501
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Expressions of angiogenesis associated matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix proteins in cerebral vascular malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 17:232-6. [PMID: 20036554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVM) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) with regard to the immunohistochemical expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and selected extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which have a role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Fresh-frozen surgical specimens from patients with cAVM (n=14) and CCM (n=15) were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for MMP-2, MMP-9, laminin, fibronectin and tenascin. To compare cAVM and CCM, expression of each protein was graded using a four-point scoring system for each histological layer of the lesion. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were more strongly expressed in the vascular walls of CCMs compared to cAVMs for all comparable layers: endothelium, subendothelium and the perivascular space. The stronger expression of MMP and other EMP associated with early angiogenesis in CCMs compared to AVMs may support the hypothesis that CCMs occur at earlier embryogenic stages than AVMs.
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502
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Palmieri D, Valli M, Viglio S, Ferrari N, Ledda B, Volta C, Manduca P. Osteoblasts extracellular matrix induces vessel like structures through glycosylated collagen I. Exp Cell Res 2009; 316:789-99. [PMID: 20006603 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in angiogenesis affecting endothelial cells proliferation, migration and differentiation. Vessels-like network formation in vitro is a reliable test to study the inductive effects of ECM on angiogenesis. Here we utilized matrix deposed by osteoblasts as substrate where the molecular and structural complexity of the endogenous ECM is preserved, to test if it induces vessel-like network formation by endothelial cells in vitro. ECM is more similar to the physiological substrate in vivo than other substrates previously utilized for these studies in vitro. Osteogenic ECM, prepared in vitro from mature osteoblasts at the phase of maximal deposition and glycosylation of collagen I, induces EAhy926, HUVEC, and HDMEC endothelial cells to form vessels-like structures and promotes the activation of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2); the functionality of the p-38/MAPK signaling pathway is required. Osteogenic ECM also induces a transient increase of CXCL12 and a decrease of the receptor CXCR4. The induction of vessel-like networks is dependent from proper glycosylation of collagens and does not occur on osteogenic ECMs if deglycosylated by -galactosidase or on less glycosylated ECMs derived from preosteoblasts and normal fibroblasts, while is sustained on ECM from osteogenesis imperfecta fibroblasts only when their mutation is associated with over-glycosylation of collagen type I. These data support that post-translational glycosylation has a role in the induction in endothelial cells in vitro of molecules conductive to self-organization in vessels-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Palmieri
- Genetics, DIBIO, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
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503
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van Wijngaarden J, Snoeks TJA, van Beek E, Bloys H, Kaijzel EL, van Hinsbergh VWM, Löwik CWGM. An in vitro model that can distinguish between effects on angiogenesis and on established vasculature: actions of TNP-470, marimastat and the tubulin-binding agent Ang-510. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1161-5. [PMID: 20004648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In anti-cancer therapy, current investigations explore the possibility of two different strategies to target tumor vasculature; one aims at interfering with angiogenesis, the process involving the outgrowth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, while the other directs at affecting the already established tumor vasculature. However, the majority of in vitro model systems currently available examine the process of angiogenesis, while the current focus in anti-vascular therapies moves towards exploring the benefit of targeting established vasculature as well. This urges the need for in vitro systems that are able to differentiate between the effects of compounds on angiogenesis as well as on established vasculature. To achieve this, we developed an in vitro model in which effects of compounds on different vascular targets can be studied specifically. Using this model, we examined the actions of the fumagillin derivate TNP-470, the MMP-inhibitor marimastat and the recently developed tubulin-binding agent Ang-510. We show that TNP-470 and marimastat solely inhibited angiogenesis, whereas Ang-510 potently inhibited angiogenesis and caused massive disruption of newly established vasculature. We show that the use of this in vitro model allows for specific and efficient screening of the effects of compounds on different vascular targets, which may facilitate the identification of agents with potential clinical benefit. The indicated differences in the mode of action between marimastat, TNP-470 and Ang-510 to target vasculature are illustrative for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens van Wijngaarden
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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504
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Deng X, Tolstanova G, Khomenko T, Chen L, Tarnawski A, Szabo S, Sandor Z. Mesalamine restores angiogenic balance in experimental ulcerative colitis by reducing expression of endostatin and angiostatin: novel molecular mechanism for therapeutic action of mesalamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:1071-8. [PMID: 19762547 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.158022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylate acid, 5-ASA) is an effective treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanisms of its actions are not fully understood. Because angiogenesis is critical for healing UC, we examined whether 5-ASA alters the angiogenic balance between angiogenic factors [e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and antiangiogenic factors (e.g., endostatin and angiostatin) in the colon in experimental UC. Rats were treated with saline or 5-ASA (100 mg/kg) twice daily and euthanized 3 or 7 days after iodoacetamide-induced UC. Clinical signs (e.g., lethargy, diarrhea) and UC lesions were measured. Expression of VEGF, endostatin, angiostatin, tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 was determined by Western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymography in the distal colon. 5-ASA treatment reduced lethargy and diarrhea and significantly decreased colonic lesions (by approximately 50%) compared with saline treatment in UC (both, P < 0.05). 5-ASA did not reverse the increased levels of VEGF, but it significantly reduced expression of endostatin and angiostatin in UC compared with vehicle treatment (both, P < 0.05). Furthermore, 5-ASA treatment significantly diminished increased activity of TNF-alpha and MMP9 in UC. This is the first demonstration that 5-ASA treatment reverses an imbalance between the angiogenic factor VEGF and antiangiogenic factors endostatin and angiostatin in experimental UC. The effect of 5-ASA in UC may be caused by the down-regulation of expression of endostatin and angiostatin by modulation of MMP2 and MMP9 via inhibition of TNFalpha. The inhibition of antiangiogenic factors may represent a novel molecular mechanism of the therapeutic action of 5-ASA.
