451
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Mayorga Reyes L, González Vázquez R, Cruz Arroyo SM, Melendez Avalos A, Reyes Castillo PA, Chavaro Pérez DA, Ramos Terrones I, Ramos Ibáñez N, Rodríguez Magallanes MM, Langella P, Bermúdez Humarán L, Azaola Espinosa A. Correlation between diet and gut bacteria in a population of young adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:470-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1162770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lino Mayorga Reyes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Raquel González Vázquez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Schahrasad M. Cruz Arroyo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Araceli Melendez Avalos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Pedro A. Reyes Castillo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
| | - David A. Chavaro Pérez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Idalia Ramos Terrones
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Atención a la Salud, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Norma Ramos Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Atención a la Salud, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Magdalena M. Rodríguez Magallanes
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Atención a la Salud, Coyoacán, México City
| | - Philippe Langella
- Laboratory of Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luis Bermúdez Humarán
- Laboratory of Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alejandro Azaola Espinosa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City
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452
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Marques TM, Patterson E, Wall R, O'Sullivan O, Fitzgerald GF, Cotter PD, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Ross RP, Stanton C. Influence of GABA and GABA-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 on the development of diabetes in a streptozotocin rat model. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:409-20. [PMID: 27013462 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 and pure GABA exert protective effects against the development of diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. In a first experiment, healthy rats were divided in 3 groups (n=10/group) receiving placebo, 2.6 mg/kg body weight (bw) pure GABA or L. brevis DPC 6108 (~10(9)microorganisms). In a second experiment, rats (n=15/group) were randomised to five groups and four of these received an injection of STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. Diabetic and non-diabetic controls received placebo [4% (w/v) yeast extract in dH2O], while the other three diabetic groups received one of the following dietary supplements: 2.6 mg/kg bw GABA (low GABA), 200 mg/kg bw GABA (high GABA) or ~10(9) L. brevis DPC 6108. L. brevis DPC 6108 supplementation was associated with increased serum insulin levels (P<0.05), but did not alter other metabolic markers in healthy rats. Diabetes induced by STZ injection decreased body weight (P<0.05), increased intestinal length (P<0.05) and stimulated water and food intake. Insulin was decreased (P<0.05), whereas glucose was increased (P<0.001) in all diabetic groups, compared with non-diabetic controls. A decrease (P<0.01) in glucose levels was observed in diabetic rats receiving L. brevis DPC 6108, compared with diabetic-controls. Both the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were affected by diabetes. Microbial diversity in diabetic rats supplemented with low GABA was not reduced (P>0.05), compared with non-diabetic controls while all other diabetic groups displayed reduced diversity (P<0.05). L. brevis DPC 6108 attenuated hyperglycaemia induced by diabetes but additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Marques
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,3 School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Patterson
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,3 School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Wall
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - O O'Sullivan
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - G F Fitzgerald
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,3 School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P D Cotter
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - T G Dinan
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
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453
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Lee SM, Han HW, Yim SY. Beneficial effects of soy milk and fiber on high cholesterol diet-induced alteration of gut microbiota and inflammatory gene expression in rats. Food Funct 2016; 6:492-500. [PMID: 25477035 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate whether a soy milk and fiber mixture could improve high cholesterol diet-induced changes in gut microbiota and inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered four different diets: CTRL (AIN76A diet), CHOL (AIN76A with 1% (w/w) cholesterol), SOY (CHOL diet, 20% of which was substituted with freeze-dried soy milk), or S.FIBER (SOY diet with 1.2% (w/w) psyllium, 6.2% (w/w) resistant maltodextrin, and 6.2% (w/w) chicory powder). A lipid profile and gene expression analysis demonstrated that SOY and S.FIBER improved the serum HDL-cholesterol and colonic expression levels of genes in tight junction (ZO-1 and occludin) and inflammation-related (IL-1β, IL-10, and Foxp3) proteins. S.FIBER lowered the serum MCP-1 concentration as well. A gut microbial analysis revealed that CHOL increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio). SOY increased the F/B ratio due to an increased proportion of Lactobacillus spp. S.FIBER greatly decreased the F/B ratio. Allobaculum spp. and Parabacteroides spp. exhibited a negative correlation with colonic expression of anti-inflammatory genes such as Foxp3, IL-10, occludin and ZO-1. CHOL increased the relative proportions of Allobaculum spp. and Parabacteroides spp. in the gut, while SOY and S.FIBER decreased these proportions. Diets containing soy milk and fiber mixtures could be beneficial by limiting CHOL-induced colonic inflammation and rescuing CHOL-disturbed gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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454
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Cabrera SM, Chen YG, Hagopian WA, Hessner MJ. Blood-based signatures in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:414-25. [PMID: 26699650 PMCID: PMC4744128 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. It develops through autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells and results in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and has historically been attributed to aberrant adaptive immunity; however, there is increasing evidence for a role of innate inflammation. Over the past decade new methodologies for the analysis of nucleic acid and protein signals have been applied to type 1 diabetes. These studies are providing a new understanding of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and have the potential to inform the development of new biomarkers for predicting diabetes onset and monitoring therapeutic interventions. In this review we will focus on blood-based signatures in type 1 diabetes, with special attention to both direct transcriptomic analyses of whole blood and immunocyte subsets, as well as plasma/serum-induced transcriptional signatures. Attention will also be given to proteomics, microRNA assays and markers of beta cell death. We will also discuss the results of blood-based profiling in type 1 diabetes within the context of the genetic and environmental factors implicated in the natural history of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Cabrera
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Martin J Hessner
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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455
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Barka EA, Vatsa P, Sanchez L, Gaveau-Vaillant N, Jacquard C, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Klenk HP, Clément C, Ouhdouch Y, van Wezel GP. Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:1-43. [PMID: 26609051 PMCID: PMC4711186 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00019-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 947] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C DNA content that constitute one of the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Many Actinobacteria have a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation. They also have an extensive secondary metabolism and produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. Consequently, these bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. Actinobacteria play diverse roles in their associations with various higher organisms, since their members have adopted different lifestyles, and the phylum includes pathogens (notably, species of Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, and Tropheryma), soil inhabitants (e.g., Micromonospora and Streptomyces species), plant commensals (e.g., Frankia spp.), and gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium spp.). Actinobacteria also play an important role as symbionts and as pathogens in plant-associated microbial communities. This review presents an update on the biology of this important bacterial phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essaid Ait Barka
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Parul Vatsa
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Gaveau-Vaillant
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cedric Jacquard
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Yder Ouhdouch
- Faculté de Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biotechnologie des Microorganismes, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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456
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic immune-mediated disease with a subclinical prodromal period, characterized by selective loss of insulin-producing-β cells in the pancreatic islets of genetically susceptible individuals. The incidence of T1DM has increased several fold in most developed countries since World War II, in conjunction with other immune-mediated diseases. Rapid environmental changes and modern lifestyles are probably the driving factors that underlie this increase. These effects might be mediated by changes in the human microbiota, particularly the intestinal microbiota. Research on the gut microbiome of individuals at risk of developing T1DM and in patients with established disease is still in its infancy, but initial findings indicate that the intestinal microbiome of individuals with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus is different to that of healthy individuals. The gut microbiota in individuals with preclinical T1DM is characterized by Bacteroidetes dominating at the phylum level, a dearth of butyrate-producing bacteria, reduced bacterial and functional diversity and low community stability. However, these changes seem to emerge after the appearance of autoantibodies that are predictive of T1DM, which suggests that the intestinal microbiota might be involved in the progression from β-cell autoimmunity to clinical disease rather than in the initiation of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Siljander
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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457
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Patterson E, Ryan PM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:286-300. [PMID: 26912499 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The central role of the intestinal microbiota in the progression and, equally, prevention of metabolic dysfunction is becoming abundantly apparent. The symbiotic relationship between intestinal microbiota and host ensures appropriate development of the metabolic system in humans. However, disturbances in composition and, in turn, functionality of the intestinal microbiota can disrupt gut barrier function, a trip switch for metabolic endotoxemia. This low-grade chronic inflammation, brought about by the influx of inflammatory bacterial fragments into circulation through a malfunctioning gut barrier, has considerable knock-on effects for host adiposity and insulin resistance. Conversely, recent evidence suggests that there are certain bacterial species that may interact with host metabolism through metabolite-mediated stimulation of enteric hormones and other systems outside of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the endocannabinoid system. When the abundance of these keystone species begins to decline, we see a collapse of the symbiosis, reflected in a deterioration of host metabolic health. This review will investigate the intricate axis between the microbiota and host metabolism, while also addressing the promising and novel field of probiotics as metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Patterson
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul M Ryan
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald F Fitzgerald
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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458
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Qin HP, Wang XH. Relationship between small intestinal microbiota and bowel and metabolic diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:375-381. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a vital role in human health and diseases. Colonic microbiota has been deeply studied because it is abundant and easy to get. The small intestine is the main place where most nutrients are digested and absorbed, and the microbiota which dwells in the small intestine has also profound effects on the host. As it is difficult to obtain samples from the small intestine, small intestinal microbiota composition is seldom reported. A few recent studies show that a significant distinction exists in microbiota between the small intestine and colon. The small intestinal microbiota participates in energy storage, intestinal endocrine function and immune maturation of the host. Therefore, more and more studies are focusing on the small intestinal microbiota. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the relationship between small intestinal microbiota and related diseases.
