451
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Kang SK, Park G, Kim K, Hwang SW, Cheng H, Shin J, Chung S, Kim M, Yin L, Lee JC, Lee KM, Rogers JA. Dissolution chemistry and biocompatibility of silicon- and germanium-based semiconductors for transient electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9297-9305. [PMID: 25867894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting materials are central to the development of high-performance electronics that are capable of dissolving completely when immersed in aqueous solutions, groundwater, or biofluids, for applications in temporary biomedical implants, environmentally degradable sensors, and other systems. The results reported here include comprehensive studies of the dissolution by hydrolysis of polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon-germanium, and germanium in aqueous solutions of various pH values and temperatures. In vitro cellular toxicity evaluations demonstrate the biocompatibility of the materials and end products of dissolution, thereby supporting their potential for use in biodegradable electronics. A fully dissolvable thin-film solar cell illustrates the ability to integrate these semiconductors into functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayoung Park
- §Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- △Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suk-Won Hwang
- ∥KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Minjin Kim
- ⊥KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- §Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- #Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
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452
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Pal RK, Kurland NE, Wang C, Kundu SC, Yadavalli VK. Biopatterning of Silk Proteins for Soft Micro-optics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8809-16. [PMID: 25853731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Silk proteins from spiders and silkworms have been proposed as outstanding candidates for soft micro-optic and photonic applications because of their optical transparency, unique biological properties, and mechanical robustness. Here, we present a method to form microstructures of the two constituent silk proteins, fibroin and sericin for use as an optical biomaterial. Using photolithography, chemically modified silk protein photoresists are patterned in 2D arrays of periodic patterns and Fresnel zone plates. Angle-dependent iridescent colors are produced in these periodic micropatterns because of the Bragg diffraction. Silk protein photolithography can used to form patterns on different substrates including flexible sheets with features of any shape with high fidelity and resolution over large areas. Finally, we show that these mechanically stable and transparent iridescent architectures are also completely biodegradable. This versatile and scalable technique can therefore be used to develop biocompatible, soft micro-optic devices that can be degraded in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra K Pal
- †Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Nicholas E Kurland
- †Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- †Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- ‡Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- †Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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453
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Jin SH, Kang SK, Cho IT, Han SY, Chung HU, Lee DJ, Shin J, Baek GW, Kim TI, Lee JH, Rogers JA. Water-soluble thin film transistors and circuits based on amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8268-8274. [PMID: 25805699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents device designs, circuit demonstrations, and dissolution kinetics for amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) comprised completely of water-soluble materials, including SiNx, SiOx, molybdenum, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Collections of these types of physically transient a-IGZO TFTs and 5-stage ring oscillators (ROs), constructed with them, show field effect mobilities (∼10 cm2/Vs), on/off ratios (∼2×10(6)), subthreshold slopes (∼220 mV/dec), Ohmic contact properties, and oscillation frequency of 5.67 kHz at supply voltages of 19 V, all comparable to otherwise similar devices constructed in conventional ways with standard, nontransient materials. Studies of dissolution kinetics for a-IGZO films in deionized water, bovine serum, and phosphate buffer saline solution provide data of relevance for the potential use of these materials and this technology in temporary biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hun Jin
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - In-Tak Cho
- §Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-600, Korea
| | - Sang Youn Han
- ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ha Uk Chung
- ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jongmin Shin
- §Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-600, Korea
| | - Geun Woo Baek
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Tae-il Kim
- ∥Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- §Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-600, Korea
| | - John A Rogers
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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454
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Meng J, Chen JJ, Zhang L, Bie YQ, Liao ZM, Yu DP. Vertically architectured stack of multiple graphene field-effect transistors for flexible electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1660-1664. [PMID: 25400205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vertically architectured stack of multiple graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) on a flexible substrate show great mechanical flexibility and robustness. The four GFETs are integrated in the vertical direction, and dually gated GFETs with graphene channel, PMMA dielectrics, and graphene gate electrodes are realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, PR China
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455
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Wang H, Hu P, Yang J, Gong G, Guo L, Chen X. Renewable-juglone-based high-performance sodium-ion batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2348-54. [PMID: 25728939 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A renewable-biomolecule-based electrode is developed through a facile synchronous reduction and self-assembly process, without any binder or additional conductive agent. The hybridized electrodes can be fabricated with arbitrary size and shape and exhibit superior capacity and cycle performance. The renewable-biomaterial-based high-performance electrodes will hold a place in future energy-storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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456
