451
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Buchberger A, Saini H, Eliato KR, Zare A, Merkley R, Xu Y, Bernal J, Ros R, Nikkhah M, Stephanopoulos N. Reversible Control of Gelatin Hydrogel Stiffness by Using DNA Crosslinkers*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1755-1760. [PMID: 33484601 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials with dynamically tunable properties are critical for a range of applications in regenerative medicine and basic biology. In this work, we show the reversible control of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel stiffness through the use of DNA crosslinkers. We replaced some of the inter-GelMA crosslinks with double-stranded DNA, allowing for their removal through toehold-mediated strand displacement. The crosslinks could be restored by adding fresh dsDNA with complementary handles to those on the hydrogel. The elastic modulus (G') of the hydrogels could be tuned between 500 and 1000 Pa, reversibly, over two cycles without degradation of performance. By functionalizing the gels with a second DNA strand, it was possible to control the crosslink density and a model ligand in an orthogonal fashion with two different displacement strands. Our results demonstrate the potential for DNA to reversibly control both stiffness and ligand presentation in a protein-based hydrogel, and will be useful for teasing apart the spatiotemporal behavior of encapsulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Buchberger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Harpinder Saini
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler mall, ECG 334A, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA.,Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Kiarash Rahmani Eliato
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, 550 E Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Azadeh Zare
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, 550 E Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Ryan Merkley
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Julio Bernal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, 550 E Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler mall, ECG 334A, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA.,Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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452
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Efthymiou G, Radwanska A, Grapa AI, Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne S, Grall D, Schaub S, Hattab M, Pisano S, Poet M, Pisani DF, Counillon L, Descombes X, Blanc-Féraud L, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. Fibronectin Extra Domains tune cellular responses and confer topographically distinct features to fibril networks. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.252957. [PMID: 33526715 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular fibronectin (FN; also known as FN1) variants harboring one or two alternatively spliced so-called extra domains (EDB and EDA) play a central bioregulatory role during development, repair processes and fibrosis. Yet, how the extra domains impact fibrillar assembly and function of the molecule remains unclear. Leveraging a unique biological toolset and image analysis pipeline for direct comparison of the variants, we demonstrate that the presence of one or both extra domains impacts FN assembly, function and physical properties of the matrix. When presented to FN-null fibroblasts, extra domain-containing variants differentially regulate pH homeostasis, survival and TGF-β signaling by tuning the magnitude of cellular responses, rather than triggering independent molecular switches. Numerical analyses of fiber topologies highlight significant differences in variant-specific structural features and provide a first step for the development of a generative model of FN networks to unravel assembly mechanisms and investigate the physical and functional versatility of extracellular matrix landscapes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Radwanska
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - Anca-Ioana Grapa
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice 06108, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, i3S, Nice 06902, France
| | | | - Dominique Grall
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | | | - Maurice Hattab
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice 06107, France
| | - Mallorie Poet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice 06107, France
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453
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Deligne C, Midwood KS. Macrophages and Extracellular Matrix in Breast Cancer: Partners in Crime or Protective Allies? Front Oncol 2021; 11:620773. [PMID: 33718177 PMCID: PMC7943718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancers such as breast tumors comprise a collection of tumor, stromal and immune cells, embedded within a network of tumor-specific extracellular matrix. This matrix is associated with tumor aggression, treatment failure, chemo- and radio-resistance, poor survival and metastasis. Recent data report an immunomodulatory role for the matrix in cancer, via the creation of niches that control the migration, localization, phenotype and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, ultimately contributing to escape of immune surveillance. Macrophages are crucial components of the immune infiltrate in tumors; they are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer and contribute to shaping the anti-tumor immune response. We and others have described how matrix molecules commonly upregulated within the tumor stroma, such as tenascin-C, fibronectin and collagen, exert a complex influence over macrophage behavior, for example restricting or enhancing their infiltration into the tumor, and driving their polarization towards or away from a pro-tumoral phenotype, and how in turn macrophages can modify matrix production in the tumor to favor tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting specific domains of matrix molecules to reinstate an efficient anti-tumor immune response, and effectively control tumor growth and spread, is emerging as a promising field offering a new angle for cancer therapy. Here, we review current knowledge on the interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and matrix molecules that occur within the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer, and discuss how these pathways can be targeted for new immunotherapies for hard to treat, desmoplastic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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454
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Wang M, Nai MH, Huang RYJ, Leo HL, Lim CT, Chen CH. High-throughput functional profiling of single adherent cells via hydrogel drop-screen. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:764-774. [PMID: 33506832 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-adherent-cell phenotyping on an extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to determine cellular biological functions, such as morphological adaptations and biomolecule secretions, correlated to medical treatments and metastasis, yet there is no available platform for such high-throughput screening. Here, a novel hydrogel drop-screen device was developed to rapidly measure large-scale single-cell morphologies and multiple secretions on substrates for phenotype profiling. Single cells were first anchored to microfluidically fabricated gelatin particles providing mechanical stimulations similar to those from ECM in vivo. The cellular morphologies were then examined by quantifying the amount of cytoskeleton expressed on the particles. With droplet encapsulation, adherent single-cell multiplexed secretion analysis of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was conducted at a throughput of ∼102 cells per second, revealing distinct functional heterogeneities associated with extracellular mechanical stimulations. The level of cell heterogeneity increased with increasing substrate stuffiness. Moreover, because of the promising screening capability, a database related to both nontumorigenic and tumorigenic breast cells (MCF10A, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231) was constructed. The respective cell distributions and heterogeneities based on the morphologies and secreted bioindicators, such as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and ADAM-8, were measured and found to correspond to the progress of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583 Singapore and Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), MD6, 14 Medical Drive 14-01, 117599 Singapore
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583 Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583 Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583 Singapore and Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), MD6, 14 Medical Drive 14-01, 117599 Singapore and Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Y6700, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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455
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Ding YL, Sun SF, Zhao GL. COL5A2 as a potential clinical biomarker for gastric cancer and renal metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24561. [PMID: 33607786 PMCID: PMC7899835 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer, characterized by insidious onset and multiple metastasis, is almost incurable and has poor prognosis, and also one of the leading causes of treatment failure and death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the prognosis of collagen type V alpha2 chain (COL5A2) in GC and renal metastasis is unknown. METHODS Recruited 148 patients who underwent GC. The diagnosis of GC was confirmed by ultrasound imaging and pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were performed to exam the expression level of COL5A2. The statistical methods included Pearson chi-square test, Spearman-rho correlation test, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Finally, this research constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and applied the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Based on Pearson's chi-square test, Spearman-rho test, and univariate/multivariate cox regression, pathologic grade (P < .001), renal metastasis (P < .001) and staging (P < .001) were significantly related to COL5A2. And COL5A2 expression (hazard ratio [HR]: 18.834, P < .001) is an independent risk factor of GC. The AUC was used as the degree of confidence in judging each factor: COL5A2 (AUC = 0.878, P < .001), COL1A1 (AUC = 0.636, P = .006), COL1A2 (AUC = 0.545, P = .368), and COL3A1 (AUC = 0.617, P = .019). Through the ROC result, COL5A2 had more advantage as a biomarker for GC than other collagens. CONCLUSIONS COL5A2 gene expression level might be a risk factor for GC. COL5A2 has a strong correlation with the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Fang Sun
- Anaesthesiology Department, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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456
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Mahmoudian RA, Gharaie ML, Abbaszadegan MR, Alasti A, Forghanifard MM, Mansouri A, Gholamin M. Crosstalk between MMP-13, CD44, and TWIST1 and its role in regulation of EMT in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2465-2478. [PMID: 33604811 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for the development of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. MMP-13 is an extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading enzyme that plays crucial roles in angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, niche maintenance, and transforming squamous epithelial cells in various tissues. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on esophageal tumor cells, is required for EMT induction and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The transcription factor TWIST1, as EMT and stemness marker, regulates MMPs expression and is identified as the downstream target of CD44. In this study, we aimed to investigate the probable interplay between the expression of key genes contributing to ESCC development, including MMP-13, TWIST1, and CD44 with clinical features for introducing novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the disease. The gene expression profiling of MMP-13, TWIST1, and CD44 was performed using quantitative real-time PCR in tumor tissues from 50 ESCC patients compared to corresponding margin non-tumoral tissues. Significant overexpression of MMP-13, CD44S, CD44V3, CD44V6, and TWIST1 were observed in 74%, 36%, 44%, 44%, and 52% of ESCC tumor samples, respectively. Overexpression of MMP-13 was associated with stage of tumor progression, metastasis, and tumor location (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between TWIST1 overexpression and grade (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of CD44 variants was associated with stage of tumor progression, grade, tumor invasion, and location (P < 0.05). The results indicated the significant correlation between concomitant expression of MMP-13/TWIST1, TWIST1/CD44, and CD44/MMP-13 with each other in a variety of clinicopathological traits, including depth of tumor invasion, tumor location, stage of tumor, and lymph node involvement in ESCC tissue samples (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicate that the TWIST1-CD44-MMP-13 axis is involved in tumor aggressiveness, proposing these genes as regulators of EMT, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Lotfi Gharaie
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Alasti
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Atena Mansouri
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Innovated Medical Research Center and Department of Immunology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 345-91357, Mashhad, Iran.