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459
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Uusitalo U, Liu X, Yang J, Aronsson CA, Hummel S, Butterworth M, Lernmark Å, Rewers M, Hagopian W, She JX, Simell O, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Krischer J, Norris JM, Virtanen SM. Association of Early Exposure of Probiotics and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:20-8. [PMID: 26552054 PMCID: PMC4803028 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Probiotics have been hypothesized to affect immunologic responses to environmental exposures by supporting healthy gut microbiota and could therefore theoretically be used to prevent the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated islet autoimmunity. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between supplemental probiotic use during the first year of life and islet autoimmunity among children at increased genetic risk of T1DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this ongoing prospective cohort study that started September 1, 2004, children from 6 clinical centers, 3 in the United States (Colorado, Georgia/Florida, and Washington) and 3 in Europe (Finland, Germany, and Sweden), were followed up for T1DM-related autoantibodies. Blood samples were collected every 3 months between 3 and 48 months of age and every 6 months thereafter to determine persistent islet autoimmunity. Details of infant feeding, including probiotic supplementation and infant formula use, were monitored from birth using questionnaires and diaries. We applied time-to-event analysis to study the association between probiotic use and islet autoimmunity, stratifying by country and adjusting for family history of type 1 diabetes, HLA-DR-DQ genotypes, sex, birth order, mode of delivery, exclusive breastfeeding, birth year, child's antibiotic use, and diarrheal history, as well as maternal age, probiotic use, and smoking. Altogether 8676 infants with an eligible genotype were enrolled in the follow-up study before the age of 4 months. The final sample consisted of 7473 children with the age range of 4 to 10 years (as of October 31, 2014). EXPOSURES Early intake of probiotics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Islet autoimmunity revealed by specific islet autoantibodies. RESULTS Early probiotic supplementation (at the age of 0-27 days) was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity when compared with probiotic supplementation after 27 days or no probiotic supplementation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94). The association was accounted for by children with the DR3/4 genotype (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.74) and was absent among other genotypes (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.62-1.54). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Early probiotic supplementation may reduce the risk of islet autoimmunity in children at the highest genetic risk of T1DM. The result needs to be confirmed in further studies before any recommendation of probiotics use is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Uusitalo
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Xiang Liu
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Jimin Yang
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Sandra Hummel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Munich, Germany
| | - Martha Butterworth
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - William Hagopian
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland8Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anette G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Munich, Germany
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Nutrition Unit, Helsinki, Finland12School of Health Sciences and Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland 13The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospita
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460
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Kowalewska B, Zorena K, Szmigiero-Kawko M, Wąż P, Myśliwiec M. Higher diversity in fungal species discriminates children with type 1 diabetes mellitus from healthy control. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:591-9. [PMID: 27143864 PMCID: PMC4844445 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s97852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct qualitative and quantitative assessment of yeast-like fungi in the feces of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with respect to their metabolic control and duration of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The studied materials included samples of fresh feces collected from 53 children and adolescents with T1DM. Control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Medical history was taken and physical examination was conducted in the two study arms. Prevalence of the yeast-like fungi in the feces was determined as well as their amounts, species diversity, drug susceptibility, and enzymatic activity. RESULTS The yeast-like fungi were found in the samples of feces from 75.4% of T1DM patients and 70% controls. In the group of T1DM patients, no correlation was found between age (Rs=0.253, P=0.068), duration of diabetes (Rs=-0.038, P=0.787), or body mass index (Rs=0.150, P=0.432) and the amount of the yeast-like fungi isolated in the feces. Moreover, no correlation was seen between the amount of the yeast-like fungi and glycated hemoglobin (Rs=0.0324, P=0.823), systolic blood pressure (Rs=0.102, P=0.483), or diastolic blood pressure (Rs=0.271, P=0.345). CONCLUSION Our research has shown that children and adolescents with T1DM show higher species diversity of the yeast-like fungi, with Candida albicans being significantly less prevalent versus control subjects. Moreover, fungal species in patients with T1DM turn out to be more resistant to antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: Katarzyna Zorena, Department of Immunology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland, Tel +48 58 349 1766, Fax +48 58 349 1766, Email
| | | | - Piotr Wąż
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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461
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Dolpady J, Sorini C, Di Pietro C, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, Saita D, Clementi M, Canducci F, Falcone M. Oral Probiotic VSL#3 Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes by Modulating Microbiota and Promoting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Enriched Tolerogenic Intestinal Environment. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7569431. [PMID: 26779542 PMCID: PMC4686713 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7569431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota modulates the autoimmune pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) via mechanisms that remain largely unknown. The inflammasome components are innate immune sensors that are highly influenced by the gut environment and play pivotal roles in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. In this study we show that modifications of the gut microbiota induced by oral treatment with Lactobacillaceae-enriched probiotic VSL#3, alone or in combination with retinoic acid (RA), protect NOD mice from T1D by affecting inflammasome at the intestinal level. In particular, we show that VSL#3 treatment inhibits IL-1β expression while enhancing release of protolerogenic components of the inflammasome, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and IL-33. Those modifications of the intestinal microenvironment in VSL#3-treated NOD mice modulate gut immunity by promoting differentiation of tolerogenic CD103(+) DCs and reducing differentiation/expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells in the intestinal mucosa and at the sites of autoimmunity, that is, within the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) of VSL#3-treated NOD mice. Our data provide a link between dietary factors, microbiota composition, intestinal inflammation, and immune homeostasis in autoimmune diabetes and could pave the way for new therapeutic approaches aimed at changing the intestinal microenvironment with probiotics to counterregulate autoimmunity and prevent T1D.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cellular Microenvironment
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Inflammasomes/immunology
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Intestines/enzymology
- Intestines/immunology
- Intestines/microbiology
- Lactobacillaceae/growth & development
- Lactobacillaceae/immunology
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Probiotics/administration & dosage
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/microbiology
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Dolpady
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Pietro
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosorich
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Saita
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- *Marika Falcone:
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462
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Tejesvi MV, Arvonen M, Kangas SM, Keskitalo PL, Pirttilä AM, Karttunen TJ, Vähäsalo P. Faecal microbiome in new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:363-70. [PMID: 26718942 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbial flora have been linked with autoimmune diseases. Our objective was to analyse the composition of the faecal microbiome of children with new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to healthy controls, and to identify specific gut bacteria associated with JIA. Stool samples from patients were taken at the time of diagnosis of JIA. The microbiome profiles of samples of 30 children with JIA (mean age 6.2 years, 22 girls) were analysed with 16S region-based sequencing profiling and compared to the stool samples of healthy controls (n = 27, mean age 5.4 years, 18 girls). The proportion of bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes was significantly lower in children with JIA [21 % (95 % confident interval [CI]: 17-25 %)] compared to controls [33 % (95 % CI: 26-41 %), p = 0.009]. Bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes were significantly more abundant in JIA [78 % (95 % CI: 74-82 %)] than in control samples [65 % (95 % CI: 57-73 %), p = 0.008]. Shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between the groups revealed that genera Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were present only in JIA patients and Lentisphaerae only in controls. In summary, faecal flora in JIA is characterised by a low level of Firmicutes and an abundance of Bacteroidetes, resembling the aberration reported in type 1 diabetes. We suggest that alterations in the intestinal microbial flora may challenge the mucosal immune system of genetically susceptible subjects predisposing to local proinflammatory cascades, thus contributing to the development of JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Tejesvi
- Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Arvonen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - S M Kangas
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Group of Biomedicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - P L Keskitalo
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A M Pirttilä
- Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T J Karttunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Vähäsalo
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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463
