451
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Yogev O, Henderson S, Hayes MJ, Marelli SS, Ofir-Birin Y, Regev-Rudzki N, Herrero J, Enver T. Herpesviruses shape tumour microenvironment through exosomal transfer of viral microRNAs. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006524. [PMID: 28837697 PMCID: PMC5570218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes within the cell and its niche affect cell fate and are involved in many diseases and disorders including cancer and viral infections. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KSHV latently infected cells express only a subset of viral genes, mainly located within the latency-associated region, among them 12 microRNAs. Notably, these miRNAs are responsible for inducing the Warburg effect in infected cells. Here we identify a novel mechanism enabling KSHV to manipulate the metabolic nature of the tumour microenvironment. We demonstrate that KSHV infected cells specifically transfer the virus-encoded microRNAs to surrounding cells via exosomes. This flow of genetic information results in a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis in the surrounding non-infected cells. Importantly, this exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming of neighbouring cells supports the growth of infected cells, thereby contributing to viral fitness. Finally, our data show that this miRNA transfer-based regulation of cell metabolism is a general mechanism used by other herpesviruses, such as EBV, as well as for the transfer of non-viral onco-miRs. This exosome-based crosstalk provides viruses with a mechanism for non-infectious transfer of genetic material without production of new viral particles, which might expose them to the immune system. We suggest that viruses and cancer cells use this mechanism to shape a specific metabolic niche that will contribute to their fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Yogev
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Cancer Biology, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Henderson
- UCL Cancer Institute, Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew John Hayes
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, EM-Unit, Bath Street, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sofia Marelli
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Cancer Biology, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Javier Herrero
- UCL Cancer Institute, Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Cancer Biology, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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452
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Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Serotypes Have Distinctive Interactions with Domains of the Cellular AAV Receptor. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00391-17. [PMID: 28679762 PMCID: PMC5571256 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00391-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) entry is determined by its interactions with specific surface glycans and a proteinaceous receptor(s). Adeno-associated virus receptor (AAVR) (also named KIAA0319L) is an essential cellular receptor required for the transduction of vectors derived from multiple AAV serotypes, including the evolutionarily distant serotypes AAV2 and AAV5. Here, we further biochemically characterize the AAV-AAVR interaction and define the domains within the ectodomain of AAVR that facilitate this interaction. By using a virus overlay assay, it was previously shown that the major AAV2 binding protein in membrane preparations of human cells corresponds to a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 150 kDa. By establishing a purification procedure, performing further protein separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and utilizing mass spectrometry, we now show that this glycoprotein is identical to AAVR. While we find that AAVR is an N-linked glycosylated protein, this glycosylation is not a strict requirement for AAV2 binding or functional transduction. Using a combination of genetic complementation with deletion constructs and virus overlay assays with individual domains, we find that AAV2 functionally interacts predominantly with the second Ig-like polycystic kidney disease (PKD) repeat domain (PKD2) present in the ectodomain of AAVR. In contrast, AAV5 interacts primarily through the first, most membrane-distal, PKD domain (PKD1) of AAVR to promote transduction. Furthermore, other AAV serotypes, including AAV1 and -8, require a combination of PKD1 and PKD2 for optimal transduction. These results suggest that despite their shared dependence on AAVR as a critical entry receptor, different AAV serotypes have evolved distinctive interactions with the same receptor. IMPORTANCE Over the past decade, AAV vectors have emerged as leading gene delivery tools for therapeutic applications and biomedical research. However, fundamental aspects of the AAV life cycle, including how AAV interacts with host cellular factors to facilitate infection, are only partly understood. In particular, AAV receptors contribute significantly to AAV vector transduction efficiency and tropism. The recently identified AAV receptor (AAVR) is a key host receptor for multiple serotypes, including the most studied serotype, AAV2. AAVR binds directly to AAV2 particles and is rate limiting for viral transduction. Defining the AAV-AAVR interface in more detail is important to understand how AAV engages with its cellular receptor and how the receptor facilitates the entry process. Here, we further define AAV-AAVR interactions, genetically and biochemically, and show that different AAV serotypes have discrete interactions with the Ig-like PKD domains of AAVR. These findings reveal an unexpected divergence of AAVR engagement within these parvoviruses.
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453
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Endo K, Ishigaki S, Masamizu Y, Fujioka Y, Watakabe A, Yamamori T, Hatanaka N, Nambu A, Okado H, Katsuno M, Watanabe H, Matsuzaki M, Sobue G. Silencing of FUS in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) brain via stereotaxic injection of an adeno-associated virus encoding shRNA. Neurosci Res 2017; 130:56-64. [PMID: 28842245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is an RNA binding protein that is involved in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To establish the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a model for FTLD, we generated a stereotaxic injection-based marmoset model of FUS-silencing. We designed shRNAs against the marmoset FUS gene and generated an AAV9 virus encoding the most effective shRNA against FUS (shFUS). The AAV encoding shFUS (AAV-shFUS) was introduced into the frontal cortex of young adult marmosets, whereas AAV encoding a control shRNA was injected into the contralateral side. We obtained approximately 70-80% silencing of FUS following AAV-shFUS injection. Interestingly, FUS-silencing provoked a proliferation of astrocytes and microglias. Since FTLD is characterized by various emotional deficits, it would be helpful to establish a marmoset model of FUS-silencing in various brain tissues for investigating the pathomechanism of higher cognitive and behavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Endo
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Department of Therapeutics for Intractable Neurological Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Masamizu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akiya Watakabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hatanaka
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan, and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan, and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
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454
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Giovannone AJ, Reales E, Bhattaram P, Fraile-Ramos A, Weimbs T. Monoubiquitination of syntaxin 3 leads to retrieval from the basolateral plasma membrane and facilitates cargo recruitment to exosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2843-2853. [PMID: 28814500 PMCID: PMC5638587 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-07-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of Stx3 leads to efficient endocytosis from the basolateral plasma membrane and trafficking into the multivesicular body/exosomal pathway. Stx3 plays a role in cargo recruitment into exosomes. This pathway is exploited by HCMV for virion excretion. Syntaxin 3 (Stx3), a SNARE protein located and functioning at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells, is required for epithelial polarity. A fraction of Stx3 is localized to late endosomes/lysosomes, although how it traffics there and its function in these organelles is unknown. Here we report that Stx3 undergoes monoubiquitination in a conserved polybasic domain. Stx3 present at the basolateral—but not the apical—plasma membrane is rapidly endocytosed, targeted to endosomes, internalized into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), and excreted in exosomes. A nonubiquitinatable mutant of Stx3 (Stx3-5R) fails to enter this pathway and leads to the inability of the apical exosomal cargo protein GPRC5B to enter the ILV/exosomal pathway. This suggests that ubiquitination of Stx3 leads to removal from the basolateral membrane to achieve apical polarity, that Stx3 plays a role in the recruitment of cargo to exosomes, and that the Stx3-5R mutant acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) acquires its membrane in an intracellular compartment and we show that Stx3-5R strongly reduces the number of excreted infectious viral particles. Altogether these results suggest that Stx3 functions in the transport of specific proteins to apical exosomes and that HCMV exploits this pathway for virion excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Giovannone
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Elena Reales
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Pallavi Bhattaram
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Alberto Fraile-Ramos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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455
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Muir A, Danai LV, Gui DY, Waingarten CY, Lewis CA, Vander Heiden MG. Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cancer cells to glutaminase inhibition. eLife 2017; 6:27713. [PMID: 28826492 PMCID: PMC5589418 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mammalian cancer cell lines depend on glutamine as a major tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerotic substrate to support proliferation. However, some cell lines that depend on glutamine anaplerosis in culture rely less on glutamine catabolism to proliferate in vivo. We sought to understand the environmental differences that cause differential dependence on glutamine for anaplerosis. We find that cells cultured in adult bovine serum, which better reflects nutrients available to cells in vivo, exhibit decreased glutamine catabolism and reduced reliance on glutamine anaplerosis compared to cells cultured in standard tissue culture conditions. We find that levels of a single nutrient, cystine, accounts for the differential dependence on glutamine in these different environmental contexts. Further, we show that cystine levels dictate glutamine dependence via the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT/SLC7A11. Thus, xCT/SLC7A11 expression, in conjunction with environmental cystine, is necessary and sufficient to increase glutamine catabolism, defining important determinants of glutamine anaplerosis and glutaminase dependence in cancer. Cancer cells need to consume certain nutrients in order to grow, and some cancer drugs work by affecting the ability of the cells to use these nutrients. For decades researchers have grown cancer cells in petri dishes with standard nutrient formulations (also known as tissue culture), but the nutrients available to cancer cells in tissue culture are not the same as those found in the body. Cancer cells growing in tissue culture consume large amounts of a nutrient called glutamine. These cells die when exposed to a class of drugs called glutaminase inhibitors that prevent them from processing glutamine. However, when these same cancer cells grow as tumors in animals, they process less glutamine and are not affected by glutaminase inhibitors. So what differences are there between growing cancer cells in tumors and tissue culture that explain this different reliance on glutamine? Muir et al. reasoned that changing the levels of nutrients available to cancer cells might change what these cells consume, and so grew human cancer cells in cow serum (which has a similar nutrient content to blood in humans and other mammals). Indeed, these cells consumed less glutamine and responded to glutaminase inhibitors in a way that is similar to how tumors in the body respond to these drugs. Comparing the nutrient content of cow serum and typical tissue culture formulations revealed that high levels of the nutrient cystine cause the cells to rely more on glutamine. The results presented by Muir et al. suggest that cancer cells in tumors could be made to consume more glutamine and that this would make them sensitive to glutaminase inhibitors – a possibility that will be studied in future work. Exposing cultured cancer cells to nutrient levels closer to those found in the body may also better predict how tumor cells use nutrients and respond to some treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Laura V Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Dan Y Gui
