451
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Chen G, Zhou Z, Jin J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang W. CXCR4 is a prognostic marker that inhibits the invasion and migration of gastric cancer by regulating VEGF expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:587. [PMID: 34149898 PMCID: PMC8200941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Thus, current research is focused on identifying biomarkers that can predict the prognosis of patients with GC. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been reported to play important roles in different types of malignancies; however, their role in the prognosis of GC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of CXCR4 and VEGF in predicting the prognosis of patients with GC. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to analyze the expression levels of CXCR4 and VEGF in a GC tissue microarray containing GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The association between CXCR4 or VEGF expression levels and the clinicopathological characteristics or survival outcomes were assessed. Furthermore, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to determine the cell invasive and migratory abilities in vitro. The results demonstrated that CXCR4 promoted AGS cell invasion and migration by regulating VEGF expression. In addition, CXCR4 and VEGF expression levels were significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with a poorer overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both upregulated CXCR4 and VEGF expression were independent negative biomarkers of OS. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to discover that CXCR4 and VEGF exert synergistic roles as efficient prognostic indicators for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City Jiangsu, Jiangsu, Taizhou 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yixing 214200, P.R. China
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452
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Bai J, Chen H, Bai X. Relationship between microsatellite status and immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and its application to diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23810. [PMID: 33938589 PMCID: PMC8183910 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to advances in understanding the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC), microsatellite classification (dMMR/MSI-H and pMMR/MSS) has become a key biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients and therefore has important clinical value. Microsatellite status is associated with a variety of clinicopathological features and affects drug resistance and the prognosis of patients. CRC patients with different microsatellite statuses have different compositions and distributions of immune cells and cytokines within their tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Therefore, there is great interest in reversing or reshaping CRC TMEs to transform immune tolerant "cold" tumors into immune sensitive "hot" tumors. This requires a thorough understanding of differences in the immune microenvironments of MSI-H and MSS type tumors. This review focuses on the relationship between CRC microsatellite status and the immune microenvironment. It focuses on how this relationship has value for clinical application in diagnosis and treatment, as well as exploring the limitations of its current application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Bai
- The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
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453
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Huang Q, Liu J, Wu S, Zhang X, Xiao Z, Liu Z, Du W. Spi-B Promotes the Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages via Enhancing CCL4 Expression in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659131. [PMID: 34141615 PMCID: PMC8205110 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune escape plays a critical role in malignant tumor progression and leads to the failure of anticancer immunotherapy. Spi-B, a lymphocyte lineage-specific Ets transcription factor, participates in mesenchymal invasion and favors metastasis in human lung cancer. However, the mechanism through which Spi-B regulates the tumor immune environment has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that Spi-B enhanced the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment using subcutaneous mouse models and clinical samples of human lung cancer. Spi-B overexpression increased the expression of TAM polarization- and recruitment-related genes, including CCL4. Moreover, deleting CCL4 inhibited the ability of Spi-B promoting macrophage infiltration. These data suggest that Spi-B promotes the recruitment of TAMs to the tumor microenvironment via upregulating CCL4 expression, which contributes to the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Huang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junrong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuainan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengtuan Xiao
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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454
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Duchemann B, Remon J, Naigeon M, Cassard L, Jouniaux JM, Boselli L, Grivel J, Auclin E, Desnoyer A, Besse B, Chaput N. Current and future biomarkers for outcomes with immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2937-2954. [PMID: 34295689 PMCID: PMC8264336 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been validated as an effective new treatment strategy in several tumoral types including lung cancer. This remarkable shift in the therapeutic paradigm is in large part due to the duration of responses and long-term survival seen with ICI. However, despite this, the majority of cancer patients do not experience benefit from ICI. Even among patients who initially respond to ICI, disease progression may ultimately occur. Moreover, in some patients, these drugs may be associated with new patterns of progression such as pseudo-progression and hyper-progressive disease, and different toxicity profiles with immune-related adverse events. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers may help to select those patients most likely to obtain a true benefit from these drugs, and avoid exposure to potential toxicity in patients who will not obtain clinical benefit, while also reducing the economic impact. In this review, we summarize current and promising potential predictive biomarkers of ICI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as pitfalls encountered with their use and areas of focus to optimize their routine clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Duchemann
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Medical and Thoracic Oncology Department, Hopital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Jordi Remon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (HM-CIOCC), Hospital HM Delfos, HM Hospitales, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Mehdi Jouniaux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Boselli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Grivel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Edouard Auclin
- Medical and Thoracic Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Aude Desnoyer
- University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR CNRS 8200, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR CNRS 8200, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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455
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Liu Q, Cao G, Wan Y, Xu C, He Y, Li G. Hsa_circ_0001073 targets miR-626/LIFR axis to inhibit lung cancer progression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1052-1060. [PMID: 33475233 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with lung cancer progression. However, it is unclear whether and how circRNA hsa_circ_0001073 (circ_0001073) are involved in lung cancer progression. circ_0001073, microRNA (miR)-626, and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) abundances were determined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by cell counting kit-8, transwell analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. The target correlation was tested by dual-luciferase reporter analysis or RNA immunoprecipitation. Results showed that circ_0001073 abundance was down-regulated in lung cancer cells. circ_0001073 constrained cell viability and invasion and facilitated apoptosis in lung cancer cells. miR-626 was targeted via circ_0001073, and circ_0001073 inhibited lung cancer progression via reducing miR-626 expression. LIFR was targeted via miR-626, and miR-626 knockdown constrained cell viability and invasion and facilitated apoptosis in lung cancer cells via up-regulating LIFR. circ_0001073 increased LIFR expression via miR-626 in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, circ_0001073 represses lung cancer progression via miR-626/LIFR axis, indicating the potential value of circ_0001073 in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Medical Ward 20, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hongze District People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yufeng Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chuanqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yuanqiang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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456
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Gu R, Mao T, Lu Q, Tianjiao Su T, Wang J. Myeloid dysregulation and therapeutic intervention in COVID-19. Semin Immunol 2021; 55:101524. [PMID: 34823995 PMCID: PMC8576142 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of myeloid cell responses is increasingly demonstrated to be a major mechanism of pathogenesis for COVID-19. The pathological cellular and cytokine signatures associated with this disease point to a critical role of a hyperactivated innate immune response in driving pathology. Unique immunopathological features of COVID-19 include myeloid-cell dominant inflammation and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) alongside lymphopenia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), all of which correlate with severe disease. Studies suggest a range of causes mediating myeloid hyperactivation, such as aberrant innate sensing, asynchronized immune cellular responses, as well as direct viral protein/host interactions. These include the recent identification of new myeloid cell receptors that bind SARS-CoV-2, which drive myeloid cell hyperinflammatory responses independently of lung epithelial cell infection via the canonical receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The spectrum and nature of myeloid cell dysregulation in COVID-19 also differs from, at least to some extent, what is observed in other infectious diseases involving myeloid cell activation. While much of the therapeutic effort has focused on preventative measures with vaccines or neutralizing antibodies that block viral infection, recent clinical trials have also targeted myeloid cells and the associated cytokines as a means to resolve CRS and severe disease, with promising but thus far modest effects. In this review, we critically examine potential mechanisms driving myeloid cell dysregulation, leading to immunopathology and severe disease, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cells as a new paradigm for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Gu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tina Tianjiao Su
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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457