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Hwang GT, Byun M, Jeong CK, Lee KJ. Flexible piezoelectric thin-film energy harvesters and nanosensors for biomedical applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:646-58. [PMID: 25476410 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of inorganic-based flexible piezoelectric thin films for biomedical applications has been actively reported due to their advantages of highly piezoelectric, pliable, slim, lightweight, and biocompatible properties. The piezoelectric thin films on plastic substrates can convert ambient mechanical energy into electric signals, even responding to tiny movements on corrugated surfaces of internal organs and nanoscale biomechanical vibrations caused by acoustic waves. These inherent properties of flexible piezoelectric thin films enable to develop not only self-powered energy harvesters for eliminating batteries of bio-implantable medical devices but also sensitive nanosensors for in vivo diagnosis/therapy systems. This paper provides recent progresses of flexible piezoelectric thin-film harvesters and nanosensors for use in biomedical fields. First, developments of flexible piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices by using high-quality perovskite thin film and innovative flexible fabrication processes are addressed. Second, their biomedical applications are investigated, including self-powered cardiac pacemaker, acoustic nanosensor for biomimetic artificial hair cells, in vivo energy harvester driven by organ movements, and mechanical sensor for detecting nanoscale cellular deflections. At the end, future perspective of a self-powered flexible biomedical system is also briefly discussed with relation to the latest advancements of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Tae Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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457
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Yin L, Farimani AB, Min K, Vishal N, Lam J, Lee YK, Aluru NR, Rogers JA. Mechanisms for hydrolysis of silicon nanomembranes as used in bioresorbable electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1857-64. [PMID: 25626856 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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458
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Impedance sensing device enables early detection of pressure ulcers in vivo. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6575. [PMID: 25779688 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When pressure is applied to a localized area of the body for an extended time, the resulting loss of blood flow and subsequent reperfusion to the tissue causes cell death and a pressure ulcer develops. Preventing pressure ulcers is challenging because the combination of pressure and time that results in tissue damage varies widely between patients, and the underlying damage is often severe by the time a surface wound becomes visible. Currently, no method exists to detect early tissue damage and enable intervention. Here we demonstrate a flexible, electronic device that non-invasively maps pressure-induced tissue damage, even when such damage cannot be visually observed. Using impedance spectroscopy across flexible electrode arrays in vivo on a rat model, we find that impedance is robustly correlated with tissue health across multiple animals and wound types. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of an automated, non-invasive 'smart bandage' for early detection of pressure ulcers.
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459
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Daniele MA, Knight AJ, Roberts SA, Radom K, Erickson JS. Sweet substrate: a polysaccharide nanocomposite for conformal electronic decals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1600-1606. [PMID: 25472799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A conformal electronic decal based on a polysaccharide circuit board (PCB) is fabricated and characterized. The PCBs are laminates composed of bioderived sugars - nanocellulose and pullulan. The PCB and decal transfer are a bioactive material system for supporting electronic devices capable of conforming to bio-logical surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Daniele
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
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460
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Melzer M, Karnaushenko D, Lin G, Baunack S, Makarov D, Schmidt OG. Direct transfer of magnetic sensor devices to elastomeric supports for stretchable electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1333-8. [PMID: 25639256 PMCID: PMC5093710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel fabrication method for stretchable magnetoresistive sensors is introduced, which allows the transfer of a complex microsensor systems prepared on common rigid donor substrates to prestretched elastomeric membranes in a single step. This direct transfer printing method boosts the fabrication potential of stretchable magnetoelectronics in terms of miniaturization and level of complexity, and provides strain-invariant sensors up to 30% tensile deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melzer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
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461
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Melzer M, Mönch JI, Makarov D, Zabila Y, Cañón Bermúdez GS, Karnaushenko D, Baunack S, Bahr F, Yan C, Kaltenbrunner M, Schmidt OG. Wearable magnetic field sensors for flexible electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1274-80. [PMID: 25523752 PMCID: PMC4338756 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly flexible bismuth Hall sensors on polymeric foils are fabricated, and the key optimization steps that are required to boost their sensitivity to the bulk value are identified. The sensor can be bent around the wrist or positioned on the finger to realize an interactive pointing device for wearable electronics. Furthermore, this technology is of great interest for the rapidly developing market of -eMobility, for optimization of eMotors and magnetic bearings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melzer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Jens Ingolf Mönch
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- The H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences31–342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Stefan Baunack
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Falk Bahr
- Elektrotechnisches Institut, Technische Universität Dresden01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chenglin Yan
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Department of Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler UniversityAltenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)01069, Dresden, Germany E-mail:
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology01062, Dresden, Germany
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462
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Tseng P, Lin J, Owsley K, Kong J, Kunze A, Murray C, Di Carlo D. Flexible and stretchable micromagnet arrays for tunable biointerfacing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1083-9. [PMID: 25537971 PMCID: PMC4416700 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A process to surface pattern polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with ferromagnetic structures of varying sizes (micrometer to millimeter) and thicknesses (>70 μm) is developed. Their flexibility and magnetic reach are utilized to confer dynamic, additive properties to a variety of substrates, such as coverslips and Eppendorf tubes. It is found that these substrates can generate additional modes of magnetic droplet manipulation, and can tunably steer magnetic-cell organization.
