501
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Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Liberman J, Ascenção K, Flahaut M, Balmas Bourloud K, Yan P, Jauquier N, Gross N, Joseph JM. The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 Axis Is Involved in a Secondary but Complex Control of Neuroblastoma Metastatic Cell Homing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125616. [PMID: 25955316 PMCID: PMC4425663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most deadly solid tumors of the young child, for which new efficient and targeted therapies are strongly needed. The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis has been involved in the progression and organ-specific dissemination of various cancers. In NB, CXCR4 expression was shown to be associated to highly aggressive undifferentiated tumors, while CXCR7 expression was detected in more differentiated and mature neuroblastic tumors. As investigated in vivo, using an orthotopic model of tumor cell implantation of chemokine receptor-overexpressing NB cells (IGR-NB8), the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 axis was shown to regulate NB primary and secondary growth, although without any apparent influence on organ selective metastasis. In the present study, we addressed the selective role of CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors in the homing phase of metastatic dissemination using an intravenous model of tumor cell implantation. Tail vein injection into NOD-scid-gamma mice of transduced IGR-NB8 cells overexpressing CXCR4, CXCR7, or both receptors revealed that all transduced cell variants preferentially invaded the adrenal gland and typical NB metastatic target organs, such as the liver and the bone marrow. However, CXCR4 expression favored NB cell dissemination to the liver and the lungs, while CXCR7 was able to strongly promote NB cell homing to the adrenal gland and the liver. Finally, coexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors significantly and selectively increased NB dissemination toward the bone marrow. In conclusion, CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors may be involved in a complex and organ-dependent control of NB growth and selective homing, making these receptors and their inhibitors potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Julie Liberman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjorie Flahaut
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Balmas Bourloud
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pu Yan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jauquier
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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502
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JARID1B Expression Plays a Critical Role in Chemoresistance and Stem Cell-Like Phenotype of Neuroblastoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125343. [PMID: 25951238 PMCID: PMC4423965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common neural crest-derived extracranial solid cancer in children. Among all childhood cancers, NB causes devastating loss of young lives as it accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Neuroblastoma, especially high-risk stage 4 NB with MYCN amplification has limited treatment options and associated with poor prognosis. This necessitates the need for novel effective therapeutic strategy. JARID1B, also known as KDM5B, is a histone lysine demethylase, identified as an oncogene in many cancer types. Clinical data obtained from freely-accessible databases show a negative correlation between JARID1B expression and survival rates. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the role of JARID1B in the enhancement of stem cell-like activities and drug resistance in NB cells. We showed that JARID1B may be overexpressed in either MYCN amplification (SK-N-BE(2)) or MYCN-non-amplified (SK-N-SH and SK-N-FI) cell lines. JARID1B expression was found enriched in tumor spheres of SK-N-BE(2) and SK-N-DZ. Moreover, SK-N-BE(2) spheroids were more resistant to chemotherapeutics as compared to parental cells. In addition, we demonstrated that JARID1B-silenced cells acquired a decreased propensity for tumor invasion and tumorsphere formation, but increased sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, reduced JARID1B expression led to the downregulation of Notch/Jagged signaling. Collectively, we provided evidence that JARID1B via modulation of stemness-related signaling is a putative novel therapeutic target for treating malignant NB.
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503
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Emdal KB, Pedersen AK, Bekker-Jensen DB, Tsafou KP, Horn H, Lindner S, Schulte JH, Eggert A, Jensen LJ, Francavilla C, Olsen JV. Temporal proteomics of NGF-TrkA signaling identifies an inhibitory role for the E3 ligase Cbl-b in neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra40. [PMID: 25921289 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells respond to nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated activation of the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) with neurite outgrowth, thereby providing a model to study neuronal differentiation. We performed a time-resolved analysis of NGF-TrkA signaling in neuroblastoma cells using mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. The combination of interactome, phosphoproteome, and proteome data provided temporal insights into the molecular events downstream of NGF binding to TrkA. We showed that upon NGF stimulation, TrkA recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, which then becomes phosphorylated and ubiquitylated and decreases in abundance. We also found that recruitment of Cbl-b promotes TrkA ubiquitylation and degradation. Furthermore, the amount of phosphorylation of the kinase ERK and neurite outgrowth increased upon Cbl-b depletion in several neuroblastoma cell lines. Our findings suggest that Cbl-b limits NGF-TrkA signaling to control the length of neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Emdal
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Kathrine Pedersen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Bekker-Jensen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kalliopi P Tsafou
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heiko Horn
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars J Jensen
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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504
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Montavon G, Jauquier N, Coulon A, Peuchmaur M, Flahaut M, Bourloud KB, Yan P, Delattre O, Sommer L, Joseph JM, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Gross N, Mühlethaler-Mottet A. Wild-type ALK and activating ALK-R1275Q and ALK-F1174L mutations upregulate Myc and initiate tumor formation in murine neural crest progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4452-66. [PMID: 24947326 PMCID: PMC4147337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is overexpressed, mutated or amplified in most neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric neural crest-derived embryonal tumor. The two most frequent mutations, ALK-F1174L and ALK-R1275Q, contribute to NB tumorigenesis in mouse models, and cooperate with MYCN in the oncogenic process. However, the precise role of activating ALK mutations or ALK-wt overexpression in NB tumor initiation needs further clarification. Human ALK-wt, ALK-F1174L, or ALK-R1275Q were stably expressed in murine neural crest progenitor cells (NCPC), MONC-1 or JoMa1, immortalized with v-Myc or Tamoxifen-inducible Myc-ERT, respectively. While orthotopic implantations of MONC-1 parental cells in nude mice generated various tumor types, such as NB, osteo/chondrosarcoma, and undifferentiated tumors, due to v-Myc oncogenic activity, MONC-1-ALK-F1174L cells only produced undifferentiated tumors. Furthermore, our data represent the first demonstration of ALK-wt transforming capacity, as ALK-wt expression in JoMa1 cells, likewise ALK-F1174L, or ALK-R1275Q, in absence of exogenous Myc-ERT activity, was sufficient to induce the formation of aggressive and undifferentiated neural crest cell-derived tumors, but not to drive NB development. Interestingly, JoMa1-ALK tumors and their derived cell lines upregulated Myc endogenous expression, resulting from ALK activation, and both ALK and Myc activities were necessary to confer tumorigenic properties on tumor-derived JoMa1 cells in vitro.
