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Daley MC, Moreau M, Bronk P, Fisher J, Kofron CM, Mende U, McMullen P, Choi BR, Coulombe K. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation from 3D hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to inform next-generation arrhythmia risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 2024; 201:145-157. [PMID: 38897660 PMCID: PMC11347779 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Proarrhythmic cardiotoxicity remains a substantial barrier to drug development as well as a major global health challenge. In vitro human pluripotent stem cell-based new approach methodologies have been increasingly proposed and employed as alternatives to existing in vitro and in vivo models that do not accurately recapitulate human cardiac electrophysiology or cardiotoxicity risk. In this study, we expanded the capacity of our previously established 3D human cardiac microtissue model to perform quantitative risk assessment by combining it with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, allowing a direct comparison of potentially harmful concentrations predicted in vitro to in vivo therapeutic levels. This approach enabled the measurement of concentration responses and margins of exposure for 2 physiologically relevant metrics of proarrhythmic risk (i.e. action potential duration and triangulation assessed by optical mapping) across concentrations spanning 3 orders of magnitude. The combination of both metrics enabled accurate proarrhythmic risk assessment of 4 compounds with a range of known proarrhythmic risk profiles (i.e. quinidine, cisapride, ranolazine, and verapamil) and demonstrated close agreement with their known clinical effects. Action potential triangulation was found to be a more sensitive metric for predicting proarrhythmic risk associated with the primary mechanism of concern for pharmaceutical-induced fatal ventricular arrhythmias, delayed cardiac repolarization due to inhibition of the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel, or hERG channel. This study advances human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based 3D cardiac tissue models as new approach methodologies that enable in vitro proarrhythmic risk assessment with high precision of quantitative metrics for understanding clinically relevant cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Daley
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | | | - Peter Bronk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | | | - Celinda M Kofron
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | | | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Kareen Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
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2
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Geci R, Gadaleta D, de Lomana MG, Ortega-Vallbona R, Colombo E, Serrano-Candelas E, Paini A, Kuepfer L, Schaller S. Systematic evaluation of high-throughput PBK modelling strategies for the prediction of intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics in humans. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2659-2676. [PMID: 38722347 PMCID: PMC11272695 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling offers a mechanistic basis for predicting the pharmaco-/toxicokinetics of compounds and thereby provides critical information for integrating toxicity and exposure data to replace animal testing with in vitro or in silico methods. However, traditional PBK modelling depends on animal and human data, which limits its usefulness for non-animal methods. To address this limitation, high-throughput PBK modelling aims to rely exclusively on in vitro and in silico data for model generation. Here, we evaluate a variety of in silico tools and different strategies to parameterise PBK models with input values from various sources in a high-throughput manner. We gather 2000 + publicly available human in vivo concentration-time profiles of 200 + compounds (IV and oral administration), as well as in silico, in vitro and in vivo determined compound-specific parameters required for the PBK modelling of these compounds. Then, we systematically evaluate all possible PBK model parametrisation strategies in PK-Sim and quantify their prediction accuracy against the collected in vivo concentration-time profiles. Our results show that even simple, generic high-throughput PBK modelling can provide accurate predictions of the pharmacokinetics of most compounds (87% of Cmax and 84% of AUC within tenfold). Nevertheless, we also observe major differences in prediction accuracies between the different parameterisation strategies, as well as between different compounds. Finally, we outline a strategy for high-throughput PBK modelling that relies exclusively on freely available tools. Our findings contribute to a more robust understanding of the reliability of high-throughput PBK modelling, which is essential to establish the confidence necessary for its utilisation in Next-Generation Risk Assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Geci
- esqLABS GmbH, Saterland, Germany.
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Marina García de Lomana
- Machine Learning Research, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Erika Colombo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Doerr B, Botham P, Clare G, Gott D, Gowers A, Guercio V, Gunter Kuhnle, Loizou G, Lovell DP, Pearce N, Rushton L, Toledano M, Wallace HM, Boobis AR. A UK framework for the assessment and integration of different scientific evidence streams in chemical risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 151:105652. [PMID: 38839030 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few methods are available for transparently combining different evidence streams for chemical risk assessment to reach an integrated conclusion on the probability of causation. Hence, the UK Committees on Toxicity (COT) and on Carcinogenicity (COC) have reviewed current practice and developed guidance on how to achieve this in a transparent manner, using graphical visualisation. METHODS/APPROACH All lines of evidence, including toxicological, epidemiological, new approach methodologies, and mode of action should be considered, taking account of their strengths/weaknesses in their relative weighting towards a conclusion on the probability of causation. A qualitative estimate of the probability of causation is plotted for each line of evidence and a combined estimate provided. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Guidance is provided on integration of multiple lines of evidence for causation, based on current best practice. Qualitative estimates of probability for each line of evidence are plotted graphically. This ensures a deliberative, consensus conclusion on likelihood of causation is reached. It also ensures clear communication of the influence of the different lines of evidence on the overall conclusion on causality. Issues on which advice from the respective Committees is sought varies considerably, hence the guidance is designed to be sufficiently flexible to meet this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Doerr
- Chemical Risk Assessment, Food Standards Agency, London, England, UK.
| | - Phil Botham
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill, Berkshire, England, UK
| | - Gill Clare
- Independent Consultant, Suffolk, England, UK
| | - David Gott
- Chemical Risk Assessment, Food Standards Agency, London, England, UK
| | - Alison Gowers
- Air Quality and Public Health Group, Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, England, UK
| | - Valentina Guercio
- Air Quality and Public Health Group, Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, England, UK
| | - Gunter Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, England, UK
| | - George Loizou
- Health and Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Buxton, England, UK
| | - David P Lovell
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), St George's Medical School, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England, UK
| | | | - Mireille Toledano
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, England, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, England, UK
| | - Heather M Wallace
- School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Alan R Boobis
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, England, UK
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4
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Bianchi E, Costa E, Harrill J, Deford P, LaRocca J, Chen W, Sutake Z, Lehman A, Pappas-Garton A, Sherer E, Moreillon C, Sriram S, Dhroso A, Johnson K. Discovery Phase Agrochemical Predictive Safety Assessment Using High Content In Vitro Data to Estimate an In Vivo Toxicity Point of Departure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39033510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of in vitro (cellular) techniques, like Cell Painting and transcriptomics, could provide powerful tools for agrochemical candidate sorting and selection in the discovery process. However, using these models generates challenges translating in vitro concentrations to the corresponding in vivo exposures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling provides a framework for quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). We tested whether in vivo (rat liver) transcriptomic and apical points of departure (PODs) could be accurately predicted from in vitro (rat hepatocyte or human HepaRG) transcriptomic PODs or HepaRG Cell Painting PODs using PBPK modeling. We compared two PBPK models, the ADMET predictor and the httk R package, and found httk to predict the in vivo PODs more accurately. Our findings suggest that a rat liver apical and transcriptomic POD can be estimated utilizing a combination of in vitro transcriptome-based PODs coupled with PBPK modeling for IVIVE. Thus, high content in vitro data can be translated with modest accuracy to in vivo models of ultimate regulatory importance to help select agrochemical analogs in early stage discovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bianchi
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | | | - Joshua Harrill
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park ,North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Paul Deford
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Jessica LaRocca
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Zachary Sutake
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Audrey Lehman
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | | | - Eric Sherer
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | | | | | - Andi Dhroso
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Kamin Johnson
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis ,Indiana 46268, United States
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5
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Cyganowski P, Terefinko D, Motyka-Pomagruk A, Babinska-Wensierska W, Khan MA, Klis T, Sledz W, Lojkowska E, Jamroz P, Pohl P, Caban M, Magureanu M, Dzimitrowicz A. The Potential of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas for the Direct Degradation of Organic Pollutants Derived from the Food Production Industry. Molecules 2024; 29:2910. [PMID: 38930977 PMCID: PMC11206621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Specialized chemicals are used for intensifying food production, including boosting meat and crop yields. Among the applied formulations, antibiotics and pesticides pose a severe threat to the natural balance of the ecosystem, as they either contribute to the development of multidrug resistance among pathogens or exhibit ecotoxic and mutagenic actions of a persistent character. Recently, cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) have emerged as promising technologies for degradation of these organic pollutants. CAPP-based technologies show eco-friendliness and potency for the removal of organic pollutants of diverse chemical formulas and different modes of action. For this reason, various types of CAPP-based systems are presented in this review and assessed in terms of their constructions, types of discharges, operating parameters, and efficiencies in the degradation of antibiotics and persistent organic pollutants. Additionally, the key role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is highlighted. Moreover, optimization of the CAPP operating parameters seems crucial to effectively remove contaminants. Finally, the CAPP-related paths and technologies are further considered in terms of biological and environmental effects associated with the treatments, including changes in antibacterial properties and toxicity of the exposed solutions, as well as the potential of the CAPP-based strategies for limiting the spread of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cyganowski
- Department of Polymer and Carbonaceous Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Terefinko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.T.); (M.A.K.); (T.K.); (P.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Agata Motyka-Pomagruk
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 58 Abrahama, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (W.S.); (E.L.)
- Research and Development Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 20 Podwale Przedmiejskie, 80-824 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Weronika Babinska-Wensierska
- Research and Development Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 20 Podwale Przedmiejskie, 80-824 Gdansk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Physical Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 58 Abrahama, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mujahid Ameen Khan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.T.); (M.A.K.); (T.K.); (P.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Tymoteusz Klis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.T.); (M.A.K.); (T.K.); (P.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Wojciech Sledz
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 58 Abrahama, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (W.S.); (E.L.)
- Research and Development Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 20 Podwale Przedmiejskie, 80-824 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 58 Abrahama, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (W.S.); (E.L.)