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Cheng W, Zhou L, Hu K, Kong D, Huang W, Xu C, Li H, Li J. Enzyme-Initiated Assembly of an Extracellular-Like Two-Dimensional Nanonetwork as a Method to Detect Procancerous Activity. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1815-1822. [PMID: 33909412 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) provide a new possibility to contain the invasive progress of cancer. Unlike conventional enzymes, the activity of ECM enzymes is not simply the conversion of the substrate to the product; the amount of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases in the ECM changes the structural integrity and morphology of the ECM. These are all important aspects that must be monitored in a spatiotemporally coupled fashion to fully understand their procancerous effect. To achieve this goal, a new molecular probe is developed, which, unlike antibodies or aptamers, can interact with the target enzyme in a more interactive way: the probe can withdraw the metal ion cofactor of the enzyme and modulate its catalytic ability. This can lead to self-propagated cross-linking of the probes to form a network not dissimilar to the collagen and elastin network of the ECM, formed through LOX activity. Thus, the biosensing process itself is a biomimetic of what may occur in vivo in the ECM, and three distinct types of signal readouts can be simultaneously recorded on the sensing surface to provide a fuller picture of ECM enzyme activity, not achievable with traditional designs. Using this method, a parallel between the detected signal and the progress of colorectal cancer can be observed. These results may point to prospective application of this method in evaluating ECM-related tumor invasiveness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, No. 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Dehua Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Chuanjun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
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458
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Wu L, Gao C, Ye J, Tao J, Wang N, Pang P, Xiang P, Xu M. The value of various peritumoral radiomic features in differentiating the invasiveness of adenocarcinoma manifesting as ground-glass nodules. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:9030-9037. [PMID: 34037830 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of CT radiomic features extracted from peritumoral parenchyma of 2 mm and 5 mm distinguishing invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). METHODS For this retrospective study, 121 lung adenocarcinomas appearing as ground-glass nodules on thin-section CT were evaluated. Quantitative radiomic features were extracted from the peritumoral parenchymal region of 2 mm and 5 mm on CT imaging, and the radiomic models of External2 and External5 were constructed. The ROC curves were used to evaluate the performance of different models. Differences between the AUCs were evaluated using DeLong's method. RESULTS The radiomic scores of IAC were statistically higher than those of MIA/AIS in both the External2 and External5 models. The AUCs of the External2 and External5 models were 0.882, 0.778 in the training cohort and 0.888, 0.804 in the validation cohort, respectively. The AUC of the External2 model was not statistically different from the External5 model both in the training cohort (p = 0.116) and validation cohort (p = 0.423). CONCLUSIONS The radiomic features extracted from the peritumoral region of 2 mm and 5 mm at thin-section CT showed good predictive values to differentiate the IAC from AIS/MIA. The radiomic features from the peritumoral region of 5 mm provide no additional benefit in distinguishing IAC from MIA/AIS than that of the 2 mm region. KEY POINTS • The radiomic models from various peritumoral lung parenchyma were developed and validated to predict invasiveness of adenocarcinoma. • The peritumoral parenchyma of lung adenocarcinoma may contain useful information. • Radiomics from peritumoral lung parenchyma of 5 mm provides no added efficiency of the prediction for invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingying Tao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Pang
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Diagnosis, GE Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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459
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Hibino S, Kawazoe T, Kasahara H, Itoh S, Ishimoto T, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Taniguchi K. Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115421. [PMID: 34063828 PMCID: PMC8196678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and metastasis through various mechanisms and is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer and an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular mechanisms of how inflammation promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis and suppresses anti-tumor immunity in various types of solid tumors, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer as well as hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hibino
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan;
| | - Tetsuro Kawazoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Hidenori Kasahara
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
| | | | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5050
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460
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Luo R, Zhang Z, Han L, Xue Z, Zhang K, Liu F, Feng F, Xue J, Liu W, Qu W. An albumin-binding dimeric prodrug nanoparticle with long blood circulation and light-triggered drug release for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy against hypoxia-induced metastasis of lung cancer. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3718-3736. [PMID: 34008617 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in cancer therapy, but its therapeutic effect is reduced by the aggravating hypoxic microenvironment via upregulating hypoxia-associated proteins and promoting tumor metastasis. To mitigate these issues, we designed an albumin-binding and light-triggered core-shell dimeric prodrug nanoparticle to inhibit hypoxia-induced tumor metastasis and enhance the PDT efficacy. The prodrug nanoparticles, Ce6&DHA-S-DHA@CMN NPs (CDC NPs), were prepared using a single thioether-linked dihydroartemisinin (DHA) dimer co-encapsulated with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and stabilized by albumin-capturing maleimide- and hypoxia-sensitive 2-nitroimidazole-modified carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS-MAL&NI, CMN for short). Upon laser irradiation, Ce6 could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only exerted the effect of the PDT but also broke the ROS-sensitive single thioether bridge in the dimeric prodrug DHA-S-DHA, thus accelerating the disassembly of the nanoparticles. DHA-S-DHA served as both an ROS-responsive carrier for Ce6 and a chemotherapeutic drug, synergizing with PDT and inhibiting tumor metastasis by downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification has been widely used to stabilize hydrophobic prodrug nanoparticles and prolong the circulation time, but the PEGylated nanoparticles always suffer from accelerated blood clearance (ABC), a phenomenon which restricts their application severely. In this study, PEG was replaced by an amphipathic micelle, CMN, which could specifically capture albumin in the blood, conferring the nanoparticles long circulation and no ABC phenomenon. Under the aggravating hypoxic condition during PDT, the conversion of 2-nitroimidazole groups to 2-aminoimidazole groups in CMN could destabilize the structure of the shell and accelerate drug release. Results showed that the novel CDC NPs exhibited unique advantages in chemo-photodynamic combination therapy, such as long systemic circulation, high tumor accumulation, light-triggered drug release, HIF-1α/VEGF downregulation, and anti-metastasis efficacy, which provided a new route to overcome the ABC phenomenon of the PEGylated prodrug nanoparticles and reverse the hypoxia-induced metastasis simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Lingfei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhen Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Fulei Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China. and Pharmaceutical Department, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China. and Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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461
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Kang H, Ma D, Zhang J, Zhao J, Yang M. Long non-coding RNA GATA6-AS1 upregulates GATA6 to regulate the biological behaviors of lung adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33992085 PMCID: PMC8126172 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is known to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. In recent decades, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated to exert pivotal regulating functions in multiple biological behaviors in the initiation and development of LUAD. However, the functional mechanism of lncRNA GATA binding protein 6 antisense RNA 1 (GATA6-AS1) in LUAD has not been explored. Methods In the current study, GATA6-AS1 expression in LUAD tissues was revealed. Meanwhile, GATA6-AS1 expression in LUAD cells was investigated via RT-qPCR analysis. After A549 and H1975 cells were transfected with GATA6-AS1 overexpression plasmids, EdU and colony formation assays, TUNEL assays and flow cytometry analyses, as well as wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Afterwards, bioinformatic tools, western blot analyses, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to investigate the correlation of microRNA-4530 (miR-4530), GATA6-AS1 and GATA6. Results We found that GATA6-AS1 expression was low-expressed in LUAD tissues and cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of GATA6-AS1 suppressed the proliferative, migration and invasion abilities, as well as promoted apoptotic rate of A549 and H1975 cells. Moreover, the mechanistic investigations revealed that GATA6-AS1 upregulated the expression of its cognate sense gene GATA6 by binding with miR-4530, thereby modulating the malignant progression of LUAD cells. Conclusions GATA6-AS1 repressed LUAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis via regulation of the miR-4530/GATA6 axis, indicating GATA6-AS1 as a new prognostic biomarker for LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01521-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Kang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
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462
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Zhang D, Zhou Z, Yang R, Zhang S, Zhang B, Tan Y, Chen L, Li T, Tu J. Tristetraprolin, a Potential Safeguard Against Carcinoma: Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632189. [PMID: 34026612 PMCID: PMC8138596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), a well-known RNA-binding protein, primarily affects the expression of inflammation-related proteins by binding to the targeted AU-rich element in the 3' untranslated region after transcription and subsequently mediates messenger RNA decay. Recent studies have focused on the role of TTP in tumors and their related microenvironments, most of which have referred to TTP as a potential tumor suppressor involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of various cancers, as well as tumor immunity, inflammation, and metabolism of the microenvironment. Elevated TTP expression levels could aid the diagnosis and treatment of different cancers, improving the prognosis of patients. The aim of this review is to describe the role of TTP as a potential safeguard against carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Sujun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Animals, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanxuan Tan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingyao Chen
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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463
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Exploiting a New Approach to Destroy the Barrier of Tumor Microenvironment: Nano-Architecture Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092703. [PMID: 34062992 PMCID: PMC8125456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence, proliferation, and metastasis of tumors. Different from normal tissue, the condition around tumor significantly altered, including immune infiltration, compact extracellular matrix, new vasculatures, abundant enzyme, acidic pH value, and hypoxia. Increasingly, researchers focused on targeting TME to prevent tumor development and metastasis. With the development of nanotechnology and the deep research on the tumor environment, stimulation-responsive intelligent nanostructures designed based on TME have attracted much attention in the anti-tumor drug delivery system. TME-targeted nano therapeutics can regulate the distribution of drugs in the body, specifically increase the concentration of drugs in the tumor site, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce adverse reactions, can utilize particular conditions of TME to improve the effect of tumor therapy. This paper summarizes the major components and characteristics of TME, discusses the principles and strategies of relevant nano-architectures targeting TME for the treatment and diagnosis systematically.
