451
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Iqbal MA, Islam A, Hossain MF, Khanum S, Rashid M. Analyzing Nootropic Effect of <i>Phyllanthus reticulatus</i> Poir. on Cognitive Functions, Brain Antioxidant Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity against Aluminium-Induced Alzheimer’s Model in Rats: Applicable for Controlling the Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2016.53007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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452
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Abstract
Dementias are among the most common neurological disorders, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. AD remains a looming health crisis despite great efforts to learn the mechanisms surrounding the neuron dysfunction and neurodegeneration that accompanies AD primarily in the medial temporal lobe. In addition to AD, a group of diseases known as frontotemporal dementias (FTDs) are degenerative diseases involving atrophy and degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobe regions. Importantly, AD and a number of FTDs are collectively known as tauopathies due to the abundant accumulation of pathological tau inclusions in the brain. The precise role tau plays in disease pathogenesis remains an area of strong research focus. A critical component to effectively study any human disease is the availability of models that recapitulate key features of the disease. Accordingly, a number of animal models are currently being pursued to fill the current gaps in our knowledge of the causes of dementias and to develop effective therapeutics. Recent developments in gene therapy-based approaches, particularly in recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), have provided new tools to study AD and other related neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, gene therapy approaches have emerged as an intriguing possibility for treating these diseases in humans. This chapter explores the current state of rAAV models of AD and other dementias, discuss recent efforts to improve these models, and describe current and future possibilities in the use of rAAVs and other viruses in treatments of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Combs
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Andrew Kneynsberg
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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453
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Abstract
Worldwide, the number of cancer cases is increasing. Typically, they are treated by either surgery or chemotherapy. However, these treatments may be undesirable in elderly patients or those who are under medication with antiplatelet drugs. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a potentially attractive treatment option for these types of patients, since it does not involve surgery and has considerably reduced side effects compared to chemotherapy. Porphyrin, one of the most commonly used photosensitizers, has the convenient property of cancer-specific accumulation and therefore, is commonly used in PDT. However, the mechanism by which this cancer-specific accumulation occurs remains unclear. We previously reported that a heme-transport protein, HCP1, was capable of transporting porphyrin compounds. HCP1 expression is associated with increased hypoxia, although the detailed mechanism by which this regulation occurs is also unknown. Here, we review available data on the mechanism of regulation of HCP1 expression through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitROS). Specifically, cancer cells show increased expression of HCP1 compared to normal cells and this over-expression is reduced in cancer cells over-expressing the mitROS scavenging enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Thus we conclude that mitROS is involved in regulating HCP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Ito
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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454
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Kim JY, Lee HK, Jang JY, Yoo JK, Seong YH. Ilex latifolia Prevents Amyloid β Protein (25-35)-Induced Memory Impairment by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Tau Phosphorylation in Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1317-26. [PMID: 26291170 PMCID: PMC4685495 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex latifolia Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), a Chinese bitter tea called "kudingcha," has been widely consumed as a health beverage and found to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract of I. latifolia against amyloid β protein (Aβ)-induced memory impairment in mice and neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Memory impairment in mice was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 15 nmol Aβ (25-35) and measured by the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. Chronic administration of I. latifolia (25-100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevented Aβ (25-35)-induced memory loss. I. latifolia also prevented the decrease of glutathione concentrations, increased lipid peroxidation, expression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and changes in apoptosis-associated proteins in the memory-impaired mouse brain. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 10 μM Aβ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. The neuronal cell death, elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species, and expression of proapoptotic proteins caused by Aβ (25-35) in the cultured neurons were inhibited by treatment with I. latifolia (1-50 μg/mL). These results suggest that I. latifolia may have a possible therapeutic role in managing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism might involve the antiapoptotic effects mediated by antioxidant activity and inhibition of p-tau formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Youn Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Yeon Hee Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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455
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Kanninen KM, Pomeshchik Y, Leinonen H, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Levonen AL. Applications of the Keap1-Nrf2 system for gene and cell therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:350-361. [PMID: 26164630 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role in a number of acute and chronic diseases including acute injuries of the central nervous system, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The redox-activated transcription factor Nrf2 has been shown to protect many different cell types and organs from a variety of toxic insults, whereas in many cancers, unchecked Nrf2 activity increases the expression of cytoprotective genes and, consequently, provides growth advantage to cancerous cells. Herein, we discuss current preclinical gene therapy approaches to either increase or decrease Nrf2 activity with a special reference to neurological diseases and cancer. In addition, we discuss the role of Nrf2 in stem cell therapy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Hanna Leinonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
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456
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Kim D, Lim S, Haque MM, Ryoo N, Hong HS, Rhim H, Lee DE, Chang YT, Lee JS, Cheong E, Kim DJ, Kim YK. Identification of disulfide cross-linked tau dimer responsible for tau propagation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15231. [PMID: 26470054 PMCID: PMC4606741 DOI: 10.1038/srep15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that tau aggregates are not only neurotoxic, but also propagate in neurons acting as a seed for native tau aggregation. Prion-like tau transmission is now considered as an important pathogenic mechanism driving the progression of tau pathology in the brain. However, prion-like tau species have not been clearly characterized. To identify infectious tau conformers, here we prepared diverse tau aggregates and evaluated the effect on inducing intracellular tau-aggregation. Among tested, tau dimer containing P301L-mutation is identified as the most infectious form to induce tau pathology. Biochemical analysis reveals that P301L-tau dimer is covalently cross-linked with a disulfide bond. The relatively small and covalently cross-linked tau dimer induced tau pathology efficiently in primary neurons and also in tau-transgenic mice. So far, the importance of tau disulfide cross-linking has been overlooked in the study of tau pathology. Here our results suggested that tau disulfide cross-linking might play critical role in tau propagation by producing structurally stable and small tau conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for neuro-medicine, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for neuro-medicine, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Md Mamunul Haque
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for neuro-medicine, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.,Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Nayeon Ryoo
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | | | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry &Med Chem Program, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore (Singapore).,Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore (Singapore)
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Molecular Recognition Research Center, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.,Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for neuro-medicine, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Center for neuro-medicine, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.,Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon 305-333, South Korea
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457
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Kim GH, Kim JE, Rhie SJ, Yoon S. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:325-40. [PMID: 26713080 PMCID: PMC4688332 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is induced by an imbalanced redox states, involving either excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or dysfunction of the antioxidant system. The brain is one of organs especially vulnerable to the effects of ROS because of its high oxygen demand and its abundance of peroxidation-susceptible lipid cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a central role in a common pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Antioxidant therapy has been suggested for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, although the results with regard to their efficacy of treating neurodegenerative disease have been inconsistent. In this review, we will discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and in vivo measurement of an index of damage by oxidative stress. Moreover, the present knowledge on antioxidant in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and future directions will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ha Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jieun E Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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458
