1
|
Yılmaz D, Gürses A, Kalecik S, Maman A, Şahin E, Güneş K. Removal of 177Lu from radioactive wastewater using Montmorillonite clay. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 211:111417. [PMID: 38925036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Because radioactive 177Lu has a wide range of possible applications in radiopharmaceuticals, its removal from medical wastewater is particularly important. Montmorillonite clay was employed as an adsorbent in this study. Radioactive solutions were prepared with dilutions of the solution containing 177Lu at various concentrations, in which it was present as Lu3+. ULEGe detector in gamma spectrometer was used to measure 177Lu gamma rays emitted from the radioactive aqueous solutions. The results obtained showed that it is possible to remove 177Lu with a high yield of approximately 90% and it is effective in a period of 90 min under acidic conditions. From the findings, it can be argued that Montmorillonite clay, as an abundant and sustainable adsorbent, may also be suitable for the disposal of different radioactive medical wastes such as 131I and 99mTc, and also the technique based on gamma ray spectroscopy can be used for fast and practical measurements of radioactive material amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demet Yılmaz
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Gürses
- Ataturk University, K.K. Education Faculty, Department of Chemistry Education, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sedanur Kalecik
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adem Maman
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Şahin
- Ataturk University, K.K. Education Faculty, Department of Chemistry Education, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kübra Güneş
- Ataturk University, K.K. Education Faculty, Department of Chemistry Education, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mikeska ER, Wilson RE, Sen A, Autschbach J, Blakemore JD. Preparation of Neptunyl and Plutonyl Acetates To Access Nonaqueous Transuranium Coordination Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39047184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Uranyl diacetate dihydrate is a useful reagent for the preparation of uranyl (UO22+) coordination complexes, as it is a well-defined stoichiometric compound featuring moderately basic acetates that can facilitate protonolysis reactivity, unlike other anions commonly used in synthetic actinide chemistry such as halides or nitrate. Despite these attractive features, analogous neptunium (Np) and plutonium (Pu) compounds are unknown to date. Here, a modular synthetic route is reported for accessing stoichiometric neptunyl(VI) and plutonyl(VI) diacetate compounds that can serve as starting materials for transuranic coordination chemistry. The new NpO22+ and PuO22+ complexes, as well as a corresponding molecular UO22+ complex, are isomorphous in the solid state, and in solution show similar solubility properties that facilitate their use in synthesis. In both solid and solution state, the +VI oxidation state (O.S.) is maintained, as demonstrated by vibrational and optical spectroscopy, confirming that acetate anions stabilize the oxidizing, high-valent +VI states of Np and Pu as they do for the more stable U(VI). All three acetate salts readily react with a model diprotic ligand, affording incorporation of U(VI), Np(VI), and Pu(VI) cores into molecular coordination compounds that occurs concomitantly with elimination of acetic acid; the new complexes are high-valent, yet overall charge neutral, facilitating entry into nonaqueous chemistry by rational synthesis. Computational studies reveal that the dianionic ligand framework assists in stabilizing the +VI O.S. via donation to the 5f shells of the actinides, highlighting the potential usefulness of protonolysis reactivity toward preparation of stabilized high-valent transuranic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Mikeska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard E Wilson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matyskin AV, Angermeier SB, Drera SS, Prible MC, Geuther JA, Heibel MD. Actinium-225 photonuclear production in nuclear reactors using a mixed radium-226 and gadolinium-157 target. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 136-137:108940. [PMID: 39002498 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinium-225 is one of the most promising radionuclides for targeted alpha therapy. Its limited availability significantly restricts clinical trials and potential applications of 225Ac-based radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS In this work, we examine the possibility of 225Ac production from the thermal neutron flux of a nuclear reactor. For this purpose, a target consisting of 1.4 mg of 226Ra(NO3)2 (T1/2 = 1600 years) and 115.5 mg of 90 % enriched, stable 157Gd2O3 was irradiated for 48 h in the Breazeale Nuclear Reactor with an average neutron flux of 1.7·1013 cm-2·s-1. Gadolinium-157 has one of the highest thermal neutron capture cross sections of 0.25 Mb, and its neutron capture results in emission of high-energy, prompt γ-photons. Emitted γ-photons interact with 226Ra to produce 225Ra according to the 226Ra(γ, n)225Ra reaction. Gadolinium debulking and separation of undesirable, co-produced 227Ac from 225Ra was achieved in one step by using 60 g of branched DGA resin. After 225Ac ingrowth from 225Ra (T1/2 = 14.8 d), 225Ac was extracted from the 226Ra and 225Ra fraction using 5 g of bDGA resin and then eluted using 5 mM HNO3. RESULTS Measured activity of 225Ac showed that 6(1) kBq or 0.16(3) μCi (1σ) of 225Ra was produced at the end of bombardment from 0.9 mg of 226Ra. CONCLUSION The developed 225Ac separation is a waste-free process which can be used to obtain pure 225Ac in a nuclear reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Matyskin
- Radiation Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 100 Breazeale Nuclear Reactor, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America.
| | - Susanna B Angermeier
- Radiation Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 100 Breazeale Nuclear Reactor, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America; Department of Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Hallowell Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Saleem S Drera
- RadTran LLC, 5428 South Idalia Way, Centennial, CO 80015, United States of America
| | - Michael C Prible
- Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, 1000 Westinghouse Drive, Cranberry Township, PA 16066, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Geuther
- Radiation Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 100 Breazeale Nuclear Reactor, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Michael D Heibel
- Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, 1000 Westinghouse Drive, Cranberry Township, PA 16066, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kruse SJ, Rajapaksha H, LaVerne JA, Mason SE, Forbes TZ. Radiation-Induced Defects in Uranyl Trinitrate Solids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400956. [PMID: 38619503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Actinides are inherently radioactive; thus, ionizing radiation is emitted by these elements can have profound effects on its surrounding chemical environment through the formation of free radical species. While previous work has noted that the presence of free radicals in the system impacts the redox state of the actinides, there is little atomistic understanding of how these metal cations interact with free radicals. Herein, we explore the effects of radiation (UV and γ) on three U(VI) trinitrate complexes, M[UO2(NO3)3] (where M=K+, Rb+, Cs+), and their respective nitrate salts in the solid state via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Raman spectroscopy paired with Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. We find that the alkali salts form nitrate radicals under UV and γ irradiation, but also note the presence of additional degradation products. M[UO2(NO3)3] solids also form nitrate radicals and additional DFT calculations indicate the species corresponds to a change from the bidentate bound nitrate anion into a monodentate NO3 • radical. Computational studies also highlight the need to include the second sphere coordination environment around the [UO2(NO3)3]0,1 species to gain agreement between the experimental and predicted EPR signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Kruse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, USA, 52242
| | - Harindu Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, USA, 52242
| | - Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA, 46556
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA, 46556
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, USA, 52242
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA, 11973
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, USA, 52242
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chong S, Riley BJ, Lu X, Du J, Mahadevan T, Hegde V. Synthesis and properties of anhydrous rare-earth phosphates, monazite and xenotime: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18978-19000. [PMID: 38873547 PMCID: PMC11170338 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis methods, crystal structures, and properties of anhydrous monazite and xenotime (REPO4) crystalline materials are summarized within this review. For both monazite and xenotime, currently available Inorganic Crystal Structure Database data were used to study the effects of incorporating different RE cations on the unit cell parameters, cell volumes, densities, and bond lengths. Domains of monazite-type and xenotime-type structures and other AXO4 compounds (A = RE; X = P, As, V) are discussed with respect to cation sizes. Reported chemical and radiation durabilities are summarized. Different synthesis conditions and chemicals used for single crystals and polycrystalline powders, as well as first-principles calculations of the structures and thermophysical properties of these minerals are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saehwa Chong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA +1-509-375-2469 +1-509-372-4651
| | - Brian J Riley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA +1-509-375-2469 +1-509-372-4651
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA +1-509-375-2469 +1-509-372-4651
| | - Jincheng Du
- University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | | | - Vinay Hegde
- Citrine Informatics Redwood City CA 94063 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kynman AE, Grimes TS, Mezyk SP, Layne B, Cook AR, Rotermund BM, Horne GP. Generation and study of Am(IV) by temperature-controlled electron pulse radiolysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9262-9266. [PMID: 38776119 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
First-of-a-kind temperature-controlled electron pulse radiolysis experiments facilitated the radiation-induced formation of Am(IV) in concentrated (6.0 M) HNO3, and enabled the derivation of Arrhenius and Eyring activation parameters for instigating the radical reaction between NO3˙ and Am(III).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Kynman
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Travis S Grimes
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Bobby Layne
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Andrew R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Gregory P Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arteaga A, Arino T, Moore GC, Bustos JL, Horton MK, Persson KA, Li J, Stickle WF, Kohlgruber TA, Surbella RG, Nyman M. The Role of Alkalis in Orchestrating Uranyl-Peroxide Reactivity Leading to Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301687. [PMID: 38466912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Spectator ions have known and emerging roles in aqueous metal-cation chemistry, respectively directing solubility, speciation, and reactivity. Here, we isolate and structurally characterize the last two metastable members of the alkali uranyl triperoxide series, the Rb+ and Cs+ salts (Cs-U1 and Rb-U1). We document their rapid solution polymerization via small-angle X-ray scattering, which is compared to the more stable Li+, Na+ and K+ analogues. To understand the role of the alkalis, we also quantify alkali-hydroxide promoted peroxide deprotonation and decomposition, which generally exhibits increasing reactivity with increasing alkali size. Cs-U1, the most unstable of the uranyl triperoxide monomers, undergoes ambient direct air capture of CO2 in the solid-state, converting to Cs4[UVIO2(CO3)3], evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We have attempted to benchmark the evolution of Cs-U1 to uranyl tricarbonate, which involves a transient, unstable hygroscopic solid that contains predominantly pentavalent uranium, quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction suggests this intermediate state contains a hydrous derivative of CsUVO3, where the parent phase has been computationally predicted, but not yet synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arteaga
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Trevor Arino