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Chiara Y Waingarten
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
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456
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De Melo J, Kim SS, Lourenco C, Penn LZ. Lysine-52 stabilizes the MYC oncoprotein through an SCFFbxw7-independent mechanism. Oncogene 2017; 36:6815-6822. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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457
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Santiago AE, Yan MB, Hazen TH, Sauder B, Meza-Segura M, Rasko DA, Kendall MM, Ruiz-Perez F, Nataro JP. The AraC Negative Regulator family modulates the activity of histone-like proteins in pathogenic bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006545. [PMID: 28806780 PMCID: PMC5570504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The AraC Negative Regulators (ANR) comprise a large family of virulence regulators distributed among diverse clinically important Gram-negative pathogens, including Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Citrobacter spp., and pathogenic E. coli strains. We have previously reported broad effects of the ANR members on regulators of the AraC/XylS family. Here, we interrogate possible broader effects of the ANR members on the bacterial transcriptome. Our studies focused on Aar (AggR-activated regulator), an ANR family archetype in enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) isolate 042. Transcriptome analysis of EAEC strain 042, 042aar and 042aar(pAar) identified more than 200 genes that were differentially expressed (+/- 1.5 fold, p<0.05). Most of those genes are located on the bacterial chromosome (195 genes, 92.85%), and are associated with regulation, transport, metabolism, and pathogenesis, based on the predicted annotation; a considerable number of Aar-regulated genes encoded for hypothetical proteins (46 genes, 21.9%) and regulatory proteins (25, 11.9%). Notably, the transcriptional expression of three histone-like regulators, H-NS (orf1292), H-NS homolog (orf2834) and StpA, was down-regulated in the absence of aar and may explain some of the effects of Aar on gene expression. By employing a bacterial two-hybrid system, LacZ reporter assays, pull-down and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis, we demonstrated that Aar binds directly to H-NS and modulates H-NS-induced gene silencing. Importantly, Aar was highly expressed in the mouse intestinal tract and was found to be necessary for maximal H-NS expression. In conclusion, this work further extends our knowledge of genes under the control of Aar and its biological relevance in vivo. The AraC Negative Regulators (ANR) is a large family of negative regulators distributed in several clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogens, including Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Citrobacter spp., pathogenic E. coli, and members of the Pasteurellaceae. Previously, we showed that the ANR family suppresses transcriptional expression of virulence factors such as fimbriae, toxins, and the type VI secretion system by directly down-regulating AraC/XylS master regulators. Transcriptome and biochemical analysis of Aar (AggR-activated regulator), an ANR family archetype in enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) 042, demonstrated that Aar binds directly to H-NS and modulates the H-NS-induced gene expression. Accordingly, mutation of aar decreased expression of the H-NS-regulated Lpf fimbriae, LPS-related enzymes, GadXW operon and porins. Importantly, Aar was highly expressed in the mouse intestinal tract and was found to be necessary for maximal H-NS expression. These findings unveil an exquisite regulatory network in pathogenic bacteria, which operates by concomitant control of master transcriptional regulators of the AraC family and global negative H-NS regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli E. Santiago
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael B. Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tracy H. Hazen
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology. University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brooke Sauder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mario Meza-Segura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology. University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Kendall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James P. Nataro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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458
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Key Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Mediating Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Innate Responses of Macrophages. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00670-17. [PMID: 28765216 PMCID: PMC5539421 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00670-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor MARCO is expressed in several subsets of naive tissue-resident macrophages and has been shown to participate in the recognition of various bacterial pathogens. However, the role of MARCO in antiviral defense is largely unexplored. Here, we investigated whether MARCO might be involved in the innate sensing of infection with adenovirus and recombinant adenoviral vectors by macrophages, which elicit vigorous immune responses in vivo. Using cells derived from mice, we show that adenovirus infection is significantly more efficient in MARCO-positive alveolar macrophages (AMs) and in AM-like primary macrophage lines (Max Planck Institute cells) than in MARCO-negative bone marrow-derived macrophages. Using antibodies blocking ligand binding to MARCO, as well as gene-deficient and MARCO-transfected cells, we show that MARCO mediates the rapid adenovirus transduction of macrophages. By enhancing adenovirus infection, MARCO contributes to efficient innate virus recognition through the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cGAS. This leads to strong proinflammatory responses, including the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alpha/beta interferon, and mature IL-1α. These findings contribute to the understanding of viral pathogenesis in macrophages and may open new possibilities for the development of tools to influence the outcome of infection with adenovirus or adenovirus vectors. Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and defense against infection. Several macrophage subtypes have been identified with differing abilities to respond to infection with both natural adenoviruses and recombinant adenoviral vectors. Adenoviruses are important respiratory pathogens that elicit vigorous innate responses in vitro and in vivo. The cell surface receptors mediating macrophage type-specific adenovirus sensing are largely unknown. The scavenger receptor MARCO is expressed on some subsets of naive tissue-resident macrophages, including lung alveolar macrophages. Its role in antiviral macrophage responses is largely unexplored. Here, we studied whether the differential expression of MARCO might contribute to the various susceptibilities of macrophage subtypes to adenovirus. We demonstrate that MARCO significantly enhances adenovirus infection and innate responses in macrophages. These results help to understand adenoviral pathogenesis and may open new possibilities to influence the outcome of infection with adenoviruses or adenovirus vectors.
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459
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Debaize L, Jakobczyk H, Rio AG, Gandemer V, Troadec MB. Optimization of proximity ligation assay (PLA) for detection of protein interactions and fusion proteins in non-adherent cells: application to pre-B lymphocytes. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:27. [PMID: 28736577 PMCID: PMC5520345 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations, are described for many hematological malignancies. From the clinical perspective, detection of chromosomal abnormalities is relevant not only for diagnostic and treatment purposes but also for prognostic risk assessment. From the translational research perspective, the identification of fusion proteins and protein interactions has allowed crucial breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of malignancies and consequently major achievements in targeted therapy. METHODS We describe the optimization of the Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) to ascertain the presence of fusion proteins, and protein interactions in non-adherent pre-B cells. PLA is an innovative method of protein-protein colocalization detection by molecular biology that combines the advantages of microscopy with the advantages of molecular biology precision, enabling detection of protein proximity theoretically ranging from 0 to 40 nm. RESULTS We propose an optimized PLA procedure. We overcome the issue of maintaining non-adherent hematological cells by traditional cytocentrifugation and optimized buffers, by changing incubation times, and modifying washing steps. Further, we provide convincing negative and positive controls, and demonstrate that optimized PLA procedure is sensitive to total protein level. The optimized PLA procedure allows the detection of fusion proteins and protein interactions on non-adherent cells. CONCLUSION The optimized PLA procedure described here can be readily applied to various non-adherent hematological cells, from cell lines to patients' cells. The optimized PLA protocol enables detection of fusion proteins and their subcellular expression, and protein interactions in non-adherent cells. Therefore, the optimized PLA protocol provides a new tool that can be adopted in a wide range of applications in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Debaize
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 RENNES CEDEX, France.,SFR Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Jakobczyk
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 RENNES CEDEX, France.,SFR Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Rio
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 RENNES CEDEX, France.,SFR Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Gandemer
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 RENNES CEDEX, France.,SFR Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 RENNES CEDEX, France.,SFR Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, Rennes, France
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460
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Tfe3 and Tfeb Transcriptionally Regulate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ2 Expression in Adipocytes and Mediate Adiponectin and Glucose Levels in Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00608-16. [PMID: 28483914 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00608-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the MiT transcription factor family are pivotal regulators of several lineage-selective differentiation programs. We show that two of these, Tfeb and Tfe3, control the regulator of adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (Pparγ2). Knockdown of Tfeb or Tfe3 expression during in vitro adipogenesis causes dramatic downregulation of Pparγ2 expression as well as adipogenesis. Additionally, we found that these factors regulate Pparγ2 in mature adipocytes. Next, we demonstrated that Tfeb and Tfe3 act directly by binding to consensus E-boxes within the Pparγ transcriptional regulatory region. This transcriptional control also exists in vivo, as we discovered that wild-type mice in the fed state increased their expression of Tfe3, Tf3b, and Pparγ in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, Tfe3 knockout (Tfe3KO) mice in the fed state failed to upregulate Pparγ and the adiponectin gene, a Pparγ-dependent gene, confirming the in vivo role for Tfe3. Lastly, we found that blood glucose is elevated and serum adiponectin levels are suppressed in the Tfe3KO mice, indicating that the Tfe3/Tfeb/Pparγ2 axis may contribute to whole-body energy balance. Thus, we offer new insights into the upstream regulation of Pparγ by Tfe3/Tf3b and propose that targeting these transcription factors may offer opportunities to complement existing approaches for the treatment of diseases that have dysregulated energy metabolism.