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464
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Wan Y, Wang X, Liu T, Fan T, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhang B, Tian Z, Mao T, Gong Z, Zhang L. Prognostic value of CCR2 as an immune indicator in lung adenocarcinoma: A study based on tumor-infiltrating immune cell analysis. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4150-4163. [PMID: 33949150 PMCID: PMC8209599 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic indicators in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been seeking under database analysis, and remarkable advance is on the way. Methods This study calculated the scores of stromal and immune components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in 551 LUAD samples using the ESTIMATE algorithm on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. R package ''limma'' was used to selected differentially expressed genes (DEG). We have analyzed the DEGs by means of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichments. The protein‐protein network, univariate Cox analysis, and Lasso regression analysis were performed to selected survival‐related genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) represented the enriched pathway of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). The ratios of immune cells in the TME of each LUAD sample were obtained using the R package "limma" and CIBERSORT algorithm in R 4.0.2. Results The ImmuneScore was positively correlated with prognosis regarding survival rate, T classification of TNM stages, and clinicopathological staging characteristics. GO and KEGG enrichments showed DEGs were associated with immune‐related activities. Three genes of LUAD were selected from the PPI network and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. CCR2 was the most survival correlated gene by Lasso regression analysis. GSEA results showed that C2 kegg gene sets in the CCR2 high‐expression group were mainly enriched in the B cell or T cell receptor signaling pathway and natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Correlation of CCR2 expression with prognosis was conducted, implicating a positive correlation with the prognosis of survival rate and M classification, negative correlation with the prognosis of T and N classifications. The correlation between CCR2 and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TICs) was analyzed, and 14 kinds of TICs were found closely correlated with CCR2 expression through difference analysis. Conclusion Therefore, CCR2 has prognostic value as an immune indicator in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tianyu Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zugui Zhang
- Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Sino-Cellbiomed Institutes of Medical Cell & Pharmaceutical Proteins, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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465
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Shi H, Niimi A, Takeuchi T, Shiogama K, Mizutani Y, Kajino T, Inada K, Hase T, Hatta T, Shibata H, Fukui T, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Nagano K, Murate T, Kawamoto Y, Tomida S, Takahashi T, Suzuki M. CEBPγ facilitates lamellipodia formation and cancer cell migration through CERS6 upregulation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2770-2780. [PMID: 33934437 PMCID: PMC8253294 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide synthase 6 (CERS6) promotes lung cancer metastasis by stimulating cancer cell migration. To examine the underlying mechanisms, we performed luciferase analysis of the CERS6 promoter region and identified the Y-box as a cis-acting element. As a parallel analysis of database records for 149 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cancer patients, we screened for trans-acting factors with an expression level showing a correlation with CERS6 expression. Among the candidates noted, silencing of either CCAAT enhancer-binding protein γ (CEBPγ) or Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) reduced the CERS6 expression level. Following knockdown, CEBPγ and YBX1 were found to be independently associated with reductions in ceramide-dependent lamellipodia formation as well as migration activity, while only CEBPγ may have induced CERS6 expression through specific binding to the Y-box. The mRNA expression levels of CERS6, CEBPγ, and YBX1 were positively correlated with adenocarcinoma invasiveness. YBX1 expression was observed in all 20 examined clinical lung cancer specimens, while 6 of those showed a staining pattern similar to that of CERS6. The present findings suggest promotion of lung cancer migration by possible involvement of the transcription factors CEBPγ and YBX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Shi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niimi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Morphology and Cell Function, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Mizutani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kajino
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inada
- Diagnostic Pathology, Bantane Hospital, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hatta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Nagano
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Murate
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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466
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Haga Y, Marrocco I, Noronha A, Uribe ML, Nataraj NB, Sekar A, Drago-Garcia D, Borgoni S, Lindzen M, Giri S, Wiemann S, Tsutsumi Y, Yarden Y. Host-Dependent Phenotypic Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3862-3875. [PMID: 33941614 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancers driven by mutant forms of EGFR invariably develop resistance to kinase inhibitors, often due to secondary mutations. Here we describe an unconventional mechanism of resistance to dacomitinib, a newly approved covalent EGFR kinase inhibitor, and uncover a previously unknown step of resistance acquisition. Dacomitinib-resistant (DR) derivatives of lung cancer cells were established by means of gradually increasing dacomitinib concentrations. These DR cells acquired no secondary mutations in the kinase or other domains of EGFR. Along with resistance to other EGFR inhibitors, DR cells acquired features characteristic to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, including an expanded population of aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells and upregulation of AXL, a receptor previously implicated in drug resistance. Unexpectedly, when implanted in animals, DR cells reverted to a dacomitinib-sensitive state. Nevertheless, cell lines derived from regressing tumors displayed renewed resistance when cultured in vitro. Three-dimensional and cocultures along with additional analyses indicated lack of involvement of hypoxia, fibroblasts, and immune cells in phenotype reversal, implying that other host-dependent mechanisms might nullify nonmutational modes of resistance. Thus, similar to the phenotypic resistance of bacteria treated with antibiotics, the reversible resisters described here likely evolve from drug-tolerant persisters and give rise to the irreversible, secondary mutation-driven nonreversible resister state. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reports that stepwise acquisition of kinase inhibitor resistance in lung cancers driven by mutant EGFR comprises a nonmutational, reversible resister state. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/14/3862/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Haga
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mary Luz Uribe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Arunachalam Sekar
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diana Drago-Garcia
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Simone Borgoni
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Suvendu Giri
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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467
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Mehdi SJ, Moerman-Herzog A, Wong HK. Normal and cancer fibroblasts differentially regulate TWIST1, TOX and cytokine gene expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:492. [PMID: 33941102 PMCID: PMC8091512 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that transforms from mature, skin-homing T cells and progresses during the early stages in the skin. The role of the skin microenvironment in MF development is unclear, but recent findings in a variety of cancers have highlighted the role of stromal fibroblasts in promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. Stromal fibroblasts are an important part of the cutaneous tumor microenvironment (TME) in MF. Here we describe studies into the interaction of TME-fibroblasts and malignant T cells to gain insight into their role in CTCL. METHODS Skin from normal (n = 3) and MF patients (n = 3) were analyzed for FAPα by immunohistochemistry. MyLa is a CTCL cell line that retains expression of biomarkers TWIST1 and TOX that are frequently detected in CTCL patients. MyLa cells were cultured in the presence or absence of normal or MF skin derived fibroblasts for 5 days, trypsinized to detached MyL a cells, and gene expression analyzed by RT-PCR for MF biomarkers (TWIST1 and TOX), Th1 markers (IFNG, TBX21), Th2 markers (GATA3, IL16), and proliferation marker (MKI67). Purified fibroblasts were assayed for VIM and ACTA2 gene expression. Cellular senescence assay was performed to assess senescence. RESULTS MF skin fibroblast showed increased expression of FAP-α with increasing stage compared to normal. Normal fibroblasts co-cultured with MyLa cells suppressed expression of TWIST1 (p < 0.0006), and TOX (p < 0.03), GATA3 (p < 0.02) and IL16 (p < 0.03), and increased expression of IFNG (p < 0.03) and TBX21 (p < 0.03) in MyLa cells. In contrast, MyLa cells cultured with MF fibroblasts retained high expression of TWIST1, TOX and GATA3. MF fibroblasts co-culture with MyLa cells increased expression of IL16 (p < 0.01) and IL4 (p < 0.02), and suppressed IFNG and TBX21 in MyLa cells. Furthermore, expression of MKI67 in MyLa cells was suppressed by normal fibroblasts compared to MF fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Skin fibroblasts represent important components of the TME in MF. In co-culture model, normal and MF fibroblasts have differential influence on T-cell phenotype in modulating expression of Th1 cytokine and CTCL biomarker genes to reveal distinct roles with implications in MF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jafar Mehdi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, #576, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Andrea Moerman-Herzog
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, #576, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Henry K Wong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, #576, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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468