- Research and Development Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, 20 Podwale Przedmiejskie, 80-824 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Jamroz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.T.); (M.A.K.); (T.K.); (P.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.T.); (M.A.K.); (T.K.); (P.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 63 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Monica Magureanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Department of Plasma Physics and, Nuclear Fusion, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Anna Dzimitrowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze St. Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.T.); (M.A.K.); (T.K.); (P.J.); (P.P.)
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Rattner BA, Bean TG, Beasley VR, Berny P, Eisenreich KM, Elliott JE, Eng ML, Fuchsman PC, King MD, Mateo R, Meyer CB, O'Brien JM, Salice CJ. Wildlife ecological risk assessment in the 21st century: Promising technologies to assess toxicological effects. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:725-748. [PMID: 37417421 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in toxicity testing and the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for hazard assessment, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for terrestrial wildlife (i.e., air-breathing amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) has remained unchanged for decades. While survival, growth, and reproductive endpoints derived from whole-animal toxicity tests are central to hazard assessment, nonstandard measures of biological effects at multiple levels of biological organization (e.g., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem) have the potential to enhance the relevance of prospective and retrospective wildlife ERAs. Other factors (e.g., indirect effects of contaminants on food supplies and infectious disease processes) are influenced by toxicants at individual, population, and community levels, and need to be factored into chemically based risk assessments to enhance the "eco" component of ERAs. Regulatory and logistical challenges often relegate such nonstandard endpoints and indirect effects to postregistration evaluations of pesticides and industrial chemicals and contaminated site evaluations. While NAMs are being developed, to date, their applications in ERAs focused on wildlife have been limited. No single magic tool or model will address all uncertainties in hazard assessment. Modernizing wildlife ERAs will likely entail combinations of laboratory- and field-derived data at multiple levels of biological organization, knowledge collection solutions (e.g., systematic review, adverse outcome pathway frameworks), and inferential methods that facilitate integrations and risk estimations focused on species, populations, interspecific extrapolations, and ecosystem services modeling, with less dependence on whole-animal data and simple hazard ratios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:725-748. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnett A Rattner
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Val R Beasley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Karen M Eisenreich
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margaret L Eng
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Jason M O'Brien
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Clewell HJ, Fuchsman PC. Interspecies scaling of toxicity reference values in human health versus ecological risk assessments: A critical review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:749-764. [PMID: 37724480 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments that focus on anthropogenic chemicals in environmental media-whether considering human health or ecological effects-often rely on toxicity data from experimentally studied species to estimate safe exposures for species that lack similar data. Current default extrapolation approaches used in both human health risk assessments and ecological risk assessments (ERAs) account for differences in body weight between the test organisms and the species of interest, but the two default approaches differ in important ways. Human health risk assessments currently employ a default based on body weight raised to the three-quarters power. Ecological risk assessments for wildlife (i.e., mammals and birds) are typically based directly on body weight, as measured in the test organism and receptor species. This review describes differences in the experimental data underlying these default practices and discusses the many factors that affect interspecies variability in chemical exposures. The interplay of these different factors can lead to substantial departures from default expectations. Alternative methodologies for conducting more accurate interspecies extrapolations in ERAs for wildlife are discussed, including tissue-based toxicity reference values, physiologically based toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic modeling, chemical read-across, and a system of categorical defaults based on route of exposure and toxic mode of action. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:749-764. © 2023 SETAC.
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Silva AC, Loizou GD, McNally K, Osborne O, Potter C, Gott D, Colbourne JK, Viant MR. A novel method to derive a human safety limit for PFOA by gene expression profiling and modelling. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1368320. [PMID: 38577564 PMCID: PMC10991825 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1368320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent environmental contaminant that can accumulate in the human body due to its long half-life. This substance has been associated with liver, pancreatic, testicular and breast cancers, liver steatosis and endocrine disruption. PFOA is a member of a large group of substances also known as "forever chemicals" and the vast majority of substances of this group lack toxicological data that would enable their effective risk assessment in terms of human health hazards. This study aimed to derive a health-based guidance value for PFOA intake (ng/kg BW/day) from in vitro transcriptomics data. To this end, we developed an in silico workflow comprising five components: (i) sourcing in vitro hepatic transcriptomics concentration-response data; (ii) deriving molecular points of departure using BMDExpress3 and performing pathway analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the most sensitive molecular pathways to PFOA exposure; (iii) estimating freely-dissolved PFOA concentrations in vitro using a mass balance model; (iv) estimating in vivo doses by reverse dosimetry using a PBK model for PFOA as part of a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) algorithm; and (v) calculating a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PFOA. Fourteen percent of interrogated genes exhibited in vitro concentration-response relationships. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis revealed that "fatty acid metabolism" was the most sensitive pathway to PFOA exposure. In vitro free PFOA concentrations were calculated to be 2.9% of the nominal applied concentrations, and these free concentrations were input into the QIVIVE workflow. Exposure doses for a virtual population of 3,000 individuals were estimated, from which a TDI of 0.15 ng/kg BW/day for PFOA was calculated using the benchmark dose modelling software, PROAST. This TDI is comparable to previously published values of 1.16, 0.69, and 0.86 ng/kg BW/day by the European Food Safety Authority. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the combined utility of an "omics"-derived molecular point of departure and in silico QIVIVE workflow for setting health-based guidance values in anticipation of the acceptance of in vitro concentration-response molecular measurements in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Carvalho e Silva
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Olivia Osborne
- Science Evidence and Research Division, Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Potter
- Science Evidence and Research Division, Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Gott
- Science Evidence and Research Division, Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - John K. Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Jahandideh M, Ebrahimi E, Farzaei MH, Barzegari E. The effect of chronic lithium treatment on hippocampal progenitor cells: Transcriptomic analysis and systems pharmacology. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3215. [PMID: 37553827 PMCID: PMC10570482 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genomics underpinning the increased volume of the hippocampus after long-term administration of lithium (Li) in bipolar disorder patients, hypothesizing the possible contribution of cell growth and differentiation pathways to this complication. METHODS RNA-seq profiles of four samples of hippocampal progenitor cells chronically treated with a high dose of Li and three samples chronically treated with the therapeutic dose were retrieved from NCBI-GEO. The raw data underwent filtration, quality control, expression fold change, adjusted significance, functional enrichment, and pharmacogenomic analyses. RESULTS CCND1, LOXL2, and PRNP were identified as the genes involved in the drug response and the chronic effects of Li in the hippocampal cells. GSK-3β was also a hub in the pharmacogenomic network of Li. In addition, ZMPSTE24 and DHX35 were identified as the important genes in lithium therapy. CONCLUSIONS As shown by gene ontology results, these findings conclude that lithium may increase the size of the hippocampus in bipolar patients by stimulating the generation of new neurons and promoting their differentiation into neuroblasts, neurons, or microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Jahandideh
- Medical Biology Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Erfan Ebrahimi
- Student Research CommitteeKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Medical Biology Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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10
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Miller-Holt J, Behrsing H, Crooks I, Curren R, Demir K, Gafner J, Gillman G, Hollings M, Leverette R, Oldham M, Simms L, Stankowski LF, Thorne D, Wieczorek R, Moore MM. Key challenges for in vitro testing of tobacco products for regulatory applications: Recommendations for dosimetry. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:1175-1188. [PMID: 35830202 PMCID: PMC9897201 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) is sponsoring a series of workshops to develop recommendations for optimal scientific and technical approaches for conducting in vitro assays to assess potential toxicity within and across tobacco and various next-generation products (NGPs) including heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs). This publication was developed by a working group of the workshop members in conjunction with the sixth workshop in that series entitled "Dosimetry for conducting in vitro evaluations" and focuses on aerosol dosimetry for aerosol exposure to combustible cigarettes, HTP, and ENDS aerosolized tobacco products and summarizes the key challenges as well as documenting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Crooks
- Consumer Product Safety, British American Tobacco, Southampton, UK
| | - Rodger Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Kubilay Demir
- Regulatory Science, JUUL Labs Inc., 1000 F Street NW, Washington D.C. 20004, USA
| | - Jeremie Gafner
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, JT International SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gene Gillman
- Regulatory Science, JUUL Labs Inc., 1000 F Street NW, Washington D.C. 20004, USA
| | - Michael Hollings
- Genetic Toxicology, Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Ltd., Harrogate, UK
| | - Robert Leverette
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Oldham
- Regulatory Science, JUUL Labs Inc., 1000 F Street NW, Washington D.C. 20004, USA
| | - Liam Simms
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands, Bristol, UK
| | - Leon F. Stankowski
- Genetic and In Vitro Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories–Skokie, Skokie, Illinois, USA
| | - David Thorne
- Consumer Product Safety, British American Tobacco, Southampton, UK
| | - Roman Wieczorek
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Huang K, Zhou W, Fu J, Zhang Q, Teng Y, Gu L, Fu Y, Hu B, Mei Y, Zhang H, Zhang A, Fu J, Jiang G. Linking Transthyretin-Binding Chemicals and Free Thyroid Hormones: In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Based on a Competitive Binding Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:9130-9139. [PMID: 37261382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Large numbers of pollutants competitively inhibit the binding between thyroid hormones and transthyretin (TTR) in vitro. However, the impact of this unintended binding on free thyroid hormones in vivo has not yet been characterized. Herein, we established a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) method based on a competitive binding model to quantify the effect of TTR-binding chemicals on free thyroid hormones in human blood. Twenty-five TTR-binding chemicals including 6 hydroxyl polybromodiphenyl ethers (OH-PDBEs), 6 hydroxyl polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs), 4 halogenphenols, 5 per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs), and 4 phenols were selected for investigation. Incorporating the in vitro binding parameters and human exposure data, the QIVIVE model could well predict the in vivo effect on free thyroid hormones. Co-exposure to twenty-five typical TTR-binding chemicals resulted in median increases of 0.080 and 0.060% in circulating levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in the general population. Individuals with occupational exposure to TTR-binding chemicals suffered 1.88-32.2% increases in free thyroid hormone levels. This study provides a quantitative tool to evaluate the thyroid-disrupting risks of TTR-binding chemicals and proposes a new framework for assessing the in vivo effects of chemical exposures on endogenous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunhe Teng
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Luyao Gu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yang Mei
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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12