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461
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Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Klimczak M, Biecek P, Herok M, Kosinski M, Olszewski MB, Czerwińska P, Wiech M, Wiznerowicz M, Zylicz A, Zylicz M, Wawrzynow B. Molecular chaperones in the acquisition of cancer cell chemoresistance with mutated TP53 and MDM2 up-regulation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82123-82143. [PMID: 29137250 PMCID: PMC5669876 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the TCGA PANCAN12 dataset we discovered that cancer patients with mutations in TP53 tumor suppressor and overexpression of MDM2 oncogene exhibited decreased survival post treatment. Interestingly, in the case of breast cancer patients, this phenomenon correlated with high expression level of several molecular chaperones belonging to the HSPA, DNAJB and HSPC families. To verify the hypothesis that such a genetic background may promote chaperone-mediated chemoresistance, we employed breast and lung cancer cell lines that constitutively overexpressed heat shock proteins and have shown that HSPA1A/HSP70 and DNAJB1/HSP40 facilitated the binding of mutated p53 to the TAp73α protein. This chaperone-mediated mutated p53–TAp73α complex induced chemoresistance to DNA damaging reagents, like Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Etoposide or Camptothecin. Importantly, when the MDM2 oncogene was overexpressed, heat shock proteins were displaced and a stable multiprotein complex comprising of mutated p53-TAp73α-MDM2 was formed, additionally amplifying cancer cells chemoresistance. Our findings demonstrate that molecular chaperones aid cancer cells in surviving the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutics and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Klimczak
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Herok
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosinski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Patrycja Czerwińska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Cancer Immunology, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Milena Wiech
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Cancer Immunology, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Zylicz
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zylicz
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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462
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Chen JV, Buchwalter RA, Kao LR, Megraw TL. A Splice Variant of Centrosomin Converts Mitochondria to Microtubule-Organizing Centers. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1928-1940.e6. [PMID: 28669756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) direct microtubule (MT) organization to exert diverse cell-type-specific functions. In Drosophila spermatids, the giant mitochondria provide structural platforms for MT reorganization to support elongation of the extremely long sperm. However, the molecular basis for this mitochondrial MTOC and other non-centrosomal MTOCs has not been discerned. Here we report that Drosophila centrosomin (cnn) expresses two major protein variants: the centrosomal form (CnnC) and a non-centrosomal form in testes (CnnT). CnnC is established as essential for functional centrosomes, the major MTOCs in animal cells. We show that CnnT is expressed exclusively in testes by alternative splicing and localizes to giant mitochondria in spermatids. In cell culture, CnnT targets to the mitochondrial surface, recruits the MT nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), and is sufficient to convert mitochondria to MTOCs independent of core pericentriolar proteins that regulate MT assembly at centrosomes. We mapped two separate domains in CnnT: one that is necessary and sufficient to target it to mitochondria and another that is necessary and sufficient to recruit γ-TuRCs and nucleate MTs. In elongating spermatids, CnnT forms speckles on the giant mitochondria that are required to recruit γ-TuRCs to organize MTs and support spermiogenesis. This molecular characterization of the mitochondrial MTOC defines a minimal molecular requirement for MTOC generation and implicates the potent role of Cnn (or its related) proteins in the direct regulation of MT assembly and organization of non-centrosomal MTOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan V Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Buchwalter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ling-Rong Kao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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463
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Abstract
CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated with primary HIV-1 infection and transmission. Recent studies have shown that IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, including IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, restrict a broad range of viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an IFITM2 isoform (Δ20 IFITM2) lacking 20 amino acids at the N terminus differentially restricts X4 and R5 HIV-1. Δ20 IFITM2 suppresses replication of X4 HIV-1 strains by inhibiting their entry. High levels of Δ20 IFITM2 expression could be detected in CD4+ T cells and in monocytes. Infection of X4 viruses in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells is enhanced upon depletion of IFITM2 isoforms. Furthermore, we also show that coreceptor use is the determining factor for differential HIV-1 restriction of Δ20 IFITM2. When we replace the C terminus of CCR5 with the C terminus of CXCR4, R5 viruses become more susceptible to Δ20 IFITM2-mediated restriction. In contrast to previous studies, our research reveals that neither X4 nor R5 HIV-1 is suppressed by IFITM2 and IFITM3. The multifactor gatekeeping model has been proposed to explain restriction of X4 viruses in the early stage of HIV-1 diseases. Our findings indicate that Δ20 IFITM2 may serve as a major contributor to this gatekeeping mechanism.
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464
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Singh P, Hanson PS, Morris CM. SIRT1 ameliorates oxidative stress induced neural cell death and is down-regulated in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:46. [PMID: 28578695 PMCID: PMC5455114 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylases which are conserved from bacteria to humans and have been associated with longevity and lifespan extension. SIRT1, the best studied mammalian SIRT is involved in many physiological and pathological processes and changes in SIRT1 have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, with SIRT1 having a suggested protective role in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we determined the effect of SIRT1 on cell survival and α-synuclein aggregate formation in SH-SY5Y cells following oxidative stress. Results Over-expression of SIRT1 protected SH-SY5Y cells from toxin induced cell death and the protection conferred by SIRT1 was partially independent of its deacetylase activity, which was associated with the repression of NF-кB and cPARP expression. SIRT1 reduced the formation of α-synuclein aggregates but showed minimal co-localisation with α-synuclein. In post-mortem brain tissue obtained from patients with Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease, the activity of SIRT1 was observed to be down-regulated. Conclusions These findings suggests a negative effect of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders and possibly explain the reduced activity of SIRT1 in neurodegenerative disorders. Our study shows that SIRT1 is a pro-survival protein that is downregulated under cellular stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0364-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Lewy Body Disorders, and Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PJ, UK
| | - Peter S Hanson
- Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Lewy Body Disorders, and Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PJ, UK.
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465
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Shiwarski DJ, Darr M, Telmer CA, Bruchez MP, Puthenveedu MA. PI3K class II α regulates δ-opioid receptor export from the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2202-2219. [PMID: 28566554 PMCID: PMC5531736 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between signaling and trafficking by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has focused mainly on endocytic trafficking. Whether and how surface delivery of newly synthesized GPCRs is regulated by extracellular signals is less understood. Here we define a signaling-regulated checkpoint at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) that controls the surface delivery of the delta opioid receptor (δR). In PC12 cells, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) activity blocked export of newly synthesized δR from the Golgi and delivery to the cell surface, similar to treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). Depletion of class II phosphoinositide-3 kinase α (PI3K C2A), but not inhibition of class I PI3K, blocked δR export to comparable levels and attenuated δR-mediated cAMP inhibition. NGF treatment displaced PI3K C2A from the Golgi and optogenetic recruitment of the PI3K C2A kinase domain to the TGN-induced δR export downstream of NGF. Of importance, PI3K C2A expression promotes export of endogenous δR in primary trigeminal ganglion neurons. Taken together, our results identify PI3K C2A as being required and sufficient for δR export and surface delivery in neuronal cells and suggest that it could be a key modulator of a novel Golgi export checkpoint that coordinates GPCR delivery to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marlena Darr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Cheryl A Telmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 .,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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466
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Fazio M, Avagyan S, van Rooijen E, Mannherz W, Kaufman CK, Lobbardi R, Langenau DM, Zon LI. Efficient Transduction of Zebrafish Melanoma Cell Lines and Embryos Using Lentiviral Vectors. Zebrafish 2017; 14:379-382. [PMID: 28557653 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of in vitro cultures of zebrafish cancer cells has expanded the potential of zebrafish as a disease model. However, the lack of effective methods for gene delivery and genetic manipulation has limited the experimental applications of these cultures. To overcome this barrier, we tested and optimized vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral and retroviral vector transduction protocols. We show that lentivirus successfully and efficiently transduced zebrafish melanoma cell lines in vitro, allowing antibiotic selection, fluorescence-based sorting, and in vivo allotransplantation. In addition, injection of concentrated lentiviral particles into embryos and tumors established the feasibility of in vivo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fazio
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Serine Avagyan
- 2 Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Mannherz
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis , Missouri.,4 Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- 5 Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - David M Langenau
- 5 Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Leonard I Zon
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute , Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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467
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Horibata S, Rogers KE, Sadegh D, Anguish LJ, McElwee JL, Shah P, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA. Role of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in mammary carcinoma cell migration. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:378. [PMID: 28549415 PMCID: PMC5446677 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penetration of the mammary gland basement membrane by cancer cells is a crucial first step in tumor invasion. Using a mouse model of ductal carcinoma in situ, we previously found that inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2, aka PADI2) activity appears to maintain basement membrane integrity in xenograft tumors. The goal of this investigation was to gain insight into the mechanisms by which PAD2 mediates this process. METHODS For our study, we modulated PAD2 activity in mammary ductal carcinoma cells by lentiviral shRNA-mediated depletion, lentiviral-mediated PAD2 overexpression, or PAD inhibition and explored the effects of these treatments on changes in cell migration and cell morphology. We also used these PAD2-modulated cells to test whether PAD2 may be required for EGF-induced cell migration. To determine how PAD2 might promote tumor cell migration in vivo, we tested the effects of PAD2 inhibition on the expression of several cell migration mediators in MCF10DCIS.com xenograft tumors. In addition, we tested the effect of PAD2 inhibition on EGF-induced ductal invasion and elongation in primary mouse mammary organoids. Lastly, using a transgenic mouse model, we investigated the effects of PAD2 overexpression on mammary gland development. RESULTS Our results indicate that PAD2 depletion or inhibition suppresses cell migration and alters the morphology of MCF10DCIS.com cells. In addition, we found that PAD2 depletion suppresses the expression of the cytoskeletal regulatory proteins RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 and also promotes a mesenchymal to epithelial-like transition in tumor cells with an associated increase in the cell adhesion marker, E-cadherin. Our mammary gland organoid study found that inhibition of PAD2 activity suppresses EGF-induced ductal invasion. In vivo, we found that PAD2 overexpression causes hyperbranching in the developing mammary gland. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that PAD2 plays a critical role in breast cancer cell migration. Our findings that EGF treatment increases protein citrullination and that PAD2 inhibition blocks EGF-induced cell migration suggest that PAD2 likely functions within the EGF signaling pathway to mediate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Horibata
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Katherine E Rogers
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - David Sadegh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Lynne J Anguish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - John L McElwee
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Pragya Shah
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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468
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Hit and go CAS9 delivered through a lentiviral based self-limiting circuit. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15334. [PMID: 28530235 PMCID: PMC5458126 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo application of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology is still limited by unwanted Cas9 genomic cleavages. Long-term expression of Cas9 increases the number of genomic loci non-specifically cleaved by the nuclease. Here we develop a Self-Limiting Cas9 circuit for Enhanced Safety and specificity (SLiCES) which consists of an expression unit for Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), a self-targeting sgRNA and a second sgRNA targeting a chosen genomic locus. The self-limiting circuit results in increased genome editing specificity by controlling Cas9 levels. For its in vivo utilization, we next integrate SLiCES into a lentiviral delivery system (lentiSLiCES) via circuit inhibition to achieve viral particle production. Upon delivery into target cells, the lentiSLiCES circuit switches on to edit the intended genomic locus while simultaneously stepping up its own neutralization through SpCas9 inactivation. By preserving target cells from residual nuclease activity, our hit and go system increases safety margins for genome editing.
