1
|
Husain W, Ijaz F, Husain MA, Achraf A, Isa HM, Trabelsi K, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pakpour AH, Jahrami H. Gerascophobia or Excessive Fear of Aging Scale (GEFAS): Development, validation, and exploration of psychometric properties of a brief instrument using classical testing theory and item response theory. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2025; 128:105599. [PMID: 39168076 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gerascophobia, or excessive fear of aging, is thought to be caused by a mixture of cognitive, experiential, and physiological factors acting on a person at particular time points. Measurement tools for evaluating geraschophobia remain insufficiently developed, despite this commonplace fear's distress. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to develop and validate the Gerascophobia or Excessive Fear of Aging Scale (GEFAS) and analyze its psychometric properties. METHODS Three successive investigations were carried out with a total of 1594 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the GEFAS. Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed by examining relationships with measures of depression, anxiety, stress, death anxiety, psychosocial illness, and life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate factors that predict fear of aging. RESULTS The GEFAS demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach alpha >0.8). Factor analysis supported a single-factor solution for the scale (fitness indices CFI, TLI, NNFI, NFI, RFI, and MFI all > 0.95; RMSEA=0.06. Significant positive correlations were found between fear of aging and depression (r = 0.270; p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.311; p < 0.01), stress (r = 0.285; p < 0.01), death anxiety (r = 0.600; p < 0.01), and psychosocial illness (r = 0.243; p < 0.01). A significant inverse correlation was observed with life satisfaction. Gender differences were also noted, with women exhibiting greater fear of aging than men (p < 0.01; d = 0.488). CONCLUSION The GEFAS fills a significant gap in the psychological/psychiatric literature as a useful tool for evaluating the fear of aging. The study concludes that the excessive fear of aging contributes to poor mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Husain
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farrukh Ijaz
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Husain
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ammar Achraf
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Hasan M Isa
- Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kessler A, Mueller MB. Induced resistance to herbivory and the intelligent plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2345985. [PMID: 38687704 PMCID: PMC11062368 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant induced responses to environmental stressors are increasingly studied in a behavioral ecology context. This is particularly true for plant induced responses to herbivory that mediate direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. These seemingly adaptive alterations of plant defense phenotypes in the context of other environmental conditions have led to the discussion of such responses as intelligent behavior. Here we consider the concept of plant intelligence and some of its predictions for chemical information transfer in plant interaction with other organisms. Within this framework, the flow, perception, integration, and storage of environmental information are considered tunable dials that allow plants to respond adaptively to attacking herbivores while integrating past experiences and environmental cues that are predictive of future conditions. The predictive value of environmental information and the costs of acting on false information are important drivers of the evolution of plant responses to herbivory. We identify integrative priming of defense responses as a mechanism that allows plants to mitigate potential costs associated with acting on false information. The priming mechanisms provide short- and long-term memory that facilitates the integration of environmental cues without imposing significant costs. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary prediction of the plant intelligence hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael B. Mueller
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bertagnoli T, Durning S, Soh M, Merkebu J. Physicians have feelings: illuminating the relationship between emotional valence, clinical reasoning and context specificity. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2404299. [PMID: 39312718 PMCID: PMC11421128 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2404299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research demonstrates that emotions play an important role in clinical reasoning (CR); however, the relationship between emotional valence, CR, and the context in which reasoning takes place, remains to be empirically explored. While situated cognition has been used to investigate CR and context specificity (e.g. the presence of contextual factors, things other than the information directly related to establishing a diagnosis), it has not explicitly examined the role of emotional valence during CR encounters. Our research question was how do emotional valence and arousal emerge in CR, particularly in the presence or absence of contextual factors? METHODS Physicians (n = 45) reviewed two video cases, one with contextual factors and one without. Immediately afterwards, participants completed a 'think-aloud' while reviewing cases. Thematic analysis was used to code transcribed think-alouds for CR activities, emotional valence (positive, neutral or negative) and arousal by three researchers. Frequencies and relationships between codes were compared, both in the presence or absence of contextual factors. RESULTS The majority of emotional valence codes were neutral (85.2%), with negative valence more frequent (11.2%) than positive valence (3.5%). Five CR themes were consistently demonstrated: knowledge organization (with two sub-themes of linking and differential diagnosis formation), proceeding with caution, curiosity, assumption, and reflection. In the presence of contextual factors, there was an increase in negative valence with a decrease in positive valence, as well as a shift in CR from knowledge organization to curiosity and proceeding with caution. DISCUSSION The complex interaction between clinical reasoning themes, emotional valence, and changes with contextual factors have important implications for clinical practice, education, and future research on CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Durning
- Center of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Soh
- Center of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerusalem Merkebu
