501
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CpG-ODN induced antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks involves a substantial shift in serum metabolic profiles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9028. [PMID: 33907214 PMCID: PMC8079682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic CpG-ODNs can promote antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks by enriching immune compartments and activating immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo profound metabolic changes to meet cellular biosynthesis and energy demands and facilitate the signaling processes. We hypothesize that CpG-ODNs induced immune activation can change the host’s metabolic demands in neonatal chicks. Here, we used NMR-based metabolomics to explore the potential of immuno-metabolic interactions in the orchestration of CpG-ODN-induced antimicrobial immunity. We administered CpG-ODNs to day-old broiler chicks via intrapulmonary (IPL) and intramuscular (IM) routes. A negative control group was administered IPL distilled water (DW). In each group (n = 60), chicks (n = 40) were challenged with a lethal dose of Escherichia coli, two days post-CpG-ODN administration. CpG-ODN administered chicks had significantly higher survival (P < 0.05), significantly lower cumulative clinical scores (P < 0.05), and lower bacterial loads (P < 0.05) compared to the DW control group. In parallel experiments, we compared NMR-based serum metabolomic profiles in neonatal chicks (n = 20/group, 24 h post-treatment) treated with IM versus IPL CpG-ODNs or distilled water (DW) control. Serum metabolomics revealed that IM administration of CpG-ODN resulted in a highly significant and consistent decrease in amino acids, purines, betaine, choline, acetate, and a slight decrease in glucose. IPL CpG-ODN treatment resulted in a similar decrease in purines and choline but less extensive decrease in amino acids, a stronger decrease in acetate, and a considerable increase in 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, formic acid and a mild increase in TCA cycle intermediates (all P < 0.05 after FDR adjustment). These perturbations in pathways associated with energy production, amino acid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis, most probably reflect increased uptake of nutrients to the cells, to support cell proliferation triggered by the innate immune response. Our study revealed for the first time that CpG-ODNs change the metabolomic landscape to establish antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks. The metabolites highlighted in the present study can help future targeted studies to better understand immunometabolic interactions and pinpoint the key molecules or pathways contributing to immunity.
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502
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Verberk SGS, van der Zande HJP, Baardman J, de Goede KE, Harber KJ, Keuning ED, Lambooij JM, Otto F, Zawistowska-Deniziak A, de Vries HE, de Winther MPJ, Guigas B, Van den Bossche J. Myeloid ATP Citrate Lyase Regulates Macrophage Inflammatory Responses In Vitro Without Altering Inflammatory Disease Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669920. [PMID: 33981315 PMCID: PMC8107722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic, key regulators of inflammation. Deregulation of macrophage activation can lead to excessive inflammation as seen in inflammatory disorders like atherosclerosis, obesity, multiple sclerosis and sepsis. Targeting intracellular metabolism is considered as an approach to reshape deranged macrophage activation and to dampen the progression of inflammatory disorders. ATP citrate lyase (Acly) is a key metabolic enzyme and an important regulator of macrophage activation. Using a macrophage-specific Acly-deficient mouse model, we investigated the role of Acly in macrophages during acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. First, we performed RNA sequencing to demonstrate that Acly-deficient macrophages showed hyperinflammatory gene signatures in response to acute LPS stimulation in vitro. Next, we assessed endotoxin-induced peritonitis in myeloid-specific Acly-deficient mice and show that, apart from increased splenic Il6 expression, systemic and local inflammation were not affected by Acly deficiency. Also during obesity, both chronic low-grade inflammation and whole-body metabolic homeostasis remained largely unaltered in mice with Acly-deficient myeloid cells. Lastly, we show that macrophage-specific Acly deletion did not affect the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. These results indicate that, despite increasing inflammatory responses in vitro, macrophage Acly deficiency does not worsen acute and chronic inflammatory responses in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that caution is warranted in prospective long-term treatments of inflammatory disorders with macrophage-specific Acly inhibitors. Together with our earlier observation that myeloid Acly deletion stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions, our findings highlight that therapeutic targeting of macrophage Acly can be beneficial in some, but not all, inflammatory disorders.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/genetics
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Inflammation/enzymology
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Obesity/complications
- Peptide Fragments
- Peritonitis/chemically induced
- Peritonitis/enzymology
- Peritonitis/genetics
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyra E. de Goede
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karl J. Harber
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eelco D. Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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503
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Abstract
Recent evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for T cell activation, proliferation, and function. Mitochondrial metabolism supports T cell anabolism by providing key metabolites for macromolecule synthesis and generating metabolites for T cell function. In this review, we focus on how mitochondrial metabolism controls conventional and regulatory T cell fates and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steinert
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Karthik Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
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504
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Luo F, Chu Y. Optimization of T Cell Redirecting Strategies: Obtaining Inspirations From Natural Process of T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664329. [PMID: 33981310 PMCID: PMC8107274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) redirected T cell against tumors is one of the most promising immunotherapy approaches. However, insufficient clinical outcomes are still observed in treatments of both solid and non-solid tumors. Limited efficacy and poor persistence are two major challenges in redirected T cell therapies. The immunological synapse (IS) is a vital component during the T cell response, which largely determines the clinical outcomes of T cell-based therapies. Here, we review the structural and signaling characteristics of IS formed by natural T cells and redirected T cells. Furthermore, inspired by the elaborate natural T cell receptor-mediated IS, we provide potential strategies for higher efficacy and longer persistence of redirected T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Gao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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505
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Jenkins Y, Zabkiewicz J, Ottmann O, Jones N. Tinkering under the Hood: Metabolic Optimisation of CAR-T Cell Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10020017. [PMID: 33925949 PMCID: PMC8167549 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are one of the most exciting areas of immunotherapy to date. Clinically available CAR-T cells are used to treat advanced haematological B-cell malignancies with complete remission achieved at around 30-40%. Unfortunately, CAR-T cell success rates are even less impressive when considering a solid tumour. Reasons for this include the paucity of tumour specific targets and greater degree of co-expression on normal tissues. However, there is accumulating evidence that considerable competition for nutrients such as carbohydrates and amino acids within the tumour microenvironment (TME) coupled with immunosuppression result in mitochondrial dysfunction, exhaustion, and subsequent CAR-T cell depletion. In this review, we will examine research avenues being pursued to dissect the various mechanisms contributing to the immunosuppressive TME and outline in vitro strategies currently under investigation that focus on boosting the metabolic program of CAR-T cells as a mechanism to overcome the immunosuppressive TME. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques boost oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fitness in CAR-T cells, resulting in an enhanced central memory T cell compartment and increased anti-tumoural immunity. These include intracellular metabolic enhancers and extracellular in vitro culture optimisation pre-infusion. It is likely that the next generation of CAR-T products will incorporate these elements of metabolic manipulation in CAR-T cell design and manufacture. Given the importance of immunometabolism and T cell function, it is critical that we identify ways to metabolically armour CAR-T cells to overcome the hostile TME and increase clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Joanna Zabkiewicz
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Department of Haematology, Heath Hospital, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.Z.); (O.O.)
