1
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Zheng Z, Li J, Liu T, Fan Y, Zhai QC, Xiong M, Wang QR, Sun X, Zheng QW, Che S, Jiang B, Zheng Q, Wang C, Liu L, Ping J, Wang S, Gao DD, Ye J, Yang K, Zuo Y, Ma S, Yang YG, Qu J, Zhang F, Jia P, Liu GH, Zhang W. DNA methylation clocks for estimating biological age in Chinese cohorts. Protein Cell 2024; 15:575-593. [PMID: 38482631 PMCID: PMC11259550 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks are accurate predictors of human chronological age based on the analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific CpG sites. However, a systematic comparison between DNA methylation data and other omics datasets has not yet been performed. Moreover, available DNAm age predictors are based on datasets with limited ethnic representation. To address these knowledge gaps, we generated and analyzed DNA methylation datasets from two independent Chinese cohorts, revealing age-related DNAm changes. Additionally, a DNA methylation aging clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) and a group of DNAm-based multi-modal clocks for Chinese individuals were developed, with most of them demonstrating strong predictive capabilities for chronological age. The clocks were further employed to predict factors influencing aging rates. The DNAm aging clock, derived from multi-modal aging features (compositeAge-DNAmAge), exhibited a close association with multi-omics changes, lifestyles, and disease status, underscoring its robust potential for precise biological age assessment. Our findings offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of age-related DNAm changes and extend the application of the DNAm clock for measuring biological age and aging pace, providing the basis for evaluating aging intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianzi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Zhai
- Division of Orthopaedics, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Muzhao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao-Ran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Wen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shanshan Che
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beier Jiang
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Cui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiale Ping
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gao
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Jinlin Ye
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuesheng Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Qu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Peilin Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Rimmer L, Mann DA, Sayer AA, Amarnath S, Granic A. A silver bullet for ageing medicine?: clinical relevance of T-cell checkpoint receptors in normal human ageing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360141. [PMID: 38361938 PMCID: PMC10867193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence describes dysregulation of the immune system with ageing manifested in both the innate and adaptive immunity, including changes in T-cell checkpoint signaling. Through complex and nuanced process, T-cells lose excitatory signaling pathways and upregulate their inhibitory signaling, leading to ineffective immune responses that contribute to the formation of the ageing phenotype. Here we expand on the expression, function, and clinical potential of targeting the T-cell checkpoint signaling in age and highlight interventions offering the most benefits to older adults' health. Notably, modifications in vaccination such as with mTOR inhibitors show immediate clinical relevance and good tolerability. Other proposed treatments, including therapies with monoclonal antibodies fail to show clinical efficacy or tolerability needed for implementation at present. Although T-cell co-signaling fits a valuable niche for translational scientists to manage immunosenescence, future study would benefit from the inclusion of older adults with multiple long-term conditions and polypharmacy, ensuring better applicability to actual patients seen in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rimmer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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3
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Schardt JS, Walseng E, Le K, Yang C, Shah P, Fu Y, Alam K, Kelton CR, Gu Y, Huang F, Lin J, Liu W, Dippel A, Zhang H, Mulgrew K, Pryts S, Chennupati V, Chen HC, Denham J, Chen X, Pradhan P, Wu Y, Hardman C, Zhao C, Kierny M, Song Y, Dovedi SJ, Cemerski S, Mazor Y. IL-2-armored peptide-major histocompatibility class I bispecific antibodies redirect antiviral effector memory CD8+ T cells to induce potent anti-cancer cytotoxic activity with limited cytokine release. MAbs 2024; 16:2395499. [PMID: 39205483 PMCID: PMC11364066 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2395499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell engagers (TCEs) are becoming an integral class of biological therapeutic owing to their highly potent ability to eradicate cancer cells. Nevertheless, the widespread utility of classical CD3-targeted TCEs has been limited by narrow therapeutic index (TI) linked to systemic CD4+ T cell activation and aberrant cytokine release. One attractive approach to circumvent the systemic activation of pan CD3+ T cells and reduce the risk of cytokine release syndrome is to redirect specific subsets of T cells. A promising strategy is the use of peptide-major histocompatibility class I bispecific antibodies (pMHC-IgGs), which have emerged as an intriguing modality of TCE, based on their ability to selectively redirect highly reactive viral-specific effector memory cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to eliminate cancer cells. However, the relatively low frequency of these effector memory cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may hamper their redirection as effector cells for clinical applications. To mitigate this potential limitation, we report here the generation of a pMHC-IgG derivative known as guided-pMHC-staging (GPS) carrying a covalent fusion of a monovalent interleukin-2 (IL-2) mutein (H16A, F42A). Using an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) arm as a proof-of-concept, tumor-associated antigen paired with a single-chain HLA-A *02:01/CMVpp65 pMHC fusion moiety, we demonstrate in vitro that the IL-2-armored GPS modality robustly expands CMVpp65-specific CD8+ effector memory T cells and induces potent cytotoxic activity against target cancer cells. Similar to GPS, IL-2-armored GPS molecules induce modulated T cell activation and reduced cytokine release profile compared to an analogous CD3-targeted TCE. In vivo we show that IL-2-armored GPS, but not the corresponding GPS, effectively expands grafted CMVpp65 CD8+ T cells from unstimulated human PBMCs in an NSG mouse model. Lastly, we demonstrate that the IL-2-armored GPS modality exhibits a favorable developability profile and monoclonal antibody-like pharmacokinetic properties in human neonatal Fc receptor transgenic mice. Overall, IL-2-armored GPS represents an attractive approach for treating cancer with the potential for inducing vaccine-like antiviral T cell expansion, immune cell redirection as a TCE, and significantly widened TI due to reduced cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Schardt
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Even Walseng
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kim Le
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chunning Yang
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Pooja Shah
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ying Fu
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kausar Alam
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Yu Gu
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Fengying Huang
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jia Lin
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Wenhai Liu
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Dippel
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Stacy Pryts
- Oncology ICC, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Hung-Chang Chen
- Data Science and Advanced Analytics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuling Wu
- Oncology ICC, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin Hardman
- Discovery Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences (CPSS), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chihao Zhao
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kierny
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yang Song
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Simon J. Dovedi
- Data Science and Advanced Analytics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Yariv Mazor
- R&D Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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4
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Álvarez-Heredia P, Reina-Alfonso I, Domínguez-del-Castillo JJ, Hassouneh F, Gutiérrez-González C, Batista-Duharte A, Pérez AB, Sarramea F, Jaén-Moreno MJ, Camacho-Rodríguez C, Tarazona R, Solana R, Molina J, Pera A. Spanish HCMV Seroprevalence in the 21st Century. Viruses 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 38275940 PMCID: PMC10819642 DOI: 10.3390/v16010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is linked to age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. It can also cause congenital defects and severe illness in immunocompromised individuals. Accurate HCMV seroprevalence assessment is essential for public health planning and identifying at-risk individuals. This is the first HCMV seroprevalence study conducted in the general Spanish adult population in 30 years. We studied HCMV seroprevalence and HCMV IgG antibody titres in healthy adult donors (HDs) and HCMV-related disease patients from 2010 to 2013 and 2020 to 2023, categorized by sex and age. We compared our data with 1993 and 1999 studies in Spain. The current HCMV seroprevalence among HDs in Spain is 73.48%. In women of childbearing age, HCMV seroprevalence has increased 1.4-fold in the last decade. HCMV-seropositive individuals comprise 89.83% of CVD patients, 69% of SMI patients, and 70.37% of COVID-19 patients. No differences in HCMV seroprevalence or HCMV IgG antibody titres were observed between patients and HDs. A significant reduction in Spanish HCMV seroprevalence among HDs was observed in 1993. However, women of childbearing age have shown an upturn in the last decade that may denote a health risk in newborns and a change in HCMV seroprevalence trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Álvarez-Heredia
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Irene Reina-Alfonso
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - José Joaquín Domínguez-del-Castillo
- Cardiovascular Pathology (GA09), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Fakhri Hassouneh
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez-González
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Ana-Belén Pérez
- Microbiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba/Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC)/CIBERINFEC, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Fernando Sarramea
- Severe Mental Illness-Health Alerts (GA12), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.S.); (M.J.J.-M.); (C.C.-R.)
- Department of Morphological and Socio-Health Sciences, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital/ CIBERSAM, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María José Jaén-Moreno
- Severe Mental Illness-Health Alerts (GA12), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.S.); (M.J.J.-M.); (C.C.-R.)