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Hatanaka H, Hanyu H, Hirose D, Fukusawa R, Namioka N, Iwamoto T. Peripheral Oxidative Stress Markers in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease with or without Cerebrovascular Disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:1472-4. [PMID: 26189853 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Hatanaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Hanyu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raita Fukusawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nayuta Namioka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwamoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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459
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460
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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461
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Foyet HS, Abaïssou HHN, Wado E, Acha EA, Alin C. Emilia coccinae (SIMS) G Extract improves memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress damage in scopolamine-treated rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:333. [PMID: 26400617 PMCID: PMC4580266 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E. coccinae (SIMS) G. (Asteraceae) is an annual plant commonly found throughout the plain of the Central Africa and widely used in Cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of fever and convulsions in children. We previously reported that the methanolic extract of this plant improved spatial memory. However no underlying mechanism was explored. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Emilia coccinae on memory in scopolamine treated rats and to propose possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Novel object recognition and Y-maze paradigm were used to test memory while oxidative profile, AChE and ACh level of the whole brain were assessed to outline the mechanism of nootropic activity of the extract. 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract were chronically administrated during 14 consecutive days in separate groups of scopolamine intraperitoneal treated rats (1.5 mg/kg). RESULTS The hydroalcoholic extract of Emilia coccinae (HEEC) at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly improved the memory of rats and reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine. In addition, we showed that this extract is decreasing the acetyl cholinesterase activity while also increasing the acetylcholine levels in the brain. HEEC (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH and CAT) and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA level) in the rat whole brain homogenates. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggested that the hydroalcoholic extract of Emilia coccinae ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine treated rats through the blockage of the oxidative effect of scopolamine and inhibition of AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harquin Simplice Foyet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Cameroon. P.O. Box: 814, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Hervé Hervé Ngatanko Abaïssou
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 55, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Eglantine Wado
- Department of Agriculture, Cattle farming and Derived products, High Institute of the Sahel, University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Emmanuel Asongalem Acha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Ciobica Alin
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506, Iasi, Romania.
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Romania.
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462
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Cisternas P, Lindsay CB, Salazar P, Silva-Alvarez C, Retamales RM, Serrano FG, Vio CP, Inestrosa NC. The increased potassium intake improves cognitive performance and attenuates histopathological markers in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2630-44. [PMID: 26391254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hallmarks that include an accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), inflammation, oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction, which lead to a decrease in cognitive function. To date, the onset and progression of AD have been associated with pathologies such as hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension, a disease with a high incidence worldwide, is characterized by a chronic increase in blood pressure. Interestingly, this disease has a close relationship to the eating behavior of patients because high Na(+) intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension. In fact, a decrease in Na(+) consumption, along with an increase in K(+) intake, is a primary non-pharmacological approach to preventing hypertension. In the present work, we examined whether an increase in K(+) intake affects the expression of certain neuropathological markers or the cognitive performance of a murine model of AD. We observed that an increase in K(+) intake leads to a change in the aggregation pattern of the Aβ peptide, a partial decrease in some epitopes of tau phosphorylation and improvement in the cognitive performance. The recovery in cognitive performance was correlated with a significant improvement in the generation of long-term potentiation. We also observed a decrease in markers related to inflammation and oxidative stress such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Together, our data support the idea that changes in diet, such as an increase in K(+) intake, may be important in the prevention of AD onset as a non-pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Salazar
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Silva-Alvarez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocio M Retamales
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe G Serrano
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos P Vio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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463
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Walker JM, Harrison FE. Shared Neuropathological Characteristics of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Impacts on Cognitive Decline. Nutrients 2015; 7:7332-57. [PMID: 26340637 PMCID: PMC4586536 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as older individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has increased. While the consumption of diets high in fat (total and saturated) have been linked to increased risk of AD, diets rich in antioxidants, polyunsaturated fats, and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with decreased risk. Additionally, AD patients are at increased risk for developing T2DM. Recent research suggests that there are stronger similarities between AD and T2DM than have previously been considered. Here we review the neurocognitive and inflammatory effects of high-fat diet consumption, its relationship to AD, and the treatment potential of dietary interventions that may decrease risk of cognitive decline and other associated neuropathological changes, such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Walker
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2213 Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2213 Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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464
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Devall M, Mill J, Lunnon K. The mitochondrial epigenome: a role in Alzheimer's disease? Epigenomics 2015; 6:665-75. [PMID: 25531259 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer's disease, both in affected brain regions and in leukocytes, potentially precipitating neurodegeneration through increased oxidative stress. Epigenetic processes are emerging as a dynamic mechanism through which environmental signals may contribute to cellular changes, leading to neuropathology and disease. Until recently, little attention was given to the mitochondrial epigenome itself, as preliminary studies indicated an absence of DNA modifications. However, recent research has demonstrated that epigenetic changes to the mitochondrial genome do occur, potentially playing an important role in several disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. This review explores the potential role of mitochondrial epigenetic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease etiology and discusses some technical issues pertinent to the study of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Devall
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 4, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
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465
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The Deleterious Effects of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress on Palmitoylation, Membrane Lipid Rafts and Lipid-Based Cellular Signalling: New Drug Targets in Neuroimmune Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4638-58. [PMID: 26310971 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. Many of the consequences stemming from O&NS, including damage to proteins, lipids and DNA, are well known, whereas the effects of O&NS on lipoprotein-based cellular signalling involving palmitoylation and plasma membrane lipid rafts are less well documented. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the mechanisms involved in lipid-based signalling, including palmitoylation, membrane/lipid raft (MLR) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) functions, the effects of O&NS processes on these processes and their role in the abovementioned diseases. S-palmitoylation is a post-translational modification, which regulates protein trafficking and association with the plasma membrane, protein subcellular location and functions. Palmitoylation and MRLs play a key role in neuronal functions, including glutamatergic neurotransmission, and immune-inflammatory responses. Palmitoylation, MLRs and n-3 PUFAs are vulnerable to the corruptive effects of O&NS. Chronic O&NS inhibits palmitoylation and causes profound changes in lipid membrane composition, e.g. n-3 PUFA depletion, increased membrane permeability and reduced fluidity, which together lead to disorders in intracellular signal transduction, receptor dysfunction and increased neurotoxicity. Disruption of lipid-based signalling is a source of the neuroimmune disorders involved in the pathophysiology of the abovementioned diseases. n-3 PUFA supplementation is a rational therapeutic approach targeting disruptions in lipid-based signalling.