- Center of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wiglesworth A, White EJ, Bendezú JJ, Roediger DJ, Weiss H, Luciana M, Fiecas MB, Cullen KR, Klimes-Dougan B. A multi-level examination of impulsivity and links to suicide ideation among Native American youth. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:923-933. [PMID: 39243820 PMCID: PMC11496027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite preliminary evidence that links impulsivity to suicide risk among Native American youth, impulsivity has not been directly studied in relation to suicide ideation (SI) or behaviors in this population. We examined indexes of rapid-response impulsivity (RRI) across multiple levels of analysis (self-report, behavioral, neurobiological) and associations with SI among Native American youth ages 9-10 in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. METHODS Data from the sample (n = 284) included self-report (UPPS-P), behavioral (Stop Signal Task), and neurobiological (right inferior frontal gyrus activation) indicators of RRI. RRI indicators were modeled using variable-centered (i.e., traditional multivariable regression) and person-centered (i.e., clustering analyses) approaches in measuring their association with SI. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher negative urgency was associated with higher odds of SI (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.23, p = 0.015). Latent profile analysis clustered youth into five profiles based on within-individual variation in RRI indicators. Youth with an elevated self-reported negative and positive urgency profile had higher odds of reporting SI than "normative" youth (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.38, p = 0.019). LIMITATIONS Limitations of this study include the modest sample size particularly regarding SI (14.1 %), potential bias in estimates of lifetime SI, and generalizability to youth from specific Native American communities. CONCLUSIONS Negative urgency may increase risk for SI among Native American youth in late childhood. Clinical implications, including the potential for person-centered RRI profiles to act as candidate markers of suicide risk and resilience in adolescence and inform safety assessments and planning, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wiglesworth
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, United States of America.
| | - Evan J White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, United States of America; University of Tulsa, Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, United States of America
| | - Jason José Bendezú
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Donovan J Roediger
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | - Hannah Weiss
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Monica Luciana
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Mark B Fiecas
- University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu C, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Lin R, Wu Y, Wang D. The impact of family climate on problematic internet use: Findings from one nationwide study in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:350-358. [PMID: 39236882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing attention paid to problematic internet use (PIU), this study aims to i) explore the prevalence of PIU based on a nationally representative sample and ii) propose and validate the theoretical model that correlates family climate with PIU. METHODS One national cross-sectional study was conducted with probability sampling and stratified sampling. Overall, 21,854 sample were included and analyzed. Validated measures of family climate, loneliness, and PIU was distributed and collected from June 2022 to August 2022. RESULTS The overall prevalence of PIU in the sample population is approximately 30.86 %. The model findings showed that family communication and family health had indirect effects of -0.12 and - 0.05 on PIU by the mediating effects of loneliness. The indirect effect explained 80.0 % of the total effect of family communication on PIU and 38.5 % of family health on PIU, highlighting the dominance effects of path family communication and PIU via loneliness. Extended family type (-0.047, p = 0.050), low family income (income≤3000 group, -0.127, p < 0.001) were identified as protective factors against PIU, while not living with family members (0.034, p = 0.021) was identified as risk factors of PIU. LIMITATIONS The nature of cross-sectional data have the limitation of preventing examining the casual relationships of PIU and the loneliness and family climate, in which future longitudinal study design is needed. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of PIU should be given adequate attention. Optimizing the family climate or family atmosphere by improving positive communication skills, providing family support and family health external resources can be served as effective strategies for controlling PIU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- School of Health Management and Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No. 13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Health Management and Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No. 13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Health Management and Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No. 13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yushu Liu
- School of Health Management and Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No. 13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rujiao Lin
- School of Health Management and Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No. 13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road No.16, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430000, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road No.16, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430000, China; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road No.16, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu X, Huebner ES, Tian L. Developmental trajectories of loneliness in Chinese children: Environmental and personality predictors. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:453-461. [PMID: 39236883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the developmental trajectories of loneliness in Chinese children and examine the predictive roles of domain-specific environmental factors (i.e., family dysfunction and satisfaction of relatedness needs at school), personality factors (i.e., neuroticism and extraversion), and their interactions in these developmental trajectories. METHODS A total of 702 Chinese children (Mage = 8.95, SD = 0.76; 54.1 % boys) participated in assessments at six time points over three years at six-month intervals. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to estimate trajectory classes for loneliness, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses exploring associations between these classes and predictors. RESULTS GMM analyses identified three distinct trajectories of loneliness: "low-stable" (81.5 %), "moderate-increasing" (9.4 %), and "high-decreasing" (9.1 %). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction and neuroticism served as risk factors for adverse loneliness trajectories, while satisfaction of relatedness needs at school and extraversion acted as protective factors. Furthermore, the interaction between family dysfunction and extraversion indicated that extraversion did not mitigate the adverse effects of high family dysfunction on children's loneliness, emphasizing the vital need to support positive family functioning among all children. LIMITATIONS This study did not incorporate biological variables (e.g., genetics), which are crucial in the evolutionary theory of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The identification of three distinct trajectory groups of children's loneliness, along with key environmental and personality predictors, suggests that interventions should be tailored to each group's unique characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Wu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tea A, Ovid D. A Model for Emotional Intelligence in Biology Education Research. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024; 23:es12. [PMID: 39437126 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.23-10-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Informed by social science fields including psychology and public health, we propose a Model for Emotional Intelligence to advance biology education research in affective learning. The model offers a shared discourse for biology education researchers to develop and assess evidence-based strategies to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions for students and instructors in life sciences classrooms. We begin by reviewing the connection between stress, emotional invalidation, Sense of Belonging, and Science Identity as it relates to emotions in undergraduate life sciences classrooms. Next, we highlight the impact that emotionally invalidating classroom environments have on science students' development of psychological distress, maladaptive coping, and high-risk behaviors. Assuming Emotional Intelligence can be taught and learned (i.e., the ability model of Emotional Intelligence), we develop a Model for Emotional Intelligence to advance biology education research in this arena. This essay aims to inform assessments of current and future interventions designed to counteract emotional invalidation and encourage the development of emotional management among students and instructors. In alignment with our collective effort to support student well-being in the life sciences, the study of Emotional Intelligence in undergraduate biology education has the potential to support student mental health as future scientists and health care practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ash Tea
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Dax Ovid
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cen YS, Xia LX. Serial Cascade Effects of Relative Deprivation and Anger Rumination on the Development of Social Aggression Over 2.5 Years in Emerging Adults. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:2762-2775. [PMID: 38849686 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of development of aggression have been focused on day by day, the complicated effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of social aggression in emerging adults have not been uncovered. A serial cascade model of aggression was proposed to address this issue. A longitudinal investigation over 2.5 years was conducted to test this model by exploring the serial cascade effects of relative deprivation (a representative of distal factors) and anger rumination (a representative of proximal factors) on the development of social aggression. A total of 1113 Chinese university students (Mage = 18.95 ± 0.96, 63.10% female) from six universities in five areas participated in this study. The results suggest that developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in anger rumination mediate the relationship between developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in relative deprivation and social aggression, and developmental trajectories and changes in relative deprivation mediate the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and social aggression. These findings support the serial cascade effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of aggression and expand upon the general aggression model (GAM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Cen
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lobbestael J, Wolf F, Gollwitzer M, Baumeister RF. Those who (enjoy to) hurt: The influence of dark personality traits on animal- and human directed sadistic pleasure. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101963. [PMID: 38739973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sadistic pleasure - gratuitous enjoyment from inflicting pain on others - has devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The current knowledge on non-sexual, everyday sadism - a trait that resides within the general population - is scarce. The present study therefore focussed on personality correlates of sadistic pleasure. It investigated the relationship between the Dark Triad traits, and both dispositional and state-level sadistic pleasure. METHODS N = 120 participants filled out questionnaires to assess their level of Dark Triad traits, psychopathy subfactors, and dispositional sadism. Then, participants engaged in an animal-directed task in which they were led to believe that they were killing bugs; and in a human-directed task where they could ostensibly noise blasts another participant. The two behavioral tasks were administered within-subjects, in randomized order. Sadistic pleasure was captured by increases in reported pleasure from pre-to post-task. RESULTS All Dark Triad traits related to increased dispositional sadism, with psychopathy showing the strongest link. The coldheartedness psychopathy subscale showed a unique combination with both self-reported sadism and increased pleasure following bug grinding. LIMITATIONS Predominantly female and student sample, limiting generalizability of findings. CONCLUSIONS Out of all Dark Triad components, psychopathy showed the strongest link with gaining pleasure from hurting others. The results underscore the differential predictive value of psychopathy's subcomponents for sadistic pleasure. Coldheartedness can be considered especially disturbing because of its unique relationship to deriving joy from irreversible harm-infliction (i.e. killing bugs). Our findings further establish psychopathy - and especially its coldheartedness component - as the most adverse Dark Triad trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Lobbestael
- Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Franziska Wolf
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie (Ausbildungszentrum Ostwestfalen-Lippe) [German Association for Behavioural Therapy (training Centre East Westphalia-Lippe)], Germany