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505
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Shoji W, Suenaga Y, Kaneko Y, Islam SMR, Alagu J, Yokoi S, Nio M, Nakagawara A. NCYM promotes calpain-mediated Myc-nick production in human MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:501-6. [PMID: 25896758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NCYM is a cis-antisense gene of MYCN and is amplified in human neuroblastomas. High NCYM expression is associated with poor prognoses, and the NCYM protein stabilizes MYCN to promote proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of NCYM in the regulation of cell survival have remained poorly characterized. Here we show that NCYM promotes cleavage of MYCN to produce the anti-apoptotic protein, Myc-nick, both in vitro and in vivo. NCYM and Myc-nick were induced at G2/M phase, and NCYM knockdown induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by Myc-nick downregulation. These results reveal a novel function of NCYM as a regulator of Myc-nick production in human neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shoji
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan; Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Kaneko
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - S M Rafiqul Islam
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Jennifer Alagu
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Sana Yokoi
- Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Masaki Nio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
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506
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Stewart E, Shelat A, Bradley C, Chen X, Federico S, Thiagarajan S, Shirinifard A, Bahrami A, Pappo A, Qu C, Finkelstein D, Sablauer A, Dyer MA. Development and characterization of a human orthotopic neuroblastoma xenograft. Dev Biol 2015; 407:344-55. [PMID: 25863122 PMCID: PMC4995597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing sympathoadrenal lineage. The tumors are known to develop from the adrenal gland or paraspinal ganglia and have molecular and cellular features of sympathetic neurons such as dense core vesicles and catecholamine production. Here we present the detailed molecular, cellular, genetic and epigenetic characterization of an orthotopic xenograft derived from a high-risk stage 4 neuroblastoma patient. Overall, the xenografted tumor retained the high risk features of the primary tumor and showed aggressive growth and metastasis in the mouse. Also, the genome was preserved with no additional copy number variations, structural variations or aneuploidy. There were 13 missense mutations identified in the xenograft that were not present in the patient's primary tumor and there were no new nonsense mutations. None of the missense mutations acquired in the xenograft were in known cancer genes. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using the orthotopic neuroblastoma xenograft to test standard of care chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapeutics. Finally, we optimized a new approach to produce primary cultures of the neuroblastoma xenografts for high-throughput drug screening which can be used to test new combinations of therapeutic agents for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cori Bradley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sara Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Suresh Thiagarajan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Abbas Shirinifard
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andras Sablauer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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507
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Zhao Q, Ahmed M, Guo HF, Cheung IY, Cheung NKV. Alteration of Electrostatic Surface Potential Enhances Affinity and Tumor Killing Properties of Anti-ganglioside GD2 Monoclonal Antibody hu3F8. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13017-27. [PMID: 25851904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GD2 is highly expressed on neuroectodermal tumors and an attractive therapeutic target for antibodies that have already shown some clinical efficacy. To further improve the current antibodies, which have modest affinity, we sought to improve affinity by using a combined method of random mutagenesis and in silico assisted design to affinity-mature the anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu3F8. Using yeast display, mutants in the Fv with enhanced binding over the parental clone were FACS-sorted and cloned. In silico modeling identified the minimal key interacting residues involved in the important charged interactions with the sialic acid groups of GD2. Two mutations, D32H (L-CDR1) and E1K (L-FR1) altered the electrostatic surface potential of the antigen binding site, allowing for an increase in positive charge to enhance the interaction with the negatively charged GD2-pentasaccharide headgroup. Purified scFv and IgG mutant forms were then tested for antigen specificity by ELISA, for tissue specificity by immunohistochemistry, for affinity by BIACORE, for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro, and for anti-tumor efficacy in xenografted humanized mice. The nearly 7-fold improvement in affinity of hu3F8 with a single D32H (L-CDR1) mutation translated into a ∼12-fold improvement in NK92MI-transfected CD16-mediated ADCC, a 6-fold improvement in CD32-mediated ADCC, and a 2.5-fold improvement in complement-mediated cytotoxicity while maintaining restricted normal tissue cross-reactivity and achieving substantial improvement in tumor ablation in vivo. Despite increasing GD2 affinity, the double mutation D32H (L-CDR1) and E1K (L-FR1) did not further improve anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Mahiuddin Ahmed
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Hong-fen Guo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Irene Y Cheung
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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508
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Mina M, Boldrini R, Citti A, Romania P, D'Alicandro V, De Ioris M, Castellano A, Furlanello C, Locatelli F, Fruci D. Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes improve clinical outcome of therapy-resistant neuroblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1019981. [PMID: 26405592 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1019981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma grows within an intricate network of different cell types including epithelial, stromal and immune cells. The presence of tumor-infiltrating T cells is considered an important prognostic indicator in many cancers, but the role of these cells in neuroblastoma remains to be elucidated. Herein, we examined the relationship between the type, density and organization of infiltrating T cells and clinical outcome within a large collection of neuroblastoma samples by quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical staining. We found that infiltrating T cells have a prognostic value greater than, and independent of, the criteria currently used to stage neuroblastoma. A variable in situ structural organization and different concurrent infiltration of T-cell subsets were detected in tumors with various outcomes. Low-risk neuroblastomas were characterized by a higher number of proliferating T cells and a more structured T-cell organization, which was gradually lost in tumors with poor prognosis. We defined an immunoscore based on the presence of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ infiltrating T cells that associates with favorable clinical outcome in MYCN-amplified tumors, improving patient survival when combined with the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) status. These findings support the hypothesis that infiltrating T cells influence the behavior of neuroblastoma and might be of clinical importance for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Boldrini
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Citti
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Romania
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Alicandro
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - Maretta De Ioris
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy ; University of Pavia ; Pavia, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department; IRCCS; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
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509
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Chevalier N, Gross N, Widmann C. Assessment of the chemosensitizing activity of TAT-RasGAP317-326 in childhood cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120487. [PMID: 25826368 PMCID: PMC4380404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current anti-cancer protocols are reasonably effective, treatment-associated long-term side effects, induced by lack of specificity of the anti-cancer procedures, remain a challenging problem in pediatric oncology. TAT-RasGAP317-326 is a RasGAP-derived cell-permeable peptide that acts as a sensitizer to various anti-cancer treatments in adult tumor cells. In the present study, we assessed the effect of TAT-RasGAP317-326 in several childhood cancer cell lines. The RasGAP-derived peptide-induced cell death was analyzed in several neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma and leukemia cell lines (as well as in normal lymphocytes). Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry methods in the absence or in the presence of the peptide in combination with various genotoxins used in the clinics (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine and doxorubicin). All tested pediatric tumors, in response to at least one genotoxin, were sensitized by TAT-RasGAP317-326. The RasGAP-derived peptide did not increase cell death of normal lymphocytes, alone or in combination with the majority of the tested chemotherapies. Consequently, TAT-RasGAP317-326 may benefit children with tumors by increasing the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies notably by allowing reductions in anti-cancer drug dosage and the associated drug-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Chevalier
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross
- Paediatric Oncology Research Unit, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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510
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Lambertz I, Kumps C, Claeys S, Lindner S, Beckers A, Janssens E, Carter DR, Cazes A, Cheung BB, De Mariano M, De Bondt A, De Brouwer S, Delattre O, Gibbons J, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Laureys G, Liang C, Marchall GM, Porcu M, Takita J, Trujillo DC, Van Den Wyngaert I, Van Roy N, Van Goethem A, Van Maerken T, Zabrocki P, Cools J, Schulte JH, Vialard J, Speleman F, De Preter K. Upregulation of MAPK Negative Feedback Regulators and RET in Mutant ALK Neuroblastoma: Implications for Targeted Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3327-39. [PMID: 25805801 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activating ALK mutations are present in almost 10% of primary neuroblastomas and mark patients for treatment with small-molecule ALK inhibitors in clinical trials. However, recent studies have shown that multiple mechanisms drive resistance to these molecular therapies. We anticipated that detailed mapping of the oncogenic ALK-driven signaling in neuroblastoma can aid to identify potential fragile nodes as additional targets for combination therapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To achieve this goal, transcriptome profiling was performed in neuroblastoma cell lines with the ALK(F1174L) or ALK(R1275Q) hotspot mutations, ALK amplification, or wild-type ALK following pharmacologic inhibition of ALK using four different compounds. Next, we performed cross-species genomic analyses to identify commonly transcriptionally perturbed genes in MYCN/ALK(F1174L) double transgenic versus MYCN transgenic mouse tumors as compared with the mutant ALK-driven transcriptome in human neuroblastomas. RESULTS A 77-gene ALK signature was established and successfully validated in primary neuroblastoma samples, in a neuroblastoma cell line with ALK(F1174L) and ALK(R1275Q) regulable overexpression constructs and in other ALKomas. In addition to the previously established PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and MYC/MYCN signaling branches, we identified that mutant ALK drives a strong upregulation of MAPK negative feedback regulators and upregulates RET and RET-driven sympathetic neuronal markers of the cholinergic lineage. CONCLUSIONS We provide important novel insights into the transcriptional consequences and the complexity of mutant ALK signaling in this aggressive pediatric tumor. The negative feedback loop of MAPK pathway inhibitors may affect novel ALK inhibition therapies, whereas mutant ALK induced RET signaling can offer novel opportunities for testing ALK-RET oriented molecular combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lambertz
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Candy Kumps
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shana Claeys
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Anneleen Beckers
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydneys Children's Hospital, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alex Cazes
- Unité Inserm U830, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydneys Children's Hospital, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marilena De Mariano
- Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - An De Bondt
- Oncology Discovery Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sara De Brouwer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Unité Inserm U830, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jay Gibbons
- VP Oncology, Xcovery LLC, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | | | - Geneviève Laureys
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Liang
- VP Oncology, Xcovery LLC, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Glenn M Marchall
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydneys Children's Hospital, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Porcu
- Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ilse Van Den Wyngaert
- Oncology Discovery Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Van Goethem
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piotr Zabrocki
- Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cools
- Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany. Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jorge Vialard
- Oncology Discovery Biology, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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511
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Li Y, Li R, Zhu S, Zhou R, Wang L, DU J, Wang Y, Zhou B, Mai L. Cordycepin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and BE(2)-M17 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2541-2547. [PMID: 26137103 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin, also termed 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine that represents a potential novel class of anticancer drugs targeting the 3' untranslated region of RNAs. Cordycepin has been reported to induce apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines, but the effects of cordycepin on human neuroblastoma cells have not been studied. In the present study, an MTT assay revealed that cordycepin inhibits the viability of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and BE(2)-M17 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, cordycepin increases the early-apoptotic cell population of SK-N-SH cells, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by cordycepin was further confirmed by western blotting, which revealed cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 in the SK-N-SH and BE(2)-M17 cells. Cordycepin also induced the formation of a punctate pattern of light-chain 3 (LC3)-associated green fluorescence in the SK-N-SH cells transfected with a pEGFP-LC3 vector. Furthermore, western blotting revealed cleavage of LC3 A/B in cordycepin-treated neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Taken together, the results indicate that cordycepin significantly increases apoptosis and autophagy in neuroblastoma cells, and may therefore be a drug candidate for neuroblastoma therapy, but requires additional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China ; Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Shenglang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Ruyun Zhou
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Rheumatology, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Jihui DU
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Mai
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
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512
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Bell JL, Turlapati R, Liu T, Schulte JH, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 harbors prognostic significance by gene gain and diverse expression in neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1285-93. [PMID: 25753434 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.9880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosomal 17q21-ter gain in neuroblastoma is both a common and prognostically significant event. The insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) gene is located near the proximal edge of this region. Here, its prognostic value is evaluated in neuroblastoma. METHODS The mRNA expression of IGF2BP family members was first evaluated by microarray data sets. In addition, in a separate cohort of 69 tumors, IGF2BP1 gene copy number, mRNA, and protein abundance were determined and compared with clinical parameters. RESULTS In two independent microarray data sets, 77% to 100% of tumors had substantial IGF2BP1 mRNA levels measured. High IGF2BP1 transcript abundance was significantly associated with stage 4 tumors (P < .001) and decreased patient survival (P < .001). IGF2BP1 was also associated with MYCN gene amplification and MYCN mRNA abundance. In the 69 neuroblastoma samples, IGF2BP1 DNA copy number (increased in 84% of tumors), mRNA, and protein abundance were significantly higher in stage 4 compared with stage 1 tumors. Importantly, IGF2BP1 protein levels were associated with lower overall patient survival (P = .012) and positively correlated with MYCN mRNA, even when excluding MYCN-amplified tumors. Moreover, IGF2BP1 clearly affected MYCN expression and neuroblastoma cell survival in vitro. CONCLUSION In neuroblastoma, IGF2BP1 was expressed in the majority of neuroblastoma specimens analyzed and was associated with lower overall patient survival and MYCN abundance. These data demonstrate that IGF2BP1 is a potential oncogene and an independent negative prognostic factor in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bell
- Jessica L. Bell, Raseswari Turlapati, and Stefan Hüttelmaier, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle; Johannes H. Schulte, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen; Johannes H. Schulte, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Tao Liu, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research and University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raseswari Turlapati
- Jessica L. Bell, Raseswari Turlapati, and Stefan Hüttelmaier, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle; Johannes H. Schulte, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen; Johannes H. Schulte, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Tao Liu, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research and University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Jessica L. Bell, Raseswari Turlapati, and Stefan Hüttelmaier, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle; Johannes H. Schulte, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen; Johannes H. Schulte, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Tao Liu, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research and University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Jessica L. Bell, Raseswari Turlapati, and Stefan Hüttelmaier, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle; Johannes H. Schulte, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen; Johannes H. Schulte, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Tao Liu, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research and University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Jessica L. Bell, Raseswari Turlapati, and Stefan Hüttelmaier, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle; Johannes H. Schulte, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen; Johannes H. Schulte, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and Tao Liu, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research and University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
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513
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Sidarovich V, Adami V, Quattrone A. High-throughput screening for chemical modulators of post-transcriptionally regulated genes. J Vis Exp 2015:52568. [PMID: 25867708 PMCID: PMC4401173 DOI: 10.3791/52568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have a profound impact on genes expression. However, commonly adopted cell-based screening assays focus on transcriptional regulation, being essentially aimed at the identification of promoter-targeting molecules. As a result, post-transcriptional mechanisms are largely uncovered by gene expression targeted drug development. Here we describe a cell-based assay aimed at investigating the role of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) in the modulation of the fate of its mRNA, and at identifying compounds able to modify it. The assay is based on the use of a luciferase reporter construct containing the 3' UTR of a gene of interest stably integrated into a disease-relevant cell line. The protocol is divided into two parts, with the initial focus on the primary screening aimed at the identification of molecules affecting luciferase activity after 24 hr of treatment. The second part of the protocol describes the counter-screening necessary to discriminate compounds modulating luciferase activity specifically through the 3' UTR. In addition to the detailed protocol and representative results, we provide important considerations about the assay development and the validation of the hit(s) on the endogenous target. The described cell-based reporter gene assay will allow scientists to identify molecules modulating protein levels via post-transcriptional mechanisms dependent on a 3' UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoryia Sidarovich
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento;
| | - Valentina Adami
- High Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento
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514
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HaDuong JH, Blavier L, Baniwal SK, Frenkel B, Malvar J, Punj V, Sposto R, DeClerck YA. Interaction between bone marrow stromal cells and neuroblastoma cells leads to a VEGFA-mediated osteoblastogenesis. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:797-809. [PMID: 25648303 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of osteoblasts in bone and bone marrow (BM) metastases in neuroblastoma (NBL) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of NBL cells on the osteoblastic differentiation of BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSC). We show that the presence of NBL cells enhanced the osteoblastic differentiation of BMMSC driven by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, in the absence of any effect on NBL cell proliferation. Expression profiles of BMMSC driven toward osteoblastic differentiation revealed an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) expression in the presence of NBL cells. We demonstrated that NBL cells increased BMMSC-derived VEGFA mRNA and protein and that this was enhanced by BMP-4. However, in similar conditions, neither the addition of an mVEGFA blocking antibody nor exogenous recombinant (r) mVEGFA affected osteoblastic differentiation. In contrast, siRNA- mediated knock-down of VEGFA in BMMSC prevented osteoblastic differentiation in BMP-4-treated cocultures, an effect that was not reversed in the presence of rmVEGFA. An analysis of murine bones injected with hNBL cells revealed an increase of mVEGFA producing cells near tumor cells concomitantly with an increase in Vegfa and Runx2 mRNA. This coincided with an increase in osteoclasts, in Rankl/Opg mRNA ratio and with the formation of osteolytic lesions. Thus NBL cells promote osteoblastogenesis in the BM by increasing VEGFA expression in BMMSC. Our study provides a new insight into the role of VEGFA in NBL metastases by pointing to the role of stroma-derived intracrine VEGFA in osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine H HaDuong
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laurence Blavier
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sanjeev K Baniwal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jemily Malvar
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Bioinformatics Core and Division of Hematology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Sposto
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yves A DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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515
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von Stedingk K, De Preter K, Vandesompele J, Noguera R, Øra I, Koster J, Versteeg R, Påhlman S, Lindgren D, Axelson H. Individual patient risk stratification of high-risk neuroblastomas using a two-gene score suited for clinical use. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:868-77. [PMID: 25652004 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several gene expression-based prognostic signatures have been described in neuroblastoma, but none have successfully been applied in the clinic. Here we have developed a clinically applicable prognostic gene signature, both with regards to number of genes and analysis platform. Importantly, it does not require comparison between patients and is applicable amongst high-risk patients. The signature is based on a two-gene score (R-score) with prognostic power in high-stage tumours (stage 4 and/or MYCN-amplified diagnosed after 18 months of age). QPCR-based and array-based analyses of matched cDNAs confirmed cross platform (array-qPCR) transferability. We also defined a fixed cut-off value identifying prognostically differing subsets of high-risk patients on an individual patient basis. This gene expression signature independently contributes to the current neuroblastoma classification system, and if prospectively validated could provide further stratification of high-risk patients, and potential upfront identification of a group of patients that are in need of new/additional treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Lindgren
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Axelson
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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516
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Lopez-Delisle L, Pierre-Eugène C, Bloch-Gallego E, Birling MC, Duband JL, Durand E, Bourgeois T, Matrot B, Sorg T, Huerre M, Meziane H, Roux MJ, Champy MF, Gallego J, Delattre O, Janoueix-Lerosey I. Hyperactivation of Alk induces neonatal lethality in knock-in AlkF1178L mice. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2703-13. [PMID: 24811761 PMCID: PMC4058038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor preferentially expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. A syndromic presentation associating congenital neuroblastoma with severe encephalopathy and an abnormal shape of the brainstem has been described in patients harbouring de novo germline F1174V and F1245V ALK mutations. Here, we investigated the phenotype of knock-in (KI) mice bearing the AlkF1178L mutation (F1174L in human). Although heterozygous KI mice did not reproduce the severe breathing and feeding difficulties observed in human patients, behavioral tests documented a reduced activity during dark phases and an increased anxiety of mutated mice. Matings of heterozygotes yielded the expected proportions of wild-type, heterozygotes and homozygotes at birth but a high neonatal lethality was noticed for homozygotes. We documented Alk expression in several motor nuclei of the brainstem involved in the control of sucking and swallowing. Evaluation of basic physiological functions 12 hours after birth revealed slightly more apneas but a dramatic reduced milk intake for homozygotes compared to control littermates. Overall, our data demonstrate that Alk activation above a critical threshold is not compatible with survival in mice, in agreement with the extremely severe phenotype of patients carrying aggressive de novo ALK germline mutations.
