451
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Pirinen E, Cantó C, Jo YS, Morato L, Zhang H, Menzies KJ, Williams EG, Mouchiroud L, Moullan N, Hagberg C, Li W, Timmers S, Imhof R, Verbeek J, Pujol A, van Loon B, Viscomi C, Zeviani M, Schrauwen P, Sauve AA, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Pharmacological Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases improves fitness and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Cell Metab 2014; 19:1034-41. [PMID: 24814482 PMCID: PMC4047186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the deletion of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (Parp)-1 gene in mice enhances oxidative metabolism, thereby protecting against diet-induced obesity. However, the therapeutic use of PARP inhibitors to enhance mitochondrial function remains to be explored. Here, we show tight negative correlation between Parp-1 expression and energy expenditure in heterogeneous mouse populations, indicating that variations in PARP-1 activity have an impact on metabolic homeostasis. Notably, these genetic correlations can be translated into pharmacological applications. Long-term treatment with PARP inhibitors enhances fitness in mice by increasing the abundance of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and boosting mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Furthermore, PARP inhibitors reverse mitochondrial defects in primary myotubes of obese humans and attenuate genetic defects of mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and C. elegans. Overall, our work validates in worm, mouse, and human models that PARP inhibition may be used to treat both genetic and acquired muscle dysfunction linked to defective mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmanninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laia Morato
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08908 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII U759, Spain
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evan G Williams
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mouchiroud
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Hagberg
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Silvie Timmers
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Imhof
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08908 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII U759, Spain
| | - Barbara van Loon
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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452
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Cerutti R, Pirinen E, Lamperti C, Marchet S, Sauve AA, Li W, Leoni V, Schon EA, Dantzer F, Auwerx J, Viscomi C, Zeviani M. NAD(+)-dependent activation of Sirt1 corrects the phenotype in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. Cell Metab 2014; 19:1042-9. [PMID: 24814483 PMCID: PMC4051987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are highly heterogeneous conditions characterized by defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Pharmacological activation of mitochondrial biogenesis has been proposed as an effective means to correct the biochemical defects and ameliorate the clinical phenotype in these severely disabling, often fatal, disorders. Pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis are targets of Sirtuin1, a NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase. As NAD(+) boosts the activity of Sirtuin1 and other sirtuins, intracellular levels of NAD(+) play a key role in the homeostatic control of mitochondrial function by the metabolic status of the cell. We show here that supplementation with nicotinamide riboside, a natural NAD(+) precursor, or reduction of NAD(+) consumption by inhibiting the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, leads to marked improvement of the respiratory chain defect and exercise intolerance of the Sco2 knockout/knockin mouse, a mitochondrial disease model characterized by impaired cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis. This strategy is potentially translatable into therapy of mitochondrial disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cerutti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy; MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland; Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchet
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy; MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy; MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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453
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Keith D, Finlay L, Butler J, Gómez L, Smith E, Moreau R, Hagen T. Lipoic acid entrains the hepatic circadian clock and lipid metabolic proteins that have been desynchronized with advanced age. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:324-9. [PMID: 24944020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that lipid metabolism is controlled, in part, by circadian clocks. However, circadian clocks lose temporal precision with age and correlates with elevated incidence in dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in older adults. Because our lab has shown that lipoic acid (LA) improves lipid homeostasis in aged animals, we hypothesized that LA affects the circadian clock to achieve these results. We fed 24 month old male F344 rats a diet supplemented with 0.2% (w/w) LA for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice and quantified hepatic circadian clock protein levels and clock-controlled lipid metabolic enzymes. LA treatment caused a significant phase-shift in the expression patterns of the circadian clock proteins Period (Per) 2, Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like1 (BMAL1), and Reverse Erythroblastosis virus (Rev-erb) β without altering the amplitude of protein levels during the light phase of the day. LA also significantly altered the oscillatory patterns of clock-controlled proteins associated with lipid metabolism. The level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α was significantly increased and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were both significantly reduced, suggesting that the LA-supplemented aged animals are in a catabolic state. We conclude that LA remediates some of the dyslipidemic processes associated with advanced age, and this mechanism may be at least partially through entrainment of circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dove Keith
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Liam Finlay
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Judy Butler
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Luis Gómez
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States; Biochemistry Biophysics Department, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Eric Smith
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States; Biochemistry Biophysics Department, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Régis Moreau
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Tory Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States; Biochemistry Biophysics Department, Oregon State University, United States.