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463
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Karnaushenko D, Makarov D, Stöber M, Karnaushenko DD, Baunack S, Schmidt OG. High-performance magnetic sensorics for printable and flexible electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:880-5. [PMID: 25366983 PMCID: PMC4365733 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High-performance giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensorics are realized, which are printed at predefined locations on flexible circuitry. Remarkably, the printed magnetosensors remain fully operational over the complete consumer temperature range and reveal a giant magnetoresistance up to 37% and a sensitivity of 0.93 T(-1) at 130 mT. With these specifications, printed magnetoelectronics can be controlled using flexible active electronics for the realization of smart packaging and energy-efficient switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Max Stöber
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Stefan Baunack
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of TechnologyDresden, 01062, Germany
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464
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Melzer M, Kaltenbrunner M, Makarov D, Karnaushenko D, Karnaushenko D, Sekitani T, Someya T, Schmidt OG. Imperceptible magnetoelectronics. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6080. [PMID: 25607534 PMCID: PMC4354162 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Future electronic skin aims to mimic nature’s original both in functionality and appearance. Although some of the multifaceted properties of human skin may remain exclusive to the biological system, electronics opens a unique path that leads beyond imitation and could equip us with unfamiliar senses. Here we demonstrate giant magnetoresistive sensor foils with high sensitivity, unmatched flexibility and mechanical endurance. They are <2 μm thick, extremely flexible (bending radii <3 μm), lightweight (≈3 g m−2) and wearable as imperceptible magneto-sensitive skin that enables proximity detection, navigation and touchless control. On elastomeric supports, they can be stretched uniaxially or biaxially, reaching strains of >270% and endure over 1,000 cycles without fatigue. These ultrathin magnetic field sensors readily conform to ubiquitous objects including human skin and offer a new sense for soft robotics, safety and healthcare monitoring, consumer electronics and electronic skin devices. Birds and many other animals can sense the Earth’s magnetic field, but not human beings. Here, Melzer et al. develop a type of artificial skin based on giant magnetoresistive sensor foils with micrometre thickness, which can be stretched up to >250% without sacrifices in device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melzer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- 1] Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- 1] Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [3] The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- 1] Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- 1] Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany [2] Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany [3] Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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465
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Hwang SW, Kang SK, Huang X, Brenckle MA, Omenetto FG, Rogers JA. Materials for programmed, functional transformation in transient electronic systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:47-52. [PMID: 25357247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials and device designs are presented for electronic systems that undergo functional transformation by a controlled time sequence in the dissolution of active materials and/or encapsulation layers. Demonstration examples include various biocompatible, multifunctional systems with autonomous behavior defined by materials selection and layout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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466
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O'Connor TF, Rajan KM, Printz AD, Lipomi DJ. Toward organic electronics with properties inspired by biological tissue. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4947-4952. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The carbon framework common to both organic semiconductors and biological structures suggests that these two classes of materials should be easily integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirtana M. Rajan
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
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467
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Henstock JR, Canham LT, Anderson SI. Silicon: the evolution of its use in biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:17-26. [PMID: 25246311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the 1970s, several studies revealed the requirement for silicon in bone development, while bioactive silicate glasses simultaneously pioneered the current era of bioactive materials. Considerable research has subsequently focused on the chemistry and biological function of silicon in bone, demonstrating that the element has at least two separate effects in the extracellular matrix: (i) interacting with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans during their synthesis, and (ii) forming ionic substitutions in the crystal lattice structure of hydroxyapatite. In addition, the dissolution products of bioactive glass (predominantly silicic acids) have significant effects on the molecular biology of osteoblasts in vitro, regulating the expression of several genes including key osteoblastic markers, cell cycle regulators and extracellular matrix proteins. Researchers have sought to capitalize on these effects and have generated a diverse array of biomaterials, which include bioactive glasses, silicon-substituted hydroxyapatites and pure, porosified silicon, but all these materials share similarities in the mechanisms that result in their bioactivity. This review discusses the current data obtained from original research in biochemistry and biomaterials science supporting the role of silicon in bone, comparing both the biological function of the element and analysing the evolution of silicon-containing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Henstock
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.
