501
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Effect of Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia (LMAA) Pretreatment on Biomass Quality and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Long-Term Storage. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2639-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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502
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Cabrera E, Muñoz MJ, Martín R, Caro I, Curbelo C, Díaz AB. Alkaline and alkaline peroxide pretreatments at mild temperature to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of rice hulls and straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:1-7. [PMID: 24952164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study explores alkaline and alkaline peroxide pretreatments in order to achieve a method to improve saccharification of agricultural residues for ethanol production. The effects of reagent concentration and pretreatment time at 30°C and atmospheric pressure on biomass dissolution after the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass were investigated. In fact, although all pretreatments tested improved enzymatic hydrolysis of native residues, the best results were not achieved for the highest biomass loss. The maximum conversions to reducing sugars in the hydrolysis stage of 77.5% and 92.6% were obtained for rice hulls and straw pretreated by alkaline peroxide (4%, 24h) and alkaline (1%, 48 h) methods, respectively. For both pretreated residues, the reduction to more than half the recommended enzyme loading allowed obtaining more than 94% the reducing sugars attained with the recommended dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Cabrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría, Cujae, Ave. 114 No. 11901, Marianao 19390, Cuba.
| | - María J Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Martín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Caro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Caridad Curbelo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría, Cujae, Ave. 114 No. 11901, Marianao 19390, Cuba
| | - Ana B Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
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503
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Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to nanocellulose: structure and chemical process. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:631013. [PMID: 25247208 PMCID: PMC4163452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/631013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex biopolymer that is primary composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The presence of cellulose in biomass is able to depolymerise into nanodimension biomaterial, with exceptional mechanical properties for biocomposites, pharmaceutical carriers, and electronic substrate's application. However, the entangled biomass ultrastructure consists of inherent properties, such as strong lignin layers, low cellulose accessibility to chemicals, and high cellulose crystallinity, which inhibit the digestibility of the biomass for cellulose extraction. This situation offers both challenges and promises for the biomass biorefinery development to utilize the cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, multistep biorefinery processes are necessary to ensure the deconstruction of noncellulosic content in lignocellulosic biomass, while maintaining cellulose product for further hydrolysis into nanocellulose material. In this review, we discuss the molecular structure basis for biomass recalcitrance, reengineering process of lignocellulosic biomass into nanocellulose via chemical, and novel catalytic approaches. Furthermore, review on catalyst design to overcome key barriers regarding the natural resistance of biomass will be presented herein.
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504
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Ogura K, Ninomiya K, Takahashi K, Ogino C, Kondo A. Pretreatment of Japanese cedar by ionic liquid solutions in combination with acid and metal ion and its application to high solid loading. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:120. [PMID: 25426161 PMCID: PMC4243821 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass from plant biomass, especially softwoods, are well-known to present difficulties during attempts at hydrolysis due to their rigid structure. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (ILs) is attractive as this requires to a low input of energy. However, IL pretreatment has the disadvantage of the presence of large amounts of water. Recently, it was reported that a small amount of acid has a positive effect on the degradation of biomass in IL with water. In this study the pretreatment of Japanese cedar, the most abundant softwood in Japan, was investigated using a combination of IL, acid and metal ions. RESULTS First, the novel ionic liquid pretreatment was investigated by changing the pretreatment solvent and the anti-solvent. A mixture of IL, acid and ferric oxide (Fe(3+)) ion was most effective for pretreatment, and an acetone-water mixture was also most effective on the precipitation of biomass. These optimized pretreatment combinations attained a higher degree of glucose release from the pretreated biomass. The amount of cellulose was concentrated from to a level of 36 to 84% of the insoluble fraction by the optimized pretreatment. Based on this result, it was assumed that the extraction of the lignin fraction from the biomass into an anti-solvent solution was attained. Finally, this optimized pretreatment was applied to the enzymatic hydrolysis of Japanese cedar at high-solid biomass loading, and 110 g/L of glucose production was attained. In addition, the ethanol fermentation with this hydrolyzed solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae achieved 50 g/L ethanol production, and this yield reached 90% of the theoretical yield. CONCLUSIONS We developed an effective pretreatment protocol by changing to a pretreatment solvent containing IL, acid, metal ion and anti-solvent. The optimized pretreatment has an effect on softwood and separately retrieved lignin as a by-product. The saccharified solution at high-solid biomass loading was converted to ethanol in a high yield. This proposed methodology would boost the performance of the bioconversion of low-cost materials to other chemicals, and would not be limited to only ethanol but also would include other target chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogura
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ninomiya
- />Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- />Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- />Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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505
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Rahman MM, Inoue A, Ojima T. Characterization of a GHF45 cellulase, AkEG21, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Front Chem 2014; 2:60. [PMID: 25147784 PMCID: PMC4123733 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The common sea hare Aplysia kurodai is known to be a good source for the enzymes degrading seaweed polysaccharides. Recently four cellulases, i.e., 95, 66, 45, and 21 kDa enzymes, were isolated from A. kurodai (Tsuji et al., 2013). The former three cellulases were regarded as glycosyl-hydrolase-family 9 (GHF9) enzymes, while the 21 kDa cellulase was suggested to be a GHF45 enzyme. The 21 kDa cellulase was significantly heat stable, and appeared to be advantageous in performing heterogeneous expression and protein-engineering study. In the present study, we determined some enzymatic properties of the 21 kDa cellulase and cloned its cDNA to provide the basis for the protein engineering study of this cellulase. The purified 21 kDa enzyme, termed AkEG21 in the present study, hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose with an optimal pH and temperature at 4.5 and 40°C, respectively. AkEG21 was considerably heat-stable, i.e., it was not inactivated by the incubation at 55°C for 30 min. AkEG21 degraded phosphoric-acid-swollen cellulose producing cellotriose and cellobiose as major end products but hardly degraded oligosaccharides smaller than tetrasaccharide. This indicated that AkEG21 is an endolytic β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). A cDNA of 1013 bp encoding AkEG21 was amplified by PCR and the amino-acid sequence of 197 residues was deduced. The sequence comprised the initiation Met, the putative signal peptide of 16 residues for secretion and the catalytic domain of 180 residues, which lined from the N-terminus in this order. The sequence of the catalytic domain showed 47–62% amino-acid identities to those of GHF45 cellulases reported in other mollusks. Both the catalytic residues and the N-glycosylation residues known in other GHF45 cellulases were conserved in AkEG21. Phylogenetic analysis for the amino-acid sequences suggested the close relation between AkEG21 and fungal GHF45 cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rahman