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roy F Baumeister
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lam PH. An Extension to the stress-buffering model: Timing of support across the lifecourse. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 42:100876. [PMID: 39430880 PMCID: PMC11490906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents exposed to severe stressors exhibit poorer health across the lifespan. However, decades of research evaluating the Stress-Buffering model suggests that social support can attenuate stressors' negative impacts. Psychoneuroimmunology research in this area has shifted from asking whether support buffers stress to when and why support would succeed (or fail) to confer protection. This article takes a lifecourse perspective and proposes that timing of support may shape support's protective value by defining the type of protection that is provided and its operating mechanisms. Specifically, it considers three temporal scenarios: support that occurs during, after, or before stressor exposure. When support intervenes at the same developmental stage as the stressor (concurrent support), buffering effects occur wherein support prevents the development of intermediary mechanisms that reflect or increase disease risk; when support is present at a developmental stage before stressor exposure (prior support), banking effects occur such that support intervenes indirectly by fortifying the individual with resilience-promoting characteristics that in turn prevents the development of intermediary mechanisms; finally, when support arrives at a developmental stage after stressor exposure (later support), counteracting effects occur such that support offsets the impacts of intermediary mechanisms on diseases. It further posits that a match between timing of support and the linkage of interest (e.g., the stressor-mechanism path vs. the mechanism-disease path) is necessary for successful protection. The present paper discusses these postulations, reviews nascent evidence, and proposes future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe H. Lam
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4825 Frew St, Suite 354E, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhao L. Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Workplace Friendship: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:2680-2716. [PMID: 35998263 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although demographic characteristics are the most analyzed variables in the literature on workplace friendship, their effects on its formation and development remain unclear, owing to conflicting results. To draw generalizable conclusions, this study employed meta-analytical techniques to examine the relationships between employees' demographic characteristics and their workplace friendship, and investigated whether collectivism and year of data collection moderated this relationship. Seventy-seven empirical pieces of literature and 219 correlations (N = 34,856) were included in the final meta-analysis. Our findings revealed that male employees acquired more workplace friendships than female employees, and that organizational tenure, hierarchical position, and education were positively related to workplace friendships. However, employees' age and marital status had no significant effect on workplace friendships. Furthermore, the results of the moderating effects analysis suggested that, as collectivism diminished and data collection was delayed, the impact of certain demographic characteristics on workplace friendships became weaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Wang
- Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Apostolou HL, McDonough IM. A seed and soil model of loneliness in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2575-2576. [PMID: 38808988 PMCID: PMC11168500 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian M. McDonough
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McCrae RR. Seeking a Philosophical Basis for Trait Psychology. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:2784-2811. [PMID: 36269570 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221132992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
I summarize an early effort to provide a conceptual basis for psychology. Natural science studies material objects, and its methods and assumptions may not be appropriate for the study of persons. Persons exist within the natural attitude and are characterized by such properties as temporality, responsibility, normality, and identity. Contemporary theories of mind focus on people's understanding of how minds make decisions and shape behavior, but say little about the nature of the entity that possesses a mind; ethnopsychologies are concerned with cultural variations in beliefs about accidental rather than essential aspects of human psychology. The lay philosophical view of the person sketched here is intended to be broader and deeper. It is particularly relevant to trait psychology, appears to have been implicit in much trait research, and is generally consistent with empirical findings on personality traits.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bonneterre S, Zerhouni O, Lepage J. Intimate Partner Violence During Lockdown: The Potent Influence of Stress and Authoritarian Beliefs. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:4808-4827. [PMID: 38605569 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241243336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused several lockdowns in most countries, enclosing together perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Our study investigates psychological mechanisms associated with IPV. We supposed that stress provoked by the pandemic, as well as adhering to authoritarian beliefs will be a predictor of IPV. Using an online questionnaire, 1,659 individuals indicated whether they had been victim or witnessed IPV at home and filled a perceived stress scale, anxiety, depression, and aggressiveness scales. They were also asked to fill an authoritarianism scale, how they cope with the lockdown situations, and some demographical information. We found that individuals who were victims or witnesses of IPV during the COVID-19 lockdowns tended to have more difficulty isolating at home or to hold stronger authoritarian beliefs. Importantly, the association between authoritarian beliefs and IPV was moderated by perceived stress, suggesting that individuals who hold authoritarian views may be more affected by stress, which could increase the risk of experiencing or witnessing IPV. IPV incidents during the pandemic lockdowns may be partially explained by perceived stress, which is amplified by authoritarian attitudes. Further discussions on the causes of IPV and interventions are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Université Paris Nanterre, France
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Johan Lepage