| | - L T Canham
- pSiMedica Ltd, Malvern Hills Science Park, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3SZ, UK
| | - S I Anderson
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Division of Medical Science and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
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468
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Kozai TDY, Vazquez AL. Photoelectric artefact from optogenetics and imaging on microelectrodes and bioelectronics: New Challenges and Opportunities. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4965-4978. [PMID: 26167283 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, electronic technologies that interface with biological systems, are experiencing rapid growth in terms of technology development and applications, especially in neuroscience and neuroprosthetic research. The parallel growth with optogenetics and in vivo multi-photon microscopy has also begun to generate great enthusiasm for simultaneous applications with bioelectronic technologies. However, emerging research showing artefact contaminated data highlight the need for understanding the fundamental physical principles that critically impact experimental results and complicate their interpretation. This review covers four major topics: 1) material dependent properties of the photoelectric effect (conductor, semiconductor, organic, photoelectric work function (band gap)); 2) optic dependent properties of the photoelectric effect (single photon, multiphoton, entangled biphoton, intensity, wavelength, coherence); 3) strategies and limitations for avoiding/minimizing photoelectric effects; and 4) advantages of and applications for light-based bioelectronics (photo-bioelectronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. ; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. ; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. ; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. ; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. ; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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469
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Xu X, Subbaraman H, Chakravarty S, Hosseini A, Covey J, Yu Y, Kwong D, Zhang Y, Lai WC, Zou Y, Lu N, Chen RT. Flexible single-crystal silicon nanomembrane photonic crystal cavity. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12265-12271. [PMID: 25409282 DOI: 10.1021/nn504393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexible inorganic electronic devices promise numerous applications, especially in fields that could not be covered satisfactorily by conventional rigid devices. Benefits on a similar scale are also foreseeable for silicon photonic components. However, the difficulty in transferring intricate silicon photonic devices has deterred widespread development. In this paper, we demonstrate a flexible single-crystal silicon nanomembrane photonic crystal microcavity through a bonding and substrate removal approach. The transferred cavity shows a quality factor of 2.2×10(4) and could be bent to a curvature of 5 mm radius without deteriorating the performance compared to its counterparts on rigid substrates. A thorough characterization of the device reveals that the resonant wavelength is a linear function of the bending-induced strain. The device also shows a curvature-independent sensitivity to the ambient index variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Xu
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin , 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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470
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Abstract
Chronic nonhealing wounds are a major source of morbidity and mortality in bed-ridden and diabetic patients. Monitoring of physical and chemical parameters important in wound healing and remodeling process can be of immense benefit for optimum management of such lesions. Low-cost flexible polymeric and paper-based substrates are attractive platforms for fabrication of such sensors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in flexible physiochemical sensors for chronic wound monitoring. After a brief introduction to wound healing process and commercial wound dressings, we describe various flexible biocompatible substrates that can be used as the base platform for integration of wound monitoring sensors. We will then discuss several fabrication methods that can be utilized to integrate physical and chemical sensors onto such substrates. Finally, we will present physical and chemical sensors developed for monitoring wound microenvironment and outline future development venues.
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471
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Abstract
Hydrolyzable polymers are widely used materials that have found numerous applications in biomedical, agricultural, plastic, and packaging industrials. They usually contain ester and other hydrolyzable bonds, such as anhydride, acetal, ketal, or imine, in their backbone structures. Here, we report the first design of hydrolyzable polyureas bearing dynamic hindered urea bonds (HUBs) that can reversibly dissociate to bulky amines and isocyanates, the latter of which can be further hydrolyzed by water, driving the equilibrium to facilitate the degradation of polyureas. Polyureas bearing 1-tert-butyl-1-ethylurea bonds that show high dynamicity (high bond dissociation rate), in the form of either linear polymers or cross-linked gels, can be completely degraded by water under mild conditions. Given the simplicity and low cost for the production of polyureas by simply mixing multifunctional bulky amines and isocyanates, the versatility of the structures, and the tunability of the degradation profiles of HUB-bearing polyureas, these materials are potentially of very broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Ying
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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472
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Hernandez HL, Kang SK, Lee OP, Hwang SW, Kaitz JA, Inci B, Park CW, Chung S, Sottos NR, Moore JS, Rogers JA, White SR. Triggered transience of metastable poly(phthalaldehyde) for transient electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7637-42. [PMID: 25332056 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Triggerable transient electronics are demonstrated with the use of a metastable poly(phthalaldehyde) polymer substrate and encapsulant. The rate of degradation is controlled by the concentration of the photo-acid generator and UV irradiance. This work expands on the materials that can be used for transient electronics by demonstrating transience in response to a preselected trigger without the need for solution-based degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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473
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Schendel AA, Eliceiri KW, Williams JC. Advanced Materials for Neural Surface Electrodes. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014; 18:301-307. [PMID: 26392802 PMCID: PMC4574303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing electrodes for neural interfacing applications requires deep consideration of a multitude of materials factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the stiffness, biocompatibility, biostability, dielectric, and conductivity properties of the materials involved. The combination of materials properties chosen not only determines the ability of the device to perform its intended function, but also the extent to which the body reacts to the presence of the device after implantation. Advances in the field of materials science continue to yield new and improved materials with properties well-suited for neural applications. Although many of these materials have been well-established for non-biological applications, their use in medical devices is still relatively novel. The intention of this review is to outline new material advances for neural electrode arrays, in particular those that interface with the surface of the nervous tissue, as well as to propose future directions for neural surface electrode development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Schendel
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53703
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI USA 53706
| | - Justin C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53703
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474
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Silk-based resorbable electronic devices for remotely controlled therapy and in vivo infection abatement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17385-9. [PMID: 25422476 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407743111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift for implantable medical devices lies at the confluence between regenerative medicine, where materials remodel and integrate in the biological milieu, and technology, through the use of recently developed material platforms based on biomaterials and bioresorbable technologies such as optics and electronics. The union of materials and technology in this context enables a class of biomedical devices that can be optically or electronically functional and yet harmlessly degrade once their use is complete. We present here a fully degradable, remotely controlled, implantable therapeutic device operating in vivo to counter a Staphylococcus aureus infection that disappears once its function is complete. This class of device provides fully resorbable packaging and electronics that can be turned on remotely, after implantation, to provide the necessary thermal therapy or trigger drug delivery. Such externally controllable, resorbable devices not only obviate the need for secondary surgeries and retrieval, but also have extended utility as therapeutic devices that can be left behind at a surgical or suturing site, following intervention, and can be externally controlled to allow for infection management by either thermal treatment or by remote triggering of drug release when there is retardation of antibiotic diffusion, deep infections are present, or when systemic antibiotic treatment alone is insufficient due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. After completion of function, the device is safely resorbed into the body, within a programmable period.