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517
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of infancy. Amplification of MYCN oncogene is found in approximately 20 % of all neuroblastoma patients and correlates with advanced disease stages, rapid tumor progression, and poor prognosis, making this gene an obvious therapeutic target. However, being a transcriptional factor MYCN is difficult for pharmacological targeting, and there are currently no clinical trials aiming MYCN protein directly. Here we describe an alternative approach to address deregulated MYCN expression. In particular, we focus on the role of a 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the MYCN gene in the modulation of its mRNA fate and identification of compounds able to affect it. The luciferase reporter construct with the full length MYCN 3′UTR was generated and subsequently integrated in the CHP134 neuroblastoma cell line. After validation, the assay was used to screen a 2000 compound library. Molecules affecting luciferase activity were checked for reproducibility and counter-screened for promoter effects and cytotoxic activity resulting in selection of four hits. We propose this cell-based reporter gene assay as a valuable tool to screen chemical libraries for compounds modulating post-transcriptional control mechanisms. Identification of such compounds could potentially result in development of clinically relevant therapeutics for various diseases including neuroblastoma.
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518
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Chen X, Pappo A, Dyer MA. Pediatric solid tumor genomics and developmental pliancy. Oncogene 2015; 34:5207-15. [PMID: 25639868 PMCID: PMC4522402 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors are remarkably diverse in their cellular origins, developmental timing and clinical features. Over the last 5 years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the genetic lesions that contribute to the initiation and progression of pediatric solid tumors. To date, over 1000 pediatric solid tumors have been analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing. These genomic data provide the foundation to launch new research efforts to address one of the fundamental questions in cancer biology—why are some cells more susceptible to malignant transformation by particular genetic lesions at discrete developmental stages than others? Because of their developmental, molecular, cellular and genetic diversity, pediatric solid tumors provide an ideal platform to begin to answer this question. In this review, we highlight the diversity of pediatric solid tumors and provide a new framework for studying the cellular and developmental origins of pediatric cancer. We also introduce a new unifying concept called cellular pliancy as a possible explanation for susceptibility to cancer and the developmental origins of pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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519
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the third most common pediatric cancer. Although NB accounts for 7% of pediatric malignancies, it is responsible for more than 10% of childhood cancer-related mortality. Prognosis and treatment are determined by clinical and biological risk factors. Estimated 5-year survival rates for patients with non-high-risk and high-risk NB are more than 90% and less than 50%, respectively. Recent clinical trials have continued to reduce therapy for patients with non-high-risk NB, including the most favorable subsets who are often followed with observation approaches. In contrast, high-risk patients are treated aggressively with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and myeloablative and immunotherapies.
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520
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Wongtrakoongate P. Epigenetic therapy of cancer stem and progenitor cells by targeting DNA methylation machineries. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:137-148. [PMID: 25621113 PMCID: PMC4300924 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell biology have shed light on how normal stem and progenitor cells can evolve to acquire malignant characteristics during tumorigenesis. The cancer counterparts of normal stem and progenitor cells might be occurred through alterations of stem cell fates including an increase in self-renewal capability and a decrease in differentiation and/or apoptosis. This oncogenic evolution of cancer stem and progenitor cells, which often associates with aggressive phenotypes of the tumorigenic cells, is controlled in part by dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms including aberrant DNA methylation leading to abnormal epigenetic memory. Epigenetic therapy by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B via 5-Azacytidine (Aza) and 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (Aza-dC) has proved to be successful toward treatment of hematologic neoplasms especially for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms underlying the inhibition of DNA methylation by Aza and Aza-dC, and of their apoptotic- and differentiation-inducing effects on cancer stem and progenitor cells in leukemia, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and testicular germ cell tumors. Since cancer stem and progenitor cells are implicated in cancer aggressiveness such as tumor formation, progression, metastasis and recurrence, I propose that effective therapeutic strategies might be achieved through eradication of cancer stem and progenitor cells by targeting the DNA methylation machineries to interfere their “malignant memory”.
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521
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The P2X7 receptor is a key modulator of the PI3K/GSK3β/VEGF signaling network: evidence in experimental neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2015; 34:5240-51. [PMID: 25619831 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive pediatric tumor, responsible for 15% of cancer-related deaths in childhood, lacking an effective treatment in its advanced stages. The P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP was associated to NB cell proliferation and recently emerged as a promoter of tumor engraftment, growth and vascularization. In an effort to identify new therapeutic options for neuroblastoma, we studied the role of P2X7 receptor in NB biology. We first analyzed the effect of P2X7 activation or down-modulation of the main biochemical ways involved in NB progression: the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/MYCN and the HIF1α/VEGF pathways. In ACN human NB cells, P2X7 stimulation enhanced PI3K/Akt, while decreasing GSK3β activity. In the same model, P2X7 silencing or antagonist administration reduced the activity of PI3K/Akt and increased that of GSK3β, leading to a decrease in cellular glycogen stores. Similarly, P2X7 downmodulation caused a reduction in HIF1α levels and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Systemic administration of two different P2X7 antagonists (AZ10606120 or A740003) in nude/nude mice reduced ACN-derived tumor growth. An even stronger effect of P2X7 blockade was obtained in a syngeneic immune-competent neuroblastoma model: Neuro2A cells injected in AlbinoJ mice. Together with tumor regression, treatment with P2X7 antagonists caused downmodulation of the Akt/HIF1α axis, leading to reduced VEGF content and decreased vessel formation. Interestingly, in both experimental models, P2X7 antagonists strongly reduced the expression of the probably best-accepted oncogene in NB: MYCN. Finally, we associated P2X7 overexpression with poor prognosis in advanced-stage NB patients. Taken together, our data suggest that P2X7 receptor is an upstream regulator of the main signaling pathways involved in NB growth, metabolic activity and angiogenesis, and a promising therapeutic target for neuroblastoma treatment.
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522
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Russo A, Okur MN, Bosland M, O'Bryan JP. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, class 2 beta (PI3KC2β) isoform contributes to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:262-8. [PMID: 25622909 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play important roles in human tumorigenesis. Activation of the PI3K target AKT is frequent in neuroblastoma (NB) and correlates with poor prognosis. PI3K pan-inhibitors reduce NB tumor formation but present severe toxicity, which limits their therapeutic potential. Therefore, defining the importance of specific PI3K isoforms may aid in developing more effective therapeutic strategies. We previously demonstrated that PI3K Class IIβ (PI3KC2β) and its regulator intersectin 1 (ITSN1) are highly expressed in primary NB tumors and cell lines. Silencing ITSN1 dramatically reduced the tumorigenic potential of NB cells. Interestingly, overexpression of PI3KC2β rescued the anchorage-independent growth of ITSN1-silenced cells suggesting that PI3KC2β mediates ITSN1's function in NB cells. To address the importance of PI3KC2β in NBs, we generated PI3KC2β-silenced lines and examined their biologic activity. Herein, we demonstrate that PI3KC2β-silencing inhibits early stages of NB tumorigenic growth. We also show that loss of endogenous PI3KC2β or ITSN1 reduces AKT activation but does not impact ERK-MAPK activation. These data reveal a novel role for PI3KC2β in human NB tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Russo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Mustafa Nazir Okur
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maarten Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
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523
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Suzuki M, Cheung NKV. Disialoganglioside GD2 as a therapeutic target for human diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:349-62. [PMID: 25604432 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.986459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ganglioside GD2 is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, overexpressed among pediatric and adult solid tumors, including neuroblastoma, glioma, retinoblastoma, Ewing's family of tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, small cell lung cancer and melanoma. It is also found on stem cells, neurons, some nerve fibers and basal layer of the skin. AREAS COVERED GD2 provides a promising clinical target for radiolabeled antibodies, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, drug conjugates, nanoparticles and vaccines. Here, we review its biochemistry, normal physiology, role in tumorigenesis, important characteristics as a target, as well as anti-GD2-targeted strategies. EXPERT OPINION Bridging the knowledge gaps in understanding the interactions of GD2 with signaling molecules within the glycosynapses, and the regulation of its cellular expression should improve therapeutic strategies targeting this ganglioside. In addition to anti-GD2 IgG mAbs, their drug conjugates, radiolabeled forms especially when genetically engineered to improve therapeutic index and novel bispecific forms or CARs to retarget T-cells are promising candidates for treating metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Suzuki
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics , 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 , USA +1 646 888 2313 ; +1 631 422 0452 ;
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524
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Sidarovich V, Adami V, Gatto P, Greco V, Tebaldi T, Tonini GP, Quattrone A. Translational downregulation of HSP90 expression by iron chelators in neuroblastoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:513-24. [PMID: 25564462 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential cellular nutrient, being a critical cofactor of several proteins involved in cell growth and replication. Compared with normal cells, neoplastic cells have been shown to require a greater amount of iron, thus laying the basis for the promising anticancer activity of iron chelators. In this work, we evaluated the effects of molecules with iron chelation activity on neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines. Of the 17 iron chelators tested, six reduced cell viability of two NB cell lines with an inhibition of growth of 50% below 10 µM; four of the six molecules-ciclopirox olamine (CPX), piroctone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and deferasirox-were also shown to efficiently chelate intracellular iron within minutes after addition. Effects on cell viability of one of the compounds, CPX, were indeed dependent on chelation of intracellular iron and mediated by both G0/G1 cell cycle block and induction of apoptosis. By combined transcriptome and translatome profiling we identified early translational downregulation of several members of the heat shock protein group as a specific effect of CPX treatment. We functionally confirmed iron-dependent depletion of HSP90 and its client proteins at pharmacologically achievable concentrations of CPX, and we extended this effect to piroctone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and deferasirox. Given the documented sensitivity of NB cells to HSP90 inhibition, we propose CPX and other iron chelators as investigational antitumor agents in NB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoryia Sidarovich
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
| | - Valentina Adami
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
| | - Pamela Gatto
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.S., P.G., V.G., T.T., A.Q.); High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (V.A.); and Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy (G.P.T.)
