451
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Xiao W, Zhang R, Sohrabi A, Ehsanipour A, Sun S, Liang J, Walthers CM, Ta L, Nathanson DA, Seidlits SK. Brain-Mimetic 3D Culture Platforms Allow Investigation of Cooperative Effects of Extracellular Matrix Features on Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1358-1370. [PMID: 29282221 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors exhibit potentially actionable genetic alterations against which targeted therapies have been effective in treatment of other cancers. However, these therapies have largely failed in GBM patients. A notable example is kinase inhibitors of EGFR, which display poor clinical efficacy despite overexpression and/or mutation of EGFR in >50% of GBM. In addressing this issue, preclinical models may be limited by the inability to accurately replicate pathophysiologic interactions of GBM cells with unique aspects of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), which is relatively enriched in hyaluronic acid (HA) and flexible. In this study, we present a brain-mimetic biomaterial ECM platform for 3D culturing of patient-derived GBM cells, with improved pathophysiologic properties as an experimental model. Compared with orthotopic xenograft assays, the novel biomaterial cultures we developed better preserved the physiology and kinetics of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibition than gliomasphere cultures. Orthogonal modulation of both HA content and mechanical properties of biomaterial scaffolds was required to achieve this result. Overall, our findings show how specific interactions between GBM cell receptors and scaffold components contribute significantly to resistance to the cytotoxic effects of EGFR inhibition.Significance: Three-dimensional culture scaffolds of glioblastoma provide a better physiological representation over current methods of patient-derived cell culture and xenograft models. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1358-70. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arshia Ehsanipour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Songping Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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452
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Huynh M, Pak C, Markovina S, Callander NS, Chng KS, Wuerzberger-Davis SM, Bakshi DD, Kink JA, Hematti P, Hope C, Asimakopoulos F, Rui L, Miyamoto S. Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) activates bortezomib-resistant NF-κB activity and increases drug resistance in multiple myeloma. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2452-2465. [PMID: 29279332 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that play a key role in cell survival and proliferation in many hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used in the management of MM, can inhibit both canonical and noncanonical activation of NF-κB in MM cells. However, we previously reported that a significant fraction of freshly isolated MM cells harbor bortezomib-resistant NF-κB activity. Here, we report that hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) is produced in bone marrow stromal cells from MM patients, is detected in patients' bone marrow plasma, and can activate an atypical bortezomib-resistant NF-κB pathway in MM cells. We found that this pathway involves bortezomib-resistant degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα), despite efficient bortezomib-mediated inhibition of proteasome activity. Moreover, HAPLN1 can also confer bortezomib-resistant survival of MM cells. We propose that HAPLN1 is a novel pathogenic factor in MM that induces an atypical NF-κB activation and thereby promotes bortezomib resistance in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chorom Pak
- the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program
| | - Stephanie Markovina
- the Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program.,the Medical Sciences Training Program
| | - Natalie S Callander
- the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center.,the Department of Medicine
| | - Kenneth S Chng
- the McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, and.,the Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Shelly M Wuerzberger-Davis
- the McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, and.,the Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | | | - John A Kink
- the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
| | - Peiman Hematti
- the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center.,the Department of Medicine
| | - Chelsea Hope
- the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center.,the Department of Medicine
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center.,the Department of Medicine
| | - Lixin Rui
- the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center.,the Department of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- the Department of Medicine, .,the McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, and.,the Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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453
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Huang L, Wang Y, Liu H, Huang J. Local injection of high-molecular hyaluronan promotes wound healing in old rats by increasing angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8241-8252. [PMID: 29492191 PMCID: PMC5823590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis contributes to delayed wound healing in aging. Hyaluronan (HA) has a close relationship with angiogenesis and wound healing. However, HA content decreases with age. In this study, we used high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) (1650 kDa), and investigated its effects on wound healing in old rats by local injection. We found that HMW-HA significantly increases proliferation, migration and tube formation in endothelial cells, and protects endothelial cells against apoptosis. Local injection of HMW-HA promotes wound healing by increasing angiogenesis in old rats. HMW-HA increases the phosphorylation of Src, ERK and AKT, leading to increased angiogenesis, suggesting that local injection of HMW-HA promotes wound healing in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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454
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Mayr L, Pirker C, Lötsch D, Van Schoonhoven S, Windhager R, Englinger B, Berger W, Kubista B. CD44 drives aggressiveness and chemoresistance of a metastatic human osteosarcoma xenograft model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114095-114108. [PMID: 29371972 PMCID: PMC5768389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor with a 5 year survival rate of up to 70%. However, patients with metastatic disease have still a very poor prognosis. Osteosarcoma metastasis models are essential to develop novel treatment strategies for advanced disease. Methods Based on a serial transplantation approach, we have established a U-2 OS osteosarcoma xenograft model with increased metastatic potential and compared it to other metastatic osteosarcoma models from international sources. Subclones with differing invasive potential were compared for genomic gains and losses as well as gene expression changes by several bioinformatic approaches. Based on the acquired results, the effects of a shRNA-mediated CD44 mRNA knockdown on migration, invasion and chemosensitivity were evaluated. Results The CD44 gene was part of an amplified region at chromosome 11p found in both U-2 OS subclones with enhanced metastatic potential but not in parental U-2 OS cells, corresponding with distinct CD44 overexpression. Accordingly, shRNA-mediated CD44 knockdown significantly attenuated osteosarcoma cell migration, invasion, and viability especially in the metastatic subclones of U-2 OS and Saos-2 cells. Metastatic subclones generally were hypersensitive against the integrin inhibitor cilengitide paralleled by alterations in integrin expression pattern following CD44 knock-down. Additionally, attenuation of CD44 expression sensitized these cell models against osteosarcoma chemotherapy with doxorubicin but not methotrexate and cisplatin. Conclusions The osteosarcoma xenograft models with increased metastatic potential developed in this study can be useful for identification of mechanisms driving metastasis and resistance towards clinically used and novel therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mayr
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lötsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla Van Schoonhoven
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Kubista
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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455
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Torabi F, Bogle OA, Estanyol JM, Oliva R, Miller D. Zona pellucida-binding protein 2 (ZPBP2) and several proteins containing BX7B motifs in human sperm may have hyaluronic acid binding or recognition properties. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:803-816. [PMID: 29126140 PMCID: PMC5909853 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there novel hyaladherins in human sperm? SUMMARY ANSWER Zona pellucida-binding protein 2 (ZPBP2), containing a Link-like hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding domain, and several other proteins containing BX7B motifs, such as ADAM32 and Midkine, may be novel hyaladherins with HA-binding properties. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins), which can bind HA surrounding the cumulus-oophorus complex, are distinct from hyases such as PH 20 (SPAM1) and are expressed by mature spermatozoa. Although HABP1 and CD44 are reasonably well characterized hyaladherins and the former has been implicated in sperm-oocyte interactions, the overall significance of sperm hyaladherins for male fertility is still poorly understood. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a laboratory-based investigation into human sperm hyaladherins undertaken as part of a three year PhD programme sponsored by the EU Marie Curie Training network, Reprotrain. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Protein homogenates of sperm obtained from young men of unknown fertility (N = 4) were partitioned into HA-binding and non-binding fractions by a protein affinity 'panning' method; their subsequent characterization was by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and partitioning behaviour was confirmed by western blotting. Sequences of proteins from both fractions were submitted to PDBsum to look for orthologous entries (PDB codes) and all returned codes were queried against the matching protein using SAS (Sequences Annotated by Structure) looking for structural similarities between them. A systematic search for other common features of hyaladherins was also undertaken. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The presence of BX7B sequence motifs found in several well-described hyaladherins including RHAMM was used to assess efficacy of potential hyaladherin partitioning by the HA substrate. The data showed that 50% (14/28) and 34.5% (28/81) of proteins in the bound and unbound fractions, respectively, contained these motifs (one-tailed Z-score = 1.45; P = 0.074), indicating weak discrimination by the substrate. Querying PDBsum with sequences for all bound proteins returned several PDB codes matching ZPBP2 with the HA-binding Link domain of the hyaladherin, CD44. Western blot analysis confirmed the affinity partitioning of proteins indicated by the LC-MS/MS results, with ADAM32 (containing two BX7B motifs) and ZPBP2 (containing a Link-like HA-binding domain) present only in the binding fraction. There remains the possibility that the putative hyaladherins uncovered by this study were coincidentally enriched by HA-binding. LARGE SCALE DATA The full proteomics data set is available on request. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The protein extraction methods or the HA substrate used to pan them in this study were probably not ideal, as hyaladherins expected to be present in sperm homogenates (such as CD44 and RHAMM) were not detected. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results provide evidence that ZPBP2, found only in the bound fraction, may have hyaladherin-like properties, which could reflect the evolutionary background context of contemporary sperm-oocyte interaction mechanisms. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) An EU Marie Curie Sklodowska Initial Training Network Scholarship, supporting Ms Torabi, is gratefully acknowledged. This project was also supported and funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme, a UK MRC and NIHR partnership (Grant No 11/14/ 34). There is no conflict of interest in relation to this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Torabi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Labs, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - O A Bogle