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466
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Pham K, Pal R, Qu Y, Liu X, Yu H, Shiao SL, Wang X, O'Brian Smith E, Cui X, Rodney GG, Cheng N. Nuclear glutaredoxin 3 is critical for protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:197-206. [PMID: 25975981 PMCID: PMC4902114 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian glutaredoxin 3 (Grx3) has been shown to be critical in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating cell survival pathways in cancer cells. However, the regulation of Grx3 is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigate the subcellular localization of Grx3 under normal growth and oxidative stress conditions. Both fluorescence imaging of Grx3-RFP fusion and Western blot analysis of cellular fractionation indicate that Grx3 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm under normal growth conditions, whereas under oxidizing conditions, Grx3 is translocated into and accumulated in the nucleus. Grx3 nuclear accumulation was reversible in a redox-dependent fashion. Further analysis indicates that neither the N-terminal Trx-like domain nor the two catalytic cysteine residues in the active CGFS motif of Grx3 are involved in its nuclear translocation. Decreased levels of Grx3 render cells susceptible to cellular oxidative stress, whereas overexpression of nuclear-targeted Grx3 is sufficient to suppress cells' sensitivity to oxidant treatments and reduce reactive oxygen species production. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation of Grx3, which is crucial for cell survival against environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Pham
- USDA/ARS Children׳s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Surgery and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children׳s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen L Shiao
- Radiation Oncology and Biochemical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - E O'Brian Smith
- USDA/ARS Children׳s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children׳s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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467
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Chakrabarti S, Khemka VK, Banerjee A, Chatterjee G, Ganguly A, Biswas A. Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: Implications in the Pathology, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Aging Dis 2015; 6:282-99. [PMID: 26236550 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia among the elderly world-wide, manifests in familial and sporadic forms, and the latter variety accounts for the majority of the patients affected by this disease. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic AD is complex and uncertain. The autopsy studies of AD brain have provided limited understanding of the antemortem pathogenesis of the disease. Experimental AD research with transgenic animal or various cell based models has so far failed to explain the complex and varied spectrum of AD dementia. The review, therefore, emphasizes the importance of AD related risk factors, especially those with metabolic implications, identified from various epidemiological studies, in providing clues to the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. Several metabolic risk factors of AD like hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and type 2 diabetes have been studied extensively both in epidemiology and experimental research, while much less is known about the role of adipokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and vitamin D in this context. Moreover, the results from many of these studies have shown a degree of variability which has hindered our understanding of the role of AD related risk factors in the disease progression. The review also encompasses the recent recommendations regarding clinical and neuropathological diagnosis of AD and brings out the inherent uncertainty and ambiguity in this area which may have a distinct impact on the outcome of various population-based studies on AD-related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Khemka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India. ; Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India
| | - Gargi Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Atanu Biswas
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences (BIN), Kolkata, India
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468
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A constant accumulation of oxidized proteins takes place during aging. Oxidation of proteins leads to a partial unfolding and, therefore, to aggregation. Protein aggregates impair the activity of cellular proteolytic systems (proteasomes, lysosomes), resulting in further accumulation of oxidized proteins. In addition, the accumulation of highly crosslinked protein aggregates leads to further oxidant formation, damage to macromolecules, and, finally, to apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, protein oxidation seems to play a role in the development of various age-related diseases, for example, neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The highly oxidized lipofuscin accumulates during aging. Lipofuscin formation might cause impaired lysosomal and proteasomal degradation, metal ion accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species formation, and apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES It is still unclear to which extent protein oxidation is involved in the progression of aging and in the development of some age-related diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS An extensive knowledge of the effects of protein oxidation on the aging process and its contribution to the development of age-related diseases could enable further strategies to reduce age-related impairments. Strategies aimed at lowering aggregate formation might be a straightforward intervention to reduce age-related malfunctions of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Reeg
- German Institute of Human Nutrition , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition , Nuthetal, Germany
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469
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Zhao L, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Wang Z, Yin M. Effects of Curculigoside on Memory Impairment and Bone Loss via Anti-Oxidative Character in APP/PS1 Mutated Transgenic Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133289. [PMID: 26186010 PMCID: PMC4505858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two closely related multifactorial progressively degenerative diseases that predominantly affect aged people. These two diseases share many common risk factors, including old age, being female, smoking, excessive drinking, low estrogen, and vitamin D3 levels. Additionally, oxidative damage and the dysfunction of the antioxidant system play important roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and AD. Aβ not only leads to impaired memory but also plays a crucial role in the demineralization process of bone tissues of older people and women with menopause. Curculigoside can promote calcium deposition and increase the levels of ALP and Runx2 in osteoblasts under oxidative stress via anti-oxidative character. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CUR on the spatial learning and memory by the Morris water maze and brain immunohistochemistry, and bone microstructure and material properties of femurs by micro-computed tomography and mechanical testing in APP/PS1 mutated transgenic mice. Oral administration of CUR can significantly enhance learning performance and ameliorate bone loss in APP/PS1 mutated transgenic mice, and the mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect. Based on these results, CUR has real potential as a new natural resource for developing medicines or dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of the two closely linked multifactorial progressive degenerative disorders, AD and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) 455 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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470
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The Ambiguous Relationship of Oxidative Stress, Tau Hyperphosphorylation, and Autophagy Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:352723. [PMID: 26171115 PMCID: PMC4485995 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques [aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ)] and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau). Growing evidence suggests that tau accumulation is pathologically more relevant to the development of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD patients than Aβ plaques. Oxidative stress is a prominent early event in the pathogenesis of AD and is therefore believed to contribute to tau hyperphosphorylation. Several studies have shown that the autophagic pathway in neurons is important under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, this pathway plays a crucial role for the degradation of endogenous soluble tau. However, the relationship between oxidative stress, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, autophagy dysregulation, and neuronal cell death in AD remains unclear. Here, we review the latest progress in AD, with a special emphasis on oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, and autophagy. We also discuss the relationship of these three factors in AD.