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- current address, Department of Nuclear Chemistry U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Guy C Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, U. C. Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenna L Bustos
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Matthew K Horton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, U. C. Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, U. C. Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | | | - Robert G Surbella
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reece ME, Li J, Strzelecki AC, Wen J, Zhang Q, Guo X. Surface thermodynamics of yttrium titanate pyrochlore nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5421-5432. [PMID: 38385242 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05605h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline pyrochlore materials have been investigated for their enhanced radiation tolerance as ceramic nuclear waste hosts. In this work, we study the thermodynamic driving force of nano-scale materials for radiation resistance. The size dependent thermodynamic properties of a series of Y2Ti2O7 nanoparticles were investigated. Samples were synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, BET analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The surface and interface enthalpies of Y2Ti2O7 were determined by high temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry to be 4.07 J m-2 and 3.04 J m-2, respectively. The experimentally obtained surface energy is in good agreement with computationally derived average surface energies for yttrium and other rare-earth titanate pyrochlores. Theoretical links between nanoparticle stability, surface energy, and radiation resistance of pyrochlore materials were then explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Reece
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jiahong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Andrew C Strzelecki
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- The School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Juan Wen
- School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
- The School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ernst MJ, Abdulkader A, Hagenbach A, Claude G, Roca Jungfer M, Abram U. [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh 3)Cl] and [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh 3)(NCCH 3)](PF 6), and Their Reactions with Pyridine and Chalcogen Donors. Molecules 2024; 29:1114. [PMID: 38474627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactions of the technetium(I) nitrosyl complex [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)Cl] with triphenylphosphine chalcogenides EPPh3 (E = O, S, Se), and Ag(PF6) in a CH2Cl2/MeOH mixture (v/v, 2/1) result in an exchange of the chlorido ligand and the formation of [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)(EPPh3)](PF6) compounds. The cationic acetonitrile complex [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)(NCCH3)]+ is formed when the reaction is conducted in NCCH3 without additional ligands. During the isolation of the corresponding PF6- salt a gradual decomposition of the anion was detected in the solvent mixture applied. The yields and the purity of the product increase when the BF4- salt is used instead. The acetonitrile ligand is bound remarkably strongly to technetium and exchange reactions readily proceed only with strong donors, such as pyridine or ligands with 'soft' donor atoms, such as the thioether thioxane. Substitutions on the cyclopentadienyl ring do not significantly influence the ligand exchange behavior of the starting material. 99Tc NMR spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the evaluation of reactions of the complexes of the present study. The extremely large chemical shift range of this method allows the ready detection of corresponding ligand exchange reactions. The observed 99Tc chemical shifts depend on the donor properties of the ligands. DFT calculations support the discussions about the experimental results and provide explanations for some of the unusual findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Johannes Ernst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdullah Abdulkader
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hagenbach
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guilhem Claude
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Abram
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zotina TA, Sukhorukov VV, Zhyzhaev AM, Alexandrova YV, Karpov AD, Melgunov MS, Miroshnichenko LV. Particulate matter from water moss of a large Siberian river: Morphometric, mineral, elemental and radionuclide composition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 272:107354. [PMID: 38086286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter trapped by tufts of water moss Fontinalis antipyretica inhabiting fast flowing waters of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) contaminated with artificial radionuclides has been studied as a potential monitor of radioactive releases to the river. Particulate matter, which was removed from wet tufts of water moss of the Yenisei by rinsing them in water, constituted at least 38% of bulk dry weight of the moss biomass sample and was similar in the contents of chemical elements, minerals, organic matter, and artificial radionuclides to bottom sediments of the Yenisei. Considerable bulk percentages of artificial radionuclides in the sample of water moss, 77% of 137Cs, 44% of 60Co, 41% of 152Eu, 55% of 154Eu, 66% of 241Am, and 34-36% of plutonium were associated with extracellular particles. The comparative study and correlation analysis suggested that 137Cs was mainly associated with mineral particles trapped by moss and that organic matter was responsible for binding plutonium in samples of water moss. Consequently, analysis of extracellular particles of water moss can provide data on contents and speciation of radionuclides transported by water current. Although a considerably high proportion of particulate matter had been washed out from tufts of water moss, some extracellular mineral particulate material and a large number of epiphytic diatoms remained attached to leaves of water moss. Our study proves that particulate matter trapped by water moss can be used as an informative monitor to trace radioactive pollutants transported by water current in running waters deficient in bottom sediments and potential biomonitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Zotina
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny av., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
| | - Vladislav V Sukhorukov
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny av., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
| | - Anatoly M Zhyzhaev
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/24 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - Yuliyana V Alexandrova
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - Anton D Karpov
- All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, 15 Institutskaya str., Pushkino, 141202, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Melgunov
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Academician Koptyug av., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Leonid V Miroshnichenko
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Academician Koptyug av., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shang C, Gaona X, Oher H, Polly R, Skerencak-Frech A, Duckworth S, Altmaier M. Experimental and computational evidence of U(VI)-OH-Si(OH) 4 complexes under alkaline conditions: Implications for cement systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141048. [PMID: 38182084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The complexation of uranyl hydroxides with orthosilicic acid was investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. Spectroluminescence titration was performed in a glovebox under argon atmosphere at pH 9.2, 10.5 and 11.5, with [U(VI)] = 10-6 and 5 × 10-6 mol kgw-1. The polymerization effects of silicic acid were minimized by ruling out samples with less than 90 % monomeric silicic acid present, identified via UV-Vis spectrometry using the molybdate blue method. Linear regression analysis based on time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) results yielded the conditional stepwise formation constants of U(VI)-OH-Si(OH)4 complexes at 0.05 mol kgw-1 NaNO3. The main spectroscopic features - characteristic peak positions and decay-time - are reported for the first time for the UO2(OH)2SiO(OH)3- species observed at pH 9.2 and 10.5 and UO2(OH)2SiO2(OH)22- predominant at pH 11.5. Quantum chemical calculations successfully computed the theoretical luminescence spectrum of the complex UO2(OH)2SiO(OH)3- species, thus underpinning the proposed chemical model for weakly alkaline systems. The conditional stability constants were extrapolated to infinite dilution using the Davies equation, resulting in log10β°(UO2(OH)2SiO(OH)3-) and log10β°(UO2(OH)2SiO2(OH)22-). Implications for U(VI) speciation in the presence and absence of competing carbonate are discussed for silicate-rich environments expected in certain repository concepts for nuclear waste disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Shang
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Xavier Gaona
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Hanna Oher
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Juliot-Curie (IJCLab), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Robert Polly
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrej Skerencak-Frech
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sarah Duckworth
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcus Altmaier
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dang AN, Rogalski MH, Pilgrim CD, Wilbanks JR, Peterman DR, Carrie JD, Zalupski PR, Mezyk SP, Horne GP. Radiolytic evaluation of a new technetium redox control reagent for advanced used nuclear fuel separations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4039-4046. [PMID: 38224090 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04987f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Technetium is a problematic radioisotope for used nuclear fuel (UNF) and subsequent waste management owing to its high environmental mobility and coextraction in reprocessing technologies as the pertechnetate anion (TcO4-). Consequently, several strategies are under development to control the transport of this radioisotope. A proposed approach is to use diaminoguanidine (DAG) for TcO4- and transuranic ion redox control. Although the initial DAG molecule is ultimately consumed in the redox process, its susceptibility to radiolysis is currently unknown under envisioned UNF reprocessing conditions, which is a critical knowledge gap for evaluating its overall suitability for this role. To this end, we report the impacts of steady-state gamma irradiation on the rate of DAG radiolysis in water, aqueous 2.0 M nitric acid (HNO3), and in a biphasic solvent system composed of aqueous 2.0 M HNO3 in contact with 1.5 M N,N-di-(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide (DEHiBA) dissolved in n-dodecane. Additionally, we report chemical kinetics for the reaction of DAG with key transients arising from electron pulse radiolysis, specifically the hydrated electron (eaq-), hydrogen atom (H˙), and hydroxyl (˙OH) and nitrate (NO3˙) radicals. The DAG molecule exhibited significant reactivity with the ˙OH and NO3˙ radicals, indicating that oxidation would be the predominant degradation pathway in radiation environments. This is consistent with its role as a reducing agent. Steady-state gamma irradiations demonstrated that DAG is readily degraded within a few hundred kilogray, the rate of which was found to increase upon going from water to HNO3 containing solutions and solvents systems. This was attributed to a thermal reaction between DAG and the predominant HNO3 radiolysis product, nitrous acid (HNO2), k(DAG + HNO2) = 5480 ± 85 M-1 s-1. Although no evidence was found for the radiolysis of DAG altering the radiation chemistry of the contacted DEHiBA/n-dodecane phase in the investigated biphasic system, the utility of DAG as a redox control reagent will likely be limited by significant competition with its degradation by HNO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach California, 90840-9507, USA.
| | - Maya H Rogalski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach California, 90840-9507, USA.
| | - Corey D Pilgrim
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Freemont Ave., P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Joseph R Wilbanks
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Freemont Ave., P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Dean R Peterman
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Freemont Ave., P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Jesse D Carrie
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Freemont Ave., P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Peter R Zalupski
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Freemont Ave., P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach California, 90840-9507, USA.