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arahuete L, Pinazo D. The Effect of Mindfulness Training on the Self-Regulation of Socio-Moral Thoughts. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:2898-2917. [PMID: 36573303 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221146702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The change in moral attitude due to discrimination of the degree of reality of thought is an unexplored potential effect of mindfulness training. In this article we examine whether the mindfulness training of novices reduces the defensive reaction to normative transgressions when the threatening thought is salient, that is, a thought that stands out regardless of the objective reality that threatens self-survival. To test the study hypotheses, we used a bifactorial design mindfulness training (pre vs. post) x threatened thought salience (low vs high) in a sample of 115 participants. The dependent variable (punishment of social norm transgression) was measured on two different occasions: (1) pre-training (T1), (2) after training (T2). One group receives training in mindfulness in the threatened thought salience low condition (N = 47), and a second group receives the same training in the threatened thought salience high condition (N = 38). A third group did not receive training in threatening thought salience high condition (N = 30). The results show that training mindfulness reduces moral punishment with high threatening thought salience and reduces moral judgment with low threatening thought salience. The shift in reactivity (punishment) is more representative of a MT effect than the shift in moral judgment (seriousness). Implications of the results and limitations of the study are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Arahuete
- Department of Evolutionary, Educational, Social Psychology and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Daniel Pinazo
- Department of Evolutionary, Educational, Social Psychology and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao C, Ding H, Ren L, He J, Du M, Hu H, Shen X, Yu G, Zhang G. Testing the Associations Between Attachment Anxiety, Relational Aggression and Depressive Symptoms in Romantic Relationships: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediator Model. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:2776-2788. [PMID: 38851651 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a pivotal period for romantic relationships, yet the specific mechanisms through which attachment anxiety influences relationship dynamics and psychological outcomes in this phase are poorly understood. Particularly, in the context of romantic dyads, understanding how partners' behaviors and emotional patterns reciprocally influence each other remains underexplored. This study utilizes the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediator Model to explore the relationship between attachment anxiety,relational aggression (both perpetration and victimization), and depressive symptoms among emerging adults. A sample of 138 mixed-sex emerging adulthood couples from China, was recruited (Mage = 21.40, SD = 2.54; 50% female, 62.6% reporting that this relationship was ongoing for more than a year). Attachment anxiety significantly predicted relational aggression in both partners, with male attachment anxiety also significantly predicted female relational aggression. Significant indirect effects of both partners' relational aggression perpetration and victimization on their own and each other's relationship between attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to understanding the intricate dynamics of attachment anxiety and relational aggression in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate these risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjia Zhao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Ding
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhou Ren
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiankang He
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Du
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Neurosis and Psychosomatic Diseases, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, Huzhou, China.
| | - Guoliang Yu
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schraggeová M, Petríková L. An Assessment of Personality Traits Based on Photos on Instagram. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:2999-3022. [PMID: 36662231 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231153327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the accuracy assessment of personality traits based on photos on the Instagram social network. The theoretical starting point is the Realistic Accuracy Model based on the correct detection and interpretation of information about individuals. The research sample consisted of a group of participants who provided their Instagram profiles for assessment (N = 4) aged M = 23.0, SD = 1.63 and a group of independent assessors (N = 342; 258 women). The accuracy of the assessment was based on the assessors' consensus and the degree of agreement between assessors and the accuracy criterion. The highest assessor consensus was for extraversion, and the most accurately assessed traits were neuroticism and agreeableness - with women being more accurate in their assessments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Felton JW, Rabinowitz JA, Sadler RC, Hampton T, Sosnowski DW, Lejuez CW, Yi R. Environmental Support Moderates the association of Socioeconomic Distress and Delay Discounting across Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:2695-2705. [PMID: 39023841 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Early exposure to socioeconomic distress is hypothesized to reinforce decision making that prioritizes immediate, relative to delayed, rewards (i.e., delay discounting); yet these relations have not been examined longitudinal across the vulnerable adolescent period. This study is one of the first to utilize objective and subjective measures to evaluate the relative effects of environmental disadvantage and the potential protective effects of perceived environmental support on delay discounting. A diverse (48.4% White; 46.7% female) sample of participants (N = 246) reported on their home addresses at baseline when they were, on average, 11.96 years old (SDage = 0.88); Youth then reported perceived environmental supports at baseline and delay discounting annually from ages 13 to 18. A socioeconomic distress index was derived from census tract rates of unemployment, income, educational attainment, and lone parenthood. Greater socioeconomic distress was associated with a greater propensity to discount delayed rewards at baseline. Findings also suggest greater perceived higher environmental support was associated with decreasing rates of delay discounting across adolescence for youth from highly socioeconomically distressed areas. These results highlight potential future avenues for preventative and intervention efforts to improve positive youth outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Felton