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Estanyol
- Proteomics Unit, Scientific Technical Services, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Oliva
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Miller
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Labs, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
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456
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Liang C, Shi S, Meng Q, Liang D, Ji S, Zhang B, Qin Y, Xu J, Ni Q, Yu X. Complex roles of the stroma in the intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer: where we are and where we are going. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e406. [PMID: 29611542 PMCID: PMC5750480 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most devastating human malignancies. The poor clinical outcome in PDAC is partly attributed to a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. In the PDAC microenvironment, the stroma is characterized by the development of extensive fibrosis, with stromal components outnumbering pancreatic cancer cells. Each of the components within the stroma has a distinct role in conferring chemoresistance to PDAC, and intrinsic chemoresistance has further worsened this pessimistic prognosis. The nucleoside analog gemcitabine (GEM) is usually the recommended first-line chemotherapeutic agent for PDAC patients and is given alone or in combination with other agents. The mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to GEM are an active area of ongoing research. This review highlights the important role the complex structure of stroma in PDAC plays in the intrinsic resistance to GEM and discusses whether antistroma therapy improves the efficacy of GEM. The addition of antistroma therapy combined with GEM is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy with significant survival benefits for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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457
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Ni Y, Zhao S, Yin X, Wang H, Guang Q, Hu G, Yang Y, Jiao S, Shi B. Intravesicular administration of sodium hyaluronate ameliorates the inflammation and cell proliferation of cystitis cystica et glandularis involving interleukin-6/JAK2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15892. [PMID: 29162939 PMCID: PMC5698415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystitis cystica et glandularis (CCEG) is a chronic cystitis that causes extreme agony in affected patients. However, there are lack of effective conservative treatments. In this study, it is evident that intravesicular sodium hyaluronate (SH) therapy significantly improved the clinical symptoms of CCEG patients and ameliorated the bladder mucosal inflammation and cell proliferation characteristics of the disease. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the staining intensities of hyaluronidase (HYAL 1/2), CD44, IL-6 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-Stat3) in bladder mucosal tissue were significantly increased in CCEG patients compared with control patients and that intravesicular SH treatment suppressed these protein expression. We established a CCEG rat model by treating rats with E. coli intravesicularly, and we found that HYAL 1/2 and CD44 expression levels were significantly increased in the E. coli group compared with the NC group. Activation of the IL-6/JAK2/Stat3 pathway and the expression levels of the downstream pro-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL were also significantly increased in the E. coli group compared with the NC group. The above changes were significantly mitigated by intravesicular SH treatment. Therefore, SH may serve as an effective therapy for CCEG by inhibiting bladder mucosal inflammation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Ni
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Urology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Haixin Wang
- Department of Urology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Qianqian Guang
- Department of Pathology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Guangxia Hu
- Department of Pathology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Shoubin Jiao
- Department of Urology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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458
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Gurruchaga H, Saenz Del Burgo L, Garate A, Delgado D, Sanchez P, Orive G, Ciriza J, Sanchez M, Pedraz JL. Cryopreservation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Allogeneic Bioscaffold based on Platelet Rich Plasma and Synovial Fluid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15733. [PMID: 29146943 PMCID: PMC5691190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as an alternative strategy to treat knee osteoarthritis. In this context, MSCs derived from synovial fluid could provide higher chondrogenic and cartilage regeneration, presenting synovial fluid as an appropriate MSCs source. An allogeneic and biomimetic bioscaffold composed of Platelet Rich Plasma and synovial fluid that preserve and mimics the natural environment of MSCs isolated from knee has also been developed. We have optimized the cryopreservation of knee-isolated MSCs embedded within the aforementioned biomimetic scaffold, in order to create a reserve of young autologous embedded knee MSCs for future clinical applications. We have tested several cryoprotectant solutions combining dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sucrose and human serum and quantifying the viability and functionality of the embedded MSCs after thawing. MSCs embedded in bioscaffolds cryopreserved with DMSO 10% or the combination of DMSO 10% and Sucrose 0,2 M displayed the best cell viabilities maintaining the multilineage differentiation potential of MSCs after thawing. In conclusion, embedded young MSCs within allogeneic biomimetic bioscaffold can be cryopreserved with the cryoprotectant solutions described in this work, allowing their future clinical use in patients with cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Gurruchaga
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz Del Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ane Garate
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit-UTBA, Hospital Vithas San Jose, C/Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit-UTBA, Hospital Vithas San Jose, C/Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pello Sanchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit-UTBA, Hospital Vithas San Jose, C/Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mikel Sanchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San Jose, C/Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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459
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Nguyen N, Kumar A, Chacko S, Ouellette RJ, Ghosh A. Human hyaluronic acid synthase-1 promotes malignant transformation via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, micronucleation and centrosome abnormalities. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:48. [PMID: 29137675 PMCID: PMC5686803 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules are synthesized by three membrane spanning Hyaluronic Acid Synthases (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3). Of the three, HAS1 is found to be localized more into the cytoplasmic space where it synthesizes intracellular HA. HA is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan, mainly present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on the cell surface, but are also detected intracellularly. Accumulation of HA in cancer cells, the cancer-surrounding stroma, and ECM is generally considered an independent prognostic factors for patients. Higher HA production also correlates with higher tumor grade and more genetic heterogeneity in multiple cancer types which is known to contribute to drug resistance and results in treatment failure. Tumor heterogeneity and intra-tumor clonal diversity are major challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Identification of the driver pathway(s) that initiate genomic instability, tumor heterogeneity and subsequent phenotypic/clinical manifestations, are fundamental for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Thus far, no evidence was shown to correlate intracellular HA status (produced by HAS1) and the generation of genetic diversity in tumors. Methods We tested different cell lines engineered to induce HAS1 expression. We measured the epithelial traits, centrosomal abnormalities, micronucleation and polynucleation of those HAS1-expressing cells. We performed real-time PCR, 3D cell culture assay, confocal microscopy, immunoblots and HA-capture methods. Results Our results demonstrate that overexpression of HAS1 induces loss of epithelial traits, increases centrosomal abnormalities, micronucleation and polynucleation, which together indicate manifestation of malignant transformation, intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, and possibly create suitable niche for cancer stem cells generation. Conclusions The intracellular HA produced by HAS1 can aggravate genomic instability and intratumor heterogeneity, pointing to a fundamental role of intracellular HA in cancer initiation and progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-017-0204-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet Nguyen
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Awanit Kumar
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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460
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Tolg C, Yuan H, Flynn SM, Basu K, Ma J, Tse KCK, Kowalska B, Vulkanesku D, Cowman MK, McCarthy JB, Turley EA. Hyaluronan modulates growth factor induced mammary gland branching in a size dependent manner. Matrix Biol 2017; 63:117-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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461
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Mandaliti W, Nepravishta R, Pica F, Vallebona PS, Garaci E, Paci M. Thymosin α1 Interacts with Hyaluronic Acid Electrostatically by Its Terminal Sequence LKEKK. Molecules 2017; 22:E1843. [PMID: 29077041 PMCID: PMC6150299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1), is a peptidic hormone, whose immune regulatory properties have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo and approved in different countries for treatment of several viral infections and cancers. Tα1 assumes a conformation in negative membranes upon insertion into the phosphatidylserine exposure as found in several pathologies and in apoptosis. These findings are in agreement with the pleiotropy of Tα1, which targets both normal and tumor cells, interacting with multiple cellular components, and have generated renewed interest in the topic. Hyaluronan (HA) occurs ubiquitously in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces and has been related to a variety of diseases, and developmental and physiological processes. Proteins binding HA, among them CD44 and the Receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) receptors, mediate its biological effects. NMR spectroscopy indicated preliminarily that an interaction of Tα1 with HA occurs specifically around lysine residues of the sequence LKEKK of Tα1 and is suggestive of a possible interference of Tα1 in the binding of HA with CD44 and RHAMM. Further studies are needed to deepen these observations because Tα1 is known to potentiate the T-cell immunity and anti-tumor effect. The binding inhibitory activity of Tα1 on HA-CD44 or HA-RHAMM interactions can suppress both T-cell reactivity and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- School of Pharmacy, East Anglia University, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Sinibaldi Vallebona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Garaci
- San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, 00163 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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462