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457
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Maury P, Porcel E, Mau A, Lux F, Tillement O, Mahou P, Schanne-Klein MC, Lacombe S. Rapid Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Strategies Using a 3D Collagen-Based Tissue-Like Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:574035. [PMID: 33681152 PMCID: PMC7929985 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.574035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
2D cell cultures are commonly used to rapidly evaluate the therapeutic potential of various treatments on living cells. However, the effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including the 3D arrangement of cells and the complex physiology of native environment are missing, which makes these models far from in vivo conditions. 3D cell models have emerged in preclinical studies to simulate the impact of the ECM and partially bridge the gap between monolayer cultures and in vivo tissues. To date, the difficulty to handle the existing 3D models, the cost of their production and their poor reproducibility have hindered their use. Here, we present a reproducible and commercially available "3D cell collagen-based model" (3D-CCM) that allows to study the influence of the matrix on nanoagent uptake and radiation effects. The cell density in these samples is homogeneous. The oxygen concentration in the 3D-CCM is tunable, which opens the opportunity to investigate hypoxic effects. In addition, thanks to the intrinsic properties of the collagen, the second harmonic imaging microscopy may be used to probe the whole volume and visualize living cells in real-time. Thus, the architecture and composition of 3D-CCMs as well as the impact of various therapeutic strategies on cells embedded in the ECM is observed directly. Moreover, the disaggregation of the collagen matrix allows recovering of cells without damaging them. It is a major advantage that makes possible single cell analysis and quantification of treatment effects using clonogenic assay. In this work, 3D-CCMs were used to evaluate the correlative efficacies of nanodrug exposure and medical radiation on cells contained in a tumor like sample. A comparison with monolayer cell cultures was performed showing the advantageous outcome and the higher potential of 3D-CCMs. This cheap and easy to handle approach is more ethical than in vivo experiments, thus, giving a fast evaluation of cellular responses to various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Adrien Mau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
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458
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Golchin A, Farzaneh S, Porjabbar B, Sadegian F, Estaji M, Ranjbarvan P, Kanafimahbob M, Ranjbari J, Salehi-Nik N, Hosseinzadeh S. Regenerative Medicine Under the Control of 3D Scaffolds: Current State and Progress of Tissue Scaffolds. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:209-229. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200720115519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, combining stem cells (SCs) with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy
for the future of biomedicine and regenerative medicine (RG). The cells need similar substrates of
the extracellular matrix (ECM) for normal tissue development, which signifies the importance of
three dimensional (3D) scaffolds to determine cell fate. Herein, the importance and positive contributions
of corresponding 3D scaffolds on cell functions, including cell interactions, cell migrations,
and nutrient delivery, are presented. Furthermore, the synthesis techniques which are recruited to
fabricate the 3D scaffolds are discussed, and the related studies of 3D scaffold for different tissues
are also reported in this paper. This review focuses on 3D scaffolds that have been used for tissue
engineering purposes and directing stem cell fate as a means of producing replacements for biomedical
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golchin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Science, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Farzaneh
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Porjabbar
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadegian
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Estaji
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Ranjbarvan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Science, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kanafimahbob
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Salehi-Nik
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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459
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Dao NV, Ercole F, Urquhart MC, Kaminskas LM, Nowell CJ, Davis TP, Sloan EK, Whittaker MR, Quinn JF. Trisulfide linked cholesteryl PEG conjugate attenuates intracellular ROS and collagen-1 production in a breast cancer co-culture model. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:835-846. [PMID: 33231231 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The progression of cancer has been closely-linked with augmentation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and ROS-associated changes in the tumour microenvironment (TME), including alterations to the extracellular matrix and associated low drug uptake. Herein we report the application of a co-culture model to simulate the ROS based cell-cell interactions in the TME using fibroblasts and breast cancer cells, and describe how novel reactive polymers can be used to modulate those interactions. Under the co-culture conditions, both cell types exhibited modifications in behaviour, including significant overproduction of ROS in the cancer cells, and elevation of the collagen-1 secretion and stained actin filament intensity in the fibroblasts. To examine the potential of using reactive antioxidant polymers to intercept ROS communication and thereby manipulate the TME, we employed H2S-releasing macromolecular conjugates which have been previously demonstrated to mitigate ROS production in HEK cells. The specific conjugate used, mPEG-SSS-cholesteryl (T), significantly reduced ROS levels in co-cultured cancer cells by approximately 50%. This reduction was significantly greater than that observed with the other positive antioxidant controls. Exposure to T was also found to downregulate levels of collagen-1 in the co-cultured fibroblasts, while exhibiting less impact on cells in mono-culture. This would suggest a possible downstream effect of ROS-mitigation by T on stromal-tumour cell signalling. Since fibroblast-derived collagens modulate crucial steps in tumorigenesis, this ROS-associated effect could potentially be harnessed to slow cancer progression. The model may also be beneficial for interrogating the impact of antioxidants on naturally enhanced ROS levels, rather than relying on the application of exogenous oxidants to simulate elevated ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V Dao
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Department of Physical Chemistry and Physics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Francesca Ercole
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Matthew C Urquhart
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Division of Surgery, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - John F Quinn
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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460
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Bizinelli D, Flores Navarro F, Lima Costa Faldoni F. Maca Root ( Lepidium meyenii) Extract Increases the Expression of MMP-1 and Stimulates Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:346-356. [PMID: 33560149 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1882511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maca root (Lepidium meyenii) extract is a worldwide consumed food supplement for sexual dysfunctions, increasing sperm production and its motility, and alleviating menopausal symptoms. Once maca root has a role in cell proliferation and motility, and its consumption may increase along with age, mainly in menopausal women, we aimed to investigate the plant effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Standardized maca root powdered extract showed significant cytotoxic activity in both MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells, and the IC50s were 2000 μg/ml and 3000 μg/ml, respectively. Both cell lines showed an increase in migratory capacity. Using bioinformatics tools, we established genes involved in the metastatic process, CAV1, LAMA4, and MMP-1, and the mRNAs expression was assessed by qPCR. Comparing the treated cells to the negative control, CAV1 presented a decreased expression by 2-fold in MDA-MB-231. LAMA4 presented a decrease by 4-fold in Hs578T cells. MMP-1 showed substantially increase mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 by 86-fold and in Hs578T by 5-fold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that the human consumption of maca may be dangerous due to the upregulation in MMP-1 expression and the increase in TNBC migrated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bizinelli