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Dimitrijevic D, Fabian E, Funk-Weyer D, Landsiedel R. Rapid equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration or ultracentrifugation? Evaluation of methods to quantify the unbound fraction of substances in plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:114-120. [PMID: 36812744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In pharmacokinetics plasma protein binding (PPB) is a well-established parameter impacting drug disposition. The unbound fraction (fu) is arguably regarded the effective concentration at the target site. Pharmacology and toxicology, increasingly use in vitro models. The translation of in vitro concentrations to in vivo doses can be supported by toxicokinetic modelling, e.g. physiologically based toxicokinetic models (PBTK). PPB of a test substance is an input parameter for PBTK. We compared three methods to quantify fu: rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED), ultrafiltration (UF) and ultracentrifugation (UC) using twelve substances covering a wide range of Log Pow (-0.1 to 6.8) and molecular weights (151 and 531 g/mol): Acetaminophen, Bisphenol A, Caffeine, Colchicine, Fenarimol, Flutamide, Genistein, Ketoconazole, α-Methyltestosterone, Tamoxifen, Trenbolone and Warfarin. After RED and UF separation, three polar substances (Log Pow < 2) were largely unbound (fu > 70%), while more lipophilic substances were largely bound (fu < 33%). Compared to RED or UF, UC resulted in a generally higher fu of lipophilic substances. fu obtained after RED and UF were more consistent with published data. For half of the substances, UC resulted in fu higher than the reference data. UF, RED and both UF and UC, resulted in lower fu of Flutamide, Ketoconazole and Colchicine, respectively. For fu quantifications, the separation method should be selected according to the test substance's properties. Based on our data, RED is suitable for a broader range of substances while UC and UF are suitable for polar substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Dimitrijevic
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eric Fabian
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany; BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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13
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Maroli AS, Powers R. Closing the gap between in vivo and in vitro omics: using QA/QC to strengthen ex vivo NMR metabolomics. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4594. [PMID: 34369014 PMCID: PMC8821733 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics aims to achieve a global quantitation of the pool of metabolites within a biological system. Importantly, metabolite concentrations serve as a sensitive marker of both genomic and phenotypic changes in response to both internal and external stimuli. NMR spectroscopy greatly aids in the understanding of both in vitro and in vivo physiological systems and in the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Accordingly, NMR is widely utilized in metabolomics and fluxomics studies due to its limited requirements for sample preparation and chromatography, its non-destructive and quantitative nature, its utility in the structural elucidation of unknown compounds, and, importantly, its versatility in the analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo samples. This review provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of in vitro and in vivo experiments for translational research and discusses how ex vivo studies may overcome these weaknesses to facilitate the extrapolation of in vitro insights to an in vivo system. The application of NMR-based metabolomics to ex vivo samples, tissues, and biofluids can provide essential information that is close to a living system (in vivo) with sensitivity and resolution comparable to those of in vitro studies. The success of this extrapolation process is critically dependent on high-quality and reproducible data. Thus, the incorporation of robust quality assurance and quality control checks into the experimental design and execution of NMR-based metabolomics experiments will ensure the successful extrapolation of ex vivo studies to benefit translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amith Sadananda Maroli
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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14
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Algharably EA, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Pistollato F, Bal-Price A, Najjar A, Kreutz R, Gundert-Remy U. Prediction of in vivo prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure leading to developmental neurotoxicity in humans based on in vitro toxicity data by quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136174. [PMID: 36959852 PMCID: PMC10027916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epidemiological studies in children suggested that in utero exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate insecticide, may cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). We applied quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) based on in vitro concentration and non-choline esterase-dependent effects data combined with Benchmark dose (BMD) modelling to predict oral maternal CPF exposure during pregnancy leading to fetal brain effect concentration. By comparing the results with data from epidemiological studies, we evaluated the contribution of the in vitro endpoints to the mode of action (MoA) for CPF-induced DNT. Methods: A maternal-fetal PBK model built in PK-Sim® was used to perform QIVIVE predicting CPF concentrations in a pregnant women population at 15 weeks of gestation from cell lysate concentrations obtained in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation towards neurons and glia exposed to CPF for 14 days. The in vitro concentration and effect data were used to perform BMD modelling. Results: The upper BMD was converted into maternal doses which ranged from 3.21 to 271 mg/kg bw/day. Maternal CPF blood levels from epidemiological studies reporting DNT findings in their children were used to estimate oral CPF exposure during pregnancy using the PBK model. It ranged from 0.11 to 140 μg/kg bw/day. Discussion: The effective daily intake doses predicted from the in vitro model were several orders of magnitude higher than exposures estimated from epidemiological studies to induce developmental non-cholinergic neurotoxic responses, which were captured by the analyzed in vitro test battery. These were also higher than the in vivo LOEC for cholinergic effects. Therefore, the quantitative predictive value of the investigated non-choline esterase-dependent effects, although possibly relevant for other chemicals, may not adequately represent potential key events in the MoA for CPF-associated DNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abdelhady Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Engi Abdelhady Algharably,
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Fragki S, Piersma AH, Westerhout J, Kienhuis A, Kramer NI, Zeilmaker MJ. Applicability of generic PBK modelling in chemical hazard assessment: A case study with IndusChemFate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 136:105267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Liu R, Zacharewski TR, Conolly RB, Zhang Q. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling Framework for Mixtures of Dioxin-like Compounds. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110700. [PMID: 36422908 PMCID: PMC9698634 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to persistent organic pollutants, such as dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), as mixtures. Understanding and predicting the toxicokinetics and thus internal burden of major constituents of a DLC mixture is important for assessing their contributions to health risks. PBPK models, including dioxin models, traditionally focus on one or a small number of compounds; developing new or extending existing models for mixtures often requires tedious, error-prone coding work. This lack of efficiency to scale up for multi-compound exposures is a major technical barrier toward large-scale mixture PBPK simulations. Congeners in the DLC family, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), share similar albeit quantitatively different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic properties. Taking advantage of these similarities, here we reported the development of a human PBPK modeling framework for DLC mixtures that can flexibly accommodate an arbitrary number of congeners. Adapted from existing TCDD models, our mixture model contains the blood and three diffusion-limited compartments-liver, fat, and rest of the body. Depending on the number of congeners in a mixture, varying-length vectors of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are automatically generated to track the tissue concentrations of the congeners. Shared ODEs are used to account for common variables, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and CYP1A2, to which the congeners compete for binding. Binary and multi-congener mixture simulations showed that the AHR-mediated cross-induction of CYP1A2 accelerates the sequestration and metabolism of DLC congeners, resulting in consistently lower tissue burdens than in single exposure, except for the liver. Using dietary intake data to simulate lifetime exposures to DLC mixtures, the model demonstrated that the relative contributions of individual congeners to blood or tissue toxic equivalency (TEQ) values are markedly different than those to intake TEQ. In summary, we developed a mixture PBPK modeling framework for DLCs that may be utilized upon further improvement as a quantitative tool to estimate tissue dosimetry and health risks of DLC mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrui Liu
- Lower Merion High School, Ardmore, PA 19003, USA
| | - Tim R. Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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17
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Hu J, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Wu J, Zeng W, Lin Y, Liu X. The potential toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics to human trophoblasts in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119924. [PMID: 35970350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), the emerging contaminants in recent years, widely distributed in the environment and are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in organisms through food chain. A growing number of studies have detected plastic particulates in human placenta and blood. However, few studies have focused on their effects during human pregnancy. Herein, human trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo cells were used to evaluate the effects and the possible mechanism of 100-nm polystyrene NPs on placental trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface. The results showed that NPs entered the trophoblastic cytoplasm, decreased cell viability, caused cell cycle arrest, reduced the cell migration and invasion abilities, increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, global transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on HTR-8/Svneo cells with or without 100 μg/mL PS-NP exposure for 24 h. A total of 344 differentially expressed genes were detected. The gene functions for regulation of leukocyte differentiation, response to stimulus, cell cycle, apoptotic process, and cell adhesion were enriched. Thyroid hormone, Hippo, TGF-β and FoxO signaling pathways were activated. Collectively, our data provided evidences for the adverse consequences of NPs on the biological functions of trophoblasts, which provided new insights into the potential trophoblast toxicity of NPs in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Hu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yichi Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yi Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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18
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Moreau M, Fisher J, Andersen ME, Barnwell A, Corzine S, Ranade A, McMullen PD, Slattery SD. NAM-based Prediction of Point-of-contact Toxicity in the Lung: A Case Example With 1,3-dichloropropene. Toxicology 2022; 481:153340. [PMID: 36183849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Time, cost, ethical, and regulatory considerations surrounding in vivo testing methods render them insufficient to meet existing and future chemical safety testing demands. There is a need for the development of in vitro and in silico alternatives to replace traditional in vivo methods for inhalation toxicity assessment. Exposures of differentiated airway epithelial cultures to gases or aerosols at the air-liquid interface (ALI) can assess tissue responses and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation can align in vitro exposure levels with in-life exposures expected to give similar tissue exposures. Because the airway epithelium varies along its length, with various regions composed of different cell types, we have introduced a known toxic vapor to five human-derived, differentiated, in vitro airway epithelial cell culture models-MucilAir of nasal, tracheal, or bronchial origin, SmallAir, and EpiAlveolar-representing five regions of the airway epithelium-nasal, tracheal, bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar. We have monitored toxicity in these cultures 24hours after acute exposure using an assay for transepithelial conductance (for epithelial barrier integrity) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay (for cytotoxicity). Our vapor of choice in these experiments was 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-DCP). Finally, we have developed an airway dosimetry model for 1,3-DCP vapor to predict in vivo external exposure scenarios that would produce toxic local tissue concentrations as determined by in vitro experiments. Measured in vitro points of departure (PoDs) for all tested cell culture models were similar. Calculated rat equivalent inhaled concentrations varied by model according to position of the modeled tissue within the airway, with nasal respiratory tissue being the most proximal and most sensitive tissue, and alveolar epithelium being the most distal and least sensitive tissue. These predictions are qualitatively in accordance with empirically determined in vivo PoDs. The predicted PoD concentrations were close to, but slightly higher than, PoDs determined by in vivo subchronic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Jeff Fisher
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Asayah Barnwell
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Sage Corzine
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Aarati Ranade