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Abstract
Tumors are equipped with a highly complex machinery of interrelated events so as to adapt to hazardous conditions, preserve a growing cell mass and thrive at the site of metastasis. Tumor cells display metastatic propensity toward specific organs where the stromal milieu is appropriate for their further colonization. Effective colonization relies on the plasticity of tumor cells in adapting to the conditions of the new area by reshaping their epigenetic landscape. Breast cancer cells, for instance, are able to adopt brain-like or epithelial/osteoid features in order to pursue effective metastasis into brain and bone, respectively. The aim of this review is to discuss recent insights into organ tropism in tumor metastasis, outlining potential strategies to address this driver of tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, 66177‐13446, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, 66177‐13446, Iran
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469
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Zhao Z, Ukidve A, Krishnan V, Fehnel A, Pan DC, Gao Y, Kim J, Evans MA, Mandal A, Guo J, Muzykantov VR, Mitragotri S. Systemic tumour suppression via the preferential accumulation of erythrocyte-anchored chemokine-encapsulating nanoparticles in lung metastases. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:441-454. [PMID: 33199847 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Eliciting immune responses against primary tumours is hampered by their immunosuppressive microenvironment and by the greater inaccessibility of deeper intratumoural cells. However, metastatic tumour cells are exposed to highly perfused and immunoactive organs, such as the lungs. Here, by taking advantage of the preferential colocalization of intravenously administered erythrocytes with metastases in the lungs, we show that treatment with chemokine-encapsulating nanoparticles that are non-covalently anchored onto the surface of injected erythrocytes results in local and systemic tumour suppression in mouse models of lung metastasis. Such erythrocyte-anchored systemic immunotherapy led to the infiltration of effector immune cells into the lungs, in situ immunization without the need for exogenous antigens, inhibition of the progression of lung metastasis, and significantly extended animal survival and systemic immunity that suppressed the growth of distant tumours after rechallenge. Erythrocyte-mediated systemic immunotherapy may represent a general and potent strategy for cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vinu Krishnan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Fehnel
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel C Pan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhirup Mandal
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junling Guo
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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470
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Wang C, Luo D. The metabolic adaptation mechanism of metastatic organotropism. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 33926551 PMCID: PMC8082854 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex multistep cascade of cancer cell extravasation and invasion, in which metabolism plays an important role. Recently, a metabolic adaptation mechanism of cancer metastasis has been proposed as an emerging model of the interaction between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, revealing a deep and extensive relationship between cancer metabolism and cancer metastasis. However, research on how the host microenvironment affects cancer metabolism is mostly limited to the impact of the local tumour microenvironment at the primary site. There are few studies on how differences between the primary and secondary microenvironments promote metabolic changes during cancer progression or how secondary microenvironments affect cancer cell metastasis preference. Hence, we discuss how cancer cells adapt to and colonize in the metabolic microenvironments of different metastatic sites to establish a metastatic organotropism phenotype. The mechanism is expected to accelerate the research of cancer metabolism in the secondary microenvironment, and provides theoretical support for the generation of innovative therapeutic targets for clinical metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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471
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Co-expression Analysis of Genes and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Metastatic Uterine Carcinosarcoma. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2685-2698. [PMID: 33905082 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a malignant tumor with a high tendency to invasion and metastasis. However, the underlying invasion and metastasis mechanisms of UCS remain poorly understood. Genetic alteration and tumor-infiltrating immune cells play important roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of UCS, we screened tumor-infiltrating immune cells by applying CIBERSORT algorithm and constructed nomograms to predict the prognosis of UCS patients based on metastasis-specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells and genes, and demonstrated their utility by the high AUC values. Combining gene co-expression and experimental validation results, we propose a potential mechanism of AK8, MPZ, and mast cells activated might play important parts in UCS metastasis.
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472
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Chen Y, Meng Z, Zhang L, Liu F. CD2 Is a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker of Invasive Breast Carcinoma That Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664845. [PMID: 33968066 PMCID: PMC8102873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer (BCa) is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis, unlimited proliferation, and even immune escape, but we know little about the TME of BCa. In this study, we aimed to find a TME-related biomarker for BCa, especially for invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA), that could predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. Based on RNA-seq transcriptome data and the clinical characteristics of 1222 samples (113 normal and 1109 tumor samples) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the ImmuneScore and StromalScore and then identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high and low ImmuneScore groups and the high and low StromalScore groups. Thereafter, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and univariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival were used to identify potential key genes. Five candidate genes were identified, comprising CD2, CCL19, CD52, CD3E, and ITK. Thereafter, we focused on CD2, analyzing CD2 expression and its association with survival. CD2 expression was associated with tumor size (T stage) to some extent, but not with overall TNM stage, lymph node status (N stage), or distant metastasis (M stage). High CD2 expression was associated with longer survival. METABRIC data were used to validate the survival result (n = 276). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that were significantly associated with high CD2 expression were mainly immune-related pathways. Furthermore, CD2 expression was correlated with 16 types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs). Hence, CD2 might be a novel biomarker in terms of molecular typing, and it may serve as a complementary approach to TNM staging to improve clinical outcome prediction for BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhishang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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473
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Jia J, Sun J, Wang W, Yong H. Long Noncoding RNA MLK7-AS1 Promotes Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Migration and Invasion via the miR-375-3p/YWHAZ Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626036. [PMID: 33968726 PMCID: PMC8100187 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs act essential regulators in lung cancer tumorigenesis. Our research aimed to investigate the potential function and molecular mechanisms of MLK7-AS1 in NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer). QRT-PCR results indicated that the MLK7-AS1 expression level was upregulated in NSCLC cells and tissues. MLK7-AS1 strengthened cell migration and invasion in H1299 and A549 cells. Luciferase reporter assay found that MLK7-AS1 functioned as an endogenous sponge for miR-375-3p. Transwell assay results showed that miR-375-3p suppressed cell migration and invasion in H1299 and A549 cells. YWHAZ was confirmed as a target gene of miR-375-3p by Targetscan. YWHAZ overexpression promoted the invasion of H1299 and A549 cells. MLK7-AS1 upregulated YWHAZ expression and enhanced H1299 and A549 cell invasion by sponging miR-375-3p. MLK7-AS1 improved the metastasis ability of A549 in vivo. In conclusion, MLK7-AS1 was identified as a novel oncogenic RNA in NSCLC and can function as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huaian, China
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474
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αvβ3 Integrin induces partial EMT independent of TGF-β signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:490. [PMID: 33883697 PMCID: PMC8060333 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role for tumor progression. Recent studies have revealed the existence of distinct intermediate states in EMT (partial EMT); however, the mechanisms underlying partial EMT are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that αvβ3 integrin induces partial EMT, which is characterized by acquiring mesenchymal phenotypes while retaining epithelial markers. We found αvβ3 integrin to be associated with poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, αvβ3 integrin-induced partial EMT promoted migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, stemness, and metastasis of lung cancer cells in a TGF-β-independent fashion. Additionally, TGF-β1 promoted EMT progression synergistically with αvβ3 integrin, while a TGF-β signaling inhibitor showed no effect on αvβ3 integrin-induced partial EMT. Meanwhile, the microRNA-200 family abolished the αvβ3 integrin-induced partial EMT by suppressing αvβ3 integrin cell surface expression. These findings indicate that αvβ3 integrin is a key inducer of partial EMT, and highlight a new mechanism for cancer progression. Kariya, Oyama et al. propose that αvβ3 can drive a partial EMT phenotype characterized by maintained E-cadherin expression and upregulation of mesenchymal markers. This hybrid EMT state is independent of TGF-β1 signaling and characterised by increased migration, invasion, tumor cell proliferation, stemness and metastatic capacity.