- Department of Morphological and Socio-Health Sciences, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Camacho-Rodríguez
- Severe Mental Illness-Health Alerts (GA12), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.S.); (M.J.J.-M.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Rafael Solana
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Immunology and Allergy Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Molina
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
- Immunology and Allergy Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Immunology and Allergy Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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5
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Ferreira IATM, Lee CYC, Foster WS, Abdullahi A, Dratva LM, Tuong ZK, Stewart BJ, Ferdinand JR, Guillaume SM, Potts MOP, Perera M, Krishna BA, Peñalver A, Cabantous M, Kemp SA, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Ebrahimi S, Lyons P, Smith KGC, Bradley J, Collier DA, McCoy LE, van der Klaauw A, Thaventhiran JED, Farooqi IS, Teichmann SA, MacAry PA, Doffinger R, Wills MR, Linterman MA, Clatworthy MR, Gupta RK. Atypical B cells and impaired SARS-CoV-2 neutralization following heterologous vaccination in the elderly. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112991. [PMID: 37590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal responses to a primary vaccination course have been reported in the elderly, but there is little information regarding the impact of age on responses to booster third doses. Here, we show that individuals 70 years or older (median age 73, range 70-75) who received a primary two-dose schedule with AZD1222 and booster third dose with mRNA vaccine achieve significantly lower neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus compared with those younger than 70 (median age 66, range 54-69) at 1 month post booster. Impaired neutralization potency and breadth post third dose in the elderly is associated with circulating "atypical" spike-specific B cells expressing CD11c and FCRL5. However, when considering individuals who received three doses of mRNA vaccine, we did not observe differences in neutralization or enrichment in atypical B cells. This work highlights the finding that AdV and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine formats differentially instruct the memory B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin Y C Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - William S Foster
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa M Dratva
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephane M Guillaume
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin O P Potts
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne Perera
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin A Krishna
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mia Cabantous
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Bradley
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Agatha van der Klaauw
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul A MacAry
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Wills
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chen Z, Zhan Q, Huang L, Wang C. Coinfection and superinfection in ICU critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and influenza pneumonia: are the pictures different? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1195048. [PMID: 37711242 PMCID: PMC10497876 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Similar to influenza, coinfections and superinfections are common and might result in poor prognosis. Our study aimed to compare the characteristics and risks of coinfections and superinfections in severe COVID-19 and influenza virus pneumonia. Methods The data of patients with COVID-19 and influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was to describe the prevalence and pathogenic distribution of coinfections/ICU-acquired superinfections in the study population. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the independent risk factors for coinfections/ICU-acquired superinfections at ICU admission. Multivariate analysis of survivors and non-survivors was performed to investigate whether coinfections/ICU-acquired superinfections was an independent prognostic factor. Results In the COVID-19 (n = 123) and influenza (n = 145) cohorts, the incidence of coinfections/ICU-acquired superinfections was 33.3%/43.9 and 35.2%/52.4%, respectively. The most common bacteria identified in coinfection cases were Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii (COVID-19 cohort) and A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (influenza cohort). A significant higher proportion of coinfection events was sustained by Aspergillus spp. [(22/123, 17.9% in COVID-19) and (18/145, 12.4% in influenza)]. The COVID-19 group had more cases of ICU-acquired A. baumannii, Corynebacterium striatum and K. pneumoniae. A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae were the three most prevalent pathogens in the influenza cases with ICU-acquired superinfections. Patients with APACHE II ≥18, CD8+ T cells ≤90/μL, and 50 < age ≤ 70 years were more susceptible to coinfections; while those with CD8+ T cells ≤90/μL, CRP ≥120 mg/L, IL-8 ≥ 20 pg./mL, blood glucose ≥10 mmol/L, hypertension, and smoking might had a higher risk of ICU-acquired superinfections in the COVID-19 group. ICU-acquired superinfection, corticosteroid administration for COVID-19 treatment before ICU admission, and SOFA score ≥ 7 were independent prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 or influenza had a high incidence of coinfections and ICU-acquired superinfections. The represent agents of coinfection in ICU patients were different from those in the general ward. These high-risk patients should be closely monitored and empirically treated with effective antibiotics according to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Chen
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Huang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Smith RE, Choudhary S, Ramirez JA. Ferrets as Models for Viral Respiratory Disease. Comp Med 2023; 73:187-193. [PMID: 37258084 PMCID: PMC10290486 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) have been used in biomedical research to study influenza viruses since the early 20th century. Ferrets have continued to gain importance for the study of viral respiratory disease due to their disease susceptibility and anatomic similarities to humans. Here we review features of ferret biology and management that should be considered when planning to work with this species, particularly in models of respiratory disease. We specifically discuss biosafety and husbandry, clinical and pathologic assessments, and anesthetic considerations for ferrets with respiratory disease and systemic illness. These considerations are important for animal welfare, fidelity of the model to human disease, and ensuring accuracy and reproducibility of acquired data. Finally, we briefly review the use of ferrets to study respiratory diseases by discussing their respiratory anatomy and 2 frequently studied viral respiratory diseases, influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julita A Ramirez
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA;,
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8
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Kabbani D, Yotis DM, Ferreira VH, Shalhoub S, Belga S, Tyagi V, Ierullo M, Kulasingam V, Hébert MJ, West L, Delisle JS, Racine N, De Serres SA, Cardinal H, Dieudé M, Humar A, Kumar D. Immunogenicity, Safety, and Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Multicenter Canadian Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad200. [PMID: 37213422 PMCID: PMC10199121 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite vaccination. Our study aimed to elucidate COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and evaluate adverse events such as hospitalization, rejection, and breakthrough infection in a SOT cohort. Methods We performed a prospective, observational study on 539 adult SOT recipients (age ≥18 years old) recruited from 7 Canadian transplant centers. Demographics including transplant characteristics, vaccine types, and immunosuppression and events such as hospitalization, infection, and rejection were recorded. Follow ups occurred every 4-6 weeks postvaccination and at 6 and 12 months from first dose. Serum was processed from whole blood to measure anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein to assess immunogenicity. Results The COVID-19 vaccines were found to be safe in SOT recipients with low rates of rejection requiring therapy (0.7%). Immunogenicity improved after the third vaccine dose, yet 21% developed no anti-RBD response. Factors such as older age, lung transplantation, chronic kidney disease, and shorter duration from transplant were associated with decreased immunogenicity. Patients with at least 3 doses were protected from hospitalization when experiencing breakthrough infections. Significantly increased anti-RBD levels were observed in patients who received 3 doses and had breakthrough infection. Conclusions Three or four doses of COVID-19 vaccines were safe, increased immunogenicity, and protected against severe disease requiring hospitalization. Infection paired with multiple vaccinations significantly increased anti-RBD response. However, SOT populations should continue to practice infection prevention measures, and they should be prioritized for SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposure prophylactics and early therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Kabbani
- Correspondence: Dima Kabbani, MD, MSc , Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 1-124 Clinical Sciences Building 11304 83 Avenue Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2G3 (). Deepali Kumar, MD, MSc, FRCP(C), FAST, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, 585 University Ave., 11-PMB-174, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 ()
| | - Demitra M Yotis
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victor H Ferreira
- Transplant Infectious Diseases and Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Shalhoub
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Belga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Varalika Tyagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Ierullo
- Transplant Infectious Diseases and Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lori West
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation Program, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemoent, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Normand Racine
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sacha A De Serres
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Héloïse Cardinal
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemoent, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de L’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Transplant Infectious Diseases and Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Correspondence: Dima Kabbani, MD, MSc , Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 1-124 Clinical Sciences Building 11304 83 Avenue Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2G3 (). Deepali Kumar, MD, MSc, FRCP(C), FAST, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, 585 University Ave., 11-PMB-174, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 ()
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9
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Kokkola E, Puhakka L, Saxén H, Nieminen T. Vaccine Responses in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:321-323. [PMID: 36728664 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine responses in 6-year-old children with cCMV and controls. Protective antibody levels and geometric mean concentrations did not differ significantly between the study groups. Therefore, immunizations for children with cCMV should be administrated according to established national schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Kokkola
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Boeira MCDR, Dorneles GP, Junior WF, Peres A. The influence of physical activity level and cytomegalovirus serostatus on the cytokine levels of young individuals. Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:28-33. [PMID: 36996911 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The practice of physical activity (PA) is a non-pharmacological variable that alters the immune response through changes in cytokines and cellular immunity. Inversely latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection prematurely ages the immune system and contributes to the chronic inflammatory condition in several diseases and in aging. This study aimed to compare the association of the PA level and CMV serostatus on whole blood mitogen-stimulated cytokine production of young individuals. The resting blood samples were collected from 100 volunteers of both sexes assigned to one of six groups according to the degree of PA and CMV serostatus: sedentary CMV- (n = 15), moderate physical activity CMV- (moderate PA CMV -, n = 15), high physical activity CMV- (high PA CMV-, n = 15), sedentary CMV+ (n = 20), moderate physical activity CMV + (moderate PA CMV+, n = 20) and high physical activity CMV + (high PA CMV +, n = 20). The collected peripheral blood got diluted in supplemented RPMI-1640 culture medium and incubated for 48 hours with a 2% concentration of phytohemagglutinin at 37ºC and CO2 at 5%. The supernatants were collected and used for the IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ analysis by the ELISA method. The IL-10 concentration was higher in the Moderate PA and High PA groups when compared to the sedentary group, regardless of CMV status. The physically active (moderate and high PA) CMV+ individuals presented lower concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to CMV+ sedentary individuals, and the sedentary CMV+ subjects had a higher concentration of INF-γ compared to Sedentary CMV- subjects (p < 0.05). In summary, it is possible to infer that PA is key to controlling inflammation related to CMV infection. The stimulation of physical exercise is an important factor in controlling many diseases at the populational level.