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MESH Headings
- Angiostatins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiostatins/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Blotting, Western
- Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/enzymology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology
- Colon/blood supply
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/enzymology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endostatins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endostatins/biosynthesis
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mesalamine/administration & dosage
- Mesalamine/pharmacology
- Mesalamine/therapeutic use
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Deng
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine, Health Care Groups, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
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505
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Ebrahem Q, Chaurasia SS, Vasanji A, Qi JH, Klenotic PA, Cutler A, Asosingh K, Erzurum S, Anand-Apte B. Cross-talk between vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases in the induction of neovascularization in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:496-503. [PMID: 19948826 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.080642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a specialized group of enzymes capable of proteolytically degrading extracellular matrix proteins, have been postulated to play an important role in angiogenesis. It has been suggested that MMPs can regulate neovascularization using mechanisms other than simple remodeling of the capillary basement membrane. To determine the interplay between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MMPs, we investigated the induction of angiogenesis by recombinant active MMPs and VEGF in vivo. Using a rat corneal micropocket in vivo angiogenesis assay, we observed that the active form of MMP-9 could induce neovascularization in vivo when compared with the pro- form of the enzyme as a control. This angiogenic response could be inhibited by neutralizing VEGF antibody, which suggests that MMPs acts upstream of VEGF. Additional in vitro studies using extracellular matrix loaded with radiolabeled VEGF determined that active MMPs can enzymatically release sequestered VEGF. Interestingly, in vivo angiogenesis induced by VEGF could be inhibited by MMP inhibitors, indicating that MMPs also act downstream of VEGF. In addition, inflammation plays an important role in the induction of angiogenesis mediated by both VEGF and MMPs. Our results suggest that MMPs act both upstream and downstream of VEGF and imply that potential combination therapies of VEGF and MMP inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic approach in diseases of pathological neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quteba Ebrahem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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506
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Fujita M, Andoh T, Ohashi K, Akira A, Saiki I, Kuraishi Y. Roles of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in skin cancer pain produced by orthotopic melanoma inoculation in mice. Eur J Pain 2009; 14:588-94. [PMID: 19932979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bradykinin is a potent algogenic peptide, the roles of this peptide and kinin receptors in cancer pain are unclear. AIMS The present study was conducted to clarify whether kinin B(1) and B(2) receptors would be involved in pain using a mouse model of skin cancer pain. METHODS B16-BL6 melanoma cells were inoculated into the hind paw of C57BL/6 mice. Licking, an index of spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia were observed. Expression of kinin receptor mRNAs was analyzed with reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. The contents of kininogen and bradykinin-related peptides were assayed with Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS Melanoma inoculation induced spontaneous licking of the melanoma-bearing paw from day 18 post-inoculation, which was inhibited by local injections of B(1) and B(2) receptor antagonists. Allodynia was briefly attenuated by B(2), but not B(1) antagonist and hyperalgesia was not inhibited by either B(1) or B(2) antagonist. Local injections of B(1) and B(2) receptor agonists increased licking behavior in melanoma-bearing, but not healthy, paw. The expression of kinin B(1), but not B(2), receptor mRNA was markedly increased in the L4/5 dorsal root ganglia on the melanoma-bearing side. Melanoma cells expressed B(1) and B(2) receptors and kininogen. The content of bradykinin and related peptides was increased in the melanoma mass as compared with healthy skin. CONCLUSIONS Bradykinin and related peptides released from melanoma cells may cause spontaneous pain and allodynia in the melanoma-bearing paw, in which B(1) and B(2) receptors on primary afferent and melanoma cells may have different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Fujita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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507
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CD31+ T cells represent a functionally distinct vascular T cell phenotype. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 44:74-8. [PMID: 19897387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells, CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells aid in endothelial repair and revascularization. There are limited data regarding the functional differences between circulating CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells that may contribute to their divergent cardiovascular effects. The aim of the present study was to characterize functional differences between CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells. To address this aim, migratory capacity, proangiogenic cytokine release and apoptotic susceptibility of CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells were determined. Human CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-)cells from peripheral blood were isolated using magnetic-activated cell sorting. CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells demonstrated significantly higher ( approximately 60%) migratory capacity to the chemokines SDF-1alpha (655+/-99 vs. 273+/-54 AU) and VEGF (618+/-99 vs. 259+/-57 AU) vs. CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells. Release of angiogenic cytokines G-CSF, interleukin-8 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 were all approximately 100% higher (P<0.05) in CD3(+)/CD31(+) than CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells. CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells exhibited significantly higher intracellular concentrations of active caspase-3 (2.61+/-0.60 vs. 0.34+/-0.09 ng/mL) and cytochrome-c (21.8+/-1.4 vs. 13.7+/-1.0 ng/mL). In summary, CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells have greater migratory and angiogenic cytokine release capacity, but are more susceptible to apoptosis compared with CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells. Enhanced migratory capacity and angiogenic cytokine release may contribute to the vasculogenic properties of this unique T cell subpopulation.
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508
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Dan H, Simsa-Maziel S, Hisdai A, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego Ornan E. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during impairment and recovery of the avian growth plate1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3544-55. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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509
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Alternatively spliced tissue factor induces angiogenesis through integrin ligation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19497-502. [PMID: 19875693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905325106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiator of coagulation, full-length tissue factor (flTF), in complex with factor VIIa, influences angiogenesis through PAR-2. Recently, an alternatively spliced variant of TF (asTF) was discovered, in which part of the TF extracellular domain, the transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains are replaced by a unique C terminus. Subcutaneous tumors produced by asTF-secreting cells revealed increased angiogenesis, but it remained unclear if and how angiogenesis is regulated by asTF. Here, we show that asTF enhances angiogenesis in matrigel plugs in mice, whereas a soluble form of flTF only modestly enhances angiogenesis. asTF dose-dependently upregulates angiogenesis ex vivo independent of either PAR-2 or VIIa. Rather, asTF was found to ligate integrins, resulting in downstream signaling. asTF-alphaVbeta3 integrin interaction induces endothelial cell migration, whereas asTF-dependent formation of capillaries in vitro is dependent on alpha6beta1 integrin. Finally, asTF-dependent aortic sprouting is sensitive to beta1 and beta3 integrin blockade and a TF-antibody that disrupts asTF-integrin interaction. We conclude that asTF, unlike flTF, does not affect angiogenesis via PAR-dependent pathways but relies on integrin ligation. These findings indicate that asTF may serve as a target to prevent pathological angiogenesis.
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510
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Burgess JK, Boustany S, Moir LM, Weckmann M, Lau JY, Grafton K, Baraket M, Hansbro PM, Hansbro NG, Foster PS, Black JL, Oliver BG. Reduction of tumstatin in asthmatic airways contributes to angiogenesis, inflammation, and hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 181:106-15. [PMID: 19875687 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0631oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Angiogenesis is a prominent feature of remodeling in asthma. Many proangiogenic factors are up-regulated in asthma, but little is known about levels of endogenous antiangiogenic agents. Collagen IV is decreased in the airway basement membrane in asthma. It has six alpha chains, of which the noncollagenous domain-1 domains have endogenous antiangiogenic properties. OBJECTIVES To study the expression of the noncollagenous domain-1 of the alpha3 chain of collagen IV, tumstatin, in the airways of subjects with and without asthma and to examine the potential for tumstatin to regulate angiogenesis and inflammation. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry and dot blots to examine the expression of tumstatin in bronchial biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum. We then used an in vitro angiogenesis assay and a murine model of allergic airways disease to explore tumstatin's biological function. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The level of tumstatin is decreased 18-fold in the airways of patients with asthma but not in subjects without asthma, including those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis. In vitro, recombinant tumstatin inhibited primary pulmonary endothelial cell tube formation. In a mouse model of chronic allergic airways disease, tumstatin suppressed angiogenesis, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucus secretion and decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS The observation that tumstatin is decreased in asthmatic airways and inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness and angiogenesis demonstrates the potential use of antiangiogenic agents such as tumstatin as a therapeutic intervention in diseases that are characterized by aberrant angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- Respiratory Research Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, Bosch Building, D05, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2006.
