5801
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Norgard NB, Lopez-Candales A. The rise of SGLT2 inhibitors: the time is now for cardiovascular specialists to lead the charge. Postgrad Med 2021; 134:11-13. [PMID: 34734540 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.2002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Norgard
- Truman Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Angel Lopez-Candales
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Truman Medical Center-Hospital Hill, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo, USA
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5802
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Mohammadi I, Castro IF, Rahmim A, Veloso JFCA. Motion in nuclear cardiology imaging: types, artifacts, detection and correction techniques. Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34826826 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac3dc7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the authors review the field of motion detection and correction in nuclear cardiology with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging systems. We start with a brief overview of nuclear cardiology applications and description of SPECT and PET imaging systems, then explaining the different types of motion and their related artefacts. Moreover, we classify and describe various techniques for motion detection and correction, discussing their potential advantages including reference to metrics and tasks, particularly towards improvements in image quality and diagnostic performance. In addition, we emphasize limitations encountered in different motion detection and correction methods that may challenge routine clinical applications and diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Mohammadi
- Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PORTUGAL
| | - I Filipe Castro
- i3n Physics Department, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PORTUGAL
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Radiology and Physics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA
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5803
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Evaluation of Latent Models Assessing Physical Fitness and the Healthy Eating Index in Community Studies: Time-, Sex-, and Diabetes-Status Invariance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124258. [PMID: 34959810 PMCID: PMC8708138 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement requires assessment of measurement equivalence/invariance (ME/I) to demonstrate that the tests/measurements perform equally well and measure the same underlying constructs across groups and over time. Using structural equation modeling, the measurement properties (stability and responsiveness) of intervention measures used in a study of metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment in primary care offices, were assessed. The primary study (N = 293; mean age = 59 years) had achieved 19% reversal of MetS overall; yet neither diet quality nor aerobic capacity were correlated with declines in cardiovascular disease risk. Factor analytic methods were used to develop measurement models and factorial invariance were tested across three time points (baseline, 3-month, 12-month), sex (male/female), and diabetes status for the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (2005 HEI-C) and several fitness measures combined (percentile VO2 max from submaximal exercise, treadmill speed, curl-ups, push-ups). The model fit for the original HEI-C was poor and could account for the lack of associations in the primary study. A reduced HEI-C and a 4-item fitness model demonstrated excellent model fit and measurement equivalence across time, sex, and diabetes status. Increased use of factor analytic methods increases measurement precision, controls error, and improves ability to link interventions to expected clinical outcomes.
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5804
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Bhandari B, Schutte AE, Jayasuriya R, Vaidya A, Subedi M, Narasimhan P. Acceptability of a mHealth strategy for hypertension management in a low-income and middle-income country setting: a formative qualitative study among patients and healthcare providers. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052986. [PMID: 34824118 PMCID: PMC8627401 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding contextual needs and preferences is important for a successful design and effective outcome of a mHealth strategy. OBJECTIVES This formative study aimed to explore the perspectives of patients and providers on the acceptability of a mHealth (text message) strategy and elicit preferred features of a mHealth strategy for hypertension management. DESIGN A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions guided by the technology acceptance model. SETTING The study was conducted at primary healthcare facilities and at a tertiary level referral hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. PARTICIPANTS A total of 61 participants, patients with hypertension (n=41), their family members (n=5), healthcare workers (n=11) and key informants (n=4) were included. We purposively recruited patients with hypertension aged 30-70 who attended the selected healthcare facilities to obtain maximum variation based on their age, sex and literacy. RESULTS The respondents perceived the mHealth strategy to be useful as it would reinforce medication compliance and behaviour change. Participants valued the trustworthiness of information from health authorities that could be delivered privately. Some implementation challenges were identified including a lack of technical manpower, resources for software development, gaps in recording a patient's essential information and digital illiteracy. Solutions proposed were having system-level preparedness for recording the patient's details, establishing a separate technical department in the hospital and involving a family member to assist illiterate/elderly patients. In addition, participants preferred text messages in the local language, containing comprehensive contextual content (disease, treatment, cultural foods and misconceptions) delivered at regular intervals (2-3 times/week) preferably in the morning or evening. CONCLUSIONS We found that a simple text messaging strategy was acceptable for hypertension management in this low/middle-income country setting. However, meticulous planning must address the needs of a diverse range of participants to ensure the mHealth strategy is acceptable to wider groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buna Bhandari
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rohan Jayasuriya
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abhinav Vaidya
- Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Madhusudan Subedi
- School of Public Health, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Padmanesan Narasimhan
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5805