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11
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Breznik JA, Huynh A, Zhang A, Bilaver L, Bhakta H, Stacey HD, Ang JC, Bramson JL, Nazy I, Miller MS, Denburg J, Costa AP, Bowdish DME. Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity in Older Adults Changes the T Cell Repertoire but Does Not Prevent Antibody or Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1892-1905. [PMID: 36426948 PMCID: PMC9666329 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with human CMV may contribute to poor vaccine efficacy in older adults. We assessed the effects of CMV serostatus on Ab quantity and quality, as well as cellular memory recall responses, after two and three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine doses, in older adults in assisted living facilities. CMV serostatus did not affect anti-Spike and anti-receptor-binding domain IgG Ab levels, nor neutralization capacity against wild-type or β variants of SARS-CoV-2 several months after vaccination. CMV seropositivity altered T cell expression of senescence-associated markers and increased effector memory re-expressing CD45RA T cell numbers, as has been previously reported; however, this did not impact Spike-specific CD4+ T cell memory recall responses. CMV-seropositive individuals did not have a higher incidence of COVID-19, although prior infection influenced humoral immunity. Therefore, CMV seropositivity may alter T cell composition but does not impede the durability of humoral protection or cellular memory responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Breznik
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Huynh
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Zhang
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas Bilaver
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hina Bhakta
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah D Stacey
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jann C Ang
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judah Denburg
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P Costa
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Integrated Care, St. Joseph's Health System, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Distinct immunological and molecular signatures underpinning influenza vaccine responsiveness in the elderly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6894. [PMID: 36371426 PMCID: PMC9653450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza outbreaks, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, represent an important public health problem. Prevailing inadequate efficacy of seasonal vaccines is a crucial bottleneck. Understanding the immunological and molecular mechanisms underpinning differential influenza vaccine responsiveness is essential to improve vaccination strategies. Here we show comprehensive characterization of the immune response of randomly selected elderly participants (≥ 65 years), immunized with the adjuvanted influenza vaccine Fluad. In-depth analyses by serology, multi-parametric flow cytometry, multiplex and transcriptome analysis, coupled to bioinformatics and mathematical modelling, reveal distinguishing immunological and molecular features between responders and non-responders defined by vaccine-induced seroconversion. Non-responders are specifically characterized by multiple suppressive immune mechanisms. The generated comprehensive high dimensional dataset enables the identification of putative mechanisms and nodes responsible for vaccine non-responsiveness independently of confounding age-related effects, with the potential to facilitate development of tailored vaccination strategies for the elderly.
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13
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Kumar M, James MM, Kumawat M, Nabi B, Sharma P, Pal N, Shubham S, Tiwari RR, Sarma DK, Nagpal R. Aging and Microbiome in the Modulation of Vaccine Efficacy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071545. [PMID: 35884849 PMCID: PMC9313064 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
From infancy through to old age, the microbiome plays an important role in modulating the host-immune system. As we age, our immune system and our gut microbiota change significantly in composition and function, which is linked to an increased vulnerability to infectious diseases and a decrease in vaccine responses. Our microbiome remains largely stable throughout adulthood; however, aging causes a major shift in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, as well as a decrease in diversity. Considering the critical role of the gut microbiome in the host-immune system, it is important to address, prevent, and ameliorate age-related dysbiosis, which could be an effective strategy for preventing/restoring functional deficits in immune responses as we grow older. Several factors, such as the host’s genetics and nutritional state, along with the gut microbiome, can influence vaccine efficacy or reaction. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome could be a significant determinant of vaccine immunity. Physiological mechanisms such as senescence, or the steady loss of cellular functions, which affect the aging process and vaccination responses, have yet to be comprehended. Recent studies on several COVID-19 vaccines worldwide have provided a considerable amount of data to support the hypothesis that aging plays a crucial role in modulating COVID-19 vaccination efficacy across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Meenu Mariya James
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Bilkees Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad 211007, India;
| | - Poonam Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Namrata Pal
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Swasti Shubham
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (M.K.); (M.M.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (R.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.S.); (R.N.)
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14
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Weber S, Kehl V, Erber J, Wagner KI, Jetzlsperger AM, Burrell T, Schober K, Schommers P, Augustin M, Crowell CS, Gerhard M, Winter C, Moosmann A, Spinner CD, Protzer U, Hoffmann D, D’Ippolito E, Busch DH. CMV seropositivity is a potential novel risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-geriatric patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268530. [PMID: 35613127 PMCID: PMC9132318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has so far affected more than 250 million individuals worldwide, causing more than 5 million deaths. Several risk factors for severe disease have been identified, most of which coincide with advanced age. In younger individuals, severe COVID-19 often occurs in the absence of obvious comorbidities. Guided by the finding of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells with some cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patient, we decided to investigate whether CMV seropositivity is associated with severe or critical COVID-19. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) serostatus was investigated as control. METHODS National German COVID-19 bio-sample and data banks were used to retrospectively analyze the CMV and HSV serostatus of patients who experienced mild (n = 101), moderate (n = 130) or severe to critical (n = 80) disease by IgG serology. We then investigated the relationship between disease severity and herpesvirus serostatus via statistical models. RESULTS Non-geriatric patients (< 60 years) with severe COVID-19 were found to have a very high prevalence of CMV-seropositivity, while CMV status distribution in individuals with mild disease was similar to the prevalence in the German population; interestingly, this was not detectable in older patients. Prediction models support the hypothesis that the CMV serostatus, unlike HSV, might be a strong biomarker in identifying younger individuals with a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, in particular in absence of other co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS We identified 'CMV-seropositivity' as a potential novel risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-geriatric individuals in the studied cohorts. More mechanistic analyses as well as confirmation of similar findings in cohorts representing the currently most relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants should be performed shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Kehl
- Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Karolin I. Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Teresa Burrell
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Mikrobiologisches Institut–Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schommers
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Augustin
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia S. Crowell
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Winter
- Institute of Clinicl Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D. Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira D’Ippolito
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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McCarthy EE, Odorizzi PM, Lutz E, Smullin CP, Tenvooren I, Stone M, Simmons G, Hunt PW, Feeney ME, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Spitzer MH, Rutishauser RL. A cytotoxic-skewed immune set point predicts low neutralizing antibody levels after Zika virus infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110815. [PMID: 35584677 PMCID: PMC9151348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although generating high neutralizing antibody levels is a key component of protective immunity after acute viral infection or vaccination, little is known about why some individuals generate high versus low neutralizing antibody titers. Here, we leverage the high-dimensional single-cell profiling capacity of mass cytometry to characterize the longitudinal cellular immune response to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in viremic blood donors in Puerto Rico. During acute ZIKV infection, we identify widely coordinated responses across innate and adaptive immune cell lineages. High frequencies of multiple activated cell types during acute infection are associated with high titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-infection, while stable immune features suggesting a cytotoxic-skewed immune set point are associated with low titers. Our study offers insight into the coordination of immune responses and identifies candidate cellular biomarkers that may offer predictive value in vaccine efficacy trials aimed at inducing high levels of antiviral neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E McCarthy
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Emma Lutz
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Carolyn P Smullin
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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16
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Alcendor DJ, Matthews-Juarez P, Smoot D, Hildreth JEK, Lamar K, Tabatabai M, Wilus D, Juarez PD. Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections in the US: Implications for Prolonging the Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:755. [PMID: 35632512 PMCID: PMC9146933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of COVID-19 breakthrough infections-an infection that occurs after you have been vaccinated-has increased in frequency since the Delta and now Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus have become the dominant strains transmitted in the United States (US). Evidence suggests that individuals with breakthrough infections, though rare and expected, may readily transmit COVID-19 to unvaccinated populations, posing a continuing threat to the unvaccinated. Here, we examine factors contributing to breakthrough infections including a poor immune response to the vaccines due to the fact of advanced age and underlying comorbidities, the natural waning of immune protection from the vaccines over time, and viral variants that escape existing immune protection from the vaccines. The rise in breakthrough infections in the US and how they contribute to new infections, specifically among the unvaccinated and individuals with compromised immune systems, will create the need for additional booster vaccinations or development of modified vaccines that directly target current variants circulating among the general population. The need to expedite vaccination among the more than 49.8 million unvaccinated eligible people in the US is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. Alcendor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Hubbard Hospital, 5th Floor, Rm. 5025, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Patricia Matthews-Juarez
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (P.M.-J.); (P.D.J.)
| | - Duane Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - James E. K. Hildreth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Hubbard Hospital, 5th Floor, Rm. 5025, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Kimberly Lamar
- Office of Health Disparities Elimination, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37243, USA;
| | - Mohammad Tabatabai
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (M.T.); (D.W.)
| | - Derek Wilus
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (M.T.); (D.W.)
| | - Paul D. Juarez
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (P.M.-J.); (P.D.J.)
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17
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Salminen A. Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:697-712. [PMID: 35384505 PMCID: PMC8985067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with a remodeling of the immune system involving chronic low-grade inflammation and a gradual decline in the function of the immune system. These processes are also called inflammaging and immunosenescence. The age-related immune remodeling is associated with many clinical changes, e.g., risk for cancers and chronic infections increases, whereas the efficiency of vaccination and immunotherapy declines with aging. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that chronic inflammatory states promote the premature aging process. The inflammation associated with aging or chronic inflammatory conditions stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression which protects tissues from excessive inflammatory injuries but promotes immunosenescence. Immunosuppression is a driving force in tumors and chronic infections and it also induces the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Immunosuppressive cells, e.g., myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and type M2 macrophages, have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and chronic infections as well as in the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Interestingly, there is substantial evidence that inflammaging is also associated with an increased immunosuppressive activity, e.g., upregulation of immunosuppressive cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Given that both the aging and chronic inflammatory states involve the activation of immunosuppression and immunosenescence, this might explain why aging is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory states and conversely, chronic inflammatory insults promote the premature aging process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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18
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Bell MR, Kutzler MA. An old problem with new solutions: Strategies to improve vaccine efficacy in the elderly. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114175. [PMID: 35202770 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective measure to protect against infections. However, with increasing age, there is a progressive decline in the ability of the immune system to both protect against infection and develop protective immunity from vaccination. This age-related decline of the immune system is due to age-related changes in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. With an aging world population and increased risk of pandemics, there is a need to continue to develop strategies to increase vaccine responses in the elderly. Here, the major age-related changes that occur in both the innate and adaptive immune responses that impair the response to vaccination in the elderly will be highlighted. Existing and future strategies to improve vaccine efficacy in the elderly will then be discussed, including adjuvants, delivery methods, and formulation. These strategies provide mechanisms to improve the efficacy of existing vaccines and develop novel vaccines for the elderly.
