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Tucker SK, Eberhart JK. The convergence of mTOR signaling and ethanol teratogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 130:108720. [PMID: 39306261 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most common teratogens and causes of human developmental disabilities. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which describes the wide range of deficits due to prenatal ethanol exposure, are estimated to affect between 1.1 % and 5.0 % of births in the United States. Ethanol dysregulates numerous cellular mechanisms such as programmed cell death (apoptosis), protein synthesis, autophagy, and various aspects of cell signaling, all of which contribute to FASD. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates these cellular mechanisms via sensing of nutrients like amino acids and glucose, DNA damage, and growth factor signaling. Despite an extensive literature on ethanol teratogenesis and mTOR signaling, there has been less attention paid to their interaction. Here, we discuss the impact of ethanol teratogenesis on mTORC1's ability to coordinate growth factor and amino acid sensing with protein synthesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Notably, the effect of ethanol exposure on mTOR signaling depends on the timing and dose of ethanol as well as the system studied. Overall, the overlap between the functions of mTORC1 and the phenotypes observed in FASD suggest a mechanistic interaction. However, more work is required to fully understand the impact of ethanol teratogenesis on mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Huang Y, Flentke GR, Smith SM. Alcohol induces p53-mediated apoptosis in neural crest by stimulating an AMPK-mediated suppression of TORC1, p70/S6K, and ribosomal biogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601754. [PMID: 39005448 PMCID: PMC11244973 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of permanent neurodevelopmental disability and can feature distinctive craniofacial deficits that partly originate from the apoptotic deletion of craniofacial progenitors, a stem cell lineage called the neural crest (NC). We recently demonstrated that alcohol causes nucleolar stress in NC through its suppression of ribosome biogenesis (RBG) and this suppression is causative in their p53/MDM2-mediated apoptosis. Here, we show that this nucleolar stress originates from alcohol's activation of AMPK, which suppresses TORC1 and the p70/S6K-mediated stimulation of RBG. Alcohol-exposed cells of the pluripotent, primary cranial NC line O9-1 were evaluated with respect to their p70/S6K, TORC1, and AMPK activity. The functional impact of these signals with respect to RBG, p53, and apoptosis were assessed using gain-of-function constructs and small molecule mediators. Alcohol rapidly (<2hr) increased pAMPK, pTSC2, pRaptor, p-mTOR(S2446), and reduced both total and p-p70/S6K in NC cells. These changes persisted for at least 12hr to 18hr following alcohol exposure. Attenuation of these signals via gain- or loss-of-function approaches that targeted AMPK, p70/S6K, or TORC1 prevented alcohol's suppression of rRNA synthesis and the induction of p53-stimulated apoptosis. We conclude that alcohol induces ribosome dysbiogenesis and activates their p53/MDM2-mediated apoptosis via its activation of pAMPK, which in turn activates TSC2 and Raptor to suppress the TORC1-p70/S6K-mediated promotion of ribosome biogenesis. This represents a novel mechanism underlying alcohol's neurotoxicity and is consistent with findings that TORC1-p70/S6K networks are critical for cranial NC survival.
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Lin X, Wang H, Zou L, Yang B, Chen W, Rong X, Zhang X, He L, Li X, Peng Y. The NRF2 activator RTA-408 ameliorates chronic alcohol exposure-induced cognitive impairment and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating impaired mitophagy initiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:15-27. [PMID: 38679301 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol exposure induces cognitive impairment and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex). Mitophagy plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation, and dysregulated mitophagy is associated with behavioral deficits. However, the potential relationships among mitophagy, inflammation, and cognitive impairment in the context of alcohol exposure have not yet been studied. NRF2 promotes the process of mitophagy, while alcohol inhibits NRF2 expression. Whether NRF2 activation can ameliorate defective mitophagy and neuroinflammation in the presence of alcohol remains unknown. METHODS BV2 cells and primary microglia were treated with alcohol. C57BL/6J mice were repeatedly administered alcohol intragastrically. BNIP3-siRNA, PINK1-siRNA, CCCP and bafilomycin A1 were used to regulate mitophagy in BV2 cells. RTA-408 acted as an NRF2 activator. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were assayed. Behavioral tests were used to assess cognition. RESULTS Chronic alcohol exposure impaired the initiation of both receptor-mediated mitophagy and PINK1-mediated mitophagy in the mPFC and in vitro microglial cells. Silencing BNIP3 or PINK1 induced mitochondrial dysfunction and aggravated alcohol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 cells. In addition, alcohol exposure inhibited the NRF2 expression both in vivo and in vitro. NRF2 activation by RTA-408 ameliorated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitophagy downregulation in microglia, ultimately improving cognitive impairment in the presence of alcohol. CONCLUSION Chronic alcohol exposure-induced impaired mitophagy initiation contributed to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cognitive deficits, which could be alleviated by NRF2 activation via RTA-408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrou Lin
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lubin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Biying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wanru Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiangpen Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei, 516400, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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4
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Francis AP, Meenakshi DU, Ganapathy S, Devasena T. Evaluating the ameliorative effect of nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog against extrapulmonary toxicity in rat induced by inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotube. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46641-46651. [PMID: 37710065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exposure in human beings through inhalation may affect pulmonary organs and extrapulmonary organs including liver, kidney, brain, spleen, etc. The toxic effects developed as the result of CNTs exposure made us to explore the beneficial effect of nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (NBDMCA) towards multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-induced toxicity in extrapulmonary organs. The current study described the ameliorative effect of NBDMCA against the toxic effects developed by inhaled MWCNTs in the extrapulmonary organs. The rats are exposed to the fixed aerosol concentration of 5 mg/m3 maintained in inhalation exposure chambers MWCNTs for 15 days as per OECD guidelines. After the exposure with MWCNTs, the animals were treated with NBDMCA (5 mg/kg body weight) with different dose frequencies, i.e., 2 doses per week for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. After treatment duration, the blood was drawn from retro-orbital vein and subjected to biochemical and cytokine analysis. Further the animals were euthanized, and the sample tissues were collected and performed oxidative stress and histopathology. The study results revealed that the intravenous administration of NBDMCA suppresses the extrapulmonary toxicity induced by MWCNTs, i.e., annulling the clinical changes and oxidative stress in various extrapulmonary organs at low doses of NBDMCA, evidenced its antioxidant efficacy. Moreover, use of increased doses provides better reduction in toxic symptoms with negligible side effects confirming the dose-dependent efficacy of NBDMCA. Overall, we suggested that NBDMCA may materialize into an effective compound for the reduction of MWCNTs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | | | - Selvam Ganapathy
- International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IBAT), Padappai, 601301, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Devasena
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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Betsuyaku T, Ito Y, Peake N, Al-Bari AA, El-Akabawy G, Eid N. Enhanced autophagy and phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes in splenic macrophages of acute ethanol-treated rats: Light and electron microscopic studies. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:853-866. [PMID: 38465764 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of damaged cellular components, specifically upon exposure to various stressors. In lymphoid organs, excessive ethanol consumption increases lymphocyte apoptosis, resulting in immunosuppression. However, ethanol-induced autophagy and related phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes in the spleen have not been studied yet. Adult male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally either with 5 g/kg ethanol or phosphate-buffered saline (as a control group) and then sacrificed 0, 3, 6, and 24 hours after injection. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) findings indicated enhanced T cell apoptosis in the white pulps of ethanol-treated rats (ETRs) compared with the control group, which peaked at 6 h and was associated with the accumulation of tingible body macrophages (TBMs). These macrophages exhibited an upregulated autophagic response, as evidenced by enhanced LC3-II (a specific marker of autophagosomes) expression, which peaked at 24h. In addition, double labeling immunofluorescence of LC3-II with lysosomal markers revealed the enhanced formation of autolysosomes in TBMs of ETRs, which was associated with suppression of p62 immunostaining, indicating the enhanced autophagic flux. Interestingly, this elevated autophagic response in ETR TBMs was accompanied by evidence of LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) of apoptotic splenocytes. This is based on TUNEL/LC3-II double labeling and TEM observations of phagosomes containing apoptotic bodies, enclosed within phagosomal membranes adjacent to the autophagic vacuoles. It can be concluded that enhanced prosurvival autophagy in splenic TBMs of ETRs and clearing of apoptotic lymphocytes via LAP may contribute to preventing secondary necrosis and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Betsuyaku
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Gehan El-Akabawy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Flentke GR, Wilkie TE, Baulch J, Huang Y, Smith SM. Alcohol exposure suppresses ribosome biogenesis and causes nucleolar stress in cranial neural crest cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304557. [PMID: 38941348 PMCID: PMC11213321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes cognitive impairment and a distinctive craniofacial dysmorphology, due in part to apoptotic losses of the pluripotent cranial neural crest cells (CNCs) that form facial bones and cartilage. We previously reported that PAE rapidly represses expression of >70 ribosomal proteins (padj = 10-E47). Ribosome dysbiogenesis causes nucleolar stress and activates p53-MDM2-mediated apoptosis. Using primary avian CNCs and the murine CNC line O9-1, we tested whether nucleolar stress and p53-MDM2 signaling mediates this apoptosis. We further tested whether haploinsufficiency in genes that govern ribosome biogenesis, using a blocking morpholino approach, synergizes with alcohol to worsen craniofacial outcomes in a zebrafish model. In both avian and murine CNCs, pharmacologically relevant alcohol exposure (20mM, 2hr) causes the dissolution of nucleolar structures and the loss of rRNA synthesis; this nucleolar stress persisted for 18-24hr. This was followed by reduced proliferation, stabilization of nuclear p53, and apoptosis that was prevented by overexpression of MDM2 or dominant-negative p53. In zebrafish embryos, low-dose alcohol or morpholinos directed against ribosomal proteins Rpl5a, Rpl11, and Rps3a, the Tcof homolog Nolc1, or mdm2 separately caused modest craniofacial malformations, whereas these blocking morpholinos synergized with low-dose alcohol to reduce and even eliminate facial elements. Similar results were obtained using a small molecule inhibitor of RNA Polymerase 1, CX5461, whereas p53-blocking morpholinos normalized craniofacial outcomes under high-dose alcohol. Transcriptome analysis affirmed that alcohol suppressed the expression of >150 genes essential for ribosome biogenesis. We conclude that alcohol causes the apoptosis of CNCs, at least in part, by suppressing ribosome biogenesis and invoking a nucleolar stress that initiates their p53-MDM2 mediated apoptosis. We further note that the facial deficits that typify PAE and some ribosomopathies share features including reduced philtrum, upper lip, and epicanthal distance, suggesting the facial deficits of PAE represent, in part, a ribosomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Flentke