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Moraes BQSD, Feitosa ADO, Wanderley RA, Machado MF. Trend analysis of clinical aspects of congenital syphilis in Brazil, 2009-2018. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:991-996. [PMID: 34817512 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital syphilis is caused by the vertical transmission of bacteria, Treponema pallidum, from nontreated or inappropriately treated pregnant to the fetus. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical aspects of Congenital syphilis in Brazil, between 2009-2018. METHOD It is an analytical cross-sectional study whose data were collected from the Department of Chronical Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections of Brazilian Health Ministry. Clinical variables were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression, which makes a segmented linear regression. RESULTS In the study period, 156,969 cases of Congenital syphilis and 1642 deaths by this disease were reported. The trend analysis indicates growing in diagnosis of maternal syphilis during prenatal care, appropriate treatment of pregnant, realization of prenatal care, maternal partner treatment, diagnosis of syphilis in children under seven days, and diagnosis of recent syphilis. CONCLUSIONS Although the trend analysis presents relative improvement in Congenital syphilis panorama in Brazil, the disease still related to high numbers of evitable perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the prenatal assistance with quality is fundamental to have a possible change in this field in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexya de Oliveira Feitosa
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Nucleus of Studies in Social and Preventive Medicine - Arapiraca (AL), Brazil
| | | | - Michael Ferreira Machado
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Nucleus of Studies in Social and Preventive Medicine - Arapiraca (AL), Brazil
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5806
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CRISPR/dCas9 Transcriptional Activation of Endogenous Apolipoprotein AI and Paraoxonase 1 in Enterocytes Alleviates Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121769. [PMID: 34944413 PMCID: PMC8698862 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases with high prevalence worldwide. A promising therapeutic strategy to reverse atherosclerotic process is to improve the athero-protective potential of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Since the small intestine is a source of HDL, we aimed to activate transcription of the endogenous HDL major proteins, apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), in enterocytes, and to evaluate their potential to correct the pro-inflammatory status of endothelial cells (EC). Caco-2 enterocytes were transfected with CRISPR activation plasmids targeting ApoAI or PON1, and their gene and protein expression were measured in cells and conditioned medium (CM). ATP binding cassette A1 and G8 transporters (ABCA1, ABCG8), scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), and transcription regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), liver X receptors (LXRs), and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) were assessed. Anti-inflammatory effects of CM from transfected enterocytes were estimated through its ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) activation of EC. Transcriptional activation of ApoAI or PON1 in enterocytes induces: (i) increase of their gene and protein expression, and secretion in CM; (ii) stimulation of ABCA1/G8 and SR-BI; (iii) upregulation of PPARγ, LXRs, and SIRT1. CM from transfected enterocytes attenuated the TNFα-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress in EC, by decreasing TNF receptor 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and p22phox. In conclusion, transcriptional activation of endogenous ApoAI or PON1 in enterocytes by CRISPR/dCas9 system is a realistic approach to stimulate biogenesis and function of major HDL proteins which can regulate cholesterol efflux transporters and reduce the inflammatory stress in activated EC.
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5807
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Ozierański K, Tymińska A, Skwarek A, Kruk M, Koń B, Biliński J, Opolski G, Grabowski M. Sex Differences in Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Children and Young Adults Hospitalized for Clinically Suspected Myocarditis in the Last Ten Years-Data from the MYO-PL Nationwide Database. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235502. [PMID: 34884203 PMCID: PMC8658335 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a widespread lack of systematic knowledge about myocarditis in children and young adults in European populations. The MYO-PL nationwide study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the incidence, clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of all young patients with a clinical diagnosis of myocarditis, hospitalized in the last ten years. The study involved data (from the only public healthcare insurer in Poland) of all (n = 3659) patients aged 0–20 years hospitalized for myocarditis in the years 2011–2019. We assessed clinical characteristics, management and five-year outcomes. Males comprised 75.4% of the study population. The standardized incidence rate of myocarditis increased over the last ten years and was, on average, 7.8 and 2.5 (in males and females, respectively). It was the highest (19.5) in males aged 16–20 years. The highest rates of hospital admissions occurred from late autumn to early spring. Most myocarditis-directed diagnostic procedures, including laboratory tests, echocardiography, coronary angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy, were performed in a low number of patients, particularly in females. Most patients required rehospitalization for cardiovascular reasons. The results of this large epidemiological study showed an increasing incidence of myocarditis hospitalizations in young patients over last ten years and that it was sex-, age- and season-dependent. Survival in young patients with myocarditis was age- and sex-related and usually it was worse than in the national population. The general management of myocarditis requires significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ozierański
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Agata Tymińska
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-599-2958; Fax: +48-22-599-1957
| | - Aleksandra Skwarek
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Kruk
- National Health Fund, 02-528 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Beata Koń
- National Health Fund, 02-528 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Jarosław Biliński
- Departament of Haematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.); (A.S.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
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5808
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Li Z, Liu Y, Lu T, Peng S, Liu F, Sun J, Xiang H. Acute effect of fine particulate matter on blood pressure, heart rate and related inflammation biomarkers: A panel study in healthy adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113024. [PMID: 34837873 PMCID: PMC8655618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence of short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and related inflammation biomarkers has been inconsistent. We aimed to explore the acute effect of PM2.5 on BP, HR and the mediation effect of related inflammation biomarkers. A total of 32 healthy college students were recruited to perform 4 h of exposure at two sites with different PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan between May 2019 and June 2019. The individual levels of PM2.5 concentration, BP and HR were measured hourly for each participant. Blood was drawn from each participant after each visit and we measured the levels of inflammation markers, including serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma fibrinogen. Linear mixed-effect models were to explore the acute effect of PM2.5 exposure on BP, HR, and related inflammation biomarkers. In addition, we evaluated related inflammation biomarkers as the mediator in the association of PM2.5 and cardiovascular health indicators. The results showed that a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increase of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.15) beats/min (bpm) in HR and a 3.52% (95% CI: 1.60%, 5.48%) increase in fibrinogen. The lag effect model showed that the strongest effect on HR was observed at lag 3 h of PM2.5 exposure [1.96 bpm (95% CI: 1.19, 2.75)], but for fibrinogen, delayed exposure attenuated the association. Increased fibrinogen levels may account for 39.07% (P = 0.44) of the elevated HR by PM2.5. Null association was observed when it comes to short-term PM2.5 exposure and BP. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with elevated HR and increased fibrinogen levels. But our finding was not enough to suggest that exposure to PM2.5 might induce adverse cardiovascular effects by the pathway of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Tianjun Lu