- University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Lima Costa Faldoni
- University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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461
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Seclì L, Fusella F, Avalle L, Brancaccio M. The dark-side of the outside: how extracellular heat shock proteins promote cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4069-4083. [PMID: 33544155 PMCID: PMC8164615 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to exerting several essential house-keeping activities in the cell, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are crucial players in a well-structured molecular program activated in response to stressful challenges. Among the different activities carried out by HSPs during emergency, they reach the extracellular milieu, from where they scout the surroundings, regulate extracellular protein activity and send autocrine and paracrine signals. Cancer cells permanently experience stress conditions due to their altered equilibrium and behaviour, and constantly secrete heat shock proteins as a result. Other than supporting anti-tumour immunity, extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSPs), can also exacerbate cancer cell growth and malignancy by sustaining different cancer hallmarks. eHSPs are implicated in extracellular matrix remodelling, resistance to apoptosis, promotion of cell migration and invasion, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and activation of stromal cells, supporting ultimately, metastasis dissemination. A broader understanding of eHSP activity and contribution to tumour development and progression is leading to new opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Fusella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lidia Avalle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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462
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Ren X, Liang S, Li Y, Ji Y, Li L, Qin C, Fang K. ENAM gene associated with T classification and inhibits proliferation in renal clear cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7035-7051. [PMID: 33539322 PMCID: PMC7993715 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential involvement of T classification-related genes in renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) must be further explored. Public data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. An overall survival (OS) predictive model was developed and validated (TCGA train, 5 years, AUC = 0.73, 3 years, AUC = 0.73, 1 year, AUC = 0.76; TCGA test, 5 years, AUC = 0.74, 3 years, AUC = 0.65, 1 year, AUC = 0.73; TCGA all, 5 years, AUC = 0.72, 3 years, AUC = 0.71, 1 year, AUC = 0.75). Finally, ENAM was selected for further analysis. In vitro experiment indicated that ENMA is downregulated in ccRCC, and its knockdown could promote proliferation in two cancer cell lines (OSRC-2 and SW839). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that ENAM could remarkably increase the content of cytotoxic cells, NK CD56 cells, NK cells and CD8+ T cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, which may be one reason for its tumor-inhibiting effect. In summary, ENAM may suppress cell proliferation in ccRCC and can be used as a potential reference value for the relief and immunotherapy of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shengjie Liang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Huinan, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Huinan, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yisheng Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Huinan, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
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463
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Zhang DX, Vu LT, Ismail NN, Le MTN, Grimson A. Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:24-44. [PMID: 33545339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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464
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Extraction of Type I Collagen from Tilapia Scales Using Acetic Acid and Ultrafine Bubbles. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is commonly used in medical materials and cosmetics. While it can be extracted from the skin and bones of mammals, marine collagen has attracted attention recently, since the use of mammalian collagen could result in zoonosis, and products containing mammalian collagen are avoided due to some religious beliefs. Chemical extractions using strong acids and alkalis, thermal extractions, and other nonconventional methods have been used for collagen extraction. However, there are few reports on environmentally friendly methods. Although heat extractions provide higher yields of collagen, they often cause collagen denaturation. Therefore, dilute acetic acid and ultrafine bubbles of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone were used to extract type I collagen from tilapia scales. The extraction performance of the different conditions employed was qualitatively analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and the collagen concentration was quantified using circular dichroism spectroscopy by monitoring the peak intensity at 221 nm, which is specific to the triple helix of type I collagen. Collagen was extracted from tilapia scales with a yield of 1.58% by the aeration of ultrafine bubbles of carbon dioxide gas in a 0.1 M acetic acid solution for 5 h.
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465
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Zhu Z, Xu J, Wu X, Lin S, Li L, Ye W, Huang Z. In Silico Identification of Contradictory Role of ADAMTS5 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:1533033820986826. [PMID: 33522433 PMCID: PMC7871357 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820986826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ADAMTS5 has different roles in multiple types of cancers
and participates in various molecular mechanisms. However, the prognostic
value of ADAMTS5 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) still remains unclear. We carried the study to evaluate the prognostic
value and identified underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC. Methods: Firstly, the association of ADAMTS5 expression and
clinicopathological parameters was evaluated by in GSE14520. Next,
ADAMTS5 expression in HCC was performed using GSE14520,
GSE36376, GSE76427 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profile. Furthermore,
Kaplan-Meier analysis, Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis,
subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of
ADAMTS5 in HCC. Finally, GO enrichment analysis, gene set
enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis
(WGCNA) were performed to revealed underlying molecular mechanisms. Result: The expression of ADAMTS5 was positively correlated with the
development of HCC. Next, high ADAMTS5 expression was
significantly associated with poorer survival (all P <
0.05) and the impact of ADAMTS5 on all overall survival
(OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), disease
specific survival (DSS) and progression free interval (PFI) was specific for
HCC among other 29 cancer types. Subgroup analysis showed that
ADAMTS5 overexpression was significantly associated
with poorer OS in patients with HCC. Finally, ADAMTS5 might
participate in the status conversion from metabolic-dominant to
extracellular matrix-dominant, and the activation of ECM-related biological
process might contribute to high higher mortality risk for patients with
HCC. Conclusion: ADAMTS5 may play an important role in the progression of
HCC, and may be considered as a novel and effective biomarker for predicting
prognosis for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhua Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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466
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Harnessing Extracellular Matrix Biology for Tumor Drug Delivery. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020088. [PMID: 33572559 PMCID: PMC7911184 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an active role in cell life through a tightly controlled reciprocal relationship maintained by several fibrous proteins, enzymes, receptors, and other components. It is also highly involved in cancer progression. Because of its role in cancer etiology, the ECM holds opportunities for cancer therapy on several fronts. There are targets in the tumor-associated ECM at the level of signaling molecules, enzyme expression, protein structure, receptor interactions, and others. In particular, the ECM is implicated in invasiveness of tumors through its signaling interactions with cells. By capitalizing on the biology of the tumor microenvironment and the opportunities it presents for intervention, the ECM has been investigated as a therapeutic target, to facilitate drug delivery, and as a prognostic or diagnostic marker for tumor progression and therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the tumor ECM biology as it relates to drug delivery with emphasis on design parameters targeting the ECM.