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511
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Zheng L, Amano K, Iohara K, Ito M, Imabayashi K, Into T, Matsushita K, Nakamura H, Nakashima M. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 accelerates wound healing following dental pulp injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1905-14. [PMID: 19834065 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including morphogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer. Angiogenesis is essential for reparative dentin formation during pulp wound healing. The mechanism of angiogenesis, however, still remains unclear. We hypothesized that certain MMPs expressed during pulp wound healing may support recovery processes. To address this issue, a rat pulp injury model was established to investigate expression of MMPs during wound healing. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that expression MMP-3 and MMP-9 (albeit lower extent) was up-regulated at 24 and 12 hours after pulp injury, respectively, whereas expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 was not changed. MMP-3 mRNA and protein were localized in endothelial cells and/or endothelial progenitor cells in injured pulp in vivo. In addition, MMP-3 enhanced proliferation, migration, and survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, the topical application of MMP-3 protein on the rat-injured pulp tissue in vivo induced angiogenesis and reparative dentin formation at significantly higher levels compared with controls at 24 and 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Inhibition of endogenous MMP-3 by N-Isobutyl-N-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)-glycylhydroxamic acid resulted in untoward wound healing. These results provide suggestive evidence that MMP-3 released from endothelial cells and/or endothelial progenitor cells in injured pulp plays critical roles in angiogenesis and pulp wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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512
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De Mello Malheiro OC, Giacomini CT, Justulin LA, Delella FK, Dal-Pai-Silva M, Felisbino SL. Calcaneal Tendon Regions Exhibit Different MMP-2 Activation After Vertical Jumping and Treadmill Running. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1656-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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513
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Negaard HFS, Svennevig K, Kolset SO, Iversen N, Lothe IMB, Østenstad B, Sandset PM, Iversen PO. Alterations in regulators of the extracellular matrix in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:998-1004. [PMID: 19373600 DOI: 10.1080/10428190902889270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow angiogenesis is increased in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Compounds affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) may modify angiogenesis. Here we investigated ECM regulators in 48 unselected NHL patients compared with 35 controls. Untreated patients had elevated (P < 0.05) serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1, while MMP-2, TIMP-2 and syndecan-1 were not significantly different from controls. MMP-9 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in blood mononuclear cells, while mRNA expressions of the other ECM regulators were unaltered. We found strong correlations between mRNA expressions of both vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, and MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. After therapy, serum MMP-2 increased while MMP-9 decreased (P < 0.05), the others being unchanged. Several compounds affecting ECM may be involved in angiogenic activity in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene F S Negaard
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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514
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No JH, Jo H, Kim SH, Park IA, Kang D, Lee CH, Han SS, Kim JW, Park NH, Kang SB, Song YS. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171:100-4. [PMID: 19723042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are important factors for cancer invasion and metastasis, degrading the extracellular matrix. They are also associated with angiogenesis. Angiogenic phenotype is another feature of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, their associations with the progression of low-grade CIN to high-grade CIN are unexplored. We investigated whether these proteolytic enzyme expressions correlate with the progression of CIN. A total of 39 paraffin-embedded specimens from 10 patients with CIN grade 1, nine with CIN grade 2, and 20 with CIN grade 3 were assessed immunohistochemically by specific antibodies against MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA. MMP-9 expression was higher in CIN 3 lesions (47.4%) than in CIN 1 (22.2%) and CIN 2 (20.2%) lesions, although the difference failed to reach statistical significance. The expression level of uPA and MMP-2 was not associated with the grade of CIN lesions. Interestingly, we found a significant association between expressions of uPA and MMP-2 (P= 0.028). Our results suggest that MMP-9 might play a role in the progression of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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515
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Abstract
The continuously increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes will be accompanied by a greater incidence of diabetic foot ulcer, a complication in which many of the morphological processes involved in normal wound healing are disrupted. The highly complex and integrated process of wound healing is regulated by a large array of molecular factors. These often have overlapping functions, ensuring a certain degree of tolerance through redundancy. In diabetes, changes to the expression of a large number of molecular factors have been observed, overwhelming this inbuilt redundancy. This results in delayed healing or incomplete healing as in ulceration. Understanding the relationship between altered levels of molecular factors and the inhibited healing process in such ulcers will permit the development of targeted treatments aimed to greatly improve the quality of life of patients, at the same time helping to reduce the huge costs associated with treating this diabetic condition and its long-term consequences. This short review examines how changes in the expression of molecular factors are related to altered morphology in diabetic foot ulceration and very briefly considers treatment strategies at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blakytny
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Germany
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516
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Jobim F, Xavier N, Uchoa D, Cruz D, Saciloto M, Chemello N, Schwartsmann G. Prevalence of vascular-endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in primary breast cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:979-87. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F.C. Jobim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | - D.M. Uchoa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - D.B. Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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517
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Portela VM, Veiga A, Price CA. Regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 metalloproteinases by FSH and growth factors in bovine granulosa cells. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:516-20. [PMID: 21637514 PMCID: PMC3036041 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are key enzymes involved in tissue remodeling. Within the ovary, they are believed to play a major role in ovulation, and have been linked to follicle atresia. To gain insight into the regulation of MMPs, we measured the effect of hormones and growth factors on MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA levels in non-luteinizing granulosa cells in serum-free culture. FSH and IGF1 both stimulated estradiol secretion and inhibited MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA abundance. In contrast, EGF and FGF2 both inhibited estradiol secretion but had no effect on MMP expression. At physiological doses, none of these hormones altered the proportion of dead cells. Although we cannot link MMP expression with apoptosis, the specific down regulation by the gonadotropic hormones FSH and IGF1 in vitro suggests that excess MMP2 and MMP9 expression is neither required nor desired for follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio M Portela