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard C Sadler
- Departments of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Tessa Hampton
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl W Lejuez
- Office of the Provost, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard Yi
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment and Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dondzilo L, Kemps E. The role of cognitive biases involving selective interrogation of taste-based information in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101979. [PMID: 39024703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a global public health issue. Consequently, there is strong interest in advancing understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that underpin excessive SSB consumption. This work proposes that selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics (e.g., flavour), rather than health-based characteristics (e.g., sugar content), of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption. METHODS To evaluate this novel hypothesis, undergraduate students (n = 210) were recruited to complete self-report measures of SSB consumption, motivation and success in reducing SSB consumption and unhealthy eating more broadly, as well as a novel selective interrogation assessment task. This task provided participants with the opportunity to selectively interrogate taste-based and health-based characteristics of various mystery beverages. RESULTS Results supported the hypothesis that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics, rather than health-based characteristics, of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption. Additionally, results revealed that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics was associated with decreased motivation to reduce SSB consumption and decreased motivation and success to reduce unhealthy consumption more broadly. LIMITATIONS The current study did not evaluate whether selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages predicted actual SSB consumption. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel evidence for the potential role of selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages in SSB choice and consumption. An important implication of these findings is that in order for interventions focusing on front-of-package nutrition labels to be effective in reducing unhealthy consumption, it is necessary that individuals are selectively interrogating this 'health-based' information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dondzilo
- Elizabeth Rutherford Memorial Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Eva Kemps
- Psychology, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stiller M, Di Masso A. The Power of Death Valence: A Revised Terror Management Process. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 90:594-610. [PMID: 35719090 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Terror management strategies (TMS) are assumed to affect social prejudice. In a prior study, positive death valence in wave 1 reduced gender-related stereotypes in wave 2. Psychosocial intervention against prejudice requires a deeper understanding of the terror management process. We investigated the relationships between death anxiety, death valence, mortality salience and TMS in a mixed method study. Participants showed complex emotions in the face of death, including fear, anxiety, sadness and ambivalent calm. Positive death valence was associated with more conscious fear, but with less implicit death anxiety, while negative death valence was associated with more death denial. In conclusion, we propose death anxiety as a distal precursor and death valence as a proximate precursor of the plural TMS that are triggered by mortality salience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mel Stiller
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Di Masso
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ndikumana C. Understanding life satisfaction among the original inhabitants in the suburbanized areas at the outskirts of a major city: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2350729. [PMID: 38723243 PMCID: PMC11086026 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2350729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Suburbanization has become a major characteristic of urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, and shifting from agricultural-based areas modus vivendi to urban lifestyles affects subjective wellbeing of the original settlers. While there is lack of evidence in the literature of wellbeing in these areas, this study examines life satisfaction of these populations by means of individuals' own appreciation and evaluation of quality of life. METHODS The study uses interpretionist and reflexive approaches, and analyses 76 interviews conducted through snowball sampling in two major suburbanized areas. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Generally, the findings show that respondents are satisfied with material living conditions due to improvement of availability of economic opportunities, roads and other transport services, social and community support. However, income inequality and urban poverty result in the inability to afford modern and high-quality urban living conditions, which creates feelings of vulnerability while limiting social relationships. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to strenghten existing frameworks to fully respond to urban life requirements that relate to transport, education, hygiene, and sanitation services. It is also important to develop support systems that mitigate issues of gender discrimination, human rights, household decision-making, fashion, and cultural norms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Ndikumana
- Department of Governance and Public Administration, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
- School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rockoff MA, Van Cleve W, Van Norman GA. Anesthesiologists and Capital Punishment. Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 42:715-732. [PMID: 39443041 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Physician professional organizations in all Western countries consistently hold that it is unethical for physicians to participate in judicial executions. Physician participation in capital punishment is of particular concern for anesthesiologists, who have been identified by the courts as ideal candidates to participate in executions, particularly lethal injection executions. Arguments in favor of participation are based on flawed interpretations of the ethical principle of double-effect, mistaken analogies with physician aid-in-dying, and ignore evidence of prisoner suffering in the execution process. The American Board of Anesthesiology will investigate and may sanction diplomates who participate in executions by revoking their board certification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rockoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wil Van Cleve