| | - Gregory P Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 N. Freemont Ave., P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sockwell AK, Sweet TFM, Barth B, Burns PC, Hixon AE. Pu(VI) Oxalate Crystal Structure and Evidence of Photoreduction to Pu(IV) Oxalate. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:56-60. [PMID: 38117695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the first crystal structure of a Pu(VI)-oxalate compound. This compound, [PuO2(C2O4)(H2O)]·2(H2O) (1), crystallizes in space group P21/c with a = 5.5993(3) Å, b = 16.8797(12) Å, c = 9.3886(6) Å, and β = 98.713(6)°. It is isostructural with the previously reported U(VI) compound, [UO2(C2O4)(H2O)]·2(H2O). Each plutonyl ion (PuO22+) is coordinated in the equatorial plane by two side-on bidentate oxalates, creating an infinite chain along [001]. A coordinated water molecule and twisting of the oxalates lead to a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry of the Pu. A photochemical degradation was observed for 1, which resulted in the formation of a secondary crystalline phase. The absorption spectrum of this secondary phase confirmed the presence of Pu(IV), but it did not match the spectrum of Pu(C2O4)2·6H2O, which is considered to be the primary product of Pu-oxalate precipitation. While compound 1 has previously been proposed to exist in solution, this is the first time it has been isolated via crystallization. Although redox interactions between Pu and oxalate have been documented in the literature, the present study is the first observation of a photochemical reduction of Pu(VI)-oxalate. As a result, this study has expanded on the limited understanding of the Pu(VI)-oxalate system, which is important for nuclear fuel cycle applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kirstin Sockwell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Teagan F M Sweet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brodie Barth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amy E Hixon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abou-Hashim F, Khalifa WH, Shalaby MB, Kassem SM, Khalil WKB. Evaluation of Fasting and Probiotics in Reducing Postweaning Stress in Rabbits: Study of their Effects on Biochemical and Gene expression Patterns. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:558-572. [PMID: 37160565 PMCID: PMC10794315 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Postweaning stress in mammalian in vivo models leads to significant oxidative stress in the body as well as inducing hormonal disturbance. In this study, we assessed progressive alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which at high levels can show oxidative stress, in addition to oxidative damage to the DNA structure of rabbits. Different groups of rabbits were fasted for 48 h per week for 3 weeks, fed a commercial diet with probiotics added (200 mg of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis), and fasted while being treated with probiotics. The results showed that weaning induced a significant elevation in oxidative stress markers, such as the ROS-related genes malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2), DNA damage, and hormonal disturbance. However, probiotic treatment resulted in significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde, cortisol, and triiodothyronine (T3); DNA damage; and apoptosis, as well as changes in the expression of ROS-related genes. On the other hand, supplementation with probiotics reduced these postweaning stress signs in fasted animal models by elevating the genes encoding catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-s-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, and thyroxin (T4) levels. The results suggest that supplementation with probiotics accompanied by a fasting program could decrease oxidative stress, ROS genes, and genomic DNA damage and improve the hormonal status that is induced by postweaning stress in mammalian in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abou-Hashim
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Khalifa
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural and Biological Researches Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Shalaby
- Toxicology Department, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Ministry of Health and Population, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Salwa M Kassem
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dembowski M, Rasmussen HE, Rowley JE, Droessler JE, Goff GS, May I. Separation of rare earth element radioisotopes by reverse-phase high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464478. [PMID: 37926007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Analytical scale purification of rare earth element (REE) radioisotopes is typically accomplished using cation-exchange resins (e.g. AG 50W-X8) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Despite the variety of improvements made since the development of this separation process in the 1950s, nearest neighbor separations remain a challenge, as does the issue of irreversible sample adsorption. Herein, we report a study that evaluates the potential of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) as an alternative method for purifying REE elements, with specific reference to separations of fission product REE of interest to nuclear forensics. Complementary HSCCC REE separation experiments, one spiked with radiotracer and REE fission product activity, allowed for in depth analysis of resulting fractions from both an elemental (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES) and radiological (gamma-ray spectrometry, beta counting) purity perspective. The highly reproducible nature of separation profiles generated from HSCCC instruments was leveraged to simplify work-up of samples containing radioisotopes. Subsequent radioanalytical evaluation revealed minimal carryover of Eu into neighboring Sm and Tb fractions (as indicated by presence of 150Eu), and trace contamination of the Tb fraction with Y (as indicated by presence of 91Y). Subtle differences in stationary phase retention across the two columns were reflected in significant variations in decontamination factors of duplicate parallel separations. These differences paired with obtained distribution of radioisotopes provided valuable insights into future improvements. Collectively, this study represents a significant step forward in development of HSCCC technology for task specific REE radioisotope purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
| | - Hope E Rasmussen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - John E Rowley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | | | - George S Goff
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - Iain May
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ksenofontov AL, Baratova LA, Semenyuk PI, Fedorova NV, Badun GA. Changes in the Structure of Potato Virus A Virions after Limited in situ Proteolysis According to Tritium Labeling Data and Computer Simulation. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2146-2156. [PMID: 38462457 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Coat proteins (CP) of the potato virus A virions (PVA) contain partially disordered N-terminal domains, which are necessary for performing vital functions of the virus. Comparative analysis of the structures of coat proteins (CPs) in the intact PVA virions and in the virus particles lacking N-terminal 32 amino acids (PVAΔ32) was carried out in this work based on the tritium planigraphy data. Using atomic-resolution structure of the potato virus Y potyvirus (PVY) protein, which is a homolog of the CP PVA, the available CP surfaces in the PVY virion were calculated and the areas of intersubunit/interhelix contacts were determined. For this purpose, the approach of Lee and Richards [Lee, B., and Richards, F. M. (1971) J. Mol. Biol., 55, 379-400] was used. Comparison of incorporation profiles of the tritium label in the intact and trypsin-degraded PVAΔ32 revealed position of the ΔN-peptide shielding the surface domain (a.a. 66-73, 141-146) and the interhelix zone (a.a. 161-175) of the PVA CP. Presence of the channels/cavities was found in the virion, which turned out to be partially permeable to tritium atoms. Upon removal of the ΔN-peptide, decrease in the label incorporation within the virion (a.a. 184-200) was also observed, indicating possible structural transition leading to the virion compactization. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that part of the surface ΔN-peptide is inserted between the coils of the virion helix thus increasing the helix pitch and providing greater flexibility of the virion, which is important for intercellular transport of the viruses in the plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Ksenofontov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Ludmila A Baratova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Pavel I Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Natalia V Fedorova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Gennadii A Badun
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bolsunovsky A, Borisov R, Melgunov M. New data on mobility of transuranium elements in sediments of the Yenisei River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 270:107285. [PMID: 37651770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The inflow of transuranium elements to the Yenisei River was previously associated with the production of weapons-grade plutonium at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC, Zheleznogorsk, Russia), but the source of transuranium elements in the River today is fabrication of MOX fuel that started recently at the MCC. The current study presents results of sequential chemical extraction of radionuclides from sediment samples collected in 2014 and 2020 in two areas near the MCC discharge site and compares these results with the data obtained previously by sequential extraction of sediments collected during 1999-2007. Over the study period, the strength of binding of 137Cs and 60Co in the Yenisei River sediments was high (up to 100%) and remained so, while the percentages of 241Am and 152Eu in residual solids after sequential extraction increased considerably and the percentage of 239,240Pu in residual solids decreased in samples from all study areas. In samples collected at the position located close to the MCC discharge site, the percentages of the strongly bound 241Am and 152Eu as well as 239,240Pu were lower than in the samples from the other positions. The study demonstrated an enormous increase in 239,240Pu activity concentration in the top sediment layers collected at all positions in 2020 relative to 2014. In the same period, as literature data suggest, 239,240Pu activity concentrations also increased in aquatic organisms of the Yenisei River, which can be indicative of the growing potential bioavailability of plutonium in the aquatic ecosystem, which could be caused by the presence of the mobile form of plutonium in the routine discharges from the MCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Roman Borisov
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melgunov
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coll RP, Bright SJ, Martinus DKJ, Georgiou DK, Sawakuchi GO, Manning HC. Alpha Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Cancer Therapy: Biological Basis, Current Status, and Future Outlook for Therapeutics Discovery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:991-1019. [PMID: 37845582 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Critical advances in radionuclide therapy have led to encouraging new options for cancer treatment through the pairing of clinically useful radiation-emitting radionuclides and innovative pharmaceutical discovery. Of the various subatomic particles used in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, alpha (α) particles show great promise owing to their relatively large size, delivered energy, finite pathlength, and resulting ionization density. This review discusses the therapeutic benefits of α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals and their pairing with appropriate diagnostics, resulting in innovative "theranostic" platforms. Herein, the current landscape of α particle-emitting radionuclides is described with an emphasis on their use in theranostic development for cancer treatment. Commonly studied radionuclides are introduced and recent efforts towards their production for research and clinical use are described. The growing popularity of these radionuclides is explained through summarizing the biological effects of α radiation on cancer cells, which include DNA damage, activation of discrete cell death programs, and downstream immune responses. Examples of efficient α-theranostic design are described with an emphasis on strategies that lead to cellular internalization and the targeting of proteins involved in therapeutic resistance. Historical barriers to the clinical deployment of α-theranostic radiopharmaceuticals are also discussed. Recent progress towards addressing these challenges is presented along with examples of incorporating α-particle therapy in pharmaceutical platforms that can be easily converted into diagnostic counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Coll
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Scott J Bright
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David K J Martinus
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitra K Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel O Sawakuchi
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Novikov AP, Zagidullin KA, Volkov MA, German KE, Nevolin IM, Grigoriev MS. Influence of the organic cation on the formation of hexahalotechnetates: X-ray, thermal and comparative analyses of non-covalent interactions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17538-17547. [PMID: 37962484 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have reviewed non-covalent interactions in technetium hexahalide compounds and obtained eight new compounds of the CatnTcHal6 type, where Cat = dimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, caffeinium, benzothiazolium, nicotinamidium, and pyrazolium, and Hal = Cl, Br. SCXRD studies were carried out for new compounds. In some compounds, halide anions and/or crystallization water were present. In the compounds obtained, an essential influence on the formation of structures and crystal packing is exerted by the molecules of crystallization water and halide ions. Diethylammonium and nicotinamidium compounds, whose structures do not contain other ions and contain sufficiently strong non-covalent interactions, best bind hexahalotechnetates. π-Stacking interactions, anion-π interactions, and halogen bonds were found in the structures. The percentage contribution of the H⋯Hal/Hal⋯H interactions in the transition from fluorine to bromine in TcHal62- anions decreases, while the contribution of interactions of other types increases. The greatest variety of interactions in anions is observed for compounds of caffeinium and nicotinamidium with TcBr62-. The paper considers the processes of thermolysis of some new and previously known CatnTcHal6 compounds with various cations. It is shown that the thermal stability of the compounds is only due to the properties of the organic cation and does not depend on the nature of the halogen. The proposed stages of the process of thermolysis of the TcHal62- anion, accompanied by the reduction of technetium to metal, have been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Novikov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31 Bldg 4, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| | - Karim A Zagidullin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31 Bldg 4, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail A Volkov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31 Bldg 4, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin E German
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31 Bldg 4, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| | - Iurii M Nevolin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31 Bldg 4, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail S Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31 Bldg 4, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kovalenko OV, Baulin VE, Shulga YM, Baulin DV, Gutsev GL, Tsivadze AY. Composite Resins Impregnated by Phosphorus Organic Extractants for Separation of Rare Earth Elements from Nitrate-Based Leachate of Permanent Magnets. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6614. [PMID: 37834751 PMCID: PMC10574082 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Composite resins impregnated by different organophosphorus extractants were developed and used for the extraction chromatography recovery of rare earth elements from nitrate-based leachate of NdFeB permanent magnets. The influence of different factors on recovery of Nd(III) and Fe(III), as the most difficult to separate elements, by developed resins was studied. The influence of extractant structure, the composition of feed solutions, and concentrations of HNO3 and NH4NO3 on the recovery of Fe(III) and Nd(III) by prepared resins were considered. The best recovery of Nd(III) was shown by resin impregnated with N,N-dioctyl (diphenylphosphoryl) acetamide. For this material, sorption characteristics (values of the distribution coefficient, capacity, and the Nd(III)/Fe(III) separation factor) were obtained, and the reproducibility of the loading-stripping process was evaluated. This resin and its precursors were characterized by IR spectroscopy. It was found that the developed resin is more efficient for Nd(III) recovery than resin impregnated with TODGA. An effective approach to the Nd(III)/Fe(III) separation with developed resin in nitrate solution was proposed. This approach was used for recovery of Pr(III), Nd(III), and Dy(III) from the nitrate-based leachate of NdFeB magnets by the developed resin. The final product contained 99.6% of rare earths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kovalenko
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, Building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (V.E.B.); (D.V.B.); (A.Y.T.)