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Department of Haematology, Heath Hospital, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (J.Z.); (O.O.)
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
- Correspondence:
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506
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Li Y, Wu Y, Hu Y. Metabolites in the Tumor Microenvironment Reprogram Functions of Immune Effector Cells Through Epigenetic Modifications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641883. [PMID: 33927716 PMCID: PMC8078775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism of both cancer and immune cells in the acidic, hypoxic, and nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironment (TME) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer cells in TME could outcompete immune cells for nutrients and at the same time, producing inhibitory products that suppress immune effector cell functions. Recent progress revealed that metabolites in the TME could dysregulate gene expression patterns in the differentiation, proliferation, and activation of immune effector cells by interfering with the epigenetic programs and signal transduction networks. Nevertheless, encouraging studies indicated that metabolic plasticity and heterogeneity between cancer and immune effector cells could provide us the opportunity to discover and target the metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells while potentiating the anti-tumor functions of immune effector cells. In this review, we will discuss the metabolic impacts on the immune effector cells in TME and explore the therapeutic opportunities for metabolically enhanced immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.,Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.,Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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507
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Zhu S, Guo Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Yin M, Chen X, Peng C. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:240-248. [PMID: 33246091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is a critical regulator in tumor metabolism. PKM2 has been demonstrated to overexpressed in various cancers and promoted proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. The errant expression of PKM2 has inspired people to investigate the function of PKM2 and the therapeutic potential in cancer. In addition, some studies have shown that the upregulation of PKM2 in tumor tissues is associated with the altered expression of lncRNAs and the poor survival. Therefore, researchers have begun to unravel the specific molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated PKM2 expression in cancer metabolism. As the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential in tumor development, it is necessary to identify the role of PKM2 in TME. In this review, we will introduce the role of PKM2 in different cancers as well as TME, and summarize the molecular mechanism of PKM2-related lncRNAs in cancer metabolism. We expect that this work will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PKM2 that may help in developing therapeutic strategies in clinic for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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508
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Lam C, Low JY, Tran PT, Wang H. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and cancer: Current knowledge and future therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:11-18. [PMID: 33484754 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a glucose metabolism pathway that results in the synthesis of a nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, which is subsequently used for the post-translational modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of intracellular proteins that regulate nutrient sensing and stress response. The HBP is carried out by a series of enzymes, many of which have been extensively implicated in cancer pathophysiology. Increasing evidence suggests that elevated activation of the HBP may act as a cancer biomarker. Inhibition of HBP enzymes could suppress tumor cell growth, modulate the immune response, reduce resistance, and sensitize tumor cells to conventional cancer therapy. Therefore, targeting the HBP may serve as a novel strategy for treating cancer patients. Here, we review the current findings on the significance of HBP enzymes in various cancers and discuss future approaches for exploiting HBP inhibition for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lam
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Jin-Yih Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States.
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509
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Rossi A, Pacella I, Piconese S. RNA Flow Cytometry for the Study of T Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083906. [PMID: 33918901 PMCID: PMC8069477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells undergo activation and differentiation programs along a continuum of states that can be tracked through flow cytometry using a combination of surface and intracellular markers. Such dynamic behavior is the result of transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, initiated and sustained by the activation of specific transcription factors and by epigenetic remodeling. These signaling pathways are tightly integrated with metabolic routes in a bidirectional manner: on the one hand, T cell receptors and costimulatory molecules activate metabolic reprogramming; on the other hand, metabolites modify T cell transcriptional programs and functions. Flow cytometry represents an invaluable tool to analyze the integration of phenotypical, functional, metabolic and transcriptional features, at the single cell level in heterogeneous T cell populations, and from complex microenvironments, with potential clinical application in monitoring the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the most recent advances in flow cytometry-based analysis of gene expression, in combination with indicators of mitochondrial activity, with the aim of revealing and characterizing major metabolic pathways in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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510
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Basso PJ, Andrade-Oliveira V, Câmara NOS. Targeting immune cell metabolism in kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:465-480. [PMID: 33828286 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the relationship between immunometabolism and inflammation have enabled the targeting of several immunity-mediated inflammatory processes that underlie infectious diseases and cancer or drive transplant rejection, but this field remains largely unexplored in kidney diseases. The kidneys comprise heterogeneous cell populations, contain distinct microenvironments such as areas of hypoxia and hypersalinity, and are responsible for a functional triad of filtration, reabsorption and secretion. These distinctive features create myriad potential metabolic therapeutic targets in the kidney. Immune cells have crucial roles in the maintenance of kidney homeostasis and in the response to kidney injury, and their function is intricately connected to their metabolic properties. Changes in nutrient availability and biomolecules, such as cytokines, growth factors and hormones, initiate cellular signalling events that involve energy-sensing molecules and other metabolism-related proteins to coordinate immune cell differentiation, activation and function. Disruption of homeostasis promptly triggers the metabolic reorganization of kidney immune and non-immune cells, which can promote inflammation and tissue damage. The metabolic differences between kidney and immune cells offer an opportunity to specifically target immunometabolism in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José Basso
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Transplantation, Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Transplantation, Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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511
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Asantewaa G, Harris IS. Glutathione and its precursors in cancer. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:292-299. [PMID: 33819793 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Buffering oxidative stress is as a crucial requirement for tumorigenesis. Antioxidant is a term reserved for molecules that quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate oxidative stress. The details regarding antioxidant synthesis, their utilization to eliminate ROS, and their ability to promote different stages of tumorigenesis are unclear. Here, we focus on glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant in the cell, and its precursor amino acids (cysteine, glutamate, and glycine). Even though GSH was discovered more than a century ago, continued research into this antioxidant has provided answers to longstanding questions while also posing new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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512
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Yap TA, Parkes EE, Peng W, Moyers JT, Curran MA, Tawbi HA. Development of Immunotherapy Combination Strategies in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1368-1397. [PMID: 33811048 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer through inhibitors of CTLA4 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the landscape of cancer. Rational combination strategies aim to enhance the antitumor effects of immunotherapies, but require a deep understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immune system and robust preclinical and clinical drug development strategies. We review the current approved immunotherapy combinations, before discussing promising combinatorial approaches in clinical trials and detailing innovative preclinical model systems being used to develop rational combinations. We also discuss the promise of high-order immunotherapy combinations, as well as novel biomarker and combinatorial trial strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors are approved as dual checkpoint strategies, and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors for multiple cancers, patient benefit remains limited. Innovative approaches are required to guide the development of novel immunotherapy combinations, ranging from improvements in preclinical tumor model systems to biomarker-driven trial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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513