- Department of Earth Science and Geography, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria St, Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | - Shouxin Peng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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5809
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Polito L, Bortolotti M, Battelli MG, Bolognesi A. Xanthine oxidoreductase: A leading actor in cardiovascular disease drama. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102195. [PMID: 34844041 PMCID: PMC8636850 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality and their pathogenesis lies mainly in the atherosclerotic process. There are close connections linking oxidative stress and inflammation to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and, consequently, to CVD. This review focuses on the role of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and its products on the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, responsible for atheromatous plaque formation. Evidence is reported that an excessive level of XOR products favors inflammatory response and plaque development, thereby promoting major cardiovascular risk factors. Also, the relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension as well as between XOR activity and CVD is confirmed. In spite of the increasing number of clinical studies investigating the output of cardiovascular patients treated with urate-lowering therapies (including uricosuric drugs, XOR inhibitors and recombinant uricase) the results are still uncertain. The inhibition of XOR activity appears more promising than just the control of uricemia level in preventing cardiovascular events, possibly because it also reduces the intracellular accumulation of urate, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. However, XOR inhibition also reduces the availability of the multifaced mediator nitric oxide and, at present, can be recommended only in hyperuricemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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5810
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An Alignment-Free Sensing Module for Noninvasive Radial Artery Blood Pressure Measurement. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10232896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensor–artery alignment has always been a significant problem in arterial tonometry devices and prevents their application to wearable continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Traditional solutions are to use a complex servo system to search for the best measurement position or to use an inefficient pressure sensor array. In this study, a novel solid–liquid mixture pressure sensing module is proposed. A flexible film with unique liquid-filled structures greatly reduces the pulse measurement error caused by sensor misplacement. The ideal measuring location was defined as −2.5 to 2.5 mm from the center of the module and the pressure variation was within 5.4%, which is available in the real application. Even at a distance of ±4 mm from the module center, the pressure decays by 23.7%, and its dynamic waveform is maintained. In addition, the sensing module is also endowed with the capability of measuring the pulse wave transmit time as a complementary method for BP measuring. The capability of the developed alignment-free sensing module in BP measurement was been validated. Twenty subjects were selected for the BP measurement experiment, which followed IEEE standards. The experimental results showed that the mean error of SBP is −4.26 mmHg with a standard deviation of 7.0 mmHg, and the mean error of DBP is 2.98 mmHg with a standard deviation of 5.07 mmHg. The device is expected to provide a new solution for wearable continuous BP monitoring.
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5811
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Yang F, Li C, Guo Y, Yu Y, Mao S, Wang R, Zhang W, Zhang A, Yao X. Effects of radical cystectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy on the risk of long-term heart-specific death in bladder cancer patients. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3826-3836. [PMID: 34804825 PMCID: PMC8575595 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the low risk of bladder cancer (BCa)-specific death has allowed for investigation into treatment-related cardiotoxicity. To aid clinicians in selecting appropriate cardiovascular disease screening strategies and interventions, this study explored the heart-specific mortality and prognostic factors of patients with BCa after radical cystectomy (RC), radiotherapy (RT), or chemotherapy (CT), and compared their long-term heart-specific mortality with that of the general male population. Methods We identified three different treatments for BCa patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database: RC, RT, and CT. Patients were included from 2000 to 2012 and followed through 2015. A cumulative mortality curve and competitive risk regression model were applied to evaluate the prognostic factors of heart-specific mortality, and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Results Of 39,500 men, 30.3%, 18.8%, and 50.9% received RC, RT, and CT, respectively. For patients with a survival period of less than 50 months, tumor-specific death exhibited a rapidly increasing trend, which subsequently flatlined. However, the rates heart-specific mortality and other causes exhibited a tendency to increase stably. The heart-specific and all-cause mortality rates of patients in any age group treated with the three abovementioned strategies were higher than those of the general population. The heart-specific mortality of patients with carcinoma in situ treated with RC and CT exceeded their all-cause mortality, while that of other tumor stages did not. The risks of heart-specific [sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) =1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.57] and tumor-specific (SHR =1.68; 95% CI: 1.60–1.77) deaths in patients who received RT were higher than those of patients who underwent CT. Conclusions The risks of heart-specific and tumor-specific deaths in patients who received RT were higher than those of the RC and CT groups, especially in patients over 65 years of age who received RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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5812