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19
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Brockman MA, Mwimanzi F, Lapointe HR, Sang Y, Agafitei O, Cheung PK, Ennis S, Ng K, Basra S, Lim LY, Yaseen F, Young L, Umviligihozo G, Omondi FH, Kalikawe R, Burns L, Brumme CJ, Leung V, Montaner JSG, Holmes D, DeMarco ML, Simons J, Pantophlet R, Niikura M, Romney MG, Brumme ZL. Reduced Magnitude and Durability of Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Among Older Adults. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1129-1140. [PMID: 34888688 PMCID: PMC8689804 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude and durability of immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines remain incompletely characterized in the elderly. METHODS Anti-spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) competition, and virus neutralizing activities were assessed in plasma from 151 health care workers and older adults (range, 24-98 years of age) 1 month following the first vaccine dose, and 1 and 3 months following the second dose. RESULTS Older adults exhibited significantly weaker responses than younger health care workers for all humoral measures evaluated and at all time points tested, except for ACE2 competition activity after 1 vaccine dose. Moreover, older age remained independently associated with weaker responses even after correction for sociodemographic factors, chronic health condition burden, and vaccine-related variables. By 3 months after the second dose, all humoral responses had declined significantly in all participants, and remained significantly lower among older adults, who also displayed reduced binding antibodies and ACE2 competition activity towards the Delta variant. CONCLUSIONS Humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are significantly weaker in older adults, and antibody-mediated activities in plasma decline universally over time. Older adults may thus remain at elevated risk of infection despite vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hope R Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Peter K Cheung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Simran Basra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Li Yi Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - F Harrison Omondi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Laura Burns
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chanson J Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julio S G Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Marc G Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
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20
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Sharpe HR, Provine NM, Bowyer GS, Moreira Folegatti P, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Flaxman A, Makinson R, Hill AV, Ewer KJ, Pollard AJ, Klenerman P, Gilbert S, Lambe T. CMV-associated T cell and NK cell terminal differentiation does not affect immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 vaccination. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154187. [PMID: 35192547 PMCID: PMC8986084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a globally ubiquitous pathogen with a seroprevalence of approximately 50% in the United Kingdom. CMV infection induces expansion of immunosenescent T cell and NK cell populations, with these cells demonstrating lower responsiveness to activation and reduced functionality upon infection and vaccination. In this study, we found that CMV+ participants had normal T cell responses after a single-dose or homologous vaccination with the viral vector chimpanzee adenovirus developed by the University of Oxford (ChAdOx1). CMV seropositivity was associated with reduced induction of IFN-γ-secreting T cells in a ChAd-Modified Vaccinia Ankara (ChAd-MVA) viral vector vaccination trial. Analysis of participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 demonstrated that T cells from CMV+ donors had a more terminally differentiated profile of CD57+PD1+CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells expressing less IL-2Rα (CD25) and fewer polyfunctional CD4+ T cells 14 days after vaccination. NK cells from CMV-seropositive individuals also had a reduced activation profile. Overall, our data suggest that although CMV infection enhances immunosenescence of T and NK populations, it does not affect antigen-specific T cell IFN-γ secretion or antibody IgG production after vaccination with the current ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination regimen, which has important implications given the widespread use of this vaccine, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with high CMV seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute and
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Brumme ZL, Mwimanzi F, Lapointe HR, Cheung PK, Sang Y, Duncan MC, Yaseen F, Agafitei O, Ennis S, Ng K, Basra S, Lim LY, Kalikawe R, Speckmaier S, Moran-Garcia N, Young L, Ali H, Ganase B, Umviligihozo G, Omondi FH, Atkinson K, Sudderuddin H, Toy J, Sereda P, Burns L, Costiniuk CT, Cooper C, Anis AH, Leung V, Holmes D, DeMarco ML, Simons J, Hedgcock M, Romney MG, Barrios R, Guillemi S, Brumme CJ, Pantophlet R, Montaner JSG, Niikura M, Harris M, Hull M, Brockman MA. Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:28. [PMID: 35228535 PMCID: PMC8885829 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain incompletely characterized. We measured circulating antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), ACE2 displacement and viral neutralization activities one month following the first and second COVID-19 vaccine doses, and again 3 months following the second dose, in 100 adult PLWH and 152 controls. All PLWH were receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy, with median CD4+ T-cell counts of 710 (IQR 525-935) cells/mm3, though nadir CD4+ T-cell counts ranged as low as <10 cells/mm3. After adjustment for sociodemographic, health and vaccine-related variables, HIV infection was associated with lower anti-RBD antibody concentrations and ACE2 displacement activity after one vaccine dose. Following two doses however, HIV was not significantly associated with the magnitude of any humoral response after multivariable adjustment. Rather, older age, a higher burden of chronic health conditions, and dual ChAdOx1 vaccination were associated with lower responses after two vaccine doses. No significant correlation was observed between recent or nadir CD4+ T-cell counts and responses to two vaccine doses in PLWH. These results indicate that PLWH with well-controlled viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts in a healthy range generally mount strong initial humoral responses to dual COVID-19 vaccination. Factors including age, co-morbidities, vaccine brand, response durability and the rise of new SARS-CoV-2 variants will influence when PLWH will benefit from additional doses. Further studies of PLWH who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment or who have low CD4+ T-cell counts are needed, as are longer-term assessments of response durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hope R Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter K Cheung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Maggie C Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Simran Basra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Li Yi Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hesham Ali
- John Ruedy Clinic, St, Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bruce Ganase
- AIDS Research Program, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - F Harrison Omondi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kieran Atkinson
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hanwei Sudderuddin
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Junine Toy
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul Sereda
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecilia T Costiniuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aslam H Anis
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Marc G Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Silvia Guillemi
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chanson J Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Julio S G Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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22
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Moysi E, Paris RM, Le Grand R, Koup RA, Petrovas C. Human lymph node immune dynamics as driver of vaccine efficacy: an understudied aspect of immune responses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:633-644. [PMID: 35193447 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2045198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last century, changes in hygiene, sanitation, and the advent of childhood vaccination have resulted in profound reductions in mortality from infectious diseases. Despite this success, infectious diseases remain an enigmatic public health threat, where effective vaccines for influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, and malaria, among others remain elusive. AREA COVERED In addition to the immune evasion tactics employed by complex pathogens, our understanding of immunopathogenesis and the development of effective vaccines is also complexified by the inherent variability of human immune responses. Lymph nodes (LNs) are the anatomical sites where B cell responses develop. An important, but understudied component of immune response complexity is variation in LN immune dynamics and in particular variation in germinal center follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and B cells which can be impacted by genetic variation, aging, the microbiome and chronic infection. EXPERT OPINION This review describes the contribution of genetic variation, aging, microbiome and chronic infection on LN immune dynamics and associated Tfh responses and offers perspective on how inclusion of LN immune subset and cytoarchitecture analyses, along with peripheral blood biomarkers can supplement systems vaccinology or immunology approaches for the development of vaccines or other interventions to prevent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Moysi
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Teissier T, Boulanger E, Cox LS. Interconnections between Inflammageing and Immunosenescence during Ageing. Cells 2022; 11:359. [PMID: 35159168 PMCID: PMC8834134 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a physiological response to injury or infection, with a cascade of steps that ultimately lead to the recruitment of immune cells to clear invading pathogens and heal wounds. However, chronic inflammation arising from the continued presence of the initial trigger, or the dysfunction of signalling and/or effector pathways, is harmful to health. While successful ageing in older adults, including centenarians, is associated with low levels of inflammation, elevated inflammation increases the risk of poor health and death. Hence inflammation has been described as one of seven pillars of ageing. Age-associated sterile, chronic, and low-grade inflammation is commonly termed inflammageing-it is not simply a consequence of increasing chronological age, but is also a marker of biological ageing, multimorbidity, and mortality risk. While inflammageing was initially thought to be caused by "continuous antigenic load and stress", reports from the last two decades describe a much more complex phenomenon also involving cellular senescence and the ageing of the immune system. In this review, we explore some of the main sources and consequences of inflammageing in the context of immunosenescence and highlight potential interventions. In particular, we assess the contribution of cellular senescence to age-associated inflammation, identify patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers characteristic of inflammageing, describe alterations in the ageing immune system that lead to elevated inflammation, and finally assess the ways that diet, exercise, and pharmacological interventions can reduce inflammageing and thus, improve later life health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Teissier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
| | - Eric Boulanger
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Lynne S. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
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24