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Ugel S, Canè S, De Sanctis F, Bronte V. Monocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:93-122. [PMID: 33497262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade. Nonetheless, prolonged survival is limited to relatively few patients. Cancers enforce a multifaceted immune-suppressive network whose nature is progressively shaped by systemic and local cues during tumor development. Monocytes bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and can affect the tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms that induce immune tolerance, angiogenesis, and increased dissemination of tumor cells. Yet monocytes can also give rise to antitumor effectors and activate antigen-presenting cells. This yin-yang activity relies on the plasticity of monocytes in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the ontogeny, heterogeneity, and functions of monocytes and monocyte-derived cells in cancer, pinpointing the main pathways that are important for modeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy;
| | - Stefania Canè
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy;
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy;
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514
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Cruz-Bermúdez A, Laza-Briviesca R, Casarrubios M, Sierra-Rodero B, Provencio M. The Role of Metabolism in Tumor Immune Evasion: Novel Approaches to Improve Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:361. [PMID: 33807260 PMCID: PMC8067102 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment exhibits altered metabolic properties as a consequence of the needs of tumor cells, the natural selection of the most adapted clones, and the selfish relationship with other cell types. Beyond its role in supporting uncontrolled tumor growth, through energy and building materials obtention, metabolism is a key element controlling tumor immune evasion. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, being the first line of treatment for multiple types of malignancies. However, many patients either do not benefit from immunotherapy or eventually relapse. In this review we overview the immunoediting process with a focus on the metabolism-related elements that are responsible for increased immune evasion, either through reduced immunogenicity or increased resistance of tumor cells to the apoptotic action of immune cells. Finally, we describe the main molecules to modulate these immune evasion processes through the control of the metabolic microenvironment as well as their clinical developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
| | - Raquel Laza-Briviesca
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casarrubios
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
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515
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Cong R, Sun L, Yang J, Cui H, Ji X, Zhu J, Gu JH, He B. Protein O-GlcNAcylation alleviates small intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111477. [PMID: 33765582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational protein modification that regulates fundamental cellular functions in both normal physiology and diseases. The levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation are determined by flux of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which is a branch of glycolysis, and are directly controlled by a pair of enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). An increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to have protective effects on ischemia-related insults in the heart and brain. To determine whether O-GlcNAcylation plays a beneficial role in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced intestinal injury, we used pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc to induce loss- and gain-of-function conditions and evaluated the viability and apoptosis of intestinal epithelioid cells in an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model and tissue injury grade in a small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (SIIR) mouse model. We found that 1) Upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation induced by glucosamine (GlcN, increase in HBP flux) or thiamet G (an OGA inhibitor) enhanced intestinal cell survival in the OGD model. In contrast, downregulation of O-GlcNAcylation induced by DON (due to a reduction in HBP flux) or OMSI-1 (an OGT inhibitor) made the cells more susceptible to hypoxia injury. 2) Reducing the increase in O-GlcNAcylation levels with a combination of either GlcN with DON or thiamet G with OMSI-1 partly canceled its protective effect on OGD-induced cell injury. 3) In the in vivo SIIR mouse model, GlcN augmented intestinal protein O-GlcNAcylation and significantly alleviated intestinal injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis. These results indicate that acute increases in protein O-GlcNAcylation confer protection against intestinal ischemia insults, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation, as an endogenous stress sensor, could be a universal protective mechanism and could be a potential therapeutic target for intestinal ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Cong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jushun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengxiang Cui
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bosheng He
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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516
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The adaptive transition of glioblastoma stem cells and its implications on treatments. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:124. [PMID: 33753720 PMCID: PMC7985200 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor occurring in the human central nervous system with overall median survival time <14.6 months. Current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy cannot reach an optimal remission since tumor resistance to therapy remains a challenge. Glioblastoma stem cells are considered to be responsible for tumor resistance in treating glioblastoma. Previous studies reported two subtypes, proneural and mesenchymal, of glioblastoma stem cells manifesting different sensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells, as well as tumor cells generate from which, showed resistance to radiochemotherapies. Besides, two metabolic patterns, glutamine or glucose dependent, of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells also manifested different sensitivity to radiochemotherapies. Glutamine dependent mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells are more sensitive to radiotherapy than glucose-dependent ones. Therefore, the transition between proneural and mesenchymal subtypes, or between glutamine-dependent and glucose-dependent, might lead to tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. Moreover, neural stem cells were also hypothesized to participate in glioblastoma stem cells mediated tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. In this review, we summarized the basic characteristics, adaptive transition and implications of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma therapy.
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517
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Rangel Rivera GO, Knochelmann HM, Dwyer CJ, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rivera-Reyes AM, Thaxton JE, Paulos CM. Fundamentals of T Cell Metabolism and Strategies to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645242. [PMID: 33815400 PMCID: PMC8014042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging reports show that metabolic pathways can be targeted to enhance T cell-mediated immunity to tumors. Yet, tumors consume key metabolites in the host to survive, thus robbing T cells of these nutrients to function and thrive. T cells are often deprived of basic building blocks for energy in the tumor, including glucose and amino acids needed to proliferate or produce cytotoxic molecules against tumors. Immunosuppressive molecules in the host further compromise the lytic capacity of T cells. Moreover, checkpoint receptors inhibit T cell responses by impairing their bioenergetic potential within tumors. In this review, we discuss the fundamental metabolic pathways involved in T cell activation, differentiation and response against tumors. We then address ways to target metabolic pathways to improve the next generation of immunotherapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amalia M Rivera-Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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518
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Anticancer Drug Resistance: A Focus on Amino Acids. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:682-699. [PMID: 33736962 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming anticancer drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy, requiring innovative strategies that consider the extensive tumor heterogeneity and adaptability. We provide recent evidence highlighting the key role of amino acid (AA) metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and the supportive microenvironment in driving resistance to anticancer therapies. AAs sustain the acquisition of anticancer resistance by providing essential building blocks for biosynthetic pathways and for maintaining a balanced redox status, and modulating the epigenetic profile of both malignant and non-malignant cells. In addition, AAs support the reduced intrinsic susceptibility of cancer stem cells to antineoplastic therapies. These findings shed new light on the possibility of targeting nonresponding tumors by modulating AA availability through pharmacological or dietary interventions.