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wilkie
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Josh Baulch
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Yanping Huang
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Smith
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
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7
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Zeng X, Cai Y, Wu M, Chen H, Sun M, Yang H. An overview of current advances in perinatal alcohol exposure and pathogenesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:20. [PMID: 38643092 PMCID: PMC11031898 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The adverse use of alcohol is a serious global public health problem. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy usually causes prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the developing fetus, leading to a spectrum of disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and even fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) throughout the lifelong sufferers. The prevalence of FASD is approximately 7.7 per 1,000 worldwide, and is even higher in developed regions. Generally, Ethanol in alcoholic beverages can impair embryonic neurological development through multiple pathways leading to FASD. Among them, the leading mechanism of FASDs is attributed to ethanol-induced neuroinflammatory damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, the remaining multiple pathological mechanisms is likely due to the neurotoxic damage of ethanol and the resultant neuronal loss. Regardless of the molecular pathway, the ultimate outcome of the developing CNS exposed to ethanol is almost always the destruction and apoptosis of neurons, which leads to the reduction of neurons and further the development of FASD. In this review, we systematically summarize the current research progress on the pathogenesis of FASD, which hopefully provides new insights into differential early diagnosis, treatment and prevention for patents with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Yongle Cai
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Mengyan Wu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Luo P, An Y, He J, Xing X, Zhang Q, Liu X, Chen Y, Yuan H, Chen J, Wong YK, Huang J, Gong Z, Du Q, Xiao W, Wang J. Icaritin with autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors synergistically enhances anticancer efficacy and apoptotic effects through PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216621. [PMID: 38242198 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the deadliest malignancies worldwide and still a pressing clinical problem. Icaritin, a natural compound obtained from the Epimedium genus plant, has garnered significant attention as a potential therapeutic drug for HCC therapies. Mitophagy plays a crucial role in mitochondrial quality control through efficiently eliminating damaged mitochondria. However, the specific mechanisms of the interplay between mitophagy and apoptosis in HCC is still unclear. We aimed to explore the cross-talk between icaritin-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in HCC cells and investigate its potential mechanisms. Firstly, we confirmed that icaritin inhibits proliferation and migration while inducing mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HCC cells. Secondly, based on proteomics analysis, we discovered that icaritin inhibits the growth of tumor cells and disrupts their mitochondrial homeostasis through the regulation of both mitophagy and apoptosis. Thirdly, icaritin causes mitophagy mediated by PINK1-Parkin signaling via regulating feedforward loop. Furthermore, knockdown of PINK1/Parkin leads to inhibition of mitophagy, which promotes cell death induced by icaritin in HCC cells. Finally, autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors remarkably enhance icaritin-induced cell death and anticancer efficacy. Collectively, our findings reveal that icaritin suppresses growth, proliferation and migration of HCC cell through induction of mitophagy and apoptosis, while inhibition of mitophagy significantly increased the anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic effects of icaritin, indicating that targeting autophagy or mitophagy is a novel approach to overcome drug resistance and enhance anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yehai An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jingqian He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xuefeng Xing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Kwan Wong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Qingfeng Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Tucker SK, Ghosal R, Swartz ME, Zhang S, Eberhart JK. Zebrafish raptor mutation inhibits the activity of mTORC1, inducing craniofacial defects due to autophagy-induced neural crest cell death. Development 2024; 151:dev202216. [PMID: 38512806 PMCID: PMC11006402 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates metabolism and cell growth with environmental inputs. mTOR forms two functional complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. Proper development requires both complexes but mTORC1 has unique roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, survival and autophagy. Here, we investigate the function of mTORC1 in craniofacial development. We created a zebrafish raptor mutant via CRISPR/Cas9, to specifically disrupt mTORC1. The entire craniofacial skeleton and eyes were reduced in size in mutants; however, overall body length and developmental timing were not affected. The craniofacial phenotype associates with decreased chondrocyte size and increased neural crest cell death. We found that autophagy is elevated in raptor mutants. Chemical inhibition of autophagy reduced cell death and improved craniofacial phenotypes in raptor mutants. Genetic inhibition of autophagy, via mutation of the autophagy gene atg7, improved facial phenotypes in atg7;raptor double mutants, relative to raptor single mutants. We conclude that finely regulated levels of autophagy, via mTORC1, are crucial for craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ritika Ghosal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mary E. Swartz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephanie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Johann K. Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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10
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Huang Y, Flentke GR, Rivera OC, Saini N, Mooney SM, Smith SM. Alcohol Exposure Induces Nucleolar Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse Neural Stem Cells and Late-Term Fetal Brain. Cells 2024; 13:440. [PMID: 38474404 PMCID: PMC10931382 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability through its induction of neuronal growth dysfunction through incompletely understood mechanisms. Ribosome biogenesis regulates cell cycle progression through p53 and the nucleolar cell stress response. Whether those processes are targeted by alcohol is unknown. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received 3 g alcohol/kg daily at E8.5-E17.5. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the E17.5 fetal cortex. Additionally, primary neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the E14.5 cerebral cortex and exposed to alcohol to evaluate nucleolar stress and p53/MDM2 signaling. Alcohol suppressed KEGG pathways involving ribosome biogenesis (rRNA synthesis/processing and ribosomal proteins) and genes that are mechanistic in ribosomopathies (Polr1d, Rpl11; Rpl35; Nhp2); this was accompanied by nucleolar dissolution and p53 stabilization. In primary NSCs, alcohol reduced rRNA synthesis, caused nucleolar loss, suppressed proliferation, stabilized nuclear p53, and caused apoptosis that was prevented by dominant-negative p53 and MDM2 overexpression. Alcohol's actions were dose-dependent and rapid, and rRNA synthesis was suppressed between 30 and 60 min following alcohol exposure. The alcohol-mediated deficits in ribosomal protein expression were correlated with fetal brain weight reductions. This is the first report describing that pharmacologically relevant alcohol levels suppress ribosome biogenesis, induce nucleolar stress in neuronal populations, and involve the ribosomal/MDM2/p53 pathway to cause growth arrest and apoptosis. This represents a novel mechanism of alcohol-mediated neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - George R. Flentke
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Olivia C. Rivera
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Nipun Saini
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Sandra M. Mooney
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan M. Smith
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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11
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Lin X, Li X, Li C, Wang H, Zou L, Pan J, Zhang X, He L, Rong X, Peng Y. Activation of STING signaling aggravates chronic alcohol exposure-induced cognitive impairment by increasing neuroinflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14689. [PMID: 38516831 PMCID: PMC10958405 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic alcohol exposure leads to persistent neurological disorders, which are mainly attributed to neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is essential in the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and is involved in inflammation and cellular death processes. This study was to examine the expression pattern and biological functions of STING signaling in alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Cell-free DNA was extracted from human and mouse plasma. C57BL/6J mice were given alcohol by gavage for 28 days, and behavior tests were used to determine their mood and cognition. Cultured cells were treated with ethanol for 24 hours. The STING agonist DMXAA, STING inhibitor C-176, and STING-siRNA were used to intervene the STING. qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess STING signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis. RESULTS Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was increased in individuals with AUD and mice chronically exposed to alcohol. Upregulation of STING signaling under alcohol exposure led to inflammatory responses in BV2 cells and mitochondrial apoptosis in PC12 cells. DMXAA exacerbated alcohol-induced cognitive impairment and increased the activation of microglia, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while C-176 exerted neuroprotection. CONCLUSION Activation of STING signaling played an essential role in alcohol-induced inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis in the mPFC. This study identifies STING as a promising therapeutic target for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrou Lin
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision ImmunologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalFoshanChina
| | - Xiangpen Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShanweiChina
| | - Chenguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lubin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision ImmunologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalFoshanChina
| | - Jingrui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShanweiChina
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision ImmunologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalFoshanChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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12