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467
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Martins Cavaco AC, Dâmaso S, Casimiro S, Costa L. Collagen biology making inroads into prognosis and treatment of cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:603-623. [PMID: 32447477 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression through dissemination to tumor-surrounding tissues and metastasis development is a hallmark of cancer that requires continuous cell-to-cell interactions and tissue remodeling. In fact, metastization can be regarded as a tissue disease orchestrated by cancer cells, leading to neoplastic colonization of new organs. Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and increasing evidence suggests that it has an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. Desmoplasia and collagen biomarkers have been associated with relapse and death in cancer patients. Despite the increasing interest in ECM and in the desmoplastic process in tumor microenvironment as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in cancer, further research is required for a better understanding of these aspects of cancer biology. In this review, published evidence correlating collagen with cancer prognosis is retrieved and analyzed, and the role of collagen and its fragments in cancer pathophysiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Martins Cavaco
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Dâmaso
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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468
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Hughes AM, Kolb AD, Shupp AB, Shine KM, Bussard KM. Printing the Pathway Forward in Bone Metastatic Cancer Research: Applications of 3D Engineered Models and Bioprinted Scaffolds to Recapitulate the Bone-Tumor Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:507. [PMID: 33572757 PMCID: PMC7865550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, resulting in osteolytic lesions and poor patient quality of life. The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in cancer cell metastasis by means of the physical and biochemical cues it provides to support cellular crosstalk. Current two-dimensional in-vitro models lack the spatial and biochemical complexities of the native ECM and do not fully recapitulate crosstalk that occurs between the tumor and endogenous stromal cells. Engineered models such as bone-on-a-chip, extramedullary bone, and bioreactors are presently used to model cellular crosstalk and bone-tumor cell interactions, but fall short of providing a bone-biomimetic microenvironment. Three-dimensional bioprinting allows for the deposition of biocompatible materials and living cells in complex architectures, as well as provides a means to better replicate biological tissue niches in-vitro. In cancer research specifically, 3D constructs have been instrumental in seminal work modeling cancer cell dissemination to bone and bone-tumor cell crosstalk in the skeleton. Furthermore, the use of biocompatible materials, such as hydroxyapatite, allows for printing of bone-like microenvironments with the ability to be implanted and studied in in-vivo animal models. Moreover, the use of bioprinted models could drive the development of novel cancer therapies and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Alexus D. Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Alison B. Shupp
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Kristy M. Shine
- Health Design Lab, Jefferson Bioprinting Lab, Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen M. Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
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469
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Zhou J, Liu B, Li Z, Li Y, Chen X, Ma Y, Yan S, Yang X, Zhong L, Wu N. Proteomic Analyses Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins and Pathways Between Low-Risk and High-Risk Subtypes of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma and Their Prognostic Impacts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100015. [PMID: 33508502 PMCID: PMC7950210 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The histopathological subtype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is closely associated with prognosis. Micropapillary or solid predominant LUAD tends to relapse after surgery at an early stage, whereas lepidic pattern shows a favorable outcome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we recruited 31 lepidic predominant LUADs (LR: low-risk subtype group) and 28 micropapillary or solid predominant LUADs (HR: high-risk subtype group). Tissues of these cases were obtained and label-free quantitative proteomic and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Additionally, prognostic impact of targeted proteins was validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas databases (n = 492) and tissue microarrays composed of early-stage LUADs (n = 228). A total of 192 differentially expressed proteins were identified between tumor tissues of LR and HR and three clusters were identified via hierarchical clustering excluding eight proteins. Cluster 1 (65 proteins) showed a sequential decrease in expression from normal tissues to tumor tissues of LR and then to HR and was predominantly enriched in pathways such as tyrosine metabolism and ECM-receptor interaction, and increased matched mRNA expression of 18 proteins from this cluster predicted favorable prognosis. Cluster 2 (70 proteins) demonstrated a sequential increase in expression from normal tissues to tumor tissues of LR and then to HR and was mainly enriched in pathways such as extracellular organization, DNA replication and cell cycle, and high matched mRNA expression of 25 proteins indicated poor prognosis. Cluster 3 (49 proteins) showed high expression only in LR, with high matched mRNA expression of 20 proteins in this cluster indicating favorable prognosis. Furthermore, high expression of ERO1A and FEN1 at protein level predicted poor prognosis in early-stage LUAD, supporting the mRNA results. In conclusion, we discovered key differentially expressed proteins and pathways between low-risk and high-risk subtypes of early-stage LUAD. Some of these proteins could serve as potential biomarkers in prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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470
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Mechanism of tumour microenvironment in the progression and development of oral cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1773-1786. [PMID: 33492572 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer has been a major problem all across the globe, majorly in the developing countries. With a growing emphasis in the field of cancer research, the contribution of the tumour microenvironment has been gaining a lot of importance in identifying the role of components other than the tumour cells that cause the development of cancer, thus changing the outlook. The review will shed light on the studies that describe the role of microenvironment, its components as well as summarize the studies related to their mechanism in the progression of oral cancer. The literature for the review was derived mainly from Google Scholar and PubMed, in particular concentrating on the most recent papers published in 2019 and 2020, by using the keywords "Cancer, Oral Cancer, Metastasis, OSCC, Tumour microenvironment, CAFs, ECM, Cytokines, Hypoxia, Therapeutics targeting the microenvironment". The study provides insight into the world of micro-environmental regulation of oral cancer, the mechanism by which they interact and how to exploit it as a potential therapeutic haven for treating the disease. The components Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), Tumour-associated Macrophages (TAMs), Tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), Hypoxic environment, myeloid-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and T regulatory (Tregs) cells and underlying mechanisms that control them will be the targets of study to understand the microenvironment.
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471
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Vidergar R, Balduit A, Zacchi P, Agostinis C, Mangogna A, Belmonte B, Grandolfo M, Salton F, Biolo M, Zanconati F, Confalonieri M, Bulla R. C1q-HA Matrix Regulates the Local Synthesis of Hyaluronan in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Modulating HAS3 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030416. [PMID: 33499323 PMCID: PMC7865933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor characterized by poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and the absence of efficient first-line treatments. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and the complement protein C1q represent two pivotal players in the MPM tumor microenvironment by acting in association with effects on cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. The aim of the current study is to prove HA production by MPM primary cells and to understand whether HA metabolism modulation could be considered a potential target for future therapeutic approaches in MPM. Abstract Increased hyaluronic acid (HA) production is often associated with cancer progression. In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), HA is found at elevated levels in pleural effusions and sera of patients, and it has been widely debated whether MPM cells are able to produce HA by themselves or through the release of growth factors stimulating other cells. Another key component of the MPM microenvironment is C1q, which can act as a pro-tumorigenic factor favoring cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. The aim of the current study was to prove that MPM primary cells are able to synthesize HA and to inquire the stimulus given by C1q–HA matrix to HA synthesis. We confirmed the presence of a HA coat and cable-like structures around MPM primary cells, as well as an intracellular pool, mainly localized in the cytoplasmic and perinuclear region. After evaluating HA synthase (HAS) enzymes’ basal expression in MPM primary cells, we found that C1q bound to HA was able to impinge upon HA homeostasis by upregulating HAS3 both at the mRNA and the protein levels. High expression of HAS3 has been correlated with a shorter life expectancy in MPM by bioinformatical analysis. These data confirmed that C1q bound to HA may exert pro-tumorigenic activity and identified HAS3 as a potential target in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Vidergar
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Andrea Balduit
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (C.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (C.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesco Salton
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Biolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
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472
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Ridwan SM, Hainfeld JF, Ross V, Stanishevskiy Y, Smilowitz HM. Novel Iodine nanoparticles target vascular mimicry in intracerebral triple negative human MDA-MB-231 breast tumors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1203. [PMID: 33441981 PMCID: PMC7806637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), ~ 10-20% of diagnosed breast cancers, metastasizes to brain, lungs, liver. Iodine nanoparticle (INP) radioenhancers specifically localize to human TNBC MDA-MB-231 tumors growing in mouse brains after iv injection, significantly extending survival of mice after radiation therapy (RT). A prominent rim of INP contrast (MicroCT) previously seen in subcutaneous tumors but not intracerebral gliomas, provide calculated X-ray dose-enhancements up to > eightfold. Here, MDA-MB-231-cells, INPs, CD31 were examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Most INP staining co-localized with CD31 in the tumor center and periphery. Greatest INP/CD31 staining was in the tumor periphery, the region of increased MicroCT contrast. Tumor cells are seen to line irregularly-shaped spaces (ISS) with INP, CD31 staining very close to or on the tumor cell surface and PAS stain on their boundary and may represent a unique form of CD31-expressing vascular mimicry in intracerebral 231-tumors. INP/CD31 co-staining is also seen around ISS formed around tumor cells migrating on CD31+ blood-vessels. The significant radiation dose enhancement to the prolific collagen I containing, INP-binding ISS found throughout the tumor but concentrated in the tumor rim, may contribute significantly to the life extensions observed after INP-RT; VM could represent a new drug/NP, particularly INP, tumor-homing target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Ross
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Henry M Smilowitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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473
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Comprehensive Identification of Potential Crucial Genes and miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6752141. [PMID: 33521130 PMCID: PMC7817291 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6752141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a recent global increase of 20% in age-related incidence. Ultrasonography and ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are the most widely used diagnostic tests for thyroid nodules; however, it is estimated that up to 25% of thyroid biopsies are cytologically inconclusive. Molecular markers can help guide patient-oriented and targeted treatment of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Methods Datasets related to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) or thyroid carcinoma (GSE129562, GSE3678, GSE54958, GSE138042, and GSE124653) were downloaded from the GEO database and analysed using the Limma package of R software. For functional enrichment analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and Gene Ontology were applied to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Metascape website. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built from the STRING database. Gene expression, protein expression, immunohistochemistry, and potential functional gene survival were analysed using the GEPIA website, the Human Protein Atlas website, and the UALCAN website. Potential target miRNAs were predicted using the miRDB and Starbase datasets. Results We found 219 upregulated and 310 downregulated DEGs, with a cut-off of p < 0.01 and ∣log FC | >1.5. The DEGs in papillary thyroid cancer were mainly enriched in extracellular structural organisation. At the intersection of the PPI network and Metascape MCODEs, the hub genes in common were identified as FN1, APOE, CLU, and SDC2. In the targeted regulation network of miRNA-mRNA, the hsa-miR-424-5p was found to synchronously modulate two hub genes. Survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of CLU and APOE had better prognosis. Conclusions CLU and APOE are involved in the molecular mechanism of papillary thyroid cancer. The hsa-miR-424-5p might have the potential to reverse the processes of papillary thyroid cancer by modulating the hub genes. These are potential targets for the treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer.