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gail A Van Norman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bioethics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gharaei N, Fleischmann F, Phalet K. National Identity Development Among Minority Youth: Longitudinal Relations with National Fit Perceptions and School Belonging. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:2746-2761. [PMID: 38896353 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Across Western Europe, immigrant-origin minority youth often struggle to belong socially and to develop national self-identification. Yet, almost no research to-date has asked how these youth perceive the cultural contents of the national identity in their residence country-or rather, to what extent they perceive youth like them to (mis)fit the national identity. The present study addressed this research gap by centering schools as developmental contexts of evolving belonging and national self-identification and newly inquiring into minority youth's perceptions of national (mis)fit as critical levers of their national identity development. Drawing on data from two annual waves of the Leuven-Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (Leuven-CILS), a sample of 942 Moroccan- and Turkish-origin youth (Mage-T1 = 14.98, SD = 1.22; 52% female) in 62 Belgian schools was used. Cross-lagged analysis combined repeated measures of school belonging and national self-identification with vignette measures of the perceived national fit of (imagined) culturally different peers. While school belonging and national self-identification were unrelated over time, earlier perceived national fit uniquely enabled more national self-identification one year later, over and above evolving school belonging. These findings suggest that experiencing belonging in school does not suffice for minority youth to develop national self-identification. Schools may, however, promote national identity development through redefining national identities to include cultural diversity-thereby signaling to minority youth that they can fit the national identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Gharaei
- German Centre for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Mauerstraße 76, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102-box 3727, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fenella Fleischmann
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15508, 1001 NA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Phalet
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102-box 3727, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Inuggi A, Domenici N, Tonelli A, Gori M. PsySuite: An android application designed to perform multimodal psychophysical testing. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:8308-8329. [PMID: 39138734 PMCID: PMC11525261 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In behavioral sciences, there is growing concern about the inflation of false-positive rates due to the amount of under-powered studies that have been shared in the past years. While problematic, having the possibility to recruit (lots of) participants (for a lot of time) is realistically not achievable for many research facilities. Factors that hinder the reaching of optimal sample sizes are, to name but a few, research costs, participants' availability and commitment, and logistics. We challenge these issues by introducing PsySuite, an Android app designed to foster a remote approach to multimodal behavioral testing. To validate PsySuite, we first evaluated its ability to generate stimuli appropriate to rigorous psychophysical testing, measuring both the app's accuracy (i.e., stimuli's onset, offset, and multimodal simultaneity) and precision (i.e., the stability of a given pattern across trials), using two different smartphone models. We then evaluated PsySuite's ability to replicate perceptual performances obtained using a classic psychophysical paradigm, comparing sample data collected with the app against those measured via a PC-based setup. Our results showed that PsySuite could accurately reproduce stimuli with a minimum duration of 7 ms, 17 ms, and 30 ms for the auditory, visual, and tactile modalities, respectively, and that perceptual performances obtained with PsySuite were consistent with the perceptual behavior observed using the classical setup. Combined with the high accessibility inherently supported by PsySuite, here we ought to share the app to further boost psychophysical research, aiming at setting it to a cheap, user-friendly, and portable level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Inuggi
- U-VIP, Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Nicola Domenici
- U-VIP, Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152, Genoa, GE, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tonelli
- U-VIP, Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- U-VIP, Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152, Genoa, GE, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Varthini S, Rathnasabapathy M. Psychometric properties of the Death Reflection Scale - Indian version. MethodsX 2024; 13:102970. [PMID: 39430775 PMCID: PMC11489069 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemplation of mortality often helps people to become more mindful of their living, cherishing relationships, experiences and opportunities. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the validity of the Death Reflection Scale within the Indians. A non-clinical sample of 381 participants age ranges from 19 to 90 years participated in this study. The Death Reflection Scale is a widely recognized tool to gauge positive aspects on reflecting about mortality. The scale's validity and reliability throughout the German population was demonstrated to be appropriate and relevant. Given the shared cultural similarities among diverse Eastern ethnicities, this validation offers the potential for application across various countries. However, it is crucial to research its validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the Indian population. The validity of the scale was confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), yielding a CFI of 0.951. The Goodness Fit Index of 0.929 and RMSEA of 0.07 indicating a reasonably good fit. The scale's discriminant, convergent, and factorial validity were all proven by the results, which also showed its reliability (α =0.92). These results imply that the Death Reflection Scale's Indian validation satisfies the fundamental requirements for psychological evaluations, proving its appropriateness for use in scholarly research.•Quantitative method used in validating the questionnaire.•Cultural validation has been done to ensure cultural relevance and appropriateness.•Reliability and consistency have been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Varthini