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Patrick D McMullen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Scott D Slattery
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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19
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Najjar A, Punt A, Wambaugh J, Paini A, Ellison C, Fragki S, Bianchi E, Zhang F, Westerhout J, Mueller D, Li H, Shi Q, Gant TW, Botham P, Bars R, Piersma A, van Ravenzwaay B, Kramer NI. Towards best use and regulatory acceptance of generic physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) in chemical risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3407-3419. [PMID: 36063173 PMCID: PMC9584981 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing need to incorporate new approach methodologies (NAMs) in chemical risk assessment and the concomitant need to phase out animal testing, the interpretation of in vitro assay readouts for quantitative hazard characterisation becomes more important. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models, which simulate the fate of chemicals in tissues of the body, play an essential role in extrapolating in vitro effect concentrations to in vivo bioequivalent exposures. As PBK-based testing approaches evolve, it will become essential to standardise PBK modelling approaches towards a consensus approach that can be used in quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) studies for regulatory chemical risk assessment based on in vitro assays. Based on results of an ECETOC expert workshop, steps are recommended that can improve regulatory adoption: (1) define context and implementation, taking into consideration model complexity for building fit-for-purpose PBK models, (2) harmonise physiological input parameters and their distribution and define criteria for quality chemical-specific parameters, especially in the absence of in vivo data, (3) apply Good Modelling Practices (GMP) to achieve transparency and design a stepwise approach for PBK model development for risk assessors, (4) evaluate model predictions using alternatives to in vivo PK data including read-across approaches, (5) use case studies to facilitate discussions between modellers and regulators of chemical risk assessment. Proof-of-concepts of generic PBK modelling approaches are published in the scientific literature at an increasing rate. Working on the previously proposed steps is, therefore, needed to gain confidence in PBK modelling approaches for regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ans Punt
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Wambaugh
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Styliani Fragki
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joost Westerhout
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Mueller
- Research and Development, Crop Science, Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire UK
| | - Quan Shi
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy W. Gant
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phil Botham
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire UK
| | - Rémi Bars
- Crop Science Division, Bayer S.A.S., Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Aldert Piersma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nynke I. Kramer
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Elsaid HH, Badary OA, Shouman SA, Elmazar M, El-Khatib AS. Enhanced antitumor activity of combined methotrexate and histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid on mammary cancer in vitro and in vivo. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:915-925. [PMID: 35679619 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) act as antiproliferative agents by promoting differentiation and inducing apoptosis. Valproic acid (VPA) is an HDACI that shows promising chemotherapeutic effect in several tumor cells. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of VPA on the viability of mammary cancer cells and its enhancing effect with methotrexate (MTX) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with VPA or MTX alone induced concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects in two breast cancer cell lines. VPA significantly increased the cytotoxicity of MTX 3 times against MCF7. VPA addition to MTX, however, did not produce any significant changes on MTX cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231. VPA (150 and 200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the growth of IP and SC Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor mouse models and improved results were achieved for tumor inhibition when VPA was combined with MTX (1 and 2 mg/kg) in vivo. The antitumor activity was not associated with a significant increase in toxicity or mice mortality rate. All these findings suggest that the combination of MTX and VPA may have clinical and/or adjuvant therapeutic application in the treatment of mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Hosny Elsaid
- The British University in Egypt, 120633, Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, El Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Osama A Badary
- The British University in Egypt, 120633, Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, El Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Samia A Shouman
- National Cancer Institute Cairo University, 68804, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Mohey Elmazar
- The British University in Egypt, 120633, Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Cairo,, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, 110154, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt;
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21
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Harris AC, Muelken P, Alcheva A, Stepanov I, LeSage MG. Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine Oxidase in vitro and Produces Greater Acute Aversive/Anhedonic Effects Than Nicotine Alone on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:868088. [PMID: 35712461 PMCID: PMC9196039 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.868088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional tobacco cigarettes appear to have greater abuse liability than non-combusted products such as electronic cigarettes (ECs) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This may be due to the higher levels of behaviorally active non-nicotine constituents [e.g., monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors such as β-carbolines] in cigarette smoke (CS) compared to non-combusted products. To evaluate this hypothesis, the current studies compared the relative abuse liability of CS and EC aerosol extracts containing nicotine and a range of non-nicotine constituents to that of nicotine alone (NRT analog) using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats. Effects of formulations on brain MAO activity in vitro and ex vivo were also studied to evaluate the potential role of MAO inhibition in the ICSS study. CS extract contained higher levels of several behaviorally active non-nicotine constituents (e.g., the β-carbolines norharmane and harmane) than EC extract. Nicotine alone reduced ICSS thresholds at a moderate nicotine dose, suggesting a reinforcement-enhancing effect that may promote abuse liability, and elevated ICSS thresholds at a high nicotine dose, suggesting an aversive/anhedonic effect that may limit abuse liability. CS extract elevated ICSS thresholds to a greater degree than nicotine alone at high nicotine doses. Effects of EC extract on ICSS did not differ from those of nicotine alone. Finally, CS extract significantly inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B activity in vitro, whereas EC extract and nicotine alone did not. None of the formulations inhibited MAO measured ex vivo. These findings indicate greater acute aversive/anhedonic effects for CS extract compared to nicotine alone, suggesting lower abuse liability. Although confirmation of our findings using other dosing regimens, preclinical addiction models, and tobacco product extracts is needed, these findings suggest that the centrally-mediated effects of MAO inhibitors and other non-nicotine constituents may not account for the greater abuse liability of cigarettes compared to non-combusted products. Nonetheless, identifying the specific constituent(s) mediating the effects of CS extracts in this study could help clarify mechanisms mediating tobacco addiction and inform FDA product standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Harris
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Andrew C. Harris,
| | - Peter Muelken
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Aleksandra Alcheva
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark G. LeSage
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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22
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Jagiello K, Ciura K. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to support the development of the next generation risk assessment (NGRA) strategy for nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6735-6742. [PMID: 35446334 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in developing novel strategies to support assessment of human health risks due to chemicals. Regulatory and decision-making agencies have recommended that non-animal-based alternatives should be applied whenever possible instead of experimentation on living animals. These alternative methods are beneficial because they are ethical, inexpensive, and rapid. Herein, we review recent activities aimed at developing in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models as a part of the Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) of nanomaterials. In this context, we show the adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based methodology for the identification of mechanistically relevant events serving as biomarkers for the targeted selection of in vitro assays. Considered events need to be biologically plausible, regulatory relevant, and crucial for the examination of occurrence of adverse outcomes. The promising advantages of using high-throughout-based omics data are highlighted. Furthermore, the application of 3D in vitro models and nano genome atlases to study nanoparticle toxicity is briefly summarized. Additionally, the challenges related to the extrapolation of in vitro doses into in vivo-relevant responses are presented. We also discuss the limitations of models applied thus far to study the fate of chemicals in the human body, which exist due to the lack of available knowledge regarding transformations of nanomaterials occurring in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzesimir Ciura
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
- Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
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23
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Chang X, Tan YM, Allen DG, Bell S, Brown PC, Browning L, Ceger P, Gearhart J, Hakkinen PJ, Kabadi SV, Kleinstreuer NC, Lumen A, Matheson J, Paini A, Pangburn HA, Petersen EJ, Reinke EN, Ribeiro AJS, Sipes N, Sweeney LM, Wambaugh JF, Wange R, Wetmore BA, Mumtaz M. IVIVE: Facilitating the Use of In Vitro Toxicity Data in Risk Assessment and Decision Making. TOXICS 2022; 10:232. [PMID: 35622645 PMCID: PMC9143724 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the science of toxicology has been undergoing a transformation from observational to predictive science. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in vitro assays, in silico models, read-across, and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), are being developed to reduce, refine, or replace whole animal testing, encouraging the judicious use of time and resources. Some of these methods have advanced past the exploratory research stage and are beginning to gain acceptance for the risk assessment of chemicals. A review of the recent literature reveals a burst of IVIVE publications over the past decade. In this review, we propose operational definitions for IVIVE, present literature examples for several common toxicity endpoints, and highlight their implications in decision-making processes across various federal agencies, as well as international organizations, including those in the European Union (EU). The current challenges and future needs are also summarized for IVIVE. In addition to refining and reducing the number of animals in traditional toxicity testing protocols and being used for prioritizing chemical testing, the goal to use IVIVE to facilitate the replacement of animal models can be achieved through their continued evolution and development, including a strategic plan to qualify IVIVE methods for regulatory acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chang
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - David G. Allen
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Shannon Bell
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul C. Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Lauren Browning
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Jeffery Gearhart
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Pertti J. Hakkinen
- National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA;
| | - Shruti V. Kabadi
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Additive Safety, 5001 Campus Drive, HFS-275, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Annie Lumen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Joanna Matheson
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy;
| | - Heather A. Pangburn
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, 2729 R Street, Area B, Building 837, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Emily N. Reinke
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA;
| | - Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Nisha Sipes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Lisa M. Sweeney
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Assigned to Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Ronald Wange
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Barbara A. Wetmore
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of the Associate Director for Science, 1600 Clifton Road, S102-2, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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24