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan ; Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan
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506
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Liu QY, Liao YH, Wang TJ, Cai CL, Zhang Q, Tsubaki N, Ma LL. One-Pot Transformation of Cellulose to Sugar Alcohols over Acidic Metal Phosphates Combined with Ru/C. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5016238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yu-He Liao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Liu Cai
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Noritatsu Tsubaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama, 9308555, Japan
| | - Long-Long Ma
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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507
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Bak JS. Electron beam irradiation enhances the digestibility and fermentation yield of water-soaked lignocellulosic biomass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 28626659 PMCID: PMC5466135 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis yield by WEBI is not less than that of a conventional system. Adequate diffusion of the solvent can induce a high-yield of digestibility. Ethanol productivity by WEBI is not less than that of a conventional system. In environmentally friendly WEBI, inhibitory compounds were not detected.
In order to overcome the limitation of commercial electron beam irradiation (EBI), lignocellulosic rice straw (RS) was pretreated using water soaking-based electron beam irradiation (WEBI). This environment-friendly pretreatment, without the formation (or release) of inhibitory compounds (especially hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural), significantly increased the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation yields of RS. Specifically, when water-soaked RS (solid:liquid ratio of 100%) was treated with WEBI doses of 1 MeV at 80 kGy, 0.12 mA, the glucose yield after 120 h of hydrolysis was 70.4% of the theoretical maximum. This value was predominantly higher than the 29.5% and 52.1% measured from untreated and EBI-treated RS, respectively. Furthermore, after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for 48 h, the ethanol concentration, production yield, and productivity were 9.3 g/L, 57.0% of the theoretical maximum, and 0.19 g/L h, respectively. Finally, scanning electron microscopy images revealed that WEBI induced significant ultrastructural changes to the surface of lignocellulosic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seop Bak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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508
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Fan X, Cheng G, Zhang H, Li M, Wang S, Yuan Q. Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:21-26. [PMID: 25263859 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. XRD analysis demonstrated comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC. The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Menghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shizeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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509
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Cheng F, Wang H, Chatel G, Gurau G, Rogers RD. Facile pulping of lignocellulosic biomass using choline acetate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 164:394-401. [PMID: 24874879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Treating ground bagasse or Southern yellow pine in the biodegradable ionic liquid (IL), choline acetate ([Cho][OAc]), at 100°C for 24h led to dissolution of hemicellulose and lignin, while leaving the cellulose pulp undissolved, with a 54.3% (bagasse) or 34.3% (pine) reduction in lignin content. The IL solution of the dissolved biopolymers can be separated from the undissolved particles either by addition of water (20 wt% of IL) followed by filtration or by centrifugation. Hemicellulose (19.0 wt% of original bagasse, 10.2 wt% of original pine, containing 14-18 wt% lignin) and lignin (5.0 wt% of original bagasse, 6.0 wt% of original pine) could be subsequently precipitated. The pulp obtained from [Cho][OAc] treatment can be rapidly dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (e.g., 17 h for raw bagasse vs. 7h for pulp), and precipitated as cellulose-rich material (CRM) with a lower lignin content (e.g., 23.6% for raw bagasse vs. 10.6% for CRM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Cheng
- Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Gregory Chatel
- Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Gabriela Gurau
- Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Robin D Rogers
- Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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510
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Gandolfi S, Ottolina G, Consonni R, Riva S, Patel I. Fractionation of hemp hurds by organosolv pretreatment and its effect on production of lignin and sugars. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1991-1999. [PMID: 24753480 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of hemp hurds into its three main components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, was carried out using organosolv pretreatment. The effect of processing parameters, such as temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and methanol (MeOH) concentration, on the dissolution and recovery of hemicellulose and lignin was determined. More than 75% of total hemicellulose and 75% of total lignin was removed in a single step with low amounts of degradation products under the following conditions: 165 °C, 3% H2 SO4 , 20 min reaction time, and 45% MeOH. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the residual pretreated biomass yielded up to 60% of cellulose-to-glucose conversion. The maximum recovery of the main components was obtained at a combined severity factor value of around one. Characterization of pretreated biomass and isolated lignin was carried out with FTIR and 2D (13) C-(1) H correlation HSQC NMR spectroscopy, the latter technique providing detailed structural information about the obtained methanol organosolv lignin (MOSL). Results suggested that xylopyranoside is the major carbohydrate associated with hemp lignin. The chemical properties of MOSL samples in terms of their phenolic group content and antioxidant capacity were also investigated. The results showed that MOSL samples have a high phenolic group content and antioxidant capacity relative to Klason lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gandolfi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano (Italy); The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM CNR, Milano (Italy)
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511
