1
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Yurdakos O, Cihanbegendi O. System Design Based on Biological Olfaction for Meat Analysis Using E-Nose Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33183-33192. [PMID: 39100294 PMCID: PMC11292806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The deterioration of food, especially in meat products, can lead to serious health problems. Even with modern preservation technologies, a significant amount of food is lost due to microbial deterioration. As the very first step of the preservation process, the microflora that grows during the storage time and in spoiling foods should be well-known to identify critical levels. Electronic nose and gas chromatography analysis systems can provide sensitive and promising results. Similarly, bacterial analysis is an important process for determining bacterial groups that result in the emergence of such gases in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis during the degradation time. This study aims to determine the degradation levels for some meat types under different environmental conditions, such as temperature and duration, to compare with other measurement techniques for evaluating the verification of data. E-nose device, developed in this study, can detect carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), ethanol (C2H5OH), and ammonia (NH3) using metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors. In order to test sensory measurements during this period, GC-MS and microbial measurements were used. E-nose measurements show that the results are in accord with each other. This system can easily be made portable, occupying very little space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozge Cihanbegendi
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, 35210 Izmır, Turkiye
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2
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Petrov VV, Ignatieva IO, Volkova MG, Gulyaeva IA, Pankov IV, Bayan EM. Polycrystalline Transparent Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films for Photosensitivity and Optoelectronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2348. [PMID: 37630933 PMCID: PMC10458555 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Thin nanocrystalline transparent Al-doped ZnO (1-10 at.% Al) films were synthesized by solid-phase pyrolysis at 700 °C. Synthesized Al-doped ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). All obtained materials were crystallized into the wurtzite structure, which was confirmed by XRD. The material crystallinity decreases with the introduction of aluminum. SEM and TEM showed that the films are continuous and have a uniform distribution of nanoparticles with an average size of 15-20 nm. TEM confirmed the production of Al-doped ZnO films. The transmittance of Al-doped ZnO films in the range of 400-1000 nm is more than 94%. The introduction of 1% Al into ZnO leads to a narrowing of the band gap compared to ZnO to a minimum value of 3.26 eV and a sharp decrease in the response time to the radiation exposure with a wavelength of 400 nm. An increase in aluminum concentration leads to a slight increase in the band gap, which is associated with the Burstein-Moss effect. The minimum response time (8 s) was shown for film containing 10% Al, which is explained by the shortest average lifetime of charge carriers (4 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Petrov
- Institute of Nanotechnologies, Electronics, and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, Taganrog 347922, Russia; (M.G.V.); (I.A.G.)
| | - Irina O. Ignatieva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (I.O.I.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Maria G. Volkova
- Institute of Nanotechnologies, Electronics, and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, Taganrog 347922, Russia; (M.G.V.); (I.A.G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (I.O.I.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Irina A. Gulyaeva
- Institute of Nanotechnologies, Electronics, and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, Taganrog 347922, Russia; (M.G.V.); (I.A.G.)
| | - Ilya V. Pankov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina M. Bayan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (I.O.I.); (E.M.B.)
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3
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Dalis C, Mesfin FM, Manohar K, Liu J, Shelley WC, Brokaw JP, Markel TA. Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1822. [PMID: 37512994 PMCID: PMC10385474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have a high prevalence throughout the United States. Screening and diagnostic modalities are often expensive and invasive, and therefore, people do not utilize them effectively. Lack of proper screening and diagnostic assessment may lead to delays in diagnosis, more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Research on the intestinal microbiome has demonstrated that dysbiosis, or unfavorable alteration of organismal composition, precedes the onset of clinical symptoms for various GI diseases. GI disease diagnostic research has led to a shift towards non-invasive methods for GI screening, including chemical-detection tests that measure changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the byproducts of bacterial metabolism that result in the distinct smell of stool. Many of these tools are expensive, immobile benchtop instruments that require highly trained individuals to interpret the results. These attributes make them difficult to implement in clinical settings. Alternatively, electronic noses (E-noses) are relatively cheaper, handheld devices that utilize multi-sensor arrays and pattern recognition technology to analyze VOCs. The purpose of this review is to (1) highlight how dysbiosis impacts intestinal diseases and how VOC metabolites can be utilized to detect alterations in the microbiome, (2) summarize the available VOC analytical platforms that can be used to detect aberrancies in intestinal health, (3) define the current technological advancements and limitations of E-nose technology, and finally, (4) review the literature surrounding several intestinal diseases in which headspace VOCs can be used to detect or predict disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costa Dalis
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fikir M Mesfin
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - W Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John P Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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4
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Peters R, Beijer N, 't Hul BV, Bruijns B, Munniks S, Knotter J. Evaluation of a Commercial Electronic Nose Based on Carbon Nanotube Chemiresistors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115302. [PMID: 37300031 DOI: 10.3390/s23115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently a hand-held, carbon-nanotube-based electronic nose became available on the market. Such an electronic nose could be interesting for applications in the food industry, health monitoring, environmental monitoring, and security services. However, not much is known about the performance of such an electronic nose. In a series of measurements, the instrument was exposed to low ppm vapor concentrations of four volatile organic compounds with different scent profiles and polarities. Detection limits, linearity of response, repeatability, reproducibility, and scent patterns were determined. The results indicate detection limits in the range of 0.1-0.5 ppm and a linear signal response in the range of 0.5-8.0 ppm. The repeatability of the scent patterns at compound concentrations of 2 ppm allowed the identification of the tested volatiles based on their scent pattern. However, the reproducibility was not sufficient, since different scent profiles were produced on different measurement days. In addition, it was noted that the response of the instrument diminished over time (over several months) possibly by sensor poisoning. The latter two aspects limit the use of the current instrument and make future improvements necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Peters
- Lectorate Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Beijer
- Lectorate Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke van 't Hul
- Academy of Applied Biosciences and Chemistry, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Laan van Scheut 2, 6525 EM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Bruijns
- Lectorate Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Munniks
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Knotter
- Lectorate Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, The Netherlands
- Dutch Police Academy, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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5
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Kumar A, Castro M, Feller JF. Review on Sensor Array-Based Analytical Technologies for Quality Control of Food and Beverages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4017. [PMID: 37112358 PMCID: PMC10141392 DOI: 10.3390/s23084017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Food quality control is an important area to address, as it directly impacts the health of the whole population. To evaluate the food authenticity and quality, the organoleptic feature of the food aroma is very important, such that the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is unique in each aroma, providing a basis to predict the food quality. Different types of analytical approaches have been used to assess the VOC biomarkers and other parameters in the food. The conventional approaches are based on targeted analyses using chromatography and spectroscopies coupled with chemometrics, which are highly sensitive, selective, and accurate to predict food authenticity, ageing, and geographical origin. However, these methods require passive sampling, are expensive, time-consuming, and lack real-time measurements. Alternately, gas sensor-based devices, such as the electronic nose (e-nose), bring a potential solution for the existing limitations of conventional methods, offering a real-time and cheaper point-of-care analysis of food quality assessment. Currently, research advancement in this field involves mainly metal oxide semiconductor-based chemiresistive gas sensors, which are highly sensitive, partially selective, have a short response time, and utilize diverse pattern recognition methods for the classification and identification of biomarkers. Further research interests are emerging in the use of organic nanomaterials in e-noses, which are cheaper and operable at room temperature.