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Bendtsen KM, Fisker L, Hansen AK, Hansen CHF, Nielsen DS. The influence of the young microbiome on inflammatory diseases--Lessons from animal studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:278-95. [PMID: 26663871 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are on the rise in the Westernized world. This rise has been correlated to a range of environmental factors, such as birth mode, rural versus urban living conditions, and use of antibiotics. Such environmental factors also influence early life gut microbiota (GM) colonization and maturation--and there is growing evidence that the negative effects of these factors on human health are mediated via GM alterations. Colonization of the gut initiates priming of the immune system from birth, driving tolerance towards non-harmful microorganisms and dietary antigens and proper reactions towards invading pathogens. This early colonization is crucial for the establishment of a healthy GM, and throughout life the balanced interaction of GM and immune system is a key element in maintaining health. An immune system out of balance increases the risk for later life inflammatory diseases. Animal models are indispensable in the studies of GM influence on disease mechanisms and progression, and focus points include studies of GM modification during pregnancy and perinatal life. Here, we present an overview of animal studies which have contributed to our understanding of GM functions in early life and how alterations affect risk and expression of certain inflammatory diseases with juvenile onset, including interventions, such as birth mode, antibiotics, and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Bendtsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Fisker
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H F Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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464
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Mejía-León ME, Barca AMCDL. Diet, Microbiota and Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes Development and Evolution. Nutrients 2015; 7:9171-84. [PMID: 26561831 PMCID: PMC4663589 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood. The long-term micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes are associated with the leading causes of disability and even mortality in young adults. Understanding the T1D etiology will allow the design of preventive strategies to avoid or delay the T1D onset and to help to maintain control after developing. T1D development involves genetic and environmental factors, such as birth delivery mode, use of antibiotics, and diet. Gut microbiota could be the link between environmental factors, the development of autoimmunity, and T1D. In this review, we will focus on the dietary factor and its relationship with the gut microbiota in the complex process involved in autoimmunity and T1D. The molecular mechanisms involved will also be addressed, and finally, evidence-based strategies for potential primary and secondary prevention of T1D will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Mejía-León
- Department Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carr. La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Ana M Calderón de la Barca
- Department Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carr. La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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465
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Ciubotaru I, Green SJ, Kukreja S, Barengolts E. Significant differences in fecal microbiota are associated with various stages of glucose tolerance in African American male veterans. Transl Res 2015; 166. [PMID: 26209747 PMCID: PMC4916963 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of diabetes remains unknown. This study investigated the relationship between microbiota and metabolic markers in African American men (AAM) with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D. The study was ancillary to a randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation with weekly ergocalciferol (50,000 IU) conducted in AAM veterans over 12 months (D Intervention in Veterans Affairs). Glycemic groups (Gr) were characterized based on changes in oral glucose tolerance between baseline and exit. Subjects with stable normal glucose tolerance were assigned to Gr-1 and those with stable prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose) to Gr-2. Microbiota composition was analyzed in stool collected at the exit (n = 115) and compared between Gr-1 and Gr-2, as well as between the lowest and highest quartiles of dietary intake of energy and fat, hemoglobin A1c, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level. Differences between Gr-1 and Gr-2 included the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and Bacteroidales/Clostridia ratios and differences in genera such as Ruminococcus and Dialister. Changes in specific taxa associated with the lowest and highest quartiles of 25(OH)D (eg, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Blautia, Dorea) were clearly distinct from those of dietary intake (eg, Bacteroides, Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio) or A1c (eg, Faecalibacterium, Catenibacterium, Streptococcus). These findings suggest a novel interaction between microbiota and vitamin D and a role for microbiota in early stages of diabetes development. Although results suggest that specific taxa are associated with glycemic stability over time, a causative relationship between microbiota makeup and dysglycemia is still to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ciubotaru
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stefan J Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Subhash Kukreja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Elena Barengolts
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Ill; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.
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466
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Michels A, Zhang L, Khadra A, Kushner JA, Redondo MJ, Pietropaolo M. Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes: update on success of prediction and struggles at prevention. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16. [PMID: 26202050 PMCID: PMC4592445 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the archetypal example of a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by selective destruction of pancreatic β cells. The pathogenic equation for T1DM presents a complex interrelation of genetic and environmental factors, most of which have yet to be identified. On the basis of observed familial aggregation of T1DM, it is certain that there is a decided heritable genetic susceptibility for developing T1DM. The well-known association of T1DM with certain human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was a major step toward understanding the role of inheritance in T1DM. Type 1 diabetes is a polygenic disease with a small number of genes having large effects (e.g., HLA) and a large number of genes having small effects. Risk of T1DM progression is conferred by specific HLA DR/DQ alleles [e.g., DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 (DR3/DQ2) or DRB1*04-DQB1*0302 (DR4/DQ8)]. In addition, the HLA allele DQB1*0602 is associated with dominant protection from T1DM in multiple populations. A concordance rate lower than 100% between monozygotic twins indicates a potential involvement of environmental factors on disease development. The detection of at least two islet autoantibodies in the blood is virtually pre-diagnostic for T1DM. The majority of children who carry these biomarkers, regardless of whether they have an a priori family history of the disease, will develop insulin-requiring diabetes. Facilitating pre-diagnosis is the timing of seroconversion which is most pronounced in the first 2 yr of life. Unfortunately the significant progress in improving prediction of T1DM has not yet been paralleled by safe and efficacious intervention strategies aimed at preventing the disease. Herein we summarize the chequered history of prediction and prevention of T1DM, describing successes and failures alike, and thereafter examine future trends in the exciting, partially explored field of T1DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Li Zhang
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jake A. Kushner
- Division of Diabetes Pediatric Endocrinology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria J. Redondo
- Division of Diabetes Pediatric Endocrinology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Massimo Pietropaolo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,To Whom Correspondence May be Addressed: Massimo Pietropaolo, M.D., Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Alkek Building for Biomedical Research, R 609, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
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467
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Alkanani AK, Hara N, Gottlieb PA, Ir D, Robertson CE, Wagner BD, Frank DN, Zipris D. Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Correlate With Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:3510-20. [PMID: 26068542 PMCID: PMC4587635 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that alterations in the intestinal microbiota are linked with the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Herein, we present results from a study performed in subjects with islet autoimmunity living in the U.S. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and adjustment for sex, age, autoantibody presence, and HLA indicated that the gut microbiomes of seropositive subjects differed from those of autoantibody-free first-degree relatives (FDRs) in the abundance of four taxa. Furthermore, subjects with autoantibodies, seronegative FDRs, and new-onset patients had different levels of the Firmicutes genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus compared with healthy control subjects with no family history of autoimmunity. Further analysis revealed trends toward increased and reduced abundances of the Bacteroidetes genera Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively, in seropositive subjects with multiple versus one autoantibody. Canonical discriminant analysis suggested that the gut microbiomes of autoantibody-positive individuals and seronegative FDRs clustered together but separate from those of new-onset patients and unrelated healthy control subjects. Finally, no differences in biodiversity were evident in seropositive versus seronegative FDRs. These observations suggest that altered intestinal microbiota may be associated with disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimon K Alkanani
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Naoko Hara
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO University of Colorado Denver Microbiome Research Consortium, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- University of Colorado Denver Microbiome Research Consortium, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO University of Colorado Denver Microbiome Research Consortium, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Danny Zipris
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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468
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Mejía-León ME, Calderón de la Barca AM. Comment on Alkanani et al. Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Correlate With Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015;64:3510-3520. Diabetes 2015; 64:e40. [PMID: 26405281 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Mejía-León
- Department of Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Ana María Calderón de la Barca
- Department of Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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469
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Balasubramanian H, Patole S. Early probiotics to prevent childhood metabolic syndrome: A systematic review. World J Methodol 2015; 5:157-163. [PMID: 26413489 PMCID: PMC4572029 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To conduct a systematic review of studies on early probiotic supplementation to prevent childhood metabolic syndrome (MS).