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Bohaumilitzky L, Huber AK, Stork EM, Wengert S, Woelfl F, Boehm H. A Trickster in Disguise: Hyaluronan's Ambivalent Roles in the Matrix. Front Oncol 2017; 7:242. [PMID: 29062810 PMCID: PMC5640889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a simple but diverse glycosaminoglycan. It plays a major role in aging, cellular senescence, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. In which way HA affects the surrounding tissues greatly depends on the molecular weight of HA. Whereas high molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective effects, HA fragments tend to be linked to the pathologic state. Furthermore, the interaction of HA with its binding partners, the hyaladherins, such as CD44, is essential for sustaining tissue integrity and is likewise related to cancer. The naked mole rat, a rodent species, possesses a special form of very high molecular weight (vHMW) HA, which is associated with the extraordinary cancer resistance and longevity of those animals. This review addresses HA and its diverse facets: from HA synthesis to degradation, from oligomeric HA to vHMW-HA and from its beneficial properties to the involvement in pathologies. We further discuss the functions of HA in the naked mole rat and compare them to human conditions. Though intensively researched, this simple polymer bears some secrets that may hold the key for a better understanding of cellular processes and the development of diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Huber
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Wengert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Woelfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Boehm
- CSF Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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463
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Bhattacharya D, Svechkarev D, Souchek JJ, Hill TK, Taylor MA, Natarajan A, Mohs AM. Impact of structurally modifying hyaluronic acid on CD44 interaction. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8183-8192. [PMID: 29354263 PMCID: PMC5773055 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a widely-distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein that binds hyaluronic acid (HA) in most cell types, including primary tumor cells and cancer-initiating cells and has roles in cell migration, cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion. HA-derived conjugates and nanoparticles that target the CD44 receptor on cells have been reported for targeted delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents. Altering crucial interactions of HA with CD44 active sites holds significant importance in modulating targeting ability of hyaluronic acid to other cancer types that do not express the CD44 receptor or minimizing the interaction with CD44+ cells that are not target cells. The approach adopted here was deacetylation of the N-acetyl group and selective sulfation on the C6-OH on the HA polymer, which form critical interactions with the CD44 active site. Major interactions identified by molecular modeling were confirmed to be hydrogen bonding of the C6-OH with Tyr109 and hydrophobic interaction of the N-acetyl group with Tyr46, 83 and Ile 92. Modified HA was synthesized and characterized and its interactions were assessed by in vitro and molecular modeling approaches. In vitro techniques included flow cytometry and fluorescence polarization, while in silico approaches included docking and binding calculations by a MM-PBSA approach. These studies indicated that while both deacetylation and sulfation of HA individually decrease CD44 interaction, both chemical modifications are required to minimize interaction with CD44+ cells. The results of this study represent the first step to effective retargeting of HA-derived NPs for imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - D. Svechkarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - J. J. Souchek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - T. K. Hill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - M. A. Taylor
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - A. Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - A. M. Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
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464
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Shigeeda W, Shibazaki M, Yasuhira S, Masuda T, Tanita T, Kaneko Y, Sato T, Sekido Y, Maesawa C. Hyaluronic acid enhances cell migration and invasion via the YAP1/TAZ-RHAMM axis in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93729-93740. [PMID: 29212185 PMCID: PMC5706831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most malignant mesotheliomas (MPMs) frequently show activated forms of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which transcriptionally regulates the receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM). As RHAMM is involved in cell migration and invasion in various tumors, we speculated that hyaluronic acid (HA) in pleural fluid might affect the progression of mesothelioma by stimulating cell migration and invasion through RHAMM. The level of RHAMM expression was decreased by YAP1/TAZ knockdown, and conversely increased by forced expression of the active form of YAP1, suggesting that RHAMM was regulated by YAP1/TAZ in MPM cells. Cell migration and invasion were also decreased by YAP1/TAZ or RHAMM knockdown. Notably, HA treatment increased cell motility and invasion, and this was abolished by RHAMM knockdown, suggesting that HA may augment local progression of MPM cells via RHAMM. Furthermore, treatment with fluvastatin, which regulates RHAMM transcription by modulating YAP1/TAZ activity, decreased the motility and invasion of MPM cells. Collectively, these data suggest that HA is an “unfavorable” factor because it promotes malignancy in mesothelioma and that the YAP1/TAZ-RHAMM axis may have potential value as a therapeutic target for inhibition of disease progression in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shigeeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibazaki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shinji Yasuhira
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Tanita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yuka Kaneko
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sato
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihaya Maesawa
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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465
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Chang SH, Yeh YH, Lee JL, Hsu YJ, Kuo CT, Chen WJ. Transforming growth factor-β-mediated CD44/STAT3 signaling contributes to the development of atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:58. [PMID: 28871329 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial fibrosis. Inhibition of atrial fibrosis might be a plausible approach for AF prevention and therapy. This study is designed to evaluate the potential role of CD44, a membrane receptor known to regulate fibrosis, and its related signaling in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis and AF. Treatment of cultured rat atrial fibroblasts with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β, a key mediator of atrial fibrosis) led to a higher expression of hyaluronan (HA), CD44, STAT3, and collagen (a principal marker of fibrosis) than that of ventricular fibroblasts. In vivo, TGF-β transgenic mice and AF patients exhibited a greater expression of HA, CD44, STAT3, and collagen in their atria than wild-type mice and sinus rhythm subjects, respectively. Treating TGF-β transgenic mice with an anti-CD44 blocking antibody resulted in a lower expression of STAT3 and collagen in their atria than those with control IgG antibody. Programmed stimulation triggered less AF episodes in TGF-β transgenic mice treated with anti-CD44 blocking antibody than in those with control IgG. Blocking CD44 signaling with anti-CD44 antibody and mutated CD44 plasmids attenuated TGF-β-induced STAT3 activation and collagen expression in cultured atrial fibroblasts. Deletion and mutational analysis of the collagen promoter along with chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that STAT3 served as a vital transcription factor in collagen expression. TGF-β-mediated HA/CD44/STAT3 pathway plays a crucial role in the development of atrial fibrosis and AF. Blocking CD44-dependent signaling may be a feasible way for AF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hung Chang
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Fu-Shin Road No. 5, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Fu-Shin Road No. 5, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Kuo
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Fu-Shin Road No. 5, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Fu-Shin Road No. 5, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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466
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467
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Marasini N, Haque S, Kaminskas LM. Polymer-drug conjugates as inhalable drug delivery systems: A review. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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468
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Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. Modeling DNA damage-induced pneumopathy in mice: insight from danger signaling cascades. Radiat Oncol 2017; 12:142. [PMID: 28836991 PMCID: PMC5571607 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis represent severe and dose-limiting side effects in the radiotherapy of thorax-associated neoplasms leading to decreased quality of life or - as a consequence of treatment with suboptimal radiation doses - to fatal outcomes by local recurrence or metastatic disease. It is assumed that the initial radiation-induced damage to the resident cells triggers a multifaceted damage-signalling cascade in irradiated normal tissues including a multifactorial secretory program. The resulting pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic microenvironment triggers a cascade of events that can lead within weeks to a pronounced lung inflammation (pneumonitis) or after months to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix molecules and tissue scarring (pulmonary fibrosis).The use of preclinical in vivo models of DNA damage-induced pneumopathy in genetically modified mice has helped to substantially advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms and signalling molecules that participate in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced adverse late effects in the lung. Herein, murine models of whole thorax irradiation or hemithorax irradiation nicely reproduce the pathogenesis of the human disease with respect to the time course and the clinical symptoms. Alternatively, treatment with the radiomimetic DNA damaging chemotherapeutic drug Bleomycin (BLM) has frequently been used as a surrogate model of radiation-induced lung disease. The advantage of the BLM model is that the symptoms of pneumonitis and fibrosis develop within 1 month.Here we summarize and discuss published data about the role of danger signalling in the response of the lung tissue to DNA damage and its cross-talk with the innate and adaptive immune systems obtained in preclinical studies using immune-deficient inbred mouse strains and genetically modified mice. Interestingly we observed differences in the role of molecules involved in damage sensing (TOLL-like receptors), damage signalling (MyD88) and immune regulation (cytokines, CD73, lymphocytes) for the pathogenesis and progression of DNA damage-induced pneumopathy between the models of pneumopathy induced by whole thorax irradiation or treatment with the radiomimetic drug BLM. These findings underline the importance to pursue studies in the radiation model(s) if we are to unravel the mechanisms driving radiation-induced adverse late effects.A better understanding of the cross-talk of danger perception and signalling with immune activation and repair mechanisms may allow a modulation of these processes to prevent or treat radiation-induced adverse effects. Vice-versa an improved knowledge of the normal tissue response to injury is also particularly important in view of the increasing interest in combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade or immunotherapies to avoid exacerbation of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, Essen, Germany.