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475
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Cui G, Geng L, Zhu L, Lin Z, Liu X, Miao Z, Jiang J, Feng X, Wei F. CFP is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in Gastric Cancer and Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3378-3390. [PMID: 33976747 PMCID: PMC8100816 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement factor properdin (CFP), encodes plasma glycoprotein, is a critical gene that regulates the complement pathway of the innate immune system. However, correlations of CFP in cancers remain unclear. In this study, the expression pattern and prognostic value of CFP in pan-cancer were analyzed via the Oncomine, PrognoScan, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotters. In addition, we used immunohistochemical staining to validate CFP expression in clinical tissue samples. Finally, we evaluated the correlations between CFP and cancer immune infiltrates particularly in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by using GEPIA and TIMER databases. The results of database analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of CFP in STAD and LUAD was lower than that in normal tissues. Low expression level of CFP was associated with poorer overall survival (OS), first progression (FP), post progression survival (PPS) and was detrimental to the prognosis of STAD and LUAD, specifically in stage 3, stage T3, stage N2 and N3 of STAD (P<0.05). Moreover, expression of CFP had significant positive correlations with the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in STAD and LUAD. Furthermore, gene markers of infiltrating immune cells exhibited different CFP-related immune infiltration patterns such as tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs). These results suggest that CFP can serve as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in STAD and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Geng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyue Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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476
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Chewing Behavior Attenuates the Tumor Progression-Enhancing Effects of Psychological Stress in a Breast Cancer Model Mouse. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040479. [PMID: 33918787 PMCID: PMC8069186 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether chewing behavior affects the tumor progression-enhancing impact of psychological stress. Human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) cells were inoculated into the mammary fat pads of athymic nude mice. The mice were assigned randomly to control, stress, and stress+chewing groups. Psychological stress was created by keeping mice in a transparent restraint cylinder for 45 min, three times a day, for 35 days after cell inoculation. Animals in the stress+chewing group were provided with a wooden stick for chewing on during the psychological stress period. Chewing behavior remarkably inhibited the tumor growth accelerated by the psychological stress. Immunohistochemical and Western blot findings revealed that chewing behavior during psychological stress markedly suppressed tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In addition, chewing behavior decreased serum glucocorticoid levels and expressions of glucocorticoid and β2-adrenergic receptors in tumors. Chewing behavior decreased expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 4-hydroxynonenal, and increased expression of superoxide dismutase 2 in tumors. Our findings suggest that chewing behavior could ameliorate the enhancing effects of psychological stress on the progression of breast cancer, at least partially, through modulating stress hormones and their receptors, and the subsequent signaling pathways involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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477
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Majidpoor J, Mortezaee K. Angiogenesis as a hallmark of solid tumors - clinical perspectives. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:715-737. [PMID: 33835425 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a key and early step in tumorigenesis, and is known as a hallmark of solid tumors and a key promoter of tumor recurrence. Unlike normal tissue vessels, the architecture of the tumor vasculature is abnormal, being leaky, tortuous, fragile and blind-ended. Perivascular cells are either detached or absent, causing reduction of vascular integrity, an increase in vessel immaturity, incoherent perfusion, defective functionality and enhanced tumor dissemination and metastasis. The abnormal tumor vasculature along with the defective tumor vessel functionality finally causes bouts of hypoxia and acidity in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further reinvigorating tumor aggression. Interstitial hypertension or high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is an outcome of tumor hyper-permeability. High IFP can be a barrier for either effective delivery of anti-cancer drugs toward the TME or accumulation of drugs within the tumor area, thus promoting tumor resistance to therapy. Some tumors do, however, not undergo angiogenesis but instead undergo vessel co-option or vascular mimicry, thereby adding another layer of complexity to cancer development and therapy. CONCLUSIONS Combination of anti-angiogenesis therapy with chemotherapy and particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising strategy for a number of advanced cancers. Among the various approaches for targeting tumor angiogenesis, vascular normalization is considered as the most desired method, which allows effective penetration of chemotherapeutics into the tumor area, thus being an appropriate adjuvant to other cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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478
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Tissues and Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in 3D: Models to Shed Light on Immunosuppression in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040831. [PMID: 33917037 PMCID: PMC8067689 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression in cancer has emerged as a major hurdle to immunotherapy efforts. Immunosuppression can arise from oncogene-induced signaling within the tumor as well as from tumor-associated immune cells. Understanding various mechanisms by which the tumor can undermine and evade therapy is critical in improving current cancer immunotherapies. While mouse models have allowed for the characterization of key immune cell types and their role in tumor development, extrapolating these mechanisms to patients has been challenging. There is need for better models to unravel the effects of genetic alterations inherent in tumor cells and immune cells isolated from tumors on tumor growth and to investigate the feasibility of immunotherapy. Three-dimensional (3D) organoid model systems have developed rapidly over the past few years and allow for incorporation of components of the tumor microenvironment such as immune cells and the stroma. This bears great promise for derivation of patient-specific models in a dish for understanding and determining the impact on personalized immunotherapy. In this review, we will highlight the significance of current experimental models employed in the study of tumor immunosuppression and evaluate current tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems and their potential impact in shedding light on cancer immunosuppression.
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479
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Integrative RNA-Seq and H3 Trimethylation ChIP-Seq Analysis of Human Lung Cancer Cells Isolated by Laser-Microdissection. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071719. [PMID: 33916417 PMCID: PMC8038546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tissue heterogeneity is one of the major problems in cancer genomics. Thus, we developed and conducted an RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq integrative analysis of clinical lung tissue samples with the isolation of specific cell populations using laser-microdissection microscopy (LMD). The transcriptomic profile was successfully captured and somatically altered regions marked by histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) were identified in lung cancer. We also observed the differential expressions of cancer-related genes near the altered proximal H3K4me3 regions, while altered distal H3K4me3 regions were overlapped with enhancer activity annotations of cancer regulatory genes. Additionally, proximal tumor-gained promoters were associated with the core components of polycomb repressive complex 2. Our study demonstrates the practical workflow of using LMD on clinical samples for integrative analyses, which improves the overall understanding of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of malignancy. Abstract Our previous integrative study in gastric cancer discovered cryptic promoter activation events that drive the expression of important developmental genes. However, it was unclear if such cancer-associated epigenetic changes occurred in cancer cells or other cell types in bulk tissue samples. An integrative analysis consisting of RNA-Seq and H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq was used. This workflow was applied to a set of matched normal lung tissues and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, for which the stroma and tumor cell parts could be isolated by laser-microdissection microscopy (LMD). RNA-Seq analysis showed subtype-specific differential expressed genes and enriched pathways in NSCLC. ChIP-Seq analysis results suggested that the proximal altered H3K4me3 regions were located at differentially expressed genes involved in cancer-related pathways, while altered distal H3K4me3 regions were annotated with enhancer activity of cancer regulatory genes. Interestingly, integration with ENCODE data revealed that proximal tumor-gained promoters were associated with EZH2 and SUZ12 occupancies, which are the core components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). This study used LMD on clinical samples for an integrative analysis to overcome the tissue heterogeneity problem in cancer research. The results also contribute to the overall understanding of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of lung malignancy.
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480
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Sangaletti S, Ferrara R, Tripodo C, Garassino MC, Colombo MP. Myeloid cell heterogeneity in lung cancer: implication for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2429-2438. [PMID: 33797567 PMCID: PMC8017108 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung is a specialized tissue where metastases from primary lung tumors takeoff and those originating from extra-pulmonary sites land. One commonality characterizing these processes is the supportive role exerted by myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, whose recruitment is facilitated in this tissue microenvironment. Indeed, neutrophils have important part in the pathophysiology of this organ and the key mechanisms regulating neutrophil expansion and recruitment during infection can be co-opted by tumor cells to promote growth and metastasis. Although neutrophils dominate the myeloid landscape of lung cancer other populations including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils contribute to the complexity of lung cancer TME. In this review, we discuss the origin and significance of myeloid cells heterogeneity in lung cancer, which translates not only in a different frequency of immune populations but it encompasses state of activation, morphology, localization and mutual interactions. The relevance of such heterogeneity is considered in the context of tumor growth and response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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481
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Yao L, Luo J, Liu L, Wu Q, Zhou R, Li L, Zhang C. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia and prognosis in lung cancer patients after surgery: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25295. [PMID: 33787617 PMCID: PMC8021381 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is one of the most frequent complications following lung surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for developing POP and the prognostic factors in lung cancer patients after lung resection.We performed a retrospective review of 726 patients who underwent surgery for stages I-III lung cancer at a single institution between August 2017 and July 2018 by conducting logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for POP. The Cox risk model was used to analyze the factors influencing the survival of patients with lung cancer.We identified 112 patients with POP. Important risk factors for POP included smoking (odds ratio [OR], 2.672; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.586-4.503; P < .001), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (40-59 vs ≥80%, 4.328; 95% CI, 1.976-9.481; P < .001, <40 vs ≥80%, 4.725; 95% CI, 1.352-16.514; P = .015), and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (OR, 2.304; 95% CI, 1.382-3.842; P = .001). In the Cox risk model, we observed that age (hazard ratios (HR), 1.633; 95% CI, 1.062-2.513; P = .026), smoking (HR, 1.670; 95% CI, 1.027-2.716; P = .039), POP (HR, 1.637; 95% CI, 1.030-2.600; P = .037), etc were predictor variables for patient survival among the factors examined in this study.The risk factors for POP and the predictive factors affecting overall survival (OS) should be taken into account for effective management of patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery.