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Zheng Z, Sun N, Mao C, Tang Y, Lin S. Val-Leu-Leu-Tyr (VLLY) Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Cell Impairment by Improving Mitochondrial Fission. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18722-18734. [PMID: 37980612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic gastric mucosal impairment is one of the most common disorders in the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we investigated the potential alleviating effects of sea cucumber peptides on Ges-1 impairment caused by ethanol and the associated mechanisms. The sea cucumber peptide VLLY could promote the proliferation and migration of healthy Ges-1 cells. After ethanol injury, VLLY peptide treatment could greatly promote the migration of Ges-1 cells, scavenge intracellular and mitochondrial ROS, reverse mitochondrial fission and F-actin depolymerization, and improve mitochondrial respiration. VLLY peptide restored mitochondrial dynamics by downregulating Drp1 and Fis1 and upregulating Mfn2 against excessive mitochondrial fission. In addition, the VLLY peptide maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, ablated the leakage of cytochrome c to the cytoplasm, upregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-XL, decreased the expression of the proapoptotic factors of Bax, BAD, and cleaved caspase-3, and finally blocked the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. These findings strongly suggested that sea cucumber peptides could promote proliferation and migration of healthy Ges-1 cells and reverse ethanol-induced excess mitochondrial fission and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through the Fis1/Bax pathway, thereby improving ethanol-induced apoptosis. VLLY offers a new perspective for improving the ethanolic gastric mucosal epithelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Chuwen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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13
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Ghasempouri SK, Askari Z, Mohammadi H. Ameliorative effect of diazepam against ethanol-induced mitochondrial disruption in brains of the mice. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:405-412. [PMID: 37955036 PMCID: PMC10632119 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain oxidative damage and neurodegeneration by ethanol (ETH) are considered as important factors that triggered by oxidative stress. Recently, the abuse of diazepam (DZM) has increased by alcoholism-addicted patients. The present study evaluated the effects of combination treatment of ETH with DZM on oxidative damage induced in brain mitochondria of the mice. Only ETH (0.3, 0.6, and 2.5 g / kg) and ETH+ DZM (2.5 mg / kg) were administered intraperitoneally (ip) to the mice. Pathological changes and oxidative stress biomarkers including ROS, lipid peroxidation, carbonyl protein, mitochondrial function, and glutathione content were evaluated in brain mitochondria after 42 days. Results indicated that co-treatment of DZM and ETH significantly reduced mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative damage, pathological changes and increased level of glutathione. Subchronic ETH administration induced brain oxidative damage, mitochondrial disruption, and serious damage to the brain cells. Whereas, combination treatment improved oxidative damage, mitochondrial function, and pathological changes in brain cells after intoxication by ETH. These findings suggest antioxidant effect of DZM in combination with ETH and can be considered in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage attenuation in the brain. Combination therapy may be a better therapeutic candidate for prevention of brain oxidative damage induced by ETH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Khosro Ghasempouri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Askari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmacutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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14
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Wu J, Deng F, Tang X, Chen W, Zhou R, Zhao T, Mao X, Shu F. Long-term effect of PBDE-99 prenatal exposure on spermatogenic injuries via the dysregulation of autophagy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131234. [PMID: 36963198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that perinatal, especially prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) alters offspring's fertility, but little is known regarding their longitudinal effects over time. In the current study, we determined the associations between prenatal exposure to 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) of environmentally relevant levels in pregnant ICR mice and spermatogenic impairments in male offspring on postnatal day 70. Then, we monitored functional injuries in spermatogenic cells (GC-1 spg) exposed to PBDE-99 in vitro. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of PBDE-99 exposure to GC-1 spg. Additionally, the expression levels of key genes in the relevant pathways were quantified. Our findings indicated that exposure to PBDE-99 caused significantly spermatogenic injuries, which partly owing to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, dysregulation of autophagy, and finally induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis. Rescue validation experiments showed that stimulating autophagy could alleviate spermatogenic cell injury induced by PBDE-99. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the dysfunction of autophagy played a significant role in long-term reproductive toxicity following prenatal exposure to environmental concentrations of PBDE-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Fuming Deng
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangliang Tang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Carabulea AL, Janeski JD, Naik VD, Chen K, Mor G, Ramadoss J. A multi-organ analysis of the role of mTOR in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22897. [PMID: 37000494 PMCID: PMC10841000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201865r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure during gestation can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an array of cognitive and physical developmental impairments. Over the past two and a half decades, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged at the nexus of many fields of study, and has recently been implicated in FASD etiology. mTOR plays an integral role in modulating anabolic and catabolic activities, including protein synthesis and autophagy. These processes are vital for proper development and can have long lasting effects following alcohol exposure, such as impaired hippocampal and synapse formation, reduced brain size, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and memory impairments. We highlight recent advances in the field of FASD, primarily with regard to animal model discoveries and discuss the interaction between alcohol and mTOR in the context of various tissues, including brain, placenta, bone, and muscle, with respect to developmental alcohol exposure paradigms. The current review focuses on novel FASD research within the context of the mTOR signaling and sheds light on mechanistic etiologies at various biological levels including molecular, cellular, and functional, across multiple stages of development and illuminates the dichotomy between the different mTOR complexes and their unique signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Carabulea
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human growth and Development, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Joseph D. Janeski
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human growth and Development, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Vishal D. Naik
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human growth and Development, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human growth and Development, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human growth and Development, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human growth and Development, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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16
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Hao W, Zhao C, Li G, Wang H, Li T, Yan P, Wei S. Blue LED light induces cytotoxicity via ROS production and mitochondrial damage in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121195. [PMID: 36736558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of blue light irradiation on bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes. In this study, preadipocytes were divided into dark group (control) and blue light group. Results show that blue light exposure time-dependently reduced the viability of preadipocytes and induced mitochondrial damage, in accompaniment with the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, blue light caused oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased MDA level, the reduced T-AOC contents, as well as the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, blue light treatment induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest via Bcl-2/Bax/cleaved caspase-3 pathway and P53/GADD45 pathway, respectively. Protein expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I and P62 were up-regulated under blue light exposure, indicating blue light initiated autophagy but impeded autophagic degradation. Moreover, blue light caused an increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger, restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and reduced excess ROS. Additionally, the above negative effects of blue light on cells were alleviated after NAC administration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates blue light induces cellular ROS overproduction and Δψ depolarization, resulting in the decrease of cell viability and the activation of apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, providing a reference for the application of blue light in the regulation of fat cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongzhuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peishi Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Yin Z, Gong G, Wang X, Liu W, Wang B, Yin J. The dual role of autophagy in periprosthetic osteolysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1123753. [PMID: 37035243 PMCID: PMC10080036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1123753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) induced by wear particles is an important cause of aseptic loosening after artificial joint replacement, among which the imbalance of osteogenesis and osteoclastic processes occupies a central position. The cells involved in PPO mainly include osteoclasts (macrophages), osteoblasts, osteocytes, and fibroblasts. RANKL/RANK/OGP axis is a typical way for osteolysis. Autophagy, a mode of regulatory cell death and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, has a dual role in PPO. Although autophagy is activated in various periprosthetic cells and regulates the release of inflammatory cytokines, osteoclast activation, and osteoblast differentiation, its beneficial or detrimental role remains controversy. In particular, differences in the temporal control and intensity of autophagy may have different effects. This article focuses on the role of autophagy in PPO, and expects the regulation of autophagy to become a powerful target for clinical treatment of PPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Yin, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Yin, ; Bin Wang,
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18
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NF-κB1 p50 stabilizes HIF-1α protein through suppression of ATG7-dependent autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1076. [PMID: 36575197 PMCID: PMC9794792 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The function and underlying mechanisms of p50 in the regulation of protein expression is much less studied because of its lacking of transactivation domain. In this study, we discovered a novel function of p50 in its stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein under the condition of cells exposed to arsenic exposure. In p50-deficient (p50-/-) cells, the HIF-1α protein expression was impaired upon arsenic exposure, and such defect could be rescued by reconstitutional expression of p50. Mechanistic study revealed that the inhibition of autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7)-dependent autophagy was in charge of p50-mediated HIF-1α protein stabilization following arsenic exposure. Moreover, p50 deletion promoted nucleolin (NCL) protein translation to enhance ATG7 mRNA transcription via directly binding transcription factor Sp1 mRNA and increase its stability. We further discovered that p50-mediated miR-494 upregulation gave rise to the inhibition of p50-mediated NCL translation by interacting with its 3'-UTR. These novel findings provide a great insight into the understanding of biomedical significance of p50 protein in arsenite-associated disease development and therapy.