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC Canada
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518
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Staton CA, Brown NJ, Reed MWR. Current status and future prospects for anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:961-79. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903196737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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519
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Qutub AA, Mac Gabhann F, Karagiannis ED, Vempati P, Popel AS. Multiscale models of angiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:14-31. [PMID: 19349248 DOI: 10.1109/memb.2009.931791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, inflammation, asthma, obesity, arthritis--the list of conditions that involve angiogenesis reads like main chapters in a book on pathology. Angiogenesis, the growth of capillaries from preexisting vessels, also occurs in normal physiology, in response to exercise or in the process of wound healing.Why and when is angiogenesis prevalent? What controls the process? How can we intelligently control it? These are the key questions driving researchers in fields as diverse as cell biology, oncology, cardiology, neurology, biomathematics, systems biology, and biomedical engineering. As bioengineers, we approach angiogenesis as a complex, interconnected system of events occurring in sequence and in parallel, on multiple levels, triggered by a main stimulus, e.g., hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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520
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Gomes EGDA, Jucá MJ, Menezes HLD, Nunes BLBBP, Costa H, Lima FDO, Matos D. Correlation between the immunohistochemical expressions of MMP-1, MMP-7 and VEGF and prognostic factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Acta Cir Bras 2009; 24:303-10. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502009000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To analyze the expression of metalloproteinase-1, metalloproteinase-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colorectal adenocarcinoma, and to correlate these with the clinical-pathological prognostic factors. METHODS: Tumor tissue from 82 patients was fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks. These samples were analyzed by means of the streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical method, using the tissue microarray technique. Marker positivity was evaluated using categorical scores that determined cutoff percentages of stained tumor cells. Protein tissue expression was correlated with the variables of degree of cell differentiation, staging, disease-free interval, recurrence, survival and specific mortality. The Fisher exact and Kaplan-Meier tests were used to assess associations between the markers and the study variables. The log-rank and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the significance of differences between curves of disease-free interval and survival. RESULTS: All tumors were positive for metalloproteinase-1; 50 (61%) were positive and 32 (39%) were negative for metalloproteinase-7; and 60 (74.1%) were positive and 21 (25.9%) were negative for VEGF. Correlation of marker expression, both in groups and individually, did not show statistical significance in relation to the degree of cell differentiation, staging, disease-free interval, survival or specific mortality. Recurrence showed a statistically significant correlation with positive expression of the three markers, when analyzed as a group (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: The associated expression of metalloproteinase-1, metalloproteinase-7 and VEGF in colorectal adenocarcinoma is related to the incidence of disease recurrence.
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521
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Islam MK, Tsuji N, Miyoshi T, Alim MA, Huang X, Hatta T, Fujisaki K. The Kunitz-like modulatory protein haemangin is vital for hard tick blood-feeding success. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000497. [PMID: 19593376 PMCID: PMC2701603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are serious haematophagus arthropod pests and are only second to mosquitoes as vectors of diseases of humans and animals. The salivary glands of the slower feeding hard ticks such as Haemaphysalis longicornis are a rich source of bioactive molecules and are critical to their biologic success, yet distinct molecules that help prolong parasitism on robust mammalian hosts and achieve blood-meals remain unidentified. Here, we report on the molecular and biochemical features and precise functions of a novel Kunitz inhibitor from H. longicornis salivary glands, termed Haemangin, in the modulation of angiogenesis and in persistent blood-feeding. Haemangin was shown to disrupt angiogenesis and wound healing via inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Further, this compound potently inactivated trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasmin, indicating its antiproteolytic potential on angiogenic cascades. Analysis of Haemangin-specific gene expression kinetics at different blood-feeding stages of adult ticks revealed a dramatic up-regulation prior to complete feeding, which appears to be functionally linked to the acquisition of blood-meals. Notably, disruption of Haemangin-specific mRNA by a reverse genetic tool significantly diminished engorgement of adult H. longicornis, while the knock-down ticks failed to impair angiogenesis in vivo. To our knowledge, we have provided the first insights into transcriptional responses of human microvascular endothelial cells to Haemangin. DNA microarray data revealed that Haemangin altered the expression of 3,267 genes, including those of angiogenic significance, further substantiating the antiangiogenic function of Haemangin. We establish the vital roles of Haemangin in the hard tick blood-feeding process. Moreover, our results provide novel insights into the blood-feeding strategies that enable hard ticks to persistently feed and ensure full blood-meals through the modulation of angiogenesis and wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Khyrul Islam
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeharu Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M. Abdul Alim
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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522
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Mueller J, Gaertner FC, Blechert B, Janssen KP, Essler M. Targeting of Tumor Blood Vessels: A Phage-Displayed Tumor-Homing Peptide Specifically Binds to Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Processed Collagen IV and Blocks Angiogenesis In vivo. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1078-85. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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523
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Iwai S, Aljada A, Higa A, Nakanishi-Ueda T, Fukuda S, Kamegawa M, Iwabuchi S, Ueda T, Caballero S, Browne R, Afzal A, Grant M, Yasuhara H, Koide R, Oguchi K, Dandona P, Armstrong D. Activation of AP-1 and Increased Synthesis of MMP-9 in the Rabbit Retina Induced by Lipid Hydroperoxide. Curr Eye Res 2009; 31:337-46. [PMID: 16603467 DOI: 10.1080/02713680600577780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We identified the temporal expression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LHP) induction of retinal neovascularization. METHODS After injection of LHP into the vitreous of rabbits, samples were collected for AP-1 binding activity and mRNA for MMP-9 and MMPs activity. AP-1 binding activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. MMP-9 activity was measured by zymography and mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS AP-1 binding activity was increased at 1-3 hr. MMP-9 mRNA levels were increased at 3 hr in the neural retina and by 12 hr in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. MMP-9 proteolytic activity was elevated within the neural retina and within the vitreous and in the RPE-interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) at 12 hr and peaked at 24 hr or 4 days. CONCLUSIONS LHP increases the transcription factor AP-1 which in turn may regulate retinal MMP-9 synthesis during neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Iwai
- Departement of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Florida, USA.