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519
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DiNardo AR, Nishiguchi T, Grimm SL, Schlesinger LS, Graviss EA, Cirillo JD, Coarfa C, Mandalakas AM, Heyckendorf J, Kaufmann SHE, Lange C, Netea MG, Van Crevel R. Tuberculosis endotypes to guide stratified host-directed therapy. MED 2021; 2:217-232. [PMID: 34693385 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is hope that host-directed therapy (HDT) for Tuberculosis (TB) can either shorten treatment duration, help cure drug resistant disease or limit the immunopathology. Many candidate HDT drugs have been proposed, however solid evidence only exists for a few select patient groups. The clinical presentation of TB is variable, with differences in severity, tissue pathology, and bacillary burden. TB clinical phenotypes likely determine the potential benefit of HDT. Underlying TB clinical phenotypes, there are TB "endotypes," defined as distinct molecular profiles, with specific metabolic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and immune phenotypes. TB endotypes can be characterized by either immunodeficiency or pathologic excessive inflammation. Additional factors, like comorbidities (HIV, diabetes, helminth infection), structural lung disease or Mycobacterial virulence also drive TB endotypes. Precise disease phenotyping, combined with in-depth immunologic and molecular profiling and multimodal omics integration, can identify TB endotypes, guide endotype-specific HDT, and improve TB outcomes, similar to advances in cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R DiNardo
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomoki Nishiguchi
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna M Mandalakas
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lü beck, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Gö ttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lü beck, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinout Van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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520
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Rad S. M. AH, Halpin JC, Mollaei M, Smith Bell SWJ, Hirankarn N, McLellan AD. Metabolic and Mitochondrial Functioning in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1229. [PMID: 33799768 PMCID: PMC8002030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized adoptive cell therapy with impressive therapeutic outcomes of >80% complete remission (CR) rates in some haematological malignancies. Despite this, CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumours has invariably been unsuccessful in the clinic. Immunosuppressive factors and metabolic stresses in the tumour microenvironment (TME) result in the dysfunction and exhaustion of CAR T cells. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of the mitochondrial and metabolic state of CAR T cells prior to infusion into patients. The different T cell subtypes utilise distinct metabolic pathways to fulfil their energy demands associated with their function. The reprogramming of CAR T cell metabolism is a viable approach to manufacture CAR T cells with superior antitumour functions and increased longevity, whilst also facilitating their adaptation to the nutrient restricted TME. This review discusses the mitochondrial and metabolic state of T cells, and describes the potential of the latest metabolic interventions to maximise CAR T cell efficacy for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini Rad S. M.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Joshua Colin Halpin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| | - Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
| | - Samuel W. J. Smith Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Alexander D. McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
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521
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Liang L, Sun F, Wang H, Hu Z. Metabolomics, metabolic flux analysis and cancer pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107827. [PMID: 33662451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and increasing evidence suggests that reprogrammed cell metabolism supports tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Understanding metabolic dysregulation may provide therapeutic targets and facilitate drug research and development for cancer therapy. Metabolomics enables the high-throughput characterization of a large scale of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and biofluids, while metabolic flux analysis (MFA) tracks dynamic metabolic activities using stable isotope tracer methods. Recent advances in metabolomics and MFA technologies make them powerful tools for metabolic profiling and characterizing metabolic activities in health and disease, especially in cancer research. In this review, we introduce recent advances in metabolomics and MFA analytical technologies, and provide the first comprehensive summary of the most commonly used isotope tracing methods. In addition, we highlight how metabolomics and MFA are applied in cancer pharmacology studies particularly for discovering targetable metabolic vulnerabilities, understanding the mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance, exploring potential strategies with dietary intervention, identifying cancer biomarkers, as well as enabling precision treatment with pharmacometabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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522
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Roy DG, Kaymak I, Williams KS, Ma EH, Jones RG. Immunometabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy have underscored the importance of antitumor immune responses in controlling cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes several obstacles to the proper function of immune cells, including a metabolically challenging and immunosuppressive microenvironment. The increased metabolic activity of tumor cells can lead to the depletion of key nutrients required by immune cells and the accumulation of byproducts that hamper antitumor immunity. Furthermore, the presence of suppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and the expression of immune inhibitory receptors can negatively impact immune cell metabolism and function. This review summarizes the metabolic reprogramming that is characteristic of various immune cell subsets, discusses how the metabolism and function of immune cells are shaped by the TME, and highlights how therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the metabolic fitness of immune cells and alleviating the metabolic constraints in the TME can boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G. Roy
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Kelsey S. Williams
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Eric H. Ma
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Russell G. Jones
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
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523
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T cell metabolism in homeostasis and cancer immunity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:240-250. [PMID: 33676144 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells shape immune responses in cancer, autoimmunity and infection, in which CD4+ T helper (Th) and CD8+ T cells mediate effector responses that are suppressed by regulatory T (Treg) cells. The balance between effector T cell and Treg cell function orchestrates immune homeostasis and functional programming, with important contributions to the onset and progression of cancer. Cellular metabolism is dynamically rewired in T cells in response to environmental cues and dictates various aspects of T cell function. In this review, we summarize recent findings on how cellular metabolism modulates effector T cell and Treg cell functional fitness in homeostasis and cancer immunity, and highlight the therapeutic implications of targeting immunometabolic pathways for cancer and other diseases.
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524
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525
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Wu P, Gao W, Su M, Nice EC, Zhang W, Lin J, Xie N. Adaptive Mechanisms of Tumor Therapy Resistance Driven by Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641469. [PMID: 33732706 PMCID: PMC7957022 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease which frequently has a poor prognosis. Although multiple therapeutic strategies have been developed for various cancers, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, resistance to these treatments frequently impedes the clinical outcomes. Besides the active resistance driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has also been reported to be a crucial regulator in tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance. Here, we propose that the adaptive mechanisms of tumor resistance are closely connected with the TME rather than depending on non-cell-autonomous changes in response to clinical treatment. Although the comprehensive understanding of adaptive mechanisms driven by the TME need further investigation to fully elucidate the mechanisms of tumor therapeutic resistance, many clinical treatments targeting the TME have been successful. In this review, we report on recent advances concerning the molecular events and important factors involved in the TME, particularly focusing on the contributions of the TME to adaptive resistance, and provide insights into potential therapeutic methods or translational medicine targeting the TME to overcome resistance to therapy in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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526
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Ding Z, Ericksen RE, Lee QY, Han W. Reprogramming of mitochondrial proline metabolism promotes liver tumorigenesis. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1807-1815. [PMID: 33646427 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular energetics has recently been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and garnered attention as a potential targeting strategy for cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells reprogram metabolic activities to meet bio-energetic, biosynthetic and redox requirements needed to sustain indefinite proliferation. In many cases, metabolic reprogramming is the result of complex interactions between genetic alterations in well-known oncogenes and tumor suppressors and epigenetic changes. While the metabolism of the two most abundant nutrients, glucose and glutamine, is reprogrammed in a wide range of cancers, accumulating evidence demonstrates that additional metabolic pathways are also critical for cell survival and growth. Proline metabolism is one such metabolic pathway that promotes tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including liver cancer, which is the fourth main cause of cancer mortality in the world. Despite the recent spate of approved treatments, including targeted therapy and combined immunotherapies, there has been no significant gain in clinical benefits in the majority of liver cancer patients. Thus, exploring novel therapeutic strategies and identifying new molecular targets remains a top priority for liver cancer. Two of the enzymes in the proline biosynthetic pathway, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR1) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 Family Member A1 (ALDH18A1), are upregulated in liver cancer of both human and animal models, while proline catabolic enzymes, such as proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) are downregulated. Here we review the latest evidence linking proline metabolism to liver and other cancers and potential mechanisms of action for the proline pathway in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Ding