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6
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Song SY, Ahn MS, Mekapogu M, Jung JA, Song HY, Lim SH, Jin JS, Kwon OK. Analysis of Floral Scent and Volatile Profiles of Different Aster Species by E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040503. [PMID: 37110161 PMCID: PMC10141722 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Aster species are known to be a rich source of bioactive chemical compositions and are popularly known for their medicinal properties. To investigate the relationship between the nine species of Aster, the floral fragrance and volatile profile patterns were characterized using E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Initial optimization for fragrance analysis was performed with Aster yomena using E-nose by evaluating the scent patterns in different flowering stages. Aster yomena exhibited varied scent patterns in each flowering stage, with the highest relative aroma intensity (RAI) in the full flowering stage. PCA analysis to compare and analyze the scent characteristics of nine Aster species, showed a species-specific classification. HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of flowers from nine Aster species revealed 52 volatile compounds including β-myrcene, α-phellandrene, D-limonene, trans-β-ocimene, caryophyllene, and β-cadinene. The terpenoid compounds accounted for the largest proportion. Among the nine Aster species flowers, Aster koraiensis had sesquiterpenes as the major component, and the remaining eight varieties had monoterpenes in abundance. These results could distinguish the species according to the scent patterns and volatile components of the nine Aster species. Additionally, flower extracts from the Aster species’ plants exhibited radical scavenging antioxidant activity. Among them, it was confirmed that Aster pseudoglehnii, Aster maackii, and Aster arenarius had high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the results of this study provide fundamental data of the volatile compound properties and antioxidant activity of Aster species, offering basic information of valuable natural sources that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical, perfume, and cosmetic industries.
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7
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Oosthuizen DN, Weber IC. A Strategy to Enhance Humidity Robustness of p‐Type CuO Sensors for Breath Acetone Quantification. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dina N. Oosthuizen
- Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ines C. Weber
- Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition University Hospital Zurich CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland
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8
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Huo D, Zhang J, Dai X, Zhang P, Zhang S, Yang X, Wang J, Liu M, Sun X, Chen H. A Bio-Inspired Spiking Neural Network with Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Gas Recognition. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2433. [PMID: 36904636 PMCID: PMC10006916 DOI: 10.3390/s23052433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity and selectivity profiles of gas sensors are always changed by sensor drifting, sensor aging, and the surroundings (e.g., temperature and humidity changes), which lead to a serious decline in gas recognition accuracy or even invalidation. To address this issue, the practical solution is to retrain the network to maintain performance, leveraging its rapid, incremental online learning capacity. In this paper, we develop a bio-inspired spiking neural network (SNN) to recognize nine types of flammable and toxic gases, which supports few-shot class-incremental learning, and can be retrained quickly with a new gas at a low accuracy cost. Compared with gas recognition approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), principal component analysis (PCA) +SVM, PCA+KNN, and artificial neural network (ANN), our network achieves the highest accuracy of 98.75% in five-fold cross-validation for identifying nine types of gases, each with five different concentrations. In particular, the proposed network has a 5.09% higher accuracy than that of other gas recognition algorithms, which validates its robustness and effectiveness for real-life fire scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexuan Huo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jilin Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Suzhou Huiwen Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Suzhou Huiwen Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Suzhou Huiwen Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jiachuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Mengwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Suzhou Huiwen Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Zhang C, Hou W, Zhao W, Zhao S, Wang P, Zhao X, Wang D. Effect of Ultrasound Combinated with Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment on Microbial Inhibition and Quality of Fresh-Cut Cucumber. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040754. [PMID: 36832829 PMCID: PMC9955655 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of ultrasound combined with sodium hypochlorite (US-NaClO) treatment on microorganisms and quality of fresh-cut cucumber during storage were investigated. Ultrasound (400 W, 40 kHz, US: 5, 10 and 15 min) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO: 50, 75, 100 ppm) were used to treat fresh-cut cucumber in a single or combined treatment and stored at 4 °C for 8 days and analyzed for texture, color and flavor. The results showed that US-NaClO treatment had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of microorganisms during storage. It could significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the number of microorganisms by 1.73 to 2.17 log CFU/g. In addition, US-NaClO treatment reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) during storage (4.42 nmol/g) and water mobility, and maintained the integrity of the cell membrane, delayed the increase of weight loss (3.21%), reduced water loss, thus slowing down the decline of firmness (9.20%) of fresh-cut cucumber during storage. The degradation of chlorophyll (6.41%) was reduced to maintain the color of freshly cut cucumbers. At the same time, US-NaClO could maintain the content of aldehydes, the main aromatic substance of cucumber, and reduced the content of alcohols and ketones during storage. Combined with the electronic nose results, it could maintain the cucumber flavor at the end of the storage period and reduce the odor produced by microorganisms. Overall, US-NaClO was helpful to inhibit the growth of microorganisms during storage, improve the quality of fresh-cut cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wanfu Hou
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-51503657; Fax: +86-10-51503657
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10
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Kiss H, Örlős Z, Gellért Á, Megyesfalvi Z, Mikáczó A, Sárközi A, Vaskó A, Miklós Z, Horváth I. Exhaled Biomarkers for Point-of-Care Diagnosis: Recent Advances and New Challenges in Breathomics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:391. [PMID: 36838091 PMCID: PMC9964519 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancers, chronic diseases and respiratory infections are major causes of mortality and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for health care. There is an unmet medical need for non-invasive, easy-to-use biomarkers for the early diagnosis, phenotyping, predicting and monitoring of the therapeutic responses of these disorders. Exhaled breath sampling is an attractive choice that has gained attention in recent years. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement used as a predictive biomarker of the response to anti-eosinophil therapy in severe asthma has paved the way for other exhaled breath biomarkers. Advances in laser and nanosensor technologies and spectrometry together with widespread use of algorithms and artificial intelligence have facilitated research on volatile organic compounds and artificial olfaction systems to develop new exhaled biomarkers. We aim to provide an overview of the recent advances in and challenges of exhaled biomarker measurements with an emphasis on the applicability of their measurement as a non-invasive, point-of-care diagnostic and monitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Kiss
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Örlős
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Gellért
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angéla Mikáczó
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Sárközi
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Vaskó
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Miklós
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Yadav AK, Gattupalli M, Dashora K, Kumar V. Key Milk Adulterants in India and their Detection Techniques: a Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Formation and Analysis of Volatile and Odor Compounds in Meat-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196703. [PMID: 36235239 PMCID: PMC9572956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The volatile composition and odor of meat and meat products is based on the precursors present in the raw meat. These are influenced by various pre-slaughter factors (species, breed, sex, age, feed, muscle type). Furthermore, post-mortem conditions (chiller aging, cooking conditions, curing, fermentation, etc.) determine the development of meat volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this review, the main reactions leading to the development of meat VOCs such as the Maillard reaction; Strecker degradation; lipid oxidation; and thiamine, carbohydrate, and nucleotide degradation are described. The important pre-slaughter factors and post-mortem conditions influencing meat VOCs are discussed. Finally, the pros, cons, and future perspectives of the most commonly used sample preparation techniques (solid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, dynamic headspace extraction) and analytical methods (gas chromatography mass spectrometry and olfactometry, as well as electronic noses) for the analysis of meat VOCs are discussed, and the continued importance of sensorial analysis is pinpointed.