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454
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Acute intermittent porphyria causes hepatic mitochondrial energetic failure in a mouse model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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455
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Colwell
- Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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456
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Skoge RH, Dölle C, Ziegler M. Regulation of SIRT2-dependent α-tubulin deacetylation by cellular NAD levels. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:33-8. [PMID: 24814981 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of α-tubulin on lysine 40 is one of the major posttranslational modifications of microtubules. The acetylation reaction is catalyzed by alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase and the modification can be reversed by either the NAD-independent class II histone deacetylase HDAC6 or the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT2. In this study, we assessed to what extent cellular NAD levels are involved in the regulation of the α-tubulin acetylation state. Cells were subjected to different treatments known to influence cellular NAD content. In response to NAD depletion caused by inhibition of NAD synthesis from nicotinamide, α-tubulin was hyperacetylated. Under these conditions, the normal tubulin acetylation state could be restored by providing the cells with alternative NAD precursors. Likewise, decreasing the rate of endogenous NAD consumption using an inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribosylation also stabilized the acetylation of α-tubulin. Conversely, the level of acetylated α-tubulin decreased when NAD synthesis was enhanced by overexpression of an NAD biosynthetic enzyme. Combined, these results show that the tubulin acetylation status is reciprocally regulated by cellular NAD levels. Furthermore, we provide evidence confirming that the NAD-dependent regulation of tubulin acetylation is mediated by SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Hvidsten Skoge
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Postbox 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Dölle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Postbox 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Postbox 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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457
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Muehsam D, Ventura C. Life rhythm as a symphony of oscillatory patterns: electromagnetic energy and sound vibration modulates gene expression for biological signaling and healing. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:40-55. [PMID: 24808981 PMCID: PMC4010966 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Muehsam
- Visual Institute of Developmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy (Dr Muehsam)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Visual Institute of Developmental Sciences, Bologna; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna (Dr Ventura), Italy
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458
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Silver R, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian rhythms have broad implications for understanding brain and behavior. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1866-80. [PMID: 24799154 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by an endogenously organized timing system that drives daily rhythms in behavior, physiology and metabolism. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the locus of a master circadian clock. The SCN is synchronized to environmental changes in the light:dark cycle by direct, monosynaptic innervation via the retino-hypothalamic tract. In turn, the SCN coordinates the rhythmic activities of innumerable subordinate clocks in virtually all bodily tissues and organs. The core molecular clockwork is composed of a transcriptional/post-translational feedback loop in which clock genes and their protein products periodically suppress their own transcription. This primary loop connects to downstream output genes by additional, interlocked transcriptional feedback loops to create tissue-specific 'circadian transcriptomes'. Signals from peripheral tissues inform the SCN of the internal state of the organism and the brain's master clock is modified accordingly. A consequence of this hierarchical, multilevel feedback system is that there are ubiquitous effects of circadian timing on genetic and metabolic responses throughout the body. This overview examines landmark studies in the history of the study of circadian timing system, and highlights our current understanding of the operation of circadian clocks with a focus on topics of interest to the neuroscience community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, Mail Code 5501, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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459
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The evolving role of the NAD+/nicotinamide metabolome in skin homeostasis, cellular bioenergetics, and aging. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:59-63. [PMID: 24794404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to daily environmental insults, particularly solar radiation, that triggers a range of molecular responses. These perturbations to the normal homeostatic state can lead to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, impacts tissue integrity and accelerates skin aging (photoaging). One of the responses is increased oxidative stress which has been shown to disrupt cellular bioenergetics. This can be detected by depletion of the nucleotide energy metabolites NAD+ and ATP as both an acute transient decrease and, over time, a more permanent chronic reduction due in part to cumulative damage of mitochondria. NAD+ and its primary precursor nicotinamide have been known for some time to impact skin homeostasis based on linkages to dietary requirements, treatment of various inflammatory conditions, photoaging, and prevention of cancer. Cellular NAD+ pools are known to be lower in aged skin and treatment with nicotinamide is hypothesized to restore these levels, thereby mitigating cellular bioenergetics dysfunction. In dermal fibroblasts, nicotinamide is able to protect against oxidative stress to glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation as well as increase mitochondrial efficiency via sirtuin-dependent selective mitophagy. Recent research has found that NAD+ cellular pools are more dynamic than previously thought, oscillating in tandem with free nicotinamide, and serves as a regulatory point and feedback loop in cellular metabolism regulation, maintenance of mitochondrial efficiency, and circadian rhythmicity. Since UV-induced oxidative stress in skin can disrupt these processes, continued molecular understanding of the role of NAD+ and nicotinamide in skin biology is important to identify interventions that would help maintain its normal homeostatic functions and efficient cellular bioenergetics.