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Russell E Ericksen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Qian Yi Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
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527
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Feng Y, Pathria G, Heynen-Genel S, Jackson M, James B, Yin J, Scott DA, Ronai ZA. Identification and Characterization of IMD-0354 as a Glutamine Carrier Protein Inhibitor in Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:816-832. [PMID: 33632871 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A key hallmark of cancer, altered metabolism, is central to cancer pathogenesis and therapy resistance. Robust glutamine metabolism is among cellular processes regulating tumor progression and responsiveness to therapy in a number of cancers, including melanoma and breast cancer. Among mechanisms underlying the increase in glutamine metabolism in tumors is enhanced glutamine uptake mediated by the glutamine transporters, with SLC1A5 (also known as ASCT2) shown to play a predominant role. Correspondingly, increased SLC1A5 expression coincides with poorer survival in patients with breast cancer and melanoma. Therefore, we performed an image-based screen to identify small molecules that are able to prevent the localization of SLC1A5 to the plasma membrane without impacting cell shape. From 7,000 small molecules, nine were selected as hits, of which one (IMD-0354) qualified for further detailed functional assessment. IMD-0354 was confirmed as a potent inhibitor of glutamine uptake that attained sustained low intracellular glutamine levels. Concomitant with its inhibition of glutamine uptake, IMD-0354 attenuated mTOR signaling, suppressed two- and three-dimensional growth of melanoma cells, and induced cell-cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Pronounced effect of IMD-0354 was observed in different tumor-derived cell lines, compared with nontransformed cells. RNA-sequencing analysis identified the unfolded protein response, cell cycle, and response (DNA damage response pathways) to be affected by IMD-0354. Combination of IMD-0354 with GLS1 or LDHA inhibitors enhanced melanoma cell death. In vivo, IMD-0354 suppressed melanoma growth in a xenograft model. As a modulator of glutamine metabolism, IMD-0354 may serve as an important therapeutic and experimental tool that deserves further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Feng
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Susanne Heynen-Genel
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Jackson
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Brian James
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jun Yin
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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528
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Potentiating CD8 + T cell antitumor activity by inhibiting PCSK9 to promote LDLR-mediated TCR recycling and signaling. Protein Cell 2021; 12:240-260. [PMID: 33606190 PMCID: PMC8018994 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8+ T cell antitumor activity. Besides the involvement of cholesterol uptake which is mediated by LDLR in T cell priming and clonal expansion, we also found a non-canonical function of LDLR in CD8+ T cells: LDLR interacts with the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex and regulates TCR recycling and signaling, thus facilitating the effector function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Furthermore, we found that the tumor microenvironment (TME) downregulates CD8+ T cell LDLR level and TCR signaling via tumor cell-derived proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) which binds to LDLR and prevents the recycling of LDLR and TCR to the plasma membrane thus inhibits the effector function of CTLs. Moreover, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 in tumor cells can enhance the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells by alleviating the suppressive effect on CD8+ T cells and consequently inhibit tumor progression. While previously established as a hypercholesterolemia target, this study highlights PCSK9/LDLR as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy as well.
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529
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Hewton KG, Johal AS, Parker SJ. Transporters at the Interface between Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Amino Acid Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020112. [PMID: 33669382 PMCID: PMC7920303 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles that coordinate a vast array of metabolic and biologic functions important for cellular health. Amino acids are intricately linked to the bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and homeostatic function of the mitochondrion and require specific transporters to facilitate their import, export, and exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here we review key cellular metabolic outputs of eukaryotic mitochondrial amino acid metabolism and discuss both known and unknown transporters involved. Furthermore, we discuss how utilization of compartmentalized amino acid metabolism functions in disease and physiological contexts. We examine how improved methods to study mitochondrial metabolism, define organelle metabolite composition, and visualize cellular gradients allow for a more comprehensive understanding of how transporters facilitate compartmentalized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley G. Hewton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Amritpal S. Johal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Seth J. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-875-3121
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530
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Edwards DN, Ngwa VM, Raybuck AL, Wang S, Hwang Y, Kim LC, Cho SH, Paik Y, Wang Q, Zhang S, Manning HC, Rathmell JC, Cook RS, Boothby MR, Chen J. Selective glutamine metabolism inhibition in tumor cells improves antitumor T lymphocyte activity in triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140100. [PMID: 33320840 PMCID: PMC7880417 DOI: 10.1172/jci140100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating tumor and immune cells need metabolic programs that support energy and biomass production. The amino acid glutamine is consumed by effector T cells and glutamine-addicted triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, suggesting that a metabolic competition for glutamine may exist within the tumor microenvironment, potentially serving as a therapeutic intervention strategy. Here, we report that there is an inverse correlation between glutamine metabolic genes and markers of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) patient data sets, with increased glutamine metabolism and decreased T cell cytotoxicity associated with poor survival. We found that tumor cell-specific loss of glutaminase (GLS), a key enzyme for glutamine metabolism, improved antitumor T cell activation in both a spontaneous mouse TNBC model and orthotopic grafts. The glutamine transporter inhibitor V-9302 selectively blocked glutamine uptake by TNBC cells but not CD8+ T cells, driving synthesis of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, to improve CD8+ T cell effector function. We propose a "glutamine steal" scenario, in which cancer cells deprive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of needed glutamine, thus impairing antitumor immune responses. Therefore, tumor-selective targeting of glutamine metabolism may be a promising therapeutic strategy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N. Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Verra M. Ngwa
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ariel L. Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura C. Kim
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yeeun Paik
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qingfei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Probes
- Vanderbilt Institute for Imaging Sciences
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Rebecca S. Cook
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark R. Boothby
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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531
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Wang W, Xu Z, Wang N, Yao R, Qin T, Lin H, Yue L. Prognostic value of eight immune gene signatures in pancreatic cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 33546693 PMCID: PMC7863419 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, and it has a poor prognosis. Traditional methods are not effective to accurately assess the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy is a new promising approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, some patients do not respond well to immunotherapy, which may be related to tumor microenvironment regulation. In this study, we use gene expression database to mine important immune genes and establish a prognostic prediction model for pancreatic cancer patients. We hope to provide a feasible method to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS We used univariate COX proportional hazard regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate COX regression analysis to screen 8 genes related to prognosis from the 314 immune-related genes, and used them to construct a new clinical prediction model in the TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort. Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic value of the model. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative curve showed that patients with low risk scores survived significantly longer than patients with high risk scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value) of the risk score was 0.755. The univariate COX analysis showed that the risk score was significantly related to overall survival (HR 1.406, 95% CI 1.237-1.598, P < 0.001), and multivariate analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor (HR 1.400, 95% CI 1.287-1.522, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis found that immune genes are closely related to tumor immune microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the TCGA-PAAD cohort, we identified immune-related markers with independent prognostic significance, validated, and analyzed their biological functions, to provide a feasible method for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide potentially valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lin