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13
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Camardo Leggieri M, Mazzoni M, Bertuzzi T, Moschini M, Prandini A, Battilani P. Electronic Nose for the Rapid Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat Using Classification and Regression Trees. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090617. [PMID: 36136555 PMCID: PMC9506558 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin represents a significant concern for the safety of food and feed products, and wheat represents one of the most susceptible crops. To manage this issue, fast, reliable, and low-cost test methods are needed for regulated mycotoxins. This study aimed to assess the potential use of the electronic nose for the early identification of wheat samples contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) above a fixed threshold. A total of 214 wheat samples were collected from commercial fields in northern Italy during the periods 2014−2015 and 2017−2018 and analyzed for DON contamination with a conventional method (GC-MS) and using a portable e-nose “AIR PEN 3” (Airsense Analytics GmbH, Schwerin, Germany), equipped with 10 metal oxide sensors for different categories of volatile substances. The Machine Learning approach “Classification and regression trees” (CART) was used to categorize samples according to four DON contamination thresholds (1750, 1250, 750, and 500 μg/kg). Overall, this process yielded an accuracy of >83% (correct prediction of DON levels in wheat samples). These findings suggest that the e-nose combined with CART can be an effective quick method to distinguish between compliant and DON-contaminated wheat lots. Further validation including more samples above the legal limits is desirable before concluding the validity of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Camardo Leggieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzoni
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraβe 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- Department of Animal Science, Food, and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moschini
- Department of Animal Science, Food, and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Department of Animal Science, Food, and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599254
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14
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Kim C, Lee KK, Kang MS, Shin DM, Oh JW, Lee CS, Han DW. Artificial olfactory sensor technology that mimics the olfactory mechanism: a comprehensive review. Biomater Res 2022; 26:40. [PMID: 35986395 PMCID: PMC9392354 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial olfactory sensors that recognize patterns transmitted by olfactory receptors are emerging as a technology for monitoring volatile organic compounds. Advances in statistical processing methods and data processing technology have made it possible to classify patterns in sensor arrays. Moreover, biomimetic olfactory recognition sensors in the form of pattern recognition have been developed. Deep learning and artificial intelligence technologies have enabled the classification of pattern data from more sensor arrays, and improved artificial olfactory sensor technology is being developed with the introduction of artificial neural networks. An example of an artificial olfactory sensor is the electronic nose. It is an array of various types of sensors, such as metal oxides, electrochemical sensors, surface acoustic waves, quartz crystal microbalances, organic dyes, colorimetric sensors, conductive polymers, and mass spectrometers. It can be tailored depending on the operating environment and the performance requirements of the artificial olfactory sensor. This review compiles artificial olfactory sensor technology based on olfactory mechanisms. We introduce the mechanisms of artificial olfactory sensors and examples used in food quality and stability assessment, environmental monitoring, and diagnostics. Although current artificial olfactory sensor technology has several limitations and there is limited commercialization owing to reliability and standardization issues, there is considerable potential for developing this technology. Artificial olfactory sensors are expected to be widely used in advanced pattern recognition and learning technologies, along with advanced sensor technology in the future.
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Grassi S, Benedetti S, Magnani L, Pianezzola A, Buratti S. Seafood freshness: e-nose data for classification purposes. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Lal PP, Prakash AA, Chand AA, Prasad KA, Mehta U, Assaf MH, Mani FS, Mamun KA. IoT integrated fuzzy classification analysis for detecting adulterants in cow milk. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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17
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Han J, Kang M, Jeong J, Cho I, Yu J, Yoon K, Park I, Choi Y. Artificial Olfactory Neuron for an In-Sensor Neuromorphic Nose. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106017. [PMID: 35426489 PMCID: PMC9218653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A neuromorphic module of an electronic nose (E-nose) is demonstrated by hybridizing a chemoresistive gas sensor made of a semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) and a single transistor neuron (1T-neuron) made of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). By mimicking a biological olfactory neuron, it simultaneously detects a gas and encoded spike signals for in-sensor neuromorphic functioning. It identifies an odor source by analyzing the complicated mixed signals using a spiking neural network (SNN). The proposed E-nose does not require conversion circuits, which are essential for processing the sensory signals between the sensor array and processors in the conventional bulky E-nose. In addition, they do not have to include a central processing unit (CPU) and memory, which are required for von Neumann computing. The spike transmission of the biological olfactory system, which is known to be the main factor for reducing power consumption, is realized with the SNN for power savings compared to the conventional E-nose with a deep neural network (DNN). Therefore, the proposed neuromorphic E-nose is promising for application to Internet of Things (IoT), which demands a highly scalable and energy-efficient system. As a practical example, it is employed as an electronic sommelier by classifying different types of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon‐Kyu Han
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Man Yu
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk‐Jin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Yang‐Kyu Choi
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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18
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Li X, Wang B, Yi C, Gong W. Gas sensing technology for meat quality assessment: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang China
| | - Biao Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Chen Yi
- Changchun Urban Planning & Research Center Changchun China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Transportation and Economics Research Institute Beijing China
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19
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Thickness dependence of the response of metal-dioxide-based micromechanical sensors for sensitive gamma-ray detection. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 186:110225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Chen H, Huo D, Zhang J. Gas Recognition in E-Nose System: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2022; 16:169-184. [PMID: 35412988 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2022.3166530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gas recognition is essential in an electronic nose (E-nose) system, which is responsible for recognizing multivariate responses obtained by gas sensors in various applications. Over the past decades, classical gas recognition approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) have been widely applied in E-nose systems. In recent years, artificial neural network (ANN) has revolutionized the field of E-nose, especially spiking neural network (SNN). In this paper, we investigate recent gas recognition methods for E-nose, and compare and analyze them in terms of algorithms and hardware implementations. We find each classical gas recognition method has a relatively fixed framework and a few parameters, which makes it easy to be designed and perform well with limited gas samples, but weak in multi-gas recognition under noise. While ANN-based methods obtain better recognition accuracy with flexible architectures and lots of parameters. However, some ANNs are too complex to be implemented in portable E-nose systems, such as deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In contrast, SNN-based gas recognition methods achieve satisfying accuracy and recognize more types of gases, and could be implemented with energy-efficient hardware, which makes them a promising candidate in multi-gas identification.