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524
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Mimura T, Han KY, Onguchi T, Chang JH, Kim TI, Kojima T, Zhou Z, Azar DT. MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of decorin in corneal angiogenesis. J Vasc Res 2009; 46:541-50. [PMID: 19571574 DOI: 10.1159/000226222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Decorin has been shown to have antiangiogenic properties. In this study, we evaluate the involvement of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a proangiogenic enzyme, in decorin cleavage in the cornea. METHODS MT1-MMP expression was confirmed immunohistochemically in keratocytes and immortalized corneal fibroblast cell lines. Corneal micropockets of bFGF were used to assess the expression of decorin and MT1-MMP. Western blotting was used to evaluate decorin degradation by MT1-MMP. Aortic ring tube formation assays were used to assay the inhibitory effect of decorin and stimulatory effect of MT1-MMP on vascular endothelial cells in vitro. RESULTS We show that MT1-MMP expression is upregulated following bFGF pellet implantation in the cornea in vivo, and that MT1-MMP cleaves decorin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of MT1-MMP reduces the inhibitory effects of decorin on aortic ring tube formation in vitro. Cleavage of decorin by MT1-MMP-deficient corneal cell lysates is diminished relative to that by wild-type corneal cell lysates, and an MT1-MMP knockin restores decorin processing in vitro. CONCLUSION The proangiogenic role of MT1-MMP in the cornea may be mediated, in part, by facilitated cleavage of corneal decorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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525
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Extracellular matrix turnover and signaling during cardiac remodeling following MI: causes and consequences. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:558-63. [PMID: 19559709 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept that extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover occurs during cardiac remodeling is a well-accepted paradigm. To date, a multitude of studies document that remodeling is accompanied by increases in the synthesis and deposition of ECM components as well as increases in extracellular proteases, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which break down ECM components. Further, soluble ECM fragments generated from enzymatic action serve to stimulate cell behavior and have been proposed as candidate plasma biomarkers of cardiac remodeling. This review briefly summarizes our current knowledge base on cardiac ECM turnover following myocardial infarction (MI), but more importantly extends discussion by defining avenues that remain to be explored to drive the ECM remodeling field forward. Specifically, this review will discuss cause and effect roles for the ECM changes observed following MI and the potential role of the ECM changes that may serve as trigger points to regulate remodeling. While the pattern of remodeling following MI is qualitatively similar but quantitatively different from various types of injury, the basic theme in remodeling is repeated. Therefore, while we use the MI model as the prototype injury model, the themes discussed here are also relevant to cardiac remodeling due to other types of injury.
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526
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Álvarez N, Vicente V, Martínez C. Synergistic Effect of Diosmin and Interferon-α on Metastatic Pulmonary Melanoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:347-52. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Álvarez
- University of Murcia Institute of Research into Aging, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- University of Murcia Institute of Research into Aging, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Department of Human Resources and Rural Development, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
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527
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Yamasaki K, Gallo RL. The molecular pathology of rosacea. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 55:77-81. [PMID: 19481425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects over 10 million Americans. Although the phenotypes of rosacea are clinically heterogeneous, they are all related by the presence of chronic facial skin inflammation. Until recently, the pathophysiology of this disease has been poorly understood and limited to descriptions of factors that exacerbate or improve this disorder. Recent molecular studies suggest that an altered innate immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of the vascular and inflammatory disease seen in patients with rosacea. These findings may help explain the benefits of current treatments and suggest new therapeutic strategies helpful for alleviating this disease. This article discusses the possible molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of rosacea from current clinical observations and laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Yamasaki
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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528
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Huang PH, Chen YH, Wang CH, Chen JS, Tsai HY, Lin FY, Lo WY, Wu TC, Sata M, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is essential for ischemia-induced neovascularization by modulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1179-84. [PMID: 19461050 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.189175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in the process of neovascularization. Here we show that the impaired neovascularization in mice lacking MMP-9 is related to a defect in EPC functions in vasculogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Hindlimb ischemia surgery was conducted in MMP-9(-/-) mice and wild-type (MMP-9(+/+)) mice. Blood flow recovery was markedly impaired in MMP-9(-/-) mice when compared with that in wild-type mice as determined by laser Doppler imaging. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the number of EPC-like cells (Sca-1(+)/Flk-1(+)) in peripheral blood increased in wild-type mice after hindlimb ischemia surgery and exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation, but not in MMP-9(-/-) mice. Plasma levels and bone marrow concentrations of soluble Kit-ligand (sKitL) were significantly elevated in wild-type mice in response to tissue ischemia, but not in MMP-9(-/-) mice. C-kit positive bone marrow cells of MMP-9(-/-) mice have attenuated adhesion and migration than those isolated from wild-type mice. In in vitro studies, incubation with selective MMP-9 inhibitor suppressed the colony formation, migration, and tube formation capacities of EPC. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from wild-type mice restored collateral flow formation in MMP-9(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MMP-9 deficiency impairs ischemia-induced neovascularization, and these effects may occur through a reduction in releasing the stem cell-active cytokine, and EPC mobilization, migration, and vasculogenesis functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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529
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Endothelial Cell Culture of Intramuscular Venous Malformation and Its Invasive Behavior Related to Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 123:1419-1430. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181a073eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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530
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Arnaoutova I, George J, Kleinman HK, Benton G. The endothelial cell tube formation assay on basement membrane turns 20: state of the science and the art. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:267-74. [PMID: 19399631 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 20 years since it was first demonstrated that endothelial cells will rapidly form capillary-like structures in vitro when plated on top of a reconstituted basement membrane extracellular matrix (BME, Matrigel, EHS matrix, etc.). Subsequently, this morphological differentiation has been demonstrated with a variety of endothelial cells; with endothelial progenitor cells; and with transformed/immortalized endothelial cells. The differentiation process involves several steps in blood vessel formation, including cell adhesion, migration, alignment, protease secretion, and tubule formation. Because the formation of vessel structures is rapid and quantifiable, endothelial cell differentiation on basement membrane has found numerous applications in assays. Such differentiation has been used (1) to study angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, (2) to define mechanisms and pathways involved in angiogenesis, and (3) to define endothelial cell populations. Further, the endothelial cell differentiation assay has been successfully used to study processes ranging from wound repair and reproduction to development and tumor growth. The assay is easy to perform and is the most widely used in vitro angiogenesis assay.
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531
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Association of survival and disease progression with chromosomal instability: a genomic exploration of colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:7131-6. [PMID: 19359472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902232106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During disease progression the cells that comprise solid malignancies undergo significant changes in gene copy number and chromosome structure. Colorectal cancer provides an excellent model to study this process. To indentify and characterize chromosomal abnormalities in colorectal cancer, we performed a statistical analysis of 299 expression and 130 SNP arrays profiled at different stages of the disease, including normal tissue, adenoma, stages 1-4 adenocarcinoma, and metastasis. We identified broad (> 1/2 chromosomal arm) and focal (< 1/2 chromosomal arm) events. Broad amplifications were noted on chromosomes 7, 8q, 13q, 20, and X and broad deletions on chromosomes 4, 8p, 14q, 15q, 17p, 18, 20p, and 22q. Focal events (gains or losses) were identified in regions containing known cancer pathway genes, such as VEGFA, MYC, MET, FGF6, FGF23, LYN, MMP9, MYBL2, AURKA, UBE2C, and PTEN. Other focal events encompassed potential new candidate tumor suppressors (losses) and oncogenes (gains), including CCDC68, CSMD1, POLR1D, and PMEPA1. From the expression data, we identified genes whose expression levels reflected their copy number changes and used this relationship to impute copy number changes to samples without accompanying SNP data. This analysis provided the statistical power to show that deletions of 8p, 4p, and 15q are associated with survival and disease progression, and that samples with simultaneous deletions in 18q, 8p, 4p, and 15q have a particularly poor prognosis. Annotation analysis reveals that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway shows a strong tendency for decreased expression in the samples characterized by poor prognosis.