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yue
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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532
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Xia L, Oyang L, Lin J, Tan S, Han Y, Wu N, Yi P, Tang L, Pan Q, Rao S, Liang J, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Yang Y, Shi Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The cancer metabolic reprogramming and immune response. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:28. [PMID: 33546704 PMCID: PMC7863491 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overlapping metabolic reprogramming of cancer and immune cells is a putative determinant of the antitumor immune response in cancer. Increased evidence suggests that cancer metabolism not only plays a crucial role in cancer signaling for sustaining tumorigenesis and survival, but also has wider implications in the regulation of antitumor immune response through both the release of metabolites and affecting the expression of immune molecules, such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, etc. Actually, this energetic interplay between tumor and immune cells leads to metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting nutrient availability and leading to microenvironmental acidosis, which hinders immune cell function. More interestingly, metabolic reprogramming is also indispensable in the process of maintaining self and body homeostasis by various types of immune cells. At present, more and more studies pointed out that immune cell would undergo metabolic reprogramming during the process of proliferation, differentiation, and execution of effector functions, which is essential to the immune response. Herein, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and immune cells regulate antitumor immune response and the possible approaches to targeting metabolic pathways in the context of anticancer immunotherapy. We also describe hypothetical combination treatments between immunotherapy and metabolic intervening that could be used to better unleash the potential of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pin Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Rao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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533
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Chen J, Zhang H, Zhou L, Hu Y, Li M, He Y, Li Y. Enhancing the Efficacy of Tumor Vaccines Based on Immune Evasion Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 10:584367. [PMID: 33614478 PMCID: PMC7886973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccines aim to expand tumor-specific T cells and reactivate existing tumor-specific T cells that are in a dormant or unresponsive state. As such, there is growing interest in improving the durable anti-tumor activity of tumor vaccines. Failure of vaccine-activated T cells to protect against tumors is thought to be the result of the immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells and the intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment influence the effects of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and summarize how to improve the efficacy of tumor vaccines by improving the design of current tumor vaccines and combining tumor vaccines with other therapies, such as metabolic therapy, immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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534
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Icard P, Loi M, Wu Z, Ginguay A, Lincet H, Robin E, Coquerel A, Berzan D, Fournel L, Alifano M. Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1461-1480. [PMID: 33530098 PMCID: PMC8321873 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex mix of cancerous and noncancerous cells (especially immune cells and fibroblasts) with distinct metabolisms. These cells interact with each other and are influenced by the metabolic disorders of the host. In this review, we discuss how metabolic pathways that sustain biosynthesis in cancer cells could be targeted to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies by limiting the nutrient uptake of the cell, inactivating metabolic enzymes (key regulatory ones or those linked to cell cycle progression), and inhibiting ATP production to induce cell death. Furthermore, we describe how the microenvironment could be targeted to activate the immune response by redirecting nutrients toward cytotoxic immune cells or inhibiting the release of waste products by cancer cells that stimulate immunosuppressive cells. We also examine metabolic disorders in the host that could be targeted to inhibit cancer development. To create future personalized therapies for targeting each cancer tumor, novel techniques must be developed, such as new tracers for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and immunohistochemical markers to characterize the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Pending personalized strategies that specifically target all metabolic components of cancer development in a patient, simple metabolic interventions could be tested in clinical trials in combination with standard cancer therapies, such as short cycles of fasting or the administration of sodium citrate or weakly toxic compounds (such as curcumin, metformin, lipoic acid) that target autophagy and biosynthetic or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zherui Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Ginguay
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France,EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France,ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Robin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, Comete “Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie”, Université Caen, Caen, France
| | - Diana Berzan
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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535
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Zhao S, Peralta RM, Avina-Ochoa N, Delgoffe GM, Kaech SM. Metabolic regulation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment by nutrient availability and diet. Semin Immunol 2021; 52:101485. [PMID: 34462190 PMCID: PMC8545851 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of cancer have generated excitement over their ability to yield durable, and potentially curative, responses in a multitude of cancers. These findings have established that the immune system is capable of eliminating tumors and led us to a better, albeit still incomplete, understanding of the mechanisms by which tumors interact with and evade destruction by the immune system. Given the central role of T cells in immunotherapy, elucidating the cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern T cell function in tumors will facilitate the development of immunotherapies that establish durable responses in a greater number of patients. One such factor is metabolism, a set of fundamental cellular processes that not only sustains cell survival and proliferation, but also serves as a means for cells to interpret their local environment. Nutrient sensing is critical for T cells that must infiltrate into a metabolically challenging tumor microenvironment and expand under these harsh conditions to eliminate cancerous cells. Here we introduce T cell exhaustion with respect to cellular metabolism, followed by a discussion of nutrient availability at the tumor and organismal level in relation to T cell metabolism and function to provide rationale for the study and targeting of metabolism in anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zhao
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronal M Peralta
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalia Avina-Ochoa
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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536
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Wu S, Fukumoto T, Lin J, Nacarelli T, Wang Y, Ong D, Liu H, Fatkhutdinov N, Zundell JA, Karakashev S, Zhou W, Schwartz LE, Tang HY, Drapkin R, Liu Q, Huntsman DG, Kossenkov AV, Speicher DW, Schug ZT, Van Dang C, Zhang R. Targeting glutamine dependence through GLS1 inhibition suppresses ARID1A-inactivated clear cell ovarian carcinoma. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:189-200. [PMID: 34085048 PMCID: PMC8168620 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in components of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex occur in ~20% of all human cancers. For example, ARID1A is mutated in up to 62% of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (OCCC), a disease currently lacking effective therapies. Here we show that ARID1A mutation creates a dependence on glutamine metabolism. SWI/SNF represses glutaminase (GLS1) and ARID1A inactivation upregulates GLS1. ARID1A inactivation increases glutamine utilization and metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to support aspartate synthesis. Indeed, glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 suppresses the growth of ARID1A mutant, but not wildtype, OCCCs in both orthotopic and patient-derived xenografts. In addition, glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade anti-PDL1 antibody in a genetic OCCC mouse model driven by conditional Arid1a inactivation. Our data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade represents an effective therapeutic strategy for cancers involving alterations in the SWI/SNF complex such as ARID1A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianhuang Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Nacarelli
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dionzie Ong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heng Liu
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nail Fatkhutdinov
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Zundell
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergey Karakashev
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W. Speicher
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T. Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi Van Dang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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537