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21
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A successful exploitation of gamma-radiation on chalcogenide Cu2InSnS4 towards clean water under photocatalysis approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Rodrigues N, Silva K, Veloso ACA, Pereira JA, Peres AM. The Use of Electronic Nose as Alternative Non-Destructive Technique to Discriminate Flavored and Unflavored Olive Oils. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112886. [PMID: 34829167 PMCID: PMC8618962 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cv. Arbequina extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) were flavored with cinnamon, garlic, and rosemary and characterized. Although flavoring significantly affected the physicochemical quality parameters, all oils fulfilled the legal thresholds for EVOO classification. Flavoring increased (20 to 40%) the total phenolic contents, whereas oxidative stability was dependent on the flavoring agent (a slight increase for rosemary and a decrease for cinnamon and garlic). Flavoring also had a significant impact on the sensory profiles. Unflavored oils, cinnamon, and garlic flavored oils had a fruity-ripe sensation while rosemary flavored oils were fruity-green oils. Fruit-related sensations, perceived in unflavored oils, disappeared with flavoring. Flavoring decreased the sweetness, enhanced the bitterness, and did not influence the pungency of the oils. According to the EU regulations, flavored oils cannot be commercialized as EVOO. Thus, to guarantee the legal labelling requirement and to meet the expectations of the market-specific consumers for differentiated olive oils, a lab-made electronic nose was applied. The device successfully discriminated unflavored from flavored oils and identified the type of flavoring agent (90 ± 10% of correct classifications for the repeated K-fold cross-validation method). Thus, the electronic nose could be used as a practical non-destructive preliminary classification tool for recognizing olive oils’ flavoring practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (N.R.); (K.S.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Kevin Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (N.R.); (K.S.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Ana C. A. Veloso
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ISEC, DEQB, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (N.R.); (K.S.); (J.A.P.)
| | - António M. Peres
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (N.R.); (K.S.); (J.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-273303220
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Shalini Devi KS, Anantharamakrishnan A, Maheswari Krishnan U. Expanding Horizons of Metal Oxide‐based Chemical and Electrochemical Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Shalini Devi
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
| | - Aadhav Anantharamakrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
- School of Arts Science and Humanities SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur India – 613401
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El Kazzy M, Weerakkody JS, Hurot C, Mathey R, Buhot A, Scaramozzino N, Hou Y. An Overview of Artificial Olfaction Systems with a Focus on Surface Plasmon Resonance for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080244. [PMID: 34436046 PMCID: PMC8393613 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed an increasing demand for novel analytical tools for the analysis of gases including odorants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various domains. Traditional techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, although very efficient, present several drawbacks. Such a context has incited the research and industrial communities to work on the development of alternative technologies such as artificial olfaction systems, including gas sensors, olfactory biosensors and electronic noses (eNs). A wide variety of these systems have been designed using chemiresistive, electrochemical, acoustic or optical transducers. Among optical transduction systems, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been extensively studied thanks to its attractive features (high sensitivity, label free, real-time measurements). In this paper, we present an overview of the advances in the development of artificial olfaction systems with a focus on their development based on propagating SPR with different coupling configurations, including prism coupler, wave guide, and grating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle El Kazzy
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.E.K.); (J.S.W.); (C.H.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Jonathan S. Weerakkody
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.E.K.); (J.S.W.); (C.H.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Charlotte Hurot
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.E.K.); (J.S.W.); (C.H.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Raphaël Mathey
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.E.K.); (J.S.W.); (C.H.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.E.K.); (J.S.W.); (C.H.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Yanxia Hou
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.E.K.); (J.S.W.); (C.H.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-43-878-9478
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25
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Manzini I, Schild D, Di Natale C. Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:61-154. [PMID: 34254835 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems using different technical approaches. Here we provide a parallel description of biological olfactory systems and their technical counterparts. We start with a presentation of the input to the systems, the stimuli, and treat the interface between the external world and the environment where receptor neurons or artificial chemosensors reside. We then delineate the functions of receptor neurons and chemosensors as well as their overall I-O relationships. Up to this point, our account of the systems goes along similar lines. The next processing steps differ considerably: while in biology the processing step following the receptor neurons is the "integration" and "processing" of receptor neuron outputs in the olfactory bulb, this step has various realizations in electronic noses. For a long period of time, the signal processing stages beyond the olfactory bulb, i.e., the higher olfactory centers were little studied. Only recently there has been a marked growth of studies tackling the information processing in these centers. In electronic noses, a third stage of processing has virtually never been considered. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of both fields and, for the first time, attempt to tie them together. We hope it will be a breeding ground for better information, communication, and data exchange between very related but so far little connected fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Manzini
- Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Detlev Schild
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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26
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Huang Y, Doh IJ, Bae E. Design and Validation of a Portable Machine Learning-Based Electronic Nose. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113923. [PMID: 34200440 PMCID: PMC8201040 DOI: 10.3390/s21113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals emitted by various groups, such as foods, bacteria, and plants. While there are specific pathways and biological features significantly related to such VOCs, detection of these is achieved mostly by human odor testing or high-end methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry that can analyze the gaseous component. However, odor characterization can be quite helpful in the rapid classification of some samples in sufficient concentrations. Lower-cost metal-oxide gas sensors have the potential to allow the same type of detection with less training required. Here, we report a portable, battery-powered electronic nose system that utilizes multiple metal-oxide gas sensors and machine learning algorithms to detect and classify VOCs. An in-house circuit was designed with ten metal-oxide sensors and voltage dividers; an STM32 microcontroller was used for data acquisition with 12-bit analog-to-digital conversion. For classification of target samples, a supervised machine learning algorithm such as support vector machine (SVM) was applied to classify the VOCs based on the measurement results. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by mean) of 8 of the 10 sensors stayed below 10%, indicating the excellent repeatability of these sensors. As a proof of concept, four different types of wine samples and three different oil samples were classified, and the training model reported 100% and 98% accuracy based on the confusion matrix analysis, respectively. When the trained model was challenged against new sets of data, sensitivity and specificity of 98.5% and 98.6% were achieved for the wine test and 96.3% and 93.3% for the oil test, respectively, when the SVM classifier was used. These results suggest that the metal-oxide sensors are suitable for usage in food authentication applications.