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474
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Khunger A, Piazza E, Warren S, Smith TH, Ren X, White A, Elliott N, Cesano A, Beechem JM, Kirkwood JM, Tarhini AA. CTLA-4 blockade and interferon-α induce proinflammatory transcriptional changes in the tumor immune landscape that correlate with pathologic response in melanoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245287. [PMID: 33428680 PMCID: PMC7799833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with locally/regionally advanced melanoma were treated with neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy with high-dose interferon α-2b (HDI) and ipilimumab in a phase I clinical trial. Tumor specimens were obtained prior to the initiation of neoadjuvant therapy, at the time of surgery and progression if available. In this study, gene expression profiles of tumor specimens (N = 27) were investigated using the NanoString nCounter® platform to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes (pathologic response, radiologic response, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS)) and define biomarkers associated with tumor response. The Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS), an 18-gene signature that enriches for response to Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade, was also evaluated for association with clinical response and survival. It was observed that neoadjuvant ipilimumab-HDI therapy demonstrated an upregulation of immune-related genes, chemokines, and transcription regulator genes involved in immune cell activation, function, or cell proliferation. Importantly, increased expression of baseline pro-inflammatory genes CCL19, CD3D, CD8A, CD22, LY9, IL12RB1, C1S, C7, AMICA1, TIAM1, TIGIT, THY1 was associated with longer OS (p < 0.05). In addition, multiple genes that encode a component or a regulator of the extracellular matrix such as MMP2 and COL1A2 were identified post-treatment as being associated with longer RFS and OS. In all baseline tissues, high TIS scores were associated with longer OS (p = 0.0166). Also, downregulated expression of cell proliferation-related genes such as CUL1, CCND1 and AAMP at baseline was associated with pathological and radiological response (unadjusted p < 0.01). In conclusion, we identified numerous genes that play roles in multiple biological pathways involved in immune activation, immune suppression and cell proliferation correlating with pathological/radiological responses following neoadjuvant immunotherapy highlighting the complexity of immune responses modulated by immunotherapy. Our observations suggest that TIS may be a useful biomarker for predicting survival outcomes with combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khunger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Hospital West, Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Piazza
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Smith
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xing Ren
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew White
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan Elliott
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Cesano
- ESSA Pharma, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Beechem
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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475
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TMEM158 May Serve as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: An Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1137-1147. [PMID: 33428142 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but extremely lethal malignancy. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of ATC. Given its high mortality, it is critical to improve our understanding of ATC pathogenesis and to find new diagnostic biomarkers. In the present study, two gene microarray profiles (GSE53072 and GSE65144), which included 17 ATC and 17 adjacent non-tumorous tissues, were obtained. Bioinformatic analyses were then performed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then used to detect transmembrane protein 158 (TMEM158) expression and to assess diagnostic sensitivity. A total of 372 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, we identified a significant module with 37 upregulated genes. Most of the genes in this module were related to cell-cycle processes. After co-expression analysis, 132 hub genes were selected for further study. Nine genes were identified as both DEGs and genes of interest in the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). IHC and ROC curves confirmed that TMEM158 was overexpressed in ATC tissue as compared with other types of thyroid cancer and normal tissue samples. We identified 8 KEGG pathways that were associated with high expression of TMEM158, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and DNA replication. Our results suggest that TMEM158 may be a potential oncogene and serve as a diagnostic indicator for ATC.
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476
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Upregulation of LAMB1 via ERK/c-Jun Axis Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth and Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020626. [PMID: 33435161 PMCID: PMC7826975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a poor survival rate. Therefore, it is important to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer. Laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1) is involved in attachment, migration, and organization during development, and its elevated expression has been associated with several cancers. However, the role and mechanism of LAMB1 in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we determined that LAMB1 is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and contributes to cell growth and motility. Using a public database, we showed that LAMB1 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer compared to normal tissues. LAMB1 was also found to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Overexpression of LAMB1 elevated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; however, knockdown of LAMB1 decreased these effects in gastric cancer cells. U0126, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, regulated the expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, we showed that c-Jun directly binds to the LAMB1 promoter as a transcription factor and regulates its gene expression via the ERK pathway in gastric cancer cells. Therefore, our study indicates that LAMB1 promotes cell growth and motility via the ERK/c-Jun axis and is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
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477
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Sosnowska M, Kutwin M, Strojny B, Koczoń P, Szczepaniak J, Bałaban J, Daniluk K, Jaworski S, Chwalibog A, Bielawski W, Sawosz E. Graphene oxide nanofilm and chicken embryo extract decrease the invasiveness of HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-020-00073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a mosaic of various structural and functional proteins that cooperate with the cell, regulate adhesion, and consequently manage its further fate. Liver destruction is accompanied by a disruption of the physicochemical properties of the ECM which deregulates the cell–ECM interaction and can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and neoplastic transformation of cells. Therefore, it can be assumed that ECM modification and restoration of its characteristics for healthy tissue may counteract uncontrolled cell proliferation. The purpose of the presented research model was to optimise the physical characteristics of ECM by introducing a graphene oxide plane/nanofilm (nfGO) and enriching the cell environment with potentially missing proteins by adding a functional protein cocktail (chicken embryo liver extract) and determine the impact of these factors on cell–ECM cooperation and its consequences on adhesion, proliferation, and cell phase, which are factors of the invasiveness of cancer cells.