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525
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Penter L, Maier B, Frede U, Hackner B, Carell T, Hagemeier C, Truss M. A rapid screening system evaluates novel inhibitors of DNA methylation and suggests F-box proteins as potential therapeutic targets for high-risk neuroblastoma. Target Oncol 2015; 10:523-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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526
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Cheung NKV, Ostrovnaya I, Kuk D, Cheung IY. Bone marrow minimal residual disease was an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival after anti-GD2 immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:755-63. [PMID: 25559819 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.57.6777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy is a standard of care for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, where bone marrow (BM) is the predominant metastatic site. Early response markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the BM that are also predictive of survival could help individualize patient therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS After achieving first remission (n = 163), primary refractory disease (n = 102), or second remission (n = 95), children with stage 4 neuroblastoma received anti-GD2 3F8 antibody immunotherapy. BM MRD before 3F8 treatment and after cycle 2 (postMRD) was measured using a four-marker panel (B4GALNT1, PHOX2B, CCND1, and ISL1) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were tested in both univariable and multivariable analyses, and MRD markers were further assessed individually and in combination as binary composite (postMRD: 0 and 1) and as equal sum (postMRDSum: 0 to 4) using the Cox regression models, and their predictive accuracy was determined by the concordance index. RESULTS When BM was evaluated after cycle 2, individual markers were highly predictive of PFS and OS. The prediction accuracy improved when they were combined in postMRDSum. A multivariable model taking into account all the variables significant in the univariable analyses identified postMRDSum to be independently predictive of PFS and OS. When the model for OS also included missing killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand, human antimouse antibody response, and the enrollment disease status, the concordance index was 0.704. CONCLUSION BM MRD after two cycles of immunotherapy was confirmed as an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- All authors: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Deborah Kuk
- All authors: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Irene Y Cheung
- All authors: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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527
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Aminzadeh S, Vidali S, Sperl W, Kofler B, Feichtinger RG. Energy metabolism in neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:20-32. [PMID: 26835356 PMCID: PMC4729069 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To support high proliferation, the majority of cancer cells undergo fundamental metabolic changes such as increasing their glucose uptake and shifting to glycolysis for ATP production at the expense of far more efficient mitochondrial energy production by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which at first glance is a paradox. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. However, enhanced glycolysis is necessary to provide building blocks for anabolic growth. Apart from the generation of ATP, intermediates of glycolysis serve as precursors for a variety of biosynthetic pathways essential for cell proliferation. In the last 10-15 years the field of tumor metabolism has experienced an enormous boom in interest. It is now well established that tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes often play a central role in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Therefore, they significantly contribute to the manifestation of the Warburg effect. While much attention has focused on adult solid tumors, so far there has been comparatively little effort directed at elucidation of the mechanism responsible for the Warburg effect in childhood cancers. In this review we focus on metabolic pathways in neuroblastoma (NB) and Wilms tumor (WT), the two most frequent solid tumors in children. Both tumor types show alterations of the OXPHOS system and glycolytic features. Chromosomal alterations and activation of oncogenes like MYC or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes like TP53 can in part explain the changes of energy metabolism in these cancers. The strict dependence of cancer cells on glucose metabolism is a fairly common feature among otherwise biologically diverse types of cancer. Therefore, inhibition of glycolysis or starvation of cancer cells through glucose deprivation via a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet may be a promising avenue for future adjuvant therapeutic strategies.
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528
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, De Pascali SA, Ciaccio C, Coletta M, Fanizzi FP, Marini S. Novel Platinum(II) compounds modulate insulin-degrading enzyme activity and induce cell death in neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:101-108. [PMID: 25450414 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The properties of three novel Platinum(II) compounds toward the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) enzymatic activity have been investigated under physiological conditions. The rationale of this study resides on previous observations that these compounds, specifically designed and synthesized by some of us, induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, whereas IDE has been proposed as a putative oncogene involved in neuroblastoma onset and progression. Two of these compounds, namely [PtCl(O,O'-acac)(DMSO)] and [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)], display a modulatory behavior, wherefore activation or inhibition of IDE activity occurs over different concentration ranges (suggesting the existence of two binding sites on the enzyme). On the other hand, [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMSO)] shows a typical competitive inhibitory pattern, characterized by a meaningful affinity constant (K i = 0.95 ± 0.21 μM). Although all three compounds induce cell death in neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells at concentrations exceeding 2 μM, the two modulators facilitate cells' proliferation at concentrations ≤ 1.5 μM, whereas the competitive inhibitor [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMSO)] only shows a pro-apoptotic activity at all investigated concentrations. These features render the [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMSO)] a promising "lead compound" for the synthesis of IDE-specific inhibitors (not characterized yet) with therapeutic potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Sandra A De Pascali
- CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Department of Environmental Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco P Fanizzi
- CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Department of Environmental Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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529
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Liu Y, Song L. HMGB1-induced autophagy in Schwann cells promotes neuroblastoma proliferation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:504-510. [PMID: 25755740 PMCID: PMC4348936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma inflicts mostly on children, and the pathogenesis remains elusive. Clinical diagnosis and therapeutic approaches are still on the incipient stage, so further understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the disease is necessary. Inflammation has been commonly regarded as a hallmark in tumorigenesis and development, and we identified a new inflammatory factor, HMGB1, is considerably increased in neuroblastoma. Our study shows that HMGB1 induces autophagy in Schwann cells through activation of TLR4, and knockdown of TLR4 obviates the HMGB1-induced autophagy. The HMGB1-induced autophagy is through classical pathway, as deficiency of Beclin 1 deprived autophagy in Schwann cells. Coculture of neuroblastoma with Schwann cells pretreated with HMGB1 promoted the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, and if Beclin 1 is knocked down in Schwann cells, no promotion effects is observed. Taken together, our study demonstrates that HMGB1-induced autophagy in Schwann cells contributes to neuroblastoma cell proliferation, thus providing a potential therapeutic approach on neuroblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of ShangqiuShangqiu 476005, Henan, China
| | - Laijun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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530
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Xu H, Cheng M, Guo H, Chen Y, Huse M, Cheung NKV. Retargeting T cells to GD2 pentasaccharide on human tumors using Bispecific humanized antibody. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 3:266-77. [PMID: 25542634 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0230-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-disialoganglioside GD2 IgG antibodies have shown clinical efficacy in solid tumors that lack human leukocyte antigens (e.g., neuroblastoma) by relying on Fc-dependent cytotoxicity. However, there are pain side effects secondary to complement activation. T-cell retargeting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) also have clinical potential, but it is thus far only effective against liquid tumors. In this study, a fully humanized hu3F8-BsAb was developed, in which the anti-CD3 huOKT3 single-chain Fv fragment (ScFv) was linked to the carboxyl end of the anti-GD2 hu3F8 IgG1 light chain, and was aglycosylated at N297 of Fc to prevent complement activation and cytokine storm. In vitro, hu3F8-BsAb activated T cells through classic immunologic synapses, inducing GD2-specific tumor cytotoxicity at femtomolar EC50 with >10⁵-fold selectivity over normal tissues, releasing Th1 cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, and IL2) when GD2⁺ tumors were present. In separate murine neuroblastoma and melanoma xenograft models, intravenous hu3F8-BsAb activated T cells in situ and recruited intravenous T cells for tumor ablation, significantly prolonging survival from local recurrence or from metastatic disease. Hu3F8-BsAb, but not control BsAb, drove T cells and monocytes to infiltrate tumor stroma. These monocytes were necessary for sustained T-cell proliferation and/or survival and contributed significantly to the antitumor effect. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor properties of hu3F8-BsAb and its safety profile support its further clinical development as a cancer therapeutic, and provide the rationale for exploring aglycosylated IgG-scFv as a structural platform for retargeting human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hongfen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuedan Chen