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Shauloff N, Morag A, Yaniv K, Singh S, Malishev R, Paz-Tal O, Rokach L, Jelinek R. Sniffing Bacteria with a Carbon-Dot Artificial Nose. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:112. [PMID: 34138310 PMCID: PMC8058130 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Novel artificial nose based upon electrode-deposited carbon dots (C-dots). Significant selectivity and sensitivity determined by "polarity matching" between the C-dots and gas molecules. The C-dot artificial nose facilitates, for the first time, real-time, continuous monitoring of bacterial proliferation and discrimination among bacterial species, both between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and between specific strains. Machine learning algorithm furnishes excellent predictability both in the case of individual gases and for complex gas mixtures. Continuous, real-time monitoring and identification of bacteria through detection of microbially emitted volatile molecules are highly sought albeit elusive goals. We introduce an artificial nose for sensing and distinguishing vapor molecules, based upon recording the capacitance of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) coated with carbon dots (C-dots) exhibiting different polarities. Exposure of the C-dot-IDEs to volatile molecules induced rapid capacitance changes that were intimately dependent upon the polarities of both gas molecules and the electrode-deposited C-dots. We deciphered the mechanism of capacitance transformations, specifically substitution of electrode-adsorbed water by gas molecules, with concomitant changes in capacitance related to both the polarity and dielectric constants of the vapor molecules tested. The C-dot-IDE gas sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, aided by application of machine learning algorithms. The capacitive C-dot-IDE sensor was employed to continuously monitor microbial proliferation, discriminating among bacteria through detection of distinctive "volatile compound fingerprint" for each bacterial species. The C-dot-IDE platform is robust, reusable, readily assembled from inexpensive building blocks and constitutes a versatile and powerful vehicle for gas sensing in general, bacterial monitoring in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Shauloff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahiud Morag
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Karin Yaniv
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ravit Malishev
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofra Paz-Tal
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, P.O. Box 9001, 84190, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Rokach
- Department of Software and Information System Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Cano Marchal P, Sanmartin C, Satorres Martínez S, Gómez Ortega J, Mencarelli F, Gámez García J. Prediction of Fruity Aroma Intensity and Defect Presence in Virgin Olive Oil Using an Electronic Nose. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072298. [PMID: 33806002 PMCID: PMC8037113 DOI: 10.3390/s21072298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The organoleptic profile of a Virgin Olive Oil is a key quality parameter that is currently obtained by human sensory panels. The development of an instrumental technique capable of providing information about this profile quickly and online is of great interest. This work employed a general purpose e-nose, in lab conditions, to predict the level of fruity aroma and the presence of defects in Virgin Olive Oils. The raw data provided by the e-nose were used to extract a set of features that fed a regressor to predict the level of fruity aroma and a classifier to detect the presence of defects. The results obtained were a mean validation error of 0.5 units for the prediction of fruity aroma using lasso regression; and 88% accuracy for the defect detection using logistic regression. Finally, the identification of two out of ten specific sensors of the e-nose that can provide successful results paves the way to the design of low-cost specific electronic noses for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cano Marchal
- Robotics, Automation and Computer Vision Group, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.S.M.); (J.G.O.); (J.G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Silvia Satorres Martínez
- Robotics, Automation and Computer Vision Group, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.S.M.); (J.G.O.); (J.G.G.)
| | - Juan Gómez Ortega
- Robotics, Automation and Computer Vision Group, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.S.M.); (J.G.O.); (J.G.G.)
| | - Fabio Mencarelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Javier Gámez García
- Robotics, Automation and Computer Vision Group, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.S.M.); (J.G.O.); (J.G.G.)
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Recognizing lung cancer and stages using a self-developed electronic nose system. Comput Biol Med 2021; 131:104294. [PMID: 33647830 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath contains thousands of gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could be used as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer. Breath-based lung cancer screening has attracted wide attention on account of its convenience, low cost and easy popularization. In this paper, the research of lung cancer detection and staging is conducted by the self-developed electronic nose (e-nose) system. In order to investigate the performance of the device in distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy controls, two feature extraction methods and two different classification models were adopted. Among all the models, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) combined with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) achieved the best results among 235 breath samples. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of e-nose system were 93.59%, 95.60% and 91.09%, respectively. Meanwhile, the device could innovatively classify stages of 90 lung cancer patients (i.e., 44 stage III and 46 stage IV). Experimental results indicated that the recognition accuracy of lung cancer stages was more than 80%. Further experiments of this research also showed that the combination of sensor array and pattern recognition algorithms could identify and distinguish the expiratory characteristics of lung cancer, smoking and other respiratory diseases.
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30
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Kim S, Brady J, Al-Badani F, Yu S, Hart J, Jung S, Tran TT, Myung NV. Nanoengineering Approaches Toward Artificial Nose. Front Chem 2021; 9:629329. [PMID: 33681147 PMCID: PMC7935515 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant scientific efforts have been made to mimic and potentially supersede the mammalian nose using artificial noses based on arrays of individual cross-sensitive gas sensors over the past couple decades. To this end, thousands of research articles have been published regarding the design of gas sensor arrays to function as artificial noses. Nanoengineered materials possessing high surface area for enhanced reaction kinetics and uniquely tunable optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties have been extensively used as gas sensing materials in single gas sensors and sensor arrays. Therefore, nanoengineered materials address some of the shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity inherent in microscale and macroscale materials for chemical sensors. In this article, the fundamental gas sensing mechanisms are briefly reviewed for each material class and sensing modality (electrical, optical, optoelectronic), followed by a survey and review of the various strategies for engineering or functionalizing these nanomaterials to improve their gas sensing selectivity, sensitivity and other measures of gas sensing performance. Specifically, one major focus of this review is on nanoscale materials and nanoengineering approaches for semiconducting metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, carbonaceous nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and others as used in single gas sensors or sensor arrays for electrical sensing modality. Additionally, this review discusses the various nano-enabled techniques and materials of optical gas detection modality, including photonic crystals, surface plasmonic sensing, and nanoscale waveguides. Strategies for improving or tuning the sensitivity and selectivity of materials toward different gases are given priority due to the importance of having cross-sensitivity and selectivity toward various analytes in designing an effective artificial nose. Furthermore, optoelectrical sensing, which has to date not served as a common sensing modality, is also reviewed to highlight potential research directions. We close with some perspective on the future development of artificial noses which utilize optical and electrical sensing modalities, with additional focus on the less researched optoelectronic sensing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Brady
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Faraj Al-Badani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sooyoun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Hart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Abstract
Mints emit diverse scents that exert specific biological functions and are relevance for applications. The current work strives to develop electronic noses that can electronically discriminate the scents emitted by different species of Mint as alternative to conventional profiling by gas chromatography. Here, 12 different sensing materials including 4 different metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions (AZO, ZnO, SnO2, ITO), one Metal Organic Frame as Cu(BPDC), and 7 different polymer films, including PVA, PEDOT:PSS, PFO, SB, SW, SG, and PB were used for functionalizing of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors. The purpose was to discriminate six economically relevant Mint species (Mentha x piperita, Mentha spicata, Mentha spicata ssp. crispa, Mentha longifolia, Agastache rugosa, and Nepeta cataria). The adsorption and desorption datasets obtained from each modified QCM sensor were processed by three different classification models, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and k-Nearest Neighbor Analysis (k-NN). This allowed discriminating the different Mints with classification accuracies of 97.2% (PCA), 100% (LDA), and 99.9% (k-NN), respectively. Prediction accuracies with a repeating test measurement reached up to 90.6% for LDA, and 85.6% for k-NN. These data demonstrate that this electronic nose can discriminate different Mint scents in a reliable and efficient manner.