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532
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Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L, Sanderson S. In vitro assays for endothelial cell functions related to angiogenesis: proliferation, motility, tubular differentiation, and proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 467:159-81. [PMID: 19301670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-241-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the breakdown of the process of angiogenesis into simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described are suitable for studying stimulators or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The procedures outlined are robust and straightforward but cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does myriad positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells, including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes, and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict responses in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis, or surrogate techniques such as Matrigel plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays, etc.) remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, McElwain Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
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533
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Chen DL, Ping YF, Yu SC, Chen JH, Yao XH, Jiang XF, Zhang HR, Wang QL, Bian XW. Downregulating FPR restrains xenograft tumors by impairing the angiogenic potential and invasive capability of malignant glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:448-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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534
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Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Adenomyosis and Endometrial Polyps and its Correlation With Angiogenesis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009; 28:148-56. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e318187033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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535
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Tilakaratne WM, Kobayashi T, Ida-Yonemochi H, Swelam W, Yamazaki M, Mikami T, Alvarado CG, Shahidul AM, Maruyama S, Cheng J, Saku T. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 and perlecan in oral epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ: an aid for histopathologic recognition of their cell proliferation centers. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:348-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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536
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Ma YM, Sun T, Liu YX, Zhao N, Gu Q, Zhang DF, Qie S, Ni CS, Liu Y, Sun BC. A pilot study on acute inflammation and cancer: a new balance between IFN-gamma and TGF-beta in melanoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:23. [PMID: 19228418 PMCID: PMC2683570 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent data have redefined the concept of inflammation as a critical component of tumor progression. However, there has been little development on cases where inflammation on or near a wound and a tumor exist simultaneously. Therefore, this pilot study aims to observe the impact of a wound on a tumor, to build a new mouse tumor model with a manufactured surgical wound representing acute inflammation, and to evaluate the relationship between acute inflammation or wound healing and the process of tumor growth. We focus on the two phases that are present when acute inflammation influences tumor. In the early phase, inhibitory effects are present. The process that produces these effects is the functional reaction of IFN-γ secretions from a wound inflammation. In the latter phase, the inhibited tumor is made resistant to IFN-γ through the release of TGF-β to balance the inflammatory factor effect on the tumor cells. A pair of cytokines IFN-γ/TGF-β established a new balance to protect the tumor from the interference effect of the inflammation. The tumor was made resistant to IFN-γ through the release of TGF-β to balance the inflammatory effect on the tumor cells. This balance mechanism that occurred in the tumor cells increased proliferation and invasion. In vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed a new view of clinical surgery that will provide more detailed information on the evaluation of tumors after surgery. This study also provides a better understanding of the relationship between tumor and inflammation, as well as tumor cell attacks on inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-mei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
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537
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Jiménez E, Pérez de la Blanca E, Urso L, González I, Salas J, Montiel M. Angiotensin II induces MMP 2 activity via FAK/JNK pathway in human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:769-74. [PMID: 19338750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and are modified in response to a variety of stimuli such as bioactive peptides, cytokines and/or grown factors. In this study, we demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces a time- and dose-dependent increase in the activity of metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The effect of Ang II was markedly attenuated in cells pretreated with wortmannin and LY294002, two selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), indicating that PI3K plays a key role in regulating MMP 2 activity. Similar results were observed when HUVEC were pretreated with genistein, a non-selective tyrosine kinases inhibitor, or with the specific Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2, demonstrating the involvement of protein tyrosine kinases, and particularly Src-family tyrosine kinases on the downstream signaling pathway of Ang II receptors. Furthermore, Ang II-induced MMP 2 activation was markedly blocked by SP600125, a selective c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, or pre-treatment of cells with antisense oligonucleotide to focal adhesion kinase (FAK), indicating that both molecules were important for the activation of MMP 2 by Ang II receptor stimulation. In conclusion, these results suggest that Ang II mediates an increase in MMP 2 activity in macrovascular endothelial cells through signal transduction pathways dependent on PI3K and Src-family tyrosine kinases activation, as well as JNK and FAK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Málaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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538
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Mauriz JL, González-Gallego J. Antiangiogenic drugs: current knowledge and new approaches to cancer therapy. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:4129-54. [PMID: 18200520 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis--process of new blood-vessel growth from existing vasculature--is an integral part of both normal developmental processes and numerous pathologies such as cancer, ischemic diseases and chronic inflammation. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role facilitating tumour growth and the metastatic process, and it is the result of a dynamic balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. The potential to block tumour growth and metastases by angiogenesis inhibition represents an intriguing approach to the cancer treatment. Angiogenesis continues to be a topic of major scientific interest; and there are currently more antiangiogenic drugs in cancer clinical trials than those that fit into any other mechanistic category. Based on preclinical studies, researchers believe that targeting the blood vessels which support tumour growth could help treatment of a broad range of cancers. Angiogenic factors or their receptors, endothelial cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinases or endothelial cell adhesion, are the main targets of an increasing number of clinical trials approved to test the tolerance and therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic agents. Unfortunately, contrary to initial expectations, it has been described that antiangiogenic treatment can cause different toxicities in cancer patients. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current attempts to inhibit tumour angiogenesis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Mauriz
- Ciberehd and Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus of Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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539