Results
Experiments were performed with non-cancer HS-5 cells and liver cancer cells HepG2 and C3A. The cells were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) cultured on nfGO, (3) cultured with the addition of chicken embryo liver extract (CELE) and (4) cultured on the nfGO with the addition of CELE. CELE contained 1735 proteins; the top 57 of these proteins have been presented. The use of nfGO as well as CELE and nfGO + CELE reduced the proliferation of HepG2 cancer cells to the greatest extent; this is in contrast to non-cancer cells and also to C3A cancer cells. Furthermore, the combined use of the CELE protein cocktail and GO substrate effectively resulted in a decrease in the population of HepG2 cells in the G0/G1 phase and an increase of the population in G2/M. Molecular analysis of HepG2 cancer cells also showed an increase in the expression of genes responsible for adhesion such as focal adhesion kinase (fak), e-cadherin, and n-cadherin and a decrease in β-catenin, which is considered a proto-oncogene.
Conclusions
Studies have shown that both the GO surface structure on which the cells are grown as well as the presence of a multi-component natural cocktail of regulatory proteins, can modify the expression of integrins, increase adhesion and, as a consequence, proliferation and the cell cycle—entering the resting phase. For the first time, it has been documented that hepatic cancer cells of the HepG2 line under the influence of stimuli derived from mimic ECM (graphene oxide) in interaction with a unique protein complex derived from chicken liver embryo decreased of the invasiveness of cancer cells.
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478
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Nawn D, Pratiher S, Chattoraj S, Chakraborty D, Pal M, Paul RR, Dutta S, Chatterjee J. Multifractal Alterations in Oral Sub-Epithelial Connective Tissue During Progression of Pre-Cancer and Cancer. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:152-162. [PMID: 32750913 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.2997875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bright-field microscopy (BFM) encrypts the optical transillumination profile of the transmitted light attenuated by the complex micro-structural tissue convolutions, manifested by the dense and compact regions of the specimen under examination. The connotations of idiosyncratic tissue interaction dynamics with the onset of pre-cancerous activity are encoded in the BFM acquired oral mucosa histopathological images (OMHI). In the present study, our analysis is focused on the sub-epithelium region of the oral mucosa, which has high clinical significance but sparsely explored in the literature from the textural domain. Histopathology being the gold-standard technique till date, we have used the light microscopic histopathology images for tissue characterization. The tissue-index transmission patches (TITP) from the sub-epithelium region are cropped under the guidance of oral onco-pathologists. After that, the TITPs are characterized for its multi-scale spatial-deformation dynamics, while keeping the intrinsic anisotropic geometry, and local contour connectivity within tolerable limits. With recent studies exhibiting multifractal's potency in diverse biological system analysis, here, we exploit the 2D multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (2D-MFDFA) on TITPs for exploring a discriminative set of multifractal signatures for healthy, oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer tissue sample. The predictive model's competency is validated on an experimentally collected corpus of TITP samples and substantiated via confirmatory data statistics and analysis, showing its inter-class segregation efficacy. Moreover, the 2D-MFDFA analysis evinces the complex multifractal patterns in TITPs, which is due to the presence of composite long-range correlations in the oral mucosa tissue fabric.
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479
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Tian T, Xie R, Ding K, Han B, Yang Q, Yang X. IOX1 protects from TGF-β induced fibrosis in LX-2 cells via the regulation of extracellular matrix protein expression. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33488789 PMCID: PMC7812578 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the histone H3K9 demethylase inhibitor, IOX1, on the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis in TGF-β-induced human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, histone H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), type I collagen (Col I), MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were measured. H3K9me2 levels in the promoter region of ECM-related genes were detected by real-time cell analysis (RTCA), flow cytometry, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in LX-2 cells. IOX1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and the IC50 of IOX1 was 100 µM in cells treated with IOX1 for 48 h. IOX1 significantly induced apoptosis in LX-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, different concentration of IOX1 increased the level of H3K9me2 and downregulated the expression of α-SMA, Col I, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells. ChIP measurements indicated that H3K9me2 levels in the promotor region of the corresponding genes were increased in TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells. IOX1 may elevate H3K9me2 in the promotor region of Col I, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 genes to regulate α-SMA, Col I, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression to induce cell apoptosis, inhibit LX-2 cell proliferation and oppose hepatic fibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Eugenic Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Xie
- Department of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Kaize Ding
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Eugenic Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
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480
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González-Orozco JC, Gaona-Domínguez S, Camacho-Arroyo I. In Vitro Models for Studying Tumor Progression. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2174:193-206. [PMID: 32813251 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Beyond cell proliferation, one of the most outstanding characteristics of the cancerous cells that promotes the tumoral progression is their high capacity to migrate and invade the surrounding healthy tissue. These cellular processes (migration and invasion) are critical steps to metastasis. Metastatic progression of the tumors is often the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Critical genes and cell signaling pathways involved in cell migration and invasion of tumor cells have been identified, and several clinical efforts to alleviate cancer are focused on them; however, once the tumor has metastasized, it is extremely difficult to stop the progression of very aggressive forms of cancer such as glioblastomas. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression. In this chapter, we describe some methods to study tumor progression by assessing migration and cell invasion in 2D and 3D cell culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos González-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Saúl Gaona-Domínguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.
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481
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Saini H, Nikkhah M. Fabrication Method of a High-Density Co-Culture Tumor-Stroma Platform to Study Cancer Progression. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2258:241-255. [PMID: 33340365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1174-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has now been established as one of the most common chronic diseases due to high mortality rate. The early stage of non-invasive tumors can now be successfully treated leading to have high survival rates; however, the late stage invasive and metastatic tumors still suffer from poor treatment outcomes. Among multiple contributing factors, the role of tumor microenvironment and its complexities has been well recognized in cancer progression. Stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, adipocytes, immune cells as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) continuously interact with malignant cells and regulate various hallmarks of cancer including tumor growth, invasion, and intravasation. To better understand the role of the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment, numerous model systems ranging from two-dimensional (2D) assays to 3D hydrogels and in vivo murine xenografts have been utilized. While each one of these model systems exhibit certain advantages in studying biological facets of tumor progression, they are often limited to perform well-controlled mechanistic studies due to various factors including lack of tumor-stroma organotypic organization and presence of confounding biochemical and biophysical factors within the tumor microenvironment. In this regard, in the past few years, 3D in vitro microengineered model systems are becoming instrumental to precisely mimic the complexities of the native tumor microenvironment to conduct fundamental and well-designed studies for multiple purposes ranging from biological discovery to therapeutic screening. These model systems include microfluidics, micro-patterned features, and 3D organoids. In this chapter, we will outline the fabrication strategy of our microengineered 3D co-culture tumor-stromal model which comprises high-density array of tumor seeded microwells surrounded by stromal cells, such as CAFs encapsulated within collagen-based hydrogel. The developed platform provides excellent spatial organization of tumor and stromal entities with designated initial architecture and cellular positioning, therefore enabling to study the specific role of cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction on tumor proliferation/expansion, cancer cell migration as well as stromal activation. The developed platform is compatible with standard biological assays enabling gene and protein expression analyses across different types of cancer and co-culture of tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpinder Saini
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics (CPD), Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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482
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Takamatsu Y, Ho G, Wada R, Inoue S, Hashimoto M. Adiponectin paradox as a therapeutic target of the cancer evolvability in aging. Neoplasia 2021; 23:112-117. [PMID: 33310207 PMCID: PMC7726259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent study suggests that protofibril-formation of amyloidogenic proteins (APs) might be involved in evolvability, an epigenetic inheritance of multiple stresses, in various biological systems. In cancer, evolvability of multiple APs, such as p53, γ-synuclein and the members of the calcitonin family of peptides, might be involved in various features, including increased cell proliferation, metastasis and medical treatment resistance. In this context, the objective of this paper is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of reduced APs evolvability against cancer. Notably, the same APs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Given the unsatisfactory outcomes of recent clinical trial of Aβ immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease, it is possible that suppressing the aggregation of individual APs might also be not effective in cancer. As such, we highlight the adiponectin (APN) paradox that might be positioned upstream of AP aggregation in both neurodegenerative disease and cancer, as a common therapeutic target in both disease types. Provided that the APN paradox due to APN resistance under the diabetic conditions might promote AP aggregation, suppressing the APN paradox combined with antidiabetic treatments might be effective for the therapy of both neurodegenerative disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Laboratory for Parkinson's disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Laboratory for Parkinson's disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Parkinson's disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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483