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Miska J, Rashidi A, Lee-Chang C, Gao P, Lopez-Rosas A, Zhang P, Burga R, Castro B, Xiao T, Han Y, Hou D, Sampat S, Cordero A, Stoolman JS, Horbinski CM, Burns M, Reshetnyak YK, Chandel NS, Lesniak MS. Polyamines drive myeloid cell survival by buffering intracellular pH to promote immunosuppression in glioblastoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc8929. [PMID: 33597238 PMCID: PMC7888943 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by the robust infiltration of immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). It is not fully understood how TAMCs survive in the acidic tumor microenvironment to cause immunosuppression in glioblastoma. Metabolic and RNA-seq analysis of TAMCs revealed that the arginine-ornithine-polyamine axis is up-regulated in glioblastoma TAMCs but not in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Active de novo synthesis of highly basic polyamines within TAMCs efficiently buffered low intracellular pH to support the survival of these immunosuppressive cells in the harsh acidic environment of solid tumors. Administration of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a clinically approved inhibitor of polyamine generation, enhanced animal survival in immunocompetent mice by causing a tumor-specific reduction of polyamines and decreased intracellular pH in TAMCs. DFMO combination with immunotherapy or radiotherapy further enhanced animal survival. These findings indicate that polyamines are used by glioblastoma TAMCs to maintain normal intracellular pH and cell survival and thus promote immunosuppression during tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Court, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aurora Lopez-Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rachel Burga
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samay Sampat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua S Stoolman
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2330, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mark Burns
- Aminex Therapeutics Inc., Epsom, NH 03234, USA
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2330, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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538
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Scharping NE, Rivadeneira DB, Menk AV, Vignali PDA, Ford BR, Rittenhouse NL, Peralta R, Wang Y, Wang Y, DePeaux K, Poholek AC, Delgoffe GM. Mitochondrial stress induced by continuous stimulation under hypoxia rapidly drives T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:205-215. [PMID: 33398183 PMCID: PMC7971090 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and chronic infections induce T cell exhaustion, a hypofunctional fate carrying distinct epigenetic, transcriptomic and metabolic characteristics. However, drivers of exhaustion remain poorly understood. As intratumoral exhausted T cells experience severe hypoxia, we hypothesized that metabolic stress alters their responses to other signals, specifically, persistent antigenic stimulation. In vitro, although CD8+ T cells experiencing continuous stimulation or hypoxia alone differentiated into functional effectors, the combination rapidly drove T cell dysfunction consistent with exhaustion. Continuous stimulation promoted Blimp-1-mediated repression of PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming, rendering cells poorly responsive to hypoxia. Loss of mitochondrial function generated intolerable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), sufficient to promote exhausted-like states, in part through phosphatase inhibition and the consequent activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells. Reducing T cell-intrinsic ROS and lowering tumor hypoxia limited T cell exhaustion, synergizing with immunotherapy. Thus, immunologic and metabolic signaling are intrinsically linked: through mitigation of metabolic stress, T cell differentiation can be altered to promote more functional cellular fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Scharping
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dayana B Rivadeneira
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley V Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paolo D A Vignali
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Rhodes Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalie L Rittenhouse
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronal Peralta
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kristin DePeaux
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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539
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Hartmann FJ, Mrdjen D, McCaffrey E, Glass DR, Greenwald NF, Bharadwaj A, Khair Z, Verberk SGS, Baranski A, Baskar R, Graf W, Van Valen D, Van den Bossche J, Angelo M, Bendall SC. Single-cell metabolic profiling of human cytotoxic T cells. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:186-197. [PMID: 32868913 PMCID: PMC7878201 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism regulates immune cell activation, differentiation and effector functions, but current metabolic approaches lack single-cell resolution and simultaneous characterization of cellular phenotype. In this study, we developed an approach to characterize the metabolic regulome of single cells together with their phenotypic identity. The method, termed single-cell metabolic regulome profiling (scMEP), quantifies proteins that regulate metabolic pathway activity using high-dimensional antibody-based technologies. We employed mass cytometry (cytometry by time of flight, CyTOF) to benchmark scMEP against bulk metabolic assays by reconstructing the metabolic remodeling of in vitro-activated naive and memory CD8+ T cells. We applied the approach to clinical samples and identified tissue-restricted, metabolically repressed cytotoxic T cells in human colorectal carcinoma. Combining our method with multiplexed ion beam imaging by time of flight (MIBI-TOF), we uncovered the spatial organization of metabolic programs in human tissues, which indicated exclusion of metabolically repressed immune cells from the tumor-immune boundary. Overall, our approach enables robust approximation of metabolic and functional states in individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Erin McCaffrey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David R Glass
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anusha Bharadwaj
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zumana Khair
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Baranski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Reema Baskar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - William Graf
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Van Valen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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540
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Dey P, Kimmelman AC, DePinho RA. Metabolic Codependencies in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1067-1081. [PMID: 33504580 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This reprogramming is driven by the combined actions of oncogenic alterations in cancer cells and host cell factors acting on cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms activate signal transduction components that either directly enhance metabolic enzyme activity or upregulate transcription factors that in turn increase expression of metabolic regulators. Extrinsic signaling mechanisms involve host-derived factors that further promote and amplify metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. This review describes intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms driving cancer metabolism in the tumor microenvironment and how such mechanisms may be targeted therapeutically. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming is a consequence of the converging signals originating from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic signaling maintains the baseline metabolic state, whereas extrinsic signals fine-tune the metabolic processes based on the availability of metabolites and the requirements of the cells. Therefore, successful targeting of metabolic pathways will require a nuanced approach based on the cancer's genotype, tumor microenvironment composition, and tissue location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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541
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Rabben HL, Andersen GT, Olsen MK, Øverby A, Ianevski A, Kainov D, Wang TC, Lundgren S, Grønbech JE, Chen D, Zhao CM. Neural signaling modulates metabolism of gastric cancer. iScience 2021; 24:102091. [PMID: 33598644 PMCID: PMC7869004 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors comprise cancer cells and the associated stromal and immune/inflammatory cells, i.e., tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we identify a metabolic signature of human and mouse model of gastric cancer and show that vagotomy in the mouse model reverses the metabolic reprogramming, reflected by metabolic switch from glutaminolysis to OXPHOS/glycolysis and normalization of the energy metabolism in cancer cells and TME. We next identify and validate SNAP25, mTOR, PDP1/α-KGDH, and glutaminolysis as drug targets and accordingly propose a therapeutic strategy to target the nerve-cancer metabolism. We demonstrate the efficacy of nerve-cancer metabolism therapy by intratumoral injection of BoNT-A (SNAP25 inhibitor) with systemic administration of RAD001 and CPI-613 but not cytotoxic drugs on overall survival in mice and show the feasibility in patients. These findings point to the importance of neural signaling in modulating the tumor metabolism and provide a rational basis for clinical translation of the potential strategy for gastric cancer. Metabolic reprogramming in gastric cancer cells and tumor microenvironment SNAP25, mTOR, PDP1/α-KGDH, and glutaminolysis as potential drug targets Combination of botulinum toxin type A, RAD001, and CPI-613 as a potential treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne-Line Rabben
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Norway
| | - Gøran Troseth Andersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Kringstad Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Øverby
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy Cragin Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032-3802, USA
| | - Steinar Lundgren
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Erik Grønbech
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Surgical Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Duan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Norway
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542
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TGF-β in Cancer: Metabolic Driver of the Tolerogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030401. [PMID: 33499083 PMCID: PMC7865468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming tumor immunosuppression still represents one ambitious achievement for cancer immunotherapy. Of note, the cytokine TGF-β contributes to immune evasion in multiple cancer types, by feeding the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the host. Indeed, it fosters the expansion and accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it also activates resident stromal cells and enhances angiogenesis programs. More recently, TGF-β has also turned out as a key metabolic adjuster in tumors orchestrating metabolic pathways in the TME. In this review, we will scrutinize TGF-β-mediated immune and stromal cell crosstalk within the TME, with a primary focus on metabolic programs.