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FDA-Approved Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical and Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121546. [PMID: 36558997 PMCID: PMC9784968 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases. We previously developed a new concept termed "Aberrant Cell Cycle Diseases" (ACCD), revealing that these two diseases share a common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, which are hallmarks of both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase inhibition, tumor suppressor elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has so far approved 74 kinase inhibitors, with numerous other kinase inhibitors in clinical trials, mostly for the treatment of cancers. In contrast, there are dire unmet needs of FDA-approved drugs for neurological treatments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke (IS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and others. In this review, we list these 74 FDA-approved kinase-targeted drugs and identify those that have been reported in preclinical and/or clinical trials for neurological disorders, with a purpose of discussing the feasibility and applicability of leveraging these cancer drugs (FDA-approved kinase inhibitors) for neurological treatments.
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20
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Ma J, Ye W, Yang Y, Wu T, Wang Y, Li J, Pei R, He M, Zhang L, Zhou J. The interaction between autophagy and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by NICD/ULK1 is involved in the formation of diabetic cataracts. Mol Med 2022; 28:116. [PMID: 36104669 PMCID: PMC9476327 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness and a common ocular complication of diabetes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and altered autophagic activity occur during the development of diabetic cataracts. The disturbed interaction of autophagy with EMT in LECs stimulated by high glucose levels may participate in cataract formation.
Methods
A rat diabetic cataract model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) stimulated with a high glucose concentration were employed in the study. These models were treated with rapamycin (an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)), and N-(N-[3,5-difluorophenacetyl]-1-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT, an inhibitor of γ-secretase) alone or in combination. Lens opacity was observed and photographed under a slit-lamp microscope. Histological changes in paraffin sections of lenses were detected under a light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alterations of autophagosomes in LECs were counted and evaluated under a transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of proteins involved in the EMT, autophagy, and the signaling pathways in LECs were measured using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was determined by performing transwell and scratch wound assays. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed to verify protein-protein interactions. Proteins were overexpressed in transfected cells to confirm their roles in the signaling pathways of interest.
Results
In LECs, a high glucose concentration induces the EMT by activating Jagged1/Notch1/Notch intracellular domain (NICD)/Snail signaling and inhibits autophagy through the AKT/mTOR/unc 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, resulting in diabetic cataracts. Enhanced autophagic activity induced by rapamycin suppressed the EMT by inducing Notch1 degradation by SQSTM1/p62 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) in LECs, while inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway with DAPT not only prevented the EMT but also activated autophagy by decreasing the levels of NICD, which bound to ULK1, phosphorylated it, and then inhibited the initiation of autophagy.
Conclusions
We describe a new interaction of autophagy and the EMT involving NICD/ULK1 signaling, which mediates crosstalk between these two important events in the formation of diabetic cataracts. Activating autophagy and suppressing the EMT mutually promote each other, revealing a potential target and strategy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts.
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Saha PS, Mayhan WG. Prenatal exposure to alcohol: mechanisms of cerebral vascular damage and lifelong consequences. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2022; 2:10818. [PMID: 38390614 PMCID: PMC10880760 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2022.10818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-known teratogen, and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) leads to a greater incidence of many cardiovascular-related pathologies. Alcohol negatively impacts vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the developing fetal brain, resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Ample preclinical evidence indicates that the normal reactivity of cerebral resistance arterioles, which regulate blood flow distribution in response to metabolic demand (neurovascular coupling), is impaired by PAE. This impairment of dilation of cerebral arteries may carry implications for the susceptibility of the brain to cerebral ischemic damage well into adulthood. The focus of this review is to consolidate findings from studies examining the influence of PAE on vascular development, give insights into relevant pathological mechanisms at the vascular level, evaluate the risks of ethanol-driven alterations of cerebrovascular reactivity, and revisit different preventive interventions that may have promise in reversing vascular changes in preclinical FASD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Saha
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - William G Mayhan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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22
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Yin J, Gong G, Wan W, Liu X. Pyroptosis in spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949939. [PMID: 36467606 PMCID: PMC9715394 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often brings devastating consequences to patients and their families. Pathophysiologically, the primary insult causes irreversible damage to neurons and glial cells and initiates the secondary damage cascade, further leading to inflammation, ischemia, and cells death. In SCI, the release of various inflammatory mediators aggravates nerve injury. Pyroptosis is a new pro-inflammatory pattern of regulated cell death (RCD), mainly mediated by caspase-1 or caspase-11/4/5. Gasdermins family are pore-forming proteins known as the executor of pyroptosis and the gasdermin D (GSDMD) is best characterized. Pyroptosis occurs in multiple central nervous system (CNS) cell types, especially plays a vital role in the development of SCI. We review here the evidence for pyroptosis in SCI, and focus on the pyroptosis of different cells and the crosstalk between them. In addition, we discuss the interaction between pyroptosis and other forms of RCD in SCI. We also summarize the therapeutic strategies for pyroptosis inhibition, so as to provide novel ideas for improving outcomes following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Wan
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yuan J, Mo L, Mo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. A protective role of autophagy in fine airborne particulate matter-induced apoptosis in LN-229 cells. Toxicology 2022; 477:153271. [PMID: 35872226 PMCID: PMC10825875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a public health threat and global epidemiological studies have shown that ambient air pollutants are closely related to various poor health conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we evaluated the toxic effects and the underlying mechanisms of fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) on human glioblastoma LN-229 cells. Our results showed that exposure of LN-229 cells to PM2.5 (≥ 200 μg/mL) significantly reduced cell viability. PM2.5 exposure increased autophagy, apoptosis, and ROS production in the cells. Pre-treatment with a ROS scavenger, catalase, or depletion of mtDNA (ρ0 cells) abolished PM2.5-induced autophagy and apoptosis. PM2.5 exposure also activated MAPK signals in cells, which were blocked by catalase pre-treatment or mtDNA depletion. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK, but not ERK1/2 or p38, attenuated PM2.5-induced autophagy and apoptosis in cells. Finally, suppression of autophagy with Bafilomycin A1 or Beclin 1 siRNA exacerbated PM2.5-induced apoptosis, indicating a protective role of autophagy against PM2.5-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that exposure of LN-229 cells to PM2.5 caused autophagy and apoptosis through PM2.5-induced ROS generation, mainly by mitochondria, and JNK activation. Autophagy may have a transient protective response in PM2.5-induced apoptosis. These findings have important implications for understanding the potential neurotoxicity of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luke Mo
- duPont Manual High School, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuanbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Wang Y, Wen W, Li H, Xu H, Xu M, Ma M, Luo J. Deficiency of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor affects neurogenesis in mouse brain. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:49-56. [PMID: 35227768 PMCID: PMC10014018 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the regulation of neurogenesis in the adult brain remain unclear. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a neurotrophic factor that has been implicated in various neuropathological processes and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the role of MANF in neurogenesis has not been investigated. Using a central nervous system (CNS)-specific Manf knock-out mouse model, we examined the role of MANF in mouse neurogenesis. We demonstrated that MANF deficiency increased BrdU labeling and Ki-67 positive cells in the subgranular zone and subventricular zone. MANF knock-out-induced upregulation of proliferative activity was accompanied by a decrease of cell cycle inhibitors (p15 and p27), an increase of G2/M marker (phospho-histone H3), as well as an increase of neural progenitor markers (Sox2 and NeuroD1) in the brain. In vitro studies using N2A neuroblastoma cells showed that the gain-of-function of MANF inhibited cell cycle progression, whereas the loss-of-function of MANF promoted cell cycle progression. Collectively, our findings indicate MANF deficiency affects cell proliferation and suggest a role of MANF in the neurogenesis of the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37372, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Murong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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Prenatal ethanol exposure induces dynamic changes of expression and activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms in male rat offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 109:101-108. [PMID: 35301062 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the effect of prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) on the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes at different life stages of male rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered with ethanol (4 g/kg/d) intragastrically from gestational day (GD) 9-20. Male offspring's gene and activity of CYP isozymes were analyzed on GD 20 (only expression), postnatal day (PD) 84 and 196. Using aniline as probe, we compared the enzyme kinetics of hepatic CYP2E1 between two groups. Expression of CYP isozymes was examined in rat primary hepatocytes and human hepatic cell lines treated with ethanol or/and glucocorticoid. Gene level of Cyp1a2, 2b1, 2d1, 2e1, 3a1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor were increased in PEE group on GD 20 and PD 84 and Cyp2e1 still exhibited an increasing trend on PD 196 compared with the control. PEE inhibited CYP2D1 and 2E1 activities in male offspring on PD 84. CYP activities in two groups became the same level on PD 196. PEE induced an opposite change in gene and protein level of hepatic CYP2E1 before and after birth. In consistent with lower protein level, aniline metabolism in PEE was weaker in liver microsome. Both single and combined use of ethanol or/and glucocorticoid increased CYPs expression in vitro. In conclusion, PEE programmed a higher gene and lower protein level of CYPs in male offspring, which dwindled with age. Impairment of protein levels and enzyme activities of CYPs may affect individual metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances in early adulthood.