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469
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Everson JL, Fink DM, Yoon JW, Leslie EJ, Kietzman HW, Ansen-Wilson LJ, Chung HM, Walterhouse DO, Marazita ML, Lipinski RJ. Sonic hedgehog regulation of Foxf2 promotes cranial neural crest mesenchyme proliferation and is disrupted in cleft lip morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:2082-2091. [PMID: 28506991 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cleft lip is one of the most common human birth defects, yet our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lip morphogenesis is limited. Here, we show in mice that sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced proliferation of cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme is required for upper lip closure. Gene expression profiling revealed a subset of Forkhead box (Fox) genes that are regulated by Shh signaling during lip morphogenesis. During cleft pathogenesis, reduced proliferation in the medial nasal process mesenchyme paralleled the domain of reduced Foxf2 and Gli1 expression. SHH ligand induction of Foxf2 expression was dependent upon Shh pathway effectors in cNCCs, while a functional GLI-binding site was identified downstream of Foxf2 Consistent with the cellular mechanism demonstrated for cleft lip pathogenesis, we found that either SHH ligand addition or FOXF2 overexpression is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation. Finally, analysis of a large multi-ethnic human population with cleft lip identified clusters of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXF2 These data suggest that direct targeting of Foxf2 by Shh signaling drives cNCC mesenchyme proliferation during upper lip morphogenesis, and that disruption of this sequence results in cleft lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dustin M Fink
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joon Won Yoon
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology Programs of the Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Leslie
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Henry W Kietzman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lydia J Ansen-Wilson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hannah M Chung
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David O Walterhouse
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology Programs of the Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA .,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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470
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Grabocka E, Bar-Sagi D. Mutant KRAS Enhances Tumor Cell Fitness by Upregulating Stress Granules. Cell 2017; 167:1803-1813.e12. [PMID: 27984728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that stress-coping mechanisms represent tumor cell vulnerabilities that may function as therapeutically beneficial targets. Recent work has delineated an integrated stress adaptation mechanism that is characterized by the formation of cytoplasmic mRNA and protein foci, termed stress granules (SGs). Here, we demonstrate that SGs are markedly elevated in mutant KRAS cells following exposure to stress-inducing stimuli. The upregulation of SGs by mutant KRAS is dependent on the production of the signaling lipid molecule 15-deoxy-delta 12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2) and confers cytoprotection against stress stimuli and chemotherapeutic agents. The secretion of 15-d-PGJ2 by mutant KRAS cells is sufficient to enhance SG formation and stress resistance in cancer cells that are wild-type for KRAS. Our findings identify a mutant KRAS-dependent cell non-autonomous mechanism that may afford the establishment of a stress-resistant niche that encompasses different tumor subclones. These results should inform the design of strategies to eradicate tumor cell communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Grabocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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471
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Morris EJ, Kawamura E, Gillespie JA, Balgi A, Kannan N, Muller WJ, Roberge M, Dedhar S. Stat3 regulates centrosome clustering in cancer cells via Stathmin/PLK1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15289. [PMID: 28474672 PMCID: PMC5424153 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently have amplified centrosomes that must be clustered together to form a bipolar mitotic spindle, and targeting centrosome clustering is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. A high-content chemical screen for inhibitors of centrosome clustering identified Stattic, a Stat3 inhibitor. Stat3 depletion and inhibition in cancer cell lines and in tumours in vivo caused significant inhibition of centrosome clustering and viability. Here we describe a transcription-independent mechanism for Stat3-mediated centrosome clustering that involves Stathmin, a Stat3 interactor involved in microtubule depolymerization, and the mitotic kinase PLK1. Furthermore, PLK4-driven centrosome amplified breast tumour cells are highly sensitive to Stat3 inhibitors. We have identified an unexpected role of Stat3 in the regulation of centrosome clustering, and this role of Stat3 may be critical in identifying tumours that are sensitive to Stat3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Morris
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Eiko Kawamura
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Jordan A. Gillespie
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Aruna Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - William J. Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A3
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2
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472
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Xie X, Wang X, Jiang D, Wang J, Fei R, Cong X, Wei L, Wang Y, Chen H. PPPDE1 is a novel deubiquitinase belonging to a cysteine isopeptidase family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:291-296. [PMID: 28483520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitinlation of proteins is prevalent and important in both normal and pathological cellular processes. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can remove the ubiquitin tags on substrate proteins and dynamically regulate the ubiquitination process. The PPPDE family proteins were predicted to be a novel class of deubiquitinating peptidase, but this has not yet been experimentally proved. Here we validated the deubiquitinating activity of PPPDE1 and revealed its isopeptidase activity against ubiquitin conjugated through Lys 48 and Lys 63. We also identified ribosomal protein S7, RPS7, as a substrate protein of PPPDE1. Moreover, PPPDE1 could mediate the ubiquitin chain editing of RPS7, deubiquitinating Lys 48-linked ubiquitination, and finally stabilize RPS7 proteins. Taken together, we report that PPPDE1 is a novel deubiquitinase that belongs to a cysteine isopeptidase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Xie
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ran Fei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing 100044, China.
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473
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Frank SB, Berger PL, Ljungman M, Miranti CK. Human prostate luminal cell differentiation requires NOTCH3 induction by p38-MAPK and MYC. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1952-1964. [PMID: 28446540 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathways dysregulated in prostate cancer are also involved in epithelial differentiation. To better understand prostate tumor initiation, we sought to investigate specific genes and mechanisms required for normal basal to luminal cell differentiation. Utilizing human prostate basal epithelial cells and an in vitro differentiation model, we tested the hypothesis that regulation of NOTCH3 by the p38 MAPK family (hereafter p38-MAPK), via MYC, is required for luminal differentiation. Inhibition (SB202190 and BIRB796) or knockdown of p38α (also known as MAPK14) and/or p38δ (also known as MAPK13) prevented proper differentiation. Additionally, treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (RO4929097) or knockdown of NOTCH1 and/or NOTCH3 greatly impaired differentiation and caused luminal cell death. Constitutive p38-MAPK activation through MKK6(CA) increased NOTCH3 (but not NOTCH1) mRNA and protein levels, which was diminished upon MYC inhibition (10058-F4 and JQ1) or knockdown. Furthermore, we validated two NOTCH3 enhancer elements through a combination of enhancer (e)RNA detection (BruUV-seq) and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, we found that the NOTCH3 mRNA half-life increased during differentiation or upon acute p38-MAPK activation. These results reveal a new connection between p38-MAPK, MYC and NOTCH signaling, demonstrate two mechanisms of NOTCH3 regulation and provide evidence for NOTCH3 involvement in prostate luminal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander B Frank
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Penny L Berger
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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474
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Bradshaw NJ, Yerabham ASK, Marreiros R, Zhang T, Nagel-Steger L, Korth C. An unpredicted aggregation-critical region of the actin-polymerizing protein TRIOBP-1/Tara, determined by elucidation of its domain structure. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9583-9598. [PMID: 28438837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of specific proteins in the brains of patients with chronic mental illness as a result of disruptions in proteostasis is an emerging theme in the study of schizophrenia in particular. Proteins including DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) and dysbindin-1B are found in insoluble forms within brain homogenates from such patients. We recently identified TRIOBP-1 (Trio-binding protein 1, also known as Tara) to be another such protein through an epitope discovery and proteomics approach by comparing post-mortem brain material from schizophrenia patients and control individuals. We hypothesized that this was likely to occur as a result of a specific subcellular process and that it, therefore, should be possible to identify a region of the TRIOBP-1 protein that is essential for its aggregation to occur. Here, we probe the domain organization of TRIOBP-1, finding it to possess two distinct coiled-coil domains: the central and C-terminal domains. The central domain inhibits the depolymerization of F-actin and is also responsible for oligomerization of TRIOBP-1. Along with an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, the central domain affects neurite outgrowth. In neuroblastoma cells it was found that the aggregation propensity of TRIOBP-1 arises from its central domain, with a short "linker" region narrowed to within amino acids 324-348, between its first two coiled coils, as essential for the formation of TRIOBP-1 aggregates. TRIOBP-1 aggregation, therefore, appears to occur through one or more specific cellular mechanisms, which therefore have the potential to be of physiological relevance for the biological process underlying the development of chronic mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Zhang
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and.,the Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and.,the Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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475
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Lui AJ, Geanes ES, Ogony J, Behbod F, Marquess J, Valdez K, Jewell W, Tawfik O, Lewis-Wambi J. IFITM1 suppression blocks proliferation and invasion of aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer in vivo by JAK/STAT-mediated induction of p21. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:29-43. [PMID: 28411130 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) belongs to a family of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that is associated with tumor progression and DNA damage resistance; however, its role in endocrine resistance is not known. Here, we correlate IFITM1 expression with clinical stage and poor response to endocrine therapy in a tissue microarray consisting of 94 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors. IFITM1 overexpression is confirmed in the AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cell line and not found in AI-sensitive MCF-7 cells. In this study, the orthotopic (mammary fat pad) and mouse mammary intraductal (MIND) models of breast cancer are used to assess tumor growth and invasion in vivo. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of IFITM1 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells diminished tumor growth and invasion and induced cell death, whereas overexpression of IFITM1 in wild-type MCF-7 cells promoted estrogen-independent growth and enhanced their aggressive phenotype. Mechanistic studies indicated that loss of IFITM1 in MCF-7:5C cells markedly increased p21 transcription, expression and nuclear localization which was mediated by JAK/STAT activation. These findings suggest IFITM1 overexpression contributes to breast cancer progression and that targeting IFITM1 may be therapeutically beneficial to patients with endocrine-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asona J Lui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Eric S Geanes
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Joshua Ogony
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Jordan Marquess
- University of Kansas Medical Center School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Kelli Valdez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - William Jewell
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA.