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Felismino ES, Santos JMB, Rossi M, Santos CAF, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Thomazelli LM, Monteiro FR, Sperandio A, Apostólico JS, França CN, Amaral JB, Amirato GR, Vieira RP, Vaisberg M, Bachi ALL. Better Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination in Physically Trained Older Adults Is Associated With Reductions of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Immunoglobulins as Well as Improvements in the Inflammatory and CD8 + T-Cell Profiles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713763. [PMID: 34712226 PMCID: PMC8546344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a trigger factor for the development of immunosenescence and negatively impacts the immune response to influenza virus vaccination (IVV) in older adults. However, the role of physical exercise training in this context is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the regular practice of combined exercise training can improve the specific antibody response to IVV in CMV-seropositive older adults. Eighty older adults were distributed into two groups—non-practitioners (NP, n = 31, age = 74.06 ± 6.4 years) and practitioners of combined exercise training (CET, n = 49, age = 71.7 ± 5.8 years)—for at least 12 months. Both volunteer groups were submitted to IVV and blood samples were collected before (pre) and 30 days after (post) the vaccination. Concerning the specific antibody response to IVV, higher serum levels of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) were found in the CET group post- than pre-vaccination (p < 0.01), whereas higher levels of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) were observed both in the NP (p < 0.05) and CET (p < 0.001) groups post-vaccination as compared to the pre-vaccination values. Serum levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) for IVV and CMV, as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10, were similar between the time points evaluated. However, the IL-10/IL-6 ratio post-vaccination was higher (p < 0.05) in the CET group than that before vaccination. Negative correlations were observed between the specific IgG levels for IVV and CMV only in the CET group, both pre- and post-vaccination. In addition, negative correlations were found between IL-10 and specific IgG for CMV in all volunteer groups pre- and post-vaccination, whereas a positive correlation between IL-10 and specific-IgG for IVV pre- and post-vaccination was observed in the CET group. In addition, with the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, it was found that 32.2% of the NP group and 32.6% of the CET group were responders to IVV and displayed reductions in the CMV serostatus (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and increases in naive and effector CD8+ T cells post-vaccination (p < 0.01). However, only the responders from the CET group showed significant reductions in the ratio of effector to naive CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05) and increased IL-10 levels post-vaccination (p < 0.001). In summary, this study demonstrates that the improvement in the response to IVV in CMV-seropositive older adults was related to an anti-inflammatory status and enhancement of naive CD8+ T cells, particularly associated with regular practice of CET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Felismino
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M B Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Santos
- Department of Medicine, Geriatry, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison L Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle B L Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Thomazelli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Monteiro
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Method Faculty of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S Apostólico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina N França
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas B Amaral
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislene R Amirato
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vaisberg
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L L Bachi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.,Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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25
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Kvistad D, Pallikkuth S, Sirupangi T, Pahwa R, Kizhner A, Petrovas C, Villinger F, Pahwa S. IL-21 enhances influenza vaccine responses in aged macaques with suppressed SIV infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150888. [PMID: 34491910 PMCID: PMC8564910 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural aging and HIV infection are associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, immune senescence, and impaired antibody responses to vaccines such as the influenza (flu) vaccine. We investigated the role of IL-21, a CD4+ T follicular helper cell (Tfh) regulator, on flu vaccine antibody response in nonhuman primates (NHPs) in the context of age and controlled SIV mac239 infection. Three doses of the flu vaccine with or without IL-21–IgFc were administered at 3-month intervals in aged SIV+ NHPs following virus suppression with antiretroviral therapy. IL-21–treated animals demonstrated higher day 14–postboost antibody responses, which associated with expanded CD4+ T central memory cells and peripheral Tfh–expressing (pTfh–expressing) T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), expanded activated memory B cells, and contracted CD11b+ monocytes. Draining lymph node (LN) tissue from IL-21–treated animals revealed direct association between LN follicle Tfh density and frequency of circulating TIGIT+ pTfh cells. We conclude that IL-21 enhances flu vaccine–induced antibody responses in SIV+ aged rhesus macaques (RMs), acting as an adjuvant modulating LN germinal center activity. A strategy to supplement IL-21 in aging could be a valuable addition in the toolbox for improving vaccine responses in an aging HIV+ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kvistad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tirupataiah Sirupangi
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander Kizhner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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26
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Brumme ZL, Mwimanzi F, Lapointe HR, Cheung P, Sang Y, Duncan MC, Yaseen F, Agafitei O, Ennis S, Ng K, Basra S, Lim LY, Kalikawe R, Speckmaier S, Moran-Garcia N, Young L, Ali H, Ganase B, Umviligihozo G, Omondi FH, Atkinson K, Sudderuddin H, Toy J, Sereda P, Burns L, Costiniuk CT, Cooper C, Anis AH, Leung V, Holmes D, DeMarco ML, Simons J, Hedgcock M, Romney MG, Barrios R, Guillemi S, Brumme CJ, Pantophlet R, Montaner JS, Niikura M, Harris M, Hull M, Brockman MA. Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.10.03.21264320. [PMID: 34671779 PMCID: PMC8528088 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.03.21264320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain incompletely understood. We measured circulating antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, ACE2 displacement and live viral neutralization activities one month following the first and second COVID-19 vaccine doses in 100 adult PLWH and 152 controls. All PLWH were receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy, with median CD4+ T-cell counts of 710 (IQR 525-935) cells/mm 3 . Nadir CD4+ T-cell counts ranged as low as <10 (median 280; IQR 120-490) cells/mm 3 . After adjustment for sociodemographic, health and vaccine-related variables, HIV infection was significantly associated with 0.2 log 10 lower anti-RBD antibody concentrations (p=0.03) and ∼11% lower ACE2 displacement activity (p=0.02), but not lower viral neutralization (p=0.1) after one vaccine dose. Following two doses however, HIV was no longer significantly associated with the magnitude of any response measured. Rather, older age, a higher burden of chronic health conditions, and having received two ChAdOx1 doses (versus a heterologous or dual mRNA vaccine regimen) were independently associated with lower responses. After two vaccine doses, no significant correlation was observed between the most recent or nadir CD4+ T-cell counts and vaccine responses in PLWH. These results suggest that PLWH with well-controlled viral loads on antiretroviral therapy and CD4+ T-cell counts in a healthy range will generally not require a third COVID-19 vaccine dose as part of their initial immunization series, though other factors such as older age, co-morbidities, vaccine regimen type, and durability of vaccine responses will influence when this group may benefit from additional doses. Further studies of PLWH who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment and/or who have low CD4+ T-cell counts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hope R. Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Cheung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Maggie C. Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Simran Basra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Li Yi Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hesham Ali
- John Ruedy Clinic, St, Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bruce Ganase
- AIDS Research Program, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - F. Harrison Omondi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kieran Atkinson
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hanwei Sudderuddin
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Junine Toy
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul Sereda
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canadas
| | - Aslam H. Anis
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Marc G. Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Silvia Guillemi
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chanson J. Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Julio S.G. Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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27
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Cross sectional association between cytomegalovirus seropositivity, inflammation and cognitive impairment in elderly cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:81-90. [PMID: 34637066 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The higher prevalence of cognitive impairment/ dementia among cancer survivors is likely multifactorial. Since both exposures to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and inflammation are common among elderly cancer survivors, we evaluated their contribution towards dementia. METHODS Data from 1387 cancer survivors and 7004 participants without cancer in the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was used in this study. Two inflammatory biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were used to create an inflammation score. We used survey logistic regression adjusted for survey design parameters. RESULTS CMV seropositivity was not associated with cognitive impairment among cancer survivors (p = 0.2). In addition, inflammation was associated with elevated odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.2, 4.2]). Cancer survivors who were both CMV seropositive and had increased inflammation had the highest odds of cognitive impairment compared to those who were CMV seronegative and had low inflammation (OR = 3.8, 95% CI [1.5, 9.4]). The stratified analysis among cancer survivors showed this association was seen only among cancer survivors in whom the cancer was diagnosed within three years of measurement of inflammation score and CMV serostatus (OR = 18.5; 95% CI [6.1, 56.1]). CONCLUSION The CMV seropositivity and high inflammation was associated with higher cognitive impairment among cancer survivors. The stronger associations seen among cancer survivors diagnosed within the last three years suggest that strategies to reduce CMV activation and inflammation during or immediately after cancer treatment may be important in reducing the prevalence of cognitive impairment/ dementia among cancer survivors.
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28
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Baroncelli S, Galluzzo CM, Liotta G, Andreotti M, Orlando S, Ciccacci F, Mphwere R, Luhanga R, Sagno JB, Amici R, Marazzi MC, Giuliano M. HIV-exposed infants with EBV infection have a reduced persistence of the immune response to the HBV vaccine. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:48. [PMID: 34348748 PMCID: PMC8336389 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sub-Saharan African countries Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection occurs in early childhood. We aim to investigate the factors associated with EBV acquisition and the impact of EBV infection on the humoral response to HBV vaccination in infants born from HIV-positive, antiretroviral-treated mothers in Malawi. Methods A total of 149 HIV-exposed infants were included in this longitudinal study. EBV anti-VCA IgG were measured using an ELISA assay. The EBV seroconversion was correlated with the maternal viro-immunological conditions, with infant growth and immunological vulnerability, and with the humoral response to the HBV vaccine. Results No infant was EBV-positive at 6 months (n. 52 tested). More than a third of infants (49/115 or 42.6 %) on study beyond 6 months seroconverted at 12 months. At 24 months, out of 66 tested infants, only 13 remained EBV-uninfected, while 53 (80.3 %) acquired EBV infection, rising the total proportion of EBV seroconversion to 88.7 % (102/115 infants). EBV seroconversion was significantly associated with a low maternal educational status but had no impact on infant growth or vulnerability to infections. Reduced HBsAb levels and accelerated waning of antibodies were associated with early EBV seroconversion. Conclusions We found a heterogeneous timing of acquisition of EBV with the majority of infants born from HIV + mothers acquiring infection after 6 months. Anti-HBs levels were lower and appeared to wane faster in infants acquiring EBV infection.