METHODS: Using the Cochrane systematic review strategy we searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and the conference proceedings of the Pediatric American Society meetings and trial registries in December 2014. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non RCTs of probiotic supplementation to the mother and/or infant for a minimum duration of 4 wk were selected. Of these, studies that reported on MS or its components (obesity, raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia) in children between 2-19 years were to be eligible for inclusion in the review. Risk of bias (ROB) in selected RCTs and quality assessment of non-RCT studies were to be assessed by the Cochrane ROB assessment table and New Castle Ottawa scale.
RESULTS: There were no studies on early probiotic administration for prevention of childhood MS (CMS). Follow up studies of two placebo controlled RCTs (n = 233) reported on the effects of early probiotics on one or more components of MS in children aged 2-19 years. Meta-analysis of those two studies could not be performed due to differences in the patient population, type of outcomes studied and the timing of their assessment. Assessment of childhood metabolic outcomes was not the primary objective of these studies. The first study that assessed the effects of prenatal and postnatal supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on body mass index till 10 years, did not report a significant benefit. In the second study, Lactobacillus paracasei 19 was supplemented to healthy term infants from 4-13 mo. No significant effect on body mass index, body composition or metabolic markers was detected.
CONCLUSION: Current evidence on early probiotic administration to prevent CMS is inadequate. Gaps in knowledge need to be addressed before large RCTs can be planned.
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470
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Hu Y, Peng J, Tai N, Hu C, Zhang X, Wong FS, Wen L. Maternal Antibiotic Treatment Protects Offspring from Diabetes Development in Nonobese Diabetic Mice by Generation of Tolerogenic APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4176-84. [PMID: 26401004 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that involves the slow, progressive destruction of islet β cells and loss of insulin production, as a result of interaction with environmental factors, in genetically susceptible individuals. The gut microbiome is established very early in life. Commensal microbiota establish mutualism with the host and form an important part of the environment to which individuals are exposed in the gut, providing nutrients and shaping immune responses. In this study, we studied the impact of targeting most Gram-negative bacteria in the gut of NOD mice at different time points in their life, using a combination of three antibiotics--neomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin--on diabetes development. We found that the prenatal period is a critical time for shaping the immune tolerance in the progeny, influencing development of autoimmune diabetes. Prenatal neomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin treatment protected NOD mice from diabetes development through alterations in the gut microbiota, as well as induction of tolerogenic APCs, which led to reduced activation of diabetogenic CD8 T cells. Most importantly, we found that the protective effect was age dependent, and the most profound protection was found when the mice were treated before birth. This indicates the importance of the prenatal environment and early exposure to commensal bacteria in shaping the host immune system and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Ningwen Tai
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Changyun Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - F Susan Wong
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
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471
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Angelakis E, Armougom F, Carrière F, Bachar D, Laugier R, Lagier JC, Robert C, Michelle C, Henrissat B, Raoult D. A Metagenomic Investigation of the Duodenal Microbiota Reveals Links with Obesity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137784. [PMID: 26356733 PMCID: PMC4565581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have tested the small intestine microbiota in humans, where most nutrient digestion and absorption occur. Here, our objective was to examine the duodenal microbiota between obese and normal volunteers using metagenomic techniques. Methodology/Principal Findings We tested duodenal samples from five obese and five normal volunteers using 16S rDNA V6 pyrosequencing and Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing. The predominant phyla of the duodenal microbiota were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes were absent. Obese individuals had a significant increase in anaerobic genera (p < 0.001) and a higher abundance of genes encoding Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (p = 0.0018) compared to the control group. Obese individuals also had a reduced abundance of genes encoding sucrose phosphorylase (p = 0.015) and 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (p = 0.05). Normal weight people had significantly increased FabK (p = 0.027), and the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway revealed the presence of phospholipase A1 only in the control group (p = 0.05). Conclusions/Significance The duodenal microbiota of obese individuals exhibit alterations in the fatty acid and sucrose breakdown pathways, probably induced by diet imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Armougom
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282 Enzymology at Interfaces and Physiology of Lipolysis, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Dipankar Bachar
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - René Laugier
- Hepato-gastroenterology Department, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Robert
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Michelle
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Didier Raoult
- URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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472
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Daft JG, Lorenz RG. Role of the gastrointestinal ecosystem in the development of type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:407-18. [PMID: 25952017 PMCID: PMC4534320 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new emphasis has been put on the role of the gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem in autoimmune diseases; however, there is limited knowledge about its role in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Distinct differences have been observed in intestinal permeability, epithelial barrier function, commensal microbiota, and mucosal innate and adaptive immunity of patients and animals with T1D, when compared with healthy controls. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the BioBreeding diabetes prone (BBdp) rat are the most commonly used models to study T1D pathogenesis. With the increasing awareness of the importance of the GI ecosystem in systemic disease, it is critical to understand the basics, as well as the similarities and differences between rat and mouse models and human patients. This review examines the current knowledge of the role of the GI ecosystem in T1D and indicates the extensive opportunities for further investigation that could lead to biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for disease prevention and/or modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin G. Lorenz
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Robin G. Lorenz, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., SHEL 602, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182. Phone: 205-934-0676. Fax. 205-996-9113.
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473
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Tran CD, Grice DM, Wade B, Kerr CA, Bauer DC, Li D, Hannan GN. Gut permeability, its interaction with gut microflora and effects on metabolic health are mediated by the lymphatics system, liver and bile acid. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1339-53. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to link obesity (and metabolic syndrome) with alterations in gut permeability and microbiota. The underlying mechanisms have been questioned and have prompted this review. We propose that the gut barrier function is a primary driver in maintaining metabolic health with poor health being linked to ‘gut leakiness'. This review will highlight changes in intestinal permeability and how it may change gut microflora and subsequently affect metabolic health by influencing the functioning of major bodily organs/organ systems: the lymphatic system, liver and pancreas. We also discuss the likelihood that metabolic syndrome undergoes a cyclic worsening facilitated by an increase in intestinal permeability leading to gut dysbiosis, culminating in ongoing poor health leading to further exacerbated gut leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong D Tran
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Desma M Grice
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Ben Wade
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Geelong, VIC 3219, Australia
| | - Caroline A Kerr
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Denis C Bauer
- CSIRO Digital Productivity & Services Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Dongmei Li
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Garry N Hannan
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
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474
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Beyerlein A, Liu X, Uusitalo UM, Harsunen M, Norris JM, Foterek K, Virtanen SM, Rewers MJ, She JX, Simell O, Lernmark Å, Hagopian W, Akolkar B, Ziegler AG, Krischer JP, Hummel S. Dietary intake of soluble fiber and risk of islet autoimmunity by 5 y of age: results from the TEDDY study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:345-52. [PMID: 26156735 PMCID: PMC4515865 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient soluble fiber intake has been suggested to dysregulate the immune response either directly or through alterations of the microbial composition in the gut. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a high intake of dietary soluble fiber in early childhood decreases the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated islet autoimmunity. DESIGN We analyzed 17,620 food records collected between age 9 and 48 mo from 3358 children from the United States and Germany prospectively followed in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. HRs for the development of any/multiple islet autoantibodies (242 and 151 events, respectively) and T1D (71 events) by soluble fiber intake were calculated in Cox regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS There were no statistically significantly protective associations observed between a high intake of soluble fiber and islet autoimmunity or T1D. For example, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for high intake (highest compared with lowest quintile) at age 12 mo were 0.90 (0.55, 1.45) for any islet autoantibody, 1.20 (0.69, 2.11) for multiple islet autoantibodies, and 1.24 (0.57, 2.70) for T1D. In analyzing soluble fiber intake as a time-varying covariate, there were also no short-term associations between soluble fiber intake and islet autoimmunity development, with adjusted HRs of 0.85 (0.51, 1.42) for high intake and development of any islet autoantibody, for example. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the intake level of dietary soluble fiber is not associated with islet autoimmunity or T1D in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beyerlein
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany;
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ulla M Uusitalo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Minna Harsunen
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jill M Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristina Foterek
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition (Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Unit of Nutrition, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sandra Hummel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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475
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Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:736-42.e4. [PMID: 26272781 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate gut microbiome in relation to recent high-intensity sweetener consumption in healthy adults. METHODS Thirty-one adults completed a four-day food record and provided a fecal sample on the fifth day. Bacterial community in the samples was analyzed using multitag pyrosequencing. Across consumers and nonconsumers of aspartame and acesulfame-K, bacterial abundance was compared using nonparametric statistics, and bacterial diversity was compared using UniFrac analysis. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to predict mean relative abundance of gene function. RESULTS There were seven aspartame consumers and seven acesulfame-K consumers. Three individuals overlapped groups, consuming both sweeteners. There were no differences in median bacterial abundance (class or order) across consumers and nonconsumers of either sweetener. Overall bacterial diversity was different across nonconsumers and consumers of aspartame (P < .01) and acesulfame-K (P = .03). Mean predicted gene abundance did not differ across consumers and nonconsumers of aspartame or acesulfame-K. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial abundance profiles and predicted gene function were not associated with recent dietary high-intensity sweetener consumption. However, bacterial diversity differed across consumers and nonconsumers. Given the increasing consumption of sweeteners and the role that the microbiome may have in chronic disease outcomes, work in further studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA; Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, VA.