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Krueger KJ, Rahman FK, Shen Q, Vacek J, Hiebert JB, Pierce JD. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and D-ribose in HFpEF: a brief narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1504. [PMID: 34805366 PMCID: PMC8573443 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this review article, we briefly describe the status of treatment options for HFpEF and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HFpEF as an alternative therapeutic target. We also examine the mechanisms of D-ribose in cellular energy production and discuss the potential disadvantages and benefits of supplemental use of D-ribose in patients with HFpEF. Background Heart failure is a major cardiovascular disease that impacts over 6 million Americans and is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. Patients with heart failure often experience shortness of breath and fatigue along with impaired physical capacity, all leading to poor quality of life. As a subtype of heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized with impaired diastolic function. Currently, there are no effective treatments specifically for HFpEF, thus clinicians and researchers are searching for therapies to improve cardiac function. Emerging evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cardiac bioenergetics are among the underlying mechanisms for HFpEF. There is increased interest in investigating the use of supplements such as D-ribose to enhance mitochondrial function and improve production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Methods For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) using the keywords “Heart Failure”, “HFpEF”, “D-ribose”, “ATP”, “Mitochondria”, Bioenergetics”, and “Cellular Respiration”. Conclusions It is essential to find potential targeted therapeutic treatments for HFpEF. Since there is evidence that the HFpEF is related to impaired myocardial bioenergetics, enhancing mitochondrial function could augment cardiac function. Using a supplement such as D-ribose could improve mitochondrial function by increasing ATP and enhancing cardiac performance for patients with HFpEF. There is a recently completed clinical trial with HFpEF patients that indicates D-ribose increases ATP production and improves cardiac ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Krueger
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Faith K Rahman
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James Vacek
- The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John B Hiebert
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Janet D Pierce
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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5813
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Wang IC, Sugai J, Majzoub J, Johnston J, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Pro-inflammatory Profiles in Cardiovascular Disease Patients with Peri-implantitis. J Periodontol 2021; 93:824-836. [PMID: 34807456 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles in patients with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with or without peri-implantitis. METHODS Serum, peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from patients with (n = 82) or without CVD (n = 46) at the most severe peri-implantitis site including sites with periodontitis. A panel of proinflammatory molecules including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Wang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Currently, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James Sugai
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jad Majzoub
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffery Johnston
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Vice President, Chief Science Officer, and Director of the Research and Data Institute at Delta Dental of Michigan
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Currently, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5814
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MicroRNAs and exosomes: Cardiac stem cells in heart diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153701. [PMID: 34872024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treating cardiovascular diseases with cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is a valid treatment among various stem cell-based therapies. With supplying the physiological need for cardiovascular cells as their main function, under pathological circumstances, CSCs can also reproduce the myocardial cells. Although studies have identified many of CSCs' functions, our knowledge of molecular pathways that regulate these functions is not complete enough. Either physiological or pathological studies have shown, stem cells proliferation and differentiation could be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). How miRNAs regulate CSC behavior is an interesting area of research that can help us study and control the function of these cells in vitro; an achievement that may be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The secretome of stem and progenitor cells has been studied and it has been determined that exosomes are the main source of their secretion which are very small vesicles at the nanoscale and originate from endosomes, which are secreted into the extracellular space and act as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication. Mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac-derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes release exosomes that have been shown to have cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative effects. Herein, we summarize the regulation roles of miRNAs and exosomes in cardiac stem cells.
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5815
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Saboktakin A, Sepehri MM, Khasha R. A novel approach to educate hospitalized cardiovascular disease patients about lifestyle and behavior modifications. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:321. [PMID: 34801019 PMCID: PMC8606092 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are always considered by healthcare specialists for different reasons, including extensive prevalence, increased costs, chronicity, and high risk of death. The control of CVDs is highly influenced by behavior and lifestyle and it seems necessary to train special abilities about lifestyle and behavior modification to improve self-care skills for patients, and their caregivers. As a result, the development of effective training systems should be considered by healthcare specialists. Methods Hence, in this study, a framework for improving cardiovascular patients’ education processes is presented. Initially, an existing training system for cardiovascular patients is reviewed. Using field observations and targeted interviews with hospital experts, all components of its educating processes are identified, and their process maps are drawn up. After that, challenges in the training system are extracted with the aid of in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts. Due to the importance and different influence of the identified challenges, they are prioritized using a Multiple Criteria Decision-making (MCDM) method, and then their root causes were investigated. Finally, a novel framework is proposed and evaluated with hospital experts' help to improve the main challenges. Results The most important challenges included high nursing workload and shortage of time, lack of understanding of training concepts by patients, lack of attention to training, disruption of the training processes by the patients’ caregivers, and patient's weakness in understanding the standard language. In identifying the root causes, learner, educator, and educational tools are the most effective in the training process; therefore, the improvement scenarios were designed accordingly in the proposed framework. Conclusions Our study indicated that presenting a framework with applying different quantitative and qualitative methods has great potential to improve the processes of patient education for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-021-01680-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Saboktakin
- Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri
- Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roghaye Khasha
- Center of Excellence in Healthcare Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116, Tehran, Iran
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5816