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29
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Collier DA, Ferreira IATM, Kotagiri P, Datir RP, Lim EY, Touizer E, Meng B, Abdullahi A, Elmer A, Kingston N, Graves B, Le Gresley E, Caputo D, Bergamaschi L, Smith KGC, Bradley JR, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Cortes-Acevedo P, Barcenas-Morales G, Linterman MA, McCoy LE, Davis C, Thomson E, Lyons PA, McKinney E, Doffinger R, Wills M, Gupta RK. Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2. Nature 2021; 596:417-422. [PMID: 34192737 PMCID: PMC8373615 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although two-dose mRNA vaccination provides excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2, there is little information about vaccine efficacy against variants of concern (VOC) in individuals above eighty years of age1. Here we analysed immune responses following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine2 in elderly participants and younger healthcare workers. Serum neutralization and levels of binding IgG or IgA after the first vaccine dose were lower in older individuals, with a marked drop in participants over eighty years old. Sera from participants above eighty showed lower neutralization potency against the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and P.1. (Gamma) VOC than against the wild-type virus and were more likely to lack any neutralization against VOC following the first dose. However, following the second dose, neutralization against VOC was detectable regardless of age. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells was higher in elderly responders (whose serum showed neutralization activity) than in non-responders after the first dose. Elderly participants showed a clear reduction in somatic hypermutation of class-switched cells. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 by SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells was lower in older participants, and both cytokines were secreted primarily by CD4 T cells. We conclude that the elderly are a high-risk population and that specific measures to boost vaccine responses in this population are warranted, particularly where variants of concern are circulating.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging/blood
- Aging/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- BNT162 Vaccine
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Health Personnel
- Humans
- Immunity/genetics
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prasanti Kotagiri
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rawlings P Datir
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Y Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Touizer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Elmer
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emma Le Gresley
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniela Caputo
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Davis
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Thomson
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eoin McKinney
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mark Wills
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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30
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Higdon LE, Gustafson CE, Ji X, Sahoo MK, Pinsky BA, Margulies KB, Maecker HT, Goronzy J, Maltzman JS. Association of Premature Immune Aging and Cytomegalovirus After Solid Organ Transplant. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661551. [PMID: 34122420 PMCID: PMC8190404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune function is altered with increasing age. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) accelerates age-related immunological changes resulting in expanded oligoclonal memory CD8 T cell populations with impaired proliferation, signaling, and cytokine production. As a consequence, elderly CMV seropositive (CMV+) individuals have increased mortality and impaired responses to other infections in comparison to seronegative (CMV–) individuals of the same age. CMV is also a significant complication after organ transplantation, and recent studies have shown that CMV-associated expansion of memory T cells is accelerated after transplantation. Thus, we investigated whether immune aging is accelerated post-transplant, using a combination of telomere length, flow cytometry phenotyping, and single cell RNA sequencing. Telomere length decreased slightly in the first year after transplantation in a subset of both CMV+ and CMV– recipients with a strong concordance between CD57+ cells and short telomeres. Phenotypically aged cells increased post-transplant specifically in CMV+ recipients, and clonally expanded T cells were enriched for terminally differentiated cells post-transplant. Overall, these findings demonstrate a pattern of accelerated aging of the CD8 T cell compartment in CMV+ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Higdon
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Claire E Gustafson
- Department of Medicine/Immunology & Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jorg Goronzy
- Department of Medicine/Immunology & Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan S Maltzman
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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31
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Verschoor CP, Haynes L, Pawelec G, Loeb M, Andrew MK, Kuchel GA, McElhaney JE. Key Determinants of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses: A Randomized Trial of High Dose Vs. Standard Dose Split-Virus Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2. [PMID: 35128529 PMCID: PMC8813165 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.649110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Efforts to improve influenza vaccine effectiveness in older adults have resulted in some successes, such as the introduction of high-dose split-virus influenza vaccine (HD-SVV), yet studies of cell-mediated immune responses to these vaccines remain limited. We have shown that granzyme B (GrB) activity in influenza A/H3N2 challenged peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlates with protection against influenza following standard dose vaccination (SD-SVV) in older adults. Further, the interferon-γ (IFNγ) to interleukin-10 (IL-10) ratio can be a correlate of protection. Methods: In a double-blind trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02297542) older adults (≥65 years, n = 582) were randomized to receive SD-SVV or HD-SVV (Fluzone®) from 2014/15 to 2017/18. Young adults (20–40 years, n = 79) received SD-SVV. At 0, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post-vaccination, serum antibody titers, IFNγ, IL-10, and inducible GrB (iGrB) were measured in ex vivo influenza-challenged PBMC. iGrB is defined as the fold change in GrB activity from baseline levels (bGrB) in circulating T cells. Responses of older adults were compared to younger controls, and in older adults, we analyzed effects of age, sex, cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, frailty, and vaccine dose. Results: Prior to vaccination, younger compared to older adults produced significantly higher IFNγ, IL-10, and iGrB levels. Relative to SD-SVV recipients, older HD-SVV recipients exhibited significantly lower IFNγ:IL-10 ratios at 4 weeks post-vaccination. In contrast, IFNγ and iGrB levels were higher in younger SD vs. older SD or HD recipients; only the HD group showed a significant IFNγ response to vaccination compared to the SD groups; all three groups showed a significant iGrB response to vaccination. In a regression analysis, frailty was associated with lower IFNγ levels, whereas female sex and HD-SVV with higher IL-10 levels. Age and SD-SVV were associated with lower iGrB levels. The effect of prior season influenza vaccination was decreased iGrB levels, and increased IFNγ and IL-10 levels, which correlated with influenza A/H3N2 hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers. Conclusion: Overall, HD-SVV amplified the IL-10 response consistent with enhanced antibody responses, with little effect on the iGrB response relative to SD-SVV in either younger or older adults. These results suggest that enhanced protection with HD-SVV is largely antibody-mediated. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02297542).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P. Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Haynes
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa K. Andrew
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Janet E. McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Janet E. McElhaney,
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32
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van den Berg SPH, Lanfermeijer J, Jacobi RHJ, Hendriks M, Vos M, van Schuijlenburg R, Nanlohy NM, Borghans JAM, van Beek J, van Baarle D, de Wit J. Latent CMV Infection Is Associated With Lower Influenza Virus-Specific Memory T-Cell Frequencies, but Not With an Impaired T-Cell Response to Acute Influenza Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663664. [PMID: 34025665 PMCID: PMC8131658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is assumed to contribute to the age-associated decline of the immune system. CMV induces large changes in the T-cell pool and may thereby affect other immune responses. CMV is expected to impact especially older adults, who are already at higher risk of severe disease and hospitalization upon infections such as influenza virus (IAV) infection. Here, we investigated the impact of CMV infection on IAV-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies in healthy individuals (n=96) and the response to IAV infection in older adults (n=72). IAV-specific memory T-cell frequencies were lower in healthy CMV+ older individuals compared to healthy CMV- older individuals. Upon acute IAV infection, CMV serostatus or CMV-specific antibody levels were not negatively associated with IAV-specific T-cell frequencies, function, phenotype or T-cell receptor repertoire diversity. This suggests that specific T-cell responses upon acute IAV infection are not negatively affected by CMV. In addition, we found neither an association between CMV infection and inflammatory cytokine levels in serum during acute IAV infection nor between cytokine levels and the height of the IAV-specific T-cell response upon infection. Finally, CMV infection was not associated with increased severity of influenza-related symptoms. In fact, CMV infection was even associated with increased IAV-specific T-cell responses early upon acute IAV infection. In conclusion, although associated with lower frequencies of memory IAV-specific T cells in healthy individuals, CMV infection does not seem to hamper the induction of a proper T-cell response during acute IAV infection in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P H van den Berg
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Josien Lanfermeijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald H J Jacobi
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marion Hendriks
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Roos van Schuijlenburg
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nening M Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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33
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Brockman MA, Mwimanzi F, Sang Y, Ng K, Agafitei O, Ennis S, Lapointe H, Young L, Umviligihozo G, Burns L, Brumme C, Leung V, Montaner JS, Holmes D, DeMarco M, Simons J, Niikura M, Pantophlet R, Romney MG, Brumme ZL. Weak humoral immune reactivity among residents of long-term care facilities following one dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.17.21253773. [PMID: 33791737 PMCID: PMC8010769 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.17.21253773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Several Canadian provinces are extending the interval between COVID-19 vaccine doses to increase population vaccine coverage more rapidly. However, immunogenicity of these vaccines after one dose is incompletely characterized, particularly among the elderly, who are at greatest risk of severe COVID-19. Methods We assessed SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses pre-vaccine and one month following the first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, in 12 COVID-19 seronegative residents of long-term care facilities (median age, 82 years), 18 seronegative healthcare workers (HCW; median age, 36 years) and 4 convalescent HCW. Total antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike protein receptor binding domain (S/RBD) were assessed using commercial immunoassays. We quantified IgG and IgM responses to S/RBD and determined the ability of antibodies to block S/RBD binding to ACE2 receptor using ELISA. Neutralizing antibody activity was also assessed using pseudovirus and live SARS-CoV-2. Results After one vaccine dose, binding antibodies against S/RBD were ~4-fold lower in residents compared to HCW (p<0.001). Inhibition of ACE2 binding was 3-fold lower in residents compared to HCW (p=0.01) and pseudovirus neutralizing activity was 2-fold lower (p=0.003). While six (33%) seronegative HCW neutralized live SARS-CoV-2, only one (8%) resident did (p=0.19). In contrast, convalescent HCW displayed 7- to 20-fold higher levels of binding antibodies and substantial ability to neutralize live virus after one dose. Interpretation Extending the interval between COVID-19 vaccine doses may pose a risk to the elderly due to lower vaccine immunogenicity in this group. We recommend that second doses not be delayed in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Hope Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | | | - Laura Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Chanson Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Julio S.G. Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Mari DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Masa Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Marc G. Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver BC, Canada
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34
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Gramacki A, Zembron-Lacny A. Lifestyle exercise attenuates immunosenescence; flow cytometry analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33752623 PMCID: PMC7986285 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. Daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescence. Methods Ninety-nine older adults (60–90 years) were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n = 34) and inactive (n = 20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive participants was performed using eight-parameter flow cytometry. Results Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T lymphocytes showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active participants demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5 contrary to the inactive group who showed the ratio < 1. The older adults with the result of 6WMT > 1.3 m/s and VO2max > 35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocyte percentage and also a higher ratio of CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+CD45RO+. Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n = 30) the count of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n = 20). Conclusion Based on the flow cytometry analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naïve T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Artur Gramacki
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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35
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Söderberg-Nauclér C. Does reactivation of cytomegalovirus contribute to severe COVID-19 disease? IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:12. [PMID: 33712035 PMCID: PMC7952506 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild to moderate symptoms. However, for unknown reasons, about 15 % have severe pneumonia requiring hospital care and oxygen support, and about 5 % develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multiorgan failure that result in a high mortality rate. The risk of severe COVID-19 is highest among those who are over 70 years of age. Why severe COVID-19 develops in some people but not others is not understood. Could some cases involve reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Bioclinicum, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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36
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The impact of immuno-aging on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. GeroScience 2021; 43:31-51. [PMID: 33569701 PMCID: PMC7875765 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has almost 56 million confirmed cases resulting in over 1.3 million deaths as of November 2020. This infection has proved more deadly to older adults (those >65 years of age) and those with immunocompromising conditions. The worldwide population aged 65 years and older is increasing, and the total number of aged individuals will outnumber those younger than 65 years by the year 2050. Aging is associated with a decline in immune function and chronic activation of inflammation that contributes to enhanced viral susceptibility and reduced responses to vaccination. Here we briefly review the pathogenicity of the virus, epidemiology and clinical response, and the underlying mechanisms of human aging in improving vaccination. We review current methods to improve vaccination in the older adults using novel vaccine platforms and adjuvant systems. We conclude by summarizing the existing clinical trials for a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and discussing how to address the unique challenges for vaccine development presented with an aging immune system.