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Moreau M, Mallick P, Smeltz M, Haider S, Nicolas CI, Pendse SN, Leonard JA, Linakis MW, McMullen PD, Clewell RA, Clewell HJ, Yoon M. Considerations for Improving Metabolism Predictions for In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:894569. [PMID: 35573278 PMCID: PMC9099212 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.894569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput (HT) in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is an integral component in new approach method (NAM)-based risk assessment paradigms, for rapidly translating in vitro toxicity assay results into the context of in vivo exposure. When coupled with rapid exposure predictions, HT-IVIVE supports the use of HT in vitro assays for risk-based chemical prioritization. However, the reliability of prioritization based on HT bioactivity data and HT-IVIVE can be limited as the domain of applicability of current HT-IVIVE is generally restricted to intrinsic clearance measured primarily in pharmaceutical compounds. Further, current approaches only consider parent chemical toxicity. These limitations occur because current state-of-the-art HT prediction tools for clearance and metabolite kinetics do not provide reliable data to support HT-IVIVE. This paper discusses current challenges in implementation of IVIVE for prioritization and risk assessment and recommends a path forward for addressing the most pressing needs and expanding the utility of IVIVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Marjory Moreau,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy A. Leonard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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25
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Maharjan RS, Singh AV, Hanif J, Rosenkranz D, Haidar R, Shelar A, Singh SP, Dey A, Patil R, Zamboni P, Laux P, Luch A. Investigation of the Associations between a Nanomaterial's Microrheology and Toxicology. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13985-13997. [PMID: 35559161 PMCID: PMC9089358 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of Nanotechnology, the use of nanomaterials in consumer products is increasing on a daily basis, due to which a deep understanding and proper investigation regarding their safety and risk assessment should be a major priority. To date, there is no investigation regarding the microrheological properties of nanomaterials (NMs) in biological media. In our study, we utilized in silico models to select the suitable NMs based on their physicochemical properties such as solubility and lipophilicity. Then, we established a new method based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) microrheology to get the mean square displacement (MSD) and viscoelastic property of two model NMs that are dendrimers and cerium dioxide nanoparticles in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) complete media at three different concentrations for both NMs. Subsequently, we established the cytotoxicological profiling using water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. To take one step forward, we further looked into the tight junction properties of the cells using immunostaining with Zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) antibodies and found that the tight junction function or transepithelial resistance (TEER) was affected in response to the microrheology and cytotoxicity. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results in the gene expression of ZO-1 after the 24 h treatment with NPs further validates the findings of immunostaining results. This new method that we established will be a reference point for other NM studies which are used in our day-to-day consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Singh Maharjan
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Javaria Hanif
- University
of Potsdam, Department of Food
Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Rosenkranz
- Klinikum
Oldenburg, University Medical Center Oldenburg,
Institute for Clinic Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rashad Haidar
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department
of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | | | - Aditya Dey
- Faculty
of Informatics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department
of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Department
of Translational Medicine for Romagna, University
of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peter Laux
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Hines DE, Bell S, Chang X, Mansouri K, Allen D, Kleinstreuer N. Application of an Accessible Interface for Pharmacokinetic Modeling and In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864742. [PMID: 35496281 PMCID: PMC9043603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory toxicology testing has traditionally relied on in vivo methods to inform decision-making. However, scientific, practical, and ethical considerations have led to an increased interest in the use of in vitro and in silico methods to fill data gaps. While in vitro experiments have the advantage of rapid application across large chemical sets, interpretation of data coming from these non-animal methods can be challenging due to the mechanistic nature of many assays. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) has emerged as a computational tool to help facilitate this task. Specifically, IVIVE uses physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to estimate tissue-level chemical concentrations based on various dosing parameters. This approach is used to estimate the administered dose needed to achieve in vitro bioactivity concentrations within the body. IVIVE results can be useful to inform on metrics such as margin of exposure or to prioritize potential chemicals of concern, but the PBPK models used in this approach have extensive data requirements. Thus, access to input parameters, as well as the technical requirements of applying and interpreting models, has limited the use of IVIVE as a routine part of in vitro testing. As interest in using non-animal methods for regulatory and research contexts continues to grow, our perspective is that access to computational support tools for PBPK modeling and IVIVE will be essential for facilitating broader application and acceptance of these techniques, as well as for encouraging the most scientifically sound interpretation of in vitro results. We highlight recent developments in two open-access computational support tools for PBPK modeling and IVIVE accessible via the Integrated Chemical Environment (https://ice.ntp.niehs.nih.gov/), demonstrate the types of insights these tools can provide, and discuss how these analyses may inform in vitro-based decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Hines
- Inotiv-RTP, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: David E. Hines,
| | - Shannon Bell
- Inotiv-RTP, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Inotiv-RTP, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kamel Mansouri
- NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David Allen
- Inotiv-RTP, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
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27
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di Meo NA, Loizzo D, Pandolfo SD, Autorino R, Ferro M, Porta C, Stella A, Bizzoca C, Vincenti L, Crocetto F, Tataru OS, Rutigliano M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Metabolomic Approaches for Detection and Identification of Biomarkers and Altered Pathways in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084173. [PMID: 35456991 PMCID: PMC9030452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis has proven to be a useful tool in biomarker discovery and the molecular classification of cancers. In order to find new biomarkers, and to better understand its pathological behavior, bladder cancer also has been studied using a metabolomics approach. In this article, we review the literature on metabolomic studies of bladder cancer, focusing on the different available samples (urine, blood, tissue samples) used to perform the studies and their relative findings. Moreover, the multi-omic approach in bladder cancer research has found novel insights into its metabolic behavior, providing excellent start-points for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics data analysis can lead to the discovery of a “signature pathway” associated with the progression of bladder cancer; this aspect could be potentially valuable in predictions of clinical outcomes and the introduction of new treatments. However, further studies are needed to give stronger evidence and to make these tools feasible for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Antonio di Meo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Davide Loizzo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (R.A.)
- Division of Urology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Cinzia Bizzoca
- Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Leonardo Vincenti
- Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Clewell RA, Clewell HJ, Linakis M, Easley C, Langmo JN, Salley J, Gentry R, Rucker T. An in vitro approach to determine the human relevance of anti-spermatogenic effects of 4-methylmorpholine 4-oxide, monohydrate (NMMO) in rat reproductive toxicity studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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PBK modelling of topical application and characterisation of the uncertainty of C max estimate: A case study approach. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 442:115992. [PMID: 35346730 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Combined with in vitro bioactivity data, physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models has increasing applications in next generation risk assessment for animal-free safety decision making. A tiered framework of building PBK models for such application has been developed with increasing complexity and refinements, as model parameters determined in silico, in vitro, and with human pharmacokinetic data become progressively available. PBK modelling has been widely applied for oral/intravenous administration, but less so on topically applied chemicals. Therefore, building PBK models for topical applications and characterizing their uncertainties in the tiered approach is critical to safety decision making. The purpose of this study was to assess the confidence of PBK modelling of topically applied chemicals following the tiered framework, using non-animal methods derived parameters. Prediction of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve were compared to observed kinetics from published dermal clinical studies for five chemicals (diclofenac, salicylic acid, coumarin, nicotine, caffeine). A bespoke Bayesian statistical model was developed to describe the distributions of Cmax errors between the predicted and observed data. We showed a general trend that confidence in model predictions increases when more quality in vitro data, particularly those on hepatic clearance and dermal absorption, are available as model input. The overall fold error distributions are useful for characterizing model uncertainty. We concluded that by identifying and quantifying the uncertainties in the tiered approach, we can increase the confidence in using PBK modelling to help make safety decisions on topically applied chemicals in the absence of human pharmacokinetic data.
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Bednarczyk E, Lu Y, Paini A, Batista Leite S, van Grunsven LA, Worth A, Whelan M. Extension of the Virtual Cell Based Assay from a 2-D to a 3-D Cell Culture Model. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:45-56. [PMID: 35238679 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of chemical toxicity is very useful in risk assessment. With the current paradigm shift towards the use of in vitro and in silico systems, we present herein a theoretical mathematical description of a quasi-diffusion process to predict chemical concentrations in 3-D spheroid cell cultures. By extending a 2-D Virtual Cell Based Assay (VCBA) model into a 3-D spheroid cell model, we assume that cells are arranged in a series of concentric layers within the sphere. We formulate the chemical quasi-diffusion process by simplifying the spheroid with respect to the number of cells in each layer. The system was calibrated and tested with acetaminophen (APAP). Simulated predictions of APAP toxicity were compared with empirical data from in vitro measurements by using a 3-D spheroid model. The results of this first attempt to extend the VCBA model are promising - they show that the VCBA model simulates close correlation between the influence of compound concentration and the viability of the HepaRG 3-D cell culture. The 3-D VCBA model provides a complement to current in vitro procedures to refine experimental setups, to fill data gaps and help in the interpretation of in vitro data for the purposes of risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bednarczyk
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Yanfei Lu
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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31
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Loizou G, McNally K, Paini A, Hogg A. Derivation of a Human In Vivo Benchmark Dose for Bisphenol A from ToxCast In Vitro Concentration Response Data Using a Computational Workflow for Probabilistic Quantitative In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:754408. [PMID: 35222005 PMCID: PMC8874249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational workflow which integrates physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling; global sensitivity analysis (GSA), Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and the Virtual Cell Based Assay (VCBA) for the estimation of the active, free in vitro concentration of chemical in the reaction medium was developed to facilitate quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE). The workflow was designed to estimate parameter and model uncertainty within a computationally efficient framework. The workflow was tested using a human PBK model for bisphenol A (BPA) and high throughput screening (HTS) in vitro concentration-response data, for estrogen and pregnane X receptor activation determined in human liver and kidney cell lines, from the ToxCast/Tox21 database. In vivo benchmark dose 10% lower confidence limits (BMDL10) for oral uptake of BPA (ng/kg BW/day) were calculated from the in vivo dose-responses and compared to the human equivalent dose (HED) BMDL10 for relative kidney weight change in the mouse derived by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Three from four in vivo BMDL10 values calculated in this study were similar to the EFSA values whereas the fourth was much smaller. The derivation of an uncertainty factor (UF) to accommodate the uncertainties associated with measurements using human cell lines in vitro, extrapolated to in vivo, could be useful for the derivation of Health Based Guidance Values (HBGV).