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Montgomery RM, Boucher EM, Honomichl RD, Powell TA, Guyton SL, Bernecker SL, Stoeckl SE, Parks AC. The Effects of a Digital Mental Health Intervention in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Analysis of Real-World User Data. JMIR Cardio 2021; 5:e32351. [PMID: 34806986 PMCID: PMC8663463 DOI: 10.2196/32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association has identified poor mental health as a key barrier to healthy behavior change for those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Digital mental health interventions, like those delivered via the internet to computers or smartphones, may provide a scalable solution to improving the mental and physical health of this population. Happify is one such intervention and has demonstrated evidence of efficacy for improving aspects of mental health in both the general population and in users with chronic conditions. Objective The objectives of this analysis of real-world data from Happify users with self-reported CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease, were to examine whether these users would report improvements in subjective well-being and anxiety over time (H1) and use of Happify as recommended would be associated with significantly greater improvement in subjective well-being and anxiety over time compared to less-than-recommended usage (H2). Methods Data were obtained from existing Happify users who reported the aforementioned CVD risk factors. The sample included 1803 users receiving at least 6 weeks’ exposure to Happify (ranging from 42 days to 182 days) who completed at least one activity and two assessments within the app during that time. Subjective well-being was assessed with the Happify Scale, a 9-item measure of positive emotionality and life satisfaction, and anxiety was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2). To evaluate H1, changes over time in both outcomes were assessed using mixed effects linear regression models, controlling for demographics and usage. For H2, an interaction term was added to the models to assess whether usage as recommended was associated with greater improvement over time. Results Both hypotheses were supported. For both the Happify scale and GAD-2, the initial multivariable model without an interaction demonstrated an effect for time from baseline, and the addition of the interaction term between time and recommended use was significant as well. Conclusions This analysis of real-world data provides preliminary evidence that Happify users with self-reported CVD risk factors including high blood pressure or cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease experienced improved well-being and anxiety over time and that those who used Happify as recommended experienced greater improvements in these aspects of mental health than those who completed fewer activities. These findings extend previous research, which demonstrated that engagement with Happify as recommended was associated with improved well-being among physically healthy users and in those with chronic conditions, to a new population for whom mental health is especially critical: those at risk of developing CVD.
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5817
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Martín-Campos JM. Genetic Determinants of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Monogenicity, Polygenicity, and "Missing" Heritability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111728. [PMID: 34829957 PMCID: PMC8615680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels relate to a high risk of developing some common and complex diseases. LDL-c, as a quantitative trait, is multifactorial and depends on both genetic and environmental factors. In the pregenomic age, targeted genes were used to detect genetic factors in both hyper- and hypolipidemias, but this approach only explained extreme cases in the population distribution. Subsequently, the genetic basis of the less severe and most common dyslipidemias remained unknown. In the genomic age, performing whole-exome sequencing in families with extreme plasma LDL-c values identified some new candidate genes, but it is unlikely that such genes can explain the majority of inexplicable cases. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with plasma LDL-c, introducing the idea of a polygenic origin. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), including LDL-c-raising alleles, were developed to measure the contribution of the accumulation of small-effect variants to plasma LDL-c. This paper discusses other possibilities for unexplained dyslipidemias associated with LDL-c, such as mosaicism, maternal effect, and induced epigenetic changes. Future studies should consider gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and the development of integrated information about disease-driving networks, including phenotypes, genotypes, transcription, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Maria Martín-Campos
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IR-HSCSP)-Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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5818
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High Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Not Associated with an Improved Sodium and Potassium Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114151. [PMID: 34836406 PMCID: PMC8623388 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of hypertension and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases are associated with adequate sodium and potassium intake and adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) and the excretion of sodium and potassium as surrogate measures of intake. This is a cross-sectional analysis as part of a larger study (the iMC SALT randomized controlled trial) among workers of a public university. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to MD, using the alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED) score; sodium and potassium excretions were estimated by 24-h urine collections. Sociodemographic and other lifestyle characteristics were also obtained. The associations between the adherence to MD and Na and K excretion were calculated by logistic regression, adjusting for confounding variables. From the 109 selected participants, seven were excluded considering urine screening and completeness criteria, leaving a final sample of 102 subjects (48% male, average age 47 years). Mean sodium and potassium excretion were 3216 mg/day and 2646 mg/day, respectively. Sodium and potassium excretion were significantly higher in men, but no differences were found according to different levels of MD adherence. In logistic regression analysis, sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio urinary excretion tertiles were not associated with MD adherence (low/moderate versus high), even after adjustment for confounding variables. A high adherence to MD was thus not associated with a different level of sodium and potassium intake.
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5819
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Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114150. [PMID: 34836405 PMCID: PMC8622886 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The prevalence of CVD is much higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who may benefit from lifestyle changes, which include adapted diets. In this review, we provide the role of different groups of nutrients in patients with T2DM and CVD, as well as dietary approaches that have been associated with better and worse outcomes in those patients. Many different diets and supplements have proved to be beneficial in T2DM and CVD, but further studies, guidelines, and dietary recommendations are particularly required for patients with both diseases.