| | - Joan Lewis-Wambi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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476
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Garstkiewicz M, Strittmatter GE, Grossi S, Sand J, Fenini G, Werner S, French LE, Beer HD. Opposing effects of Nrf2 and Nrf2-activating compounds on the NLRP3 inflammasome independent of Nrf2-mediated gene expression. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:806-817. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Sand
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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477
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Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TTK impairs pancreatic cancer cell line growth by inducing lethal chromosomal instability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174863. [PMID: 28380042 PMCID: PMC5381904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which accounts for the majority of pancreatic cancers, is a lethal disease with few therapeutic options. Genomic profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has identified a complex and heterogeneous landscape. Understanding the molecular characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma will facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic strategies. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of primary tumors from patients compared to normal pancreas and identified high co-overexpression of core components of the spindle assembly checkpoint, including the protein kinase TTK (also known as MPS-1). We found overexpression of TTK protein in a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary tumors and cell lines. siRNA-mediated depletion or catalytic inhibition of TTK resulted in an aberrant cell cycle profile, multi- and micro-nucleation, induction of apoptosis, and decreased cell proliferation and transformed growth. Selective catalytic inhibition of TTK caused override of the spindle assembly checkpoint-induced cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, we identified ubiquitin specific peptidase 16 (Usp16), an ubiquitin hydrolase, as a phosphorylation substrate of TTK. Usp16 regulates chromosomal condensation and G2/M progression by deubiquitinating histone H2A and polo-like kinase 1. Phosphomimetic mutants of Usp16 show enhanced proteosomal degradation and may prolong the G2/M transition allowing for correction of replication errors. Taken together, our results suggest a critical role for TTK in preventing aneuploidy-induced cell death in pancreatic cancer.
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478
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A G-quadruplex structure at the 5' end of the H19 coding region regulates H19 transcription. Sci Rep 2017; 8:45815. [PMID: 28367967 PMCID: PMC5377947 DOI: 10.1038/srep45815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The H19 gene, one of the best known imprinted genes, encodes a long non-coding RNA that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. H19 RNA is widely expressed in embryonic tissues, but its expression is restricted in only a few tissues after birth. However, regulation of H19 gene expression remains poorly understood outside the context of genomic imprinting. Here we identified evolutionarily conserved guanine (G)-rich repeated motifs at the 5′ end of the H19 coding region that are consistent with theoretically deduced G-quadruplex sequences. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility shift assays with G-quadruplex-specific ligands revealed that the G-rich motif, located immediately downstream of the transcription start site (TSS), forms a G-quadruplex structure in vitro. By using a series of mutant forms of H19 harboring deletion or G-to-A substitutions, we found that the H19-G-quadruplex regulates H19 gene expression. We further showed that transcription factors Sp1 and E2F1 were associated with the H19-G-quadruplex to either suppress or promote the H19 transcription, respectively. Moreover, H19 expression during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells appears to be regulated by a genomic H19 G-quadruplex. These results demonstrate that the G-quadruplex structure immediately downstream of the TSS functions as a novel regulatory element for H19 gene expression.
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479
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Zhang W, Lohman AW, Zhuravlova Y, Lu X, Wiens MD, Hoi H, Yaganoglu S, Mohr MA, Kitova EN, Klassen JS, Pantazis P, Thompson RJ, Campbell RE. Optogenetic control with a photocleavable protein, PhoCl. Nat Methods 2017; 14:391-394. [PMID: 28288123 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To expand the range of experiments that are accessible with optogenetics, we developed a photocleavable protein (PhoCl) that spontaneously dissociates into two fragments after violet-light-induced cleavage of a specific bond in the protein backbone. We demonstrated that PhoCl can be used to engineer light-activatable Cre recombinase, Gal4 transcription factor, and a viral protease that in turn was used to activate opening of the large-pore ion channel Pannexin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Xiaocen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew D Wiens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hiofan Hoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sine Yaganoglu
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A Mohr
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Periklis Pantazis
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger J Thompson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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480
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF34 is essential for late gene expression and virus production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:329. [PMID: 28336944 PMCID: PMC5428543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. KSHV establishes a life-long infection in its host and alternates between a latent and lytic infection state. During lytic infection, lytic-related genes are expressed in a temporal manner and categorized as immediate early, early, and late gene transcripts. ORF34 is an early-late gene that interacts with several viral transcription-associated factors, however its physiological importance remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of ORF34 during KSHV infection by generating ORF34-deficient KSHV, using a bacterial artificial chromosome system. Our results reveal that ORF34-deficient KSHV exhibited significantly attenuated late gene expression and viral production but did not affect viral DNA replication. ORF34 interacted with transcription factors ORF18, ORF24, ORF31, and ORF66, and a novel ORF34-interaction partner, ORF23. The C-terminal region of ORF34 was important for interaction with ORF24 and viral production. Our data support a model, in which ORF34 serves as a hub for recruiting a viral transcription complex to ORF24 to promote late viral gene expression.
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481
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Nassal DM, Wan X, Liu H, Maleski D, Ramirez-Navarro A, Moravec CS, Ficker E, Laurita KR, Deschênes I. KChIP2 is a core transcriptional regulator of cardiac excitability. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28263709 PMCID: PMC5338919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenesis from aberrant electrical remodeling is a primary cause of death among patients with heart disease. Amongst a multitude of remodeling events, reduced expression of the ion channel subunit KChIP2 is consistently observed in numerous cardiac pathologies. However, it remains unknown if KChIP2 loss is merely a symptom or involved in disease development. Using rat and human derived cardiomyocytes, we identify a previously unobserved transcriptional capacity for cardiac KChIP2 critical in maintaining electrical stability. Through interaction with genetic elements, KChIP2 transcriptionally repressed the miRNAs miR-34b and miR-34c, which subsequently targeted key depolarizing (INa) and repolarizing (Ito) currents altered in cardiac disease. Genetically maintaining KChIP2 expression or inhibiting miR-34 under pathologic conditions restored channel function and moreover, prevented the incidence of reentrant arrhythmias. This identifies the KChIP2/miR-34 axis as a central regulator in developing electrical dysfunction and reveals miR-34 as a therapeutic target for treating arrhythmogenesis in heart disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17304.001 The heart pumps blood throughout the body to provide oxygen and nourishment. To do so, proteins in the heart create electrical signals that tell the heart muscles to contract in a coordinated manner. Heart disease can cause cells to lose control of the production or activity of these proteins, creating disorganized electrical signals called arrhythmias that interfere with the heart’s ability to pump. Sometimes these arrhythmias lead to sudden death. Researchers do not know exactly what triggers these changes in the heart’s normal electrical rhythms. This has made it difficult to develop strategies to prevent these disruptions or to fix them when they occur. By studying rat and human heart cells, Nassal et al. now show that a protein called KChIP2 stops working properly during heart disease. Most importantly, because of the decreased level of KChIP2 in heart disease, KChIP2 loses the ability to restrict the production of two microRNA molecules – a role that KChIP2 was not previously known to perform. This loss of activity sets off a cascade of signals that worsens the balance of electrical activity in the heart cells, creating arrhythmias. Treatments that restored proper levels of the fully working KChIP2 protein to the heart cells or that blocked the signals set off by a lack of KChIP2 returned the electrical activity of the cells back to normal. This also stopped the development of arrhythmias. Further studies are now needed to investigate whether these treatments have the same effects in living mammals. If effective, this could ultimately lead to new treatments for heart diseases and arrhythmias. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17304.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Nassal
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Danielle Maleski
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Angelina Ramirez-Navarro
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Eckhard Ficker
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Kenneth R Laurita
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
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482
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Pandey PR, Chatterjee B, Olanich ME, Khan J, Miettinen MM, Hewitt SM, Barr FG. PAX3-FOXO1 is essential for tumour initiation and maintenance but not recurrence in a human myoblast model of rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pathol 2017; 241:626-637. [PMID: 28138962 DOI: 10.1002/path.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene is generated by a 2;13 chromosomal translocation and is a characteristic feature of an aggressive subset of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). To dissect the mechanism of oncogene action during RMS tumourigenesis and progression, doxycycline-inducible PAX3-FOXO1 and constitutive MYCN expression constructs were introduced into immortalized human myoblasts. Although myoblasts expressing PAX3-FOXO1 or MYCN alone were not transformed in focus formation assays, combined PAX3-FOXO1 and MYCN expression resulted in transformation. Following intramuscular injection into immunodeficient mice, myoblasts expressing PAX3-FOXO1 and MYCN formed rapidly growing RMS tumours, whereas myoblasts expressing only PAX3-FOXO1 formed tumours after a longer latency period. Doxycycline withdrawal in myoblasts expressing inducible PAX3-FOXO1 and constitutive MYCN following tumour formation in vivo or focus formation in vitro resulted in tumour regression or smaller foci associated with myogenic differentiation and cell death. Following regression, most tumours recurred in the absence of doxycycline. Analysis of recurrent tumours revealed a subset without PAX3-FOXO1 expression, and cell lines derived from these recurrent tumours showed transformation in the absence of doxycycline. The doxycycline-independent oncogenicity in these recurrent tumour-derived lines persisted even after PAX3-FOXO1 was inactivated with a CRISPR/Cas9 editing strategy. Whereas cell lines derived from primary tumours were dependent on PAX3-FOXO1 and differentiated following doxycycline withdrawal, recurrent tumour-derived cells without PAX3-FOXO1 expression did not differentiate under these conditions. These findings indicate that PAX3-FOXO1 collaborates with MYCN during early RMS tumourigenesis to dysregulate proliferation and inhibit myogenic differentiation and cell death. Although most cells in the primary tumours are dependent on PAX3-FOXO1, recurrent tumours can develop by a PAX3-FOXO1-independent mechanism, in which rare cells are postulated to acquire secondary transforming events that were activated or selected by initial PAX3-FOXO1 expression. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa R Pandey