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Affiliation(s)
- George Loizou
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin McNally
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Alex Hogg
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, United Kingdom
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Najjar A, Schepky A, Krueger CT, Dent M, Cable S, Li H, Grégoire S, Roussel L, Noel-Voisin A, Hewitt NJ, Cardamone E. Use of Physiologically-Based Kinetics Modelling to Reliably Predict Internal Concentrations of the UV Filter, Homosalate, After Repeated Oral and Topical Application. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:802514. [PMID: 35058784 PMCID: PMC8763688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethical and legal considerations have led to increased use of non-animal methods to evaluate the safety of chemicals for human use. We describe the development and qualification of a physiologically-based kinetics (PBK) model for the cosmetic UV filter ingredient, homosalate, to support its safety without the need of generating further animal data. The intravenous (IV) rat PBK model, using PK-Sim®, was developed and validated using legacy in vivo data generated prior to the 2013 EU animal-testing ban. Input data included literature or predicted physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The refined IV rat PBK model was subject to sensitivity analysis to identify homosalate-specific sensitive parameters impacting the prediction of Cmax (more sensitive than AUC(0-∞)). These were then considered, together with population modeling, to calculate the confidence interval (CI) 95% Cmax and AUC(0-∞). Final model parameters were established by visual inspection of the simulations and biological plausibility. The IV rat model was extrapolated to oral administration, and used to estimate internal exposures to doses tested in an oral repeated dose toxicity study. Next, a human PBK dermal model was developed using measured human in vitro ADME data and a module to represent the dermal route. Model performance was confirmed by comparing predicted and measured values from a US-FDA clinical trial (Identifier: NCT03582215, https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Final exposure estimations were obtained in a virtual population and considering the in vitro and input parameter uncertainty. This model was then used to estimate the Cmax and AUC(0-24 h) of homosalate according to consumer use in a sunscreen. The developed rat and human PBK models had a good biological basis and reproduced in vivo legacy rat and human clinical kinetics data. They also complied with the most recent WHO and OECD recommendations for assessing the confidence level. In conclusion, we have developed a PBK model which predicted reasonably well the internal exposure of homosalate according to different exposure scenarios with a medium to high level of confidence. In the absence of in vivo data, such human PBK models will be the heart of future completely non-animal risk assessments; therefore, valid approaches will be key in gaining their regulatory acceptance. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier, NCT03582215.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew Dent
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Cable
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
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33
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Schuijt LM, Peng FJ, van den Berg SJP, Dingemans MML, Van den Brink PJ. (Eco)toxicological tests for assessing impacts of chemical stress to aquatic ecosystems: Facts, challenges, and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148776. [PMID: 34328937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemicals in the aquatic environment by chemical analysis alone cannot completely assess and predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic species and ecosystems. This is primarily because of the increasing number of (unknown) chemical stressors and mixture effects present in the environment. In addition, the ability of ecological indices to identify underlying stressors causing negative ecological effects is limited. Therefore, additional complementary methods are needed that can address the biological effects in a direct manner and provide a link to chemical exposure, i.e. (eco)toxicological tests. (Eco)toxicological tests are defined as test systems that expose biological components (cells, individuals, populations, communities) to (environmental mixtures of) chemicals to register biological effects. These tests measure responses at the sub-organismal (biomarkers and in vitro bioassays), whole-organismal, population, or community level. We performed a literature search to obtain a state-of-the-art overview of ecotoxicological tests available for assessing impacts of chemicals to aquatic biota and to reveal datagaps. In total, we included 509 biomarkers, 207 in vitro bioassays, 422 tests measuring biological effects at the whole-organismal level, and 78 tests at the population- community- and ecosystem-level. Tests at the whole-organismal level and biomarkers were most abundant for invertebrates and fish, whilst in vitro bioassays are mostly based on mammalian cell lines. Tests at the community- and ecosystem-level were almost missing for organisms other than microorganisms and algae. In addition, we provide an overview of the various extrapolation challenges faced in using data from these tests and suggest some forward looking perspectives. Although extrapolating the measured responses to relevant protection goals remains challenging, the combination of ecotoxicological experiments and models is key for a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of chemical stressors to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sanne J P van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Wu Y, Song Z, Little JC, Zhong M, Li H, Xu Y. An integrated exposure and pharmacokinetic modeling framework for assessing population-scale risks of phthalates and their substitutes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106748. [PMID: 34256300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To effectively incorporate in vitro-in silico-based methods into the regulation of consumer product safety, a quantitative connection between product phthalate concentrations and in vitro bioactivity data must be established for the general population. We developed, evaluated, and demonstrated a modeling framework that integrates exposure and pharmacokinetic models to convert product phthalate concentrations into population-scale risks for phthalates and their substitutes. A probabilistic exposure model was developed to generate the distribution of multi-route exposures based on product phthalate concentrations, chemical properties, and human activities. Pharmacokinetic models were developed to simulate population toxicokinetics using Bayesian analysis via the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Both exposure and pharmacokinetic models demonstrated good predictive capability when compared with worldwide studies. The distributions of exposures and pharmacokinetics were integrated to predict the population distributions of internal dosimetry. The predicted distributions showed reasonable agreement with the U.S. biomonitoring surveys of urinary metabolites. The "source-to-outcome" local sensitivity analysis revealed that food contact materials had the greatest impact on body burden for di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), and di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), whereas the body burden of diethyl phthalate (DEP) was most sensitive to the concentration in personal care products. The upper bounds of predicted plasma concentrations showed no overlap with ToxCast in vitro bioactivity values. Compared with the in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) approach, the integrated modeling framework has significant advantages in mapping product phthalate concentrations to multi-route risks, and thus is of great significance for regulatory use with a relatively low input requirement. Further integration with new approach methodologies will facilitate these in vitro-in silico-based risk assessments for a broad range of products containing an equally broad range of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zidong Song
- Department of Building Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - John C Little
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Min Zhong
- Bureau of Air Quality, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA
| | - Hongwan Li
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Building Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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35
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Lithium treatment and human hippocampal neurogenesis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:555. [PMID: 34718328 PMCID: PMC8557207 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, where it acts as a mood-stabilizing agent. Although its precise mechanism remains unclear, neuroimaging studies have shown that lithium accumulates in the hippocampus and that chronic use amongst bipolar disorder patients is associated with larger hippocampal volumes. Here, we tested the chronic effects of low (0.75 mM) and high (2.25 mM) doses of lithium on human hippocampal progenitor cells and used immunocytochemistry to investigate the effects of lithium on cell parameters implicated in neurogenesis. Corresponding RNA-sequencing and gene-set enrichment analyses were used to evaluate whether genes affected by lithium in our model overlap with those regulating the volume of specific layers of the dentate gyrus. We observed that high-dose lithium treatment in human hippocampal progenitors increased the generation of neuroblasts (P ≤ 0.01), neurons (P ≤ 0.01), and glia (P ≤ 0.001), alongside the expression of genes, which regulate the volume of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. This study provides empirical support that adult hippocampal neurogenesis and gliogenesis are mechanisms that could contribute to the effects of lithium on human hippocampal volume.
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Tan YM, Barton HA, Boobis A, Brunner R, Clewell H, Cope R, Dawson J, Domoradzki J, Egeghy P, Gulati P, Ingle B, Kleinstreuer N, Lowe K, Lowit A, Mendez E, Miller D, Minucci J, Nguyen J, Paini A, Perron M, Phillips K, Qian H, Ramanarayanan T, Sewell F, Villanueva P, Wambaugh J, Embry M. Opportunities and challenges related to saturation of toxicokinetic processes: Implications for risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 127:105070. [PMID: 34718074 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Top dose selection for repeated dose animal studies has generally focused on identification of apical endpoints, use of the limit dose, or determination of a maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The intent is to optimize the ability of toxicity tests performed in a small number of animals to detect effects for hazard identification. An alternative approach, the kinetically derived maximum dose (KMD), has been proposed as a mechanism to integrate toxicokinetic (TK) data into the dose selection process. The approach refers to the dose above which the systemic exposures depart from being proportional to external doses. This non-linear external-internal dose relationship arises from saturation or limitation of TK process(es), such as absorption or metabolism. The importance of TK information is widely acknowledged when assessing human health risks arising from exposures to environmental chemicals, as TK determines the amount of chemical at potential sites of toxicological responses. However, there have been differing opinions and interpretations within the scientific and regulatory communities related to the validity and application of the KMD concept. A multi-stakeholder working group, led by the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), was formed to provide an opportunity for impacted stakeholders to address commonly raised scientific and technical issues related to this topic and, more specifically, a weight of evidence approach is recommended to inform design and dose selection for repeated dose animal studies. Commonly raised challenges related to the use of TK data for dose selection are discussed, recommendations are provided, and illustrative case examples are provided to address these challenges or refute misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Tan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel Brunner
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Rhian Cope
- Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Dawson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Peter Egeghy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pankaj Gulati
- Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brandall Ingle
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program, Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Lowe
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Lowit
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mendez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Miller
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Minucci
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James Nguyen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Monique Perron
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hua Qian
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
| | | | - Fiona Sewell
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research, London, UK
| | - Philip Villanueva
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington DC, USA.