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5820
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Dasgupta I, Zoccali C. Is the KDIGO Systolic Blood Pressure Target <120 mm Hg for Chronic Kidney Disease Appropriate in Routine Clinical Practice? Hypertension 2021; 79:4-11. [PMID: 34784720 PMCID: PMC8654101 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meticulous management of hypertension is important in chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, mortality, and progression of CKD. The recently published Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline on blood pressure (BP) management in CKD stresses the importance of standardized BP measurement and strict control of BP. This is a useful document that will help to improve the management of hypertension in CKD globally. However, the recommendation of systolic BP target of <120 mm Hg by KDIGO is controversial. It is based on weak evidence derived mainly from a single randomized controlled trial and its CKD subgroup analysis. Here, we review the current evidence surrounding BP target in CKD. We argue that the target recommended by KDIGO is not generalizable to the majority of people with CKD. Standardized BP measurements are challenging to implement outside specialist hypertension and research clinics, and the target of <120 mm Hg BP systolic cannot be extrapolated to routine clinic BP measurements. If applied to routine BP measurement, this target will expose the multimorbid and frail CKD patients to the risk of adverse events including falls and fractures. Furthermore, it will not be achievable in the majority of CKD patients. The target recommended by KDIGO is an outlier among contemporary major international hypertension guidelines and is likely to perplex clinicians. We believe the KDIGO-recommended target systolic BP <120 mm Hg for CKD is inappropriate in the majority of CKD patients and it may even be harmful for patients managed in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Warwick, United Kingdom (I.D.)
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY (C.Z.).,IPNET c/o Nefrologia e CNR, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Cal, Italy (C.Z.)
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5821
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Ren KD, Peng ZM, Tian J, Peng YW, Zhang YY, Zhang XJ, Hu ZY, Luo XJ, Peng J. Dipsacoside B Exerts a Beneficial Effect on Brain Injury in the Ischemic Stroke Rat through Inhibition of Mitochondrial E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 1. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:693-703. [PMID: 34792016 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211118143554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Mul1) contributes to brain injury in ischemic stroke due to disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics, and bioinformatics analysis predicts that Mul1 is a potential target of Dipsacoside B. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore whether Dipsacoside B can exert a beneficial effect on brain injury in the ischemic stroke rat via targeting Mul1. METHODS The SD rat brains or PC12 cells were subjected to 2 h-ischemia or 8 h-hypoxia plus 24 h-reperfusion or 24 h-reoxygenation to establish the ischemic stroke rat model in vivo or in vitro, which were treated with Dipsacoside B at different dosages. The brain or PC12 cell injury, relevant protein levels and mitochondrial functions were measured by methods of biochemistry, flow cytometry or Western blot. RESULTS The neurological dysfunction and brain injury (such as infarction and apoptosis) observed in the ischemic stroke rats were accompanied by increases in Mul1 and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) levels along with decreases in mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) level and ATP production. These effects were attenuated by Dipsacoside B. Consistently, cell injury (necroptosis and apoptosis) occurred in the PC12 cells exposed to hypoxia concomitant with the upregulation of Mul1 and Drp1 along with downregulation of Mfn2 and mitochondrial functions (such as increases in reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial fission and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production).These phenomena were reversed in the presence of Dipsacoside B. CONCLUSION Dipsacoside B can protect the rat brain against ischemic injury via inhibition of Mul1 due to the improvement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
| | - Zi-Mei Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
| | - Ya-Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
| | - Yi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
| | - Zhong-Yang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha,410013. China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha,410013. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha,410078. China
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5822
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Duflot T, Tu L, Leuillier M, Messaoudi H, Groussard D, Feugray G, Azhar S, Thuillet R, Bauer F, Humbert M, Richard V, Guignabert C, Bellien J. Preventing the Increase in Lysophosphatidic Acids: A New Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110784. [PMID: 34822442 PMCID: PMC8621392 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of premature death and disability in humans that are closely related to lipid metabolism and signaling. This study aimed to assess whether circulating lysophospholipids (LPL), lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in CVD. For this objective, plasma levels of 22 compounds (13 LPL, 6 LPA and 3 MAG) were monitored by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS2) in different rat models of CVD, i.e., angiotensin-II-induced hypertension (HTN), ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF) and sugen/hypoxia(SuHx)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). On one hand, there were modest changes on the monitored compounds in HTN (LPA 16:0, 18:1 and 20:4, LPC 16:1) and CHF (LPA 16:0, LPC 18:1 and LPE 16:0 and 18:0) models compared to control rats but these changes were no longer significant after multiple testing corrections. On the other hand, PH was associated with important changes in plasma LPA with a significant increase in LPA 16:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6 species. A deleterious impact of LPA was confirmed on cultured human pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) with an increase in their proliferation. Finally, plasma level of LPA(16:0) was positively associated with the increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patients with cardiac dysfunction. This study demonstrates that circulating LPA may contribute to the pathophysiology of PH. Additional experiments are needed to assess whether the modulation of LPA signaling in PH may be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duflot
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, CHU Rouen, Department of Pharmacology, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (V.R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-32-88-84-91
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (L.T.); (R.T.); (M.H.); (C.G.)
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Matthieu Leuillier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (H.M.); (D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Hind Messaoudi
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (H.M.); (D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Déborah Groussard
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (H.M.); (D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Guillaume Feugray
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, CHU Rouen, Department of General Biochemistry, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Saïda Azhar
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (H.M.); (D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (L.T.); (R.T.); (M.H.); (C.G.)
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fabrice Bauer
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, CHU Rouen, Department of Cardiology, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (L.T.); (R.T.); (M.H.); (C.G.)
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, CHU Rouen, Department of Pharmacology, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (V.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (L.T.); (R.T.); (M.H.); (C.G.)