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bishwanath Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary E Olanich
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markku M Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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483
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Shurer CR, Colville MJ, Gupta VK, Head SE, Kai F, Lakins JN, Paszek MJ. Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:388-399. [PMID: 29805991 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. However, tools to experimentally mimic and model the cancer-specific glycocalyx remain limited. Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. By manipulating the glycocalyx structure, we are able to switch the adhesive state of cells from strongly adherent to fully detached. Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. Together, our technology provides a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Marshall J Colville
- Cornell University, Field of Biophysics, 107 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 105 Upson Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shelby E Head
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - FuiBoon Kai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Jonathon N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Cornell University, Field of Biophysics, 107 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Field of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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484
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Genovese G, Carugo A, Tepper J, Robinson FS, Li L, Svelto M, Nezi L, Corti D, Minelli R, Pettazzoni P, Gutschner T, Wu CC, Seth S, Akdemir KC, Leo E, Amin S, Molin MD, Ying H, Kwong LN, Colla S, Takahashi K, Ghosh P, Giuliani V, Muller F, Dey P, Jiang S, Garvey J, Liu CG, Zhang J, Heffernan TP, Toniatti C, Fleming JB, Goggins MG, Wood LD, Sgambato A, Agaimy A, Maitra A, Roberts CWM, Wang H, Viale A, DePinho RA, Draetta GF, Chin L. Synthetic vulnerabilities of mesenchymal subpopulations in pancreatic cancer. Nature 2017; 542:362-366. [PMID: 28178232 DOI: 10.1038/nature21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms evolve in response to changes in oncogenic signalling. Cancer cell plasticity in response to evolutionary pressures is fundamental to tumour progression and the development of therapeutic resistance. Here we determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer cell plasticity in a conditional oncogenic Kras mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a malignancy that displays considerable phenotypic diversity and morphological heterogeneity. In this model, stochastic extinction of oncogenic Kras signalling and emergence of Kras-independent escaper populations (cells that acquire oncogenic properties) are associated with de-differentiation and aggressive biological behaviour. Transcriptomic and functional analyses of Kras-independent escapers reveal the presence of Smarcb1-Myc-network-driven mesenchymal reprogramming and independence from MAPK signalling. A somatic mosaic model of PDAC, which allows time-restricted perturbation of cell fate, shows that depletion of Smarcb1 activates the Myc network, driving an anabolic switch that increases protein metabolism and adaptive activation of endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-induced survival pathways. Increased protein turnover renders mesenchymal sub-populations highly susceptible to pharmacological and genetic perturbation of the cellular proteostatic machinery and the IRE1-α-MKK4 arm of the endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-response pathway. Specifically, combination regimens that impair the unfolded protein responses block the emergence of aggressive mesenchymal subpopulations in mouse and patient-derived PDAC models. These molecular and biological insights inform a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting aggressive mesenchymal features of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20141, Italy
| | - James Tepper
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Frederick Scott Robinson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Liren Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise Corti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Pettazzoni
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kadir Caner Akdemir
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elisabetta Leo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Samirkumar Amin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marco Dal Molin
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Papia Ghosh
- Office of Technology Commercialization, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Florian Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jill Garvey
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Carlo Toniatti
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 77027, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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485
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A novel inducible lentiviral system for multi-gene expression with human HSP70 promoter and tetracycline-induced promoter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3689-3702. [PMID: 28160047 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite lentiviral system's predominance, its ultimate potential for gene therapy has not been fully exploited. Currently, most lentivirus vectors are non-inducible expression system or single-gene-induced system, which limits the extensive application in gene therapy. In this study, we designed a novel lentiviral vector containing HSP70 promoter and TRE promoter. Compared to traditional lentiviral vectors and inducible vectors, our controllable system has many advantages. Firstly, it contains multiple gene or shRNA targets. Secondly, genes expression is on/off in response to heat shock and DOX induction in time of need respectively with high effectivity and sensitivity. Thirdly, TRE promoter and HSP70 promoter can work with no interference from each other in the same inducible lentiviral vector. In addition, our study also shows that our novel vector has a higher downstream gene expression efficiency than co-transfection method and can co-position multi-genes in single cell effectively. Finally, we propose four derived models based on our vector at the end, which may be useful in biological research and clinical research in the future. Therefore, we believe that this novel lentiviral system could be promising in gene therapy for tumor.
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486
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van den Berg DLC, Azzarelli R, Oishi K, Martynoga B, Urbán N, Dekkers DHW, Demmers JA, Guillemot F. Nipbl Interacts with Zfp609 and the Integrator Complex to Regulate Cortical Neuron Migration. Neuron 2017; 93:348-361. [PMID: 28041881 PMCID: PMC5263256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in NIPBL are the most frequent cause of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), a developmental disorder encompassing several neurological defects, including intellectual disability and seizures. How NIPBL mutations affect brain development is not understood. Here we identify Nipbl as a functional interaction partner of the neural transcription factor Zfp609 in brain development. Depletion of Zfp609 or Nipbl from cortical neural progenitors in vivo is detrimental to neuronal migration. Zfp609 and Nipbl overlap at genomic binding sites independently of cohesin and regulate genes that control cortical neuron migration. We find that Zfp609 and Nipbl interact with the Integrator complex, which functions in RNA polymerase 2 pause release. Indeed, Zfp609 and Nipbl co-localize at gene promoters containing paused RNA polymerase 2, and Integrator similarly regulates neuronal migration. Our data provide a rationale and mechanistic insights for the role of Nipbl in the neurological defects associated with CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Azzarelli
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Koji Oishi
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Ben Martynoga
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Noelia Urbán
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Center for Proteomics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A Demmers
- Center for Proteomics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - François Guillemot
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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487
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Inoue M, Oyama D, Hidaka K, Kameoka M. Evaluation of novel protease inhibitors against darunavir-resistant variants of HIV type 1. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:88-95. [PMID: 28097091 PMCID: PMC5221448 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV disease became a manageable chronic disease since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced as the standard treatment regimen. However, the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses is a major problem associated with cART. A phenotypic drug susceptibility test using a lentiviral vector was established and applied to evaluate new protease inhibitors (PIs). Lentiviral vectors representing a wild‐type (WT‐lentivector) and darunavir (DRV)‐resistant HIV type 1 (HIV‐1) (DRVr‐lentivector) were generated. Nine clinically approved protease inhibitors (PIs) inhibited the transduction ability of WT‐lentivector similar to their inhibitory effects on the replication of WT HIV‐1. Three new PIs reduced the transduction ability of WT‐ and DRVr‐lentivector, suggesting that these PIs may be the candidates as novel antiretroviral drugs against drug‐resistant variants of HIV‐1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Inoue
- Department of International Health Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hyogo Japan
| | - Daiki Oyama
- Department of International Health Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hyogo Japan
| | - Koushi Hidaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Hyogo Japan
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of International Health Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hyogo Japan
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488
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Ylivinkka I, Sihto H, Tynninen O, Hu Y, Laakso A, Kivisaari R, Laakkonen P, Keski-Oja J, Hyytiäinen M. Motility of glioblastoma cells is driven by netrin-1 induced gain of stemness. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2017; 36:9. [PMID: 28069038 PMCID: PMC5223529 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is an untreatable brain cancer. The tumors contain a population of stem-like cells which are highly invasive and resistant to therapies. These cells are the main reason for the lethality of glioblastoma. Extracellular guidance molecule netrin-1 promotes the invasiveness and survival of various cancer cell types. We have previously found that netrin-1 activates Notch signaling, and Notch signaling associates with cell stemness. Therefore, we have here investigated the effects of netrin-1 on glioblastoma pathogenesis and glioblastoma cell stemness. METHODS Glioma tissue microarrays were stained with immunohistochemistry and the results were used to evaluate the association between netrin-1 and survival of glioma patients. The localization of netrin-1 was analyzed utilizing fresh frozen glioblastoma tissues. The glioma cell invasion was investigated using ex vivo glioma tissue cultures and newly established primary cell cultures in 3D in vitro invasion assays. Intracranial mouse xenograft models were utilized to investigate the effects of netrin-1 on glioblastoma growth and invasion in vivo. RESULTS Netrin-1 expression associated with poor patient prognosis in grade II-III gliomas. In addition, its expression correlated with the stem-like cell marker nestin. Netrin-1 overexpression in cultured cells led to increased formation of stem-like cell spheroids. In glioblastoma tumor biopsies netrin-1 localized to hypoxic tumor areas known to be rich in the stem-like cells. In xenograft mouse models netrin-1 expression altered the phenotype of non-invasive glioblastoma cells into diffusively invading and increased the expression of glioma stem-like cell markers. Furthermore, a distinct invasion pattern where netrin-1 positive cells were following the invasive stem-like cells was detected both in mouse models and ex vivo human glioblastoma tissue cultures. Inhibition of netrin-1 signaling targeted especially the stem-like cells and inhibited their infiltrative growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings describe netrin-1 as an important regulator of glioblastoma cell stemness and motility. Netrin-1 activates Notch signaling in glioblastoma cells resulting in subsequent gain of stemness and enhanced invasiveness of these cells. Moreover, inhibition of netrin-1 signaling may offer a way to target stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ylivinkka