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37
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Connors J, Haddad EK, Petrovas C. Aging alters immune responses to vaccines. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1568-1570. [PMID: 33510048 PMCID: PMC7880345 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Connors
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19320, USA.,Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19320, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19320, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Clark BL, Thomas PG. A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8903. [PMID: 33255339 PMCID: PMC7727649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human immune system is exacerbated by age-related changes to immune cell functionality. Many of these age-related effects remain undescribed or driven by mechanisms that are poorly understood. γδ T cells, while considered an adaptive subset based on immunological ontogeny, retain both innate-like and adaptive-like characteristics. This T cell population is small but mighty, and has been implicated in both homeostatic and disease-induced immunity within tissues and throughout the periphery. In this review, we outline what is known about the effect of age on human peripheral γδ T cells, and call attention to areas of the field where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Clark
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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39
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Batista MA, Calvo-Fortes F, Silveira-Nunes G, Camatta GC, Speziali E, Turroni S, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Neretti N, Maioli TU, Santos RR, Brigidi P, Franceschi C, Faria AMC. Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579972. [PMID: 33262758 PMCID: PMC7688519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is marked by a systemic process named inflammaging along with a series of defects in the immunological activity that results in poor responses to infectious agents and to vaccination. Inflammaging, a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, usually leads to chronic inflammatory diseases and frailty in the elderly. However, some elderly escape from frailty and reach advanced age free of the consequences of inflammaging. This process has been called immunological remodeling, and it is the hallmark of healthy aging as described in the studies of centenarians in Italy. The biological markers of healthy aging are still a matter of debate, and the studies on the topic have focused on inflammatory versus remodeling processes and molecules. The sub-clinical inflammatory status associated with aging might be a deleterious event for populations living in countries where chronic infectious diseases are not prevalent. Nevertheless, in other parts of the world where they are, two possibilities may occur. Inflammatory responses may have a protective effect against these infectious agents. At the same time, the long-term consequences of protective immune responses during chronic infections may result in accelerated immunosenescence in these individuals. Therefore, the biological markers of healthy aging can vary according to environmental, cultural, and geographical settings that reflect worldwide, and in a non-biased, non-westernized perspective, the changes that we experience regarding our contacts with microorganisms and the outcomes of such contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andrade Batista
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Calvo-Fortes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Caliman Camatta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Speziali
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Neretti
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Center for Biophysics, Bioinformatics, Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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40
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Bischof N, Wehmeier C, Dickenmann M, Hirt-Minkowski P, Amico P, Steiger J, Naegele K, Hirsch HH, Schaub S. Revisiting cytomegalovirus serostatus and replication as risk factors for inferior long-term outcomes in the current era of renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:346-356. [PMID: 31943075 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and CMV replication are considered as risk factors for inferior graft and patient survival after renal transplantation, but long-term outcome data are limited. The aim of this retrospective single-centre study was to investigate the impact of CMV serostatus and CMV replication/disease on long-term outcomes in a well-defined cohort managed by a standardized CMV prevention/treatment protocol. METHODS We investigated 599 consecutive kidney transplantations having a CMV prevention protocol consisting of either prophylaxis (D+/R- and R+ with ATG induction) or screening/deferred therapy (R+ without ATG induction). Patients were grouped according to CMV serostatus [high risk (D+/R-): n = 122; intermediate risk (R+): n = 306; low risk (D-/R-): n = 171] and occurrence of CMV replication/disease (no CMV replication: n = 419; asymptomatic CMV replication: n = 110; CMV syndrome: n = 39; tissue-invasive CMV disease: n = 31). The median follow-up time was 6.5 years. RESULTS Graft and patient survival were not different among the three CMV serostatus groups as well as the four CMV replication/disease groups (P ≥ 0.44). Eighty-seven patients died, 17 due to infections (21%), but none was attributable to CMV. The overall hospitalization incidence for CMV-related infection was 3% (17/599 patients). The incidence of clinical and (sub)clinical rejection was similar among the groups (P ≥ 0.17). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, neither CMV serostatus, nor CMV replication, nor CMV disease were independent predictors for patient death or graft failure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the negative impact of CMV infection on long-term patient and allograft survival as well as on allograft rejection can be largely eliminated with current diagnostic/therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bischof
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Wehmeier
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dickenmann
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Hirt-Minkowski
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Amico
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Steiger
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transplantation Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Naegele
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine (Haus Petersplatz), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schaub
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transplantation Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,HLA-Diagnostic and Immunogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Rozhnova G, E Kretzschmar M, van der Klis F, van Baarle D, Korndewal M, C Vossen A, van Boven M. Short- and long-term impact of vaccination against cytomegalovirus: a modeling study. BMC Med 2020; 18:174. [PMID: 32611419 PMCID: PMC7331215 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is highly prevalent worldwide and can cause severe disease in immunocompromised persons and congenitally infected infants. The disease burden caused by congenital CMV infection is high, especially in resource-limited countries. Vaccines are currently under development for various target groups. METHODS We evaluated the impact of vaccination strategies and hygiene intervention using transmission models. Model parameters were estimated from a cross-sectional serological population study (n=5179) and a retrospective birth cohort (n=31,484), providing information on the age- and sex-specific CMV prevalence and on the birth prevalence of congenital CMV (cCMV). RESULTS The analyses show that vertical transmission and infectious reactivation are the main drivers of transmission. Vaccination strategies aimed at reducing transmission from mother to child (vaccinating pregnant women or women of reproductive age) can yield substantial reductions of cCMV in 20 years (31.7-71.4% if 70% of women are effectively vaccinated). Alternatively, hygiene intervention aimed at preventing CMV infection and re-infection of women of reproductive age from young children is expected to reduce cCMV by less than 2%. The effects of large-scale vaccination on CMV prevalence can be substantial, owing to the moderate transmissibility of CMV at the population level. However, as CMV causes lifelong infection, the timescale on which reductions in CMV prevalence are expected is in the order of several decades. Elimination of CMV infection in the long run is only feasible for a vaccine with a long duration of protection and high vaccination coverage. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination is an effective intervention to reduce the birth prevalence of cCMV. Population-level reductions in CMV prevalence can only be achieved on a long timescale. Our results stress the value of vaccinating pregnant women and women of childbearing age and provide support for the development of CMV vaccines and early planning of vaccination scenarios and rollouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Rozhnova
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam E Kretzschmar
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona van der Klis
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Korndewal
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ann C Vossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Boven
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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42
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Loeb N, Andrew MK, Loeb M, Kuchel GA, Haynes L, McElhaney JE, Verschoor CP. Frailty Is Associated With Increased Hemagglutination-Inhibition Titers in a 4-Year Randomized Trial Comparing Standard- and High-Dose Influenza Vaccination. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa148. [PMID: 32500087 PMCID: PMC7255647 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although high-dose (HD) vaccines have been reported to stimulate higher antibody responses compared with standard-dose (SD) influenza vaccines, there have been limited studies on the impact of frailty on such responses. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial (2014/2015 to 2017/2018) of SD versus HD trivalent split-virus vaccine (Fluzone) in 612 study participants aged 65+ over 4 influenza seasons. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers for influenza H1N1, H3N2, and B vaccine subtypes were measured at baseline and at 4, 10, and 20 weeks postvaccination and frailty was measured using a validated frailty index. Results Geometric mean antibody titers were significantly higher in HD compared with SD vaccine recipients for all influenza subtypes at all time points postvaccination. However, frailty was positively correlated with 4-week titers and was associated with increased odds of being a vaccine responder. For influenza A subtypes, this was mostly limited to HD recipients. Conclusions Frailty was associated with higher titers and increased antibody responses at 4 weeks after influenza vaccination, which was partially dependent on vaccine dosage. Chronic inflammation or dysregulated immunity, both of which are commonly observed with frailty, may be responsible, but it requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Loeb
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa K Andrew
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura Haynes
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Janet E McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Elevated Autotaxin and LPA Levels During Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associate with Systemic Immune Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121867. [PMID: 31769428 PMCID: PMC6966516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating autotaxin (ATX) is elevated in persons with liver disease, particularly in the setting of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV/HIV infection. It is thought that plasma ATX levels are, in part, attributable to impaired liver clearance that is secondary to fibrotic liver disease. In a discovery data set, we identified plasma ATX to be associated with parameters of systemic immune activation during chronic HCV and HCV/HIV infection. We and others have observed a partial normalization of ATX levels within months of starting interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) HCV therapy, consistent with a non-fibrotic liver disease contribution to elevated ATX levels, or HCV-mediated hepatocyte activation. Relationships between ATX, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and parameters of systemic immune activation will be discussed in the context of HCV infection, age, immune health, liver health, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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44
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Dhakal S, Klein SL. Host Factors Impact Vaccine Efficacy: Implications for Seasonal and Universal Influenza Vaccine Programs. J Virol 2019; 93:e00797-19. [PMID: 31391269 PMCID: PMC6803252 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00797-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a global public health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines have highly variable efficacy, and thus attempts to develop broadly protective universal influenza vaccines with durable protection are under way. While much attention is given to the virus-related factors contributing to inconsistent vaccine responses, host-associated factors are often neglected. Growing evidences suggest that host factors including age, biological sex, pregnancy, and immune history play important roles as modifiers of influenza virus vaccine efficacy. We hypothesize that host genetics, the hormonal milieu, and gut microbiota contribute to host-related differences in influenza virus vaccine efficacy. This review highlights the current insights and future perspectives into host-specific factors that impact influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection. Consideration of the host factors that affect influenza vaccine-induced immunity might improve influenza vaccines by providing empirical evidence for optimizing or even personalizing vaccine type, dose, and use of adjuvants for current seasonal and future universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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45
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Host Factors Impact Vaccine Efficacy: Implications for Seasonal and Universal Influenza Vaccine Programs. J Virol 2019. [PMID: 31391269 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00797‐19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a global public health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines have highly variable efficacy, and thus attempts to develop broadly protective universal influenza vaccines with durable protection are under way. While much attention is given to the virus-related factors contributing to inconsistent vaccine responses, host-associated factors are often neglected. Growing evidences suggest that host factors including age, biological sex, pregnancy, and immune history play important roles as modifiers of influenza virus vaccine efficacy. We hypothesize that host genetics, the hormonal milieu, and gut microbiota contribute to host-related differences in influenza virus vaccine efficacy. This review highlights the current insights and future perspectives into host-specific factors that impact influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection. Consideration of the host factors that affect influenza vaccine-induced immunity might improve influenza vaccines by providing empirical evidence for optimizing or even personalizing vaccine type, dose, and use of adjuvants for current seasonal and future universal influenza vaccines.