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26
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Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. J Control Release 2022; 345:147-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li P, Lin B, Chen Z, Liu P, Liu J, Li W, Liu P, Guo Z, Chen C. Biodegradable hollow mesoporous organosilica nanotheranostics (HMONs) as a versatile platform for multimodal imaging and phototherapeutic-triggered endolysosomal disruption in ovarian cancer. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:161-173. [PMID: 34967262 PMCID: PMC8725973 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2021322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A major impediment in the development of nanoplatform-based ovarian cancer therapy is endo/lysosome entrapment. To solve this dilemma, a hollow mesoporous organosilica-based nanoplatform (HMON@CuS/Gd2O3) with a mild-temperature photothermal therapeutic effect and multimodal imaging abilities was successfully synthesized. HMON@CuS/Gd2O3 exhibited an appropriate size distribution, L-glutathione (GSH)-responsive degradable properties, and high singlet oxygen generation characteristics. In this study, the nanoplatform specifically entered SKOV-3 cells and was entrapped in endo/lysosomes. With a mild near infrared (NIR) power density (.5 W/cm2), the HMON@CuS/Gd2O3 nanoplatform caused lysosome vacuolation, disrupted the lysosomal membrane integrity, and exerted antitumour effects in ovarian cancer. Additionally, our in vivo experiments indicated that HMON@CuS/Gd2O3 has enhanced T1 MR imaging, fluorescence (FL) imaging (wrapping fluorescent agent), and infrared thermal (IRT) imaging capacities. Using FL/MRI/IRT imaging, HMON@CuS/Gd2O3 selectively caused mild phototherapy in the cancer region, efficiently inhibiting the growth of ovarian cancer without systemic toxicity in vivo. Taken together, the results showed that these well-synthesized nanoplatforms are likely promising anticancer agents to treat ovarian cancer and show great potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingquan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhian Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoze Guo
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Zheng W, Li D, Zheng J. miR-146a-5p Promotes Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Inhibits Autophagy of Osteoarthritis by Targeting NUMB. Cartilage 2021; 13:1467S-1477S. [PMID: 34315248 PMCID: PMC8804840 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211023550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE miR-146a-5p was found to be significantly upregulated in cartilage tissue of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). NUMB was shown to be involved in the autophagy regulation process of cells. We aimed to learn whether NUMB was involved in the apoptosis or autophagy process of chondrocytes in OA and related with miR-146a-5p. METHODS QRT-PCR was used to detect miR-146a-5p level in 22 OA cartilage tissues and 22 controls. The targets of miR-146a-5p were analyzed using software and the luciferase reporter experiment. The apoptosis and autophagy, and related proteins were detected in chondrocytes treated with miR-146a-5p mimic/inhibitor or pcDNA3.1-NUMB/si-NUMB and IL-1β, respectively. In vivo experiment, intra-articular injection of miR-146a-5p antagomir/NC was administered at the knee of OA male mice before and after model construction. Chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were also detected. RESULTS miR-146a-5p was highly expressed in knee cartilage tissue of patients with OA, while NUMB was lowly expressed and negatively regulated by miR-146a-5p. Upregulation of miR-146a-5p can promote cell apoptosis and reduce autophagy of human and mouse chondrocytes by modulating the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, Beclin 1, ATG5, p62, LC3-I, and LC3-II. Increasing the low level of NUMB reversed the effects of miR-146a-5p on chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Intra-articular injection of miR-146a-5p antagomir can also reverse the effects of miR-146a-5p on the apoptosis and autophagy of knee joint chondrocytes in OA mice. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-146a-5p suppresses the apoptosis and promotes autophagy of chondrocytes by targeting NUMB in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of
Clinical Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wendi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, School of
Clinical Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Du Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of
Clinical Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, School of
Clinical Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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29
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Komsta L, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Kotlinska JH. Aversive Learning Deficits and Depressive-Like Behaviors Are Accompanied by an Increase in Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: The Protective Effect of Rapamycin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137083. [PMID: 34209274 PMCID: PMC8268794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are one of the most common consequences of ethanol exposure during pregnancy. In adulthood, these disorders can be manifested by learning and memory deficits and depressive-like behavior. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress may be one of the factors that induces FASD development. The mammalian target of the Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway that acts via two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, can affect oxidative stress. We investigated whether mTOR-dependent or mTOR-independent mechanisms are engaged in this phenomenon. Thus, Rapamycin—a selective inhibitor of mTORC1, Torin-2—a non-selective mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor, and FK-506—a drug that impacts oxidative stress in an mTOR-independent manner were used. Behavioral tests were performed in adult (PND60-65) rats using a passive avoidance (PA) task (aversive learning and memory) and forced swimming test (FST) (depressive-like behaviors). In addition, the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-sites were determined in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in adult (PND65) rats. The rat FASD model was induced by intragastric ethanol (5 g/kg/day) administration at postnatal day (PND)4–9 (an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy). All substances (3 mg/kg) were given 30 min before ethanol. Our results show that neonatal ethanol exposure leads to deficits in context-dependent fear learning and depressive-like behavior in adult rats that were associated with increased oxidative stress parameters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Because these effects were completely reversed by Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, this outcome suggests its usefulness as a preventive therapy in disorders connected with prenatal ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Komsta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-448-72-55
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30
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Wei Y, Ni L, Pan J, Li X, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. The Roles of Oxidative Stress in Regulating Autophagy in Methylmercury-induced Neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 2021; 469:175-190. [PMID: 34174372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potential neurotoxin that is highly toxic to the human central nervous system. Although MeHg neurotoxicity has been widely studied, the mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity has not yet been fully elucidated. Some research evidence suggests that oxidative stress and autophagy are important molecular mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Researchers have widely accepted that oxidative stress regulates the autophagy pathway. The current study reviews the activation of Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)-related oxidative stress pathways and autophagy signaling pathways in the case of MeHg neurotoxicity. In addition, autophagy mainly plays a role in the neurotoxicity of MeHg through mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy signaling pathways. Finally, the regulation of autophagy by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 in MeHg neurotoxicity was explored in this review, providing a new concept for the study of the neurotoxicity mechanism of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Impaired Autophagy Induced by oxLDL/ β2GPI/anti- β2GPI Complex through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS Signaling Pathways Contributes to Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6662225. [PMID: 34221236 PMCID: PMC8219424 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), and endothelial autophagy has protective effects on the development of AS. Our previous study had shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein/β2-glycoprotein I/anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody (oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI) complex could promote the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and enhance the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effects of oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex on endothelial autophagy and explore the associated potential mechanisms. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) were used as models of the vascular endothelial cells. Autophagy was evaluated by examining the expressions of autophagic proteins using western blotting analysis, autophagosome accumulation using transmission electron microscopy, and RFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral transfection and autophagic flux using lysosome inhibitor chloroquine. The expressions of phospho-PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-eNOS were determined by western blotting analysis. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin were used to determine the role of autophagy in oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. We showed that oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex suppressed the autophagy, evidenced by an increase in p62 protein, a decrease in LC3-II and Beclin1, and a reduction of autophagosome generation in endothelial cells. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy was associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS signaling pathways. Rapamycin attenuated oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, whereas 3-MA alone induced the endothelial injury. Our results suggested that oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex inhibited endothelial autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS signaling pathways and further contributed to endothelial cell dysfunction. Collectively, our findings provided a novel mechanism for vascular endothelial injury in AS patients with an antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) background.