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460
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Imai SI, Guarente L. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:464-71. [PMID: 24786309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 880] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a classical coenzyme mediating many redox reactions. NAD(+) also plays an important role in the regulation of NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, including sirtuins, poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), and CD38/157 ectoenzymes. NAD(+) biosynthesis, particularly mediated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and SIRT1 function together to regulate metabolism and circadian rhythm. NAD(+) levels decline during the aging process and may be an Achilles' heel, causing defects in nuclear and mitochondrial functions and resulting in many age-associated pathologies. Restoring NAD(+) by supplementing NAD(+) intermediates can dramatically ameliorate these age-associated functional defects, counteracting many diseases of aging, including neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the combination of sirtuin activation and NAD(+) intermediate supplementation may be an effective antiaging intervention, providing hope to aging societies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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461
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Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases that have traditionally been linked with calorie restriction and aging in mammals. These proteins also play an important role in maintaining neuronal health during aging. During neuronal development, the SIR2 ortholog SIRT1 is structurally important, promoting axonal elongation, neurite outgrowth, and dendritic branching. This sirtuin also plays a role in memory formation by modulating synaptic plasticity. Hypothalamic functions that affect feeding behavior, endocrine function, and circadian rhythmicity are all regulated by SIRT1. Finally, SIRT1 plays protective roles in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neuron diseases, which may relate to its functions in metabolism, stress resistance, and genomic stability. Drugs that activate SIRT1 may offer a promising approach to treat these disorders.
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462
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Tigges J, Krutmann J, Fritsche E, Haendeler J, Schaal H, Fischer JW, Kalfalah F, Reinke H, Reifenberger G, Stühler K, Ventura N, Gundermann S, Boukamp P, Boege F. The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 138:26-44. [PMID: 24686308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is influenced by the intrinsic disposition delineating what is maximally possible and extrinsic factors determining how that frame is individually exploited. Intrinsic and extrinsic ageing processes act on the dermis, a post-mitotic skin compartment mainly consisting of extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts are long-lived cells constantly undergoing damage accumulation and (mal-)adaptation, thus constituting a powerful indicator system for human ageing. Here, we use the systematic of ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing (Lopez-Otin et al., 2013, Cell 153) to categorise the available knowledge regarding dermal fibroblast ageing. We discriminate processes inducible in culture from phenomena apparent in skin biopsies or primary cells from old donors, coming to the following conclusions: (i) Fibroblasts aged in culture exhibit most of the established, ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (ii) Not all of these hallmarks have been detected or investigated in fibroblasts aged in situ (in the skin). (iii) Dermal fibroblasts aged in vitro and in vivo exhibit additional features currently not considered ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (iv) The ageing process of dermal fibroblasts in their physiological tissue environment has only been partially elucidated, although these cells have been a preferred model of cell ageing in vitro for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tigges
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Center for Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Faiza Kalfalah
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Reinke
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Centre for Biological and Medical Research (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Petra Boukamp
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Boege
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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463