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Molecular and Functional Imaging and Theranostics of the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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484
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Broto GE, Corrêa S, Trigo FC, Dos Santos EC, Tomiotto-Pelissier F, Pavanelli WR, Silveira GF, Abdelhay E, Panis C. Comparative Analysis of Systemic and Tumor Microenvironment Proteomes From Children With B-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia at Diagnosis and After Induction Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 10:550213. [PMID: 33381445 PMCID: PMC7769010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.550213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the childhood diseases, B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most frequent type of cancer. Despite recent advances concerning disease treatment, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the first line of treatment in several countries, and the modifications induced by such drugs in the organism are still poorly understood. In this context, the present study provided a comparative high-throughput proteomic analysis of the cumulative changes induced by chemotherapeutic drugs used in the induction phase of B-ALL treatment in both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow compartment (BM) samples. To reach this goal, PB and BM plasma samples were comparatively analyzed by using label-free proteomics at two endpoints: at diagnosis (D0) and the end of the cumulative induction phase treatment (D28). Proteomic data was available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021584. The resulting differentially expressed proteins were explored by bioinformatics approaches aiming to identify the main gene ontology processes, pathways, and transcription factors altered by chemotherapy, as well as to understand B-ALL biology in each compartment at D0. At D0, PB was characterized as a pro-inflammatory environment, with the involvement of several downregulated coagulation proteins as KNG, plasmin, and plasminogen. D28 was characterized predominantly by immune response-related processes and the super expression of the transcription factor IRF3 and transthyretin. RUNX1 was pointed out as a common transcription factor found in both D0 and D28. We chose to validate the proteins transthyretin and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by commercial kits and expressed the results as PB/BM ratios. Transthyretin ratio was augmented after induction chemotherapy, while IFN-γ was reduced at the end of the treatment. Considering that most of these proteins were not yet described in B-ALL literature, these findings added to understanding disease biology at diagnosis and highlighted a possible role for transthyretin and IFN-γ as mechanisms related to disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geise Ellen Broto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Clínica e Laboratorial, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Stephany Corrêa
- Laboratório de Células-Tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Cruz Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Células-Tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Experimental Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Laboratório de Células-Tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Clínica e Laboratorial, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Experimental Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
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485
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Shi Y, Cai Y, Cao Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and applications for anti-cancer drug screening. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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486
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Coban B, Bergonzini C, Zweemer AJM, Danen EHJ. Metastasis: crosstalk between tissue mechanics and tumour cell plasticity. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:49-57. [PMID: 33204023 PMCID: PMC7782541 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that different genetic programmes drive metastasis of solid tumours, the ultimate outcome is the same: tumour cells are empowered to pass a series of physical hurdles to escape the primary tumour and disseminate to other organs. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to drive the detachment of individual cells from primary tumour masses and facilitate the subsequent establishment of metastases in distant organs. However, this concept has been challenged by observations from pathologists and from studies in animal models, in which partial and transient acquisition of mesenchymal traits is seen but tumour cells travel collectively rather than as individuals. In this review, we discuss how crosstalk between a hybrid E/M state and variations in the mechanical aspects of the tumour microenvironment can provide tumour cells with the plasticity required for strategies to navigate surrounding tissues en route to dissemination. Targeting such plasticity provides therapeutic opportunities to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bircan Coban
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bergonzini
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien J M Zweemer
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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487
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Amorim S, Soares da Costa D, Pashkuleva I, Reis CA, Reis RL, Pires RA. 3D hydrogel mimics of the tumor microenvironment: the interplay among hyaluronic acid, stem cells and cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:252-260. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3D tumor microenvironment model is presented, combining hyaluronic acid (HA) and alginate. The model can be used to mimic the bioactivity of HA in gastric cancer, as well as the crosstalk between cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amorim
- 3B's Research Group
- I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group
- I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group
- I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
| | | | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group
- I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B's Research Group
- I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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488
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Sheehan K, Schalper KA. Tumor Microenvironment: Immune Effector and Suppressor Imbalance. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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489
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Ducuing H, Gardette T, Pignata A, Kindbeiter K, Bozon M, Thoumine O, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Tauszig-Delamasure S, Castellani V. SlitC-PlexinA1 mediates iterative inhibition for orderly passage of spinal commissural axons through the floor plate. eLife 2020; 9:e63205. [PMID: 33345773 PMCID: PMC7775108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal commissural axon navigation across the midline in the floor plate requires repulsive forces from local Slit repellents. The long-held view is that Slits push growth cones forward and prevent them from turning back once they became sensitized to these cues after midline crossing. We analyzed with fluorescent reporters Slits distribution and FP glia morphology. We observed clusters of Slit-N and Slit-C fragments decorating a complex architecture of glial basal process ramifications. We found that PC2 proprotein convertase activity contributes to this pattern of ligands. Next, we studied Slit-C acting via PlexinA1 receptor shared with another FP repellent, the Semaphorin3B, through generation of a mouse model baring PlexinA1Y1815F mutation abrogating SlitC but not Sema3B responsiveness, manipulations in the chicken embryo, and ex vivo live imaging. This revealed a guidance mechanism by which SlitC constantly limits growth cone exploration, imposing ordered and forward-directed progression through aligned corridors formed by FP basal ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ducuing
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Thibault Gardette
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Aurora Pignata
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Karine Kindbeiter
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Muriel Bozon
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR CNRS 5297 - University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Servane Tauszig-Delamasure
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Valerie Castellani
- Institut NeuroMyoGène - CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 de Lyon- UCBL Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
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490
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Dominijanni A, Devarasetty M, Soker S. Manipulating the Tumor Microenvironment in Tumor Organoids Induces Phenotypic Changes and Chemoresistance. iScience 2020; 23:101851. [PMID: 33319176 PMCID: PMC7724203 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors comprised a tightly surrounded tumor microenvironment, made up of non-cellular extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells. Although treatment response is often attributed to tumor heterogeneity, progression and malignancy are profoundly influenced by tumor cell interactions with the surrounding ECM. Here, we used a tumor organoid model, consisting of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) embedded in collagen type 1 (Col1) and colorectal cancer cell (HCT-116) spheroids, to determine the relationship between the ECM architecture, cancer cell malignancy, and chemoresistance. Exogenous transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) used to activate the HSCs increased the remodeling and bundling of Col1 in the ECM around the cancer spheroid. A dense ECM architecture inhibited tumor cell growth, reversed their mesenchymal phenotype, preserved stem cell population, and reduced chemotherapy response. Overall, our results demonstrate that controlled biofabrication and manipulation of the ECM in tumor organoids results enables studying tumor cell-ECM interactions and better understand tumor cell response to chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Dominijanni
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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491
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Modulating the Crosstalk between the Tumor and the Microenvironment Using SiRNA: A Flexible Strategy for Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123744. [PMID: 33322132 PMCID: PMC7763441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With this review we aimed to collect the most relevant scientific findings regarding siRNA therapeutic tools against breast cancer microenvironment. Remarkably, breast cancer treatments have been redirected towards the tumor microenvironment components, mainly involved in patients’ relapse and pharmacological resistance. Therefore, siRNAs represent a promising strategy to jeopardize the tumor microenvironment interplay thanks to their non-toxic and specific effects. Abstract Tumorigenesis is a complex and multistep process in which sequential mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes result in enhanced proliferation and apoptosis escape. Over the past decades, several studies have provided evidence that tumors are more than merely a mass of malignant cancer cells, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) also contributing to cancer progression. For this reason, the focus of cancer research in recent years has shifted from the malignant cancer cell itself to the TME and its interactions. Since the TME actively participates in tumor progression, therapeutic strategies targeting it have created great interest. In this context, much attention has been paid to the potential application of small interfering RNA (siRNA), a class of non-coding RNA that has the ability to downregulate the expression of target genes in a sequence-specific way. This is paving the way for a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe recent efforts in developing siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of breast cancer, with particular emphasis on TME regulation. We focus on studies that adapt siRNA design to reprogram/re-educate the TME and eradicate the interplay between cancer cells and TME.