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46
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Coll PP, Costello VW, Kuchel GA, Bartley J, McElhaney JE. The Prevention of Infections in Older Adults: Vaccination. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 68:207-214. [PMID: 31613000 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All living beings are at risk for experiencing infections; humans are no exception. The prestige and credibility of modern medicine is built in large part on achievements in preventing and treating infectious diseases. For most of human history, there was little that could be done to prevent and treat infections. Millions of humans, of all ages, have died from infections; and in some parts of the world, infection-related deaths remain common. Advances in preventing and treating infectious diseases include improved sanitization, sterilization, pasteurization, immunization, and antibiotics. Vaccination has played a major role in the prevention of lethal diseases, such as smallpox, diphtheria, cholera, and influenza. Because of developing or waning immune function, the young and the old are at particularly high risk of experiencing infections. Influenza and pneumonia remain common causes of death in older adults. Influenza, in particular, has the potential to result in premature mortality for all age groups, including those who are older and particularly those who live in congregate settings. Vaccination is important in promoting healthy aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:207-214, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Coll
- Department of Family Medicine and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Victoria W Costello
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - George A Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jenna Bartley
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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47
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van den Berg SPH, Warmink K, Borghans JAM, Knol MJ, van Baarle D. Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:305-321. [PMID: 30949763 PMCID: PMC6647367 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Latent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is thought to accelerate aging of the immune system. With age, influenza vaccine responses are impaired. Although several studies investigated the effect of CMV infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccination, this led to contradicting conclusions. Therefore, we investigated the relation between CMV infection and the antibody response to influenza vaccination by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies on the antibody response to influenza vaccination in association with CMV infection were included (n = 17). The following outcome variables were extracted: (a) the geometric mean titer pre-/post-vaccination ratio (GMR) per CMV serostatus group, and in addition (b) the percentage of subjects with a response per CMV serostatus group and (c) the association between influenza- and CMV-specific antibody titers. The influenza-specific GMR revealed no clear evidence for an effect of CMV seropositivity on the influenza vaccine response in young or old individuals. Meta-analysis of the response rate to influenza vaccination showed a non-significant trend towards a negative effect of CMV seropositivity. However, funnel plot analysis suggests that this is a consequence of publication bias. A weak negative association between CMV antibody titers and influenza antibody titers was reported in several studies, but associations could not be analyzed systematically due to the variety of outcome variables. In conclusion, by systematically integrating the available studies, we show that there is no unequivocal evidence that latent CMV infection affects the influenza antibody response to vaccination. Further studies, including the level of CMV antibodies, are required to settle on the potential influence of latent CMV infection on the influenza vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P H van den Berg
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Warmink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J A M Borghans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - D van Baarle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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48
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Effect of homeostatic T-cell proliferation in the vaccine responsiveness against influenza in elderly people. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:14. [PMID: 31312227 PMCID: PMC6612162 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza virus infection is a significant cause of morbimortality in the elderly. However, there is poor vaccine efficacy in this population due to immunosenescence. We aimed to explore several homeostatic parameters in the elderly that could impact influenza vaccine responsiveness. Methods Subjects (> 60 years old) who were vaccinated against influenza virus were included, and the vaccine response was measured by a haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. At baseline, peripheral CD4 and CD8 T-cells were phenotypically characterized. Thymic function and the levels of different inflammation-related biomarkers, including Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) and anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibodies, were also measured. Results Influenza vaccine non-responders showed a tendency of higher frequency of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) before vaccination than responders (1.49 [1.08–1.85] vs. 1.12 [0.94–1.63], respectively, p = 0.061), as well as higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in Tregs and different CD4 and CD8 T-cell maturational subsets. The levels of inflammation-related biomarkers correlated with the frequencies of different proliferating T-cell subsets and with thymic function (e.g., thymic function with D-dimers, r = − 0.442, p = 0.001). Conclusions Age-related homeostatic dysregulation involving the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets, including Tregs, was related to a limited responsiveness to influenza vaccination and a higher inflammatory status in a cohort of elderly people. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12979-019-0154-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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49
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Moss P. 'From immunosenescence to immune modulation': a re-appraisal of the role of cytomegalovirus as major regulator of human immune function. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:271-280. [PMID: 31053999 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the year 2000, cytomegalovirus was identified as a risk factor for mortality in a seminal study of octogenarian residents in Sweden. This finding triggered a wave of additional epidemiological investigations, some of which supported this association whilst others observed no such effect. In addition, this increased risk of death in CMV-seropositive people was correlated with observed changes within the T-cell repertoire such that accelerated 'immunosenescence' became a de facto explanation, without strong evidence to this effect. Recent years have seen a re-appraisal of these findings. Interestingly, many studies show that cytomegalovirus acts to improve immune function, most clearly in younger donors. In addition, the excess mortality in older people that is observed in CMV-seropositive cohorts appears to be related primarily to an excess of vascular disease rather than impairment of immune function. CMV is an important member of the natural 'virome' of Homo sapiens and has an important, and generally positive, modulatory influence on human immune function throughout most of life. However, within certain populations, this influence can become negative and age, co-morbidity and environment all act as determinants of this effect. As such, it is important that new interventions are developed that can mitigate the damaging influence of CMV on human health in populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moss
- Haematology, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TA, UK.
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50
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Pallikkuth S, de Armas LR, Rinaldi S, George VK, Pan L, Arheart KL, Pahwa R, Pahwa S. Dysfunctional peripheral T follicular helper cells dominate in people with impaired influenza vaccine responses: Results from the FLORAH study. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000257. [PMID: 31100059 PMCID: PMC6542545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-primed cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells interact with B cells in the germinal centers (GCs) of lymph nodes to generate vaccine-induced antibody (Ab) responses. In the circulation, peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cells, a subset of memory CD4 T cells, serve as surrogates for GC Tfh because of several functional and phenotypic similarities between them. We investigated features of H1N1 influenza antigen-specific pTfh (Ag.pTfh) in virologically controlled HIV+ volunteers on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and healthy control (HC) participants selected from a seasonal influenza vaccine responsiveness study. Selection of the participants was made based on age, defined as young (18-40 y) and old (>60 y) and on their classification as a vaccine responder (VR) or vaccine nonresponder (VNR). VRs demonstrated expansion of CD40L+ and CD69+ Ag.pTfh, with induction of intracellular interleukin 21 (IL-21) and inducible costimulator (ICOS) post vaccination; these responses were strongest in young HC VRs and were less prominent in HIV+ individuals of all ages. Ag.pTfh in VNRs exhibited dramatically different characteristics from VRs, displaying an altered phenotype and a cytokine profile dominated by cytokines IL-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or IL-17 but lacking in IL-21. In coculture experiments, sorted pTfh did not support the B cell IgG production in VNRs and were predominantly an inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 17 (Th17) phenotype with lower ICOS and higher programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) expression. Induction of IL-21 and ICOS on Ag.pTfh cells are negatively affected by both aging and HIV infection. Our findings demonstrate that dysfunctional Ag.pTfh cells with an altered IL-21/IL-2 axis contribute to inadequate vaccine responses. Approaches for targeting inflammation or expanding functional Tfh may improve vaccine responses in healthy aging and those aging with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lesley R. de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Varghese K. George
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kristopher L. Arheart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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