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Pekovic-Vaughan V, Gibbs J, Yoshitane H, Yang N, Pathiranage D, Guo B, Sagami A, Taguchi K, Bechtold D, Loudon A, Yamamoto M, Chan J, van der Horst GT, Fukada Y, Meng QJ. The circadian clock regulates rhythmic activation of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway to modulate pulmonary fibrosis. Genes Dev 2014; 28:548-60. [PMID: 24637114 PMCID: PMC3967045 DOI: 10.1101/gad.237081.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2)/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway is a critical step in the pathogenesis of several chronic pulmonary diseases and cancer. While the mechanism of NRF2 activation upon oxidative stress has been widely investigated, little is known about the endogenous signals that regulate the NRF2 pathway in lung physiology and pathology. Here we show that an E-box-mediated circadian rhythm of NRF2 protein is essential in regulating the rhythmic expression of antioxidant genes involved in glutathione redox homeostasis in the mouse lung. Using an in vivo bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, we reveal a clock "gated" pulmonary response to oxidative injury, with a more severe fibrotic effect when bleomycin was applied at a circadian nadir in NRF2 levels. Timed administration of sulforaphane, an NRF2 activator, significantly blocked this phenotype. Moreover, in the lungs of the arrhythmic Clock(Δ19) mice, the levels of NRF2 and the reduced glutathione are constitutively low, associated with increased protein oxidative damage and a spontaneous fibrotic-like pulmonary phenotype. Our findings reveal a pivotal role for the circadian control of the NRF2/glutathione pathway in combating oxidative/fibrotic lung damage, which might prompt new chronotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of human lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Gibbs
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nan Yang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Dharshika Pathiranage
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Aya Sagami
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - David Bechtold
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jefferson Chan
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gijsbertus T.J. van der Horst
- Department of Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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464
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Genome-wide analysis of SREBP1 activity around the clock reveals its combined dependency on nutrient and circadian signals. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004155. [PMID: 24603613 PMCID: PMC3945117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clock allows them to anticipate and adapt physiology around the 24 hours. Conversely, metabolism and food consumption regulate the internal clock, pointing the existence of an intricate relationship between nutrient state and circadian homeostasis that is far from being understood. The Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1) is a key regulator of lipid homeostasis. Hepatic SREBP1 function is influenced by the nutrient-response cycle, but also by the circadian machinery. To systematically understand how the interplay of circadian clock and nutrient-driven rhythm regulates SREBP1 activity, we evaluated the genome-wide binding of SREBP1 to its targets throughout the day in C57BL/6 mice. The recruitment of SREBP1 to the DNA showed a highly circadian behaviour, with a maximum during the fed status. However, the temporal expression of SREBP1 targets was not always synchronized with its binding pattern. In particular, different expression phases were observed for SREBP1 target genes depending on their function, suggesting the involvement of other transcription factors in their regulation. Binding sites for Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 (HNF4) were specifically enriched in the close proximity of SREBP1 peaks of genes, whose expression was shifted by about 8 hours with respect to SREBP1 binding. Thus, the cross-talk between hepatic HNF4 and SREBP1 may underlie the expression timing of this subgroup of SREBP1 targets. Interestingly, the proper temporal expression profile of these genes was dramatically changed in Bmal1−/− mice upon time-restricted feeding, for which a rhythmic, but slightly delayed, binding of SREBP1 was maintained. Collectively, our results show that besides the nutrient-driven regulation of SREBP1 nuclear translocation, a second layer of modulation of SREBP1 transcriptional activity, strongly dependent from the circadian clock, exists. This system allows us to fine tune the expression timing of SREBP1 target genes, thus helping to temporally separate the different physiological processes in which these genes are involved. Circadian rhythmicity is part of our innate behavior and controls many physiological processes, such as sleeping and waking, activity, neurotransmitter production and a number of metabolic pathways. In mammals, the central circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamus is entrained on a daily basis by environmental cues (i.e. light), thus setting the period length and synchronizing the rhythms of all cells in the body. In the last decades, numerous investigations have highlighted the importance of the internal timekeeping mechanism for maintenance of organism health and longevity. Indeed, the reciprocal regulation of circadian clock and metabolism is now commonly accepted, although still poorly understood at the molecular level. Our global analysis of DNA binding along the day of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1), a key regulator of lipid biosynthesis, represents the first tool to comprehensively explore how its activity is connected to circadian-driven regulatory events. We show that the regulation of SREBP1 action by nutrients relies mainly on the control of its subcellular localization, while the circadian clock influences the promoter specific activity of SREBP1 within the nucleus. Furthermore, we identify the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 (HNF4) as a putative player in the cross-talk between molecular clock and metabolic regulation.