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492
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Grzywa TM, Klicka K, Włodarski PK. Regulators at Every Step-How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3709. [PMID: 33321819 PMCID: PMC7763175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
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493
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DiNapoli KT, Robinson DN, Iglesias PA. Tools for computational analysis of moving boundary problems in cellular mechanobiology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 13:e1514. [PMID: 33305503 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A cell's ability to change shape is one of the most fundamental biological processes and is essential for maintaining healthy organisms. When the ability to control shape goes awry, it often results in a diseased system. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms that allow a cell to sense and respond to its environment so as to maintain cellular shape homeostasis. Because of the inherent complexity of the system, computational models that are based on sound theoretical understanding of the biochemistry and biomechanics and that use experimentally measured parameters are an essential tool. These models involve an inherent feedback, whereby shape is determined by the action of regulatory signals whose spatial distribution depends on the shape. To carry out computational simulations of these moving boundary problems requires special computational techniques. A variety of alternative approaches, depending on the type and scale of question being asked, have been used to simulate various biological processes, including cell motility, division, mechanosensation, and cell engulfment. In general, these models consider the forces that act on the system (both internally generated, or externally imposed) and the mechanical properties of the cell that resist these forces. Moving forward, making these techniques more accessible to the non-expert will help improve interdisciplinary research thereby providing new insight into important biological processes that affect human health. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Cancer>Computational Models Cancer > Cancer>Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T DiNapoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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494
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Regulators at Every Step—How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709
expr 991289423 + 939431153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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495
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Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes as Therapeutic Opportunity for Immune Cold Molecular Cancer Subtypes. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8758090. [PMID: 33282963 PMCID: PMC7685841 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8758090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunotherapies are effective only in a subset of patients, likely due to several factors including defects in tumor cell antigen presentation, decreased response to immune effectors, and molecular heterogeneity of cancers. Recent molecular classifications enable the categorization of many tumor types. However, deregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene expression is poorly characterized in the context of molecular cancer subtypes. To suppress the confounding effect of immune infiltrates on expression patterns of immunoregulators, we identified and removed genes with strong correlation to estimated immune compartment levels in each tumor type. Next, we reanalyzed a total of 13 TCGA cancer types encompassing 5651 tumors and 485 normal adjacent tissues by performing unsupervised clustering of 14 MHC genes. Subsequently, resultant clusters were statistically compared in terms of expression of other immune-related genes. Three MHC expression clusters were discovered by unsupervised clustering. We identified concordantly decreased expression of MHC genes (MHC-low) in 26 out of 55 molecular subtypes. Consequently, our study underlines the urgent need for designing strategies to enhance tumor MHC expression that could improve immune cold tumor rejection by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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496
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The extracellular matrix: A key player in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100787. [PMID: 33317863 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells located in the bone marrow lay the foundation for multiple lineages of mature hematologic cells. Bone marrow niches are architecturally complex with specific cellular, physiochemical, and biomechanical factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment contributes to the pathogenesis of hematological neoplasms. Numerous studies have deciphered the role of genetic mutations and chromosomal translocations in the development hematologic malignancies. Significant progress has also been made in understanding how the cellular components and cytokine interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment promote the evolution of hematologic cancers. Although the extracellular matrix is known to be a key player in the pathogenesis of various diseases, it's role in the progression of hematologic malignancies is less understood. In this review, we discuss the interactions between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells, and provide an overview of the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in sustaining hematologic malignancies.
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497
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Goonoo N, Boodhun A, Ziman M, Gray E, Bhaw-Luximon A. Repurposing nano-enabled polymeric scaffolds for tumor-wound management and 3D tumor engineering. Regen Med 2020; 15:2229-2247. [PMID: 33284640 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenges of cancer drugs are toxicity, effect on wound healing/patient outcome and in vivo instability. Polymeric scaffolds have been used separately for tissue regeneration in wound healing and as anticancer drug releasing devices. Bringing these two together in bifunctional scaffolds can provide a tool for postoperative local tumor management by promoting healthy tissue regrowth and to deliver anticancer drugs. Another addition to the versatility of polymeric scaffold is its recently discovered ability to act as 3D cell culture models for in vitro isolation and amplification of cancer cells for personalized drug screening and to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the repurposing of 3D polymeric scaffolds for local tumor-wound management and development of in vitro cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- Biomaterials Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Ajmal Boodhun
- Biomaterials Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Biomaterials Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius
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498
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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Buoso E, Masi M, Racchi M, Corsini E. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals' (EDCs) Effects on Tumour Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Emerging Contribution of RACK1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9229. [PMID: 33287384 PMCID: PMC7729595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) can display estrogenic and androgenic effects, and their exposure has been linked to increased cancer risk. EDCs have been shown to directly affect cancer cell regulation and progression, but their influence on tumour microenvironment is still not completely elucidated. In this context, the signalling hub protein RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) could represent a nexus between cancer and the immune system due to its roles in cancer progression and innate immune activation. Since RACK1 is a relevant EDCs target that responds to steroid-active compounds, it could be considered a molecular bridge between the endocrine-regulated tumour microenvironment and the innate immune system. We provide an analysis of immunomodulatory and cancer-promoting effects of different EDCs in shaping tumour microenvironment, with a final focus on the scaffold protein RACK1 as a pivotal molecular player due to its dual role in immune and cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mirco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Classe di Scienze Umane e della Vita (SUV), Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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500
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High expression of MYEOV reflects poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Gene 2020; 770:145337. [PMID: 33278551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The myeloma overexpressed gene (MYEOV) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis in a variety of cancers. However, little is known of the prognosis and immune infiltration associated with MYEOV in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We used several databases (Oncomine, TCGA, and GEO) to analysis the expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration, associated with MYEOV in NSCLC. We also used RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression and prognosis of MYEOV in NSCLC. RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, high MYEOV expression in NSCLC was observed in Oncomine database, and was validated in the TCGA database. High MYEOV expression was significantly associated with different subtypes of NSCLC. Moreover, high MYEOV expression was closely related with a poorer overall survival in NSCLC in TCGA cohort, and was validated in GEO database. Simultaneously, high expression of MYEOV correlates with clinical relevance of NSCLC. Specifically, MYEOV expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of tumor purity and B cells in LUAD. MYEOV expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of tumor purity, and positively associated with CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils in LUSC. GSEA also revealed that high MYEOV expression were enriched in certain cancer-specific pathways. In addition, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed MYEOV expression was higher in NSCLC compared to the normal tissues. Finally, high MYEOV expression was closely related with poorer overall survival of NSCLC in an independent validation cohort. CONCLUSION Our analyses indicate that MYEOV can be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC.
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