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Yang C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Ma M, Wang S, Chai L, Guo H, Hu L. Salvianolate lyophilized injection regulates the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113898. [PMID: 33556476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Activation of autophagy has been implicated in cerebral ischiemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Salvianolate lyophilized injection (SLI) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular disease in China. Whether SLI has any influence on the activation of autophagy in cerebral I/R injury remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study were to assess whether SLI attenuates I/R-induced brain injury and evaluate its associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). SLI (21 mg/kg) was injected intravenously at the beginning of the reperfusion period and 24 and 48 h after ischaemia. The effects of SLI on brain injury were detected according to infarct volume, neurological score, brain oedema, and HE and TUNEL staining at 72 h post-MCAO. Western blotting was used to detect alterations in the autophagy-relevant proteins LC3, Beclin-1, mTOR, p62, Lamp-1, and CTSD in the ipsilateral cortex at 24 or 72 h post-MCAO. RESULTS We first demonstrated that SLI significantly alleviated the infarct volume, neurological deficits, and brain oedema, and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells in rats with cerebral I/R injury. Next, we found that SLI has a bidirectional regulatory effect on autophagy: early-stage (24 h) cerebral ischaemia promotes the activation of autophagy and developmental-stage (72 h) cerebral ischaemia has an inhibitory effect. SLI enhanced I/R-induced autophagy as evidenced by the increased expression level of the autophagy marker protein LC3Ⅱ, as well as the decreased expression of mTOR and the autophagy substrate protein p62, but there was no change in lysosomal activity at 24 h after I/R-induced injury. Moreover, SLI also inhibited excessive activation of autophagy at 72 h after I/R-induced injury, which manifested as downregulating LC3Ⅱ expression, upregulating mTOR and p62 expression, and inhibiting lysosomal activity. CONCLUSION SLI has a protective effect on cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury, which may be mediated by the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshuo Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Beijing Northen Hospital of Weaponry Industry, #10 CheDaoGou, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lijuan Chai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Limin Hu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Antolak A, Grochecki P, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Listos J, Kedzierska E, Suder P, Silberring J, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Spatial Learning Deficits, Vulnerability to Alcohol Addiction and Altered Expression of the GluN2B Subunit of the NMDA Receptor in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050650. [PMID: 33924998 PMCID: PMC8147055 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during pregnancy alters the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the fetal brain. Hence, in adult rats exposed to ethanol during the neonatal period, we investigated the influence of rapamycin, an mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, on deficits in spatial memory and reversal learning in the Barnes maze task, as well as the ethanol-induced rewarding effects (1.0 or 1.5 g/kg) using the conditioning place preference (CPP) paradigm. Rapamycin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was given before intragastric ethanol (5 g/kg/day) administration at postnatal day (PND)4–9 (an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy). Spatial memory/reversal learning and rewarding ethanol effect were evaluated in adult (PND60–70) rats. Additionally, the impact of rapamycin pre-treatment on the expression of the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptor in the brain was assessed in adult rats. Our results show that neonatal ethanol exposure induced deficits in spatial memory and reversal learning in adulthood, but the reversal learning outcome may have been due to spatial learning impairments rather than cognitive flexibility impairments. Furthermore, in adulthood the ethanol treated rats were also more sensitive to the rewarding effect of ethanol than the control group. Rapamycin prevented the neonatal effect of ethanol and normalized the GluN2B down-regulation in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, as well as normalized this subunit’s up-regulation in the striatum of adult rats. Our results suggest that rapamycin and related drugs may hold promise as a preventive therapy for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lopatynska-Mazurek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (P.G.); (E.G.-T.); (J.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Antolak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.); (A.B.-K.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Pawel Grochecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (P.G.); (E.G.-T.); (J.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (P.G.); (E.G.-T.); (J.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.); (A.B.-K.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (P.G.); (E.G.-T.); (J.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Kedzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (P.G.); (E.G.-T.); (J.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.); (A.B.-K.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.); (A.B.-K.); (P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (P.G.); (E.G.-T.); (J.L.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-4487255
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Salavrakos M, Leclercq S, De Timary P, Dom G. Microbiome and substances of abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110113. [PMID: 32971216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing amount of evidence showing a reciprocal relation between the gut microbiota and the brain. Substance use disorders (SUD), which are a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, have an influence on the gut microbiota and on the gut-brain axis. The communication between the microbiota and the brain exists through different pathways: (1) the immune response elicited by bacterial products, coupled with alterations of the intestinal barrier allowing these products to enter the bloodstream, (2) the direct and indirect effects of bacterial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or tryptophan on the brain, (3) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, whose peripheral afferents can be influenced by the microbiota, and can in turn activate microglia. Among substances of abuse, alcohol has been the subject of the greatest number of studies in this field. In some but not all patients suffering from alcohol-use-disorder (AUD), alcohol alters the composition of the gut microbiota and the permeability of the intestinal barrier, directly and through dysbiosis. It has also been well demonstrated that alcohol induces a peripheral inflammation; it is still unclear whether it induces a central inflammation, as there are contradictory results in human studies. In animal studies, it has been shown that neuroinflammation increases during alcohol withdrawal. Literature on opioids and stimulants is less numerous. Chronic morphine intake induces dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and a probable neuroinflammation, which could explain symptoms such as tolerance, hyperalgesia and deficit in reward behavior. Cocaine induces a dysbiosis and conversely the microbiome can modulate the behavioral response to stimulant drugs. Tobacco cessation is associated with an increase in microbiota diversity. Taken together, the findings of our narrative literature review suggest a bidirectional influence in the pathogenesis of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salavrakos
- Target Journal Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Belgium
| | - S Leclercq
- Target Journal Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Belgium
| | - P De Timary
- Target Journal Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Belgium
| | - G Dom
- Target Journal Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Belgium.