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465
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Tsvetkov P, Myers N, Eliav R, Adamovich Y, Hagai T, Adler J, Navon A, Shaul Y. NADH binds and stabilizes the 26S proteasomes independent of ATP. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11272-11281. [PMID: 24596095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the end point of the ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent degradation pathway. The 26S proteasome complex (26S PC) integrity and function has been shown to be highly dependent on ATP and its homolog nucleotides. We report here that the redox molecule NADH binds the 26S PC and is sufficient in maintaining 26S PC integrity even in the absence of ATP. Five of the 19S proteasome complex subunits contain a putative NADH binding motif (GxGxxG) including the AAA-ATPase subunit, Psmc1 (Rpt2). We demonstrate that recombinant Psmc1 binds NADH via the GxGxxG motif. Introducing the ΔGxGxxG Psmc1 mutant into cells results in reduced NADH-stabilized 26S proteasomes and decreased viability following redox stress induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone. The newly identified NADH binding of 26S proteasomes advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein degradation and highlights a new link between protein homeostasis and the cellular metabolic/redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tsvetkov
- Departments of Molecular Genetics Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Nadav Myers
- Departments of Molecular Genetics Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Raz Eliav
- Departments of Molecular Genetics Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Tzachi Hagai
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Julia Adler
- Departments of Molecular Genetics Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ami Navon
- Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and
| | - Yosef Shaul
- Departments of Molecular Genetics Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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466
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Chang HC, Guarente L. SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:138-45. [PMID: 24388149 PMCID: PMC3943707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins such as SIRT1 are conserved protein NAD(+)-dependent deacylases and thus their function is intrinsically linked to cellular metabolism. Over the past two decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are not only important energy status sensors but also protect cells against metabolic stresses. Sirtuins regulate the aging process and are themselves regulated by diet and environmental stress. The versatile functions of sirtuins including, more specifically, SIRT1 are supported by their diverse cellular location allowing cells to sense changes in energy levels in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. SIRT1 plays a critical role in metabolic health by deacetylating many target proteins in numerous tissues, including liver, muscle, adipose tissue, heart, and endothelium. This sirtuin also exerts important systemic effects via the hypothalamus. This review will cover these topics and suggest that strategies to maintain sirtuin activity may be on the horizon to forestall diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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467
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Hill
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, KY
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468
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Adler EM. A mitochondrial medley. J Gen Physiol 2014; 143:1-2. [PMID: 24378900 PMCID: PMC3874567 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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469
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Auburger G, Gispert S, Jendrach M. Mitochondrial acetylation and genetic models of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 127:155-82. [PMID: 25149217 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394625-6.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequent at old age, leading to atrophy of specific neurons and to early death. Lifespan and healthy aging of organisms depend on growth factor/nutrient signaling and on bioenergetics via mitochondria, all of which regulate downstream nuclear functions through FOXO and SIR proteins. Mammalian SIRtuins include the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3, and recently mitochondrial lysine acetylation (AcLys) was found to initiate mitochondrial degradation by autophagy. This mitophagy process is closely regulated by PINK1 and Parkin, two interacting proteins which relocalize to mitochondria with deficient proton gradients, and whose mutations cause autosomal recessive variants of PD. Strong generalized deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins and altered SIRT3 levels occur in rodent models of PD before the onset of toxic aggregate formation. We propose that the development of site-specific AcLys-antibodies and their characterization in patients will have medical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Jendrach
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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470
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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