| | - Masoumeh Sikaroodi
- Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, VA; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Evan Lamb
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Sarah Shoemaker
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Patrick M Gillevet
- Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, VA; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
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476
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Gülden E, Wong FS, Wen L. The gut microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:143-53. [PMID: 26051037 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial, immune-mediated disease, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of autologous insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The risk of developing T1D is determined by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. In the past few decades there has been a continuous rise in the incidence of T1D, which cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Changes in our lifestyle that include diet, hygiene, and antibiotic usage have already been suggested to be causal factors for this rising T1D incidence. Only recently have microbiota, which are affected by all these factors, been recognized as key environmental factors affecting T1D development. In this review we will summarize current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota on T1D development and give an outlook on the potential to design new microbiota-based therapies in the prevention and treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gülden
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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477
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Boursi B, Mamtani R, Haynes K, Yang YX. The effect of past antibiotic exposure on diabetes risk. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:639-48. [PMID: 25805893 PMCID: PMC4525475 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota influence metabolic pathways related to the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin-resistance and diabetes. Antibiotic therapy can alter the microbiota, and is commonly used in western countries. We sought to evaluate whether past antibiotic exposure increases diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study using a large population-based database from the UK. The cases were defined as those with incident diagnosis of diabetes. For every case, four eligible controls matched on age, sex, practice-site, and duration of follow-up before index-date were selected using incidence-density sampling. Exposure of interest was antibiotic therapy >1 year before index-date. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. The risk was adjusted for BMI, smoking, last glucose level, and number of infections before index-date, as well as past medical history of coronary artery disease and hyperlipidaemia. RESULTS The study included 208 002 diabetic cases and 815 576 matched controls. Exposure to a single antibiotic prescription was not associated with higher adjusted diabetes risk. Treatment with two to five antibiotic courses was associated with increase in diabetic risk for penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones with adjusted OR ranging from 1.08 (95% CI 1.05-1.11) for penicillin to 1.15 (95% CI 1.08-1.23) for quinolones. The risk increased with the number of antibiotic courses and reached 1.37 (95% CI 1.19-1.58) for more than 5 courses of quinolones. There was no association between exposure to anti-virals and anti-fungals and diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to certain antibiotic groups increases diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Boursi
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronac Mamtani
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Haynes
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Xiao Yang
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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478
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Kurakawa T, Ogata K, Matsuda K, Tsuji H, Kubota H, Takada T, Kado Y, Asahara T, Takahashi T, Nomoto K. Diversity of Intestinal Clostridium coccoides Group in the Japanese Population, as Demonstrated by Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126226. [PMID: 26000453 PMCID: PMC4441462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We used sensitive rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to quantify the Clostridium coccoides group, which is a major anaerobic population in the human intestine. For this purpose, the C. coccoides group was classified into 3 subgroups and 19 species for expediency in accordance with the existing database, and specific primers were newly developed to evaluate them. Population levels of the C. coccoides group in human feces determined by RT-qPCR were equivalent to those determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RT-qPCR analysis of fecal samples from 96 volunteers (32 young children, 32 adults and 32 elderly) by using the 22 new primer sets together with the C. coccoides group-specific primer setm revealed that (i) total counts obtained as the sum of the 3 subgroups and 19 species were equivalent to the results obtained by using the C. coccoides group-specific primer set; (ii) total C. coccoides-group counts in the elderly were significantly lower than those in young children and adults; (iii) genus Blautia was the most common subgroup in the human intestinal C. coccoides-group populations at all age populations tested; (iv) the prevalences of Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans and genus Dorea were significantly higher in adults than in young children and the elderly; and (v) the prevalences of C. scindens and C. hylemonae, both of which produce secondary bile acid in the human intestine, were significantly higher in the elderly than in young children and adults. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed clear separation of the bacterial components between adult and elderly populations. Taken together, these data suggest that aging plays an important role in the diversity of C. coccoides-group populations in human intestinal microbiota; changes in this diversity likely influence the health of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurakawa
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kiyohito Ogata
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology, ESV, Technologiepark 4, Gent-Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takada
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kado
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Yakult Central Institute, 5–11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186–8650, Japan
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479
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Candon S, Perez-Arroyo A, Marquet C, Valette F, Foray AP, Pelletier B, Milani C, Ventura M, Bach JF, Chatenoud L. Antibiotics in early life alter the gut microbiome and increase disease incidence in a spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125448. [PMID: 25970503 PMCID: PMC4430542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-dependent or type 1 diabetes is a prototypic autoimmune disease whose incidence steadily increased over the past decades in industrialized countries. Recent evidence suggests the importance of the gut microbiota to explain this trend. Here, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that spontaneously develop autoimmune type 1 diabetes were treated with different antibiotics to explore the influence of a targeted intestinal dysbiosis in the progression of the disease. A mixture of wide spectrum antibiotics (i.e. streptomycin, colistin and ampicillin) or vancomycin alone were administered orally from the moment of conception, treating breeding pairs, and during the postnatal and adult life until the end of follow-up at 40 weeks. Diabetes incidence significantly and similarly increased in male mice following treatment with these two antibiotic regimens. In NOD females a slight yet not significant trend towards an increase in disease incidence was observed. Changes in gut microbiota composition were assessed by sequencing the V3 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Administration of the antibiotic mixture resulted in near complete ablation of the gut microbiota. Vancomycin treatment led to increased Escherichia, Lactobacillus and Sutterella genera and decreased members of the Clostridiales order and Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae families, as compared to control mice. Massive elimination of IL-17-producing cells, both CD4+TCRαβ+ and TCRγδ+ T cells was observed in the lamina propria of the ileum and the colon of vancomycin-treated mice. These results show that a directed even partial ablation of the gut microbiota, as induced by vancomycin, significantly increases type 1 diabetes incidence in male NOD mice thus prompting for caution in the use of antibiotics in pregnant women and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Candon
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Perez-Arroyo
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Marquet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Valette
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Perrine Foray
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Pelletier
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Cristian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jean-François Bach
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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480
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Gomez A, Luckey D, Taneja V. The gut microbiome in autoimmunity: Sex matters. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:154-62. [PMID: 25956531 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis are multifactorial in nature, requiring both genetic and environmental factors for onset. Increased predisposition of females to a wide range of autoimmune diseases points to a gender bias in the multifactorial etiology of these disorders. However, the existing evidence to date has not provided any conclusive mechanism of gender-bias beyond the role of hormones and sex chromosomes. The gut microbiome, which impacts the innate and adaptive branches of immunity, not only influences the development of autoimmune disorders but may interact with sex-hormones to modulate disease progression and sex-bias. Here, we review the current information on gender bias in autoimmunity and discuss the potential of microbiome-derived biomarkers to help unravel the complex interplay between genes, environment and hormones in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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481
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Kanayama M, He YW, Shinohara ML. The lung is protected from spontaneous inflammation by autophagy in myeloid cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5465-71. [PMID: 25911758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to the outer environment; thus, it must maintain a state of immune ignorance or tolerance not to overrespond to harmless environmental stimuli. How cells in the lung control immune responses under nonpathogenic condition is not fully understood. In this study, we found that autophagy plays a critical role in the lung-specific immune regulation that prevents spontaneous inflammation. Autophagy in pulmonary myeloid cells plays a role in maintaining low burdens of environmental microbes in the lung, as well as in lowering mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and preventing overresponse to TLR4 ligands in alveolar macrophages. Based on these mechanisms, we also found that intranasal instillation of antibiotics or an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species was efficient in preventing spontaneous pulmonary inflammation. Thus, autophagy in myeloid cells, particularly alveolar macrophages, is critical for inhibiting spontaneous pulmonary inflammation, and pulmonary inflammation caused by dysfunctional autophagy is pharmacologically prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kanayama
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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482
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Zhang YJ, Li S, Gan RY, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li HB. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7493-519. [PMID: 25849657 PMCID: PMC4425030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria are an important component of the microbiota ecosystem in the human gut, which is colonized by 1014 microbes, ten times more than the human cells. Gut bacteria play an important role in human health, such as supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function. However, they can also be potentially harmful due to the change of their composition when the gut ecosystem undergoes abnormal changes in the light of the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle. Dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism. This review summarizes and discusses the roles and potential mechanisms of gut bacteria in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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483
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Can exposure to environmental chemicals increase the risk of diabetes type 1 development? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:208947. [PMID: 25883945 PMCID: PMC4391693 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, where destruction of beta-cells causes insulin deficiency. The incidence of T1DM has increased in the last decades and cannot entirely be explained by genetic predisposition. Several environmental factors are suggested to promote T1DM, like early childhood enteroviral infections and nutritional factors, but the evidence is inconclusive. Prenatal and early life exposure to environmental pollutants like phthalates, bisphenol A, perfluorinated compounds, PCBs, dioxins, toxicants, and air pollutants can have negative effects on the developing immune system, resulting in asthma-like symptoms and increased susceptibility to childhood infections. In this review the associations between environmental chemical exposure and T1DM development is summarized. Although information on environmental chemicals as possible triggers for T1DM is sparse, we conclude that it is plausible that environmental chemicals can contribute to T1DM development via impaired pancreatic beta-cell and immune-cell functions and immunomodulation. Several environmental factors and chemicals could act together to trigger T1DM development in genetically susceptible individuals, possibly via hormonal or epigenetic alterations. Further observational T1DM cohort studies and animal exposure experiments are encouraged.