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Morgan Huse
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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531
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Hartomo TB, Van Huyen Pham T, Yamamoto N, Hirase S, Hasegawa D, Kosaka Y, Matsuo M, Hayakawa A, Takeshima Y, Iijima K, Nishio H, Nishimura N. Involvement of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 in the regulation of cancer stem cell properties in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:1089-98. [PMID: 25524880 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) into the current chemotherapy, more than half of high-risk neuroblastoma patients have experienced tumor relapses driven by chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can be isolated by their ability to grow as spheres. Although aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been used to characterize CSCs in certain cancers, ALDH remains elusive in neuroblastoma. In the present study, we determined ALDH activity and expression of its 19 isoforms in spheres and parental cells of neuroblastoma. ALDH activity and several ALDH isoforms were consistently induced in spheres of different neuroblastoma cells. While ALDH1A2, ALDH1L1 and ALDH3B2 expression was consistently induced in spheres and associated with the sphere and colony formation, only ALDH1A2 expression was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. ALDH1A2 expression was further associated with the growth and undifferentiation of neuroblastoma xenografts and the resistance of neuroblastoma cells to 13-cis-RA. These results suggest that ALDH1A2 is involved in the regulation of CSC properties in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Budi Hartomo
- Department of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Thi Van Huyen Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirase
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe 654-0081, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kosaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe 654-0081, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishimura
- Department of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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532
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Maguire LH, Thomas AR, Goldstein AM. Tumors of the neural crest: Common themes in development and cancer. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:311-22. [PMID: 25382669 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a remarkable transient structure in the vertebrate embryo that gives rise to a highly versatile population of pluripotent cells that contribute to the formation of multiple tissues and organs throughout the body. In order to achieve their task, NC-derived cells have developed specialized mechanisms to promote (1) their transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, (2) their capacity for extensive migration and cell proliferation, and (3) their ability to produce diverse cell types largely depending on the microenvironment encountered during and after their migratory path. Following embryogenesis, these same features of cellular motility, invasion, and proliferation can become a liability by contributing to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Ample evidence has shown that cancer cells have cleverly co-opted many of the genetic and molecular features used by developing NC cells. This review focuses on tumors that arise from NC-derived tissues and examines mechanistic themes shared during their oncogenic and metastatic development with embryonic NC cell ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillias H Maguire
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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533
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Rogers K, Lenoir GM. Cancer research in France. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2235-6. [PMID: 25132359 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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534
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Ordóñez R, Gallo-Oller G, Martínez-Soto S, Legarra S, Pata-Merci N, Guegan J, Danglot G, Bernheim A, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Castresana JS. Genome-wide microarray expression and genomic alterations by array-CGH analysis in neuroblastoma stem-like cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113105. [PMID: 25392930 PMCID: PMC4231109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma has a very diverse clinical behaviour: from spontaneous regression to a very aggressive malignant progression and resistance to chemotherapy. This heterogeneous clinical behaviour might be due to the existence of Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), a subpopulation within the tumor with stem-like cell properties: a significant proliferation capacity, a unique self-renewal capacity, and therefore, a higher ability to form new tumors. We enriched the CSC-like cell population content of two commercial neuroblastoma cell lines by the use of conditioned cell culture media for neurospheres, and compared genomic gains and losses and genome expression by array-CGH and microarray analysis, respectively (in CSC-like versus standard tumor cells culture). Despite the array-CGH did not show significant differences between standard and CSC-like in both analyzed cell lines, the microarray expression analysis highlighted some of the most relevant biological processes and molecular functions that might be responsible for the CSC-like phenotype. Some signalling pathways detected seem to be involved in self-renewal of normal tissues (Wnt, Notch, Hh and TGF-β) and contribute to CSC phenotype. We focused on the aberrant activation of TGF-β and Hh signalling pathways, confirming the inhibition of repressors of TGF-β pathway, as SMAD6 and SMAD7 by RT-qPCR. The analysis of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway showed overexpression of PTCH1, GLI1 and SMO. We found overexpression of CD133 and CD15 in SIMA neurospheres, confirming that this cell line was particularly enriched in stem-like cells. This work shows a cross-talk among different pathways in neuroblastoma and its importance in CSC-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ordóñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gallo-Oller
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Soledad Martínez-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sheila Legarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rey
- IdiPaz Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier S. Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
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535
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Bresler SC, Weiser DA, Huwe PJ, Park JH, Krytska K, Ryles H, Laudenslager M, Rappaport EF, Wood AC, McGrady PW, Hogarty MD, London WB, Radhakrishnan R, Lemmon MA, Mossé YP. ALK mutations confer differential oncogenic activation and sensitivity to ALK inhibition therapy in neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:682-94. [PMID: 25517749 PMCID: PMC4269829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have established anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase, as a tractable molecular target in neuroblastoma. We describe comprehensive genomic, biochemical, and computational analyses of ALK mutations across 1,596 diagnostic neuroblastoma samples. ALK tyrosine kinase domain mutations occurred in 8% of samples--at three hot spots and 13 minor sites--and correlated significantly with poorer survival in high- and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. Biochemical and computational studies distinguished oncogenic (constitutively activating) from nononcogenic mutations and allowed robust computational prediction of their effects. The mutated variants also showed differential in vitro crizotinib sensitivities. Our studies identify ALK genomic status as a clinically important therapeutic stratification tool in neuroblastoma and will allow tailoring of ALK-targeted therapy to specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Bresler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter J Huwe
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin H Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kateryna Krytska
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Ryles
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marci Laudenslager
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric F Rappaport
- Nucleic Acid Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew C Wood
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick W McGrady
- Department of Biostatistics, Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wendy B London
- Department of Biostatistics, Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yaël P Mossé
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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536
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Abstract
Cancer testis antigens, such as NY-ESO-1, are expressed in a variety of prevalent tumors and represent potential targets for T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy. DNA encoding a murine anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR gene (mTCR) was isolated from immunized HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice and inserted into a γ-retroviral vector. Two mTCR vectors were produced and used to transduce human PBL. Transduced cells were cocultured with tumor target cell lines and T2 cells pulsed with the NY-ESO-1 peptide, and assayed for cytokine release and cell lysis activity. The most active TCR construct was selected for production of a master cell bank for clinical use. mTCR-transduced PBL maintained TCR expression in short-term and long-term culture, ranging from 50% to 90% efficiency 7-11 days after stimulation and 46%-82% 10-20 days after restimulation. High levels of interferon-γ secretion were observed (1000-12000 pg/mL), in tumor coculture assays and recognition of peptide-pulsed cells was observed at 0.1 ng/mL, suggesting that the new mTCR had high avidity for antigen recognition. mTCR-transduced T cells also specifically lysed human tumor targets. In all assays, the mTCR was equivalent or better than the comparable human TCR. As the functional activity of TCR-transduced cells may be affected by the formation of mixed dimers, mTCRs, which are less likely to form mixed dimers with endogenous hTCRs, may be more effective in vivo. This new mTCR targeted to NY-ESO-1 represents a novel potential therapeutic option for adoptive cell-transfer therapy for a variety of malignancies.