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543
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Boese AC, Kang S. Mitochondrial metabolism-mediated redox regulation in cancer progression. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101870. [PMID: 33509708 PMCID: PMC8113029 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display abnormal metabolic activity as a result of activated oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The Warburg Effect is a common metabolic feature of cancer that involves a preference for aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP and building blocks for biosynthesis. However, emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial metabolic pathways are also reprogrammed in cancer and play vital roles in bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and managing redox homeostasis. The mitochondria act a central hub for metabolic pathways that generate ATP and building blocks for lipid, nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis. However, mitochondrial respiration is also a leading source of reactive oxygen species that can damage cellular organelles and trigger cell death if levels become too high. In general, cancer cells are reported to have higher levels of reactive oxygen species than their non-cancerous cells of origin, and therefore must employ diverse metabolic strategies to prevent oxidative stress. However, mounting evidence indicates that the metabolic profiles between proliferative and disseminated cancer cells are not the same. In this review, we will examine mitochondrial metabolic pathways, such as glutaminolysis, that proliferative and disseminated cancer cells utilize to control their redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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544
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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545
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Wu S, Kuang H, Ke J, Pi M, Yang DH. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Immune Cell Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591342. [PMID: 33520703 PMCID: PMC7845572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rewire metabolism to meet their increased nutritional demands, allowing the maintenance of tumor survival, proliferation, and expansion. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is identified in most, if not all cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which interacts with a hypoxic, acidic, and nutritionally deficient tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes including generation, depletion or accumulation of metabolites and signaling pathways, as well as their relationship with the TME in MM cells. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk among metabolism, TME, and changing function of immune cells during cancer progression. The overlapping metabolic phenotype between MM and immune cells is discussed. In this sense, targeting metabolism of MM cells is a promising therapeutic approach. We propose that it is important to define the metabolic signatures that may regulate the function of immune cells in TME in order to improve the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Medical Center of Assessment of Bone & Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Pi
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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546
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Yu T, Dong T, Eyvani H, Fang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Lu X. Metabolic interventions: A new insight into the cancer immunotherapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 697:108659. [PMID: 33144083 PMCID: PMC8638212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming confers cancer cells plasticity and viability under harsh conditions. Such active alterations lead to cell metabolic dependency, which can be exploited as an attractive target in development of effective antitumor therapies. Similar to cancer cells, activated T cells also execute global metabolic reprogramming for their proliferation and effector functions when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the high metabolic activity of rapidly proliferating cancer cells can compete for nutrients with immune cells in the TME, and consequently, suppressing their anti-tumor functions. Thus, therapeutic strategies could aim to restore T cell metabolism and anti-tumor responses in the TME by targeting the metabolic dependence of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight current research progress on metabolic reprogramming and the interplay between cancer cells and immune cells. We also discuss potential therapeutic intervention strategies for targeting metabolic pathways to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tianhan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Haniyeh Eyvani
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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547
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Tsai HW, Lina I, Motz KM, Chung L, Ding D, Murphy MK, Feeley M, Elisseeff JH, Hillel AT. Glutamine Inhibition Reduces Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E2125-E2130. [PMID: 33433011 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Glutamine inhibition has been demonstrated an antifibrotic effect in iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) scar fibroblasts in vitro. We hypothesize that broadly active glutamine antagonist, DON will reduce collagen formation and fibrosis-associated gene expression in iLTS mice. STUDY DESIGN Prospective controlled animal study. METHODS iLTS in mice were induced by chemomechanical injury of the trachea using a bleomycin-coated wire brush. PBS or DON (1.3 mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) every other day. Laryngotracheal complexes were harvested at days 7 and 14 after the initiation of DON treatment for the measurement of lamina propria thickness, trichrome stain, immunofluorescence staining of collagen 1, and fibrosis-associated gene expression. RESULTS The study demonstrated that DON treatment reduced lamina propria thickness (P = .025) and collagen formation in trichrome stain and immunofluorescence staining of collagen 1. In addition, DON decreased fibrosis-associated gene expression in iLTS mice. At day 7, DON inhibited Col1a1 (P < .0001), Col3a1 (P = .0046), Col5a1 (P < .0001), and Tgfβ (P = .023) expression. At day 14, DON reduced Co1a1 (P = .0076) and Tgfβ (P = .023) expression. CONCLUSIONS Broadly active glutamine antagonist, DON, significantly reduces fibrosis in iLTS mice. These results suggest that the concept of glutamine inhibition may be a therapeutic option to reduce fibrosis in the laryngotracheal stenosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 131:E2125-E2130, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Wen Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Ioan Lina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Kevin M Motz
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Liam Chung
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Dacheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Michael K Murphy
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michael Feeley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Alexander T Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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548
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Wei Z, Liu X, Cheng C, Yu W, Yi P. Metabolism of Amino Acids in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:603837. [PMID: 33511116 PMCID: PMC7835483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been widely recognized as a hallmark of malignancy. The uptake and metabolism of amino acids are aberrantly upregulated in many cancers that display addiction to particular amino acids. Amino acids facilitate the survival and proliferation of cancer cells under genotoxic, oxidative, and nutritional stress. Thus, targeting amino acid metabolism is becoming a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. In this review, we will systematically summarize the recent progress of amino acid metabolism in malignancy and discuss their interconnection with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, epigenetic modification, tumor growth and immunity, and ferroptosis. Finally, we will highlight the potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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549
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Kaymak I, Williams KS, Cantor JR, Jones RG. Immunometabolic Interplay in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:28-37. [PMID: 33125860 PMCID: PMC7837268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells' metabolism influences their differentiation and function. Given that a complex interplay of environmental factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can have a profound impact on the metabolic activities of immune, stromal, and tumor cell types, there is emerging interest to advance understanding of these diverse metabolic phenotypes in the TME. Here, we discuss cell-extrinsic contributions to the metabolic activities of immune cells. Then, considering recent technical advances in experimental systems and metabolic profiling technologies, we propose future directions to better understand how immune cells meet their metabolic demands in the TME, which can be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kaymak
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kelsey S Williams
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jason R Cantor
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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550
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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