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471
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Leirós M, Alonso E, Rateb ME, Houssen WE, Ebel R, Jaspars M, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Gracilins: Spongionella-derived promising compounds for Alzheimer disease. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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472
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Ceramides in Alzheimer's Disease: Key Mediators of Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress and Aβ Accumulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:346783. [PMID: 26090071 PMCID: PMC4458271 DOI: 10.1155/2015/346783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (phospho-tau) protein. Ceramides, the major molecules of sphingolipid metabolism and lipid second messengers, have been associated with AD progression and pathology via Aβ generation. Enhanced levels of ceramides directly increase Aβ through stabilization of β-secretase, the key enzyme in the amyloidogenic processing of Aβ precursor protein (APP). As a positive feedback loop, the generated oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ induces a further increase in ceramide levels by activating sphingomyelinases that catalyze the catabolic breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide. Evidence also supports important role of ceramides in neuronal apoptosis. Ceramides may initiate a cascade of biochemical alterations, which ultimately leads to neuronal death by diverse mechanisms, including depolarization and permeabilization of mitochondria, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 depletion, and caspase-3 activation, mainly by modulating intracellular signalling, particularly along the pathways related to Akt/PKB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). This review summarizes recent findings related to the role of ceramides in oxidative stress-driven neuronal apoptosis and interplay with Aβ in the cascade of events ending in neuronal degeneration.
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473
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Oxidative Stress during the Progression of β-Amyloid Pathology in the Neocortex of the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:967203. [PMID: 25973140 PMCID: PMC4418010 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Pathogenetic mechanisms, triggered by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, include oxidative stress, derived from energy homeostasis deregulation and involving mitochondria and peroxisomes. We here addressed the oxidative stress status and the elicited cellular response at the onset and during the progression of Aβ pathology, studying the neocortex of Tg2576 model of AD. Age-dependent changes of oxidative damage markers, antioxidant enzymes, and related transcription factors were analysed in relation to the distribution of Aβ peptide and oligomers, by a combined molecular/morphological approach. Nucleic acid oxidative damage, accompanied by defective antioxidant defences, and decreased PGC1α expression are already detected in 3-month-old Tg2576 neurons. Conversely, PPARα is increased in these cells, with its cytoplasmic localization suggesting nongenomic, anti-inflammatory actions. At 6 months, when intracellular Aβ accumulates, PMP70 is downregulated, indicating impairment of fatty acids peroxisomal translocation and their consequent harmful accumulation. In 9-month-old Tg2576 neocortex, Aβ oligomers and acrolein deposition correlate with GFAP, GPX1, and PMP70 increases, supporting a compensatory response, involving astroglial peroxisomes. At severe pathological stages, when senile plaques disrupt cortical cytoarchitecture, antioxidant capacity is gradually lost. Overall, our data suggest early therapeutic intervention in AD, also targeting peroxisomes.
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474
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Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer disease (AD): an update. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1035-44. [PMID: 25895140 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that free radical-mediated oxidation of biological substrates is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. While it has long been established that biomarkers of lipid peroxidation (LPO) are elevated in AD brain as well as ventricular CSF postmortem, more recent studies have demonstrated increased LPO biomarkers in postmortem brain from subjects with mild cognitive impairment, the earliest clinically detectable phase of dementia and preclinical AD, the earliest detectable pathological phase. Furthermore, multiple LPO biomarkers are elevated in readily accessible biological fluids throughout disease progression. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that LPO is an early feature during disease progression and may be considered a key pathway for targeted therapeutics as well as an enhancer of diagnostic accuracy for early detection of subjects during the prodromal phase.