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Xu Z, Huang F. Pretreatment methods for bioethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:43-62. [PMID: 24972651 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood, grass, agricultural, and forest residues, are potential resources for the production of bioethanol. The current biochemical process of converting biomass to bioethanol typically consists of three main steps: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. For this process, pretreatment is probably the most crucial step since it has a large impact on the efficiency of the overall bioconversion. The aim of pretreatment is to disrupt recalcitrant structures of cellulosic biomass to make cellulose more accessible to the enzymes that convert carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars. This paper reviews several leading acidic, neutral, and alkaline pretreatments technologies. Different pretreatment methods, including dilute acid pretreatment (DAP), steam explosion pretreatment (SEP), organosolv, liquid hot water (LHW), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), sodium hydroxide/lime pretreatments, and ozonolysis are intensively introduced and discussed. In this minireview, the key points are focused on the structural changes primarily in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin during the above leading pretreatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China,
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512
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Bu L, Tang Y, Xing Y, Zhang W, Shang X, Jiang J. Comparison of hydrophilic variation and bioethanol production of furfural residues after delignification pretreatment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1435-43. [PMID: 25130750 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.921556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Furfural residue (FR) is a waste lignocellulosic material with enormous potential for bioethanol production. In this study, bioethanol production from FR after delignification was compared. Hydrophilic variation was measured by conductometric titration to detect the relationship between hydrophilicity and bioethanol production. It was found that ethanol yield increased as delignification enhanced, and it reached up to 75.6% of theoretical yield for samples with 8.7% lignin. The amount of by-products decreased as delignification increased. New inflection points appeared in conductometric titration curves of samples that were partially delignified, but they vanished in the curves of the highly delignified samples. Total charges and carboxyl levels increased after slight delignification, and they decreased upon further delignification. These phenomena suggested some new hydrophilic groups were formed during pretreated delignification, which would be beneficial to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, some newly formed groups may act as toxicant to the yeast during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Bu
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
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513
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Bak JS. Complementary substrate-selectivity of metabolic adaptive convergence in the lignocellulolytic performance by Dichomitus squalens. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:434-45. [PMID: 24894915 PMCID: PMC4229324 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lignocellulolytic platform of the wood-decaying organism Dichomitus squalens is important for production of biodegradable elements; however, the system has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, using statistical target optimization, we analysed substrate selectivity based on a variety of D. squalens metabolic pathways using combined omics tools. As compared with the alkali-lignin (AL) programme, the rice straw (RS) programme has the advantage of multilayered signalling to regulate cellulolytic-related genes or to connect their pathways. The spontaneous instability of the AL programme was accelerated by harsh starvation as compared with that of the RS programme. Therefore, the AL programme converged on cellular maintenance much easier and more rapidly. However, regardless of external substrate/concentration type, the compensatory pattern of the major targets (especially peroxidases and growth regulators) was similar, functioning to maintain cellular homeostasis. Interestingly, ligninolytic-mediated targets under non-kaleidoscopic conditions were induced by a substrate-input-control, and especially this mechanism had an important effect on the early stages of the biodegradation process. This optimized target analysis could be used to understand lignocellulolytic network and to improve downstream efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seop Bak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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514
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A novel cleaning process for industrial production of xylose in pilot scale from corncob by using screw-steam-explosive extruder. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2425-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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515
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Bouxin FP, David Jackson S, Jarvis MC. Isolation of high quality lignin as a by-product from ammonia percolation pretreatment of poplar wood. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:236-242. [PMID: 24755321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A two-step process combining percolation-mode ammonia pretreatment of poplar sawdust with mild organosolv purification of the extracted lignin produced high quality, high purity lignin in up to 31% yield and 50% recovery. The uncondensed fraction of the isolated lignin was up to 34%, close to that the native lignin (40%). Less lignin was recovered after pretreatment in batch mode, apparently due to condensation during the longer residence time of the solubilised lignin at elevated temperature. The lignin recovery was directly correlated with its molecular weight and its nitrogen content. Low nitrogen incorporation, observed at high ammonia concentration, may be explained by limited homolytic cleavage of β-O-4 bonds. Ammonia concentrations from 15% to 25% (w/w) gave similar results in terms of lignin structure, yield and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent P Bouxin
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - S David Jackson
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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516
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Meng X, Ragauskas AJ. Recent advances in understanding the role of cellulose accessibility in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 27:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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517
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Dávila JA, Hernández V, Castro E, Cardona CA. Economic and environmental assessment of syrup production. Colombian case. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:84-90. [PMID: 24686375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a techno-economic and environmental assessment of the glucose syrups production from sugarcane bagasse, plantain husk, cassava husk, mango peel, rice husk and corncobs. According to the economic analysis, the corncob had both, the lowest production cost (2.48USD/kg syrup) and the highest yield (0.61kgofsugars/kg of wet agroindustrial waste) due to its high content in cellulose and hemicellulose. This analysis also revealed that a heat integration strategy is necessary since the utilities consumption represent an important factor in the production cost. According to the results, the pretreatment section requires more energy in the syrup production in comparison with the requirements of other sections such as production and sugar concentration. The environmental assessment revealed that the solid wastes such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural affected the environmental development of the process for all the agroindustrial wastes, being the rice husk the residue with the lowest environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Dávila
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Valentina Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Eulogio Castro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiales, Universidad de Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas, Spain
| | - Carlos A Cardona
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia.