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Sihto
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Keski-Oja
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, B530b2, PL 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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489
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Peña LC, Argarañá MF, Zan MMD, Giorello A, Antuña S, Prieto CC, Veaute CMI, Müller DM. New Amphiphilic Amino Acid Derivatives for Efficient DNA Transfection <i>in Vitro</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2017.72014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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490
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Fettweis G, Di Valentin E, L'homme L, Lassence C, Dequiedt F, Fillet M, Coupienne I, Piette J. RIP3 antagonizes a TSC2-mediated pro-survival pathway in glioblastoma cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:113-124. [PMID: 27984090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the deadliest type of brain cancer and are frequently associated with poor prognosis and a high degree of recurrence despite removal by surgical resection and treatment by chemo- and radio-therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment well known to induce mainly necrotic and apoptotic cell death in solid tumors. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based PDT was recently shown to sensitize human glioblastoma cells (LN-18) to a RIP3 (Receptor Interacting Protein 3)-dependent cell death which is counter-acted by activation of autophagy. These promising results led us to investigate the pathways involved in cell death and survival mechanisms occurring in glioblastoma following PDT. In the present study, we describe a new TSC2 (Tuberous Sclerosis 2)-dependent survival pathway implicating MK2 (MAPKAPK2) kinase and 14-3-3 proteins which conducts to the activation of a pro-survival autophagy. Moreover, we characterized a new RIP3/TSC2 complex where RIP3 is suggested to promote cell death by targeting TSC2-dependent survival pathway. These results highlight (i) a new role of TSC2 to protect glioblastoma against PDT-induced cell death and (ii) TSC2 and 14-3-3 as new RIP3 partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fettweis
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-I(3), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Laurent L'homme
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-I(3), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Lassence
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-I(3), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Coupienne
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-I(3), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-I(3), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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491
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Perelman SS, Abrams ME, Eitson JL, Chen D, Jimenez A, Mettlen M, Schoggins JW, Alto NM. Cell-Based Screen Identifies Human Interferon-Stimulated Regulators of Listeria monocytogenes Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006102. [PMID: 28002492 PMCID: PMC5176324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) activated transcriptional response is a critical antiviral defense mechanism, yet its role in bacterial pathogenesis remains less well characterized. Using an intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) as a model bacterial pathogen, we sought to identify the roles of individual interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in context of bacterial infection. Previously, IFN has been implicated in both restricting and promoting Lm growth and immune stimulatory functions in vivo. Here we adapted a gain-of-function flow cytometry based approach to screen a library of more than 350 human ISGs for inhibitors and enhancers of Lm infection. We identify 6 genes, including UNC93B1, MYD88, AQP9, and TRIM14 that potently inhibit Lm infection. These inhibitors act through both transcription-mediated (MYD88) and non-transcriptional mechanisms (TRIM14). Further, we identify and characterize the human high affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRIa as an enhancer of Lm internalization. Our results reveal that FcγRIa promotes Lm uptake in the absence of known host Lm internalization receptors (E-cadherin and c-Met) as well as bacterial surface internalins (InlA and InlB). Additionally, FcγRIa-mediated uptake occurs independently of Lm opsonization or canonical FcγRIa signaling. Finally, we established the contribution of FcγRIa to Lm infection in phagocytic cells, thus potentially linking the IFN response to a novel bacterial uptake pathway. Together, these studies provide an experimental and conceptual basis for deciphering the role of IFN in bacterial defense and virulence at single-gene resolution. While the type I interferon response is known to be activated by both viruses and bacteria, it has mostly been characterized in terms of its antiviral properties. Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic Gram-positive bacterial pathogen with up to 50% mortality rate and a variety of clinical manifestations, is a potent activator of interferon secretion. In mouse models, interferon has been previously implicated in both restricting and promoting L. monocytogenes infection. Here, we utilized a high-throughput flow-cytometry based approach to screen a library of human interferon I stimulated genes (ISGs) and identified regulators of L. monocytogenes infection. These include inhibitors that act through both transcriptional (MYD88) and transcription-independent (TRIM14) mechanisms. Strikingly, expression of the human high affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRIa (CD64) was found to potently enhance L. monocytogenes infection. Both biochemical and cellular studies indicate that FcγRIa increases primary invasion of L. monocytogenes through a previously uncharacterized IgG-independent internalization mechanism. Together, these studies provide an important insight into the complex role of interferon response in bacterial virulence and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya S. Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Eitson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Didi Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JWS); (NMA)
| | - Neal M. Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JWS); (NMA)
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492
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Liu Y, Qiao F, Wang H. Enhanced Proteostasis in Post-ischemic Stroke Mouse Brains by Ubiquilin-1 Promotes Functional Recovery. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1325-1329. [PMID: 27928652 PMCID: PMC5462886 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is pathologically associated with oxidative stress, protein damage, and neuronal loss. We previously reported that overexpression of a ubiquitin-like protein, ubiquilin-1 (Ubqln), protects neurons against ischemia-caused brain injury, while knockout of the gene exacerbates cerebral ischemia-caused neuronal damage and delays functional recovery. Although these observations indicate that Ubqln is a potential therapeutic target, transgenic manipulation-caused overexpression of Ubqln occurs before the event of ischemic stroke, and it remains unknown whether delayed Ubqln overexpression in post-ischemic brains within a clinically relevant time frame is still beneficial. To address this question, we generated lentiviruses (LVs) either overexpressing or knocking down mouse Ubqln, and treated post-ischemic stroke mice 6 h following the middle cerebral artery occlusion with the LVs before animal behaviors were evaluated at day 1, 3, 5, and 7. Our data indicate that post-ischemic overexpression of Ubqln significantly promoted functional recovery, whereas post-ischemic downregulation of Ubqln expression delays functional recovery. To further understand the mechanisms underlying how Ubqln functions, we also isolated protein aggregates from the brains of wild-type mice or the mice overexpressing Ubqln following ischemia/reperfusion. Western blot analysis indicates that overexpression of Ubqln significantly reduced the accumulation of protein aggregates. These observations not only suggest that Ubqln is a useful candidate for therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke but also highlight the significance of proteostasis in functional recovery following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Fangfang Qiao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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493
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Desai M, Slusarczyk AL, Chapin A, Barch M, Jasanoff A. Molecular imaging with engineered physiology. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13607. [PMID: 27910951 PMCID: PMC5146284 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging techniques are powerful tools for evaluating biological systems. Relating image signals to precise molecular phenomena can be challenging, however, due to limitations of the existing optical, magnetic and radioactive imaging probe mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a concept for molecular imaging which bypasses the need for conventional imaging agents by perturbing the endogenous multimodal contrast provided by the vasculature. Variants of the calcitonin gene-related peptide artificially activate vasodilation pathways in rat brain and induce contrast changes that are readily measured by optical and magnetic resonance imaging. CGRP-based agents induce effects at nanomolar concentrations in deep tissue and can be engineered into switchable analyte-dependent forms and genetically encoded reporters suitable for molecular imaging or cell tracking. Such artificially engineered physiological changes, therefore, provide a highly versatile means for sensitive analysis of molecular events in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Desai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Adrian L. Slusarczyk
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ashley Chapin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mariya Barch
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 16-561, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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494
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Zhu Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Li L, Wang D, Zhang W, Liu L, Jiang H, Yang J, Cheng J. Overexpression of miR-29b reduces collagen biosynthesis by inhibiting heat shock protein 47 during skin wound healing. Transl Res 2016; 178:38-53.e6. [PMID: 27477081 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin scar formation is characterized by excessive synthesis and aberrant deposition of collagens during wound healing. MicroRNAs are endogenous gene regulators critically involved in diverse biological events including skin scar formation and hold considerable promise as therapeutic targets. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms responsible for collagen production during skin wound repair and scar formation remain incompletely known. Here our data revealed that significant downregulation of miR-29b and upregulation of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) were observed during wound healing in both excisional and burn wound models and also detected in facial skin scar as compared to adjacent healthy skin. HSP47, a specific chaperon for collagen production and secretion, was identified as a novel and direct post-transcriptional target of miR-29b in skin fibroblasts via bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation. Moreover, the regulatory functions of miR-29b in collagen biosynthesis are partially achieved through modulating HSP47 expression in skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, the profibrotic growth factor TGF-β1 inhibited miR-29b transcription by activating TGF-β/Smads signaling and in turn depressed HSP47 and enhanced collagen 1 production. In contrast, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α significantly induced miR-29b transcription via activating NF-κB signaling but had no significant effect on HSP47 and collagen production in skin fibroblasts. Importantly, local delivery of miR-29b lentiviral particles inhibited HSP47 expression and collagen biosynthesis as well as suppressed angiogenesis, thus reducing scar formation in an excisional wound splinting model. Collectively, our data reveal that miR-29b can reduce collagen biosynthesis during skin wound healing likely via post-transcriptional inhibition of HSP47 expression. These findings also suggest that therapeutic targeting of miR-29b/HSP47 might be a viable alternative strategy to prevent or reduce scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China PRC
| | - Dongmiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC; Department of Oral Pathology School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC.