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475
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Ianniello RG, Ricciardi A, Parente E, Tramutola A, Reale A, Zotta T. Aeration and supplementation with heme and menaquinone affect survival to stresses and antioxidant capability of Lactobacillus casei strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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476
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Kyosseva SV, McGinnis JF. Cerium oxide nanoparticles as promising ophthalmic therapeutics for the treatment of retinal diseases. World J Ophthalmol 2015; 5:23-30. [DOI: 10.5318/wjo.v5.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers exciting new approaches for biology and medicine. In recent years, nanoparticles, particularly those of the rare metal cerium, are showing potential for a wide range of applications in medicine. Cerium oxide nanoparticles or nanoceria are antioxidants and possess catalytic activities that mimic those of super oxide dismutase and catalase, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress. The retina is highly susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high oxygen consumption and high metabolic activity associated with exposure to light. Many retinal diseases progress through oxidative stress as a result of a chronic or acute rise in reactive oxygen species. Diseases of the retina are the leading causes of blindness throughout the world. Although some treatments may delay or slow the development of retinal diseases, there are no cures for most forms of blinding diseases. In this review is summarized evidence that cerium oxide nanoparticles can function as catalytic antioxidants in vivo in rodent models of age-related macular degeneration and inherited retinal degeneration and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human eye diseases. This may shift current research and clinical practice towards the use of nanoceria, alone or in combination with other therapeutics.
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477
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Inestrosa NC, Ríos JA, Cisternas P, Tapia-Rojas C, Rivera DS, Braidy N, Zolezzi JM, Godoy JA, Carvajal FJ, Ardiles AO, Bozinovic F, Palacios AG, Sachdev PS. Age Progression of Neuropathological Markers in the Brain of the Chilean Rodent Octodon degus, a Natural Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Pathol 2015; 25:679-91. [PMID: 25351914 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of age-related dementia worldwide. Several models for AD have been developed to provide information regarding the initial changes that lead to degeneration. Transgenic mouse models recapitulate many, but not all, of the features of AD, most likely because of the high complexity of the pathology. In this context, the validation of a wild-type animal model of AD that mimics the neuropathological and behavioral abnormalities is necessary. In previous studies, we have reported that the Chilean rodent Octodon degus could represent a natural model for AD. In the present work, we further describe the age-related neurodegeneration observed in the O. degus brain. We report some histopathological markers associated with the onset progression of AD, such as glial activation, increase in oxidative stress markers, neuronal apoptosis and the expression of the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). With these results, we suggest that the O. degus could represent a new model for AD research and a powerful tool in the search for therapeutic strategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juvenal A Ríos
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela S Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología and Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Carvajal
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ecología and Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Neurosychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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478
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Li Y, Liu S, Man Y, Li N, Zhou YU. Effects of vitamins E and C combined with β-carotene on cognitive function in the elderly. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1489-1493. [PMID: 25780457 PMCID: PMC4353806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamins E (VE) and C (VC), combined with β-carotene (β-C), on cognitive function in the elderly. A total of 276 elderly subjects completed the prospective study following treatment with VE, VC and different doses of β-C or with VE only. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) tests. The plasma levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results from the MMSE and HDS assessments indicated that the treatment strategy of VE and VC combined with β-C significantly improved cognitive function in the elderly subjects, particularly with higher doses of β-C. Furthermore, RIA suggested that treatment with these vitamins could markedly reduce plasma Aβ levels and elevate plasma E2 levels. The present findings suggest that treatment with VE, VC and β-C results in promising improvements in cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Y U Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
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479
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Csala M, Kardon T, Legeza B, Lizák B, Mandl J, Margittai É, Puskás F, Száraz P, Szelényi P, Bánhegyi G. On the role of 4-hydroxynonenal in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:826-38. [PMID: 25643868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to peroxidation and they yield various degradation products, including the main α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal, 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (HNE) in oxidative stress. Due to its high reactivity, HNE interacts with various macromolecules of the cell, and this general toxicity clearly contributes to a wide variety of pathological conditions. In addition, growing evidence suggests a more specific function of HNE in electrophilic signaling as a second messenger of oxidative/electrophilic stress. It can induce antioxidant defense mechanisms to restrain its own production and to enhance the cellular protection against oxidative stress. Moreover, HNE-mediated signaling can largely influence the fate of the cell through modulating major cellular processes, such as autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling and regulatory functions of HNE. The role of HNE in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kardon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Legeza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Mandl
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Puskás
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Péter Száraz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Péter Szelényi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
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480
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Merelli A, Czornyj L, Lazarowski A. Erythropoietin as a new therapeutic opportunity in brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2015; 125:793-7. [PMID: 25405533 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.989321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly expressed Erythropoietin Receptor (EPO-R) has been detected in several nonhematopoietic hypoxic cells, including cells from different brain areas in response to many different types of cell injury. In brain, hypoxia-ischemia (HI) can induce a wide spectrum of biologic responses, where inflammation and apoptosis are the main protagonists. Inflammation, as a primary brain insult, can induce a chronic hypoxic condition, producing the continuous cycle of inflammation-hypoxia that increases the apoptotic-cell number. It has also been demonstrated that administration of erythropoietin (EPO) prevented the neuronal death induced by HI, as well as the induction of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus in a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. Anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and/or cell-proliferative effects of EPO, have been observed in all type of cells expressing EPO-R, resulting in a potential tool for neuroprotection, neuroreparation, or neurogenesis of brain damaged areas. The nasal route is an alternative way of drugs administration that has been successfully exploited for bypassing the blood brain barrier, and subsequently delivering EPO and other molecules to central nervous system. Intranasal administration of EPO could be a new therapeutic opportunity in several brain damages that includes hypoxia, inflammation, neurodegenerative process, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merelli
- a Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - L Czornyj
- b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan",c Fundación INVESTIGAR , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - A Lazarowski
- a Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,c Fundación INVESTIGAR , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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481
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by imbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. Two main antioxidant systems exist. The nonenzymatic system relies on molecules to directly quench ROS and the enzymatic system is composed of specific enzymes that detoxify ROS. Among the latter, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is important in oxidative stress modulation. Of these, manganese-dependent SOD (MnSOD) plays a major role due to its mitochondrial location, i.e., the main site of superoxide (O(2)(·-)) production. As such, extensive research has focused on its capacity to modulate oxidative stress. Early data demonstrated the relevance of MnSOD as an O(2)(·-) scavenger. More recent research has, however, identified a prominent role for MnSOD in carcinogenesis. In addition, SOD downregulation appears associated with health risk in heart and brain. A single nucleotide polymorphism which alters the mitochondria signaling sequence for the cytosolic MnSOD form has been identified. Transport into the mitochondria was differentially affected by allelic presence and a new chapter in MnSOD research thus begun. As a result, an ever-increasing number of diseases appear associated with this allelic variation including metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Although diet and exercise upregulate MnSOD, the relationship between environmental and genetic factors remains unclear.