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, CHU Rouen, Department of Pharmacology, Normandie University, F-76000 Rouen, France; (V.R.); (J.B.)
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5823
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O’Brien KM, Barnes C, Yoong S, Campbell E, Wyse R, Delaney T, Brown A, Stacey F, Davies L, Lorien S, Hodder RK. School-Based Nutrition Interventions in Children Aged 6 to 18 Years: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews. Nutrients 2021; 13:4113. [PMID: 34836368 PMCID: PMC8618558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schools are identified as a key setting to influence children's and adolescents' healthy eating. This umbrella review synthesised evidence from systematic reviews of school-based nutrition interventions designed to improve dietary intake outcomes in children aged 6 to 18 years. We undertook a systematic search of six electronic databases and grey literature to identify relevant reviews of randomized controlled trials. The review findings were categorised for synthesis by intervention type according to the World Health Organisation Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework domains: nutrition education; food environment; all three HPS framework domains; or other (not aligned to HPS framework domain). Thirteen systematic reviews were included. Overall, the findings suggest that school-based nutrition interventions, including nutrition education, food environment, those based on all three domains of the HPS framework, and eHealth interventions, can have a positive effect on some dietary outcomes, including fruit, fruit and vegetables combined, and fat intake. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, as the quality of the reviews was poor. Though these results support continued public health investment in school-based nutrition interventions to improve child dietary intake, the limitations of this umbrella review also highlight the need for a comprehensive and high quality systematic review of primary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. O’Brien
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Serene Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Campbell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rebecca Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Tessa Delaney
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Alison Brown
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fiona Stacey
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lynda Davies
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
| | - Sasha Lorien
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rebecca K. Hodder
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (C.B.); (S.Y.); (E.C.); (R.W.); (T.D.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (R.K.H.)
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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5824
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Radisauskas R, Kim KV, Lange S, Liutkute-Gumarov V, Mesceriakova-Veliuliene O, Petkeviciene J, Stelemekas M, Telksnys T, Tran A, Rehm J. Cardiovascular diseases mortality and alcohol control policy in Lithuania: exploring a possible link. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2116. [PMID: 34789207 PMCID: PMC8600709 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lithuania possesses one of the highest alcohol per capita consumption and has previously implemented alcohol control policies to reduce the alcohol-attributable burden. The aim of this study was to investigate Lithuanian cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate trends between 2001 and 2018 and to explore a possible link between CVD mortality rate and alcohol control policy implementation. Methods Lithuanian population mortality and alcohol consumption data for 2001–2018 were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and The State Register of Death Cases and Their Causes, Institute of Hygiene. Sex-specific CVD mortality rates were directly standardized to the European standard population by five-year age groups and categorized according to the ICD-10 codes for all CVDs (I00-I99), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (I20-I25), cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) and alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) (I42.6). Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to identify points of inflection to explore their alignment with five selected alcohol policy enactments. Results Overall, the 2001–2018 yearly mortality rates for all CVDs significantly decreased on average by − 1.6% (95% CI -2.0, − 1.2%) among men and − 2.1% (95% CI -2.5, − 1.8%) among women. Yearly changes in all CVDs, IHD, cerebrovascular diseases and ACM mortality rates were insignificant prior to their respective critical year points in 2006, 2005, 2008 and 2007, but significantly decreased afterwards by an average of − 2.4% (95% CI -2.7, − 2.0%), − 1.6% (95% CI -2.1, − 1.1%), − 1.2% (95 CI -1.7, − 0.6%) and − 4.5% (95% CI -7.3, − 1.6%) among men, and by − 2.7% (95% CI -3.0, − 2.3%), − 2.0% (95% CI -2.6, − 1.4%), − 1.8% (95% CI 2.4, − 1.3%) and − 6.6% (95% CI -10.7, − 2.2%) among women, respectively. The changes in the mortality rate trends for all CVDs, IHD, cerebrovascular diseases and especially ACM coincided with alcohol policies enacted on the January 1, 2008, January 1, 2009, April 1, 2014 and March 1, 2017. Conclusions Yearly mortality rates for all CVDs, IHD, cerebrovascular diseases and ACM have declined in Lithuania between 2001 and 2018, and declining trends were more prominent in women than in men. Among the ICD-10 CVD categories investigated, the points of inflection identified for the ACM mortality rate trend coincided best with the selected alcohol policy enactment dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardas Radisauskas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania. .,Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, 50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kawon Victoria Kim
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S1, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S1, Canada
| | - Vaida Liutkute-Gumarov
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Olga Mesceriakova-Veliuliene
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Janina Petkeviciene
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Stelemekas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tadas Telksnys
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, 47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alexander Tran
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P8, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S1, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992
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5825
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Measuring the Effect of Place, Socioeconomic Status, and Racism on Coronary Heart Disease: Recent Trends and Missed Opportunities. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-021-00281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5826