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475
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Huang X, Liu Y, Hwang SW, Kang SK, Patnaik D, Cortes JF, Rogers JA. Biodegradable materials for multilayer transient printed circuit boards. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7371-7. [PMID: 25244671 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable printed circuit boards based on water-soluble materials are demonstrated. These systems can dissolve in water within 10 mins to yield end-products that are environmentally safe. These and related approaches have the potential to reduce hazardous waste streams associated with electronics disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, 104 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Missouri University of Science and Technology, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 400 West 13th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
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476
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Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Saxena A, Shehadeh N. Public health in the twenty-first century: the role of advanced technologies. Front Public Health 2014; 2:224. [PMID: 25426484 PMCID: PMC4226139 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muni Rubens
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University , Miami, FL , USA
| | | | - Anshul Saxena
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Nancy Shehadeh
- College of Business, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, FL , USA
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477
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Camposeo A, Del Carro P, Persano L, Cyprych K, Szukalski A, Sznitko L, Mysliwiec J, Pisignano D. Physically transient photonics: random versus distributed feedback lasing based on nanoimprinted DNA. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10893-8. [PMID: 25265371 PMCID: PMC4212788 DOI: 10.1021/nn504720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature nanoimprinted, DNA-based distributed feedback (DFB) laser operation at 605 nm is reported. The laser is made of a pure DNA host matrix doped with gain dyes. At high excitation densities, the emission of the untextured dye-doped DNA films is characterized by a broad emission peak with an overall line width of 12 nm and superimposed narrow peaks, characteristic of random lasing. Moreover, direct patterning of the DNA films is demonstrated with a resolution down to 100 nm, enabling the realization of both surface-emitting and edge-emitting DFB lasers with a typical line width of <0.3 nm. The resulting emission is polarized, with a ratio between the TE- and TM-polarized intensities exceeding 30. In addition, the nanopatterned devices dissolve in water within less than 2 min. These results demonstrate the possibility of realizing various physically transient nanophotonics and laser architectures, including random lasing and nanoimprinted devices, based on natural biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Camposeo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Pompilio Del Carro
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luana Persano
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Konrad Cyprych
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szukalski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lech Sznitko
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Mysliwiec
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dario Pisignano
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Address correspondence to ,
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478
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Annabi N, Tamayol A, Shin SR, Ghaemmaghami AM, Peppas NA, Khademhosseini A. Surgical Materials: Current Challenges and Nano-enabled Solutions. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:574-589. [PMID: 25530795 PMCID: PMC4266934 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surgical adhesive biomaterials have emerged as substitutes to sutures and staples in many clinical applications. Nano-enabled materials containing nanoparticles or having a distinct nanotopography have been utilized for generation of a new class of surgical materials with enhanced functionality. In this review, the state of the art in the development of conventional surgical adhesive biomaterials is critically reviewed and their shortcomings are outlined. Recent advancements in generation of nano-enabled surgical materials with their potential future applications are discussed. This review will open new avenues for the innovative development of the next generation of tissue adhesives, hemostats, and sealants with enhanced functionality for various surgical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Annabi
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA ; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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479
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Edwards C, Zhou R, Hwang SW, McKeown SJ, Wang K, Bhaduri B, Ganti R, Yunker PJ, Yodh AG, Rogers JA, Goddard LL, Popescu G. Diffraction phase microscopy: monitoring nanoscale dynamics in materials science [invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:G33-43. [PMID: 25322136 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000g33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) utilizes the fact that the phase of an imaging field is much more sensitive than its amplitude. As fields from the source interact with the specimen, local variations in the phase front are produced, which provide structural information about the sample and can be used to reconstruct its topography with nanometer accuracy. QPI techniques do not require staining or coating of the specimen and are therefore nondestructive. Diffraction phase microscopy (DPM) combines many of the best attributes of current QPI methods; its compact configuration uses a common-path off-axis geometry which realizes the benefits of both low noise and single-shot imaging. This unique collection of features enables the DPM system to monitor, at the nanoscale, a wide variety of phenomena in their natural environments. Over the past decade, QPI techniques have become ubiquitous in biological studies and a recent effort has been made to extend QPI to materials science applications. We briefly review several recent studies which include real-time monitoring of wet etching, photochemical etching, surface wetting and evaporation, dissolution of biodegradable electronic materials, and the expansion and deformation of thin-films. We also discuss recent advances in semiconductor wafer defect detection using QPI.