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518
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Yu L, Bule M, Ma J, Zhao Q, Frear C, Chen S. Enhancing volatile fatty acid (VFA) and bio-methane production from lawn grass with pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:243-249. [PMID: 24759639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The bioconversion of fiber-based carbohydrates during anaerobic digestion (AD) is impeded due to the recalcitrant nature of the plant cell wall. Pretreatment of lignocellulose materials under mild conditions are needed to improve the digestibility at minimum cost. This study investigated the effects of different pretreatments, including ozone, soaking aqueous ammonia (SAA), combined ozone and SAA (OSAA), and size reduction to enhance volatile fatty acid (VFA) and bio-methane production when lawn grass was used as substrate. To study VFA production, methanogenesis was selectively inhibited by sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate to decouple the relation between VFA and bio-methane. The enzymatic hydrolysis of SAA (residence time 24h at 50°C) and OSAA (10 min ozonation and 6h of SAA) in pretreatment of lawn grass sample resulted in 86.71% and 89.63% sugar recovery, respectively. The specific methane yields of the control, ozone, SAA, OSAA, and size-reduced grass samples were 402.5, 358.8, 481.0, 462.6, and 358.3 ml CH4/g volatile solid (VS), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mahesh Bule
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Quanbao Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Craig Frear
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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519
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Effects of a Steam Explosion Pretreatment on Sugar Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Structural Properties of Reed Straw. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2181-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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520
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SriBala G, Vinu R. Unified Kinetic Model for Cellulose Deconstruction via Acid Hydrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5007905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. SriBala
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai − 600036, India
| | - R. Vinu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai − 600036, India
- National
Center for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai − 600036, India
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521
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Current challenges in commercially producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 2014:463074. [PMID: 25937989 PMCID: PMC4393053 DOI: 10.1155/2014/463074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels that are produced from biobased materials are a good alternative to petroleum based fuels. They offer several benefits to society and the environment. Producing second generation biofuels is even more challenging than producing first generation biofuels due the complexity of the biomass and issues related to producing, harvesting, and transporting less dense biomass to centralized biorefineries. In addition to this logistic challenge, other challenges with respect to processing steps in converting biomass to liquid transportation fuel like pretreatment, hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and fuel separation still exist and are discussed in this review. The possible coproducts that could be produced in the biorefinery and their importance to reduce the processing cost of biofuel are discussed. About $1 billion was spent in the year 2012 by the government agencies in US to meet the mandate to replace 30% existing liquid transportation fuels by 2022 which is 36 billion gallons/year. Other countries in the world have set their own targets to replace petroleum fuel by biofuels. Because of the challenges listed in this review and lack of government policies to create the demand for biofuels, it may take more time for the lignocellulosic biofuels to hit the market place than previously projected.
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522
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Determination of Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Low Severity Acid-steam Pretreated Agro-residue. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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523
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The optimized CO2-added ammonia explosion pretreatment for bioethanol production from rice straw. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1907-15. [PMID: 24671270 PMCID: PMC4141972 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A CO2-added ammonia explosion pretreatment was performed for bioethanol production from rice straw. The pretreatment conditions, such as ammonia concentration, CO2 loading level, residence time, and temperature were optimized using response surface methodology. The response for optimization was defined as the glucose conversion rate. The optimized pretreatment conditions resulting in maximal glucose yield (93.6 %) were determined as 14.3 % of ammonia concentration, 2.2 MPa of CO2 loading level, 165.1 °C of temperature, and 69.8 min of residence time. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that pretreatment of rice straw strongly increased the surface area and pore size, thus increasing enzymatic accessibility for enzymatic saccharification. Finally, an ethanol yield of 97 % was achieved via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Thus, the present study suggests that CO2-added ammonia pretreatment is an appropriate process for bioethanol production from rice straw.
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524
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Shekiro III J, Kuhn EM, Nagle NJ, Tucker MP, Elander RT, Schell DJ. Characterization of pilot-scale dilute acid pretreatment performance using deacetylated corn stover. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:23. [PMID: 24548527 PMCID: PMC3942107 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising process technology for the deconstruction of low-lignin lignocellulosic biomass, capable of producing high yields of hemicellulosic sugars and enhancing enzymatic yields of glucose as part of a biomass-to-biofuels process. However, while it has been extensively studied, most work has historically been conducted at relatively high acid concentrations of 1 - 4% (weight/weight). Reducing the effective acid loading in pretreatment has the potential to reduce chemical costs both for pretreatment and subsequent neutralization. Additionally, if acid loadings are sufficiently low, capital requirements associated with reactor construction may be significantly reduced due to the relaxation of requirements for exotic alloys. Despite these benefits, past efforts have had difficulty obtaining high process yields at low acid loadings without supplementation of additional unit operations, such as mechanical refining. RESULTS Recently, we optimized the dilute acid pretreatment of deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings in a 1-ton per day horizontal pretreatment reactor. This effort included more than 25 pilot-scale pretreatment experiments executed at reactor temperatures ranging from 150 - 170°C, residence times of 10 - 20 minutes and hydrolyzer sulfuric acid concentrations between 0.15 - 0.30% (weight/weight). In