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469
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Li S, Chen X, Liu X, Yu Y, Pan H, Haak R, Schmidt J, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G. Complex integrated analysis of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 73:1-9. [PMID: 28939059 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal regulatory network of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through gene expression data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs (cut-off: False discovery rate (FDR)<0.05 and |fold change|>1.5) were unveiled by package edgeR of R. Cox regression analysis was performed to screen prognostic factors in OSCC related with overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for differentially expressed mRNAs using BioGRID, HPRD and DIP. Key hub genes were identified from top 100 differentially expressed mRNAs ranked by betweenness centrality using recursive feature elimination. LncRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network were constructed and combined into ceRNAs regulatory network. Gene ontology biological terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 929 differentially expressed mRNAs, 23 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 29 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. 59 mRNAs, 6 miRNAs (hsa-mir-133a-1, hsa-mir-1-2, hsa-mir-486, hsa-mir-135b, hsa-mir-196b, hsa-mir-193b) and 6 lncRNAs (C10orf91, C2orf48, SFTA1P, FLJ41941,PART1,TTTY14) were related with OS; and 52 mRNAs, 4 miRNAs (hsa-mir-133a-1, hsa-mir-135b, hsa-mir-196b, hsa-mir-193b) and 2 lncRNAs (PART1, TTTY14) were associated with RFS. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier containing 37 key hub genes was obtained. A ceRNA regulatory network containing 417 nodes and 696 edges was constructed. ECM-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, arachidonic acid metabolism, and p53 signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the network. CONCLUSION These findings uncover the pathogenesis of OSCC and might provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiujie Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangqiong Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Periodontology, The Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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470
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Amrithraj AI, Kodali A, Nguyen L, Teo AKK, Chang CW, Karnani N, Ng KL, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Stünkel W. Gestational Diabetes Alters Functions in Offspring's Umbilical Cord Cells With Implications for Cardiovascular Health. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2102-2112. [PMID: 28431037 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Because noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus have their roots in prenatal development and conditions such as maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we aimed to test this hypothesis in primary cells derived from the offspring of mothers with GDM compared with control subjects. We have assessed primary umbilical cord-derived cells such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the offspring of mothers with and without GDM. We have compared the primary isolates in cell-based assays measuring proliferation, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and the ability to support blood vessel growth. We conducted gene expression microarray studies with subsequent pathway analysis and candidate gene validation. We observed striking differences between the two groups, such as lower metabolic rates and impairment of endothelial tube formation in cells with GDM background. HUVECs from subjects with maternal GDM have lower expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-xL, suggesting compromised angiogenic capabilities. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed blood vessel formation as a major pathway enriched in the GDM-derived HUVECs with the surface marker CD44 as a gene underexpressed in the GDM group. Functional validation of CD44 revealed that it regulates tube formation in HUVECs, thereby providing insights into a pathway imprinted in primary umbilical cord-derived cells from GDM offspring. Our data demonstrate that primary cells isolated from the umbilical cord of offspring born to mothers with GDM maintain metabolic and molecular imprints of maternal hyperglycemia, reflecting an increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Isaac Amrithraj
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Anjaneyulu Kodali
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
| | - Cheng Wei Chang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
| | - Kai Lyn Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Walter Stünkel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
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471
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Dahal S, Huang P, Murray BT, Mahler GJ. Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2729-2741. [PMID: 28589644 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. EndMT is a response to mechanical and biochemical signals that results in the remodeling of underlying tissues. In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Dahal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Peter Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Bruce T Murray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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472
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Pinner E, Gruper Y, Ben Zimra M, Kristt D, Laudon M, Naor D, Zisapel N. CD44 Splice Variants as Potential Players in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:1137-1149. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Micha Ben Zimra
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Don Kristt
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - David Naor
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nava Zisapel
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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473
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Diekjürgen D, Grainger DW. Polysaccharide matrices used in 3D in vitro cell culture systems. Biomaterials 2017; 141:96-115. [PMID: 28672214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides comprise a diverse class of polymeric materials with a history of proven biocompatibility and continual use as biomaterials. Recent focus on new matrices appropriate for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture offers new opportunities to apply polysaccharides as extracellular matrix mimics. However, chemical and structural bases for specific cell-polysaccharide interactions essential for their utility as 3-D cell matrices are not well defined. This review describes how these naturally sourced biomaterials satisfy several key properties for current 3D cell culture needs and can also be synthetically modified or blended with additional components to tailor their cell engagement properties. Beyond their benign interactions with many cell types in cultures, their economical and high quality sourcing, optical clarity for ex situ analytical interrogation and in situ gelation represent important properties of these polymers for 3D cell culture applications. Continued diversification of their versatile glycan chemistry, new bio-synthetic sourcing strategies and elucidation of new cell-specific properties are attractive to expand the polysaccharide polymer utility for cell culture needs. Many 3D cell culture priorities are addressed with the portfolio of polysaccharide materials available and under development. This review provides a critical analysis of their properties, capabilities and challenges in 3D cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Diekjürgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA.
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474
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Roos A, Ding Z, Loftus JC, Tran NL. Molecular and Microenvironmental Determinants of Glioma Stem-Like Cell Survival and Invasion. Front Oncol 2017; 7:120. [PMID: 28670569 PMCID: PMC5472661 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults with a 5-year survival rate of 5% despite intensive research efforts. The poor prognosis is due, in part, to aggressive invasion into the surrounding brain parenchyma. Invasion is a complex process mediated by cell-intrinsic pathways, extrinsic microenvironmental cues, and biophysical cues from the peritumoral stromal matrix. Recent data have attributed GBM invasion to the glioma stem-like cell (GSC) subpopulation. GSCs are slowly dividing, highly invasive, therapy resistant, and are considered to give rise to tumor recurrence. GSCs are localized in a heterogeneous cellular niche, and cross talk between stromal cells and GSCs cultivates a fertile environment that promotes GSC invasion. Pro-migratory soluble factors from endothelial cells, astrocytes, macrophages, microglia, and non-stem-like tumor cells can stimulate peritumoral invasion of GSCs. Therefore, therapeutic efforts designed to target the invasive GSCs may enhance patient survival. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of extrinsic pathways and major stromal and immune players facilitating GSC maintenance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Roos
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Zonghui Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Joseph C Loftus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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475
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Cancer nanotheranostics: A review of the role of conjugated ligands for overexpressed receptors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:273-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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476
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SN38 conjugated hyaluronic acid gold nanoparticles as a novel system against metastatic colon cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:339-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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477
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Jouy F, Lohmann N, Wandel E, Ruiz-Gómez G, Pisabarro MT, Beck-Sickinger AG, Schnabelrauch M, Möller S, Simon JC, Kalkhof S, von Bergen M, Franz S. Sulfated hyaluronan attenuates inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages involving induction of antioxidants. Proteomics 2017; 17:e1700082. [PMID: 28337837 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that high molecular weight hyaluronan (H-HA) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects while its fragmentation into low molecular weight HA (L-HA) is discussed to promote inflammation. Chemical modification of HA with sulfate groups has been shown to foster its anti-inflammatory activity which seems to be maintained in sulfated low molecular weight HA derivatives (sL-HA). However, the molecular mechanisms by which sL-HA produces its anti-inflammatory activity are not understood. In this study, we used global quantitative proteomics combined with targeted analysis of key proteins to characterize the effect of sL-HA on fully differentiated human inflammatory macrophages (iMФ). Culture of iMФ with sL-HA did not affect cell viability but resulted in a reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine response of iMФ after activation indicating a profound counter-regulation of their initial inflammatory phenotype. Rapid internalization of sL-HA involving CD44 and scavenger receptors was observed. Furthermore, an upregulation of the antioxidants SOD2 and SOD3 was found while no oxidative stress was induced. Consequently, activity of transcription factors for inflammatory gene expression was downregulated in iMФ with sL-HA after activation whereas anti-inflammatory proteins were induced. This study proves anti-inflammatory properties of sL-HA and provides information on its regulatory mode of action on iMФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Jouy