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480
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Najafabadi AH, Tamayol A, Annabi N, Ochoa M, Mostafalu P, Akbari M, Nikkhah M, Rahimi R, Dokmeci MR, Sonkusale S, Ziaie B, Khademhosseini A. Biodegradable nanofibrous polymeric substrates for generating elastic and flexible electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5823-30. [PMID: 25044366 PMCID: PMC4387132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable nanofibrous polymeric substrates are used to fabricate suturable, elastic, and flexible electronics and sensors. The fibrous microstructure of the substrate makes it permeable to gas and liquid and facilitates the patterning process. As a proof-of-principle, temperature and strain sensors are fabricated on this elastic substrate and tested in vitro. The proposed system can be implemented in the field of bioresorbable electronics and the emerging area of smart wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 1587-4413, Iran
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Manuel Ochoa
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Pooria Mostafalu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Babak Ziaie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomaterials Innovation, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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481
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Kim J, Kim HN, Lang Y, Pandit A. Biologically Inspired Micro- and Nanoengineering Systems for Functional and Complex Tissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2127-30. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yvonne Lang
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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482
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Kim J, Lee M, Rhim JS, Wang P, Lu N, Kim DH. Next-generation flexible neural and cardiac electrode arrays. Biomed Eng Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-014-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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483
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Malachowski K, Jamal M, Jin Q, Polat B, Morris C, Gracias DH. Self-folding single cell grippers. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4164-70. [PMID: 24937214 PMCID: PMC4096189 DOI: 10.1021/nl500136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the heterogeneous nature of cultures, tumors, and tissues, the ability to capture, contain, and analyze single cells is important for genomics, proteomics, diagnostics, therapeutics, and surgery. Moreover, for surgical applications in small conduits in the body such as in the cardiovascular system, there is a need for tiny tools that approach the size of the single red blood cells that traverse the blood vessels and capillaries. We describe the fabrication of arrayed or untethered single cell grippers composed of biocompatible and bioresorbable silicon monoxide and silicon dioxide. The energy required to actuate these grippers is derived from the release of residual stress in 3-27 nm thick films, did not require any wires, tethers, or batteries, and resulted in folding angles over 100° with folding radii as small as 765 nm. We developed and applied a finite element model to predict these folding angles. Finally, we demonstrated the capture of live mouse fibroblast cells in an array of grippers and individual red blood cells in untethered grippers which could be released from the substrate to illustrate the potential utility for in vivo operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Malachowski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Mustapha Jamal
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Qianru Jin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Beril Polat
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
| | - Christopher
J. Morris
- United
States Army Research Laboratory, Sensors
and Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United
States
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484
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Nagashima K, Koga H, Celano U, Zhuge F, Kanai M, Rahong S, Meng G, He Y, De Boeck J, Jurczak M, Vandervorst W, Kitaoka T, Nogi M, Yanagida T. Cellulose nanofiber paper as an ultra flexible nonvolatile memory. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5532. [PMID: 24985164 PMCID: PMC4078308 DOI: 10.1038/srep05532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
On the development of flexible electronics, a highly flexible nonvolatile memory, which is an important circuit component for the portability, is necessary. However, the flexibility of existing nonvolatile memory has been limited, e.g. the smallest radius into which can be bent has been millimeters range, due to the difficulty in maintaining memory properties while bending. Here we propose the ultra flexible resistive nonvolatile memory using Ag-decorated cellulose nanofiber paper (CNP). The Ag-decorated CNP devices showed the stable nonvolatile memory effects with 6 orders of ON/OFF resistance ratio and the small standard deviation of switching voltage distribution. The memory performance of CNP devices can be maintained without any degradation when being bent down to the radius of 350 μm, which is the smallest value compared to those of existing any flexible nonvolatile memories. Thus the present device using abundant and mechanically flexible CNP offers a highly flexible nonvolatile memory for portable flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagashima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Umberto Celano
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy (IKS), Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fuwei Zhuge
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Sakon Rahong
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Gang Meng
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yong He
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jo De Boeck
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | | | - Wilfried Vandervorst
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy (IKS), Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Takuya Kitaoka
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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485
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Hwang SW, Park G, Edwards C, Corbin EA, Kang SK, Cheng H, Song JK, Kim JH, Yu S, Ng J, Lee JE, Kim J, Yee C, Bhaduri B, Su Y, Omennetto FG, Huang Y, Bashir R, Goddard L, Popescu G, Lee KM, Rogers JA. Dissolution chemistry and biocompatibility of single-crystalline silicon nanomembranes and associated materials for transient electronics. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5843-51. [PMID: 24684516 DOI: 10.1021/nn500847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline silicon nanomembranes (Si NMs) represent a critically important class of material for high-performance forms of electronics that are capable of complete, controlled dissolution when immersed in water and/or biofluids, sometimes referred to as a type of "transient" electronics. The results reported here include the kinetics of hydrolysis of Si NMs in biofluids and various aqueous solutions through a range of relevant pH values, ionic concentrations and temperatures, and dependence on dopant types and concentrations. In vitro and in vivo investigations of Si NMs and other transient electronic materials demonstrate biocompatibility and bioresorption, thereby suggesting potential for envisioned applications in active, biodegradable electronic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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486