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482
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Guzior N, Wieckowska A, Panek D, Malawska B. Recent development of multifunctional agents as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:373-404. [PMID: 25386820 PMCID: PMC4435057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666141106122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The available therapy is limited to the symptomatic treatment and its efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the development of an effective therapy is crucial for public health. Due to the multifactorial aetiology of this disease, the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) approach is a promising method in search for new drugs for AD. This review updates information on the development of multifunctional potential anti-AD agents published within the last three years. The majority of the recently reported structures are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, often endowed with some additional properties. These properties enrich the pharmacological profile of the compounds giving hope for not only symptomatic but also causal treatment of the disease. Among these advantageous properties, the most often reported are an amyloid-β antiaggregation activity, inhibition of β-secretase and monoamine oxidase, an antioxidant and metal chelating activity, NOreleasing ability and interaction with cannabinoid, NMDA or histamine H3 receptors. The majority of novel molecules possess heterodimeric structures, able to interact with multiple targets by combining different pharmacophores, original or derived from natural products or existing therapeutics (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, memantine). Among the described compounds, several seem to be promising drug candidates, while others may serve as a valuable inspiration in the search for new effective therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Malawska
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Krakow, Medyczna 9, Poland.
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483
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Oxidative stress accelerates amyloid deposition and memory impairment in a double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2014; 587:126-31. [PMID: 25529196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to play a prominent role in the onset and early stage progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For example, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels are increased in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Here, we created a double-transgenic mouse model of AD to explore the pathological and behavioral effects of oxidative stress. Double transgenic (APP/DAL) mice were constructed by crossing Tg2576 (APP) mice, which express a mutant form of human amyloid precursor protein (APP), with DAL mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), in which oxidative stress is enhanced. Y-maze and object recognition tests were performed at 3 and 6 months of age to evaluate learning and memory. The accumulation of amyloid plaques, deposition of phosphorylated-tau protein, and number of astrocytes in the brain were assessed histopathologically at 3, 6, 9, and 12-15 months of age. The life span of APP/DAL mice was significantly shorter than that of APP or DAL mice. In addition, they showed accelerated amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, and gliosis. Furthermore, these mice showed impaired performance on Y-maze and object recognition tests at 3 months of age. These data suggest that oxidative stress accelerates cognitive dysfunction and pathological insults in the brain. APP/DAL mice could be a useful model for exploring new approaches to AD treatment.
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484
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Effects of vitamin E on cognitive performance during ageing and in Alzheimer's disease. Nutrients 2014; 6:5453-72. [PMID: 25460513 PMCID: PMC4276978 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that primarily protects cells from damage associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which increases during ageing and is considered a major contributor to neurodegeneration. High plasma vitamin E levels were repeatedly associated with better cognitive performance. Due to its antioxidant properties, the ability of vitamin E to prevent or delay cognitive decline has been tested in clinical trials in both ageing population and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The difficulty in performing precise and uniform human studies is mostly responsible for the inconsistent outcomes reported in the literature. Therefore, the benefit of vitamin E as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders is still under debate. In this review, we focus on those studies that mostly have contributed to clarifying the exclusive function of vitamin E in relation to brain ageing and AD.
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485
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Ricciardi A, Castiglione Morelli MA, Ianniello RG, Parente E, Zotta T. Metabolic profiling and stress response of anaerobic and respiratory cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum C17 grown in a chemically defined medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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486
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Leba LJ, Brunschwig C, Saout M, Martial K, Vulcain E, Bereau D, Robinson JC. Optimization of a DNA nicking assay to evaluate Oenocarpus bataua and Camellia sinensis antioxidant capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18023-39. [PMID: 25302614 PMCID: PMC4227202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the DNA damage protective activity of different types of extracts (aqueous, methanolic and acetonic) using an in vitro DNA nicking assay. Several parameters were optimized using the pUC18 plasmid, especially FeSO4, EDTA, solvent concentrations and incubation time. Special attention has been paid to removing the protective and damaging effect of the solvent and FeSO4 respectively, as well as to identifying the relevant positive and negative controls. For each solvent, the optimal conditions were determined: (i) for aqueous extracts, 0.33 mM of FeSO4 and 0.62 mM of EDTA were incubated for 20 min at 37 °C; (ii) for acetone extracts, 1.16% solvent were incubated for 15 min at 37 °C with 1.3 mM of FeSO4 and 2.5 mM of EDTA and (iii) for methanol extracts, 0.16% solvent, were incubated for 1.5 h at 37 °C with 0.33 mM of FeSO4 and 0.62 mM of EDTA. Using the optimized conditions, the DNA damage protective activity of aqueous, methanolic and acetonic extracts of an Amazonian palm berry (Oenocarpus bataua) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) was assessed. Aqueous and acetonic Oenocarpus bataua extracts were protective against DNA damage, whereas aqueous, methanolic and acetonic extracts of Camellia sinensis extracts induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Jérôme Leba
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
| | - Christel Brunschwig
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
| | - Mona Saout
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
| | - Karine Martial
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Vulcain
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
| | - Didier Bereau
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Robinson
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.