- School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Maya Rathnasabapathy
- School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rees J, Liu W, Canson J, Crosby L, Tinker A, Probst F, Ourselin S, Antonelli M, Molteni E, Mexia N, Shi Y, Matcham F. Qualitative exploration of the lived experiences of loneliness in later life to inform technology development. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2398259. [PMID: 39305060 PMCID: PMC11418060 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2398259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Loneliness is a negative emotional state which is common in later life. The accumulative effects of loneliness have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of older adults. We aim to qualitatively explore the experiences of loneliness in later life and identify relevant behaviours and indicators which will inform novel methods of loneliness detection and intervention. METHODS We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with people aged 65 and over between September 2022 and August 2023. Data were analysed using a reflective thematic approach with early theme development on NVIVO software. RESULTS Three themes were identified from the experiences of loneliness in older adults. 1) Unique responses to loneliness, including crying, increased eating or drinking and sleep difficulties, 2) Age-related losses, such as networks, roles, and abilities to engage in activities reducing over time and 3) Individual differences in overcoming loneliness, where strategies such as keeping busy and adopting a positive mindset were impacted by motivation and mood of older adults. CONCLUSION Distinct signs and relevant factors to loneliness in later life have been identified which can be detected by future sensing technologies. Findings of this in-depth qualitative study highlight that loneliness is a subjective experience requiring a holistic and person-centred approach to detection and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rees
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jiana Canson
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Lynda Crosby
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Anthea Tinker
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Freya Probst
- Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michela Antonelli
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Erika Molteni
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yu Shi
- School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Faith Matcham
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chang LW, Kirgios EL, Mullainathan S, Milkman KL. Does counting change what counts? Quantification fixation biases decision-making. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400215121. [PMID: 39467152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400215121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
People often rely on numeric metrics to make decisions and form judgments. Numbers can be difficult to process, leading to their underutilization, but they are also uniquely suited to making comparisons. Do people decide differently when some dimensions of a choice are quantified and others are not? We explore this question across 21 preregistered experiments (8 in the main text, N = 9,303; 13 in supplement, N = 13,936) involving managerial, policy, and consumer decisions. Participants face choices that involve tradeoffs (e.g., choosing between employees, one of whom has a higher likelihood of advancement but lower likelihood of retention), and we randomize which dimension of each tradeoff is presented numerically and which is presented qualitatively (using verbal estimates, discrete visualizations, or continuous visualizations). We show that people systematically shift their preferences toward options that dominate on tradeoff dimensions conveyed numerically-a pattern we dub "quantification fixation." Further, we show that quantification fixation has financial consequences-it emerges in incentive-compatible hiring tasks and in charitable donation decisions. We identify one key mechanism that underlies quantification fixation and moderates its strength: When making comparative judgments, which are essential to tradeoff decisions, numeric information is more fluent than non-numeric information. Our findings suggest that when we count, we change what counts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda W Chang
- Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Erika L Kirgios
- Behavioral Science Department, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sendhil Mullainathan
- Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Katherine L Milkman
- Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang CM, Lin CY, Hsieh YP, Tsai MC, Strong C. The Impact of Contact Experience on the Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Same-Sex Parents and Their Children Among Kindergarten Teachers. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:2951-2973. [PMID: 37921709 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2275297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Intergroup contact is important to reduce prejudice toward sexual minorities. Yet little is known regarding how kindergarten teachers' contact experiences with sexual minority affect their attitudes toward sexual minorities and their beliefs regarding same-sex family parents' parenting skills and same-sex family children's adjustment. This cross-sectional study recruited kindergarten teachers (n = 261; mean age = 38.8 years) in Taiwan in 2021-2022. A self-reported online questionnaire was administered which included questions about quantity and quality of contact experiences with lesbians, gay men (LG) and same-sex families, attitudes toward same-sex families, beliefs regarding same-sex parenting skills, and children's adjustment. Hierarchical multiple regression was used for analysis. The results showed that higher quality of contact with LG was associated with lower prejudice toward LG and with a more positive belief regarding same-sex parents' parenting skills and children's adjustment in same-sex families. The contact experience with same-sex families has an association with positive beliefs regarding same-sex family parents and children. After adjustment of quality of contact, quantity of contact did not show association with attitude toward LG or beliefs regarding same-sex family parents and children. The findings suggest that the quality of contact experience with LG is an important factor to reduce the stereotype against same-sex families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia Min Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Redshaw J. The recursive grammar of mental time travel. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230412. [PMID: 39278240 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [ |