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Rune KT, Keech JJ. Is it time to stock up? Understanding panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australian Journal of Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2180299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina T. Rune
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Howlett CA, Miles S, Berryman C, Phillipou A, Moseley GL. Conflation between self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility: a critical review of the Jingle Fallacy. Australian Journal of Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2174684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Howlett
- Innovation, Implementation & Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephanie Miles
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolyn Berryman
- Innovation, Implementation & Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
- Brain Stimulation, Imaging and Cognition Research Group, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G. Lorimer Moseley
- Innovation, Implementation & Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
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Mou NL, Lei WK, Balaji S, Contractor AA, Latkin CA, Hall BJ. The association between posttraumatic disorder symptoms and addictive behaviours in Macao within a sample of female Filipino migrant workers: a network analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14. [PMID: 37052088 PMCID: PMC9987736 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2178764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Filipino migrant workers in Macao are vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and addictive behaviours due to trauma histories, postmigration stressors, and access to alcohol and gambling venues. While PTSD addiction comorbidity is well-established in the existing literature, such research among migrant workers is lacking.Objective: The current study investigated differential relations between PTSD symptoms and addictive behaviours in a polytrauma exposed sample of Filipino domestic workers in Macao (SAR), China.Methods: Data were collected from 1375 Filipino migrant workers; data from a subsample of 1200 participants who reported an index traumatic event and PTSD symptoms were used in the analyses. Participants responded to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, gambling disorder symptoms checklist from DSM-5, and The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. We estimated a regularized partial correlation network structure of PTSD symptoms and addictive behaviours employing graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion.Results: PTSD symptoms of arousal and negative emotions had bridge connections with gambling disorder symptoms; while PTSD symptoms of arousal, restricted affect, negative emotions, and emotional reactivity had bridge connections with alcohol misuse.Conclusions: PTSD's arousal and negative emotion symptoms were common in the networks of PTSD and addictive behaviours, while PTSD's restricted affect and emotional reactivity symptoms were unique to the network of PTSD and alcohol misuse. Treatment of the comorbidity of PTSD and addictive behaviours may yield optimal effects when tailored to these symptoms.
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Käll A, Andersson G. Knowledge acquisition following internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for loneliness - A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101872. [PMID: 37209636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Knowledge about a condition and how to treat it is part of most cognitive behavioural therapies. This is particularly relevant for self-help treatments such as internet-based CBT, which is commonly delivered in the form of didactic materials. The role of knowledge acquisition in treatment outcomes is an understudied area. The present study sought to investigate knowledge acquisition as part of an ICBT trial targeting loneliness and discern its role in the outcome of treatment. METHODS We used secondary data from a randomised controlled trial of ICBT targeting loneliness with 73 participants. A knowledge test including certainty ratings was constructed and used to investigate whether knowledge increased for the treatment group in comparison to the control group, whether changes in knowledge predicted changes in loneliness during the treatment phase, and how the acquired knowledge related to outcomes at a two-year follow-up. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The treatment group had significantly higher knowledge scores compared to the waitlist group at posttreatment, both in terms of correct answers (Cohen's d = 0.73) and certainty-weighted sum scores (Cohen's d = 1.20). Acquired knowledge did not predict reductions in loneliness in the short-term, and neither loneliness ratings nor use of treatment techniques in the long-term. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small, which limits the statistical inferences. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of treatment relevant principles increase as part of the treatment in ICBT for loneliness. This increase was not related to other short- and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Käll
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Binder PE, Woodfin VI, Hjeltnes A. Perfection is a sad and lonely place: A study of existential vulnerability in the life stories of persons struggling with perfectionism. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2219513. [PMID: 37270795 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2219513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under what life conditions do individuals turn to perfectionistic striving and ideals as a solution? The present paper examines how people with perfectionism narrate their relationship to our shared existential vulnerability; that we are vulnerable as human beings, and that the ways we relate to this vulnerability have consequences for psychological health. In the present qualitative study, we explored the life narratives told by nine students with perfectionism, drawing on semi-structured life-story interviews. We conducted an explorative-reflexive thematic analysis and identified five themes: 1) Outside-Feeling Alienated, 2) Relating to Chaos, 3) Trying to Control the Painful and Uncontrollable, 4) Islands of Just Being and Positive Contact, and 5) Heading Toward a Balance Between Doing and Being. Their perfectionism can be seen as a way of handling existential vulnerability at a point in their lives where relational resources needed to stay firm in a vulnerable state are lacking. Perfectionistic themes influence their personal identity in the domain of narrative constructions, values, belongingness, and embodiment. Accomplishments were dominant themes in the plots of their narrative self-constructions and values. They felt their "self-made" identities kept others at a distance. However, we also found strivings for a more fulfilling life with broader self-definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivian Irena Woodfin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Solli District Psychiatric Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aslak Hjeltnes
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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6
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McKenna-Plumley PE, Turner RN, Yang K, Groarke JM. Experiences of Loneliness Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2223868. [PMID: 37327403 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2223868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Loneliness is a fundamentally subjective experience that is common at various life stages. Studies have qualitatively explored loneliness, but a comprehensive overview is lacking. This research therefore provides a fine-grained review of studies on loneliness experiences across the lifespan. METHODS A systematic review and thematic synthesis were performed on studies that qualitatively investigated experiences of loneliness in people of any age from non-clinical populations. Sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of lower-quality studies and specific age groups on the findings. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies of 1,321 participants aged between 7 and 103 were included. Fifteen descriptive themes and three overarching analytical themes were developed: (1) Loneliness is both psychological and contextual, (2) Loneliness centres on feelings of meaningful connection and painful disconnection, and (3) Loneliness can exist in a general, pervasive sense or can relate to specific other people or relationship types. Some features were particularly pertinent to children, younger adults, and older adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness involves a primarily aversive psychological experience of perceived disconnection which is linked to physical, personal, and socio-political contexts and can be pervasive or relate to specific relationships or relationship types. An awareness of context, life stage, and personal experiences is essential to understand loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe E McKenna-Plumley
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rhiannon N Turner
- Centre for Identity and Intergroup Relations, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Keming Yang
- Department of Sociology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Jenny M Groarke
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Maher PJ, Roth J, Griffin S, Foran AM, Jay S, McHugh C, Ryan M, Bradshaw D, Quayle M, Muldoon OT. Pandemic threat and group cohesion: national identification in the wake of COVID-19 is associated with authoritarianism. J Soc Psychol 2023; 163:789-805. [PMID: 35137678 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2024122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Authoritarianism emerges in times of societal threat, in part driven by desires for group-based security. As such, we propose that the threat caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased authoritarian tendencies and that this can be partially explained by increased national identification. We tested this hypothesis by collecting cross-sectional data from three different countries in April 2020. In Study 1, data from Ireland (N = 1276) showed that pandemic threat predicted increased national identification, which in turn predicted authoritarianism. In Study 2, we replicated this indirect effect in a representative UK sample (N = 506). In Study 3, we used an alternative measure of authoritarianism and conceptually replicated this effect among USA citizens (N = 429). In this US sample, the association between threat and authoritarian tendencies was stronger among progressives compared to conservatives. Findings are discussed and linked to group-based models of authoritarianism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Maher
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jenny Roth
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Griffin
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Aoife Marie Foran
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Sarah Jay
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Cillian McHugh
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Megan Ryan
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Daragh Bradshaw
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Michael Quayle
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal 3209, South Africa
| | - Orla T Muldoon
- Centre for Social Issues Research & Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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Lemay EP, Kruglanski AW, Molinario E, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Margit Reitsema A, R vanDellen M, Collaboration P, Leander NP. The role of values in coping with health and economic threats of COVID-19. J Soc Psychol 2023; 163:755-772. [PMID: 34951330 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1979454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current research examined the role of values in guiding people's responses to COVID-19. Results from an international study involving 115 countries (N = 61,490) suggest that health and economic threats of COVID-19 evoke different values, with implications for controlling and coping with the pandemic. Specifically, health threats predicted prioritization of communal values related to caring for others and belonging, whereas economic threats predicted prioritization of agentic values focused on competition and achievement. Concurrently and over time, prioritizing communal values over agentic values was associated with enactment of prevention behaviors that reduce virus transmission, motivations to help others suffering from the pandemic, and positive attitudes toward outgroup members. These results, which were generally consistent across individual and national levels of analysis, suggest that COVID-19 threats may indirectly shape important responses to the pandemic through their influence on people's prioritization of communion and agency. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Jagodics B, Szabó É. Is intergroup discrimination triggered by vaccination status? Exploring some social aspects of vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Soc Psychol 2023; 163:826-840. [PMID: 35674409 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2085074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic has affected social relations in many ways, and even created new social groups through vaccination. The goal of this study was to explore whether intergroup discrimination regarding vaccination status can be observed in a resource allocation task. Participants (N = 818; Mage = 46.0 years) completed a resource allocation task. Results showed that the better-than-average effect was widespread among the participants as most of them perceived themselves more informed about the pandemic than others. The resource allocation task showed participants preferred to create maximum difference in favor of their group in intergroup situations, but decisions were fairer when targets' group membership was identical. Moreover, vaccinated people were more likely to use maximum difference strategies than non-vaccinated people. The results revealed that vaccination status changes the perception of intergroup situations, which may be important in planning future strategies to handle mass emergencies similar to the current pandemic.
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Karić T, Međedović J. Do media objectivity and frequency of informing mediate the relationship between traditionalist social attitudes and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs? J Soc Psychol 2023; 163:841-854. [PMID: 35762491 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2093151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that traditionalist social attitudes (conservatism, religiousness, and authoritarianism) significantly predict COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs (Hiding Information and Harmless Virus), as well as conspiracy mentality in general. We also hypothesized that these relationships are mediated by the objectivity of the media through which individuals inform themselves, and the frequency with which people informed themselves about the pandemic. The sample consisted of 341 participants from Serbia (mean age 33.51 years), of which 40.5% were women. The results revealed that conservatism predicts both conspiracy belief sets and conspiracy mentality, authoritarianism only COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, and religiousness only beliefs that the virus is harmless. Media objectivity does not mediate these relationships. The frequency of informing is a significant mediator only of the relationships between authoritarianism, and conspiracy beliefs and conspiracy mentality, indicating that the role of seeking information is in reducing the threat perceived by more authoritarian individuals. The study reveals that media objectivity might not play a role in reducing conspiracy beliefs. An explanation might be found in the importance of the perceived credibility of the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Karić
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research
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11
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Yang X, Zhen R, Liu Z, Wu X, Xu Y, Ma R, Zhou X. Bullying Victimization and Comorbid Patterns of PTSD and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Random Intercept Latent Transition Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2314-2327. [PMID: 37468821 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms in adolescents under the background of school bullying, but not their comorbidities and changes over time. This study used random intercept latent transition analysis (RI-LTA) to examine the transitions in comorbid patterns of PTSD and depressive symptoms among 815 adolescents (45.0% boys; Mage-baseline = 13.69, SD = 1.60), who reported their symptoms in a 3-year longitudinal study. Three comorbid patterns were found: low symptoms, predominantly PTSD symptoms, and symptoms of comorbidity. Among these patterns, five trends were found through 3 years: stable low symptoms, stable PTSD symptoms, improving symptoms, worsening symptoms, and an inverted-U pattern. Age, time that parents spend with their child, being an only child, family income and experiencing relational bullying were predictors of these transitions. These suggest that patterns of PTSD and depressive symptoms are heterogeneous and may change over time since trauma events. Developing targeted interventions based on underlying factors through distinct patterns and transitions may help us better optimize and utilize intervention resources to alleviate symptoms from bullying victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xima Yang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yongyong Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Waleriańczyk W, Hill AP, Stolarski M. A conditional process model of perfectionism, goal-realization, and post-competition mood. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 69:102511. [PMID: 37665945 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Research has recently begun to examine the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and athletes' post-competition mood. However, to date, there have been few attempts to examine the interaction between dimensions of perfectionism or model possible explanatory processes. To address these limitations, in the current study we tested a novel conditional process model whereby the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and post-competition affect was mediated by the degree to which goals were considered to have been met (goal-realization) and that this indirect effect was, in turn, moderated by levels of perfectionistic concerns. We tested this model in a sample of 251 athletes who took part in a "Runmageddon" event - a cross-country obstacle race. Athletes completed measures of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns) before the race and measures of goal-realization and mood (tense arousal, energetic arousal, and hedonic tone) between 24 and 48 h after the race. Analyses revealed that perfectionistic strivings were indirectly linked to a more unpleasant post-competition mood (higher tense arousal and lower hedonic tone) via perceptions of lower goal-realization. In addition, these two indirect effects were statistically significant only when perfectionistic concerns were medium and high. The results support the proposed conditional model and suggest the interplay between dimensions of perfectionism is important for athletes' post-competition mood, and the level of perfectionistic concerns, especially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Waleriańczyk
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrew P Hill
- School of Science Technology and Health, York St John University, UK; Graduate Department of Kinesiology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Friedenberg J, Lauria G, Hennig K, Gardner I. Beauty and the sharp fangs of the beast: degree of angularity predicts perceived preference and threat. Psychol Res 2023; 87:2594-2602. [PMID: 37027040 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of angular vs. curved forms has a long history in psychology but few of the many studies conducted have examined actual degree of angularity. In two experiments, we present observers with randomly positioned and randomly oriented texture displays of angles viewed within a circular frame. The angle conditions varied from 0° to 180° in 20° increments, covering the entire spectrum of possibilities including acute, obtuse, right, and straight line angles. In Experiment 1, 25 undergraduates rated the perceived beauty of these displays. In Experiment 2, the same stimulus set and procedure were used with 27 participants instead judging perceived threat. Based on the findings in the literature, we predicted that sharper angles would be judged less beautiful and more threatening. The results were mostly confirmed. Acute angles are preferred less but there are also distinct preferences for right angles and straight lines, perhaps due to their greater familiarity in constructed environments. There was a consistent and anticipated finding for threat in the second study: the sharper an angle, the greater its perceived threat. Fear of sharp objects as assessed in a personality questionnaire was found to positively correlate with threat judgements. Future work should look more closely at degree of angularity in embedded object contours and at individual response differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Friedenberg
- Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA.
| | - Gina Lauria
- Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Hennig
- Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Isabel Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA
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14
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Zhao Z, Sened H, Tamir DI. Egocentric Projection is a Rational Strategy for Accurate Emotion Prediction. J Exp Soc Psychol 2023; 109:104521. [PMID: 37663408 PMCID: PMC10473870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
People need to accurately understand and predict others' emotions in order to build and maintain meaningful social connections. However, when they encounter new social partners, people often do not have enough information about them to make accurate inferences. Rather, they often resort to an egocentric heuristic, and make predictions about a target by using their own self-knowledge as a proxy. Is this egocentric heuristic a form of cognitive bias, or is it a rational strategy for real-world social prediction? If egocentrism provides a rational and effective solution to the challenging task of social prediction in naturalistic contexts, we should expect that a) egocentric predictions tend to be more accurate, and b) people rely on self-knowledge to a greater extent when it's more likely to be a good proxy. Using an emotion prediction task and personality measures, we assessed similarity and predictive accuracy between first-year college students and their new acquaintance roommate. Results demonstrated that, when people need to predict an unfamiliar target's emotions, self-knowledge can often effectively approximate knowledge about others, and thus support accurate predictions. Moreover, participants that were typical of the sample, whose self-knowledge can better approximate information about the target, relied more on self-knowledge in their predictions, and thus achieved higher accuracy. These findings suggest that people rationally tune their use of egocentrism based on whether it is likely to pay off. Overall, these findings demonstrate a rational side to a cognitive phenomenon usually framed as a cognitive pitfall, namely egocentric projection, when its natural decision context is taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Haran Sened
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Diana I. Tamir
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
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15
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Iimura S, Takasugi S, Yasuda M, Saito Y, Morifuji M. Interactions between environmental sensitivity and gut microbiota are associated with biomarkers of stress-related psychiatric symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:136-144. [PMID: 37437719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans vary in their sensitivity to stressful and supportive environments and experiences. Such individual differences in environmental sensitivity are associated with mechanisms of stress-related psychiatric symptoms. In recent years, researchers have focused on bidirectional interactions in the brain-gut-microbiota axis as a neurophysiological pathway contributing to the mechanisms of stress-related psychiatric symptoms, and evidence is rapidly accumulating. METHODS Data on environmental sensitivity, gut microbiota, gut permeability (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; LBP) and inflammation (C-reactive protein; CRP) were collected from 90 adults (50 % female; Mage = 42.1; SDage = 10.0). Environmental sensitivity was measured using a self-report questionnaire. Study participants' feces were analyzed, and observed operational taxonomic units for richness, Shannon's index for evenness, and phylogenetic diversity for biodiversity were evaluated as indicators of gut microbiota. In addition, participants' serum was analyzed for CRP and LBP. We investigated whether the interaction between environmental sensitivity and gut microbiota is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and gut permeability. RESULTS The interaction between environmental sensitivity and gut microbiota (excluding the Shannon's index) explained the levels of these biomarkers. Individuals with high environmental sensitivity displayed higher levels of CRP and LBP, when the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota was low. However, even highly susceptible individuals had lower levels of CRP and LBP, when the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota was high. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that high environmental sensitivity can be a risk factor for inflammation and gut permeability, when the gut microbiota diversity is low, suggesting a brain-gut-microbiota axis interaction.
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Trompeta C, Gasca-Salas C, Pineda-Pardo JA, Guida P, Cohn M, Mata-Marín D, Monje MH, López-Aguirre M, Obeso I, Sánchez Ferro Á. Longitudinal assessment of social cognition in de novo Parkinson's disease patients and its relationship with dopaminergic innervation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114654. [PMID: 37659457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Cognition (SC) has been scarcely studied in Parkinson's disease (PD), and findings in early disease are controversial. SC encompasses different capacities such as facial emotion recognition (FER); Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand other people's intentions (cognitive-ToM) and emotions (affective-ToM); and self-monitoring, the ability to regulate one's own behavior in social contexts. A relationship between dopaminergic deficit and SC in PD has been suggested. OBJECTIVES To prospectively assess, over a two-year period, SC in newly diagnosed drug-naïve, cognitively normal and non-depressed PD patients. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between SC and Fluorodopa (Positron Emission Tomography) Ki uptake, which is a marker of dopaminergic depletion. METHODS We compared SC performance between 25 de novo PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC), and within-patients at baseline and two-year follow-up. The SC assessment included FER, ToM, as well as self-monitoring measures. The relationship between SC and dopaminergic innervation was also assessed in patients. RESULTS SC scores did not differ between PD and HC groups at baseline, nor between baseline and follow-up evaluation in PD. A significant positive correlation between self-monitoring and Fluorodopa Ki uptake in the left pallidum in PD patients was found at baseline. At follow-up, ToM (stories) positively correlated with Fluorodopa Ki uptake in the right thalamus and the left putamen. CONCLUSION SC appears to be preserved in de novo PD and remains stable in the short-term. Although more evidence is needed, our results support a relationship between dopamine innervation in subcortical regions and SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Trompeta
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Health Sciences, University of Alcala de Henares Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28054, Spain
| | - Carmen Gasca-Salas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José A Pineda-Pardo
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain
| | - Pasqualina Guida
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - David Mata-Marín
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mariana Hg Monje
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Aguirre
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez Ferro
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain
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17
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Lasgaard M, Bo AF, Nielsen LA, Swane CE, Qualter P, Christiansen J. Reducing loneliness in the community. More Together ('Flere i Fællesskaber')-a complex intervention in Denmark. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad105. [PMID: 37715939 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mounting evidence that loneliness is a determinant of poor health and well-being underpins the need for effective interventions and community action. 'More Together' (MoTo) is a large-scale, complex, multi-component and multi-level intervention for community change that addresses loneliness among young people and older adults in Silkeborg Municipality, Denmark. The intervention is inspired by the Collective Impact framework, and it is practice driven and rooted in an extensive cross-sector partnership. This article outlines (i) the organization of the cross-sector partnership, (ii) the structure of the intervention programme, (iii) the key components and activities of the programme and, finally, (iv) the intervention setting and target population. MoTo aims to create new ways to develop, implement and evaluate loneliness interventions. Experiences gained from MoTo hold the potential to transform our understanding of loneliness interventions and may inform and guide future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Lasgaard
- Defactum -Public Health Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne F Bo
- Defactum -Public Health Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise A Nielsen
- Defactum -Public Health Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie Christiansen
- Defactum -Public Health Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Schauf T, Dufner M, Nestler S, Rau R. Do Agency and Communion Explain the Relationship Between Perceiver and Target Effects in Interpersonal Perception? A Meta-Analysis on Generalized Reciprocity. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023; 49:1479-1494. [PMID: 35819179 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis examines generalized reciprocity, that is, the relationship between how people perceive others and how they are perceived by others. It tests the hypothesis that generalized reciprocity varies as a function of the content domain under investigation. Generalized reciprocity for attributes with primarily communal content (e.g., friendliness) was hypothesized to be more positive than generalized reciprocity for attributes with primarily agentic content (e.g., assertiveness). Sixty-four primary studies reporting correlations between perceiver and target effects with a total number of 17,561 participants were included in the analysis. Results of a multilevel meta-analytical random effects model showed that reciprocity correlations were slightly negative, but around zero, for primarily agentic attributes (r = -.05) and became more positive with increasing communal content (up to r = .18 for primarily communal attributes). Generalized reciprocity thus varied depending on the extent to which the regarded attribute is agentic versus communal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Dufner
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Martens JP, Ayaz S, Ayaz S, Dearn G. Meaning and blame: Meaning threats increase victim blaming, but profession and art can diminish it. Int J Psychol 2023; 58:415-423. [PMID: 37190922 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous work suggests that people have a need for meaning, and that when meaning is threatened, efforts are undertaken to restore a sense of meaning. We hypothesized that a meaning threat (i.e., reminders of death) would increase victim blaming of a domestic violence victim since doing so can restore a sense of meaning-that people get what they deserve-but for those with advanced knowledge of victimology, such as trained counsellors, this effect would be diminished since victim blaming runs counter to their meaning framework that bad things can happen to good people. In addition, because art can provide a sense of meaning, we hypothesized that either creating meaningful art or observing art and finding meaning within it would diminish blaming a domestic violence victim since having a sense of meaning should diminish the need to restore meaning via victim blaming. Over five studies with undergraduate and trained counsellors, we found support for the hypotheses, and a meta-analysis on the victim blaming effect suggested a small, though significant, effect size of d = .28. These findings enhance our understanding of various factors that affect victim blaming, and they point towards relatively easy to administer interventions to diminish it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Martens
- Department of Psychology, Capilano University, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shimaila Ayaz
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shawana Ayaz
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gemma Dearn
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Nikitović T, Vuletić T, Ignjatović N, Ninković M, Grujić K, Krnjaić Z, Krstić K. Crisis as Opportunity, Risk, or Turmoil: Qualitative Study of Youth Narratives About the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:686-692. [PMID: 37410006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study employed a narrative approach in order to explore how young people constructed meanings regarding their sense of self in the context of COVID-19 experiences. Adolescents have been identified as a particularly vulnerable group, as the developmental challenges they face are superimposed and amplified by the accidental crisis caused by the pandemic. METHODS An in-depth narrative analysis was conducted on written accounts of 13 females aged 17-23 years from Serbia. We selected these narratives from a larger sample of 70 responses (M = 20.1; SD = 2.9; 85.7% female) collected via an online form. We used reflexive thematic analysis as a tool for the selection process of the narratives subjected to in-depth narrative analysis. RESULTS Young people told stories that differ significantly in coherence, affective tone, personal agency, and depth of self-exploration. Narrative analysis of the selected accounts identified three distinct types of stories: (1) crisis as an opportunity for personal growth, (2) crisis as a risk for the sense of self, and (3) crisis as inner turmoil. DISCUSSION Narrative analysis enabled us to recognize three distinct processes of youth meaning-making related to the sense of self in times of crisis, all reflecting a significant impact on their core developmental task. Personal narratives served different functions; for some, the pandemic was framed as a challenge one could grow from, while others were left devastated or overwhelmed. Narrative coherence reflected youths' capacities for integrating experiences not necessarily connected to their psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Nikitović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Teodora Vuletić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natalija Ignjatović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Grujić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zora Krnjaić
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Krstić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Berryman K, Lazar SW, Hohwy J. Do contemplative practices make us more moral? Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:916-931. [PMID: 37574378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Contemplative practices are a staple of modern life and have historically been intertwined with morality. However, do these practices in fact improve our morality? The answer remains unclear because the science of contemplative practices has focused on unidimensional aspects of morality, which do not align with the type of interdependent moral functioning these practices aspire to cultivate. Here, we appeal to a multifactor construct, which allows the assessment of outcomes from a contemplative intervention across multiple dimensions of moral cognition and behavior. This offers an open-minded and empirically rigorous investigation into the impact of contemplative practices on moral actions. Using this framework, we gain insight into the effect of mindfulness meditation on morality, which we show does indeed have positive influences, but also some negative influences, distributed across our moral functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Berryman
- Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara W Lazar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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22
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Brandt ND, Drewelies J, Willis SL, Schaie KW, Ram N, Gerstorf D, Wagner J. Beyond Big Five trait domains: Stability and change in personality facets across midlife and old age. J Pers 2023; 91:1171-1188. [PMID: 36325745 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulated evidence indicates both stable and malleable parts of inter-individual differences in the broad Big Five domains. Less is known, however, about stability and change at the more diversified facet level. With the current study, we fill this gap by investigating personality stability and change across midlife and old age. METHOD We apply local structural equation measurement models and second-order growth curve models to four waves of data obtained with the full NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) collected over 11 years from 1667 adults (Mage = 62.69 years, SDage = 15.62, 55% female) who participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. RESULTS Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R facets are comparable across time and age. Results revealed substantial rank-order stabilities across all facets, yet the exact pattern varied strongly between facets of the same trait and across traits. Mean-level change of facets from midlife to old age largely mirrored the mean-level change observed for the broader traits. CONCLUSION We discuss conceptual implications and argue that in the face of overall stability across midlife and old age, changes in the rank-ordering of people reveals a much more complex and diverse pattern of development than analyses at the trait level suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemi D Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institut for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherry L Willis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Warner Schaie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenny Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Kamrani-Sharif R, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Allahverdikhani M, Motaghinejad M, Emanuele E. Oxytocin as neuro-hormone and neuro-regulator exert neuroprotective properties: A mechanistic graphical review. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102352. [PMID: 37354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is progressive cell loss in specific neuronal populations, often resulting in clinical consequences with significant medical, societal, and economic implications. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, oxytocin has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral therapeutic agent, including modulating mood disturbances and cognitive enchantment. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using the following databases Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, and Cochrane from January 2000 to February 2023 for articles dealing with oxytocin neuroprotective properties in preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and diseases with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/cell death. RESULTS The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin appears to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of neuro inflammation, activation of several antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical formation, activation of free radical scavengers, prevent of mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing neuro-apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress, and by restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamrani-Sharif
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahverdikhani
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Patmisari E, McLaren H. Australian Trends in Academic Literature Concerned With Family and Domestic Violence Perpetrators: A Bibliometric Literature Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:2808-2826. [PMID: 35962579 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we used a novel hybrid approach to review literature concerned with family and domestic violence (FADV) perpetrators. Our intention was to chart the research and publication activity of authors with Australian affiliation to identify homegrown evidence related to stopping the perpetration of violence. This involved systematic searching of literature from the Scopus electronic database, utilization of VOSviewer to sort keyword co-occurrences and authorship linking for 1,494 publication records over a 30-year period, and the review of 21 articles with perpetrator focus, identified from the 50 most cited publications. We found that Australians' authoring interests in FADV, over the last three decades, with perpetrator focus were predominantly concentrated on gender, rape and sexual assault, coercive control, and child abuse. In the most cited literature, six major themes were identified: perpetrator motivations, perpetrator interventions, patterns of violence, pandemic duet, perception of blame, and cyberstalking and violence. An upward curve in Australian authoring activity in the period under review aligns with societal shifts in which FADV was once considered a private issue and has now become ubiquitous in the public domain. Our findings revealed that research into perpetrators is insufficient to promote a zero-tolerance approach to FADV. Our corresponding in-depth literature review provides valuable insights surrounding perpetrator intervention programs with the goal of more effectively addressing the emerging challenge of technology-facilitated coercive control.