addition to characterizing the process yields achieved across the reaction space, the optimization identified a pretreatment reaction condition that achieved total xylose yields from pretreatment of 73.5% ± 1.5% with greater than 97% xylan component balance closure across a series of five runs at the same condition. Feedstock reactivity at this reaction condition after bench-scale high solids enzymatic hydrolysis was 77%, prior to the inclusion of any additional conversion that may occur during subsequent fermentation. CONCLUSIONS This study effectively characterized a range of pretreatment reaction conditions using deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings and identified an optimum reaction condition was selected and used in a series of integrated pilot scale cellulosic ethanol production campaigns. Additionally, several issues exist to be considered in future pretreatment experiments in continuous reactor systems, including the formation of char within the reactor, as well as practical issues with feeding herbaceous feedstock into pressurized systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Shekiro III
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA
| | - Erik M Kuhn
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas J Nagle
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA
| | - Melvin P Tucker
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA
| | - Richard T Elander
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Schell
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA
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525
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Screening of ecologically diverse fungi for their potential to pretreat lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3355-70. [PMID: 24504460 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A widespread and hitherto by far underexploited potential among ecologically diverse fungi to pretreat wheat straw and digestate from maize silage in the future perspective of using such lignocellulosic feedstock for fermentative bioenergy production was inferred from a screening of nine freshwater ascomycetes, 76 isolates from constructed wetlands, nine peatland isolates and ten basidiomycetes. Wheat straw pretreatment was most efficient with three ascomycetes belonging to the genera Acephala (peatland isolate) and Stachybotrys (constructed wetland isolates) and two white-rot fungi (Hypholoma fasciculare and Stropharia rugosoannulata) as it increased the amounts of water-extractable total sugars by more than 50 % and sometimes up to 150 % above the untreated control. The ascomycetes delignified wheat straw at rates (lignin losses between about 31 and 40 % of the initial content) coming close to those observed with white-rot fungi (about 40 to 57 % lignin removal). Overall, fungal delignification was indicated as a major process facilitating the digestibility of wheat straw. Digestate was generally more resistant to fungal decomposition than wheat straw. Nevertheless, certain ascomycetes delignified this substrate to extents sometimes even exceeding delignification by basidiomycetes. Total sugar amounts of about 20 to 60 % above the control value were obtained with the most efficient fungi (one ascomycete of the genus Phoma, the unspecific wood-rot basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita and one unidentified constructed wetland isolate). This was accompanied by lignin losses of about 47 to 56 % of the initial content. Overall, digestate delignification was implied to be less decisive for high yields of fermentable sugars than wheat straw delignification.
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526
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Ruppert AM, Grams J, Chełmicka M, Cacciaguerra T, Świerczyński D. Investigation of biomass depolymerization by surface techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ruppert
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; ul. Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - J. Grams
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; ul. Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - M. Chełmicka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; ul. Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - T. Cacciaguerra
- Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé; Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-UMR 5253 CNRS-UMII-ENSCM-UMI; 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - D. Świerczyński
- Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé; Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-UMR 5253 CNRS-UMII-ENSCM-UMI; 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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527
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Moutta RDO, Ferreira-Leitão VS, Bon EPDS. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and straw mixtures pretreated with diluted acid. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.873795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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528
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529
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Fibrous Agricultural Biomass as a Potential Source for Bioconversion to Vanillic Acid. INT J POLYM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/509035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the potential of six fibrous agricultural residues, namely, oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFBF), coconut coir fiber (CCF), pineapple peel (PP), pineapple crown leaves (PCL), kenaf bast fiber (KBF), and kenaf core fiber (KCF), as a source of ferulic acid and phenolic compounds for bioconversion into vanillic acid. The raw samples were pretreated with organosolv (NaOH-glycerol) and alkaline treatment (NaOH), to produce phenol-rich black liquor. The finding showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds and ferulic acid was produced from CCF and PP, respectively. This study also found that organosolv treatment was the superior method for phenolic compound extraction, whereas alkaline treatment was the selective method for lignin extraction. Vanillic acid production byAspergillus nigerI-1472 was only observed when the fermentation broth was fed with liquors from PP and PCL, possibly due to the higher levels of ferulic acid in those samples.
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530
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Bouxin FP, David Jackson S, Jarvis MC. Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:441-4. [PMID: 24269088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. These conditions also reduced conversion of pentoses to furfural, the ethyl glycosides being more stable to dehydration than the parent pentoses. Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent P Bouxin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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531