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC.
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495
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Berrios C, Padi M, Keibler MA, Park DE, Molla V, Cheng J, Lee SM, Stephanopoulos G, Quackenbush J, DeCaprio JA. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Promotes Pro-Glycolytic Metabolic Perturbations Required for Transformation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006020. [PMID: 27880818 PMCID: PMC5120958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is an etiological agent of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive skin cancer. The MCPyV small tumor antigen (ST) is required for maintenance of MCC and can transform normal cells. To gain insight into cellular perturbations induced by MCPyV ST, we performed transcriptome analysis of normal human fibroblasts with inducible expression of ST. MCPyV ST dynamically alters the cellular transcriptome with increased levels of glycolytic genes, including the monocarboxylate lactate transporter SLC16A1 (MCT1). Extracellular flux analysis revealed increased lactate export reflecting elevated aerobic glycolysis in ST expressing cells. Inhibition of MCT1 activity suppressed the growth of MCC cell lines and impaired MCPyV-dependent transformation of IMR90 cells. Both NF-κB and MYC have been shown to regulate MCT1 expression. While MYC was required for MCT1 induction, MCPyV-induced MCT1 levels decreased following knockdown of the NF-κB subunit RelA, supporting a synergistic activity between MCPyV and MYC in regulating MCT1 levels. Several MCC lines had high levels of MYCL and MYCN but not MYC. Increased levels of MYCL was more effective than MYC or MYCN in increasing extracellular acidification in MCC cells. Our results demonstrate the effects of MCPyV ST on the cellular transcriptome and reveal that transformation is dependent, at least in part, on elevated aerobic glycolysis. In 2008, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was identified as clonally integrated in a majority of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC), a rare but highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Since then, studies have highlighted the roles of the MCPyV T antigens in promoting and sustaining MCC oncogenesis. In particular, MCPyV small T antigen (ST) has oncogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. We performed transcriptome analysis of normal human fibroblasts with inducible expression of MCPyV ST and observed significant alterations in levels of metabolic pathway genes, particularly those involved in glycolysis. MCT1, a major monocarboxylate transporter, was rapidly induced following ST expression and inhibition of MCT1 activity reduced the ST growth promoting and transforming activities. The metabolic perturbations induced by this oncogenic human polyomavirus reflect a potent transforming mechanism of MCPyV ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Berrios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megha Padi
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Keibler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donglim Esther Park
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vadim Molla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jingwei Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soo Mi Lee
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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496
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Rose JC, Huang PS, Camp ND, Ye J, Leidal AM, Goreshnik I, Trevillian BM, Dickinson MS, Cunningham-Bryant D, Debnath J, Baker D, Wolf-Yadlin A, Maly DJ. A computationally engineered RAS rheostat reveals RAS-ERK signaling dynamics. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 13:119-126. [PMID: 27870838 PMCID: PMC5161653 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic protein switches controlled with user-defined inputs are powerful tools for studying and controlling dynamic cellular processes. To date, these approaches have relied primarily on intermolecular regulation. Here, we report a computationally-guided framework for engineering intramolecular regulation of protein function. We utilize this framework to develop Chemically Inducible Activator of RAS (CIAR), a single-component RAS rheostat that directly activates endogenous RAS in response to a small molecule. Using CIAR, we show that direct RAS activation elicits markedly different RAS/ERK signaling dynamics compared to growth factor stimulation, and that these dynamics differ between cell types. We also found that the clinically-approved RAF inhibitor vemurafenib potently primes cells to respond to direct wild-type RAS activation. These results demonstrate the utility of CIAR for quantitatively interrogating RAS signaling. Finally, we demonstrate the general utility of our approach to design intramolecularly-regulated protein tools by applying this methodology to the Rho Family GEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Po-Ssu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathan D Camp
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jordan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew M Leidal
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Inna Goreshnik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Miles S Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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497
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The histone demethylase KDM4B regulates peritoneal seeding of ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2565-2576. [PMID: 27869162 PMCID: PMC5418103 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has poor prognosis and rapid recurrence because of widespread dissemination of peritoneal metastases at diagnosis. Multiple pathways contribute to the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer, including hypoxic signaling mechanisms. In this study, we have determined that the hypoxia-inducible histone demethylase KDM4B is expressed in ∼60% of EOC tumors assayed, including primary and matched metastatic tumors. Expression of KDM4B in tumors is positively correlated with expression of the tumor hypoxia marker CA-IX, and is robustly induced in EOC cell lines exposed to hypoxia. KDM4B regulates expression of metastatic genes and pathways, and loss of KDM4B increases H3K9 trimethylation at the promoters of target genes like LOXL2, LCN2 and PDGFB. Suppressing KDM4B inhibits ovarian cancer cell invasion, migration and spheroid formation in vitro. KDM4B also regulates seeding and growth of peritoneal tumors in vivo, where its expression corresponds to hypoxic regions. This is the first demonstration that a Jumonji-domain histone demethylase regulates cellular processes required for peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells, one of the predominant factors affecting prognosis of EOC. The pathways regulated by KDM4B may present novel opportunities to develop combinatorial therapies to improve existing therapies for EOC patients.
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498
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Hayer A, Shao L, Chung M, Joubert LM, Yang HW, Tsai FC, Bisaria A, Betzig E, Meyer T. Engulfed cadherin fingers are polarized junctional structures between collectively migrating endothelial cells. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1311-1323. [PMID: 27842057 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of tissues requires collective cell movement, during which neighbouring cells coordinate the polarity of their migration machineries. Here, we ask how polarity signals are transmitted from one cell to another across symmetrical cadherin junctions, during collective migration. We demonstrate that collectively migrating endothelial cells have polarized VE-cadherin-rich membrane protrusions, 'cadherin fingers', which leading cells extend from their rear and follower cells engulf at their front, thereby generating opposite membrane curvatures and asymmetric recruitment of curvature-sensing proteins. In follower cells, engulfment of cadherin fingers occurs along with the formation of a lamellipodia-like zone with low actomyosin contractility, and requires VE-cadherin/catenin complexes and Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization. Lateral accumulation of cadherin fingers in follower cells precedes turning, and increased actomyosin contractility can initiate cadherin finger extension as well as engulfment by a neighbouring cell, to promote follower behaviour. We propose that cadherin fingers serve as guidance cues that direct collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lydia-Marie Joubert
- Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hee Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Feng-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Anjali Bisaria
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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499
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Matheson TD, Kaufman PD. The p150N domain of chromatin assembly factor-1 regulates Ki-67 accumulation on the mitotic perichromosomal layer. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:21-29. [PMID: 27807046 PMCID: PMC5221625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) deposits histones during DNA synthesis. The p150 subunit of human CAF-1 contains an N-terminal domain (p150N) that is dispensable for histone deposition but promotes the localization of specific loci (nucleolar-associated domains [NADs]) and proteins to the nucleolus during interphase. One of the p150N-regulated proteins is proliferation antigen Ki-67, whose depletion also decreases the nucleolar association of NADs. Ki-67 is also a fundamental component of the perichromosomal layer (PCL), a sheath of proteins surrounding condensed chromosomes during mitosis. We show here that a subset of p150 localizes to the PCL during mitosis and that p150N is required for normal levels of Ki-67 accumulation on the PCL. This activity requires the sumoylation-interacting motif within p150N, which is also required for the nucleolar localization of NADs and Ki-67 during interphase. In this manner, p150N coordinates both interphase and mitotic nuclear structures via Ki67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Matheson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Paul D Kaufman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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500
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Yang C, Sengupta S, Hegde PM, Mitra J, Jiang S, Holey B, Sarker AH, Tsai MS, Hegde ML, Mitra S. Regulation of oxidized base damage repair by chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:739-748. [PMID: 27794043 PMCID: PMC5314755 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated both endogenously and in response to exogenous stress, induce point mutations by mis-replication of oxidized bases and other lesions in the genome. Repair of these lesions via base excision repair (BER) pathway maintains genomic fidelity. Regulation of the BER pathway for mutagenic oxidized bases, initiated by NEIL1 and other DNA glycosylases at the chromatin level remains unexplored. Whether single nucleotide (SN)-BER of a damaged base requires histone deposition or nucleosome remodeling is unknown, unlike nucleosome reassembly which is shown to be required for other DNA repair processes. Here we show that chromatin assembly factor (CAF)-1 subunit A (CHAF1A), the p150 subunit of the histone H3/H4 chaperone, and its partner anti-silencing function protein 1A (ASF1A), which we identified in human NEIL1 immunoprecipitation complex, transiently dissociate from chromatin bound NEIL1 complex in G1 cells after induction of oxidative base damage. CHAF1A inhibits NEIL1 initiated repair in vitro. Subsequent restoration of the chaperone-BER complex in cell, presumably after completion of repair, suggests that histone chaperones sequester the repair complex for oxidized bases in non-replicating chromatin, and allow repair when oxidized bases are induced in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brooke Holey
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Altaf H Sarker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miaw-Sheue Tsai
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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