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Abstract
Microelectronics dominates the technological and commercial landscape of today's electronics industry; ultrahigh density integrated circuits on rigid silicon provide the computing power for smart appliances that help us organize our daily lives. Integrated circuits function flawlessly for decades, yet we like to replace smart phones and tablet computers every year. Disposable electronics, built to disappear in a controlled fashion after the intended lifespan, may be one of the potential applications of transient single-crystalline silicon nanomembranes, reported by Hwang et al. in this issue of ACS Nano. We briefly outline the development of this latest branch of electronics research, and we present some prospects for future developments. Electronics is steadily evolving, and 20 years from now we may find it perfectly normal for smart appliances to be embedded everywhere, on textiles, on our skin, and even in our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Bauer
- Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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487
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Bressner JE, Marelli B, Qin G, Klinker LE, Zhang Y, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Rapid fabrication of silk films with controlled architectures via electrogelation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4983-4987. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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488
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Facile strain analysis of largely bending films by a surface-labelled grating method. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5377. [PMID: 24948462 PMCID: PMC4064356 DOI: 10.1038/srep05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of flexible films, for example surface strain of largely bending films, are key to design of stretchable electronic devices, wearable biointegrated devices, and soft microactuators/robots. However, existing methods are mainly based on strain-gauge measurements that require miniaturized array sensors, lead wires, and complicated calibrations. Here we introduce a facile method, based on surface-labelled gratings, for two-dimensional evaluation of surface strains in largely bending films. With this technique, we demonstrate that soft-matter mechanics can be distinct from the mechanics of hard materials. In particular, liquid-crystalline elastomers may undergo unconventional bending in three dimensions, in which both the inner and outer surfaces of the bending film are compressed. We also show that this method can be applied to amorphous elastomeric films, which highlights the general importance of this new mechanical evaluation tool in designing soft-matter-based electronic/photonic as well as biointegrated materials.
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489
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Hwang SW, Song JK, Huang X, Cheng H, Kang SK, Kim BH, Kim JH, Yu S, Huang Y, Rogers JA. High-performance biodegradable/transient electronics on biodegradable polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3905-3911. [PMID: 24692101 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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490
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Yin L, Huang X, Xu H, Zhang Y, Lam J, Cheng J, Rogers JA. Materials, designs, and operational characteristics for fully biodegradable primary batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3879-84. [PMID: 24652717 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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491
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Hwang SW, Song JK, Huang X, Cheng H, Kang SK, Kim BH, Kim JH, Yu S, Huang Y, Rogers JA. High-performance biodegradable/transient electronics on biodegradable polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3905-3911. [PMID: 24692101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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492
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Campana A, Cramer T, Simon DT, Berggren M, Biscarini F. Electrocardiographic recording with conformable organic electrochemical transistor fabricated on resorbable bioscaffold. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3874-3878. [PMID: 24644020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Campana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali, Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via F. Selmi 2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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493
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Chen Y, Li M. Integrated silicon and silicon nitride photonic circuits on flexible substrates. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3449-3452. [PMID: 24978508 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible integrated photonic devices based on crystalline materials on plastic substrates have a promising potential in many unconventional applications. In this Letter, we demonstrate a fully integrated photonic system including ring resonators and grating couplers, based on both crystalline silicon and silicon nitride, on flexible plastic substrate by using the stamping-transfer method. A high yield has been achieved by a simple, yet reliable transfer method without significant performance degradation.
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494
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Yun YS, Cho SY, Jin HJ. Carbon aerogels based on regenerated silk proteins and graphene oxide for supercapacitors. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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495
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Abstract
The ability to implant electronic systems in the human body has led to many medical advances. Progress in semiconductor technology paved the way for devices at the scale of a millimeter or less ("microimplants"), but the miniaturization of the power source remains challenging. Although wireless powering has been demonstrated, energy transfer beyond superficial depths in tissue has so far been limited by large coils (at least a centimeter in diameter) unsuitable for a microimplant. Here, we show that this limitation can be overcome by a method, termed midfield powering, to create a high-energy density region deep in tissue inside of which the power-harvesting structure can be made extremely small. Unlike conventional near-field (inductively coupled) coils, for which coupling is limited by exponential field decay, a patterned metal plate is used to induce spatially confined and adaptive energy transport through propagating modes in tissue. We use this method to power a microimplant (2 mm, 70 mg) capable of closed-chest wireless control of the heart that is orders of magnitude smaller than conventional pacemakers. With exposure levels below human safety thresholds, milliwatt levels of power can be transferred to a deep-tissue (>5 cm) microimplant for both complex electronic function and physiological stimulation. The approach developed here should enable new generations of implantable systems that can be integrated into the body at minimal cost and risk.