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Tang SJ, Ho MY, Cho HC, Lin YC, Sun GH, Chi KH, Wang YS, Jhou RS, Yang W, Sun KH. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1-overexpressing lung cancer cells reduce cyclooxygenase 2 expression and promote anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Int J Cancer 2009; 123:2840-8. [PMID: 18814280 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the known function in the glycolytic pathway, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) promotes reduction of plasmin disulfide bonds leading to angiostatin formation and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In this study, the effects of PGK-1 on anti- tumor immunity against lung cancer were evaluated using the Tet-Off control of PGK-1 expression in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1). There was no significant difference in cell proliferation between parental LLC-1 and LLC-1 transduced with PGK-1 (PGK-LLC-1). However, expression of PGK-1 was found to limit tumor growth in mice subcutaneously injected with the cell lines and tumor growth was restored after doxycycline treatment. In addition, the cell invasion ability of PGK-LLC-1 became weaker than that of LLC-1. Expressions of COX-2, TGF-beta1 and PGE2 were all found to be down-regulated in PGK-LLC-1. PGK-LLC-1 cells treated with doxycycline recovered their COX-2 protein expression. In the presence of conditioned medium from PGK-LLC-1, the endothelial cell migration was reduced. Moreover, PGK-LLC-1 also stimulated T lymphocytes to express higher levels of Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and lower levels of IL-10 in comparison with parental LLC-1. PGK-LLC-1 cells restored the growth rate in immunodeficient mice when compared with the growth rate in normal mice. In the tissue sections, reduced COX-2 expressions and marked infiltrated CD3 T lymphocytes were observed in the PGK-LLC-1 injected group. These findings indicate that overexpression of PGK-1 in LLC-1 reduces the COX-2 expression, and, in turn, affect PGE2, cell invasion, angiogenesis, and the immune functions, and finally inhibit the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shye-Jye Tang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
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540
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ADAM-17 regulates endothelial cell morphology, proliferation, and in vitro angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:33-8. [PMID: 19150341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of angiogenesis is a promising approach for treating a wide variety of human diseases including ischemic heart disease and cancer. In this study, we show that ADAM-17 is an important regulator of several key steps during angiogenesis. Knocking down ADAM-17 expression using lentivirus-delivered siRNA in HUVECs inhibited cell proliferation and the ability of cells to form close contact in two-dimensional cultures. Similarly, ADAM-17 depletion inhibited the ability of HUVECs to form capillary-like networks on top of three-dimensional Matrigel as well as in co-culture with fibroblasts within a three-dimensional scaffold. In mechanistic studies, both baseline and VEGF-induced MMP-2 activation and Matrigel invasion were inhibited by ADAM-17 depletion. Based on our findings we propose that ADAM-17 is part of a novel pro-angiogenic pathway leading to MMP-2 activation and vessel formation.
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541
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Kim DH, Kim JH, Kim EH, Na HK, Cha YN, Chung JH, Surh YJ. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and subsequently matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human breast cancer cells: possible roles of iron and ROS. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:645-54. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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542
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Abstract
Selective targeting of the tumour vasculature in the treatment of solid organ malignancies is an alternative to conventional chemotherapy treatment. As the tumour progressively increases in size, angiogenesis or the formation of new vasculature is essential to maintain the tumour's continual growth and survival. Therefore disrupting this angiogenic process or targeting the neovasculature can potentially hinder or prevent further tumour expansion. Many anti angiogenic agents have been investigated with many currently in clinical trials and exhibiting varied results. Vascular disrupting agents such as the Combretastatins and OXi 4503 have shown promising preclinical results and are currently being examined in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie S Chan
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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543
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Sherbet GV. Metastasis promoter S100A4 is a potentially valuable molecular target for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2008; 280:15-30. [PMID: 19059703 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The growth, invasion and metastatic spread of cancer have been identified with the deregulation of cell proliferation, altered intercellular and cell-substratum adhesion and enhanced motility and the deposition of disseminated cancer cells at distant sites. The identification of therapeutic targets for cancer is crucial to human welfare. Drug development, molecular modelling and design of effective drugs greatly depend upon the identification of suitable therapeutic targets. Several genetic determinants relating to proliferation and growth, invasion and metastasis have been identified. S100A4 appears to be able to activate and integrate pathways to generate the phenotypic responses that are characteristic of cancer. S100A4 signalling can focus on factors associated with normal and aberrant proliferation, apoptosis and growth, and differentiation. It is able to activate signalling pathways leading to the remodelling of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix; modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, acquisition of invasiveness and induction of angiogenesis. Therefore S100A4 is arguably a molecular target of considerable potential possessing a wide ranging biological activity that can alter and regulate the major phenotypic features of cancer. The evolution of an appropriate strategy that permits the identification of therapeutic targets most likely to be effective in the disease process without unduly affecting normal biological processes and function is an incontrovertible imperative. By virtue of its ability to activate interacting and multi-functional signalling systems, S100A4 appears to offer suitable targets for developing new therapeutic procedures. Some effectors of the S100A4-activated pathways might also lend themselves as foci of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Sherbet
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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544
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Kim DS, Jeon OH, Lee HD, Yoo KH, Kim DS. Integrin αvβ3-mediated transcriptional regulation of TIMP-1 in a human ovarian cancer cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:479-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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545
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Ukropec J, Ukropcova B, Kurdiova T, Gasperikova D, Klimes I. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle plasticity modulates metabolic health. Arch Physiol Biochem 2008; 114:357-68. [PMID: 19016045 DOI: 10.1080/13813450802535812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, accumulation of adipose tissue, develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Adipose tissue is essential for buffering the differences between energy intake and expenditure by accumulating lipids while skeletal muscle is the energy burning machine. Here we adopted the concept that (i) adipose tissue ability to regulate the storage capacity for lipids as well as (ii) dynamic regulation of muscle and adipose tissue secretory and metabolic activity is important for maintaining the metabolic health. This might be at least in part related to tissue plasticity, a phenomenon enabling dynamic modulation of the tissue phenotype in different physiological and pathophysiological situations. Recent advances in our understanding of the complex endocrine function of adipose tissue in regulating lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, inflammation and oxidative stress prompted us to review the role of tissue plasticity--dynamic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolic and endocrine phenotype--in determining the difference between metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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546
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Georges S, Ruiz Velasco C, Trichet V, Fortun Y, Heymann D, Padrines M. Proteases and bone remodelling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2008; 20:29-41. [PMID: 19041277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodelling is regulated by osteogenic cells which act individually through cellular and molecular interaction. These interactions can be established either through a cell-cell contact, involving molecules of the integrin family, or by the release of many polypeptidic factors and/or their soluble receptor chains. Proteolytic shedding of membrane-associated proteins regulates the physiological activity of numerous proteins. Proteases located on the plasma membrane, either as transmembrane proteins or anchored to cell-surface molecules, serve as activators or inhibitors of different cellular and physiological processes. This review will focus on the role of the proteases implicated in bone remodelling either through the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix or through their relations with osteogenic factors. Their implication in bone tumor progression will be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Georges