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Chandel AK, Antunes FAF, Anjos V, Bell MJV, Rodrigues LN, Polikarpov I, de Azevedo ER, Bernardinelli OD, Rosa CA, Pagnocca FC, da Silva SS. Multi-scale structural and chemical analysis of sugarcane bagasse in the process of sequential acid-base pretreatment and ethanol production by Scheffersomyces shehatae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:63. [PMID: 24739736 PMCID: PMC4005856 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy usage of gasoline, burgeoning fuel prices, and environmental issues have paved the way for the exploration of cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol production technologies are emerging and require continued technological advancements. One of the most challenging issues is the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for the desired sugars yields after enzymatic hydrolysis. We hypothesized that consecutive dilute sulfuric acid-dilute sodium hydroxide pretreatment would overcome the native recalcitrance of sugarcane bagasse (SB) by enhancing cellulase accessibility of the embedded cellulosic microfibrils. RESULTS SB hemicellulosic hydrolysate after concentration by vacuum evaporation and detoxification showed 30.89 g/l xylose along with other products (0.32 g/l glucose, 2.31 g/l arabinose, and 1.26 g/l acetic acid). The recovered cellulignin was subsequently delignified by sodium hydroxide mediated pretreatment. The acid-base pretreated material released 48.50 g/l total reducing sugars (0.91 g sugars/g cellulose amount in SB) after enzymatic hydrolysis. Ultra-structural mapping of acid-base pretreated and enzyme hydrolyzed SB by microscopic analysis (scanning electron microcopy (SEM), transmitted light microscopy (TLM), and spectroscopic analysis (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy) elucidated the molecular changes in hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin components of bagasse. The detoxified hemicellulosic hydrolysate was fermented by Scheffersomyces shehatae (syn. Candida shehatae UFMG HM 52.2) and resulted in 9.11 g/l ethanol production (yield 0.38 g/g) after 48 hours of fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysate when fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 174 revealed 8.13 g/l ethanol (yield 0.22 g/g) after 72 hours of fermentation. CONCLUSIONS Multi-scale structural studies of SB after sequential acid-base pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis showed marked changes in hemicellulose and lignin removal at molecular level. The cellulosic material showed high saccharification efficiency after enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicellulosic and cellulosic hydrolysates revealed moderate ethanol production by S. shehatae and S. cerevisiae under batch fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 116 12.602.810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe AF Antunes
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 116 12.602.810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virgilio Anjos
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria JV Bell
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonarde N Rodrigues
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R de Azevedo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Oigres D Bernardinelli
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Pagnocca
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, CIES/UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 116 12.602.810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
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532
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Jung YH, Park HM, Kim IJ, Park YC, Seo JH, Kim KH. One-pot pretreatment, saccharification and ethanol fermentation of lignocellulose based on acid–base mixture pretreatment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot pretreatment, saccharification and ethanol fermentation of lignocellulose, which is based on acid–base mixture pretreament, will greatly reduces the overall processing costs not only for the production of cellulosic ethanol but also for the lignocellulose-based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Jung
- Department of Biotechnology
- Korea University Graduate School
- Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology
- Korea University Graduate School
- Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology
- Korea University Graduate School
- Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Park
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology
- Kookmin University
- Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology
- Korea University Graduate School
- Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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533
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Nakhshiniev B, Biddinika MK, Gonzales HB, Sumida H, Yoshikawa K. Evaluation of hydrothermal treatment in enhancing rice straw compost stability and maturity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:306-13. [PMID: 24262840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the hydrothermal treatment (HTT) in enhancing compost stability and maturity of lignocellulosic agricultural residues, a bin-scale (90 L) composting of rice straw with and without "HTT" was performed. The rice straw compost product with "HTT" after 6 weeks of composting can be considered stable and adequate for field application as expressed by pH of 8.4, "EC value" of 2.96 dS m(-1), C/N ratio of 12.5, microbial activity of <8.05 mg CO2 g(-1) OM d(-1), NH4(+)-N content of 93.75 mg kg(-1) DM and finally, by "GI" of >83%. However, compost may prove phytotoxic if used as growing media for EC sensitive plants. As for rice straw compost product without "HTT", the high microbial activity (>12.28 mg CO2 g(-1) OM d(-1)) even after 14 weeks of composting suggests that the residue has not stabilized yet and is far away from stability and maturity, although a higher GI (>100%) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyor Nakhshiniev
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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534
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Driscoll MS, Stipanovic AJ, Cheng K, Barber VA, Manning M, Smith JL, Sundar S. Ionizing radiation and a wood-based biorefinery. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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535
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Abstract
Tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide containing water made a wet wood disk swollen and extracted polysaccharides without heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Abe
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
- Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Tatsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Biomass Chemistry
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
- Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
- Graduate School of Engineering
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536
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Experimental Study on Calcium Hydroxide-Assisted Delignification of Hydrothermally Treated Sweet Sorghum Bagasse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/684296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hydrothermally treated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) powder was treated using Ca(OH)2to extract the lignin from it. Changes in chemical composition of SSB and the formation of sugars and hydrolytic products were studied. The optimum conditions of 10% (g/g substrate) Ca(OH)2and 106.3 min of isothermal treatment residence time at 394 K resulted in 69.67 ± 1.26% of the lignin extracted from the hydrothermally treated SSB powder, producing a solid residue containing 68.29 ± 0.31% residual cellulose and 13.26 ± 0.32% residual lignin in it. The Ca(OH)2concentration and isothermal treatment residence time were significant in the responses observed. Treatment using Ca(OH)2is one of the potential processes for the on-farm processing of lignocellulosic materials.