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537
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Peng H, Ke XX, Hu R, Yang L, Cui H, Wei Y. Essential role of GATA3 in regulation of differentiation and cell proliferation in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:881-6. [PMID: 25351211 PMCID: PMC4262502 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common solid malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, which contributes to 15% of cancer‑related mortality in children. The differentiation status of neuroblastoma is correlated with clinical outcome, and the induction of differentiation thus constitutes a therapeutic approach in this disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the differentiation of neuroblastoma remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to define whether GATA3 is involved in the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. The results demonstrated that GATA3 is a prognostic marker for survival in patients with neuroblastoma, and that high‑level GATA3 expression is associated with increased self‑renewal and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Retinoic acid treatment led to GATA3 downregulation together with neuronal differentiation, suppression of cell proliferation and inhibition of tumorigenecity in neuroblastoma cells. These findings suggest that GATA3 is a key regulator of neuroblastoma differentiation, and provide a novel potential therapeutic strategy for the induction of neuroblastoma differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Peng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Renjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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538
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Yan X, Ke XX, Zhao H, Huang M, Hu R, Cui H. Triptolide inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of human neuroblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:791-6. [PMID: 25354591 PMCID: PMC4262511 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide, extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, which has been shown to have antitumor activity in a number of cancers. Neuroblastoma is an aggressive extracranial pediatric solid tumor, with significant chemotherapeutic resistance. In this study, triptolide was hypothesized to be a potential therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma. The effects of triptolide on neuroblastoma cell growth and tumor development were investigated. Cell growth and proliferation were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and a 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine staining assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect the expression levels of the apoptosis-associated proteins, caspase-3 and caspase-9. The tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells was assessed by a soft agar clonogenic assay and an in vivo tumorigenic assay. The results demonstrated that exposure of BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells to triptolide resulted in a reduction in cell growth and proliferation, and the induction of cell death and apoptosis, together with cell cycle arrest in the S phase. A soft agar assay indicated that triptolide inhibited the colony-forming ability of BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells. The xenograft experiment showed that triptolide significantly reduced tumor growth and development in vivo. The data suggested that this Chinese herb may be a potential novel chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Renjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
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539
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Umapathy G, El Wakil A, Witek B, Chesler L, Danielson L, Deng X, Gray NS, Johansson M, Kvarnbrink S, Ruuth K, Schönherr C, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. The kinase ALK stimulates the kinase ERK5 to promote the expression of the oncogene MYCN in neuroblastoma. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra102. [PMID: 25351247 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an important molecular target in neuroblastoma. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors abrogating ALK activity are currently in clinical use for the treatment of ALK-positive (ALK(+)) disease, monotherapy with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors may not be an adequate solution for ALK(+) neuroblastoma patients. Increased expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor MYCN is common in neuroblastomas and correlates with poor prognosis. We found that the kinase ERK5 [also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 (BMK1)] is activated by ALK through a pathway mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, MAPK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), and MAPK kinase 5 (MEK5). ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and stimulation of cell proliferation required ERK5. Pharmacological or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ERK5 suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in both cells and xenograft models. Together, our results indicate that ERK5 mediates ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and proliferation of neuroblastoma, suggesting that targeting both ERK5 and ALK may be beneficial in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Louis Chesler
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Laura Danielson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Xianming Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 628A, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 628A, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Samuel Kvarnbrink
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Schönherr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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540
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Kiyonari S, Kadomatsu K. Neuroblastoma models for insights into tumorigenesis and new therapies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 10:53-62. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.974544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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541
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Bandino A, Geerts D, Koster J, Bachmann AS. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) inhibitor GC7 induces p21/Rb-mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth and DHPS expression correlates with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:387-98. [PMID: 25315710 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy that typically occurs in infants and children under the age of 5 years. High-stage tumors relapse frequently even after aggressive multimodal treatment, resulting in therapy resistance and eventually in patient death. Clearly, new biologically-targeted drugs are needed that more efficiently suppress tumor growth and prevent relapse. We and others previously showed that polyamines such as spermidine play an essential role in NB tumorigenesis and that DFMO, an inhibitor of the central polyamine synthesis gene ODC, is effective in vitro and in vivo, prompting its evaluation in NB clinical trials. However, the specific molecular actions of polyamines remain poorly defined. Spermidine and deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) are essential components in the hypusination-driven post-translational activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). METHODS We assessed the role of DHPS in NB and the impact of its inhibition by N(1)-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7) on tumor cell growth using cell proliferation assays, Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy, and Affymetrix micro-array mRNA expression analyses in NB tumor samples. RESULTS We found that GC7 inhibits NB cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, through induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and reduction of total and phosphorylated Rb proteins. Strikingly, high DHPS mRNA expression correlated significantly with unfavorable clinical parameters, including poor patient survival, in a cohort of 88 NB tumors (all P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that spermidine and DHPS are key contributing factors in NB tumor proliferation through regulation of the p21/Rb signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bandino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
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542
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Capasso M, Diskin S, Cimmino F, Acierno G, Totaro F, Petrosino G, Pezone L, Diamond M, McDaniel L, Hakonarson H, Iolascon A, Devoto M, Maris JM. Common genetic variants in NEFL influence gene expression and neuroblastoma risk. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6913-24. [PMID: 25312269 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genetic etiology of sporadic neuroblastoma is still largely obscure. In a genome-wide association study, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with neuroblastoma at the CASC15, BARD1, LMO1, DUSP12, HSD17B12, HACE1, and LIN28B gene loci, but these explain only a small fraction of neuroblastoma heritability. Other neuroblastoma susceptibility genes are likely hidden among signals discarded by the multiple testing corrections. In this study, we evaluated eight additional genes selected as candidates for further study based on proven involvement in neuroblastoma differentiation. SNPs at these candidate genes were tested for association with disease susceptibility in 2,101 cases and 4,202 controls, with the associations found replicated in an independent cohort of 459 cases and 809 controls. Replicated associations were further studied for cis-effect using gene expression, transient overexpression, silencing, and cellular differentiation assays. The neurofilament gene NEFL harbored three SNPs associated with neuroblastoma (rs11994014: Pcombined = 0.0050; OR, 0.88; rs2979704: Pcombined = 0.0072; OR, 0.87; rs1059111: Pcombined = 0.0049; OR, 0.86). The protective allele of rs1059111 correlated with increased NEFL expression. Biologic investigations showed that ectopic overexpression of NEFL inhibited cell growth specifically in neuroblastoma cells carrying the protective allele. NEFL overexpression also enhanced differentiation and impaired the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of cells with protective allele and basal NEFL expression, while impairing invasiveness and proliferation of cells homozygous for the risk genotype. Clinically, high levels of NEFL expression in primary neuroblastoma specimens were associated with better overall survival (P = 0.03; HR, 0.68). Our results show that common variants of NEFL influence neuroblastoma susceptibility and they establish that NEFL expression influences disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Capasso
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Naples, Italy. CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sharon Diskin
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Genomics and Computational Biology, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Flora Cimmino
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Naples, Italy. CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Acierno
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Naples, Italy. CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Totaro
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petrosino
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maura Diamond
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lee McDaniel
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Genomics and Computational Biology, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Naples, Italy. CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Genomics and Computational Biology, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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543
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Braekeveldt N, Wigerup C, Gisselsson D, Mohlin S, Merselius M, Beckman S, Jonson T, Börjesson A, Backman T, Tadeo I, Berbegall AP, Ora I, Navarro S, Noguera R, Påhlman S, Bexell D. Neuroblastoma patient-derived orthotopic xenografts retain metastatic patterns and geno- and phenotypes of patient tumours. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E252-61. [PMID: 25220031 PMCID: PMC4299502 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumour with heterogeneous characteristics and children with metastatic disease often have a poor outcome. Here we describe the establishment of neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by orthotopic implantation of viably cryopreserved or fresh tumour explants of patients with high risk neuroblastoma into immunodeficient mice. In vivo tumour growth was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography. Neuroblastoma PDXs retained the undifferentiated histology and proliferative capacity of their corresponding patient tumours. The PDXs expressed neuroblastoma markers neural cell adhesion molecule, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and tyrosine hydroxylase. Whole genome genotyping array analyses demonstrated that PDXs retained patient-specific chromosomal aberrations such as MYCN amplification, deletion of 1p and gain of chromosome 17q. Thus, neuroblastoma PDXs recapitulate the hallmarks of high-risk neuroblastoma in patients. PDX-derived cells were cultured in serum-free medium where they formed free-floating neurospheres, expressed neuroblastoma gene markers MYCN, CHGA, TH, SYP and NPY, and retained tumour-initiating and metastatic capacity in vivo. PDXs showed much higher degree of infiltrative growth and distant metastasis as compared to neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)c cell line-derived orthotopic tumours. Importantly, the PDXs presented with bone marrow involvement, a clinical feature of aggressive neuroblastoma. Thus, neuroblastoma PDXs serve as clinically relevant models for studying and targeting high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma.
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544
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Zhang D, Ighaniyan S, Stathopoulos L, Rollo B, Landman K, Hutson J, Newgreen D. The neural crest: a versatile organ system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:275-98. [PMID: 25227568 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest is the name given to the strip of cells at the junction between neural and epidermal ectoderm in neurula-stage vertebrate embryos, which is later brought to the dorsal neural tube as the neural folds elevate. The neural crest is a heterogeneous and multipotent progenitor cell population whose cells undergo EMT then extensively and accurately migrate throughout the embryo. Neural crest cells contribute to nearly every organ system in the body, with derivatives of neuronal, glial, neuroendocrine, pigment, and also mesodermal lineages. This breadth of developmental capacity has led to the neural crest being termed the fourth germ layer. The neural crest has occupied a prominent place in developmental biology, due to its exaggerated migratory morphogenesis and its remarkably wide developmental potential. As such, neural crest cells have become an attractive model for developmental biologists for studying these processes. Problems in neural crest development cause a number of human syndromes and birth defects known collectively as neurocristopathies; these include Treacher Collins syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, and 22q11.2 deletion syndromes. Tumors in the neural crest lineage are also of clinical importance, including the aggressive melanoma and neuroblastoma types. These clinical aspects have drawn attention to the selection or creation of neural crest progenitor cells, particularly of human origin, for studying pathologies of the neural crest at the cellular level, and also for possible cell therapeutics. The versatility of the neural crest lends itself to interlinked research, spanning basic developmental biology, birth defect research, oncology, and stem/progenitor cell biology and therapy.