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, France
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547
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Coyne MJ, Cousin H, Loftus JP, Johnson PJ, Belknap JK, Gradil CM, Black SJ, Alfandari D. Cloning and expression of ADAM-related metalloproteases in equine laminitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 129:231-41. [PMID: 19131116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine laminitis is a debilitating disease affecting the digital laminae that suspend the distal phalanx within the hoof. While the clinical progression of the disease has been well documented, the molecular events associated with its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we have investigated the expression of genes coding for proteins containing a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease domain (ADAM), as well as genes encoding the natural inhibitors of these enzymes (tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease; TIMP) in horses with naturally-acquired (acute, chronic and aggravated chronic clinical cases) or experimentally-induced (black walnut extract (BWE) and starch gruel models) laminitis. Changes in expression of these enzymes and regulators may underlie the pathologic remodeling of lamellar tissue in laminitis. Genes encoding ADAMs involved in inflammation (ADAM-10 and ADAM-17), as well as those implicated in arthritis (ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) were cloned, and the sequences used to generate specific oligonucleotide primers for the RT-qPCR experiments. Our results show that genes encoding ADAM-10 and ADAM-17 were not induced in most laminitic animals, whereas ADAMTS-4 gene expression was strongly upregulated in nearly all horses with experimentally-induced and naturally-acquired laminitis. The expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-9 and ADAMTS-5 was also increased in many of the laminitic horses. In addition, TIMP-2 gene expression was decreased in most laminitic horses, whereas expression of genes encoding other TIMPs, namely TIMP-1 and TIMP-3, was randomly increased or decreased in the various models. We conclude that increased expression of lamellar ADAMTS-4 is a common feature of laminitis consistent with a central role of the gene product in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coyne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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548
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Kouhkan F, Motovali-Bashi M, Hojati Z. The influence of interstitial collagenase-1 genotype polymorphism on colorectal cancer risk in Iranian population. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:836-42. [PMID: 18798060 DOI: 10.1080/07357900801953204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial collagenase-1 degrades a variety of extracellular matrix components. A single guanine insertion polymorphism in the promoter has been found that influences on the transcription and expression level of the gene. It is suggested that this polymorphism may enhance susceptibility to some types of cancer. Therefore, this case-control study evaluated the association of this genotype polymorphism with susceptibility to initiation and invasion of colorectal cancer. For this reason, whole blood samples were obtained from 150 CRC patients and 100 control subjects in Tehran. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. We showed that 2G allele and 2G/2G genotype had higher frequencies in patients (60% and 39%, respectively) than in controls (47% and 23%, respectively). The CRC patients were divided into two groups: with metastasis (M+) and without metastasis (M-) groups. The 2G allele was more frequent in M+ group compared with control group. However, no significantly difference was observed between M-group and control (chi(2) = 0.48, P = 0.78 for 2G/2G genotype). Further stratification analyses showed that only gender (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 0.89-7.52 for women and OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.62-10.42 for men) and smoking (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.28-7.16 for non-smokers and OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 1.18-4.15 for smoker) may modify the risk of colorectal invasion related to 2G/2G genotype. Furthermore, individual with 2G/2G genotype seems to spread metastasis, 3 years earlier than those who were 1G/1G and 1G/2G. In conclusion, to our knowledge, the present epidemiological study for the first time indicates the relationship of 2G/2G genotype polymorphism with invasion risk of colorectal cancer in subgroups of gender and smoking, especially in smoker men.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kouhkan
- Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
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549
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Arscott WT, LaBauve AE, May V, Wesley UV. Suppression of neuroblastoma growth by dipeptidyl peptidase IV: relevance of chemokine regulation and caspase activation. Oncogene 2008; 28:479-91. [PMID: 18978811 PMCID: PMC2633428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imbalanced protease expression and activities may contribute to the development of cancers, including neuroblastoma (NB). NB is a fatal childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system that frequently overexpresses mitogenic peptides, chemokines and their receptors. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a cell surface serine protease, inactivates or degrades some of these bioactive peptides and chemokines, thereby regulating cell proliferation and survival. Our studies show that DPPIV is expressed in normal neural crest-derived structures, including superior cervical and dorsal root ganglion cells, sciatic nerve, and in adrenal glands, but its expression is greatly decreased or lost in cells derived from NB, their malignant counterpart. Restoration of DPPIV expression in NB cells led to their differentiation in association with increased expression of the neural marker MAP2 and decreased expression of chemokines, including stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF1) and its receptor CXCR4. Furthermore, DPPIV promoted apoptosis, and inhibited SDF1-mediated in vitro cell migration and angiogenic potential. These changes were accompanied by caspase activation and decreased levels of phospho-Akt and MMP9 activity, which are downstream effectors of SDF1-CXCR4 signaling. Importantly, DPPIV suppressed the tumorigenic potential of NB cells in a xenotransplantation mouse model. These data support a potential role for DPPIV in inhibiting NB growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Arscott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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550
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Tauro JR, Lee BS, Lateef SS, Gemeinhart RA. Matrix metalloprotease selective peptide substrates cleavage within hydrogel matrices for cancer chemotherapy activation. Peptides 2008; 29:1965-73. [PMID: 18652863 PMCID: PMC2592099 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To utilize biologic mechanisms to elicit controlled release in response to disease, protease-sensitive devices have been created. Hydrogels were created with pendant peptide-drug complexes. For the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) examined, a length of six amino acids greatly improved the specificity of the peptide (k(cat)/K(m) approximately 2.4+/-0.1x10(4)M(-1)s(-1)) over shorter sequences (k(cat)/K(m) approximately 4.4+/-0.2x10(2)M(-1)s(-1)). The peptides did not exhibit anti-proliferative effects upon cancer cells, and peptide-platinum complexes showed similar anti-proliferative effects upon the cancer cells compared to the free platinum drugs. Once the peptide-drug complex was incorporated into the hydrogels, the release was dependent upon the presence of MMP in the solution with approximately 35% of platinum released from hydrogels in the presence of MMP and only 10% without MMP in the week examined. The released drug exhibited the expected anti-proliferative activity over several days of incubation. The MMP selective drug delivery holds much potential for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita R. Tauro
- The University of Illinois, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bao-Shiang Lee
- The University of Illinois, Protein Research Laboratory, Research Resources Center, Chicago, IL 60612-7341, USA
| | - Syed S. Lateef
- The University of Illinois, Protein Research Laboratory, Research Resources Center, Chicago, IL 60612-7341, USA
| | - Richard A. Gemeinhart
- The University of Illinois, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- The University of Illinois, Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
- Corresponding Author: Richard A. Gemeinhart, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street (MC 865), Chicago, IL 60612-7231 USA, Voice: +1 (312) 996-2253, Facsimile: +1 (312) 996-2784, E-mail:
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