| | - Vladimir E. Baulin
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, Building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (V.E.B.); (D.V.B.); (A.Y.T.)
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yuri M. Shulga
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitriy V. Baulin
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, Building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (V.E.B.); (D.V.B.); (A.Y.T.)
| | - Gennady L. Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, Building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (V.E.B.); (D.V.B.); (A.Y.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patel D, Jindal MK, Pamidimukkala PS, Chakraborty D. Gamma radiation dose rate distribution in the Anand, Bharuch, Vadodara, and Narmada districts of Gujarat, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107104-107117. [PMID: 36807856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is present everywhere in the earth, and human beings are continuously exposed to gamma radiation. The health consequences of environmental radiation exposure are a serious societal issue. The purpose of this study was to analyse outdoor radiation in four districts of Gujarat, India: Anand, Bharuch, Narmada, and Vadodara during summer and winter seasons. This study illustrated the influence of lithology of areas on gamma radiation dose values. Summer and winter seasons are the primary factors that alter the causes directly or indirectly; therefore, the influence of season fluctuation on radiation dose rate was investigated. The annual dose rate and mean gamma radiation dose rate values from four districts were found to be greater than the global population weight average value. The mean value of gamma radiation dose rate from 439 locations in the summer and winter seasons was 136.23 nSv/h and 141.58 nSv/h, respectively. According to a paired differences sample study, the significance value between outdoor gamma dose rate in summer and winter seasons was 0.05 indicating that seasons have a significant impact on gamma radiation dose rate. The impact of various types of lithology on gamma radiation dose was studied in all 439 places, and the statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant association between lithology and gamma radiation dose rate in the summer season, but a relationship between lithology and gamma dose rate was observed in the winter season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Patel
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Jindal
- Indian Institute of Technology, Bhilai, India
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Padmaja Sudhakar Pamidimukkala
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.
- Department of Chemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.
| | - Debjani Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hamed A, Orabi A, Salem H, Ismaiel D, Saad G, Abdelhamid I, Elwahy A, Elsabee M. An effective uranium removal using diversified synthesized cross-linked chitosan bis-aldehyde Schiff base derivatives from aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106790-106811. [PMID: 36334198 PMCID: PMC10611627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three new cross-linked chitosan derivatives were yielded through intensification of chitosan with diverse types of bis-aldehydes. The prepared cross-linked chitosan was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, and TGA techniques. TGA indicated an improvement in thermal stability of the cross-linked chitosan compared with pure chitosan. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the three novel cross-linked chitosan bis-aldehyde derivatives possessed good adsorption capacity against U(VI) in the order of BFPA > BFB > BODB (adsorption capacity of the three adsorbents for U(VI) reaches 142, 124, and 114 mg/g respectively) and the adsorption isotherm and kinetic were well described by the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. In addition, the prepared cross-linked chitosan bis-aldehyde derivatives were examined as U(VI) catcher from waste solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hend Salem
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ismaiel
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ismail Abdelhamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elwahy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Maher Elsabee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kallio A, Leikoski N, Otaki M. Natural radioactivity of residues from groundwater treatment facilities in Finland. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2023; 43:031517. [PMID: 37699385 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/acf8d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of naturally occurring radionuclides in solid residues was investigated from groundwater treatment facilities (GTFs) in Finland. Natural radionuclides U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228 were found in various precipitates, sludges and filters at concentrations exceeding the general clearance level of 1 kBq kg-1used for solid materials in the European directive 2013/59/Euratom. The accumulation of natural radionuclides in different solid residues was observed even when the activity concentrations in the untreated groundwater were relatively low, and when there was no measurable change in the concentrations between raw and treated groundwater within analytical uncertainties. Based on mass and activity balance considerations this is thought to be due to the large volumes of treated water per year. The exposure of workers to natural radiation from solid residues in the regular use of a groundwater facility was found not to be likely to exceed 0.3 mSv a-1if the activity concentrations are <10 kBq kg-1for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228. The worker exposure from solid residues is therefore likely to remain below the reference level of 1 mSv a-1, and indoor radon is more of a concern for the radiation protection of workers at GTFs. However, the natural radionuclide content in the different solid residues from groundwater treatment needs to be characterised properly to be able to ensure safety in the final use of the residues with respect to the potential exposure of the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kallio
- Radiation Practices Regulation, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Niina Leikoski
- Radiation Practices Regulation, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Miho Otaki
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li XB, Wu QY, Wang CZ, Lan JH, Zhang M, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Unveiling the Reduction Mechanism of Pu(IV) by Acetaldoxime. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7479-7486. [PMID: 37668451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The separation of plutonium (Pu) from spent nuclear fuel was achieved by effectively adjusting the oxidation state of Pu from +IV to +III in the plutonium uranium reduction extraction (PUREX) process. Acetaldoxime (CH3CHNOH) as a free salt reductant can rapidly reduce Pu(IV), but the reduction mechanism remains indistinct. Herein, we explore the reduction mechanism of two Pu(IV) ions by one CH3CHNOH molecule, where the second Pu(IV) reduction is the rate-determining step with the energy barrier of 19.24 kcal mol-1, which is in line with the experimental activation energy (20.95 ± 2.34 kcal mol-1). Additionally, the results of structure and spin density analyses demonstrate that the first and second Pu(IV) reduction is attributed to hydrogen atom transfer and hydroxyl ligand transfer, respectively. Analysis of localized molecular orbitals unveils that the reduction process is accompanied by the breaking of the Pu-OOH bond and the formation of the OOH-H and C-OOH bonds. The reaction energies confirm that the reduction of Pu(IV) by acetaldoxime is both thermodynamically and kinetically accessible. In this work, we elucidate the reduction mechanism of Pu(IV) with CH3CHNOH, which provides a theoretical understanding of the rapid reduction of Pu(IV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Li
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Hui Lan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rendošová M, Gyepes R, Kello M, Vilková M, Mudroňová D, Olejníková P, Cardiano P, Gama S, Milea D, Vargová Z. Silver(I) pyrrole- and furan-2-carboxylate complexes - From their design and characterization to antimicrobial, anticancer activity, lipophilicity and SAR. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112266. [PMID: 37271621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two silver(I) complexes with biologically relevant heterocyclic ligands, pyrrole and furan-2- carboxylic acid, were synthesized and their composition was confirmed using elemental, spectral, thermal and structural analyses. The {[Ag(Py2c)]}n (AgPy2c, Py2c = pyrrole-2-carboxylate) and {[Ag(Fu2c)]}n (AgFu2c, Fu2c = furan-2-carboxylate) solubility and stability in biological test stock solution were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray analysis has enabled us to determine typical argentophilic interactions and bridging carboxylate coordination mode of both ligands. Potentiometric data analysis by BSTAC program resulted in the determination of the stability constant of only one species, i.e., the ML (M = Ag+, L = Fu2c-), log βML = 0.59 ± 0.04. Antimicrobial and anticancer tests were performed against selected microorganisms and cell lines with new silver(I) complexes and compared with AgSD (silver(I) sulfadiazine) and cisplatin. From their microbial toxicity point of view, selectivity was determined against lactobacilli (AgPy2c is 8× more effective against S. aureus and E. coli and AgFu2c is 8× more effective against E. coli and 4× against S. aureus). AgFu2c significant anticancer activity was determined against Jurkat cell lines (IC50 = 8.00 μM) and was similar to cisPt (IC50 = 6.3 μM) similarly to its selectivity (SI (AgFu2c) = 7.3, SI (cisPt) = 6.4, SI = selectivity index). In addition, cell cycle arrest was observed already in the Sub-G0 phase during a flow cytometry experiment. To evaluate the AgPy2c and AgFu2c bioavailability we also discuss their Lipinski's Rule of Five.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rendošová
- Institute of Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- Institute of Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Praha, Czechia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Vilková
- Institute of Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paola Cardiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, CHIBIOFARAM, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sofia Gama
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 1397), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, CHIBIOFARAM, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Zuzana Vargová
- Institute of Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grigoriev MS, Charushnikova IA, Budantseva NA, Fedoseev AM. Mixed-Valence Np V/An VI Molybdate Complexes with Single-Charge Outer-Sphere Cations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12708-12720. [PMID: 37504518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Five new mixed-valence NpV/AnVI molybdates of the composition [C(NH2)3]3[(NpVO2)(NpVIO2)(MoO4)3(H2O)]·H2O (1), [C(NH2)3]3[(NpVO2)(NpVIO2)(MoO4)3(H2O)]·3H2O (2), Na3[(NpVO2)(PuVIO2)(MoO4)3(H2O)]·nH2O (3), Na6[(NpVO2)2(UVIO2)(MoO4)5]·13H2O (4), and LiNa2[(NpVO2)(NpVIO2)2(MoO4)4(H2O)]·4H2O (5) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The coordination polyhedra of the NpV and AnVI atoms in compounds 1-5 are pentagonal bipyramids. The basis of structures 1-3 is anionic layers of the composition [(NpVO2)(AnVIO2)(MoO4)3(H2O)]n3n-. Three crystallographically independent molybdate ions are tridentate-bridging ligands. The water molecule, which is a part of the anion layer, is coordinated to the NpV atom. The anionic layers in complexes 2 and 3 have the same structure, different from 1. The basis of structure 4 is anionic layers of the composition [(NpVO2)2(UVIO2)(MoO4)5]n6n-, the structure of which differs from the structure of anionic layers in 1-3. Complex 5 has a three-dimensional (3D) structure. The spectra of all compounds in the UV-visible and IR ranges were measured and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Iraida A Charushnikova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Nina A Budantseva