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Qin C, Hu J, Wan Y, Cai M, Wang Z, Peng Z, Liao Y, Li D, Yao P, Liu L, Rong S, Bao W, Xu G, Yang W. Narrative review on potential role of gut microbiota in certain substance addiction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110093. [PMID: 32898589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a neuropsychiatric disorder, substance addiction represents a major public health issue with high prevalence and mortality in many countries. Recently, gut microbiota has been certified to play a part in substance addiction through various mechanisms. Hence, we mainly focused on three substance including alcohol, cocaine and methamphetamine in this review, and summarized their relationships with gut microbiota, respectively. Besides, we also concluded the possible treatments for substance addiction from the perspective of applying gut microbiota. This review aims to build a bridge between substance addiction and gut microbiota according to existing evidences, so as to excavate the possible bi-directional function of microbiota-gut-brain axis in substance addiction for developing therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guifeng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Pankowska A, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Pietura R, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021; 11:362. [PMID: 33673489 PMCID: PMC7997340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/ threonine kinase, is implicated in synaptic plasticity by controlling protein synthesis. Research suggests that ethanol exposure during pregnancy alters the mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal hippocampus. Thus, we investigated the influence of pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, on the development of recognition memory deficits in adult rats that were neonatally exposed to ethanol. In the study, male and female rat pups received ethanol (5 g/kg/day) by intragastric intubation at postanatal day (PND 4-9), an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Rapamycin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally before every ethanol administration. Short- and long-term recognition memory was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in adult (PND 59/60) rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were also evaluated to exclude the influence of such behavior on the outcome of the memory task. Moreover, the effects of rapamycin pre-treatment during neonatal ethanol exposure on the content of amino-acids and amines essential for the proper development of cognitive function in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in male adult (PND 60) rats. Our results show the deleterious effect of ethanol given to neonatal rats on long-term recognition memory in adults. The effect was more pronounced in male rather than female rats. Rapamycin reversed this ethanol-induced memory impairment and normalized the levels of amino acids and amines in the DG. This suggests the involvement of mTORC1 in the deleterious effect of ethanol on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lopatynska-Mazurek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Anna Pankowska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Radoslaw Pietura
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
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Fujii C, Zorumski CF, Izumi Y. Ethanol, neurosteroids and cellular stress responses: Impact on central nervous system toxicity, inflammation and autophagy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:168-178. [PMID: 33561510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake can impair brain function, in addition to other organs such as the liver and kidney. In the brain ethanol can be detrimental to memory formation, through inducing the integrated stress response/endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response and the molecular mechanisms linking stress to other events such as NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammation and autophagy. This literature review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ethanol-induced damage with endoplasmic reticulum stress, integrated stress response, NLRP3 inflammation and autophagy, while discussing the impact of neurosteroids and oxysterols, including allopregnanolone, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol, on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Wang Y, Wen W, Li H, Clementino M, Xu H, Xu M, Ma M, Frank J, Luo J. MANF is neuroprotective against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration through ameliorating ER stress. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 148:105216. [PMID: 33296727 PMCID: PMC7856049 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a spectrum of developmental disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuronal loss or neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most devastating features in FASD. It is imperative to delineate the underlying mechanisms to facilitate the treatment of FASD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark and an underlying mechanism of many neurodegenerative diseases, including ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) responds to ER stress and has been identified as a protein upregulated in response to ethanol exposure during the brain development. To investigate the role of MANF in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration and its association with ER stress regulation, we established a CNS-specific Manf knockout mouse model and examined the effects of MANF deficiency on ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis and ER stress using a third-trimester equivalent mouse model. We found MANF deficiency exacerbated ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis and ER stress and that blocking ER stress abrogated the harmful effects of MANF deficiency on ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, using an animal model of ER-stress-induced neurodegeneration, we demonstrated that MANF deficiency potentiated tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress and neurodegeneration. A whole transcriptome RNA sequencing also supported the functionality of MANF in ER stress modulation and revealed targets that may mediate the ER stress-buffering capacity of MANF. Collectively, these results suggest that MANF is a neurotrophic factor that can protect neurons against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration by ameliorating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Marco Clementino
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Murong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Frank
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America; Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States of America.
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Bensalem J, Hattersley KJ, Hein LK, Teong XT, Carosi JM, Hassiotis S, Grose RH, Fourrier C, Heilbronn LK, Sargeant TJ. Measurement of autophagic flux in humans: an optimized method for blood samples. Autophagy 2020; 17:3238-3255. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1846302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bensalem
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn J. Hattersley
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leanne K. Hein
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xiao Tong Teong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julian M. Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sofia Hassiotis
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Randall H. Grose
- ACRF Innovative Cancer Imaging Facility, Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Célia Fourrier
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Oei JL. Alcohol use in pregnancy and its impact on the mother and child. Addiction 2020; 115:2148-2163. [PMID: 32149441 DOI: 10.1111/add.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the outcomes of the mother and child. DESIGN Narrative review. SETTING Review of literature. PARTICIPANTS Mothers and infants affected by prenatal alcohol use. MEASUREMENTS Outcomes of mothers and children. FINDINGS Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the most important causes of preventable cognitive impairment in the world. The developing neurological system is exquisitely sensitive to harm from alcohol and there is now also substantial evidence that alcohol-related harm can extend beyond the individual person, leading to epigenetic changes and intergenerational vulnerability and disadvantage. There is no known safe level or timing of drinking for pregnant or lactating women and binge drinking (> four drinks within 2 hours for women) is the most harmful. Alcohol-exposure increases the risk of congenital problems, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and its most severe form, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). CONCLUSION The impact of FASD and FAS is enduring and life-long with no current treatment or cure. Emerging therapeutic options may mitigate the worst impact of alcohol exposure but significant knowledge gaps remain. This review discusses the history, epidemiology and clinical presentations of prenatal alcohol exposure, focusing on FASD and FAS, and the impact of evidence on future research, practice and policy directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Lee Oei
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Department of Newborn Care, the Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Drug and Alcohol Services, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, NSW, Australia
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The Anaerobic Product Ethanol Promotes Autophagy-Dependent Submergence Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197361. [PMID: 33028029 PMCID: PMC7583018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to hypoxia under submergence, plants switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic fermentation, which leads to the accumulation of the end product, ethanol. We previously reported that Arabidopsis thaliana autophagy-deficient mutants show increased sensitivity to ethanol treatment, indicating that ethanol is likely involved in regulating the autophagy-mediated hypoxia response. Here, using a transcriptomic analysis, we identified 3909 genes in Arabidopsis seedlings that were differentially expressed in response to ethanol treatment, including 2487 upregulated and 1422 downregulated genes. Ethanol treatment significantly upregulated genes involved in autophagy and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Using transgenic lines expressing AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8e fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP-ATG8e), we confirmed that exogenous ethanol treatment promotes autophagosome formation in vivo. Phenotypic analysis showed that deletions in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene in adh1 mutants result in attenuated submergence tolerance, decreased accumulation of ATG proteins, and diminished submergence-induced autophagosome formation. Compared to the submergence-tolerant Arabidopsis accession Columbia (Col-0), the submergence-intolerant accession Landsberg erecta (Ler) displayed hypersensitivity to ethanol treatment; we linked these phenotypes to differences in the functions of ADH1 and the autophagy machinery between these accessions. Thus, ethanol promotes autophagy-mediated submergence tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Luo F, Sandhu AF, Rungratanawanich W, Williams GE, Akbar M, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197174. [PMID: 32998479 PMCID: PMC7584015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are considered to be common pathophysiological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a cellular basic metabolic process that degrades the aggregated or misfolded proteins and abnormal organelles in cells. The abnormal regulation of neuronal autophagy is accompanied by the accumulation and deposition of irregular proteins, leading to changes in neuron homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Autophagy exhibits both a protective mechanism and a damage pathway related to programmed cell death. Because of its "double-edged sword", autophagy plays an important role in neurological damage and NDDs including AD, PD, HD, OPIDN, and ALS. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects. It can prevent cell death, reduce inflammation, block calcium channels, etc. In this review, we briefly discuss the neuroprotective role of melatonin against various NDDs via regulating autophagy, which could be a new field for future translational research and clinical studies to discover preventive or therapeutic agents for many NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Aaron F. Sandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - George E. Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Alcohol as an early life stressor: Epigenetics, metabolic, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:654-668. [PMID: 32976915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during gestation is an early life stressor that profoundly dysregulates structure and functions of the embryonal nervous system, altering the cognitive and behavioral development. Such dysregulation is also achieved by epigenetic mechanisms, which, altering the chromatin structure, redraw the entire pattern of gene expression. In parallel, an oxidative stress response at the cellular level and a global upregulation of neuroendocrine stress response, regulated by the HPA axis, exist and persist in adulthood. This neurobehavioral framework matches those observed in other psychiatric diseases such as mood diseases, depression, autism; those early life stressing events, although probably triggered by specific and different epigenetic mechanisms, give rise to largely overlapping neurobehavioral phenotypes. An early diagnosis of prenatal alcohol exposure, using reliable markers of ethanol intake, together with a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms, some of them reversible by their nature, can offer a temporal "window" of intervention. Supplementing a mother's diet with protective and antioxidant substances in addition to supportive psychological therapies can protect newborns from being affected.