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484
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Samsel A, Seneff S. Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases III: Manganese, neurological diseases, and associated pathologies. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:45. [PMID: 25883837 PMCID: PMC4392553 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.153876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an often overlooked but important nutrient, required in small amounts for multiple essential functions in the body. A recent study on cows fed genetically modified Roundup(®)-Ready feed revealed a severe depletion of serum Mn. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup(®), has also been shown to severely deplete Mn levels in plants. Here, we investigate the impact of Mn on physiology, and its association with gut dysbiosis as well as neuropathologies such as autism, Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, anxiety syndrome, Parkinson's disease (PD), and prion diseases. Glutamate overexpression in the brain in association with autism, AD, and other neurological diseases can be explained by Mn deficiency. Mn superoxide dismutase protects mitochondria from oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of autism and Alzheimer's. Chondroitin sulfate synthesis depends on Mn, and its deficiency leads to osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Lactobacillus, depleted in autism, depend critically on Mn for antioxidant protection. Lactobacillus probiotics can treat anxiety, which is a comorbidity of autism and chronic fatigue syndrome. Reduced gut Lactobacillus leads to overgrowth of the pathogen, Salmonella, which is resistant to glyphosate toxicity, and Mn plays a role here as well. Sperm motility depends on Mn, and this may partially explain increased rates of infertility and birth defects. We further reason that, under conditions of adequate Mn in the diet, glyphosate, through its disruption of bile acid homeostasis, ironically promotes toxic accumulation of Mn in the brainstem, leading to conditions such as PD and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Samsel
- Research Scientist and Consultant, Deerfield, NH 03037, USA
| | - Stephanie Seneff
- Spoken Language Systems Group, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
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485
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The bacterial communities associated with fecal types and body weight of rex rabbits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9342. [PMID: 25791609 PMCID: PMC4366860 DOI: 10.1038/srep09342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rex rabbit is an important small herbivore for fur and meat production. However, little is known about the gut microbiota in rex rabbit, especially regarding their relationship with different fecal types and growth of the hosts. We characterized the microbiota of both hard and soft feces from rex rabbits with high and low body weight by using the Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V4 region of the 16S rDNA. High weight rex rabbits possess distinctive microbiota in hard feces, but not in soft feces, from the low weight group. We detected the overrepresentation of several genera such as YS2/Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidales and underrepresentation of genera such as Anaeroplasma spp. and Clostridiaceae in high weight hard feces. Between fecal types, several bacterial taxa such as Ruminococcaceae, and Akkermansia spp. were enriched in soft feces. PICRUSt analysis revealed that metabolic pathways such as “stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, gingerol biosynthesis” were enriched in high weight rabbits, and pathways related to “xenobiotics biodegradation” and “various types of N-glycan biosynthesis” were overrepresented in rabbit soft feces. Our study provides foundation to generate hypothesis aiming to test the roles that different bacterial taxa play in the growth and caecotrophy of rex rabbits.
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486
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Targeting gut microbiota as a possible therapy for diabetes. Nutr Res 2015; 35:361-7. [PMID: 25818484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has increased rapidly across the entire world in the last 2 decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with diabetes are characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis. However, there are still substantial controversies regarding altered composition of the gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota interact with the body's metabolism. The purpose of this review is to define the association between gut microbiota and diabetes. In doing so an electronic search of studies published in English from January 2004 to the November 2014 in the National Library of Medicine, including the original studies that addressed the effects of gut microbiota on diabetes, energy metabolism, inflammation, the immune system, gut permeability and insulin resistance, was performed. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota are involved in the development of diabetes, including energy metabolism, inflammation, the innate immune system, and the bowel function of the intestinal barrier. The compositional changes in the gut microbiota in type 2 and type 1 diabetes are also discussed. Moreover, we introduce the new findings of fecal transplantation, and use of probiotics and prebiotics as new treatment strategies for diabetes. Future research should be focused on defining the primary species of the gut microbiota and their exact roles in diabetes, potentially increasing the possibility of fecal transplants as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
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487
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West CE, Renz H, Jenmalm MC, Kozyrskyj AL, Allen KJ, Vuillermin P, Prescott SL. The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:3-13; quiz 14. [PMID: 25567038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid environmental transition and modern lifestyles are likely driving changes in the biodiversity of the human gut microbiota. With clear effects on physiologic, immunologic, and metabolic processes in human health, aberrations in the gut microbiome and intestinal homeostasis have the capacity for multisystem effects. Changes in microbial composition are implicated in the increasing propensity for a broad range of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). There are also suggestive implications for neurodevelopment and mental health. These diverse multisystem influences have sparked interest in strategies that might favorably modulate the gut microbiota to reduce the risk of many NCDs. For example, specific prebiotics promote favorable intestinal colonization, and their fermented products have anti-inflammatory properties. Specific probiotics also have immunomodulatory and metabolic effects. However, when evaluated in clinical trials, the effects are variable, preliminary, or limited in magnitude. Fecal microbiota transplantation is another emerging therapy that regulates inflammation in experimental models. In human subjects it has been successfully used in cases of Clostridium difficile infection and IBD, although controlled trials are lacking for IBD. Here we discuss relationships between gut colonization and inflammatory NCDs and gut microbiota modulation strategies for their treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E West
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Harald Renz
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katrina J Allen
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Child Health research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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488
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Tai N, Wong FS, Wen L. The role of gut microbiota in the development of type 1, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:55-65. [PMID: 25619480 PMCID: PMC4348024 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-015-9309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and has become a major public health concern. Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin resistant type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the two main types. A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of these diseases. Gut microbiota have emerged recently as an essential player in the development of T1D, T2D and obesity. Altered gut microbiota have been strongly linked to disease in both rodent models and humans. Both classic 16S rRNA sequencing and shot-gun metagenomic pyrosequencing analysis have been successfully applied to explore the gut microbiota composition and functionality. This review focuses on the association between gut microbiota and diabetes and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate disease development in T1D, T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwen Tai
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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489
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Krych Ł, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Hansen CHF. Gut microbial markers are associated with diabetes onset, regulatory imbalance, and IFN-γ level in NOD mice. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:101-9. [PMID: 25648687 PMCID: PMC4615729 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1011876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota regulated imbalances in the host's immune profile seem to be an important factor in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and identifying bacterial markers for T1D may therefore be useful in diagnosis and prevention of T1D. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link between the early gut microbiota and immune parameters of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice in order to select alleged bacterial markers of T1D. Gut microbial composition in feces was analyzed with 454/FLX Titanium (Roche) pyro-sequencing and correlated with diabetes onset age and immune cell populations measured in diabetic and non-diabetic mice at 30 weeks of age. The early gut microbiota composition was found to be different between NOD mice that later in life were classified as diabetic or non-diabetic. Those differences were further associated with changes in FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells, CD11b(+) dendritic cells, and IFN-γ production. The model proposed in this work suggests that operational taxonomic units classified to S24-7, Prevotella, and an unknown Bacteriodales (all Bacteroidetes) act in favor of diabetes protection whereas members of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospira (all Firmicutes) promote pathogenesis.