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Lohmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elke Wandel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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478
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Weinhaus B, Guin S. Involvement of glycogen debranching enzyme in bladder cancer. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:595-598. [PMID: 28584628 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system, however the molecular pathways underlying this disease are incompletely understood. To understand new regulators of bladder cancer progression, the authors carried out a functional genomic screen which identified glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL) as a novel regulator of bladder cancer growth. Glycogen debranching enzyme is involved in glycogen breakdown and germline loss of function mutation of this gene leads to glycogen storage disease type III. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that loss of AGL leads to aggressive bladder tumor growth. AGL mRNA and protein expression in bladder tumors serve as a prognostic marker for patients. Interestingly, AGL's participation in regulating tumor growth is independent of its enzymatic function and involvement with glycogen metabolism in general. Detailed metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis indicated that increases in glucose metabolism, glycine synthesis driven by serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 and increases in hyaluronic acid synthase 2-driven HA synthesis are major contributors of aggressive bladder tumor growth with loss of AGL. However, the detailed mechanism of how AGL regulates the above mentioned metabolic and genetic pathways is unknown and is being investigated. The present review focuses on AGL's involvement in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunny Guin
- Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
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479
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Cortes-Dericks L, Schmid RA. CD44 and its ligand hyaluronan as potential biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma: evidence and perspectives. Respir Res 2017; 18:58. [PMID: 28403901 PMCID: PMC5389171 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly drug resistant tumor arising from the mesothelial surfaces of the lung pleura. The standard method to confirm MPM is the tedious, time-consuming cytological examination of cancer biopsy. Biomarkers that are detectable in pleural effusion or patient serum are reasonable options to provide a faster and noninvasive diagnostic approach. As yet, the current biomarkers for MPM lack specificity and sensitivity to discriminate this neoplasm from other lung tumors. CD44, a multifunctional surface receptor has been implicated in tumor progression in different cancers including MPM. The interaction of CD44 with its ligand, hyaluronan (HA) has demonstrated an important role in modulating cell proliferation and invasiveness in MPM. In particular, the high expression levels of these molecules have shown diagnostic relevance in MPM. This review will summarize the biology and diagnostic implication of CD44 and HA as well as the interaction of both molecules in MPM that will demonstrate their potential as biomarkers. Augmentation of the current markers in MPM may lead to an earlier diagnosis and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cortes-Dericks
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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480
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Yang C, Li C, Zhang P, Wu W, Jiang X. Redox Responsive Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels for Treating RHAMM (CD168) Over-expressive Cancer, both Primary and Metastatic Tumors. Theranostics 2017; 7:1719-1734. [PMID: 28529647 PMCID: PMC5436523 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains a substantial challenge to targetedly deliver drug to both primary tumors and metastatic lesions employing a single nanoparticle delivery system. Here aiming at the receptor for hyaluronic acid mediated motility (RHAMM or CD168), a specific receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), the bioreductive responsive HA nanogels loaded doxorubicin were prepared. The targeting effects of HA nanogels in high RHAMM-expressed cancer cells, primary and metastatic tumors were investigated. It was found that HA nanogels show a strong in vitro and in vivo RHAMM-mediated cellular uptake and drug delivery. The cellular uptake of HA nanogels in high RHAMM-expressed LNCaP and H22 cells was far more than the uptake in low RHAMM-expressed NIH3T3 cells. The IC50 value of drug-loaded HA nanogels against H22 cells was lower than that of free drug. In vivo antitumor activity examinations showed that the HA nanogels not only had significantly superior antitumor efficacy in murine H22 and human LNCaP tumor-bearing mice but also exhibited much deep tumor penetration. The drug delivery of lymph node metastasis by systemically administering HA nanogels demonstrated that the HA nanogels could sufficiently increase drug concentration in metastatic lymph node by RHAMM-HA interaction and inhibit the growth of metastatic lymph node, even completely heal malignant lymph node metastasis. Thus, RHAMM-directed drug delivery is a promising therapy route for treating both primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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481
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Feghali-Bostwick C, Artlett CM, Gooz M, Bogatkevich GS, Atanelishvili I, Silver RM, Wood J, Thannickal VJ, Misra S. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced CD44V6-NOX4 signaling in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10490-10519. [PMID: 28389561 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive clinical syndrome of fatal outcome. The lack of information about the signaling pathways that sustain fibrosis and the myofibroblast phenotype has prevented the development of targeted therapies for IPF. Our previous study showed that isolated fibrogenic lung fibroblasts have high endogenous levels of the hyaluronan receptor, CD44V6 (CD44 variant containing exon 6), which enhances the TGFβ1 autocrine signaling and induces fibroblasts to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) enzyme, which catalyzes the reduction of O2 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been implicated in the cardiac and lung myofibroblast phenotype. However, whether CD44V6 regulates NOX4 to mediate tissue repair and fibrogenesis is not well-defined. The present study assessed the mechanism of how TGF-β-1-induced CD44V6 regulates the NOX4/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling that mediates the myofibroblast differentiation. Specifically, we found that NOX4/ROS regulates hyaluronan synthesis and the transcription of CD44V6 via an effect upon AP-1 activity. Further, CD44V6 is part of a positive-feedback loop with TGFβ1/TGFβRI signaling that acts to increase NOX4/ROS production, which is required for myofibroblast differentiation, myofibroblast differentiation, myofibroblast extracellular matrix production, myofibroblast invasion, and myofibroblast contractility. Both NOX4 and CD44v6 are up-regulated in the lungs of mice subjected to experimental lung injury and in cases of human IPF. Genetic (CD44v6 shRNA) or a small molecule inhibitor (CD44v6 peptide) targeting of CD44v6 abrogates fibrogenesis in murine models of lung injury. These studies support a function for CD44V6 in lung fibrosis and offer proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of CD44V6 in lung fibrosis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology,
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | | | - Carol M Artlett
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Monika Gooz
- the College of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | | | - Ilia Atanelishvili
- the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Richard M Silver
- the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jeanette Wood
- Genkyotex, 16 Chemin des Aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates Geneva, Switzerland, and
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006
| | - Suniti Misra
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology,
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482
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Amreddy N, Babu A, Muralidharan R, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Polymeric Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Delivery for Lung Cancer Treatment. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:35. [PMID: 28290155 PMCID: PMC5480422 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have focused on targeted gene therapy for lung cancer, using nanoparticle carriers to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment methods. The main goal of targeted gene therapy is to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies by improving the bioavailability, stability, and target specificity of gene therapeutics and to reduce off-target effects. Polymer-based nanoparticles, an alternative to lipid and inorganic nanoparticles, efficiently carry nucleic acid therapeutics and are stable in vivo. Receptor-targeted delivery is a promising approach that can limit non-specific gene delivery and can be achieved by modifying the polymer nanoparticle surface with specific receptor ligands or antibodies. This review highlights the recent developments in gene delivery using synthetic and natural polymer-based nucleic acid carriers for lung cancer treatment. Various nanoparticle systems based on polymers and polymer combinations are discussed. Further, examples of targeting ligands or moieties used in targeted, polymer-based gene delivery to lung cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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483
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Integrating the glioblastoma microenvironment into engineered experimental models. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO189. [PMID: 28883992 PMCID: PMC5583655 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal cancer originating in the brain. Its high mortality rate has been attributed to therapeutic resistance and rapid, diffuse invasion - both of which are strongly influenced by the unique microenvironment. Thus, there is a need to develop new models that mimic individual microenvironmental features and are able to provide clinically relevant data. Current understanding of the effects of the microenvironment on GBM progression, established experimental models of GBM and recent developments using bioengineered microenvironments as ex vivo experimental platforms that mimic the biochemical and physical properties of GBM tumors are discussed.