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482
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Deng P, Zhou R, Zhang J, Cao L. Increased Expression of KNSTRN in Lung Adenocarcinoma Predicts Poor Prognosis: A Bioinformatics Analysis Based on TCGA Data. J Cancer 2021; 12:3239-3248. [PMID: 33976733 PMCID: PMC8100810 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Available evidence indicates that kinetochore-localized astrin/SPAG5-binding protein (KNSTRN) is an oncogene in skin carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of KNSTRN in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) underlying the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: The relationship between clinicopathological features and KNSTRN was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression. The clinicopathological characteristics associated with overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) were performed using TCGA data. Results: The KNSTRN expression level was found to be significantly higher in LUAD tissue than in normal lung tissue. Also, it correlated significantly with advanced clinicopathological characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve revealed a significant relationship of high expression of KNSTRN with poor OS in patients with LUAD. The multivariate Cox regression hazard model demonstrated the KNSTRN expression level as an independent prognostic factor for patients with LUAD. GO and GSEA analyses indicated the involvement of KNSTRN in cell cycle checkpoints, DNA replication, and G2-M checkpoint M phase. Based on ssGSEA analysis, KNSTRN had a positive relationship with Th2 cells and CD56dim natural killer cells. The KNSTRN expression levels in several types of immune cells were significantly different. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the increased expression level of KNSTRN was significantly associated with the progression of LUAD and could also serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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483
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Lee G, Park H, Lee HY, Ahn JH, Sohn I, Lee SH, Kim J. Tumor Margin Contains Prognostic Information: Radiomic Margin Characteristics Analysis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071676. [PMID: 33918164 PMCID: PMC8037340 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic area, with continuous interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding environment. We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor radiomic margin characteristics and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. When compared to the model with clinical variables only (C-index = 0.738), the model incorporating clinical variables and radiomic margin characteristics (C-index = 0.753) demonstrated a higher C-index for predicting overall survival. In the model integrating both clinical variables and radiomic margin characteristics, convexity, Laplace of Gaussian (LoG) kurtosis 3, and roundness factor were independent predictive factors of overall survival. Our study showed that radiomic margin characteristics helped predict overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinomas, thus implying that the tumor margin contains prognostic information. Abstract We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor radiomic margin characteristics and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. We enrolled 334 patients who underwent complete resection for lung adenocarcinoma. A quantitative computed tomography analysis was performed, and 76 radiomic margin characteristics were extracted. The radiomic margin characteristics were correlated with overall survival. The selected clinical variables and radiomic margin characteristics were used to calculate a prognostic model with subsequent internal and external validation. Nearly all of the radiomic margin characteristics showed excellent reproducibility. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to select eight radiomic margin characteristics. When compared to the model with clinical variables only (C-index = 0.738), the model incorporating clinical variables and radiomic margin characteristics (C-index = 0.753) demonstrated a higher C-index for predicting overall survival. In the model integrating both clinical variables and radiomic margin characteristics, convexity, a Laplace of Gaussian (LoG) kurtosis of 3, and the roundness factor were each independently predictive of overall survival. In addition, radiomic margin characteristics were also correlated with the micropapillary subtype, and the sphericity value was able to predict the presence of the micropapillary subtype. In conclusion, our study showed that radiomic margin characteristics helped predict overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinomas, thus implying that the tumor margin contains prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geewon Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Joong Hyun Ahn
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.H.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.H.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Seung-Hak Lee
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Core Research and Development Center, Korean University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
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484
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Drew J, Machesky LM. The liver metastatic niche: modelling the extracellular matrix in metastasis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048801. [PMID: 33973625 PMCID: PMC8077555 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of malignant cells from primary tumours to metastatic sites is a key step in cancer progression. Disseminated tumour cells preferentially settle in specific target organs, and the success of such metastases depends on dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironments they encounter at secondary sites. Two emerging concepts concerning the biology of metastasis are that organ-specific microenvironments influence the fate of disseminated cancer cells, and that cancer cell-extracellular matrix interactions have important roles at all stages of the metastatic cascade. The extracellular matrix is the complex and dynamic non-cellular component of tissues that provides a physical scaffold and conveys essential adhesive and paracrine signals for a tissue's function. Here, we focus on how extracellular matrix dynamics contribute to liver metastases - a common and deadly event. We discuss how matrix components of the healthy and premetastatic liver support early seeding of disseminated cancer cells, and how the matrix derived from both cancer and liver contributes to the changes in niche composition as metastasis progresses. We also highlight the technical developments that are providing new insights into the stochastic, dynamic and multifaceted roles of the liver extracellular matrix in permitting and sustaining metastasis. An understanding of the contribution of the extracellular matrix to different stages of metastasis may well pave the way to targeted and effective therapies against metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Drew
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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485
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a fundamental, core component of all tissues and organs, and is essential for the existence of multicellular organisms. From the earliest stages of organism development until death, it regulates and fine-tunes every cellular process in the body. In cancer, the extracellular matrix is altered at the biochemical, biomechanical, architectural and topographical levels, and recent years have seen an exponential increase in the study and recognition of the importance of the matrix in solid tumours. Coupled with the advancement of new technologies to study various elements of the matrix and cell-matrix interactions, we are also beginning to see the deployment of matrix-centric, stromal targeting cancer therapies. This Review touches on many of the facets of matrix biology in solid cancers, including breast, pancreatic and lung cancer, with the aim of highlighting some of the emerging interactions of the matrix and influences that the matrix has on tumour onset, progression and metastatic dissemination, before summarizing the ongoing work in the field aimed at developing therapies to co-target the matrix in cancer and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Cox
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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486
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Massagué J, Ganesh K. Metastasis-Initiating Cells and Ecosystems. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:971-994. [PMID: 33811127 PMCID: PMC8030695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is initiated and sustained through therapy by cancer cells with stem-like and immune-evasive properties, termed metastasis-initiating cells (MIC). Recent progress suggests that MICs result from the adoption of a normal regenerative progenitor phenotype by malignant cells, a phenotype with intrinsic programs to survive the stresses of the metastatic process, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, enter slow-cycling states for dormancy, evade immune surveillance, establish supportive interactions with organ-specific niches, and co-opt systemic factors for growth and recurrence after therapy. Mechanistic understanding of the molecular mediators of MIC phenotypes and host tissue ecosystems could yield cancer therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the origins, traits, and vulnerabilities of progenitor cancer cells with the capacity to initiate metastasis in distant organs, and the host microenvironments that support the ability of these cells to evade immune surveillance and regenerate the tumor, is critical for developing strategies to improve the prevention and treatment of advanced cancer. Leveraging recent progress in our understanding of the metastatic process, here we review the nature of MICs and their ecosystems and offer a perspective on how this knowledge is informing innovative treatments of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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487
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Wang J, Song W, Yang R, Li C, Wu T, Dong XB, Zhou B, Guo X, Chen J, Liu Z, Yu QC, Li W, Fu J, Zeng YA. Endothelial Wnts control mammary epithelial patterning via fibroblast signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108897. [PMID: 33789106 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and fibroblast niches are crucial for epithelial organs. How these heterotypic cells interact is of great interest. In this study, we reveal an axis of signaling in which fibroblasts relay Wnt signals from the endothelial niche to organize epithelial patterning. We generate an Axin2-membrane GFP (mGFP) reporter mouse and observe robust Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in fibroblasts surrounding the mammary epithelium. To enable cell-type-specific gene manipulation in vitro, we establish an organoid system via coculture of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, and mammary epithelial cells. Deletion of β-catenin in fibroblasts impedes epithelium branching, and ECs are responsible for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fibroblasts. In vivo, EC deletion of Wntless inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in fibroblasts, rendering a reduction in epithelial branches. These findings highlight the significance of the endothelial niche in tissue patterning, shedding light on the interactive mechanisms in which distinct niche components orchestrate epithelial organogenesis and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wenqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ruikai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing Cissy Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Center of reproductive medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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488
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Lee S, Hong JH, Kim JS, Yoon JS, Chun SH, Hong SA, Kim EJ, Kang K, Lee Kang J, Ko YH, Ahn YH. Cancer-associated fibroblasts activated by miR-196a promote the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:92-103. [PMID: 33775710 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote the migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells when they are activated through diverse processes, including post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). To identify the miRNAs that regulate CAF activation, we used NanoString to profile miRNA expression within normal mouse lung fibroblasts (LFs) and CAFs. Based on NanoString profiling, miR-196a was selected as a candidate that was up-regulated in CAFs. miR-196a-overexpressed LFs (LF-196a) promoted the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in co-culture systems (Transwell migration and spheroid invasion assays). ANXA1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-196a, and adding back ANXA1 to LF-196a restored the cancer cell invasion promoted by miR-196a. miR-196a increased CCL2 secretion in fibroblasts, and that was suppressed by ANXA1. Furthermore, blocking CCL2 impeded cancer spheroid invasion. In lung adenocarcinoma patients, high miR-196a expression was associated with poor prognosis. Collectively, our results suggest that CAF-specific miR-196a promotes lung cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment via ANXA1 and CCL2 and that miR-196a will be a good therapeutic target or biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Hong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yoon
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea.