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487
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Morroni F, Sita G, Tarozzi A, Cantelli-Forti G, Hrelia P. Neuroprotection by 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate in a 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson׳s disease. Brain Res 2014; 1589:93-104. [PMID: 25257035 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of pathogenic factors have been implicated in the progression of Parkinson׳s disease (PD), including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and signals mediating apoptosis cascade. 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a major component in wasabi, a very popular spice in Japan and a member of the Brassica family of vegetables. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 6-MSITC in a PD mouse model. Mice were treated with 6-MSITC (5mg/kg twice a week) for four weeks after the unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). On the 28th day, 6-OHDA-injected mice showed behavioral impairments, a significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and an increase in apoptosis. In addition, lesioned mice showed reduced glutathione levels and glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities. Notably, 6-MSITC demonstrated neuroprotective effects in our experimental model strongly related to the preservation of functional nigral dopaminergic neurons, which contributed to the reduction of motor dysfunction induced by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that the beneficial effects of 6-MSITC could be attributed to the decrease of apoptotic cell death and to the activation of glutathione-dependent antioxidant systems. These findings may render 6-MSITC as a promising molecule for further pharmacological studies on the investigation for disease-modifying treatment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d׳Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cantelli-Forti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d׳Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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488
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Fang M, Wang J, Yan H, Zhao YX, Liu XY. A proteomics study of hyperhomocysteinemia injury of the hippocampal neurons using iTRAQ. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2511-6. [PMID: 25215643 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of homocysteine, caused by abnormal methionine metabolism, can induce degeneration of mouse hippocampal neurons. iTRAQ™ technology has been widely used in the field of proteomics research and through employing this technology, the present study identified that hyperhomocysteinemia induced the downregulation of 52 proteins and upregulation of 44 proteins in the mouse hippocampus. Through gene ontology and pathway analysis, the upregulation of components of the cytoskeleton, actin, regulators of focal adhesion, calcium signaling pathways, tight junctions, ErbB and gonadotrophin‑releasing hormone signaling, leukocyte, transendothelial migration, propanoate and pyruvate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies and benzoate degradation via CoA ligation pathway, was identified. It was additionally verified that tau protein was highly expressed in the hyperhomocysteinemic neurons. Further analysis revealed that tau network proteins played functional roles in homocysteine‑induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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489
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Santos JR, Gois AM, Mendonça DMF, Freire MAM. Nutritional status, oxidative stress and dementia: the role of selenium in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:206. [PMID: 25221506 PMCID: PMC4147716 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Santos
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Gois
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sergipe São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Deise M F Mendonça
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sergipe São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Marco A M Freire
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute for Neuroscience of Natal Natal, Brazil
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490
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Van Assche R, Temmerman L, Dias DA, Boughton B, Boonen K, Braeckman BP, Schoofs L, Roessner U. Metabolic profiling of a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer model. Metabolomics 2014; 11:477-486. [PMID: 25750603 PMCID: PMC4342517 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, no early-onset biomarkers are currently available for Alzheimer's disease, a cureless neurodegenerative disease afflicting millions worldwide. In this study, transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans were used to investigate changes in the metabolome after induced expression of amyloid-β. GC- and LC-MS-based platforms determined a total of 157 differential features. Some of these were identified using in-house (GC-MS) or public libraries (LC-MS), revealing changes in allantoin, cystathionine and tyrosine levels. Since C. elegans is far better suited to metabolomics studies than most other model systems, the accordance of these findings with vertebrate literature is promising and argues for further use of C. elegans as a model of human pathology in the study of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Van Assche
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel A Dias
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Berin Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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491
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Ross BM, Glen I. Breath ethane concentrations in healthy volunteers correlate with a systemic marker of lipid peroxidation but not with omega-3 Fatty Acid availability. Metabolites 2014; 4:572-9. [PMID: 25257995 PMCID: PMC4192680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethane in human breath derives from lipid peroxidation, specifically the reaction between omega-3 fatty acids and reactive oxygen species. It has been proposed to be a non-invasive marker of oxidative stress, a deleterious process which may play an important role in the pathophysiology of several common diseases. It is unclear, however, whether ethane concentration actually correlates with systemic oxidative stress or whether it is primarily a marker of airway biochemistry. To investigate this possibility the breath ethane concentrations in 24 healthy volunteers were compared to that of a systemic measure of oxidative stress, plasma hydroperoxides, as well as to blood concentrations of the lipophilic anti-oxidant vitamin E, and the abundance of omega-3 fatty acids. Breath ethane concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with blood hydroperoxide concentrations (rp = 0.60) and negatively with that of vitamin E (rp = -0.65), but were not correlated with either the total omega-3 fatty acid concentration (rp = -0.22) or that of any individual species of this fatty acid class. This data supports the hypothesis that breath ethane is a marker of systemic lipid peroxidation, as opposed to that of omega-3 fatty acid abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Ross
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada.