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484
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Zhao YF, Qiao SP, Shi SL, Yao LF, Hou XL, Li CF, Lin FH, Guo K, Acharya A, Chen XB, Nie Y, Tian WM. Modulating Three-Dimensional Microenvironment with Hyaluronan of Different Molecular Weights Alters Breast Cancer Cell Invasion Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9327-9338. [PMID: 28240531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a polymer with various molecular weights (MW) found in tumor microenvironments, is associated with malignant progression of breast cancer. Reducing the amount of high-MW HA in the microenvironment by hyaluronidase is a promising approach for breast cancer treatment. However, whether the generation of HA fragments negatively affects breast cancer cells remains to be determined. Furthermore, HA forms three-dimensional (3D) networks by cross-linking with other extracellular molecules to function. Therefore, a model mimicking the cross-linked HA network is required to determine the effect of HA fragments on breast cancer cells. To clarify the differential roles of low (HA35) versus high (HA117) MW HA on cancer cell phenotype, a 3D culture system was set up by covalently cross-linking HA with alginate and investigating the behavior of 4T-1 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells alongside a two-dimensional (2D) control. The results show the invasion and migration abilities of 4T-1 and SKBR3 cells are significantly enhanced by the presence of HA35 but inhibited by HA117 in both 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. The differential effects of HA35 and HA117 on cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype were further confirmed in terms of differential regulation of E-cadherin and vimentin as important EMT markers at both the cellular and mRNA levels. Additional experiments show the CD44-Twist signaling pathway might be involved in the differential effects of HA35 and HA117. These results have important implications with respect to understanding the role of HA in breast cancer development and for the design of therapeutic approaches based on the eradication of HA with hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Pei Qiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Liang Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fen Yao
- Department of Neurology (National Clinical Key Specialty), The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Feng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 360, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 222, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Alaka Acharya
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiong-Biao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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485
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Horvatinovich JM, Grogan EW, Norris M, Steinkasserer A, Lemos H, Mellor AL, Tcherepanova IY, Nicolette CA, DeBenedette MA. Soluble CD83 Inhibits T Cell Activation by Binding to the TLR4/MD-2 Complex on CD14 + Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:2286-2301. [PMID: 28193829 PMCID: PMC5337811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein CD83, expressed on APCs, B cells, and T cells, can be expressed as a soluble form generated by alternative splice variants and/or by shedding. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) was shown to be involved in negatively regulating the immune response. sCD83 inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro, supports allograft survival in vivo, prevents corneal transplant rejection, and attenuates the progression and severity of autoimmune diseases and experimental colitis. Although sCD83 binds to human PBMCs, the specific molecules that bind sCD83 have not been identified. In this article, we identify myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2), the coreceptor within the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex, as the high-affinity sCD83 binding partner. TLR4/MD-2 mediates proinflammatory signal delivery following recognition of bacterial LPSs. However, altering TLR4 signaling can attenuate the proinflammatory cascade, leading to LPS tolerance. Our data show that binding of sCD83 to MD-2 alters this signaling cascade by rapidly degrading IL-1R-associated kinase-1, leading to induction of the anti-inflammatory mediators IDO, IL-10, and PGE2 in a COX-2-dependent manner. sCD83 inhibited T cell proliferation, blocked IL-2 secretion, and rendered T cells unresponsive to further downstream differentiation signals mediated by IL-2. Therefore, we propose the tolerogenic mechanism of action of sCD83 to be dependent on initial interaction with APCs, altering early cytokine signal pathways and leading to T cell unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Norris
- Research Department, Argos Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 27704
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
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486
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Sapudom J, Ullm F, Martin S, Kalbitzer L, Naab J, Möller S, Schnabelrauch M, Anderegg U, Schmidt S, Pompe T. Molecular weight specific impact of soluble and immobilized hyaluronan on CD44 expressing melanoma cells in 3D collagen matrices. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:259-270. [PMID: 27965172 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) and its principal receptor CD44 are known to be involved in regulating tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. The direct correlation of CD44-HA interaction on proliferation and invasion of tumor cells in dependence on the molecular weight and the presentation form of HA is not fully understood because of lack of appropriate matrix models. To address this issue, we reconstituted 3D collagen (Coll I) matrices and functionalized them with HA of molecular weight of 30-50kDa (low molecular weight; LMW-HA) and 500-750kDa (high molecular weight; HMW-HA). A post-modification strategy was applied to covalently immobilize HA to reconstituted fibrillar Coll I matrices, resulting in a non-altered Coll I network microstructure and stable immobilization over days. Functionalized Coll I matrices were characterized regarding topological and mechanical characteristics as well as HA amount using confocal laser scanning microscopy, colloidal probe force spectroscopy and quantitative Alcian blue assay, respectively. To elucidate HA dependent tumor cell behavior, BRO melanoma cell lines with and without CD44 receptor expression were used for in vitro cell experiments. We demonstrated that only soluble LMW-HA promoted cell proliferation in a CD44 dependent manner, while HMW-HA and immobilized LMW-HA did not. Furthermore, an enhanced cell invasion was found only for immobilized LMW-HA. Both findings correlated with a very strong and specific adhesive interaction of LMW-HA and CD44+ cells quantified in single cell adhesion measurements using soft colloidal force spectroscopy. Overall, our results introduce an in vitro biomaterials model allowing to test presentation mode and molecular weight specificity of HA in a 3D fibrillar matrix thus mimicking important in vivo features of tumor microenvironments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Molecular weight and presentation form (bound vs. soluble) of hyaluronan (HA) are intensively discussed as key regulators in tumor progression and inflammation. We introduce 3D fibrillar collagen matrices with defined microstructure and stiffness allowing the presentation of specific molecular weight forms of HA in soluble and bound manner. Mimicking in that way important in vivo features of tumor microenvironments, we found that only low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) in soluble form promoted proliferation of a melanoma cell line (BRO), while it enhanced cell invasion in bound form. The molecular weight specificity of LMW-HA was verified to be CD44 receptor dependent and was correlated to adhesive ligand-receptor interactions in quantitative colloidal force spectroscopy at single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Franziska Ullm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Steve Martin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Liv Kalbitzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johanna Naab
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möller
- INNOVENT e. V., Biomaterials Department, Prüssingstraße 27B, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institute for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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487
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Magnetic Nanovectors for the Development of DNA Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccines. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7020030. [PMID: 28336871 PMCID: PMC5333015 DOI: 10.3390/nano7020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines offer cost, flexibility, and stability advantages, but administered alone have limited immunogenicity. Previously, we identified optimal configurations of magnetic vectors comprising superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), polyethylenimine (PEI), and hyaluronic acid (HA) to deliver malaria DNA encoding Plasmodium yoelii (Py) merozoite surface protein MSP119 (SPIONs/PEI/DNA + HA gene complex) to dendritic cells and transfect them with high efficiency in vitro. Herein, we evaluate their immunogenicity in vivo by administering these potential vaccine complexes into BALB/c mice. The complexes induced antibodies against PyMSP119, with higher responses induced intraperitoneally than intramuscularly, and antibody levels further enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. The predominant IgG subclasses induced were IgG2a followed by IgG1 and IgG2b. The complexes further elicited high levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and moderate levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17 antigen-specific splenocytes, indicating induction of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cell mediated immunity. The ability of such DNA/nanoparticle complexes to induce cytophilic antibodies together with broad spectrum cellular immunity may benefit malaria vaccines.