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489
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Circ-HMGA2 (hsa_circ_0027446) promotes the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the miR-1236-3p/ZEB1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:313. [PMID: 33762580 PMCID: PMC7991034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide; however, its detailed molecular pathology remains unclear. Although circRNAs have gradually been identified as molecules that are differentially expressed in tumors and play key roles in tumor progression, their role in LUAD is poorly understood. Through microarray analysis, we obtained the circRNA expression profile of LUAD and found that circ-HMGA2 (hsa_circ_0027446), a novel RNA, is highly expressed in LUAD. The high expression of circ-HMGA2 was further verified in 36 paired LUAD and adjacent normal tissues. Functionally, circ-HMGA2 promoted LUAD cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay and FISH results showed that circ-HMGA2 interacts with miR-1236-3p and that miR-1236-3p interacts with ZEB1. In addition, miR-1236-3p was expressed at low levels in LUAD, inhibited LUAD cell metastasis, and suppressed the function of circ-HMGA2. ZEB1 is an EMT-promoting transcription factor. The PCR and WB analysis results showed that circ-HMGA2 promotes both ZEB1 expression and EMT. MiR-1236-3p had the opposite effect, reversing the promotive effect of circ-HMGA2 on EMT. In summary, circ-HMGA2 promotes LUAD cell metastasis through the miR-1236-3p/EMT axis, indicating that it could be a therapeutic target in LUAD.
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490
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Llamazares-Prada M, Espinet E, Mijošek V, Schwartz U, Lutsik P, Tamas R, Richter M, Behrendt A, Pohl ST, Benz NP, Muley T, Warth A, Heußel CP, Winter H, Landry JJM, Herth FJ, Mertens TC, Karmouty-Quintana H, Koch I, Benes V, Korbel JO, Waszak SM, Trumpp A, Wyatt DM, Stahl HF, Plass C, Jurkowska RZ. Versatile workflow for cell type-resolved transcriptional and epigenetic profiles from cryopreserved human lung. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140443. [PMID: 33630765 PMCID: PMC8026197 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of lung microenvironment and changes in cellular composition during disease make it exceptionally hard to understand molecular mechanisms driving development of chronic lung diseases. Although recent advances in cell type-resolved approaches hold great promise for studying complex diseases, their implementation relies on local access to fresh tissue, as traditional tissue storage methods do not allow viable cell isolation. To overcome these hurdles, we developed a versatile workflow that allows storage of lung tissue with high viability, permits thorough sample quality check before cell isolation, and befits sequencing-based profiling. We demonstrate that cryopreservation enables isolation of multiple cell types from both healthy and diseased lungs. Basal cells from cryopreserved airways retain their differentiation ability, indicating that cellular identity is not altered by cryopreservation. Importantly, using RNA sequencing and EPIC Array, we show that gene expression and DNA methylation signatures are preserved upon cryopreservation, emphasizing the suitability of our workflow for omics profiling of lung cells. Moreover, we obtained high-quality single-cell RNA-sequencing data of cells from cryopreserved human lungs, demonstrating that cryopreservation empowers single-cell approaches. Overall, thanks to its simplicity, our workflow is well suited for prospective tissue collection by academic collaborators and biobanks, opening worldwide access to viable human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix J.F. Herth
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine and Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tinne C.J. Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Ina Koch
- Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, DZL, Gauting, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heiko F. Stahl
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renata Z. Jurkowska
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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491
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Hossian AKMN, Zahra FT, Poudel S, Abshire CF, Polk P, Garai J, Zabaleta J, Mikelis CM, Mattheolabakis G. Advanced bioinformatic analysis and pathway prediction of NSCLC cells upon cisplatin resistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6520. [PMID: 33753779 PMCID: PMC7985311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify pathway involvement in the development of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) resistance in A549 lung cancer (LC) cells by utilizing advanced bioinformatics software. We developed CDDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cells through prolonged incubation with the drug and performed RNA-seq on RNA extracts to determine differential mRNA and miRNA expression between A549/DDP and A549 cells. We analyzed the gene dysregulation with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; QIAGEN) software. In contrast to prior research, which relied on the clustering of dysregulated genes to pathways as an indication of pathway activity, we utilized the IPA software for the dynamic evaluation of pathway activity depending on the gene dysregulation levels. We predicted 15 pathways significantly contributing to the chemoresistance, with several of them to have not been previously reported or analyzed in detail. Among them, the PKR signaling, cholesterol biosynthesis, and TEC signaling pathways are included, as well as genes, such as PIK3R3, miR-34c-5p, and MDM2, among others. We also provide a preliminary analysis of SNPs and indels, present exclusively in A549/DDP cells. This study's results provide novel potential mechanisms and molecular targets that can be explored in future studies and assist in improving the understanding of the chemoresistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Nawshad Hossian
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sagun Poudel
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Camille F Abshire
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Paula Polk
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA.
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492
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Zheng Y, Tian H, Zhou Z, Xiao C, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Fan T, Zheng B, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao G, Li C, He J. A Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Model for Response to Immunotherapy and Survival in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651406. [PMID: 33816503 PMCID: PMC8017122 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most malignant diseases worldwide. The immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have changed the paradigm of lung cancer treatment; however, there are still patients who are resistant. Further exploration of the immune infiltration status of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is necessary for better clinical management. In our study, the CIBERSORT method was used to calculate the infiltration status of 22 immune cells in LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We clustered LUAD based on immune infiltration status by consensus clustering. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cold and hot tumor group were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Last, we constructed a Cox regression model. We found that the infiltration of M0 macrophage cells and follicular helper T cells predicted an unfavorable overall survival of patients. Consensus clustering of 22 immune cells identified 5 clusters with different patterns of immune cells infiltration, stromal cells infiltration, and tumor purity. Based on the immune scores, we classified these five clusters into hot and cold tumors, which are different in transcription profiles. Hot tumors are enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, while cold tumors are enriched in metabolic pathways. Based on the hub genes and prognostic-related genes, we developed a Cox regression model to predict the overall survival of patients with LUAD and validated in other three datasets. In conclusion, we developed an immune-related signature that can predict the prognosis of patients, which might facilitate the clinical application of immunotherapy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gengshu Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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493
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Efremova MV, Bodea SV, Sigmund F, Semkina A, Westmeyer GG, Abakumov MA. Genetically Encoded Self-Assembling Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Possible Platform for Cancer-Cell Tracking. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030397. [PMID: 33809789 PMCID: PMC8002387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of growth and possible metastasis in animal models of tumors would benefit from reliable cell labels for noninvasive whole-organism imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging. Genetically encoded cell-tracking reporters have the advantage that they are contrast-selective for viable cells with intact protein expression machinery. Besides, these reporters do not suffer from dilution during cell division. Encapsulins, which are bacterial protein nanocompartments, can serve as genetically controlled labels for multimodal detection of cells. Such nanocompartments can host various guest molecules inside their lumen. These include, for example, fluorescent proteins or enzymes with ferroxidase activity leading to biomineralization of iron oxide inside the encapsulin nanoshell. The aim of this work was to implement heterologous expression of encapsulin systems from Quasibacillus thermotolerans using the fluorescent reporter protein mScarlet-I and ferroxidase IMEF in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. The successful expression of self-assembled encapsulin nanocompartments with functional cargo proteins was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, coexpression of encapsulin nanoshells, ferroxidase cargo, and iron transporter led to an increase in T2-weighted contrast in magnetic resonance imaging of HepG2 cells. The results demonstrate that the encapsulin cargo system from Q. thermotolerans may be suitable for multimodal imaging of cancer cells and could contribute to further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Efremova
- Department of Chemistry & TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.-V.B.); (F.S.); (G.G.W.)
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.V.E.); (M.A.A.); Tel.: +74-95-638-4465 (M.A.A.)
| | - Silviu-Vasile Bodea
- Department of Chemistry & TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.-V.B.); (F.S.); (G.G.W.)
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sigmund
- Department of Chemistry & TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.-V.B.); (F.S.); (G.G.W.)
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alevtina Semkina
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- V.P. Serbskiy National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gil G. Westmeyer
- Department of Chemistry & TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.-V.B.); (F.S.); (G.G.W.)
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maxim A. Abakumov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory “Biomedical Nanomaterials”, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.V.E.); (M.A.A.); Tel.: +74-95-638-4465 (M.A.A.)