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Dogruer G, Kramer NI, Schaap IL, Hollert H, Gaus C, van de Merwe JP. An integrative approach to define chemical exposure threshold limits for endangered sea turtles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126512. [PMID: 34284283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants pose serious health threats to marine megafauna species, yet methods defining exposure threshold limits are lacking. Here, a three-pillar chemical risk assessment framework is presented based on (1) species- and chemical-specific lifetime bioaccumulation modelling, (2) non-destructive in vitro and in vivo toxicity threshold assessment, and (3) chemical risk quantification. We used the effects of cadmium (Cd) in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) as a proof of concept to evaluate the quantitative mechanistic modelling approach. A physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model simulated Cd tissue concentrations (liver, kidney, muscle, fat, brain, scute, and 'rest of the body') in C.mydas. The validated PBK model then translated species-specific in vitro results to in vivo effects. The results showed that the resilience of C.mydas towards Cd kidney toxicity is age-dependent and differs with changing physiology and feeding ecology. Using the model in reverse mode, a steady-state exposure threshold of 0.1 µg/g dry weight Cd in forage was derived and compared to real-world exposure scenarios. Three out of the four globally distinct C.mydas populations assessed are exposed to Cd levels above this threshold limit. This approach can be adapted to other marine species and chemicals to prioritize measures for managing potentially harmful chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Dogruer
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, The School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, The School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iris L Schaap
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, The School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Valdiviezo A, Luo YS, Chen Z, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Quantitative in Vitro-to-in Vivo Extrapolation for Mixtures: A Case Study of Superfund Priority List Pesticides. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:60-69. [PMID: 34142158 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell-based toxicity testing methods generate large amounts of data informative for risk-based evaluations. To allow extrapolation of the quantitative outputs from cell-based tests to the equivalent exposure levels in humans, reverse toxicokinetic (RTK) modeling is used to conduct in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) from in vitro effective concentrations to in vivo oral dose equivalents. IVIVE modeling approaches for individual chemicals are well-established; however, the potential implications of chemical-to-chemical interactions in mixture settings on IVIVE remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that chemical co-exposures could modulate both protein binding efficiency and hepatocyte clearance of the chemicals in a mixture, which would in turn affect the quantitative IVIVE toxicokinetic parameters. To test this hypothesis, we used 20 pesticides from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Substance Priority List, both individually and as equimolar mixtures, and investigated the concentration-dependent effects of chemical interactions on in vitro toxicokinetic parameters. Plasma protein binding efficiency was determined by using ultracentrifugation, and hepatocyte clearance was estimated in suspensions of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes. We found that for single chemicals, the protein binding efficiencies were similar at different test concentrations. In a mixture, however, both protein binding efficiency and hepatocyte clearance were affected. When IVIVE was conducted using mixture-derived toxicokinetic data, more conservative estimates of Activity-to-Exposure Ratios (AERs) were produced as compared to using data from single chemical experiments. Because humans are exposed to mixtures of chemicals, this study is significant as it demonstrates the importance of incorporating mixture-derived parameters into IVIVE for in vitro bioactivity data in order to accurately prioritize risks and facilitate science-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Valdiviezo
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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Pistollato F, Madia F, Corvi R, Munn S, Grignard E, Paini A, Worth A, Bal-Price A, Prieto P, Casati S, Berggren E, Bopp SK, Zuang V. Current EU regulatory requirements for the assessment of chemicals and cosmetic products: challenges and opportunities for introducing new approach methodologies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1867-1897. [PMID: 33851225 PMCID: PMC8166712 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and other EU regulations, such as REACH and the Cosmetic Products Regulation advocate for a change in the way toxicity testing is conducted. Whilst the Cosmetic Products Regulation bans animal testing altogether, REACH aims for a progressive shift from in vivo testing towards quantitative in vitro and computational approaches. Several endpoints can already be addressed using non-animal approaches including skin corrosion and irritation, serious eye damage and irritation, skin sensitisation, and mutagenicity and genotoxicity. However, for systemic effects such as acute toxicity, repeated dose toxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity, evaluation of chemicals under REACH still heavily relies on animal tests. Here we summarise current EU regulatory requirements for the human health assessment of chemicals under REACH and the Cosmetic Products Regulation, considering the more critical endpoints and identifying the main challenges in introducing alternative methods into regulatory testing practice. This supports a recent initiative taken by the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM) to summarise current regulatory requirements specific for the assessment of chemicals and cosmetic products for several human health-related endpoints, with the aim of comparing different jurisdictions and coordinating the promotion and ultimately the implementation of non-animal approaches worldwide. Recent initiatives undertaken at European level to promote the 3Rs and the use of alternative methods in current regulatory practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Federica Madia
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Raffaella Corvi
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sharon Munn
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Elise Grignard
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Alicia Paini
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Andrew Worth
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Silvia Casati
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Elisabet Berggren
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Stephanie K Bopp
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Valérie Zuang
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Mallick P, Moreau M, Song G, Efremenko AY, Pendse SN, Creek MR, Osimitz TG, Hines RN, Hinderliter P, Clewell HJ, Lake BG, Yoon M. Development and Application of a Life-Stage Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model to the Assessment of Internal Dose of Pyrethroids in Humans. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:86-99. [PMID: 31593217 PMCID: PMC6944222 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To address concerns around age-related sensitivity to pyrethroids, a life-stage physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, supported by in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was developed. The model was used to predict age-dependent changes in target tissue exposure of 8 pyrethroids; deltamethrin (DLM), cis-permethrin (CPM), trans-permethrin, esfenvalerate, cyphenothrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and bifenthrin. A single model structure was used based on previous work in the rat. Intrinsic clearance (CLint) of each individual cytochrome P450 or carboxylesterase (CES) enzyme that are active for a given pyrethroid were measured in vitro, then biologically scaled to obtain in vivo age-specific total hepatic CLint. These IVIVE results indicate that, except for bifenthrin, CES enzymes are largely responsible for human hepatic metabolism (>50% contribution). Given the high efficiency and rapid maturation of CESs, clearance of the pyrethroids is very efficient across ages, leading to a blood flow-limited metabolism. Together with age-specific physiological parameters, in particular liver blood flow, the efficient metabolic clearance of pyrethroids across ages results in comparable to or even lower internal exposure in the target tissue (brain) in children than that in adults in response to the same level of exposure to a given pyrethroid (Cmax ratio in brain between 1- and 25-year old = 0.69, 0.93, and 0.94 for DLM, bifenthrin, and CPM, respectively). Our study demonstrated that a life-stage PBPK modeling approach, coupled with IVIVE, provides a robust framework for evaluating age-related differences in pharmacokinetics and internal target tissue exposure in humans for the pyrethroid class of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gina Song
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,ToxStrategies, Cary, North Carolina 27511
| | | | - Salil N Pendse
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Moire R Creek
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Lincoln, California 95648
| | | | - Ronald N Hines
- US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | | | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,ToxStrategies, Cary, North Carolina 27511
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41
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Black SR, Nichols JW, Fay KA, Matten SR, Lynn SG. Evaluation and comparison of in vitro intrinsic clearance rates measured using cryopreserved hepatocytes from humans, rats, and rainbow trout. Toxicology 2021; 457:152819. [PMID: 33984406 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in silico methods that can reduce the need for animal testing are being used with increasing frequency to assess chemical risks to human health and the environment. The rate of hepatic biotransformation is an important species-specific parameter for determining bioaccumulation potential and extrapolating in vitro bioactivity to in vivo effects. One approach to estimating hepatic biotransformation is to employ in vitro systems derived from liver tissue to measure chemical (substrate) depletion over time which can then be translated to a rate of intrinsic clearance (CLint). In the present study, cryopreserved hepatocytes from humans, rats, and rainbow trout were used to measure CLint values for 54 industrial and pesticidal chemicals at starting test concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μM. A data evaluation framework that emphasizes the behavior of Heat-Treated Controls (HTC) was developed to identify datasets suitable for rate reporting. Measured or estimated ("greater than" or "less than") CLint values were determined for 124 of 226 (55 %) species-chemical-substrate concentration datasets with acceptable analytical chemistry. A large percentage of tested chemicals exhibited low HTC recovery values, indicating a substantial abiotic loss of test chemical over time. An evaluation of KOW values for individual chemicals suggested that in vitro test performance declined with increasing chemical hydrophobicity, although differences in testing devices for mammals and fish also likely played a role. The current findings emphasize the value of negative controls as part of a rigorous approach to data quality assessment for in vitro substrate depletion studies. Changes in current testing protocols can be expected to result in the collection of higher quality data. However, poorly soluble chemicals are likely to remain a challenge for CLint determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R Black
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC 27709 USA.