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537
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Inoue H, Decker SR, Taylor LE, Yano S, Sawayama S. Identification and characterization of core cellulolytic enzymes from Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly Acremonium cellulolyticus) critical for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:151. [PMID: 25342974 PMCID: PMC4196096 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass is an essential process for the production of fermentable sugars for industrial use. A better understanding of fungal cellulase systems will provide clues for maximizing the hydrolysis of target biomass. Talaromyces cellulolyticus is a promising fungus for cellulase production and efficient biomass hydrolysis. Several cellulolytic enzymes purified from T. cellulolyticus were characterized in earlier studies, but the core enzymes critical for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass remain unknown. RESULTS Six cellulolytic enzymes critical for the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose were purified from T. cellulolyticus culture supernatant using an enzyme assay based on synergistic hydrolysis of Avicel. The purified enzymes were identified by their substrate specificities and analyses of trypsin-digested peptide fragments and were classified into the following glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families: GH3 (β-glucosidase, Bgl3A), GH5 (endoglucanase, Cel5A), GH6 (cellobiohydrolase II, Cel6A), GH7 (cellobiohydrolase I and endoglucanase, Cel7A and Cel7B, respectively), and GH10 (xylanase, Xyl10A). Hydrolysis of dilute acid-pretreated corn stover (PCS) with mixtures of the purified enzymes showed that Cel5A, Cel7B, and Xyl10A each had synergistic effects with a mixture of Cel6A and Cel7A. Cel5A seemed to be more effective in the synergistic hydrolysis of the PCS than Cel7B. The ratio of Cel5A, Cel6A, Cel7A, and Xyl10A was statistically optimized for the hydrolysis of PCS glucan in the presence of Bgl3A. The resultant mixture achieved higher PCS glucan hydrolysis at lower enzyme loading than a culture filtrate from T. cellulolyticus or a commercial enzyme preparation, demonstrating that the five enzymes play a role as core enzymes in the hydrolysis of PCS glucan. CONCLUSIONS Core cellulolytic enzymes in the T. cellulolyticus cellulase system were identified to Cel5A, Cel6A, Cel7A, Xyl10A, and Bgl3A and characterized. The optimized mixture of these five enzymes was highly effective for the hydrolysis of PCS glucan, providing a foundation for future improvement of the T. cellulolyticus cellulase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- />Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Stephen R Decker
- />Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Larry E Taylor
- />Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Shinichi Yano
- />Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Shigeki Sawayama
- />Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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538
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Choonut A, Saejong M, Sangkharak K. The Production of Ethanol and Hydrogen from Pineapple Peel by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Enterobacter Aerogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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539
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Khan MR, Khan MA, Alothman ZA, Alsohaimi IH, Naushad M, Al-Shaalan NH. Quantitative determination of methylene blue in environmental samples by solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a green approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial effluents with dyes may have appreciably high chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids, posing adverse effects to both humans and aquatic life; therefore, quantitative monitoring of these effluents is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid Abdullah Alothman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora H. Al-Shaalan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University
- Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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540
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Vanegas C, Hernon A, Bartlett J. Influence of Chemical, Mechanical, and Thermal Pretreatment on the Release of Macromolecules from Two Irish Seaweed Species. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.830131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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541
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Silveira RL, Stoyanov SR, Gusarov S, Skaf MS, Kovalenko A. Plant biomass recalcitrance: effect of hemicellulose composition on nanoscale forces that control cell wall strength. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19048-51. [PMID: 24274712 DOI: 10.1021/ja405634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to second-generation biofuels and valuable chemicals requires decomposition of resilient plant cell wall structure. Cell wall recalcitrance varies among plant species and even phenotypes, depending on the chemical composition of the noncellulosic matrix. Changing the amount and composition of branches attached to the hemicellulose backbone can significantly alter the cell wall strength and microstructure. We address the effect of hemicellulose composition on primary cell wall assembly forces by using the 3D-RISM-KH molecular theory of solvation, which provides statistical-mechanical sampling and molecular picture of hemicellulose arrangement around cellulose. We show that hemicellulose branches of arabinose, glucuronic acid, and especially glucuronate strengthen the primary cell wall by strongly coordinating to hydrogen bond donor sites on the cellulose surface. We reveal molecular forces maintaining the cell wall structure and provide directions for genetic modulation of plants and pretreatment design to render biomass more amenable to processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L Silveira
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
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542
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Recent advances in production of succinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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543
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Li J, Li S, Han B, Yu M, Li G, Jiang Y. A novel cost-effective technology to convert sucrose and homocelluloses in sweet sorghum stalks into ethanol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:174. [PMID: 24286508 PMCID: PMC4177127 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet sorghum is regarded as a very promising energy crop for ethanol production because it not only supplies grain and sugar, but also offers lignocellulosic resource. Cost-competitive ethanol production requires bioconversion of all carbohydrates in stalks including of both sucrose and lignocellulose hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. However, it is still a main challenge to reduce ethanol production cost and improve feasibility of industrial application. An integration of the different operations within the whole process is a potential solution. RESULTS An integrated process combined advanced solid-state fermentation technology (ASSF) and alkaline pretreatment was presented in this work. Soluble sugars in sweet sorghum stalks were firstly converted into ethanol by ASSF using crushed stalks directly. Then, the operation combining ethanol distillation and alkaline pretreatment was performed in one distillation-reactor simultaneously. The corresponding investigation indicated that the addition of alkali did not affect the ethanol recovery. The effect of three alkalis, NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2 on pretreatment were investigated. The results indicated the delignification of lignocellulose by NaOH and KOH was more significant than that by Ca(OH)2, and the highest removal of xylan was caused by NaOH. Moreover, an optimized alkali loading of 10% (w/w DM) NaOH was determined. Under this favorable pretreatment condition, enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse following pretreatment was investigated. 92.0% of glucan and 53.3% of xylan conversion were obtained at enzyme loading of 10 FPU/g glucan. The fermentation of hydrolyzed slurry was performed using an engineered stain, Zymomonas mobilis TSH-01. A mass balance of the overall process was calculated, and 91.9 kg was achieved from one tonne of fresh sweet sorghum stalk. CONCLUSIONS A low energy-consumption integrated technology for ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalks was presented in this work. Energy consumption for raw materials preparation and pretreatment were reduced or avoided in our process. Based on this technology, the recalcitrance of lignocellulose was destructed via a cost-efficient process and all sugars in sweet sorghum stalks lignocellulose were hydrolysed into fermentable sugars. Bioconversion of fermentable sugars released from sweet sorghum bagasse into different products except ethanol, such as butanol, biogas, and chemicals was feasible to operate under low energy-consumption conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, MOST-USDA joint research center for biofuels, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, MOST-USDA joint research center for biofuels, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, MOST-USDA joint research center for biofuels, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghui Yu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, MOST-USDA joint research center for biofuels, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, MOST-USDA joint research center for biofuels, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, MOST-USDA joint research center for biofuels, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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544