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Fedoseev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abbass AM, Elrahman MA, Abdel-Gawwad HA, Stephan D. Critical parameters affecting the thermal resistance of alkali-activated aluminosilicate wastes: Current understanding and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84874-84897. [PMID: 37369899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Many research articles and reviews have recognized alkali-activated materials (AAMs) as eco-friendly alternative binders to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their economic andenvironmental advantages. However, few literature surveys reported the physical, mechanical and microstructural changes that occur after the exposure of AAMs to elevated temperatures. Owing to the wide diversity in the properties of aluminosilicates, alkali-activation conditions, and additives, a deep survey is needed to understand how different factors can affect the performance of AAMs under elevated temperatures. Therefore, this review extensively discusses the impact of recent critical parameters, including aluminosilicate compositions, aggregate type and mineral, micro, and nano additives, on the behavior of AAMs under thermal load. It can be concluded that regardless of alkali-activator type and concentration, alkali-activated fly ash shows higher thermal resistance than alkali-activated metakaolin and slag. Moreover, the presence of an adequate amount of calcium can increase the thermal stability of AAMs, while the iron has a varying effect on the thermal resistance of AAMs, either positively or negatively. Compared with all additives and aggregates, using waste glass and lightweight aggregates enhanced the thermal resistance of AAMs. Howerver, some types of aggregate having a binding ability which increase the residual strength after heat exposure. Considering the fineness of materials, evaluating the role of nano and micro materials on the properties of AAMs at high temperatures is reviewed. Based on this survey, several promising topics for future work are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abbass
- Department of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Institute of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elrahman
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Abdel-Gawwad
- Raw Building Materials and Processing Technology Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dietmar Stephan
- Department of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Institute of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Chen Z, Wang C, Zhang L. One-Step Hydrothermal Preparation of a Corncob-Derived Porous Adsorbent with High Adsorption Capacity for Urea in Wastewater: Sorption Experiments and Kinetics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10420-10431. [PMID: 37481779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
With rapid industrial development, the massive generation of nitrogenous wastewater poses a serious threat to both human beings and the ecosystem. Bio-based adsorbents are considered promising adsorption materials for many applications. However, their complex preparation procedures, large energy consumption, and difficulty of microstructure control hinder their practical applications. In this study, a new corncob-derived porous adsorbent (CPA) with excellent urea adsorption capacity in wastewater was prepared by the one-step hydrothermal process. The effects of the hydrothermal process conditions on the urea adsorption capacity of the CPA were evaluated and optimized using the response surface methodology, and a kinetic analysis of the CPA was also carried out. Our findings showed that the adsorption process of urea by the adsorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The high adsorption capacity for urea was attributed to the abundant porous structure and the hydrogen bonds formed between the adsorbent and the amine group in urea, which made it more conducive to the adsorption of urea. Therefore, we believe that CPA could be a promising adsorbent for urea removal in wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for the Complex Utilization of Petro-Resources and Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for the Complex Utilization of Petro-Resources and Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chengqian Wang
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for the Complex Utilization of Petro-Resources and Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Claude G, Puccio D, Roca Jungfer M, Hagenbach A, Spreckelmeyer S, Abram U. Technetium Complexes with an Isocyano-alkyne Ligand and Its Reaction Products. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37494664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of an ethyne substituent in the para position of phenylisocyanide, CNPhpC≡CH, enables the isocyanide to replace carbonyl ligands in the coordination sphere of common technetium(I) starting materials such as (NBu4)[Tc2(μ-Cl)3(CO)6]. The ligand exchange proceeds under thermal conditions and finally forms the corresponding hexakis(isocyanide)technetium(I) complex. The product undergoes a copper-catalyzed cycloaddition ("Click" reaction), e.g., with benzyl azide, which gives the [Tc(CNPhazole)6]+ cation. The free, uncoordinated "Click" product is obtained from a reaction of the corresponding tetrakis(CNPhazole)copper(I) complex and NaCN. It readily reacts with mer-[Tc(CO)3(tht)(PPh3)2](BF4) (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) under exchange of the thioether ligand. Alternatively, [Cu(CNPhazole)4]+ can be used as a transmetalation reagent for the synthesis of the hexakis(isocyanide)technetium(I) complex, which is the preferable approach for the synthesis of the technetium complex with the short-lived nuclear isomer 99mTc, and a corresponding protocol for [99mTc(CNPhazole)6]+ is reported. The 99Tc and copper complexes have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and/or spectroscopic methods including IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Claude
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Puccio
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Roca Jungfer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hagenbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Benjamin SE, LaVerne JA, Sigmon GE, Burns PC. Investigation of Radiation Effects in the Uranyl Mineral Metaschoepite. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37433111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water vapor and He ion irradiation on the alteration of particles of the uranyl hydroxide phase metaschoepite, [(UO2)8O2(OH)12](H2O)10, are determined. Raman spectra collected immediately postirradiation revealed the presence of a uranyl oxide phase structurally similar to γ-UO3 or U2O7. Short-term storage postirradiation at elevated relative humidity accelerated formation of the uranyl peroxide phase studtite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2. Experiments examining the degradation of metaschoepite and the hydration of UO3 enabled spectral assignments and identification of reaction pathways. The results provide insights into thermal and radiolytic degradation products in both irradiated uranyl hydroxide phases and uranyl peroxide phases, which follow similar degradation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ginger E Sigmon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Avdibegović D, Barbier E, Jaklič B, Škapin SD, Spreitzer M, Binnemans K. Removal of copper and iron from ethanolic solutions by an anion exchange resin and its implication to rare-earth magnet recycling. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138603. [PMID: 37028714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the recycling of end-of-life rare-earth magnets, the recovery of non-rare earth constituents is often neglected. In the present study, strong cation and anion exchange resins were tested batchwise for the recovery of the non-rare-earth constituents of permanent magnets (copper, cobalt, manganese, nickel and iron) from synthetic aqueous and ethanolic solutions. The cation exchange resin recovered most of metal ions from aqueous and ethanolic feeds, whereas the anion exchange resin could selectively recover copper and iron from ethanolic feeds. The highest uptake of iron and copper was found for 80 vol% and 95 vol% multi-element ethanolic feeds, respectively. A similar trend in selectivity of the anion resin was observed in breakthrough curve studies. Batch experiments, UV-Vis, FT-IR and XPS studies were performed to elucidate the ion exchange mechanism. The studies indicate that the formation of chloro complexes of copper and their exchange by the (hydrogen) sulfate counter ions of the resin have an important role in the selective uptake of copper from the 95 vol% ethanolic feed. Iron(II) was largely oxidized to iron(III) in ethanolic solutions and was expected to be recovered by the resin in the form of iron(II) and iron(III) complexes. The moisture content of the resin did not have a significant role on the selectivity for copper and iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dženita Avdibegović
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Elke Barbier
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Blaž Jaklič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matjaž Spreitzer
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Koen Binnemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lemport PS, Petrov VS, Matveev PI, Leksina UM, Roznyatovsky VA, Gloriozov IP, Yatsenko AV, Tafeenko VA, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Budylin GS, Shirshin EA, Markov VY, Goryunkov AA, Petrov VG, Ustynyuk YA, Nenajdenko VG. First 24-Membered Macrocyclic 1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-Diamides-An Efficient Switch from Acidic to Alkaline Extraction of f-Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10261. [PMID: 37373410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A reaction of acyl chlorides derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acids with piperazine allows the preparation of the corresponding 24-membered macrocycles in good yield. The structural and spectral properties of these new macrocyclic ligands were thoroughly investigated, revealing promising coordination properties towards f-elements (Am, Eu). It was shown that the prepared ligands can be used for selective extraction of Am(III) from alkaline-carbonate media in presence of Eu(III) with an SFAm/Eu up to 40. Their extraction efficiency is higher than calixarene-type extraction of the Am(III) and Eu(III) pair. Composition of macrocycle-metal complex with Eu(III) was investigated by luminescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The possibility of such ligands to form complexes of L:Eu = 1:2 stoichiometry is revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Lemport
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine S Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Petr I Matveev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Uliana M Leksina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Yatsenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Viktor N Khrustalev