| | - Iain Glen
- Highland Psychiatric Research Foundation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV3 5SQ, UK
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492
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Zeng XH, Li QQ, Xu Q, Li F, Liu CZ. Acupuncture mechanism and redox equilibrium. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:483294. [PMID: 25097658 PMCID: PMC4109597 DOI: 10.1155/2014/483294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress participates in the pathological process of various diseases. Acupuncture is a component of the health care system in China that can be traced back for at least 3000 years. Recently, increased evidences indicate that acupuncture stimulation could reduce oxidative damage in organisms under pathological state, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This review focuses on the emerging links between acupuncture and redox modulation in various disorders, such as vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, and hypertension, ranging from redox system, antioxidant system, anti-inflammatory system, and nervous system to signaling pathway. Although the molecular and cellular pathways studies of acupuncture effect on oxidative stress are preliminary, they represent an important step forward in the research of acupuncture antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Zeng
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Fang Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
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493
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Cheng D, Liang B, Hao Y, Zhou W. Estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms and risk of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:1031-8. [PMID: 25061285 PMCID: PMC4085310 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s65921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human estrogen receptor α (ESR1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, is one of the key mediators of hormonal response in estrogen-sensitive tissues. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that two of the most widely studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1 – PvuII (T/C, rs223493) and Xbal (A/G, rs9340799) – are possibly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, individual study results are still controversial. Materials and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for eligible studies assessing the association of ESR1 polymorphisms and AD risk (last search performed in November 2013). Thereafter, a meta-analysis of 13,192 subjects from 18 individual studies was conducted to evaluate the association between ESR1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to AD. Results The results indicated that a significant association was found between the ESR1 PvuII polymorphism and AD risk in Caucasian populations (CC + CT versus TT, odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.28, P=0.03; CT versus TT, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.31, P=0.02), whereas no evidence of association was found in Asian populations. Nevertheless, we did not find any significant association between the ESR1 XbaI polymorphism and AD risk for any model in Caucasian and Asian populations (all P>0.05). Conclusion Based on this meta-analysis, we conclude that the ESR1 PvuII polymorphism might be a risk factor in AD development in Caucasian populations, not in Asian populations. Further confirmation is needed from better-designed and larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Cheng
- Department of Transfusion, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, High Vocational Technological College, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Hao
- Department of Transfusion, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Zhou
- Department of Transfusion, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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494
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Vergara C, Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Wandosell F, Ferrer I, del Río JA, Gavín R. Role of PrP(C) Expression in Tau Protein Levels and Phosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease Evolution. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1206-20. [PMID: 24965601 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques mainly consisting of hydrophobic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed principally of hyperphosphorylated tau. Aβ oligomers have been described as the earliest effectors to negatively affect synaptic structure and plasticity in the affected brains, and cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) has been proposed as receptor for these oligomers. The most widely accepted theory holds that the toxic effects of Aβ are upstream of change in tau, a neuronal microtubule-associated protein that promotes the polymerization and stabilization of microtubules. However, tau is considered decisive for the progression of neurodegeneration, and, indeed, tau pathology correlates well with clinical symptoms such as dementia. Different pathways can lead to abnormal phosphorylation, and, as a consequence, tau aggregates into paired helical filaments (PHF) and later on into NFTs. Reported data suggest a regulatory tendency of PrP(C) expression in the development of AD, and a putative relationship between PrP(C) and tau processing is emerging. However, the role of tau/PrP(C) interaction in AD is poorly understood. In this study, we show increased susceptibility to Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) in neuronal primary cultures from PrP(C) knockout mice, compared to wild-type, which correlates with increased tau expression. Moreover, we found increased PrP(C) expression that paralleled with tau at early ages in an AD murine model and in early Braak stages of AD in affected individuals. Taken together, these results suggest a protective role for PrP(C) in AD by downregulating tau expression, and they point to this protein as being crucial in the molecular events that lead to neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vergara
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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495
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Du X, Qiu S, Wang Z, Wang R, Wang C, Tian J, Liu Q. Direct interaction between selenoprotein P and tubulin. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10199-214. [PMID: 24914767 PMCID: PMC4100148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential trace element for human health, mainly exerts its biological function via selenoproteins. Among the 25 selenoproteins identified in human, selenoprotein P (SelP) is the only one that contains multiple selenocysteines (Sec) in the sequence, and has been suggested to function as a Se transporter. Upon feeding a selenium-deficient diet, mice lacking SelP develop severe neurological dysfunction and exhibit widespread brainstem neurodegeneration, indicating an important role of SelP in normal brain function. To further elucidate the function of SelP in the brain, SelP was screened by the yeast two-hybrid system from a human fetal brain cDNA library for interactive proteins. Our results demonstrated that SelP interacts with tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A). The interaction between SelP and tubulin was verified by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. We further found that SelP interacts with the C-terminus of tubulin by its His-rich domain, as demonstrated by FRET and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) assays. The implications of the interaction between SelP and tubulin in the brain and in Alzheimer's disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Du
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shi Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ruoran Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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496
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HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis of phenolic compounds for quality control of Grindelia robusta Nutt. and bioactivities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 94:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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497
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Miller E, Morel A, Saso L, Saluk J. Isoprostanes and neuroprostanes as biomarkers of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:572491. [PMID: 24868314 PMCID: PMC4020162 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data shows that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative disorders. The literature data indicate that in vivo or postmortem cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue levels of F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) especially F4-neuroprotanes (F4-NPs) are significantly increased in some neurodegenerative diseases: multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Central nervous system is the most metabolically active organ of the body characterized by high requirement for oxygen and relatively low antioxidative activity, what makes neurons and glia highly susceptible to destruction by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and neurodegeneration. The discovery of F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs as markers of lipid peroxidation caused by the free radicals has opened up new areas of investigation regarding the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs as biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. We summarize the knowledge of these novel biomarkers of oxidative stress and the advantages of monitoring their formation to better define the involvement of oxidative stress in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1, Lodz, Poland
- Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in Lodz, Milionowa 14, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morel
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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498
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Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:271-81. [PMID: 24664866 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating disease of the elderly. The brain is more vulnerable than other organs to oxidative stress, and most of the components of neurons (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) can be oxidized in AD due to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased metal levels, inflammation, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Oxidative stress participates in the development of AD by promoting Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and the subsequent loss of synapses and neurons. The relationship between oxidative stress and AD suggests that oxidative stress is an essential part of the pathological process, and antioxidants may be useful for AD treatment.
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499
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8-Alkylcoumarins from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri protect against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress damage. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4608-18. [PMID: 24642881 PMCID: PMC3975416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new 8-alkylcoumarins, 7-O-methylphellodenol-B (1), 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2,3-epoxy-1-oxobutyl)chromen-2-one (2), and 3′-O-methylvaginol (3), together with seven known compounds (4–10) were isolated from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of known analogues. All the isolates were evaluated the cytoprotective activity by MTS cell proliferation assay and the results showed that all the three new 8-alkylcoumarins exhibited cytoprotective effect on Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells injured by hydrogen peroxide.
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500
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Fuh JL, Yang CW. Authors' reply. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 204:163-4. [PMID: 24493656 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.204.2.163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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