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Choi WI, Park JY, Lee JP, Oh YK, Park YC, Kim JS, Park JM, Kim CH, Lee JS. Optimization of NaOH-catalyzed steam pretreatment of empty fruit bunch. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:170. [PMID: 24286374 PMCID: PMC4176979 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empty fruit bunch (EFB) has many advantages, including its abundance, the fact that it does not require collection, and its year-round availability as a feedstock for bioethanol production. But before the significant costs incurred in ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can be reduced, an efficient sugar fractionation technology has to be developed. To that end, in the present study, an NaOH-catalyzed steam pretreatment process was applied in order to produce ethanol from EFB more efficiently. RESULTS The EFB pretreatment conditions were optimized by application of certain pretreatment variables such as, the NaOH concentrations in the soaking step and, in the steam step, the temperature and time. The optimal conditions were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) to be 3% NaOH for soaking and 160°C, 11 min 20 sec for steam pretreatment. Under these conditions, the overall glucan recovery and enzymatic digestibility were both high: the glucan and xylan yields were 93% and 78%, respectively, and the enzymatic digestibility was 88.8% for 72 h using 40 FPU/g glucan. After simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), the maximum ethanol yield and concentration were 0.88 and 29.4 g/l respectively. CONCLUSIONS Delignification (>85%) of EFB was an important factor in enzymatic hydrolysis using CTec2. NaOH-catalyzed steam pretreatment, which can remove lignin efficiently and requires only a short reaction time, was proven to be an effective pretreatment technology for EFB. The ethanol yield obtained by SSF, the key parameter determining the economics of ethanol, was 18% (w/w), equivalent to 88% of the theoretical maximum yield, which is a better result than have been reported in the relevant previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Choi
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Lee
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Jang Min Park
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea
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545
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Chang YC, Choi D, Takamizawa K, Kikuchi S. Isolation of Bacillus sp. strains capable of decomposing alkali lignin and their application in combination with lactic acid bacteria for enhancing cellulase performance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:429-36. [PMID: 24316485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Effective biological pretreatment method for enhancing cellulase performance was investigated. Two alkali lignin-degrading bacteria were isolated from forest soils in Japan and named CS-1 and CS-2. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that CS-1 and CS-2 were Bacillus sp. Strains CS-1 and CS-2 displayed alkali lignin degradation capability. With initial concentrations of 0.05-2.0 g L(-1), at least 61% alkali lignin could be degraded within 48 h. High laccase activities were observed in crude enzyme extracts from the isolated strains. This result indicated that alkali lignin degradation was correlated with laccase activities. Judging from the net yields of sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis, the most effective pretreatment method for enhancing cellulase performance was a two-step processing procedure (pretreatment using Bacillus sp. CS-1 followed by lactic acid bacteria) at 68.6%. These results suggest that the two-step pretreatment procedure is effective at accelerating cellulase performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Cheol Chang
- Division of Applied Sciences, College of Environmental Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050-8585, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Dubok Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kazuhiro Takamizawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kikuchi
- Division of Applied Sciences, College of Environmental Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050-8585, Hokkaido, Japan
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546
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Harun R, Yip JWS, Thiruvenkadam S, Ghani WAWAK, Cherrington T, Danquah MK. Algal biomass conversion to bioethanol - a step-by-step assessment. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:73-86. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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547
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Yang H, Chen Q, Wang K, Sun RC. Correlation between hemicelluloses-removal-induced hydrophilicity variation and the bioconversion efficiency of lignocelluloses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:539-544. [PMID: 24012850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish the correlation between hemicelluloses removal and bioconversion efficiency of cellulose, fractionation process with increasing NaOH concentration selectively released the hemicellulosic polymers with increasing molecular weight and decreasing degree of substitution. Not only the initial hydrolysis rates also the concentrations of glucose and ethanol were significantly enhanced from 5.93 and 8.39 g/L to the range of 8.67-9.60 g/L and 11.53-13.71 g/L after alkaline treatment, respectively. However, the maximum conversions of cellulose to glucose (61.9%) and ethanol (64.6%) were achieved as 33.0% hemicelluloses was still remained. Excluding the negligible effect on the crystal transformation of cellulose, the improvement of bioconversion efficiency was resulted from the synergetical effects of surface exposure, multi-layers collapse and the hydrophilic property of the cellulosic substrate. It is critical task to balance these factors by the partial removal of hemicellulosic component, not complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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548
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Chandel AK, Gonçalves BCM, Strap JL, da Silva SS. Biodelignification of lignocellulose substrates: An intrinsic and sustainable pretreatment strategy for clean energy production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:281-93. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.841638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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549
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Chaturvedi V, Verma P. An overview of key pretreatment processes employed for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value added products. 3 Biotech 2013; 3:415-431. [PMID: 28324338 PMCID: PMC3781263 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hunt for alternative sources of energy generation that are inexpensive, ecofriendly, renewable and can replace fossil fuels is on, owing to the increasing demands of energy. One approach in this direction is the conversion of plant residues into biofuels wherein lignocellulose, which forms the structural framework of plants consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is first broken down and hydrolyzed into simple fermentable sugars, which upon fermentation form biofuels such as ethanol. A major bottleneck is to disarray lignin which is present as a protective covering and makes cellulose and hemicellulose recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. A number of biomass deconstruction or pretreatment processes (physical, chemical and biological) have been used to break the structural framework of plants and depolymerize lignin. This review surveys and discusses some major pretreatment processes pertaining to the pretreatment of plant biomass, which are used for the production of biofuels and other value added products. The emphasis is given on processes that provide maximum amount of sugars, which are subsequently used for the production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
- Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, N.H. 8 Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan India
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550
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Zhang Z, Li W, Zhang G, Xu G. Impact of pretreatment on solid state anaerobic digestion of yard waste for biogas production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:547-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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