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Wang Z, Liu Q, Lu J, Cao J, Wang XY, Chen Y. Lidocaine promotes autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells through inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by upregulating miR-145. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:467-473. [PMID: 32905277 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine is one of the most common local anesthetics (LA) used in clinical practice and it is neurotoxic. Recent studies suggested that LA, including lidocaine, could exert protective effect over neurotoxicity by promoting autophagy. However, the underlying mechanism was not sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to explore the mechanism behind. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used throughout the whole study. The effect of lidocaine on viability, toxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were analyzed by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. The relative expression of miR-145 was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The impact which lidocaine brought on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy-related proteins were examined by the western blot assay. LC3B was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The interaction between miR-145 and AKT3 was conducted by the dual-luciferase reporting assay. Lidocaine inhibited viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a time and dose dependent manner and enhanced the release of LDH in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the expression of miR-145 and autophagy were enhanced by lidocaine. Transfection with miR-145 inhibitor inhibited the release of LDH and autophagy. miR-145 targeted AKT3 to inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Finally, lidocaine inactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways via upregulation of miR-145, and it subsequently promoted autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells. However, silence of miR-145 could reverse the promotion of the autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that lidocaine promoted autophagy of nerve cells via regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Administration , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
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Almeida L, Andreu-Fernández V, Navarro-Tapia E, Aras-López R, Serra-Delgado M, Martínez L, García-Algar O, Gómez-Roig MD. Murine Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32760684 PMCID: PMC7373736 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol toxicity are not completely understood. Experimental studies during human pregnancy to identify new diagnostic biomarkers are difficult to carry out beyond genetic or epigenetic analyses in biological matrices. Therefore, animal models are a useful tool to study the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system and analyze the benefits of promising therapies. Animal models of alcohol spectrum disorder allow the analysis of key variables such as amount, timing and frequency of ethanol consumption to describe the harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this review, we aim to synthetize neurodevelopmental disabilities in rodent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes, considering facial dysmorphology and fetal growth restriction. We examine the different neurodevelopmental stages based on the most consistently implicated epigenetic mechanisms, cell types and molecular pathways, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of murine models in the study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the different routes of alcohol administration, and alcohol consumption patterns applied to rodents. Finally, we analyze a wide range of phenotypic features to identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes in murine models, exploring facial dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental deficits, and growth restriction, as well as the methodologies used to evaluate behavioral and anatomical alterations produced by prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Almeida
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Health Deparment, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aras-López
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Congenital Malformations Lab, Institute of Medicine and Molecular Genetic (INGEMM), Institute for Health Research of La Paz Universitary Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Martínez
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Congenital Malformations Lab, Institute of Medicine and Molecular Genetic (INGEMM), Institute for Health Research of La Paz Universitary Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar García-Algar
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, IDIBAPS, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gómez-Roig
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Peng H, Qin X, Chen S, Ceylan AF, Dong M, Lin Z, Ren J. Parkin deficiency accentuates chronic alcohol intake-induced tissue injury and autophagy defects in brain, liver and skeletal muscle. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:665-674. [PMID: 32427312 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism leads to organ injury including mitochondrial defect and apoptosis with evidence favoring a role for autophagy dysregulation in alcoholic damage. Parkin represents an autosomal recessive inherited gene for Parkinson's disease and an important member of selective autophagy for mitochondria. The association between Parkinson's disease and alcoholic injury remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the effect of parkin deficiency on chronic alcohol intake-induced organ injury in brain, liver and skeletal muscle (rectus femoris muscle). Adult parkin-knockout (PRK-/-) and wild-type mice were placed on Liber-De Carli alcohol liquid diet (4%) for 12 weeks prior to assessment of liver enzymes, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, protein carbonyl content, apoptosis, hematoxylin and eosin morphological staining, and mitochondrial respiration (cytochrome c oxidase, NADH:cytochrome c reductase and succinate:cytochrome c reductase). Autophagy protein markers were monitored by western blot analysis. Our data revealed that chronic alcohol intake imposed liver injury as evidenced by elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase, glucose intolerance, elevated protein carbonyl formation, apoptosis, focal inflammation, necrosis, microvesiculation, autophagy/mitophagy failure and dampened mitochondrial respiration (complex IV, complexes I and III, and complexes II and III) in the brain, liver and rectus femoris skeletal muscle. Although parkin ablation itself did not generate any notable effects on liver enzymes, insulin sensitivity, tissue carbonyl damage, apoptosis, tissue morphology, autophagy or mitochondrial respiration, it accentuated alcohol intake-induced tissue damage, apoptosis, morphological change, autophagy/mitophagy failure and mitochondrial injury without affecting insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that parkin plays an integral role in the preservation against alcohol-induced organ injury, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency and ICU, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Asli F Ceylan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaofen Lin
- Department of Emergency and ICU, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tan XH, Zhang KK, Xu JT, Qu D, Chen LJ, Li JH, Wang Q, Wang HJ, Xie XL. Luteolin alleviates methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway-modulated apoptosis and autophagy in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111179. [PMID: 32035215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive stimulant that results in serious and persistent neurotoxic effects. Studies have indicated that luteolin, a flavonoid, may confer neuroprotection against neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, the effects of luteolin on METH-induced neurotoxicity have not been sufficiently verified. In the present study, Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with luteolin (100 mg/kg) or sodium dodecyl sulfate water, followed by administration of METH (15 mg/kg) or saline. Rat striata were then collected for RNA-sequencing and subsequent analyses. A total of 347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the METH group with 20 pathways, including the phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), found to be enriched by the KEGG analysis. Seventy-five of the 347 DEGs were modulated in luteolin-pretreated rats, which were enriched into 12 pathways, containing the PI3K/Akt. Results further showed that luteolin pretreatment significantly repressed the METH-induced increases of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p53, Bax, caspase 3, normalized the ratio of p-Akt/Akt, and autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, Atg5 and LC3-II) expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that luteolin attenuates METH-induced apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway. In this case, it exerts protection against METH-induced neurotoxicity. This provides a platform for development of potential therapies for METH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Tan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Qu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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Sangaunchom P, Dharmasaroja P. Caffeine Potentiates Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity Through mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 Inhibition in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:131-140. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581819900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a popular psychostimulant, which is frequently consumed with ethanol. However, the effects of caffeine on neuronal cells constantly exposed to ethanol have not been investigated. Apoptosis and oxidative stress occurring in ethanol-induced neurotoxicity were previously associated with decreased phosphorylation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling proteins. Evidence also suggested that caffeine inhibits the mTOR pathway. In this study, human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to caffeine after pretreatment for 24 hours with ethanol. Results indicated that both ethanol and caffeine caused neuronal cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to 20-mM caffeine for 24 hours magnified reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptotic cell death induced by 200 mM of ethanol pretreatment. The phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 markedly decreased in cells exposed to caffeine after ethanol pretreatment, associated with a decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These findings suggested that caffeine treatment after neuronal cells were exposed to ethanol resulted in marked cell damages, mediated through enhanced inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling leading to impaired ΔΨm and, eventually, apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsak Sangaunchom
- Faculty of Science, Toxicology Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Permphan Dharmasaroja
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anatomy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Dharmasaroja is now with Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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Qiu S, Sun L, Zhang Y, Han S. Downregulation of BAG3 attenuates cisplatin resistance by inhibiting autophagy in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1969-1978. [PMID: 31423267 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common malignant gynecological tumors. Interval cytoreductive surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy are the standard treatments. However, acquired resistance to cisplatin presents a major challenge for improving the overall survival and prognosis of patients. Recent evidence indicates that cytoprotective functions of autophagy in cancer cells is a potential mechanism for chemoresistance. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for cisplatin resistance in EOC cell lines. The results revealed that cisplatin activated autophagy, measured by an increase in the expression of LC3-II by western blot analysis, protecting ovarian cancer cells from cisplatin toxicity. The present study also identified Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) as a novel autophagy regulator that serves a role in cisplatin resistance. Treatment with cisplatin was observed to enhance BAG3 expression in parental and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, and the downregulation of BAG3 blocked cisplatin-induced autophagy, thereby increasing cisplatin sensitivity in the EOC cell lines. In conclusion, BAG3 attenuates cisplatin resistance by inhibiting autophagy, suggesting that downregulation of BAG3 may be a useful therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance by preventing cytoprotective autophagy in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Abstract
Innate immune signaling is an important feature in the pathology of alcohol use disorders. Alcohol abuse causes persistent innate immune activation in the brain. This is seen in postmortem human alcoholic brain specimens, as well as in primate and rodent models of alcohol consumption. Further, in vitro models of alcohol exposure in neurons and glia also demonstrate innate immune activation. The activation of the innate immune system seems to be important in the development of alcohol use pathology, as anti-immune therapies reduce pathology and ethanol self-administration in rodent models. Further, innate immune activation has been identified in each of the stages of addiction: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/craving. This suggests that innate immune activation may play a role both in the development and maintenance of alcoholic pathology. In this chapter, we discuss the known contributions of innate immune signaling in the pathology of alcohol use disorders, and present potential therapeutic interventions that may be beneficial for alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Coleman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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