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494
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Xie X, Jiang S, Li X. Nuf2 Is a Prognostic-Related Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621373. [PMID: 33767990 PMCID: PMC7985438 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuf2 participates in the regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation by regulating the binding of centromere and spindle microtubules to achieve the correct separation of chromosomes. Previous reports have suggested that Nuf2 may play a role in various human cancers. However, the mechanism and function of Nuf2 in the development of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. This study investigated the prognostic potential of Nuf2 and its relation with immune cell infiltration in HCC. Nuf2 expression in tumor cells was examined using the TIMER and Oncomine databases, and its prognostic potential was assessed via the Kaplan-Meier plotter and GEPIA databases. The relationships between Nuf2 and tumor immune infiltration were analyzed using TIMER. The relationships between Nuf2 and biomarkers of tumor immune infiltration were analyzed using TIMER and GEPIA. Here we revealed that Nuf2 expression increased in tumor tissues containing HCC, and this correlated with poor relapse-free survival, disease-specific survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with HCC regardless of grades, genders, races, drinking behaviors and other clinical factors. Additionally, high expression of Nuf2 was positively correlated with differential immune cell infiltration and various immune biomarkers. Our work demonstrated that Nuf2 could be a potential prognostic biomarker and could be related to tumor immune cell infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Herbal Medicines, Guizhou Education Department, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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495
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Donkor M, Jones HP. The Proposition of the Pulmonary Route as an Attractive Drug Delivery Approach of Nano-Based Immune Therapies and Cancer Vaccines to Treat Lung Tumors. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.635194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths globally, making it a major health concern. The lung’s permissive rich microenvironment is ideal for supporting outgrowth of disseminated tumors from pre-existing extra-pulmonary malignancies usually resulting in high mortality. Tumors occurring in the lungs are difficult to treat, necessitating the need for the development of advanced treatment modalities against primary tumors and secondary lung metastasis. In this review, we explore the pulmonary route as an attractive drug delivery approach to treat lung tumors. We also discuss the potential of pulmonary delivery of cancer vaccine vectors to induce mucosal immunity capable of preventing the seeding of tumors in the lung.
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496
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Luo X, Jiang Y, Chen F, Wei Z, Qiu Y, Xu H, Tian G, Gong W, Yuan Y, Feng H, Zhong L, Ji N, Xu X, Sun C, Li T, Li J, Feng X, Deng P, Zeng X, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Dan H, Jiang L, Chen Q. ORAOV1-B Promotes OSCC Metastasis via the NF-κB-TNFα Loop. J Dent Res 2021; 100:858-867. [PMID: 33655785 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521996339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a powerful prognostic indicator of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is chiefly responsible for poor cancer outcomes. Despite an increasing number of studies examining the mechanisms underlying poor outcomes, the development of potent strategies is hindered by insufficient characterization of the crucial regulators. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been gaining interest as significant modulators of OSCC metastasis; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated OSCC metastasis remain relatively uncharacterized. Here, we identified a novel alternative splice variant of oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1), named as ORAOV1-B, which was subsequently validated as an lncRNA and correlated with OSCC lymph node metastasis; significantly increased invasion and migration were observed in ORAOV1-B-overexpressing OSCC cells. RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry identified Hsp90 as a direct target of ORAOV1-B, and cDNA microarrays suggested TNFα as a potential downstream target of ORAOV1-B. ORAOV1-B was shown to directly bind to and stabilize Hsp90, which maintains the function of client proteins, receptor-interaction protein, and IκB kinase beta, thus activating the NF-κB pathway and inducing TNFα. Additionally, TNFα reciprocally enhanced p-NF-κB-p65 and the downstream epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ORAOV1-B effects were reversed by a TNFα inhibitor, demonstrating that TNFα is essential for ORAOV1-B-regulated metastatic ability. Consistent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the ORAOV1-B group was demonstrated via an orthotopic model. In the metastatic model, ORAOV1-B significantly contributed to OSCC-related lung metastasis. In summary, the novel splice variant ORAOV1-B is an lncRNA, which significantly potentiates OSCC invasion and metastasis by binding to Hsp90 and activating the NF-κB-TNFα loop. These findings demonstrate the versatile role of ORAOV1 family members and the significance of genes located within 11q13 in promoting OSCC. ORAOV1-B might serve as an attractive OSCC metastasis intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - F Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - G Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- XiangYa Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - L Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - N Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - P Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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497
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Identified lung adenocarcinoma metabolic phenotypes and their association with tumor immune microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2835-2850. [PMID: 33659999 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), causes high mortality around the world. Previous studies have suggested that the metabolic pattern of tumor is associated with tumor response to immunotherapy and patient's survival outcome. Yet, this relationship in LUAD is still unknown. METHODS Therefore, in this study, we identified the immune landscape in different tumor subtypes classified by metabolism-related genes expression with a large-scale dataset (tumor samples, n = 2181; normal samples, n = 419). We comprehensively correlated metabolism-related phenotypes with diverse clinicopathologic characteristics, genomic features, and immunotherapeutic efficacy in LUAD patients. RESULTS And we confirmed tumors with activated lipid metabolism tend to have higher immunocytes infiltration and better response to checkpoint immunotherapy. This work highlights the connection between the metabolic pattern of tumor and tumor immune infiltration in LUAD. A scoring system based on metabolism-related gene expression is not only able to predict prognosis of patient with LUAD but also applied to pan-cancer. LUAD response to checkpoint immunotherapy can also be predicted by this scoring system. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed the significant connection between metabolic pattern of tumor and tumor immune infiltration, regulating LUAD patients' response to immunotherapy.
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498
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Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Verma AK, Aloliqi A, Allemailem KS, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin, a Plant Flavonol, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer through the Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051315. [PMID: 33804548 PMCID: PMC7957552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic flavonoids are considered natural, non-toxic chemopreventers, which are most commonly derived from plants, fruits, and vegetables. Most of these polyphenolics exhibit remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Quercetin (Qu) is a chief representative of these polyphenolic compounds, which exhibits excellent antioxidant and anticancer potential, and has attracted the attention of researchers working in the area of cancer biology. Qu can regulate numerous tumor-related activities, such as oxidative stress, angiogenesis, cell cycle, tumor necrosis factor, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The anticancer properties of Qu mainly occur through the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), apoptosis, phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (P13K)/Akt (proteinase-kinase B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase)/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. The anticancer potential of Qu is documented in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, involving several animal models and cell lines. Remarkably, this phytochemical possesses toxic activities against cancerous cells only, with limited toxic effects on normal cells. In this review, we present extensive research investigations aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of Qu in the management of different types of cancers. The anticancer potential of Qu is specifically discussed by focusing its ability to target specific molecular signaling, such as p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), VEGF, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. The anticancer potential of Qu has gained remarkable interest, but the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. However, this natural compound has great pharmacological potential; it is now believed to be a complementary—or alternative—medicine for the prevention and treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 51542, India;
| | - Abdulaziz Aloliqi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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499
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Wu H, Huang S, Zhuang W, Qiao G. Prognostic significance of eight immune-related genes on survival in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Med 2021; 15:295-306. [PMID: 33590774 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To build a valid prognostic model based on immune-related genes for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Materials & methods: Differential expression of immune-related genes between LUSC and normal specimens from TCGA dataset and underlying molecular mechanisms were systematically analyzed. Constructing and validating the high-risk and low-risk groups for LUSC survival. Results: The immune-related gene-based prognostic index (IRGPI) could predict the overall survival in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis of differential expression of immune-related gene signature indicated distinctive molecular pathways between high-risk and low-risk groups. Conclusion: Analysis of IRGs in LUSC enable us to stratify patients into distinct risk groups, which may help to screen LUSC patients at risk and decision making on follow-up therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Shujie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Weitao Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Guibin Qiao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
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500
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Domen A, Quatannens D, Zanivan S, Deben C, Van Audenaerde J, Smits E, Wouters A, Lardon F, Roeyen G, Verhoeven Y, Janssens A, Vandamme T, van Dam P, Peeters M, Prenen H. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as a Common Orchestrator of Therapy Resistance in Lung and Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:987. [PMID: 33673405 PMCID: PMC7956441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from mutations accruing within cancer cells, but the tumor microenvironment (TME) is believed to be a major, often neglected, factor involved in therapy resistance and disease progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent and key components of the TME in most types of solid tumors. Extensive research over the past decade revealed their ability to modulate cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor mechanics, immunosuppression, and drug access through synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix and production of growth factors. Thus, they are considered to impede the response to current clinical cancer therapies. Therefore, targeting CAFs to counteract these protumorigenic effects, and overcome the resistance to current therapeutic options, is an appealing and emerging strategy. In this review, we discuss how CAFs affect prognosis and response to clinical therapy and provide an overview of novel therapies involving CAF-targeting agents in lung and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Domen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Delphine Quatannens
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK;
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Jonas Van Audenaerde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter van Dam
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.); (D.Q.); (C.D.); (J.V.A.); (E.S.); (A.W.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (Y.V.); (T.V.); (P.v.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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