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25
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Branch JG. Individual differences in the frequency of voluntary & involuntary episodic memories, future thoughts, and counterfactual thoughts. Psychol Res 2023; 87:2171-2182. [PMID: 36781455 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary and involuntary mental time travel can take the form of episodic memory, episodic future thinking, and episodic counterfactual thinking. This study uses an individual-differences approach to understand why people engage in these forms of mental time travel. The individual-differences variables include trait-level personality, boredom proneness, depression, anxiety, stress, emotion regulation, mindfulness, mind-wandering, positive and negative affect, rumination, optimism, thinking styles, and time perspective. Across two studies, our results indicate that individual differences underlie these forms of mental time travel. The most unique, episodic counterfactual thinking, was alone positively correlated with negative emotionality and negatively correlated with optimism. We also observe differences as a function of voluntariness and discuss these findings in relation to the cognitively demanding nature of constructing future and counterfactual thoughts. We discuss the importance of distinguishing voluntary from involuntary thinking and assessing episodic counterfactual thinking in relation to episodic memory and episodic future thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared G Branch
- School of Psychology & Cognitive Science, Avila University, Kansas, MO, 64145, USA.
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26
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Yik M, Sze INL, Kwok FHC, Lin SY. Mapping Chinese Personality: An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the NEO-PI-3 in Monolingual and Bilingual Studies. Assessment 2023; 30:2031-2049. [PMID: 36382787 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221126921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The NEO-PI-3 is a fourth-generation instrument that has been shown to improve the psychometrics and readability of its immediate precedent, the NEO-PI-R. We examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 using three datasets (Ns = 913, 299, 403) collected using both monolingual and bilingual designs. The Chinese NEO-PI-3 scales displayed a five-factor structure in which the facets had the highest loadings on their intended factors. The structure demonstrated strong invariance across both languages (English vs. Chinese) and gender groups, maintained high test-retest reliability, and attained slightly better internal consistency than the NEO-PI-R. We also examined the affective underpinnings of personality factors and well-being measures using the Chinese Circumplex Model of Affect. Consistent with past findings, Neuroticism and Extraversion were most related to affect, while Satisfaction with Life and Subjective Happiness shared the affective core of pleasant feelings and medium arousal. Based on these results, the Chinese NEO-PI-3 appears to be a sound instrument to measure personality in Chinese communities and to compare personality across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yik
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Irene N L Sze
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Felity H C Kwok
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Shiang-Yi Lin
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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27
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Zhu X, Upenieks L. Age Differences in Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing the Moderating Role of Attachment to God. J Aging Health 2023; 35:607-622. [PMID: 35776900 PMCID: PMC9253723 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined age differences in mental health problems (depression and anxiety) during the COVID-19 pandemic using nationally representative data from the United States. Drawing from a life course perspective, we also assessed if a secure attachment to God conditioned the relationship between age and mental health. Methods: Data were from the 2021 Values and Beliefs of the American Public Study (N = 1168), collected roughly 1 year into the pandemic. Results: Older adults (61 years and over) reported lower depression and anxiety than respondents 18-30 years of age. However, stronger perceptions of attachment to God significantly closed the age gap in anxiety between these age groups. Discussion: Though absolute levels of religiosity tend to be higher for older adults, secure attachment to God was more protective of the mental health of younger adults during the pandemic. We reflect on our findings through a life course lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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28
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Bader M, Hilbig BE, Zettler I, Moshagen M. Rethinking aversive personality: Decomposing the Dark Triad traits into their common core and unique flavors. J Pers 2023; 91:1084-1109. [PMID: 36256568 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] |