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32
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Zeng C, Wei Q, Pu F, Liu Y, Sun W, Che Z, Huang Y. Discrimination of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim through volatile aroma compounds analysis with artificial neural network. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13621. [PMID: 33491251 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM), a special spice from Chinese different areas, have a widespread variation in quality and price. To avoid the commercial adulteration of ZBM, it is necessary to discriminate them from different areas. As volatile aroma compounds (VAC) have the potential to discriminate ZBM, electronic nose (E-nose) was used to preliminarily discriminate the VAC through sensor response analysis, radar chart analysis, and principal component analysis. Then, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify VAC through hierarchical cluster analysis and quantitative analysis. Finally, artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to assess the accuracy of the discrimination of ZBM. As a result, we found that ZBM could be successfully discriminated between Chinese Sichuan and the other areas. Our findings would provide guidance for evaluating and predicting the variation of VAC of ZBM from different areas in further study. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM) is a traditional and important spice used in Sichuan cuisine especially hotpot, which are famous all over overseas. However, the ZBM from different producing areas bring various flavors, hampering the quality of Sichuan cuisine developing toward to standardization. Therefore, the authors in this work pursuit an effective way to distinguish the ZBM produced in Sichuan rather than in other province. According to the results of the present study, ZBM could be successfully discriminated between Chinese Sichuan and the other producing areas by using E-nose and GC-MS through artificial neural network. These findings would provide the guidance for evaluating the producing areas of ZBM to be whether or not Sichuan, which could offer the practical help in the purchase of the raw material in the supply chain. Besides, these also can be applied to predict the variation of volatile aroma compounds of the ZBM in the further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenglin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Analysis and Testing, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenming Che
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
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Fei C, Ren C, Wang Y, Li L, Li W, Yin F, Lu T, Yin W. Identification of the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus based on the electronic nose coupled with chemometric methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1849. [PMID: 33473146 PMCID: PMC7817683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. Currently, different types of processed CF products are commonly found in the market. Quality evaluation of them mainly relies on chemical content determination, which is time and money consuming. To rapidly and nondestructively discriminate different types of processed CF products, an electronic nose coupled with chemometrics was developed. The odour detection method of CF was first established by single-factor investigation. Then, the sensor array was optimised by a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the best-optimised sensor array, the digital and mode standard were established, realizing the odour quality control of samples. Meanwhile, mathematical prediction models including the discriminant formula and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model exhibited good evaluation with a high accuracy rate. These results suggest that the developed electronic nose system could be an alternative way for evaluating the odour of different types of processed CF products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wu Yin
- State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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34
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Tseng TS, Hsiao MH, Chen PA, Lin SY, Chiu SW, Yao DJ. Utilization of a Gas-Sensing System to Discriminate Smell and to Monitor Fermentation during the Manufacture of Oolong Tea Leaves. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010093. [PMID: 33477391 PMCID: PMC7829750 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The operational duration of shaking tea leaves is a critical factor in the manufacture of oolong tea; this duration influences the formation of its flavor and fragrance. The current method to control the duration of fermentation relies on the olfactory sense of tea masters; they monitor the entire process through their olfactory sense, and their experience decides the duration of shaking and setting. Because of this human factor and olfactory fatigue, it is difficult to define an optimum duration of shaking and setting; an inappropriate duration of shaking and setting deteriorates the quality of the tea. In this study, we used metal-oxide-semiconductor gas sensors to establish an electronic nose (E-nose) system and tested its feasibility. This research was divided into two experiments: distinguishing samples at various stages and an on-line experiment. The samples of tea leaves at various stages exhibited large differences in the level of grassy smell. From the experience of practitioners and from previous research, the samples could be categorized into three groups: before the first shaking (BS1), before the shaking group, and after the shaking group. We input the experimental results into a linear discriminant analysis to decrease the dimensions and to classify the samples into various groups. The results show that the smell can also be categorized into three groups. After distinguishing the samples with large differences, we conducted an on-line experiment in a tea factory and tried to monitor the smell variation during the manufacturing process. The results from the E-nose were similar to those of the sense of practitioners, which means that an E-nose has the possibility to replace the sensory function of practitioners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Shiang Tseng
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (T.-S.T.); (M.-H.H.)
| | - Mei-Hui Hsiao
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (T.-S.T.); (M.-H.H.)
| | - Po-An Chen
- Plant Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Yen Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | | | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (T.-S.T.); (M.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-5715131 (ext. 42850)
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35
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Krishnan VG, Elango P, Ravikumar K, Marnadu R, Aldossary OM, Ubaidullah M. Noticeable improvement in the toxic gas-sensing activity of the Zn-doped TiO 2 films for sensing devices. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensing element view, sening mechanism, stability, response and recovery time of the Zn-doped TiO2 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Gopala Krishnan
- Department of Physics
- Dr N.G.P. Arts and Science College
- Coimbatore - 641048
- India
| | - P. Elango
- Department of Physics
- Government Arts College
- Coimbatore - 641018
- India
| | - K. Ravikumar
- Department of Physics
- Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women
- Tiruchengode-673205
- India
| | - R. Marnadu
- Department of Physics
- Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
- Coimbatore-641 020
- India
| | - Omar M. Aldossary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Ubaidullah
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
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36
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Tiwari S, Kate A, Mohapatra D, Tripathi MK, Ray H, Akuli A, Ghosh A, Modhera B. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Biomarkers for quality management of horticultural commodities during storage through e-sensing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Esfahani S, Tiele A, Agbroko SO, Covington JA. Development of a Tuneable NDIR Optical Electronic Nose. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236875. [PMID: 33271862 PMCID: PMC7729477 DOI: 10.3390/s20236875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nose (E-nose) technology provides an easy and inexpensive way to analyse chemical samples. In recent years, there has been increasing demand for E-noses in applications such as food safety, environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. Currently, the majority of E-noses utilise an array of metal oxide (MOX) or conducting polymer (CP) gas sensors. However, these sensing technologies can suffer from sensor drift, poor repeatability and temperature and humidity effects. Optical gas sensors have the potential to overcome these issues. This paper reports on the development of an optical non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) E-nose, which consists of an array of four tuneable detectors, able to scan a range of wavelengths (3.1–10.5 μm). The functionality of the device was demonstrated in a series of experiments, involving gas rig tests for individual chemicals (CO2 and CH4), at different concentrations, and discriminating between chemical standards and complex mixtures. The optical gas sensor responses were shown to be linear to polynomial for different concentrations of CO2 and CH4. Good discrimination was achieved between sample groups. Optical E-nose technology therefore demonstrates significant potential as a portable and low-cost solution for a number of E-nose applications.
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38
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Baldini C, Billeci L, Sansone F, Conte R, Domenici C, Tonacci A. Electronic Nose as a Novel Method for Diagnosing Cancer: A Systematic Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10080084. [PMID: 32722438 PMCID: PMC7459473 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is fast becoming the most important cause of death worldwide, its mortality being mostly caused by late or wrong diagnosis. Novel strategies have been developed to identify early signs of cancer in a minimally obtrusive way, including the Electronic Nose (E-Nose) technology, user-friendly, cost- and time-saving alternative to classical approaches. This systematic review, conducted under the PRISMA guidelines, identified 60 articles directly dealing with the E-Nose application in cancer research published up to 31 January 2020. Among these works, the vast majority reported successful E-Nose use for diagnosing Lung Cancer, showing promising results especially when employing the Aeonose tool, discriminating subjects with Lung Cancer from controls in more than 80% of individuals, in most studies. In order to tailor the main limitations of the proposed approach, including the application of the protocol to advanced stage of cancer, sample heterogeneity and massive confounders, future studies should be conducted on early stage patients, and on larger cohorts, as to better characterize the specific breathprint associated with the various subtypes of cancer. This would ultimately lead to a better and faster diagnosis and to earlier treatment, possibly reducing the burden associated to such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldini
- School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology—National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Institute of Clinical Physiology—National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Raffaele Conte
- Institute of Clinical Physiology—National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Claudio Domenici
- Institute of Clinical Physiology—National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology—National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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39
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Odor Detection Using an E-Nose With a Reduced Sensor Array. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123542. [PMID: 32585850 PMCID: PMC7349593 DOI: 10.3390/s20123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of electronic noses (e-noses) have led to new developments in both sensors and feature extraction as well as data processing techniques, providing an increased amount of information. Therefore, feature selection has become essential in the development of e-nose applications. Sophisticated computation techniques can be applied for solving the old problem of sensor number optimization and feature selections. In this way, one can find an optimal application-specific sensor array and reduce the potential cost associated with designing new e-nose devices. In this paper, we examine a procedure to extract and select modeling features for optimal e-nose performance. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated in detail. We calculated the model’s performance using cross-validation with the standard leave-one-group-out and group shuffle validation methods. Our analysis of wine spoilage data from the sensor array shows when a transient sensor response is considered, both from gas adsorption and desorption phases, it is possible to obtain a reasonable level of odor detection even with data coming from a single sensor. This requires adequate extraction of modeling features and then selection of features used in the final model.
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40
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Guo Z, Guo C, Chen Q, Ouyang Q, Shi J, El-Seedi HR, Zou X. Classification for Penicillium expansum Spoilage and Defect in Apples by Electronic Nose Combined with Chemometrics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2130. [PMID: 32283830 PMCID: PMC7180459 DOI: 10.3390/s20072130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial for the efficacy of the apple storage to apply methods like electronic nose systems for detection and prediction of spoilage or infection by Penicillium expansum. Based on the acquisition of electronic nose signals, selected sensitive feature sensors of spoilage apple and all sensors were analyzed and compared by the recognition effect. Principal component analysis (PCA), principle component analysis-discriminant analysis (PCA-DA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) were used to establish the classification model of apple with different degrees of corruption. PCA-DA has the best prediction, the accuracy of training set and prediction set was 100% and 97.22%, respectively. synergy interval (SI), genetic algorithm (GA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) are three selection methods used to accurately and quickly extract appropriate feature variables, while constructing a PLS model to predict plaque area. Among them, the PLS model with unique variables was optimized by CARS method, and the best prediction result of the area of the rotten apple was obtained. The best results are as follows: Rc = 0.953, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 1.28, Rp = 0.972, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 1.01. The results demonstrated that the electronic nose has a potential application in the classification of rotten apples and the quantitative detection of spoilage area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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41
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Giannilivigni E, Fattori A, Svigelj R, Bontempelli G, Giacomino A, Daniele S. Modified Screen Printed Electrode Suitable for Electrochemical Measurements in Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3689-3696. [PMID: 32008321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a convenient assembly for screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) suitable for analyses in gaseous samples which are of course lacking in supporting electrolytes. It consists of a circular crown of filter paper, soaked in a RTIL or a DES, placed upon a disposable screen printed carbon cell, so as to contact the outer edge of the carbon disk working electrode, as well as peripheral counter and reference electrodes. The electrical contact between the paper crown soaked in RTIL or DES and SPCE electrodes is assured by a gasket, and all components are installed in a polylactic acid holder. As a result of this configuration, a sensitive, fast-responding, membrane-free gas sensor is achieved where the real working electrode surface is the boundary zone of the carbon working disk contacted by the paper crown soaked in the polyelectrolyte. This assembly provides a portable and disposable electrochemical platform, assembled by the easy immobilization onto a porous and inexpensive supporting material such as paper of RTILs or DESs which are characterized by profitable electrical conductivity and negligible vapor pressure. The electroanalytical performance of this device was evaluated by voltammetric and flow injection analyses of oxygen which was chosen as prototype of electroactive gaseous analytes. The results obtained pointed out that this assembly is very profitable for the analysis of gaseous atmospheres, especially when used as detector for FIA in gaseous streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giannilivigni
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Fattori
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University of Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, I-30137 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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42
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Xia Y, Hong Y, Geng R, Li X, Qu A, Zhou Z, Zhang Z. Amine-Functionalized ZIF-8 as a Fluorescent Probe for Breath Volatile Organic Compound Biomarker Detection of Lung Cancer Patients. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3478-3486. [PMID: 32118162 PMCID: PMC7045493 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The highly thermally and chemically stable imidazole framework ZIF-8 samples were separately postmodified with amine groups by using N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (MMEN) and N,N-dimethylaminoethylamine (MAEA), which had the same molecular formula but different structures. The modified ZIF-8 samples (ZIF-8@amine) were thoroughly characterized, including powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and physical adsorption at 77 K by nitrogen, thermogravimetric analysis, and photophysical characterization. Results showed that after modification, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume both increased, almost one time higher than those of the original ZIF-8 sample, and followed the order: ZIF-8-MMEN > ZIF-8-MAEA > ZIF-8. Furthermore, the N-H group was successfully grafted into the modified ZIF-8 samples. To examine the sensing properties of the modified ZIF-8@amine samples toward the breath biomarkers of lung cancer, five potential volatile organic compound biomarkers were used as analytes. ZIF-8-MMEN and ZIF-8-MAEA revealed a unique capacity for sensing hexanal, ethylbenzene, and 1-propanol with high efficiency and sensitivity. The three samples all did not show sensing ability toward styrene and isoprene. In addition, ZIF-8, ZIF-8-MMEN, and ZIF-8-MAEA all can sense hexanal with a detection limit as low as 1 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhan Xia
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rongchuang Geng
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ailan Qu
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhang
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- E-mail: ,
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Jiang H, Zhang M, Liu W, Bhandari B, Yang C. Investigation of effect of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents on the quality of frozen crab gonads by E‐nose, GC‐MS, and sensory evaluation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Chaohui Yang
- Yangzhou Yechun Food Production & Distribution Co. Yangzhou P. R. China
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44
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Colorimetric sensor array based on gold nanoparticles: Design principles and recent advances. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Zaukuu JLZ, Bazar G, Gillay Z, Kovacs Z. Emerging trends of advanced sensor based instruments for meat, poultry and fish quality- a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3443-3460. [PMID: 31793331 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1691972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Meat and fish chemical composition and sensory attributes are markers of quality that require innovative assessment methods as existing ones are rather technical, laborious, and expensive. Emerging trends of advanced technology instruments have been lauded in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries for their high sensitivity, customizability, rapidness and affordability. Common among these, are the electronic tongue (e-tongue) and electronic nose (e-nose) but their use for meat and fish quality, remains scanty and scattered. This paper aims to systematically discuss the developing trends, principles and the recent use of e-tongue and e-nose for quality measurements in fish and meat. From over 90 research papers, it was observed that an arsenal of chemometric tools have been pivotal in applying these instruments for rapid quantitative, qualitative and predictive analysis of some physical properties, chemical properties, storability and the authentication of meat and fish. Both instruments require no reagent (waste free analytical procedure) and have been lauded for precision and*accuracy but e-nose may be better suited for meat and fish assessments. Unlike the e-tongue, e-nose requires no liquid sample preparation and portable versions are promising for rapid remote analysis of meat and fish samples that can save cost on transferring carcass to laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - George Bazar
- Department of Nutritional Science and Production Technology, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gillay
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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46
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Liu B, Wu X, Kam KWL, Cheung WF, Zheng B. Cuprous Oxide Based Chemiresistive Electronic Nose for Discrimination of Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3051-3055. [PMID: 31591885 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a facile functionalization method on a metal-oxide semiconductor and a cuprous oxide (Cu2O) based chemiresistive electronic nose for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A library of functionalized Cu2O nanospheres was developed through silanization using chemically diverse organosilanes. An electronic nose was fabricated with unmodified Cu2O nanospheres and five types of functionalized Cu2O nanospheres as the sensing elements. The electronic nose showed stable and rapid resistance responses to 25-200 ppm model VOCs, with the operating temperature of 180 °C. Single VOCs and ternary VOC mixtures could be discriminated by the electronic nose, and six types of tea leaves were also proved to be distinguishable as an illustration of the application of the electronic nose. We expected that the silanization could provide a simple approach for material diversification and the electronic nose would have further application in identification and discrimination of complex gas samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Lin MH, Ke LY, Yao DJ. Discrimination of Red Wines with a Gas-Sensor Array Based on a Surface-Acoustic-Wave Technique. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110725. [PMID: 31717824 PMCID: PMC6915528 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We applied a thermal-desorption gas-chromatograph mass-spectrometer (TD-GC–MS) system to identify the marker volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the aroma of red wine. After obtaining the marker VOC, we utilized surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to develop a highly sensitive sensing system as ‘electronic nose’ to detect these marker VOC. The SAW chips were fabricated on a LiNbO3 substrate with a lithographic process. We coated sensing polymers on the sensing area to adsorb the marker VOC in a sample gas. The adsorption of the marker VOC altered the velocity of the SAW according to a mass-loading effect, causing a frequency decrease. This experiment was conducted with wines of three grape varieties—cabernet sauvignon, merlot and black queen. According to the results of TD-GC–MS, the King brand of red wine is likely to have unique VOC, which are 2-pentanone, dimethyl disulfide, 2-methylpropyl acetate and 2-pentanol; Blue Nun-1 probably has a special VOC such as 2,3-butanedione. We hence used a SAW sensor array to detect the aroma of red wines and to distinguish their components by their frequency shift. The results show that the use of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as a detecting material can distinguish Blue Nun-2 from the others and the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can distinguish King from the others. We conducted random tests to prove the accuracy and the reliability of our SAW sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Lin
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Ling-Yi Ke
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-5715-1314-2850
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48
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Fan K, Zhang M, Fan D, Jiang F. Effect of carbon dots with chitosan coating on microorganisms and storage quality of modified-atmosphere-packaged fresh-cut cucumber. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6032-6041. [PMID: 31226218 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to inhibit microorganisms and improve storage quality of fresh-cut cucumber, fresh-cut cucumber was treated by carbon dots (CDs) from kelp/chitosan (CH) coating solution with CD concentrations of 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% and then packaged as well as stored at 4 °C for 15 days. The effect of CDs/CH coating on microorganisms and the quality of modified-atmosphere-packaged fresh-cut cucumber during storage were investigated. RESULTS The CDs was monodispersed spherical morphology with size distribution of 0.54-0.83 nm. Interaction of CDs and CH had the generation of strong hydrogen bond. Inhibition zone diameters of CDs/CH coating against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were enhanced with the increase of CD concentrations. Moreover, CDs/CH coating inhibited the growth of total number of colonies, mold, and yeast in modified-atmosphere-packaged fresh-cut cucumber during storage. A coating of 4.5% CDs/CH effectively reduced the losses of weight, firmness, and total soluble solids, the degradation of ascorbic acid content and flavor, and inhibited peroxidases activity, as well as decreased water mobility in fresh-cut cucumber during storage. CONCLUSION The results indicated that a CDs/CH coating was helpful for inhibiting microorganisms and improving storage quality, and could be an effective method to prolong shelf life of fresh-cut cucumber. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongcui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Grassi S, Benedetti S, Opizzio M, Nardo ED, Buratti S. Meat and Fish Freshness Assessment by a Portable and Simplified Electronic Nose System (Mastersense). SENSORS 2019; 19:s19143225. [PMID: 31336675 PMCID: PMC6679498 DOI: 10.3390/s19143225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of meat and fish quality is crucial to ensure that products are safe and meet the consumers’ expectation. The present work aims at developing a new low-cost, portable, and simplified electronic nose system, named Mastersense, to assess meat and fish freshness. Four metal oxide semiconductor sensors were selected by principal component analysis and were inserted in an “ad hoc” designed measuring chamber. The Mastersense system was used to test beef and poultry slices, and plaice and salmon fillets during their shelf life at 4 °C, from the day of packaging and beyond the expiration date. The same samples were tested for Total Viable Count, and the microbial results were used to define freshness classes to develop classification models by the K-Nearest Neighbours’ algorithm and Partial Least Square–Discriminant Analysis. All the obtained models gave global sensitivity and specificity with prediction higher than 83.3% and 84.0%, respectively. Moreover, a McNemar’s test was performed to compare the prediction ability of the two classification algorithms, which resulted in comparable values (p > 0.05). Thus, the Mastersense prototype implemented with the K-Nearest Neighbours’ model is considered the most convenient strategy to assess meat and fish freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grassi
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elia di Nardo
- Senior S.r.l., Via Molino 2, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Susanna Buratti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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50
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Fan K, Zhang M, Jiang F. Ultrasound treatment to modified atmospheric packaged fresh-cut cucumber: Influence on microbial inhibition and storage quality. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 54:162-170. [PMID: 30755388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Influence of ultrasound treatment on microorganisms and the quality of modified atmospheric packaged fresh-cut cucumber during storage were investigated. Fresh-cut cucumber was treated with ultrasound (US, 20 kHz) in different time (5, 10 and 15 min) and then modified atmospheric packaged as well as stored at 4 °C for 15 d. The results showed that US treatment inhibited the growth of total number of colonies, mold and yeast in modified atmospheric packaged fresh-cut cucumber during storage. US treatment for 10 min effectively reduced the loss of weight, firmness, total soluble solids and total color change (ΔE), the increase of MDA content and the degradation of ascorbic acid content and flavor, as well as decreased water mobility and maintained cell wall integrity in fresh-cut cucumber during storage. Therefore, these results demonstrated that US treatment was helpful for inhibiting microorganisms and improving storage quality, and could be an effective method to enhance the preservative effect of modified atmospheric packaged fresh-cut cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, China.
| | - Fangjun Jiang
- Jiangsu First Farm Technology Co., Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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