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 115419, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Yu Markov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri A Ustynyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang W, Su Z, Han W, Chen J, Li M, Zhang M, Liu R. Effects of F - on the Electrochemical Behavior of Zr(IV) and the Nucleation Mechanism of Zr in the LiCl-KCl-K 2ZrF 6 System. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37319119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of F- on the electrochemical formation of Zr, the reduction mechanism, kinetic properties, and nucleation mechanism of Zr(IV) were compared in the LiCl-KCl-K2ZrF6 system before and after the addition of F- at different concentration ratios of F-/Zr(IV). As indicated by the results, when the ratio of F-/Zr(IV) ranged from 7 to 10, the intermediate state Zr(III) was detected, and the reduction mechanism of Zr(IV) was converted into Zr(IV) → Zr(III) → Zr. The diffusion coefficients of Zr(IV), Zr(III), and Zr(II) decreased with an increase in the value of F-/Zr(IV). The exchange current density (j0) of Zr(II)/Zr exceeded that of Zr(III)/Zr, and the j0 and α values of Zr(III)/Zr decreased with the increase of F-/Zr(IV). The nucleation mechanism at different ratios of F-/Zr(IV) was investigated through chronoamperometry. The result suggested that the nucleation mechanism of Zr varied with the overpotential at F-/Zr(IV) = 6. The addition amount of F- led to the variation of the nucleation mechanism of Zr, i.e., progressive nucleation when F-/Zr(IV) = 7 and instantaneous nucleation when F-/Zr(IV) = 10. Zr was prepared through constant current electrolysis at different concentrations of F- and then analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), suggesting that the concentration of F- can exert a certain effect on the surface morphology of products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rugeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mu W, Yu Y, Sun H, Zhu Z, Li J, Liang W. Fabrication of ATP/PEG/MnO 2NWs composite for solar steam generation with high conversion efficiency. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:916-924. [PMID: 37329603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solar steam generation is widely used in seawater desalination because of its high efficiency and environmental protection. However, using low-cost materials to produce efficient solar evaporators is a severe challenge. In this study, a porous carbon material was prepared by combining Attapulgite (ATP), Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Manganese dioxide nanowires (MnO2NWs) composite, through freeze-drying and high-temperature carbonization. The prepared CAPM aerogel shows a three-dimensional porous structure, which has high evaporation properties in pure water and simulated seawater. Under 1 sun simulated illumination, the pure water evaporation is 1.4574 kg m-2h-1 and the corresponding energy conversion efficiency is 85.94%. The prepared CAPM aerogel showed excellent durability and salt tolerance in 20%Nacl solution, indicating that the CAPM has excellent desalinization performance. In addition, CAPM aerogel has and exhibits super hydrophilic properties, which can transfer water molecules quickly. Due to the advantages of low cost, simple preparation method, and high solar energy conversion efficiency, the CAPM has excellent potential as a photothermal material for solar energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Mu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jiyan Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Weidong Liang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leinders G, Acevedo B, Jutier F, Colak G, Verwerft M. Speciation and Ammonia-Induced Precipitation of Neptunium and Uranium Ions. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pH evolution and corresponding changes in the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of oxygenated neptunium (NpO2+ and NpO22+) and uranyl ions (UO22+) in nitric acid are investigated during titration with an aqueous NH3 solution. The speciation and precipitation regimes between acidic (pH 1.5) and alkaline (pH 10) conditions at room temperature are discussed to assess the suitability of Np(V) or Np(VI) in sol-gel conversion processes for fuel target fabrication. Under the applied experimental conditions, Np(V) hydrolyzes and precipitates into the insoluble hydroxide NpO2OH only above pH values 7.5 and an increase up to pH 10.0 is required to precipitate quantitatively. Np(VI) displays changes in the coordination environment of NpO22+ ions in the pH interval 1.6-4.0, similar to what is observed for U(VI). Precipitation into NpO3·H2O or other hydroxide compounds takes place between pH 4.0 and 5.9, which overlaps largely with precipitation of ammonium diuranate species from the U(VI) solution. The use of concentrated NH3 aqueous solution, as commonly used in the external gelation process, will allow to quantitatively precipitate both Np(V) and Np(VI) species. Internal gelation process conditions, on the other hand, seem incompatible with the high pH required to precipitate Np(V) completely. For fabricating mixed-oxide (U,Np) targets using sol-gel conversion, a feed broth containing Np(VI) and U(VI) will be required to achieve homogeneous gelation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Leinders
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Acevedo
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Jutier
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Gamze Colak
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Verwerft
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alotaibi AM, Ismail AF, Aziman ES. Ultra-effective modified clinoptilolite adsorbent for selective thorium removal from radioactive residue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9316. [PMID: 37291241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of using phosphate-modified zeolite (PZ) as an adsorbent for removing thorium from aqueous solutions. The effects of various factors such as contact time, adsorbent mass, initial thorium concentration, and pH value of the solution on the removal efficiency were analyzed using the batch technique to obtain optimum adsorption condition. The results revealed that the optimal conditions for thorium adsorption were a contact time of 24 h, 0.03 g of PZ adsorbent, pH 3, and a temperature of 25 °C. Isotherm and kinetics parameters of the thorium adsorption on PZ were also determined, with equilibrium studies showing that the experimental data followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qo) for thorium was found to be 17.3 mg/g with the Langmuir isotherm coefficient of 0.09 L/mg. Using phosphate anions to modify natural zeolite increased its adsorption capacity. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption of thorium onto PZ adsorbent fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. The applicability of the PZ adsorbent in removing thorium from real radioactive waste was also investigated, and nearly complete thorium removal was achieved (> 99%) from the leached solution obtained from cracking and leaching processes of rare earth industrial residue under optimized conditions. This study elucidates the potential of PZ adsorbent for efficient removal of thorium from rare earth residue via adsorption, leading to a reduction in waste volume for ultimate disposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Masoud Alotaibi
- Nuclear Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aznan Fazli Ismail
- Nuclear Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Nuclear Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eli Syafiqah Aziman
- Nuclear Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Escamilla-Lara KA, Lopez-Tellez J, Rodriguez JA. Adsorbents obtained from recycled polymeric materials for retention of different pollutants: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139159. [PMID: 37290512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric waste is an environmental problem, with an annual world production of approximately 368 million metric tons, and increasing every year. Therefore, different strategies for polymer waste treatment have been developed, and the most common are (1) redesign, (2) reusing and (3) recycling. The latter strategy represents a useful option to generate new materials. This work reviews the emerging trends in the development of adsorbent materials obtained from polymer wastes. Adsorbents are used in filtration systems or in extraction techniques for the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds from air, biological and water samples. The methods used to obtain different adsorbents are detailed, as well as the interaction mechanisms with the compounds of interest (contaminants). The adsorbents obtained are an alternative to recycle polymeric and they are competitive with other materials applied in the removal and extraction of contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Escamilla-Lara
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tellez
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mansour B, Salem YA, Attallah KM, El-kawy OA, Ibrahim IT, Abdel-Aziz NI. Cyanopyridinone- and Cyanopyridine-Based Cancer Cell Pim-1 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Radiolabeling, Biodistribution, and Molecular Modeling Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19351-19366. [PMID: 37305261 PMCID: PMC10249106 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two new series of 3-cyanopyridinones (3a-e) and 3-cyanopyridines (4a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and Pim-1 kinase inhibitory activity adopting 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in vitro Pim-1 kinase inhibition assay, respectively. Most of the tested compounds revealed promising cytotoxicity against HepG-2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and PC-3 cell lines. Among them, compounds 4c and 4d showed more potent cytotoxicity against the HePG2 cell line with IC50 = 8.02 ± 0.38 and 6.95 ± 0.34 μM, respectively, than that of the reference 5-FU (IC50 = 9.42 ± 0.46 μM). Moreover, compound 4c was more potent against HCT-116 (IC50 = 7.15 ± 0.35 μM) than 5-FU (IC50 = 8.01 ± 0.39 μM), while compound 4d with IC50 = 8.35 ± 0.42 μM displayed comparable activity to that of the reference drug. Furthermore, high cytotoxic activity was manifested by compounds 4c and 4d against MCF-7 and PC3 cell lines. Our results have also indicated that compounds 4b, 4c, and 4d elicited remarkable inhibition of Pim-1 kinase; 4b and 4c showed equipotent inhibitory activity to that of the reference quercetagetin. Meanwhile, 4d displayed IC50 = 0.46 ± 0.02 μM, showed the best inhibitory activity among the tested compounds, and was more potent than quercetagetin (IC50 = 0.56 ± 0.03 μM). For optimization of the results, docking study of the most potent compounds 4c and 4d in the Pim-1 kinase active site was carried out and compared with both quercetagetin and the reported Pim-1 inhibitor A (VRV), and the results were consistent with those of the biological study. Consequently, compounds 4c and 4d are worthy of further investigations toward the discovery of Pim-1 kinase inhibitors as drug candidates for cancer therapy. Compound 4b was successfully radiolabeled with radioiodine-131, and its biodistribution in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice showed more observable uptake in tumor sites, and hence, it can be introduced as a new radiolabeled agent for tumor imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem Mansour
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Yomna A. Salem
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University − Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Attallah
- Labeled
Compound Department, Hot Lab Center, Egyptian
Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - O. A. El-kawy
- Labeled
Compound Department, Hot Lab Center, Egyptian
Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - Ismail T. Ibrahim
- Labeled
Compound Department, Hot Lab Center, Egyptian
Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - Naglaa I. Abdel-Aziz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Dakahlia, Egypt
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Maslennikova AA, Mushnikov PN, Dub AV, Tkacheva OY, Zaikov YP, Liu YL, Shi WQ. Determination of the Oxygen Content in the LiF-NaF-KF Melt. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114197. [PMID: 37297331 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present paper is dedicated to the quantitative determination of oxygen-containing impurities in the LiF-NaF-KF eutectic using electrochemical (cyclic and square-wave voltammetry) and reduction melting methods. The LiF-NaF-KF melt was analyzed before and after purifying electrolysis. The amount of oxygen-containing impurities removed from the salt during purification was determined. It was found that after electrolysis, the concentration of oxygen-containing impurities decreased by 7 times. The results obtained via electrochemical techniques and reduction melting were well-correlated, which made it possible to evaluate the quality of the LiF-NaF-KF F melt. To verify the analysis conditions, mechanical mixtures of LiF-NaF-KF containing Li2O were analyzed using the reduction melting method. The oxygen concentration in the mixtures varied from 0.672 to 2.554 wt. %. Based on the analysis results, the dependence approximated by the straight line was obtained. These data may be used to draw calibration curves and to further develop the procedure of oxygen analysis of fluoride melts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Maslennikova
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya Str., 20, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Peter N Mushnikov
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya Str., 20, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V Dub
- JSC "Science and Innovations", State Corporation Rosatom, 32/2 Kadashevskaya Quay, 115035 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Tkacheva
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya Str., 20, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Yury P Zaikov