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Key Words
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DC, dendritic cell
- FoxP3, forkhead box
- IFN, interferon
- IFN-γ
- MLN, mesenteric lymph node
- NKT, natural killer T cell
- NOD mice
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PCoA, principal coordinate analysis
- PLN, pancreatic lymph node
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- Type 1 diabetes
- gut microbiota
- regulatory immunity
- siLP, small intestinal lamina propria
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Krych
- Department of Food Science; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark,Correspondence to: Ł Krych;
| | - DS Nielsen
- Department of Food Science; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - AK Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - CHF Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
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490
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Abstract
The microbiota of the human metaorganism is not a mere bystander. These microbes have coevolved with us and are pivotal to normal development and homoeostasis. Dysbiosis of the GI microbiota is associated with many disease susceptibilities, including obesity, malignancy, liver disease and GI pathology such as IBD. It is clear that there is direct and indirect crosstalk between this microbial community and host immune response. However, the precise mechanism of this microbial influence in disease pathogenesis remains elusive and is now a major research focus. There is emerging literature on the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, with clear and increasing evidence that changes in the microbiota are associated with some of these diseases. Examples include type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and these contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality. Understanding the role of the microbiota in autoimmune diseases may offer novel insight into factors that initiate and drive disease progression, stratify patient risk for complications and ultimately deliver new therapeutic strategies. This review summarises the current status on the role of the microbiota in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi H McLean
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dario Dieguez
- Society for Women’s Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey M Miller
- Society for Women’s Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Howard A Young
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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491
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Kemppainen KM, Ardissone AN, Davis-Richardson AG, Fagen JR, Gano KA, León-Novelo LG, Vehik K, Casella G, Simell O, Ziegler AG, Rewers MJ, Lernmark Å, Hagopian W, She JX, Krischer JP, Akolkar B, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Triplett EW. Early childhood gut microbiomes show strong geographic differences among subjects at high risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:329-32. [PMID: 25519450 PMCID: PMC4302256 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes. This pilot study determines how geographical location affects the microbiome of infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes in a population of homogenous HLA class II genotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples collected from 90 high-risk, nonautoimmune infants participating in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study in the U.S., Germany, Sweden, and Finland. RESULTS Study site-specific patterns of gut colonization share characteristics across continents. Finland and Colorado have a significantly lower bacterial diversity, while Sweden and Washington state are dominated by Bifidobacterium in early life. Bacterial community diversity over time is significantly different by geographical location. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome of high-risk infants is associated with geographical location. Future studies aiming to identify the microbiome disease phenotype need to carefully consider the geographical origin of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Kemppainen
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alexandria N Ardissone
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Austin G Davis-Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jennie R Fagen
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelsey A Gano
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Luis G León-Novelo
- Department of Mathematics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - George Casella
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anette G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Desmond A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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492
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Altered CD161 bright CD8+ mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT)-like cell dynamics and increased differentiation states among juvenile type 1 diabetics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117335. [PMID: 25625430 PMCID: PMC4307988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1A diabetes (T1D) is believed to be caused by immune-mediated destruction of β-cells, but the immunological basis for T1D remains controversial. Microbial diversity promotes the maturation and activation of certain immune subsets, including CD161bright CD8+ mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and alterations in gut mucosal responses have been reported in type 1 diabetics (T1Ds). We analyzed T cell populations in peripheral blood leukocytes from juvenile T1Ds and healthy controls. We found that proportion and absolute number of MAIT cells were similar between T1Ds and controls. Furthermore, while MAIT cell proportions increased with age among healthy controls, this trend was not observed among long-standing T1Ds. Additionally, the CD27- MAIT cell subset is significantly increased in T1Ds and positively correlated with HbA1c levels. However, after T1Ds are stratified by age, the younger group has significantly increased proportions of CD27- MAIT cells compared to age-matched controls, and this proportional increase appears to be independent of HbA1c levels. Finally, we analyzed function of the CD27- MAIT cells and observed that IL-17A production is increased in CD27- compared to CD27+ MAIT cells. Overall, our data reveal disparate MAIT cell dynamics between T1Ds and controls, as well as signs of increased MAIT cell activation in T1Ds. These changes may be linked to hyperglycemia and increased mucosal challenge among T1Ds.
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493
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Sanz Y, Olivares M, Moya-Pérez Á, Agostoni C. Understanding the role of gut microbiome in metabolic disease risk. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:236-44. [PMID: 25314581 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota structure, dynamics, and function result from interactions with environmental and host factors, which jointly influence the communication between the gut and peripheral tissues, thereby contributing to health programming and disease risk. Incidence of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes has increased during the past decades, suggesting that there have been changes in the interactions between predisposing genetic and environmental factors. Animal studies show that gut microbiota and its genome (microbiome) influence alterations in energy balance (increased energy harvest) and immunity (inflammation and autoimmunity), leading to metabolic dysfunction (e.g., insulin resistance and deficiency). Thus, although they have different origins, both disorders are linked by the association of the gut microbiota with the immune-metabolic axis. Human studies have also revealed shifts in microbiome signatures in diseased subjects as compared with controls, and a few of them precede the development of these disorders. These studies contribute to pinpointing specific microbiome components and functions (e.g., butyrate-producing bacteria) that can protect against both disorders. These could exert protective roles by strengthening gut barrier function and regulating inflammation, as alterations in these are a pathophysiological feature of both disorders, constituting common targets for future preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela Moya-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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494
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Abstract
Neonates face unique challenges in the period following birth. The postnatal immune system is in the early stages of development and has a range of functional capabilities that are distinct from the mature adult immune system. Bidirectional immune-microbial interactions regulate the development of mucosal immunity and alter the composition of the microbiota, which contributes to overall host well-being. In the past few years, nutrition has been highlighted as a third element in this interaction that governs host health by modulating microbial composition and the function of the immune system. Dietary changes and imbalances can disturb the immune-microbiota homeostasis, which might alter susceptibility to several autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Major changes in cultural traditions, socioeconomic status and agriculture are affecting the nutritional status of humans worldwide, which is altering core intestinal microbial communities. This phenomenon is especially relevant to the neonatal and paediatric populations, in which the microbiota and immune system are extremely sensitive to dietary influences. In this Review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding early-life nutrition, its effects on the microbiota and the consequences of diet-induced perturbation of the structure of the microbial community on mucosal immunity and disease susceptibility.