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545
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Kunisada T, Tezulka KI, Aoki H, Motohashi T. The stemness of neural crest cells and their derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:251-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Tezulka
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hitomi Aoki
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Motohashi
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
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546
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N-Myc differentially regulates expression of MXI1 isoforms in neuroblastoma. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1363-70. [PMID: 24403858 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). MYCN encodes the N-Myc protein, a transcriptional regulator that dimerizes with the Max transcription factor, binds to E-box DNA sequences, and regulates genes involved in cell growth and apoptosis. Overexpression of N-Myc leads to transcriptional activation and an increase in NB cell proliferation. Mxi1, a member of the Myc family of transcriptional regulators, also binds to Max. However, Mxi1 is a transcriptional repressor and inhibits proliferation of NB cells, suggesting that Mxi1 functions as an N-Myc antagonist. Our laboratory previously identified Mxi1-0, an alternatively transcribed Mxi1 isoform. Mxi1-0 has properties distinct from those of Mxi1; in contrast to Mxi1, Mxi1-0 is unable to suppress c-Myc-dependent transcription. We now show that Mxi1-0 expression increases in response to MYCN overexpression in NB cells, with a positive correlation between MYCN and MXI1-0 RNA levels. We also show that N-Myc expression differentially regulates the MXI1 and MXI1-0 promoters: Increased MYCN expression suppresses MXI1 promoter activity while enhancing transcription through the MXI1-0 promoter. Finally, induction of Mxi1-0 leads to increased proliferation, whereas expression of Mxi1 inhibits cell growth, indicating differential roles for these two proteins. These data suggest that N-Myc differentially regulates the expression of MXI1 and MXI1-0 and can alter the balance between the two transcription factors. Furthermore, MXI1-0 appears to be a downstream target of MYCN-dependent signaling pathways and may contribute to N-Myc-dependent cell growth and proliferation.
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547
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Gnanapragassam VS, Bork K, Galuska CE, Galuska SP, Glanz D, Nagasundaram M, Bache M, Vordermark D, Kohla G, Kannicht C, Schauer R, Horstkorte R. Sialic acid metabolic engineering: a potential strategy for the neuroblastoma therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105403. [PMID: 25148252 PMCID: PMC4141789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialic acids (Sia) represent negative-charged terminal sugars on most glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface of vertebrates. Aberrant expression of tumor associated sialylated carbohydrate epitopes significantly increases during onset of cancer. Since Sia contribute towards cell migration ( = metastasis) and to chemo- and radiation resistance. Modulation of cellular Sia concentration and composition poses a challenge especially for neuroblastoma therapy, due to the high heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance of these cells. Here we propose that Metabolic Sia Engineering (MSE) is an effective strategy to reduce neuroblastoma progression and metastasis. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with synthetic Sia precursors N-propanoyl mannosamine (ManNProp) or N-pentanoyl mannosamine (ManNPent). Total and Polysialic acids (PolySia) were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. Cell surface polySia were examined by flow-cytometry. Sia precursors treated cells were examined for the migration, invasion and sensitivity towards anticancer drugs and radiation treatment. Results Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with ManNProp or ManNPent (referred as MSE) reduced their cell surface sialylation significantly. We found complete absence of polysialylation after treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with ManNPent. Loss of polysialylation results in a reduction of migration and invasion ability of these cells. Furthermore, radiation of Sia-engineered cells completely abolished their migration. In addition, MSE increases the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin. Conclusions Metabolic Sia Engineering (MSE) of neuroblastoma cells using modified Sia precursors reduces their sialylation, metastatic potential and increases their sensitivity towards radiation or chemotherapeutics. Therefore, MSE may serve as an effective method to treat neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayaga S. Gnanapragassam
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christina E. Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dagobert Glanz
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manimozhi Nagasundaram
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Clinic of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Clinic of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guido Kohla
- Octapharma R&D, Molecular Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Roland Schauer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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548
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Dorstyn L, Puccini J, Nikolic A, Shalini S, Wilson CH, Norris MD, Haber M, Kumar S. An unexpected role for caspase-2 in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1383. [PMID: 25144718 PMCID: PMC4454317 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 has been implicated in various cellular functions, including cell death by apoptosis, oxidative stress response, maintenance of genomic stability and tumor suppression. The loss of the caspase-2 gene (Casp2) enhances oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis induced by E1A/Ras in athymic nude mice, and also in the Eμ-Myc lymphoma and MMTV/c-neu mammary tumor mouse models. To further investigate the function of caspase-2 in oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis, we extended our studies in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma. Surprisingly, we found that loss of caspase-2 delayed tumorigenesis in the TH-MYCN neuroblastoma model. In addition, tumors from TH-MYCN/Casp2−/− mice were predominantly thoracic paraspinal tumors and were less vascularized compared with tumors from their TH-MYCN/Casp2+/+ counterparts. We did not detect any differences in the expression of neuroblastoma-associated genes in TH-MYCN/Casp2−/− tumors, or in the activation of Ras/MAPK signaling pathway that is involved in neuroblastoma progression. Analysis of expression array data from human neuroblastoma samples showed a correlation between low caspase-2 levels and increased survival. However, caspase-2 levels correlated with clinical outcome only in the subset of MYCN-non-amplified human neuroblastoma. These observations indicate that caspase-2 is not a suppressor in MYCN-induced neuroblastoma and suggest a tissue and context-specific role for caspase-2 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dorstyn
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J Puccini
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - A Nikolic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - S Shalini
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - C H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - M D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - M Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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549
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Ivanov VN, Hei TK. A role for TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 in radiation-induced apoptosis and radiation-induced bystander response of human neural stem cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:399-413. [PMID: 24158598 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurons, which are terminally differentiated cells, demonstrate substantial radioresistance. In contrast, human neural stem cells (NSC), which have a significant proliferative capacity, are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Cranial irradiation that is widely used for treatment of brain tumors may induce death of NSC and further cause substantial cognitive deficits such as impairing learning and memory. The main goal of our study was to determine a mechanism of NSC radiosensitivity. We observed a constitutive high-level expression of TRAIL-R2 in human NSC. On the other hand, ionizing radiation through generation of reactive oxygen species targeted cell signaling pathways and dramatically changed the pattern of gene expression, including upregulation of TRAIL. A significant increase of endogenous expression and secretion of TRAIL could induce autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the TRAIL-R2-mediated signaling cascade with activation of caspase-3-driven apoptosis. Furthermore, paracrine stimulation could initiate bystander response of non-targeted NSC that is driven by death ligands produced by directly irradiated NSC. Experiments with media transfer from directly irradiated NSC to non-targeted (bystander) NSC confirmed a role of secreted TRAIL for induction of a death signaling cascade in non-targeted NSC. Subsequently, TRAIL production through elimination of bystander TRAIL-R-positive NSC might substantially restrict a final yield of differentiating young neurons. Radiation-induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis could be partially suppressed by anti-TRAIL antibody added to the cell media. Interestingly, direct gamma-irradiation of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells using clinical doses (2-5 Gy) resulted in low levels of apoptosis in cancer cells that was accompanied however by induction of a strong bystander response in non-targeted NSC. Numerous protective mechanisms were involved in the maintenance of radioresistance of neuroblastoma cells, including constitutive PI3K-AKT over-activation and endogenous synthesis of TGFβ1. Specific blockage of these survival pathways was accompanied by a dramatic increase in radiosensitivity of neuroblastoma cells. Intercellular communication between cancer cells and NSC could potentially be involved in amplification of cancer pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Ivanov
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Diao Y, Rahman MFU, Villegas VE, Wickström M, Johnsen JI, Zaphiropoulos PG. The impact of S6K1 kinase on neuroblastoma cell proliferation is independent of GLI1 signaling. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:600. [PMID: 25134527 PMCID: PMC4152578 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The crosstalk between Hedgehog (HH) signaling and other signal transduction cascades has been extensively studied in different cancers. In neuroblastoma, mTOR/S6K1 signaling is known to have a role in the development of this disease and recent evidence also implicates the HH pathway. Moreover, S6K1 kinase has been shown to phosphorylate GLI1, the effector of HH signaling, promoting GLI1 transcriptional activity and oncogenic function in esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined the possible interplay of S6K1 and GLI1 signaling in neuroblastoma. Methods siRNA knockdowns were used to suppress S6K1 and GLI1 expression, and the siRNA effects were validated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation analysis was performed with the EdU incorporation assay. Cytotoxic analysis with increasing concentrations of PI3K/mTOR and GLI inhibitors, individually and in combination, was used to determine drug response. Results Although knockdown of either S6K1 or GLI1 reduces the cellular proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, there is little effect of S6K1 on the expression of GLI1 mRNA and protein and on the capacity of GLI1 to activate target genes. No detectable phosphorylation of GLI1 is observed prior or following S6K1 knockdown. GLI1 overexpression can not rescue the reduced proliferation elicited by S6K1 knockdown. Moreover, inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR and GLI signaling reduced neuroblastoma cell growth, but no additional growth inhibitory effects were detected when the two classes of drugs were combined. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the impact of S6K1 kinase on neuroblastoma cells is not mediated through modulation of GLI1 expression/activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-600) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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