| | - John W Nichols
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division (GLTED), 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
| | - Kellie A Fay
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT), William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
| | - Sharlene R Matten
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP), William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
| | - Scott G Lynn
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP), William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
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42
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Li H, Yuan H, Middleton A, Li J, Nicol B, Carmichael P, Guo J, Peng S, Zhang Q. Next generation risk assessment (NGRA): Bridging in vitro points-of-departure to human safety assessment using physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modelling - A case study of doxorubicin with dose metrics considerations. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105171. [PMID: 33848589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using the chemical doxorubicin (DOX), the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dose metrics selection in the new approach method of integrating physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modelling and relevant human cell-based assays to inform a priori the point of departure for human health risk. We reviewed the literature on the clinical consequences of DOX treatment to identify dosing scenarios with no or mild cardiotoxicity observed. Key concentrations of DOX that induced cardiomyocyte toxicity in vitro were derived from studies of our own and others. A human population-based PBK model of DOX was developed and verified against pharmacokinetic data. The model was then used to predict plasma and extracellular and intracellular heart concentrations of DOX under selected clinical settings and compared with in vitro outcomes, based on several dose metrics: Cmax (maximum concentration) or AUC (area under concentration-time curve) in free or total form of DOX. We found when using in vitro assays to predict cardiotoxicity for DOX, AUC is a better indicator. Our study illustrates that when appropriate dose metrics are used, it is possible to combine PBK modelling with in vitro-derived toxicity information to define margins of safety and predict low-risk human exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Alistair Middleton
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Jin Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Beate Nicol
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Jiabin Guo
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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43
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Henneberger L, Huchthausen J, Wojtysiak N, Escher BI. Quantitative In Vitro-to- In Vivo Extrapolation: Nominal versus Freely Dissolved Concentration. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1175-1182. [PMID: 33759508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discussions are ongoing on which dose metric should be used for quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) of in vitro bioassay data. The nominal concentration of the test chemicals is most commonly used and easily accessible, while the concentration freely dissolved in the assay medium is considered to better reflect the bioavailable concentration but is tedious to measure. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much QIVIVE results will differ when using either nominal or freely dissolved concentrations. QIVIVEnom and QIVIVEfree ratios, that is, the ratios of plasma concentrations divided by in vitro effect concentrations, were calculated for 10 pharmaceuticals using previously published nominal and freely dissolved effect concentrations for the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the activation of oxidative stress response. The QIVIVEnom ratios were higher than QIVIVEfree ratios by up to a factor of 60. The risk of in vivo effects was classified as being high or low for four chemicals using the QIVIVEnom and for three chemicals using QIVIVEfree ratios. Unambiguous classification was possible for nine chemicals by combining the QIVIVEnom or QIVIVEfree ratios with the respective specificity ratios (SRnom or SRfree) of the in vitro effect data, which helps to identify whether the specific effect was influenced by cytotoxicity. QIVIVEfree models should be preferred as they account for differences in bioavailability between in vitro and in vivo, but QIVIVEnom may still be useful for screening the effects of large numbers of chemicals because it is generally more conservative. The use of SR of the in vitro effect data as a second classification factor is recommended for QIVIVEnom and QIVIVEfree models because a clearer picture can be obtained with respect to the likelihood that a biological effect will occur and that it is not caused by nonspecific cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Huchthausen
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niklas Wojtysiak
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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44
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Punt A, Pinckaers N, Peijnenburg A, Louisse J. Development of a Web-Based Toolbox to Support Quantitative In-Vitro-to-In-Vivo Extrapolations (QIVIVE) within Nonanimal Testing Strategies. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:460-472. [PMID: 33382582 PMCID: PMC7887804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to develop an online web-based toolbox that contains generic physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for rats and humans, including underlying calculation tools to predict plasma protein binding and tissue:plasma distribution, to be used for quantitative in-vitro-to-in-vivo extrapolations (QIVIVE). The PBK models within the toolbox allow first estimations of internal plasma and tissue concentrations of chemicals to be made, based on the logP and pKa of the chemicals and values for intestinal uptake and intrinsic hepatic clearance. As a case study, the toolbox was used to predict oral equivalent doses of in vitro ToxCast bioactivity data for the food additives methylparaben, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, and dodecyl gallate. These oral equivalent doses were subsequently compared with human exposure estimates, as a low tier assessment allowing prioritization for further assessment. The results revealed that daily intake levels of especially propyl gallate can lead to internal plasma concentrations that are close to in vitro biological effect concentrations, particularly with respect to the inhibition of human thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Estrogenic effects were not considered likely to be induced by the food additives, as daily exposure levels of the different compounds remained 2 orders of magnitude below the oral equivalent doses for in vitro estrogen receptor activation. Overall, the results of the study show how the toolbox, which is freely accessible through www.qivivetools.wur.nl, can be used to obtain initial internal dose estimates of chemicals and to prioritize chemicals for further assessment, based on the comparison of oral equivalent doses of in vitro biological activity data with human exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ans Punt
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Pinckaers
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Lungu-Mitea S, Vogs C, Carlsson G, Montag M, Frieberg K, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Modeling Bioavailable Concentrations in Zebrafish Cell Lines and Embryos Increases the Correlation of Toxicity Potencies across Test Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:447-457. [PMID: 33320646 PMCID: PMC7872314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Linking cellular toxicity to low-tier animal toxicity and beyond is crucial within the adverse outcome pathway concept and the 3R framework. This study aimed to determine and compare the bioavailable effect concentrations in zebrafish cell lines and embryos. Acute, short-term toxicity (48 h) of eight veterinary pharmaceuticals was measured in two zebrafish cell lines (hepatocytes, fibroblasts) and zebrafish embryos. Seven endpoints of cytotoxicity were recorded. The fish embryo acute toxicity test was modified by adding sublethal endpoints. Chemical distribution modeling (mass balance) was applied to compute the bioavailable compound concentrations in cells (Cfree) and embryos (Cint;aq) based on nominal effect concentrations (Cnom). Effect concentration ratios were calculated (cell effects/embryo effects). A low correlation was observed between cytotoxicity and embryo toxicity when nominal concentrations were used. Modeled bioavailable effect concentrations strongly increased correlations and placed regression lines close to the line of unity and axis origin. Cytotoxicity endpoints showed differences in sensitivity and predictability. The hepatocyte cell line depicted closer proximity to the embryo data. Conclusively, the high positive correlation between the cell- and embryo-based test systems emphasizes the appropriate modulation of toxicity when linked to bioavailable concentrations. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of fish cell lines to be utilized in integrated testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maximiliane Montag
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Shao Y, Schiwy A, Glauch L, Henneberger L, König M, Mühlenbrink M, Xiao H, Thalmann B, Schlichting R, Hollert H, Escher BI. Optimization of a pre-metabolization procedure using rat liver S9 and cell-extracted S9 in the Ames fluctuation test. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141468. [PMID: 32827816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants pose a toxicological hazard only after metabolic activation. In vitro bioassays using cell lines or bacteria have often no or reduced metabolic activity, which impedes their use in the risk assessment. To improve the predictive capability of in vitro assays, external metabolization systems like the liver S9 fraction are frequently combined with in vitro toxicity assays. While it is typical for S9 fractions that samples and testing systems are combined in the same exposure system, we propose to separate the metabolism step and toxicity measurement. This allows for a modular combination of metabolic activation by enzymes isolated from rat liver (S9) or a biotechnological alternative (ewoS9R) with in vitro bioassays that lack metabolic capacity. Benzo(a)pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene were used as model compounds to optimize the conditions for the S9 metabolic degradation/activation step. The Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was applied to validate the set-up of decoupling the S9 activation/metabolism from the bioassay system. S9 protein concentration of 0.25 mgprotein/mL, a supplement of 0.13 mM NADPH and a pre-incubation time of 100 min are recommended for activation of samples prior to dosing them to in vitro bioassays using the regular dosing protocols of the respective bioassay. EwoS9R performed equally well as Moltox S9, which is a step forward in developing true animal-free in vitro bioassays. After pre-incubation with S9 fraction, chemicals induced bacteria revertants in both the TA98 and the TA100 assay as efficiently as the standard Ames assay. The pre-incubation of chemicals with S9 fraction could serve for a wide range of cellular in vitro assays to efficiently combine activation and toxicity measurement, which may greatly facilitate the application of these assays for chemical hazard assessment and monitoring of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Shazheng street 174, Shapingba, 400044 Chongqing, China.
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Glauch
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Mühlenbrink
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Beat Thalmann
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
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47
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The TTC Data Mart: An interactive browser for threshold of toxicological concern calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Deepika D, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. An integrative translational framework for chemical induced neurotoxicity – a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:424-438. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1763253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
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49
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Perry C, Davis G, Conner TM, Zhang T. Utilization of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:71-84. [PMID: 32399388 PMCID: PMC7214223 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to assess the advancement of applications for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in various therapeutic areas. We conducted a PubMed search, and 166 articles published between 2012 and 2018 on FDA-approved drug products were selected for further review. Qualifying publications were summarized according to therapeutic area, medication(s) studied, pharmacokinetic model type utilized, simulator program used, and the applications of that modeling. The results showed a 13-fold increase in the number of papers published from 2012 to 2018, with the largest proportion of articles dedicated to the areas of infectious diseases, oncology, and neurology, and application extensions including prediction of drug-drug interactions due to metabolism and/or transporter-mediated effects and understanding drug kinetics in special populations. In addition, we profiled several high-impact studies whose results were used to guide package insert information and formulate dose recommendations. These results show that while utilization of PBPK modeling has drastically increased over the past several years, regulatory support, lack of easy-to-use systems for clinicians, and challenges with model validation remain major challenges for the widespread adoption of this practice in institutional and ambulatory settings. However, PBPK modeling will continue to be a useful tool in the future to assess therapeutic drug monitoring and the growing field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Perry
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401 USA
| | - Grace Davis
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401 USA
| | - Todd M Conner
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401 USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401 USA
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Walker PA, Ryder S, Lavado A, Dilworth C, Riley RJ. The evolution of strategies to minimise the risk of human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in drug discovery and development. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2559-2585. [PMID: 32372214 PMCID: PMC7395068 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early identification of toxicity associated with new chemical entities (NCEs) is critical in preventing late-stage drug development attrition. Liver injury remains a leading cause of drug failures in clinical trials and post-approval withdrawals reflecting the poor translation between traditional preclinical animal models and human clinical outcomes. For this reason, preclinical strategies have evolved over recent years to incorporate more sophisticated human in vitro cell-based models with multi-parametric endpoints. This review aims to highlight the evolution of the strategies adopted to improve human hepatotoxicity prediction in drug discovery and compares/contrasts these with recent activities in our lab. The key role of human exposure and hepatic drug uptake transporters (e.g. OATPs, OAT2) is also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - Stephanie Ryder
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Andrea Lavado
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Clive Dilworth
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.,Alderley Park Accelerator, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Robert J Riley
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
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