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495
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Daft JG, Ptacek T, Kumar R, Morrow C, Lorenz RG. Cross-fostering immediately after birth induces a permanent microbiota shift that is shaped by the nursing mother. MICROBIOME 2015; 3:17. [PMID: 25969735 PMCID: PMC4427954 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-015-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research has led to the appreciation that there are differences in the commensal microbiota between healthy individuals and individuals that are predisposed to disease. Treatments to reverse disease pathogenesis through the manipulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota are now being explored. Normalizing microbiota between different strains of mice in the same study is also needed to better understand disease pathogenesis. Current approaches require repeated delivery of bacteria and large numbers of animals and vary in treatment start time. A method is needed that can shift the microbiota of predisposed individuals to a healthy microbiota at an early age and sustain this shift through the lifetime of the individual. RESULTS We tested cross-fostering of pups within 48 h of birth as a means to permanently shift the microbiota from birth. Taxonomical analysis revealed that the nursing mother was the critical factor in determining bacterial colonization, instead of the birth mother. Data was evaluated using bacterial 16S rDNA sequences from fecal pellets and sequencing was performed on an Illumina Miseq using a 251 bp paired-end library. CONCLUSIONS The results show that cross-fostering is an effective means to induce an early and maintained shift in the commensal microbiota. This will allow for the evaluation of a prolonged microbial shift and its effects on disease pathogenesis. Cross-fostering will also eliminate variation within control models by normalizing the commensal microbiota between different strains of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Daft
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 602, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, SHEL 1207, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Travis Ptacek
- />Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3201 1st Avenue North, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1924 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- />Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1924 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Casey Morrow
- />Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Robin G Lorenz
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 602, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, SHEL 1207, Birmingham, AL USA
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496
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Ross MC, Muzny DM, McCormick JB, Gibbs RA, Fisher-Hoch SP, Petrosino JF. 16S gut community of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort. MICROBIOME 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 25763184 PMCID: PMC4355967 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-015-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major public health concerns worldwide, and their prevalence has only increased in recent years. Mexican Americans are disproportionately afflicted by obesity and T2D, and rates are even higher in the United States-Mexico border region. To determine the factors associated with the increased risk of T2D, obesity, and other diseases in this population, the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort was established in 2004. RESULTS In this study, we characterized the 16S gut community of a subset of 63 subjects from this unique cohort. We found that these communities, when compared to Human Microbiome Project subjects, exhibit community shifts often observed in obese and T2D individuals in published studies. We also examined microbial network relationships between operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) and three additional datasets. We identified a group of seven genera that form a tightly interconnected network present in all four tested datasets, dominated by butyrate producers, which are often increased in obese individuals while being depleted in T2D patients. CONCLUSIONS Through a combination of increased disease prevalence and relatively high gut microbial homogeneity in the subset of CCHC members we examined, we believe that the CCHC may represent an ideal community to dissect mechanisms underlying the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease. The lack of CCHC subject gut community segregation based on all tested metadata suggests that the community structure we observe in the CCHC likely occurs early in life, and endures. This persistent 'disease'-related gut microbial community in CCHC subjects may enhance existing genetic or lifestyle predispositions to the prevalent diseases of the CCHC, leading to increased attack rates of obesity, T2D, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Ross
- />Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- />Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- />Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Richard A Gibbs
- />Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Joseph F Petrosino
- />Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- />Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- />Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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497
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Moreno-Indias I, Torres M, Montserrat JM, Sanchez-Alcoholado L, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ, Gozal D, Poroyko VA, Navajas D, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Farré R. Intermittent hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model of sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:1055-65. [PMID: 25537565 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether intermittent hypoxia, which emulates one of the hallmarks of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to altered faecal microbiome in a murine model. In vivo partial pressure of oxygen was measured in colonic faeces during intermittent hypoxia in four anesthetised mice. 10 mice were subjected to a pattern of chronic intermittent hypoxia (20 s at 5% O2 and 40 s at room air for 6 h·day(-1)) for 6 weeks and 10 mice served as normoxic controls. Faecal samples were obtained and microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. Intermittent hypoxia exposures translated into hypoxia/re-oxygenation patterns in the faeces proximal to the bowel epithelium (<200 μm). A significant effect of intermittent hypoxia on global microbial community structure was found. Intermittent hypoxia increased the α-diversity (Shannon index, p<0.05) and induced a change in the gut microbiota (ANOSIM analysis of β-diversity, p<0.05). Specifically, intermittent hypoxia-exposed mice showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a smaller abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla than controls. Faecal microbiota composition and diversity are altered as a result of intermittent hypoxia realistically mimicking OSA, suggesting the possibility that physiological interplays between host and gut microbiota could be deregulated in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain. These authors contributed equally
| | - Marta Torres
- Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. These authors contributed equally
| | - Josep M Montserrat
- Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Alcoholado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Valeryi A Poroyko
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. Institut Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria I Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Farré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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498
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Shiozaki A, Yoneda S, Yoneda N, Yonezawa R, Matsubayashi T, Seo G, Saito S. Intestinal microbiota is different in women with preterm birth: results from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111374. [PMID: 25372390 PMCID: PMC4221021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Studies using a cultivation method or molecular identification have shown that bacterial vaginosis is one of the risk factors for preterm birth. However, an association between preterm birth and intestinal microbiota has not been reported using molecular techniques, although the vaginal microbiota changes during pregnancy. Our aim here was to clarify the difference in intestinal and vaginal microbiota between women with preterm birth and women without preterm labor. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes were amplified from fecal and vaginal DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), we compared the levels of operational taxonomic units of both intestinal and vaginal flora among three groups: pregnant women who delivered term babies without preterm labor (non-PTL group) (n = 20), those who had preterm labor but delivered term babies (PTL group) (n = 11), and those who had preterm birth (PTB group) (n = 10). Significantly low levels of Clostridium subcluster XVIII, Clostridium cluster IV, Clostridium subcluster XIVa, and Bacteroides, and a significantly high level of Lactobacillales were observed in the intestinal microbiota in the PTB group compared with those in the non-PTL group. The levels of Clostridium subcluster XVIII and Clostridium subcluster XIVa in the PTB group were significantly lower than those in the PTL group, and these levels in the PTL group were significantly lower than those in non-PTL group. However, there were no significant differences in vaginal microbiota among the three groups. Intestinal microbiota in the PTB group was found to differ from that in the non-PTL group using the T-RFLP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Shiozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoneda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoneda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Rika Yonezawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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499
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Patterson E, Marques TM, O'Sullivan O, Fitzgerald P, Fitzgerald GF, Cotter PD, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Stanton C, Ross RP. Streptozotocin-induced type-1-diabetes disease onset in Sprague-Dawley rats is associated with an altered intestinal microbiota composition and decreased diversity. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 161:182-193. [PMID: 25370749 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that microbiota composition can significantly affect host health and play a role in disease onset and progression. This study assessed the impact of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1-diabetes (T1D) on intestinal microbiota composition and diversity in Sprague-Dawley rats, compared with healthy controls over time. T1D was induced by injection of a single dose (60 mg STZ kg(-1)) of STZ, administered via the intraperitoneal cavity. Total DNA was isolated from faecal pellets at weeks 0 (pre-STZ injection), 1, 2 and 4 and from caecal content at week 5 from both healthy and T1D groups. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to investigate intestinal microbiota composition. The data revealed that although intestinal microbiota composition between the groups was similar at week 0, a dramatic impact of T1D development on the microbiota was apparent post-STZ injection and for up to 5 weeks. Most notably, T1D onset was associated with a shift in the Bacteroidetes : Firmicutes ratio (P<0.05), while at the genus level, increased proportions of lactic acid producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were associated with the later stages of T1D progression (P<0.05). Coincidently, T1D increased caecal lactate levels (P<0.05). Microbial diversity was also reduced following T1D (P<0.05). Principle co-ordinate analyses demonstrated temporal clustering in T1D and control groups with distinct separation between groups. The results provide a comprehensive account of how T1D is associated with an altered intestinal microbiota composition and reduced microbial diversity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Patterson
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tatiana M Marques
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald F Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
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500
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Ford AC, Talley NJ, Walker MM, Jones MP. Increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases in functional gastrointestinal disorders: case-control study of 23471 primary care patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:827-34. [PMID: 25131320 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that impaired mucosal defence mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), allowing inappropriate immune activation. AIM To test the hypothesis that an excess of autoimmune disorders among sufferers, using a large primary care database to examine this. METHODS Cases were diagnosed with FGIDs - irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), and multiple FGIDs. Controls were those without FGIDs. Prevalence of autoimmune disorders was compared between cases and controls using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We included 23,471 patients (mean age 51.4 years, 66.1% female). Prevalence of autoimmune disorders was greater among all FGIDs, compared with controls without. In those with FD (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12-1.63), CIC (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.11-2.75), or multiple FGIDs (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.25-1.77) this was statistically significant after controlling for age and gender. Rheumatological autoimmune disorders were significantly more frequent in those with FD (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.15-1.80), CIC (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.08-3.13), or multiple FGIDs (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.24-1.88), after controlling for age and gender. However, endocrine autoimmune disorders were no more frequent in those with FGIDs, after controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of primary care patients, there was a significantly higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders among those with FD, CIC, or multiple FGIDs not explained by differences in age or gender. We were unable to control for concomitant drug use, which may partly explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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