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488
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Jokela T, Kärnä R, Rauhala L, Bart G, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Oikari S, Tammi MI, Tammi RH. Human Keratinocytes Respond to Extracellular UTP by Induction of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Expression and Increased Hyaluronan Synthesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4861-4872. [PMID: 28188289 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of nucleotides into extracellular space is triggered by insults like wounding and ultraviolet radiation, resulting in stimulatory or inhibitory signals via plasma membrane nucleotide receptors. As similar insults are known to activate hyaluronan synthesis we explored the possibility that extracellular UTP or its breakdown products UDP and UMP act as mediators for hyaluronan synthase (HAS) activation in human epidermal keratinocytes. UTP increased hyaluronan both in the pericellular matrix and in the culture medium of HaCaT cells. 10-100 μm UTP strongly up-regulated HAS2 expression, although the other hyaluronan synthases (HAS1, HAS3) and hyaluronidases (HYAL1, HYAL2) were not affected. The HAS2 response was rapid and transient, with the maximum stimulation at 1.5 h. UDP exerted a similar effect, but higher concentrations were required for the response, and UMP showed no stimulation at all. Specific siRNAs against the UTP receptor P2Y2, and inhibitors of UDP receptors P2Y6 and P2Y14, indicated that the response to UTP was mediated mainly through P2Y2 and to a lesser extent via UDP receptors. UTP increased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, CREB, and Ser-727 of STAT3 and induced nuclear translocation of pCaMKII. Inhibitors of PKC, p38, ERK, CaMKII, STAT3, and CREB partially blocked the activation of HAS2 expression, confirming the involvement of these pathways in the UTP-induced HAS2 response. The present data reveal a selective up-regulation of HAS2 expression by extracellular UTP, which is likely to contribute to the previously reported rapid activation of hyaluronan metabolism in response to tissue trauma or ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Jokela
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Kärnä
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Rauhala
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Genevieve Bart
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Oikari
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku I Tammi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija H Tammi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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489
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Maccari F, Sorrentino NC, Mantovani V, Galeotti F, Fraldi A, Volpi N. Glycosaminoglycan levels and structure in a mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice and the effect of a highly secreted sulfamidase engineered to cross the blood-brain barrier. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:203-210. [PMID: 27585464 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA, Sanfilippo A) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of sulphamidase enzyme (SGSH) leading to accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS). We quantitatively and structurally characterize primary stored HS and other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possibly accumulated through a secondary storage in brain, liver, kidney and lung of MPS IIIA mouse model. This analysis was also performed in MPS IIIA mice upon the intravenous treatment with an engineered human sulphamidase (chimeric hSGSH) capable to increase its secretion from the liver and to cross the blood-brain barrier. MPS IIIA animals showed a huge accumulation of HS, from ~15 up to ~24-times higher than wild type and also of hyaluronic acid (HA) (from 2.5 up to ~5.0-times more) and chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) (from ~2 up to ~5-times more) in all studied organs. We also observed a significant increase in the overall HS charge density and in particular of 2-O-sulfation in MPS IIIA mice organs. 8 months after a systemic treatment with an engineered SGSH, the enzyme was highly efficient in the reduction of all accumulated GAGs in liver, brain and lung up to values of wild type mice. On the contrary, even if reduced, GAGs levels still remained significantly elevated in kidney. Overall data obtained by this detailed analysis of GAGs in the different organs of affected and treated animals with chimeric hSGSH may have implications for the evaluation of an effective therapeutic option of MPS IIIA and for the reduction of related neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences|, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - N C Sorrentino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - V Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences|, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - F Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences|, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - A Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
| | - N Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences|, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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490
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Rios de la Rosa JM, Tirella A, Gennari A, Stratford IJ, Tirelli N. The CD44-Mediated Uptake of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Carriers in Macrophages. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27990775 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a potentially rewarding target in cancer therapy, although its mechanisms of ligand binding and internalization are still poorly understood. In this study, we have established quantitative relationships between CD44 expression in differently polarized macrophages (M0, M1, and M2-polarized THP-1 human macrophages) and the uptake of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based materials, which are potentially usable for CD44 targeting. We have validated a robust method for macrophage polarization, which sequentially uses differentiating and polarizing factors, and allows to show that CD44 expression depends on polarization (M1 > M0 ≥ M2). It is noteworthy that THP-1 M2 expressed CD44v6, suggesting their suitability as a model of tumor-associated macrophages. In the uptake of HA, both as a soluble polymer and in the form of (siRNA-loaded) nanoparticles, CD44 expression correlated positively with binding, but negatively with internalization. Counterintuitively, it appears that a higher presence of CD44 (in M1) allows a more efficient capture of HA materials, but a lower expression (in M2) is conducive to better internalization. Although possibly cell-specific, this unexpected relationship indicates that the common paradigm "higher CD44 expression = better targetability" is too simplistic; mechanistic details of both receptor presentation and association still need to be elucidated for a predictable targeting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M Rios de la Rosa
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Arianna Gennari
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ian J Stratford
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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491
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4-Methylumbelliferone Suppresses Hyaluronan Synthesis and Tumor Progression in SCID Mice Intra-abdominally Inoculated With Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pancreas 2017; 46:190-197. [PMID: 27846148 PMCID: PMC5266424 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma contains large amounts of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), which is involved in various physiological processes. Here, we aimed to clarify the anticancer mechanisms of 4-methylumbelliferone (MU), a well-known HA synthesis inhibitor. METHODS MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells were used. We evaluated cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in the presence of MU, exogenous HA, and an anti-CD44 antibody. We also analyzed apoptosis, CD44 expression, and HA-binding ability using flow cytometry. The HA content in tumor tissue was quantified and histopathologically investigated in mice who had been inoculated with cancer cells. RESULTS In vitro, MU inhibited pericellular HA matrix formation; however, HAS3 mRNA was up-regulated. Treatment with 0.5 mM MU suppressed cellular proliferation by 26.4%, migration by 14.7%, and invasion by 22.7%. Moreover, MU also significantly increased apoptosis. CD44 expression and HA-binding ability were not altered by MU. In vivo, MU suppressed HA accumulation in pancreatic tumors and improved survival times in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS 4-Methylumbelliferone indirectly caused apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting HA production. 4-Methylumbelliferone may be a promising agent in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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492
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Fouladi-Nashta AA, Raheem KA, Marei WF, Ghafari F, Hartshorne GM. Regulation and roles of the hyaluronan system in mammalian reproduction. Reproduction 2017; 153:R43-R58. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan polymer naturally occurring in many tissues and fluids of mammals, including the reproductive system. Its biosynthesis by HA synthase (HAS1–3) and catabolism by hyaluronidases (HYALs) are affected by ovarian steroid hormones. Depending upon its molecular size, HA functions both as a structural component of tissues in the form of high-molecular-weight HA or as a signalling molecule in the form of small HA molecules or HA fragments with effects mediated through interaction with its specific cell-membrane receptors. HA is produced by oocytes and embryos and in various segments of the reproductive system. This review provides information about the expression and function of members of the HA system, including HAS, HYALs and HA receptors. We examine their role in various processes from folliculogenesis through oocyte maturation, fertilisation and early embryo development, to pregnancy and cervical dilation, as well as its application in assisted reproduction technologies. Particular emphasis has been placed upon the role of the HA system in pre-implantation embryo development and embryo implantation, for which we propose a hypothetical sequential model.
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493
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Johnston HE, Carter MJ, Cox KL, Dunscombe M, Manousopoulou A, Townsend PA, Garbis SD, Cragg MS. Integrated Cellular and Plasma Proteomics of Contrasting B-cell Cancers Reveals Common, Unique and Systemic Signatures. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:386-406. [PMID: 28062796 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 800,000 leukemia and lymphoma cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are examples of contrasting B-cell cancers; BL is a highly aggressive lymphoid tumor, frequently affecting children, whereas CLL typically presents as an indolent, slow-progressing leukemia affecting the elderly. The B-cell-specific overexpression of the myc and TCL1 oncogenes in mice induce spontaneous malignancies modeling BL and CLL, respectively. Quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics and isobaric labeling were employed to examine the biology underpinning contrasting Eμ-myc and Eμ-TCL1 B-cell tumors. Additionally, the plasma proteome was evaluated using subproteome enrichment to interrogate biomarker emergence and the systemic effects of tumor burden. Over 10,000 proteins were identified (q<0.01) of which 8270 cellular and 2095 plasma proteins were quantitatively profiled. A common B-cell tumor signature of 695 overexpressed proteins highlighted ribosome biogenesis, cell-cycle promotion and chromosome segregation. Eμ-myc tumors overexpressed several methylating enzymes and underexpressed many cytoskeletal components. Eμ-TCL1 tumors specifically overexpressed ER stress response proteins and signaling components in addition to both subunits of the interleukin-5 (IL5) receptor. IL5 treatment promoted Eμ-TCL1 tumor proliferation, suggesting an amplification of IL5-induced AKT signaling by TCL1. Tumor plasma contained a substantial tumor lysis signature, most prominent in Eμ-myc plasma, whereas Eμ-TCL1 plasma contained signatures of immune-response, inflammation and microenvironment interactions, with putative biomarkers in early-stage cancer. These findings provide a detailed characterization of contrasting B-cell tumor models, identifying common and specific tumor mechanisms. Integrated plasma proteomics allowed the dissection of a systemic response and a tumor lysis signature present in early- and late-stage cancers, respectively. Overall, this study suggests common B-cell cancer signatures exist and illustrates the potential of the further evaluation of B-cell cancer subtypes by integrative proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey E Johnston
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,§Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Matthew J Carter
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kerry L Cox
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Melanie Dunscombe
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- §Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- ‖Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- §Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
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494
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Reprogramming antitumor immunity against chemoresistant ovarian cancer by a CXCR4 antagonist-armed viral oncotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16034. [PMID: 28035333 PMCID: PMC5155641 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy owing to late detection, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance, and remarkable heterogeneity. Here, we explored approaches to inhibit metastatic growth of murine and human ovarian tumor variants resistant to paclitaxel and carboplatin by oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing a CXCR4 antagonist to target the CXCL12 chemokine/CXCR4 receptor signaling axis alone or in combination with doxorubicin. The resistant variants exhibited augmented expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and CXCR4 along with elevated Akt and ERK1/2 activation and displayed an increased susceptibility to viral infection compared with the parental counterparts. The infected cultures were more sensitive to doxorubicin-mediated killing both in vitro and in tumor-challenged mice. Mechanistically, the combination treatment increased apoptosis and phagocytosis of tumor material by dendritic cells associated with induction of antitumor immunity. Targeting syngeneic tumors with this regimen increased intratumoral infiltration of antitumor CD8+ T cells. This was further enhanced by reducing the immunosuppressive network by the virally-delivered CXCR4 antagonist, which augmented antitumor immune responses and led to tumor-free survival. Our results define novel strategies for treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer that increase immunogenic cell death and reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, culminating in antitumor immune responses that control metastatic tumor growth.