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya Str., 20, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ya-Lan Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nazarchuk EV, Siidra OI, Charkin DO, Tagirova YG. Framework Uranyl Silicates: Crystal Chemistry and a New Route for the Synthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114153. [PMID: 37297289 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, uranyl silicates are mostly represented by minerals in nature. However, their synthetic counterparts can be used as ion exchange materials. A new approach for the synthesis of framework uranyl silicates is reported. The new compounds Rb2[(UO2)2(Si8O19)](H2O)2.5 (1), (K,Rb)2[(UO2)(Si10O22)] (2), [Rb3Cl][(UO2)(Si4O10)] (3) and [Cs3Cl][(UO2)(Si4O10)] (4) were prepared at harsh conditions in "activated" silica tubes at 900 °C. The activation of silica was performed using 40% hydrofluoric acid and lead oxide. Crystal structures of new uranyl silicates were solved by direct methods and refined: 1 is orthorhombic, Cmce, a = 14.5795(2) Å, b = 14.2083(2) Å, c = 23.1412(4) Å, V = 4793.70(13) Å3, R1 = 0.023; 2 is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 23.0027(8) Å, b = 8.0983(3) Å, c = 11.9736(4) Å, β = 90.372(3) °, V = 2230.43(14) Å3, R1 = 0.034; 3 is orthorhombic, Imma, a = 15.2712(12) Å, b = 7.9647(8) Å, c = 12.4607(9) Å, V = 1515.6(2) Å3, R1 = 0.035, 4 is orthorhombic, Imma, a = 15.4148(8) Å, b = 7.9229(4) Å, c = 13.0214(7) Å, V = 1590.30(14) Å3, R1 = 0.020. Their framework crystal structures contain channels up to 11.62 × 10.54 Å filled by various alkali metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Nazarchuk
- Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg I Siidra
- Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184200 Apatity, Russia
| | - Dmitri O Charkin
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory 1, bd. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana G Tagirova
- Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zheng J, Yang Y, Dai Z, Wang J, Xia Y, Li C. Preparation of manganese dioxide/hollow mesoporous silica spheres (MnO2/HMSS) composites for removal of Sr(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
42
|
Li L, Yu SJ, Zheng RG, Li P, Li QC, Liu JF. Removal of iodide anions in water by silver nanoparticles supported on polystyrene anion exchanger. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:45-54. [PMID: 36801041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The removal of iodide (I-) from source waters is an effective strategy to minimize the formation of iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues. In this work, a nanocomposite Ag-D201 was synthesized by multiple in situ reduction of Ag-complex in D201 polymer matrix, to achieve highly efficient removal of iodide from water. Scanning electron microscope /energy dispersive spectrometer characterization showed that uniform cubic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) evenly dispersed in the D201 pores. The equilibrium isotherms data for iodide adsorption onto Ag-D201 was well fitted with Langmuir isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 533 mg/g at neutral pH. The adsorption capacity of Ag-D201 increased with the decrease of pH in acidic aqueous solution, and reached the maximum value of 802 mg/g at pH 2. This was attributed to the oxidization of I-, by dissolved oxygen under the catalysis of AgNPs, to I2 which was finally adsorbed as AgI3. However, the aqueous solutions at pH 7 - 11 could hardly affect the iodide adsorption. The adsorption of I- was barely affected by real water matrixes such as competitive anions (SO42-, NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-) and natural organic matter, of which interference of NOM was offset by the presence of Ca2+. The proposed synergistic mechanism for the excellent performance of iodide adsorption by the absorbent was ascribed to the Donnan membrane effect caused by the D201 resin, the chemisorption of I- by AgNPs, and the catalytic effect of AgNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Ecology and Resources Engineering, He Tao College, Inner Mongolia 015000, China
| | - Su-Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong-Gang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Cun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bezhin NA, Shibetskaia IG, Kozlovskaia ON, Slizchenko EV, Tananaev IG. 7Be Recovery from Seawater by Sorbents of Various Types. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114088. [PMID: 37297222 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a comprehensive study of sorbents based on manganese dioxide was carried out for beryllium sorption from seawater in laboratory and expeditionary conditions. The possibility of using several commercially available sorbents based on manganese dioxide (Modix, MDM, DMM, PAN-MnO2) and phosphorus(V) oxide (PD) for 7Be recovery from seawater for solving oceanological problems was evaluated. Beryllium sorption under static and dynamic conditions was studied. The distribution coefficients and dynamic and total dynamic exchange capacities were determined. Sorbents Modix (Kd = (2.2 ± 0.1) × 103 mL/g) and MDM (Kd = (2.4 ± 0.2) × 103 mL/g) showed high efficiency. The dependences of the degree of recovery on time (kinetics) and the capacity of the sorbent on the beryllium equilibrium concentration in solution (isotherm) were established. The data obtained were processed using kinetic models (intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-first and pseudo-second orders, Elovich model) and sorption isotherm equations (Langmuir, Freindlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich). The paper contains results of expeditionary studies to evaluate the sorption efficiency of 7Be from large volumes of the Black Sea water by various sorbents. We also compared the sorption efficiency of 7Be for the considered sorbents with aluminum oxide and previously obtained sorbents based on iron(III) hydroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Bezhin
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (MHI RAS), Kapitanskaya Str., 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sevastopol State University, Universitetskaya Str., 33, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Iuliia G Shibetskaia
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (MHI RAS), Kapitanskaya Str., 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Ol'ga N Kozlovskaia
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (MHI RAS), Kapitanskaya Str., 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Slizchenko
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (MHI RAS), Kapitanskaya Str., 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Ivan G Tananaev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sevastopol State University, Universitetskaya Str., 33, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GEOKHI RAS), Kosygin Str., 19, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Nuclear Technology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanov Str., 8, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ahad J, Ahmad M, Farooq A, Waheed K, Irfan N. Removal of iodine by dry adsorbents in filtered containment venting system after 10 years of Fukushima accident. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27485-1. [PMID: 37231136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine is a hazardous fission product and a major concern for public health. Special attention is paid to iodine out of 80 fission products because of its short half-life of 8.02 days, high activity, and potential health hazards like its irreversible accumulation in thyroid gland and ability to cause thyroid cancer locally. Radioactive iodine can get released in the form of aerosols (cesium iodide), elemental iodine, and organic iodide after a nuclear accident and can cause off-site and on-site contamination. Filtered containment venting system (FCVS) is a safety system whose main objective is mitigation of severe accidents via controlled venting and removal of different forms of iodine to ensure safety of people and environment. After nuclear accidents like Fukushima, extensive research has been done on the removal of iodine by using dry scrubbers. This review paper presents research status of iodine removal by dry adsorbents especially after 10 years of Fukushima to assess the progress, research gap, and challenges that require more attention. A good adsorbent should be cost-effective; it should have high selective adsorption towards iodine, high thermal and chemical stability, and good loading capacity; and its adsorption should remain unaffected by aging and the presence of inhibitors like CO, NO2, CH3Cl, H2O, and Cl2 and radiation. Research on different dry adsorbents was discussed, and their capability as a potential filter for FCVS was reviewed on the basis of all the above-mentioned features. Metal fiber filters have been widely used for removal of aerosols especially micro- and nanoscale aerosols. For designing a metal fiber filter, optimal size or combination of sizes of fibers, number of layers, and loading capacity of filter should be decided according to feasibility and requirement. Balance between flow resistance and removal efficiency is also very important. Sand bed filters were successful in retention of aerosols, but they showed low trapping of iodine and no trapping of methyl iodide at all. For iodine and methyl iodide removal, many adsorbents like activated carbon, zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic frameworks (POPs), silica, aerogels, titanosilicates, etc. have been used. Impregnated activated carbon showed good results but low auto-ignition temperature and decline in adsorption due to aging and inhibitors like NOx made them less suitable. Silver zeolites have been very successful in methyl iodide and iodine removal, but they are expensive and affected by presence of CO. Titanosilicates, macroreticular resins, and chalcogels were also studied and they showed good adsorption capacities, but their thermal stability was low. Other adsorbents like silica, MOFs, aerogels, and POPs also showed promising results for iodine adsorption and good thermal stability, but very limited or no research is available on their performance in severe accident conditions. This review will be very helpful for researchers to understand the merits and demerits of different types of dry adsorbents, the important operating parameters that need optimization for designing an efficient scrubber, margin of research, and foreseeable challenges in removal of different forms of iodine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Ahad
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Masroor Ahmad
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Waheed
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Irfan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Akbar A, Gul Z, Hussain N, Al Haddad AHI, Khan NA, Sadiq MB, Sher H. High throughput biochemical profiling, and functional potential analysis for valorization of grape peduncles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8328. [PMID: 37221193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L., commonly known as grape is a major fruit crop in the world. Grapes seem to confer health benefits due to their chemical components, biological and antioxidant activities. The present study is conducted to evaluate the biochemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of ethanolic grape peduncles (EGP) extract. The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, phenol, steroid, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones. Furthermore, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were 7.35 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g (Gallic Acid Equivalent per gram) and 29.67 ± 0.13 mg QE/g (Quercetin Equivalent per gram) respectively. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay revealed IC50 = 159.3 μg/mL. The antibacterial and antifungal study disclosed that the extract was highly potent against Salmonella typhi with maximum zone of inhibition of 27.2 ± 1.60 mm and Epidermophyton floccosum with 74 ± 1.81% inhibition. The extract was analyzed for its cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity and showed no activity against HeLa cell line and promastigotes of Leishmania major. Elements Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cd were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and approximately 50 compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Current work suggest that grape peduncles can be a promising source of bioactive medicinal component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan.