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496
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Zimmerman J, Parameswaran R, Tian B. Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices as New Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:619-626. [PMID: 27213041 PMCID: PMC4874554 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on nanoscale semiconductor devices will elicit a novel understanding of biological systems. First, we discuss why it is necessary to build interfaces between cells and semiconductor nanoelectronics. Second, we describe some recent molecular biophysics studies with nanowire field effect transistor sensors. Third, we present the use of nanowire transistors as electrical recording devices that can be integrated into synthetic tissues and targeted intra- or extracellularly to study single cells. Lastly, we discuss future directions and challenges in further developing this area of research, which will advance biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Ramya Parameswaran
- Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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497
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Chen AY, Deng Z, Billings AN, Seker UO, Lu MY, Citorik RJ, Zakeri B, Lu TK. Synthesis and patterning of tunable multiscale materials with engineered cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:515-23. [PMID: 24658114 PMCID: PMC4063449 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many natural biological systems--such as biofilms, shells and skeletal tissues--are able to assemble multifunctional and environmentally responsive multiscale assemblies of living and non-living components. Here, by using inducible genetic circuits and cellular communication circuits to regulate Escherichia coli curli amyloid production, we show that E. coli cells can organize self-assembling amyloid fibrils across multiple length scales, producing amyloid-based materials that are either externally controllable or undergo autonomous patterning. We also interfaced curli fibrils with inorganic materials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and quantum dots (QDs), and used these capabilities to create an environmentally responsive biofilm-based electrical switch, produce gold nanowires and nanorods, co-localize AuNPs with CdTe/CdS QDs to modulate QD fluorescence lifetimes, and nucleate the formation of fluorescent ZnS QDs. This work lays a foundation for synthesizing, patterning, and controlling functional composite materials with engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y. Chen
- Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
02138, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for
Medical Engineering and Science, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
| | - Zhengtao Deng
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Amanda N. Billings
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Urartu O.S. Seker
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert J. Citorik
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- MIT Microbiology Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Bijan Zakeri
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy K. Lu
- Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
02138, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- MIT Microbiology Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge MA 02139, USA
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498
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Hwang SW, Park G, Cheng H, Song JK, Kang SK, Yin L, Kim JH, Omenetto FG, Huang Y, Lee KM, Rogers JA. 25th anniversary article: materials for high-performance biodegradable semiconductor devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1992-2000. [PMID: 24677058 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We review recent progress in a class of silicon-based electronics that is capable of complete, controlled dissolution when immersed in water or bio-fluids. This type of technology, referred to in a broader sense as transient electronics, has potential applications in resorbable biomedical devices, eco-friendly electronics, environmental sensors, secure hardware systems and others. New results reported here include studies of the kinetics of hydrolysis of nanomembranes of single crystalline silicon in bio-fluids and aqueous solutions at various pH levels and temperatures. Evaluations of toxicity using live animal models and test coupons of transient electronic materials provide some evidence of their biocompatibility, thereby suggesting potential for use in bioresorbable electronic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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499
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500
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Zhou W, Dai X, Fu TM, Xie C, Liu J, Lieber CM. Long term stability of nanowire nanoelectronics in physiological environments. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1614-9. [PMID: 24479700 PMCID: PMC3960854 DOI: 10.1021/nl500070h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire nanoelectronic devices have been exploited as highly sensitive subcellular resolution detectors for recording extracellular and intracellular signals from cells, as well as from natural and engineered/cyborg tissues, and in this capacity open many opportunities for fundamental biological research and biomedical applications. Here we demonstrate the capability to take full advantage of the attractive capabilities of nanowire nanoelectronic devices for long term physiological studies by passivating the nanowire elements with ultrathin metal oxide shells. Studies of Si and Si/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) core/shell nanowires in physiological solutions at 37 °C demonstrate long-term stability extending for at least 100 days in samples coated with 10 nm thick Al2O3 shells. In addition, investigations of nanowires configured as field-effect transistors (FETs) demonstrate that the Si/Al2O3 core/shell nanowire FETs exhibit good device performance for at least 4 months in physiological model solutions at 37 °C. The generality of this approach was also tested with in studies of Ge/Si and InAs nanowires, where Ge/Si/Al2O3 and InAs/Al2O3 core/shell materials exhibited stability for at least 100 days in physiological model solutions at 37 °C. In addition, investigations of hafnium oxide-Al2O3 nanolaminated shells indicate the potential to extend nanowire stability well beyond 1 year time scale in vivo. These studies demonstrate that straightforward core/shell nanowire nanoelectronic devices can exhibit the long term stability needed for a range of chronic in vivo studies in animals as well as powerful biomedical implants that could improve monitoring and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering
and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- E-mail:
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