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495
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Munn LL. Cancer and inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 9. [PMID: 27943646 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and cancer has been recognized since the 17th century,1 and we now know much about the cells, cytokines and physiological processes that are central to both inflammation and cancer.2-9 Chronic inflammation can induce certain cancers,10-17 and solid tumors, in turn, can initiate and perpetuate local inflammatory processes that foster tumor growth and dissemination.5 ,18-20 Consequently, inflammatory pathways have been targeted in attempts to control cancer.21-23 Inflammation is a central aspect of the innate immune system's response to tissue damage or infection, and also facilitates the recruitment of circulating cells and antibodies of the adaptive immune response to the tissue. Components of the innate immune response carry out a robust, but sometimes overly-conservative response, sacrificing specificity for the sake of preservation. Thus, when innate immunity goes awry, it can have profound implications. How the innate and adaptive immune systems cooperate to neutralize pathogens and repair damaged tissues is still an area of intense investigation. Further, how these systems can respond to cancer, which arises from normal 'self' cells that undergo an oncogenic transformation, has profound implications for cancer therapy. Recently, immunotherapies that activate adaptive immunity have shown unprecedented promise in the clinic, producing durable responses and dramatic increases in survival rate in patients with advanced stage melanoma.24-26 Consequently, the relationship between cancer and inflammation has now returned to the forefront of clinical oncology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1370. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1370 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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496
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Hsu LJ, Chiang MF, Sze CI, Su WP, Yap YV, Lee IT, Kuo HL, Chang NS. HYAL-2-WWOX-SMAD4 Signaling in Cell Death and Anticancer Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:141. [PMID: 27999774 PMCID: PMC5138198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidase HYAL-2 is a membrane-anchored protein and also localizes, in part, in the lysosome. Recent study from animal models revealed that both HYAL-1 and HYAL-2 are essential for the metabolism of hyaluronan (HA). Hyal-2 deficiency is associated with chronic thrombotic microangiopathy with hemolytic anemia in mice due to over accumulation of high molecular size HA. HYAL-2 is essential for platelet generation. Membrane HYAL-2 degrades HA bound by co-receptor CD44. Also, in a non-canonical signal pathway, HYAL-2 serves as a receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to signal with downstream tumor suppressors WWOX and SMAD4 to control gene transcription. When SMAD4 responsive element is overly driven by the HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling complex, cell death occurs. When rats are subjected to traumatic brain injury, over accumulation of a HYAL-2–WWOX complex occurs in the nucleus to cause neuronal death. HA induces the signaling of HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 and relocation of the signaling complex to the nucleus. If the signaling complex is overexpressed, bubbling cell death occurs in WWOX-expressing cells. In addition, a small synthetic peptide Zfra (zinc finger-like protein that regulates apoptosis) binds membrane HYAL-2 of non-T/non-B spleen HYAL-2+ CD3− CD19− Z lymphocytes and activates the cells to generate memory anticancer response against many types of cancer cells in vivo. Whether the HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling complex is involved is discussed. In this review and opinion article, we have updated the current knowledge of HA, HYAL-2 and WWOX, HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling, bubbling cell death, and Z cell activation for memory anticancer response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Pei Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ye Vone Yap
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten Island, NY, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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497
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Liu W, Ma J, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Luo W, Zhang H. HMMR antisense RNA 1, a novel long noncoding RNA, regulates the progression of basal-like breast cancer cells. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 8:223-229. [PMID: 27920576 PMCID: PMC5125767 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s119997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is an essential cancer-related gene in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). In our study, HMMR antisense RNA 1 (HMMR-AS1) was analyzed in BLBC patients through polymerase chain reaction analysis. Here, we found that the expression of HMMR was positively correlated with HMMR-AS1 (RP11-80G.1). When HMMR-AS1 (RP11-80G.1) was knocked down, the expression of HMMR markedly reduced. Furthermore, in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, the proliferation and migration abilities were remarkably suppressed via knocking down HMMR-AS1 (RP11-80G.1) in vitro. The results showed that lncRNA HMMR-AS1 (RP11-80G.1) influenced the progression of BLBCs through regulating HMMR, suggesting that HMMR-AS1 (RP11-80G.1) could be regarded as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of BLBCs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengguang Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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498
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Muqaku B, Eisinger M, Meier SM, Tahir A, Pukrop T, Haferkamp S, Slany A, Reichle A, Gerner C. Multi-omics Analysis of Serum Samples Demonstrates Reprogramming of Organ Functions Via Systemic Calcium Mobilization and Platelet Activation in Metastatic Melanoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:86-99. [PMID: 27879288 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiologies of cancer-associated syndromes such as cachexia are poorly understood and no routine biomarkers have been established, yet. Using shotgun proteomics, known marker molecules including PMEL, CRP, SAA, and CSPG4 were found deregulated in patients with metastatic melanoma. Targeted analysis of 58 selected proteins with multiple reaction monitoring was applied for independent data verification. In three patients, two of which suffered from cachexia, a tissue damage signature was determined, consisting of nine proteins, PLTP, CD14, TIMP1, S10A8, S10A9, GP1BA, PTPRJ, CD44, and C4A, as well as increased levels of glycine and asparagine, and decreased levels of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine concentrations, as determined by targeted metabolomics. Remarkably, these molecules are known to be involved in key processes of cancer cachexia. Based on these results, we propose a model how metastatic melanoma may lead to reprogramming of organ functions via formation of platelet activating factors from long-chain polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines under oxidative conditions and via systemic induction of intracellular calcium mobilization. Calcium mobilization in platelets was demonstrated to alter levels of several of these marker molecules. Additionally, platelets from melanoma patients proved to be in a rather exhausted state, and platelet-derived eicosanoids implicated in tumor growth were found massively increased in blood from three melanoma patients. Platelets were thus identified as important source of serum protein and lipid alterations in late stage melanoma patients. As a result, the proposed model describes the crosstalk between lipolysis of fat tissue and muscle wasting mediated by oxidative stress, resulting in the metabolic deregulations characteristic for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besnik Muqaku
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Eisinger
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- §Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- §Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Slany
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- ¶Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
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499
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Pan S, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Glycoproteins and glycoproteomics in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9288-9299. [PMID: 27895417 PMCID: PMC5107693 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in protein glycosylation and polysaccharides play a pivotal role in pancreatic tumorigenesis, influencing cancer progression, metastasis, immuno-response and chemoresistance. Abnormal expression in sugar moieties can impact the function of various glycoproteins, including mucins, surface receptors, adhesive proteins, proteoglycans, as well as their effectors and binding ligands, resulting in an increase in pancreatic cancer invasiveness and a cancer-favored microenvironment. Recent advance in glycoproteomics, glycomics and other chemical biology techniques have been employed to better understand the complex mechanism of glycosylation events and how they orchestrate molecular activities in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics implicated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A variety of strategies have been demonstrated targeting protein glycosylation and polysaccharides for diagnostic and therapeutic development.
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500
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Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) accumulates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but functional significance of HA in the aggressive phenotype remains unknown. We used different models to investigate the effect of HA on PDAC cell motility by wound healing and transwell migration assay. Changes in cell motility were examined in 8 PDAC cell lines in response to inhibition of HA production by treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and to promotion by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or by co-culture with tumor-derived stromal fibroblasts. We also investigated changes in cell motility by adding exogenous HA. Additionally, mRNA expressions of hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases were examined using real time RT-PCR. Inhibition of HA by 4-MU significantly decreased the migration, whereas promotion of HA by TPA or co-culture with tumor-derived fibroblasts significantly increased the migration of PDAC cells. The changes in HA production by these treatments tended to be associated with changes in HAS3 mRNA expression. Furthermore, addition of exogenous HA, especially low-molecular-weight HA, significantly increased the migration of PDAC cells. These findings suggest that HA stimulates PDAC cell migration and thus represents an ideal therapeutic target to prevent invasion and metastasis.
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