| | - Zareen Gul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Amal H I Al Haddad
- Chief Operations Office, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) in Partnership with Mayo Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, 19120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mohammadpour A, Karami N, Zabihi R, Fazeliyan E, Abbasi A, Karimi S, Barbosa de Farias M, Adeodato Vieira MG, Shahsavani E, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Green synthesis, characterization, and application of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for methylene blue removal: RSM optimization, kinetic, isothermal studies, and molecular simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115507. [PMID: 36828253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) is a cationic dye causing various health problems such as asthma, heartbeat, eye and skin irritation, nausea, and distress during prolonged exposure. In this regard, the green magnetite nanoparticle was synthesized using the extract of Prosopis farcta. The synthesized Fe3O4nanoparticle was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The corresponding parameters, including the primary concentration of MB (5-65 mg/L), the dose of synthesized nanoparticle (0.025-0.925 g/L), solution pH (3-11), and contact time (20-60 min), were considered. Also, central composite design (CCD), as one of the response surface methodologies (RSM), was used for the related modelling and optimization. The particle size of the adsorbent was between 5 and 70 nm, and the nanoparticle has 206.75 m2/g of a specific surface, 6.1 nm of average pore size, and 0.3188 cm3/g of the total pore volume. The optimal conditions for MB removal by the nanoparticle were found to follow an initial MB concentration of 20 mg/L, 0.7 g/L of the nanoparticle dose, pH = 9, and a contact time of 50 min. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Freundlich models were the best kinetic and isothermal models for MB removal by the synthesized nanoparticle. Molecular modelling was used to optimize the MB molecular configuration and compute HOMO-LUMO energies, quantum-chemical descriptors, and molecular electrostatic potential to evaluate the nature reactivity of the MB molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Najmeh Karami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Zabihi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Fazeliyan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 8813733435, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Ebrahim Shahsavani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang Y, Huang M, Yu H, Cui J, Gao J, Lou Z, Feng X, Shan W, Xiong Y. CTAB assisted evaporation-induced self-assembly to construct imidazolium-based hierarchical porous covalent organic polymers for ReO 4-/TcO 4- removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131611. [PMID: 37187123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation-induced self-assembly method (EISA) was a facile and reliable method to synthesize porous materials. Herein, we report a kind of hierarchical porous ionic liquid covalent organic polymers (HPnDNH2) under cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted by EISA for ReO4-/TcO4- removal. Unlike covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which usually needed to be prepared in a closed environment or with a long reaction time, HPnDNH2 in this study was prepared within 1 h in an open environment. It was worth noting that CTAB not only served as a soft template for forming pore, but also induced ordered structure, which was verified by SEM, TEM, and Gas sorption. Benefit from its hierarchical pore structure, HPnDNH2 exhibited higher adsorption capacity (690.0 mg g-1 for HP1DNH2 and 808.7 mg g-1 for HP1.5DNH2) and faster kinetics for ReO4-/TcO4- than 1DNH2 (without employing CTAB). Additionally, the material used to remove TcO4- from alkaline nuclear waste was seldom reported, because combining features of alkali resistance and high uptake selectivity was not easy to achieve. In this study, in the case of HP1DNH2, it displayed outstanding adsorption efficiency toward aqueous ReO4-/TcO4- in 1 mol L-1 NaOH solution (92%) and simulated Savannah River Site High-level waste (SRS HLW) melter recycle stream (98%), which could be a potentially excellent nuclear waste adsorbing material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Mengnan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Haibiao Yu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Junshuo Cui
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhenning Lou
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiaogeng Feng
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Weijun Shan
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Massonnet M, Claparede L, Martinez J, Martin PM, Hunault MOJY, Prieur D, Mesbah A, Dacheux N, Clavier N. Influence of Sintering Conditions on the Structure and Redox Speciation of Homogeneous (U,Ce)O 2+δ Ceramics: A Synchrotron Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7173-7185. [PMID: 37133506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although uranium-cerium dioxides are frequently used as a surrogate material for (U,Pu)O2-δ nuclear fuels, there is currently no reliable data regarding the oxygen stoichiometry and redox speciation of the cations in such samples. In order to fill this gap, this manuscript details a synchrotron study of highly homogeneous (U,Ce)O2±δ sintered samples prepared by a wet-chemistry route. HERFD-XANES spectroscopy led to determining accurately the O/M ratios (with M = U + Ce). Under a reducing atmosphere (pO2 ≈ 6 × 10-29 atm at 650 °C), the oxides were found to be close to O/M = 2.00, while the O/M ratio varied with the sintering conditions under argon (pO2 ≈ 3 × 10-6 atm at 650 °C). They globally appeared to be hyperstoichiometric (i.e., O/M > 2.00) with the departure from the dioxide stoichiometry decreasing with both the cerium content in the sample and the sintering temperature. Nevertheless, such a deviation from the ideal O/M = 2.00 ratio was found to generate only moderate structural disorder from EXAFS data at the U-L3 edge as all the samples retained the fluorite-type structure of the UO2 and CeO2 parent compounds. The determination of accurate lattice parameters owing to S-PXRD measurements led to complementing the data reported in the literature by various authors. These data were consistent with an empirical relation linking the unit cell parameter, the chemical composition, and the O/M stoichiometry, showing that the latter can be evaluated simply within a ± 0.02 uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Massonnet
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze 30207, France
| | - Laurent Claparede
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze 30207, France
| | - Julien Martinez
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Ceze 30207, France
| | - Philippe M Martin
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Ceze 30207, France
| | | | - Damien Prieur
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01314 Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Adel Mesbah
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze 30207, France
- CNRS, IRCELYON, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Dacheux
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze 30207, France
| | - Nicolas Clavier
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols/Cèze 30207, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Boldyrev KA, Kapyrin IV, Safonov AV, Karaseva YY, Blinov PD, Tyupina EA, Zakharova EV. Strontium transport modeling in high-concentrated nitrate solution in DEEP liquid radioactive waste repository. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 256:104172. [PMID: 36966600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on modeling 90Sr migration in strong nitrate solutions in aquifers used for radioactive waste disposal. This type of radioactive waste disposal is typical only for the Russian Federation and is a unique object of study. The calculations are based on the laboratory study of strontium sorption in nitrate solutions on sandy, loamy and clayey rocks under biotic (with natural microbial communities obtained from Seversky repository) and abiotic conditions. To obtain a strontium sorption model, first, an ion exchange model in PHREEQC software is fitted to the experimental data both manually and automatically (using MOUSE software). Since real nitrate-ion concentrations at radioactive waste injection sites can reach values of hundreds of grams per liter, strontium Kd values are predicted for high ionic strength (for which no experimental study of strontium sorption efficiency has been carried out) with PHREEQC-model. The strontium transport models accounting for sorption and the nitrate reduction processes have been developed using two numerical software packages: the GeRa 3D hydrogeological simulation code and the PHREEQC reactive transport code. Reactive transport modeling under different conditions shows a high sensitivity to dispersion. A significant effect of sorption of nitrate ion on Sr sorption is shown and a relatively small contribution of microbial processes to strontium transport is noted for liquid radioactive waste injection sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Boldyrev
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Kapyrin
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Safonov
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Y Yu Karaseva
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199071, 31, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russia
| | - P D Blinov
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Tyupina
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Zakharova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199071, 31, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Suryanarayana MV. Laser isotope separation of 223Ra. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7001. [PMID: 37117248 PMCID: PMC10147601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-step photoionization has been theoretically studied for the laser isotope separation of 223Ra through the following photoionization scheme. [Formula: see text] The effect of bandwidth, peak power density of the excitation and ionization lasers, Doppler broadening of the atomic ensemble, number density of the atoms, and charge exchange collisions on the laser isotope separation process has been studied. The optimum system parameters for the separation of 223Ra through this photoionization scheme have been derived. The effect of unknown parameters on the degree of enrichment has also been discussed. It has been theoretically shown that it is possible to produce 223Ra isotope with 98.5% radio-isotopic purity at a rate of 0.74 μg/h corresponding to the production rate of 435 patient doses per hour. This is the first ever study on the laser isotope separation of Radium isotopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Suryanarayana
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|