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Mathur T, Tronolone JJ, Jain A. Comparative Analysis of Blood-Derived Endothelial Cells for Designing Next-Generation Personalized Organ-on-Chips. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022795. [PMID: 34743553 PMCID: PMC8751908 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Organ‐on‐chip technology has accelerated in vitro preclinical research of the vascular system, and a key strength of this platform is its promise to impact personalized medicine by providing a primary human cell–culture environment where endothelial cells are directly biopsied from individual tissue or differentiated through stem cell biotechniques. However, these methods are difficult to adopt in laboratories, and often result in impurity and heterogeneity of cells. This limits the power of organ‐chips in making accurate physiological predictions. In this study, we report the use of blood‐derived endothelial cells as alternatives to primary and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells. Methods and Results Here, the genotype, phenotype, and organ‐chip functional characteristics of blood‐derived outgrowth endothelial cells were compared against commercially available and most used primary endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells. The methods include RNA‐sequencing, as well as criterion standard assays of cell marker expression, growth kinetics, migration potential, and vasculogenesis. Finally, thromboinflammatory responses under shear using vessel‐chips engineered with blood‐derived endothelial cells were assessed. Blood‐derived endothelial cells exhibit the criterion standard hallmarks of typical endothelial cells. There are differences in gene expression profiles between different sources of endothelial cells, but blood‐derived cells are relatively closer to primary cells than induced pluripotent stem cell–derived. Furthermore, blood‐derived endothelial cells are much easier to obtain from individuals and yet, they serve as an equally effective cell source for functional studies and organ‐chips compared with primary cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cells. Conclusions Blood‐derived endothelial cells may be used in preclinical research for developing more robust and personalized next‐generation disease models using organ‐on‐chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - James J Tronolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX.,Department of Medical Physiology College of MedicineTexas A&M Health Science Center Bryan TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX
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5827
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Wang L, Song L, Li D, Zhou Z, Chen S, Yang Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Tian Y. Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metric and Its Change With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022502. [PMID: 34755533 PMCID: PMC8751933 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular health (CVH) status is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, evidence for association of CVH change with risk of CVD is scarce. Methods and Results Seven metrics (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose) were used to evaluate the CVH status. Having 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 7 ideal cardiovascular metrics were categorized as low, moderate, and high CVH status, respectively. Change in CVH status was assessed from 2006/2007 to 2010/2011. We calculated lifetime risk of CVD using a modified Kaplan–Meier method, and life expectancy was evaluated via the multistate lifetable method. There were 82 349 participants included in our analysis. At 35 years index age, the age‐adjusted incident rate and lifetime risk of CVD were increased with decreasing number of ideal CVH metrics. The direction of change in status of CVH was consistently associated with age‐adjusted incident rate and lifetime risk of CVD. At 35 years index age, improvement from low to moderate (37.6% [95% CI, 32.8%–42.4%]) or to high status (24.4% [95% CI, 12.7%–36.0%]) had lower lifetime risk of CVD compared with consistently low status (44.6% [95% CI, 40.8%–48.5%]). The improvement in CVH could prolong the years of life free from CVD. The pattern of incident rate and lifetime risk across change in CVH status was similar at 45 and 55 years index age. Conclusions Higher number of CVH metrics was associated with lower lifetime risk of CVD. The improvement of CVH status could reduce the lifetime risk of CVD and prolonged the year of life free from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dankang Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan City China
| | - Yingping Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan City China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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5828
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Yuan Y, Heizhati M, Wang L, Li M, Lin M, Gan L, Cai X, Yang W, Yao L, Wang Z, Abudereyimu R, Li N. Poor sleep quality is associated with new-onset hypertension in a diverse young and middle-aged population. Sleep Med 2021; 88:189-196. [PMID: 34781033 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders have been proposed as the potential risk factors for hypertension, thus we aimed to investigate the association of sleep quality with new-onset hypertension. METHODS We evaluated sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and it's seven components in normotensive population aged 18 years old and over in Emin Xinjiang, China in 2016 and followed up till 2019 using annual health checkup data. Poor sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score>5, and good sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score⩽5. RESULTS Among 9344 analytic sample 57.29% were female. A total of 2958 (31.66%) subjects developed hypertension during 22,960 person-years of follow-up. Poor sleep quality (HR 1.131, 95% CI 1.045, 1.224) showed had higher risk of development hypertension in total population in adjusted Cox models. Fairly bad subjective sleep quality (HR 1.148, 95% CI 1.015, 1.298), habitual sleep efficiency of <65%-75% group (HR 1.174, 95% CI 1.026, 1.344), and mild (HR 1.194, 95% CI 1.098, 1.299) and moderate (HR 1.264, 95% CI 1.080, 1.479) sleep disturbance increased the risk of developing hypertension compared to their counterparts. In age stratification, poor sleep quality (HR 1.100, 95% CI 1.007, 1.202) had higher risk of developing hypertension in the young and middle-aged population after adjusted all covariates. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality is associated with higher risk of new-onset hypertension in young and middle-aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yuan
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mulalibieke Heizhati
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengyue Lin
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xintian Cai
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhongrong Wang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Reyila Abudereyimu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nanfang Li
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Xinjiang, China.
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5829
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Sidarta A, Lim YC, Kuah CWK, Loh YJ, Ang WT. Robotic-based ACTive somatoSENSory (Act.Sens) retraining on upper limb functions with chronic stroke survivors: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:207. [PMID: 34782024 PMCID: PMC8591937 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies have established that senses of the limb position in space (proprioception and kinaesthesia) are important for motor control and learning. Although nearly one-half of stroke patients have impairment in the ability to sense their movements, somatosensory retraining focusing on proprioception and kinaesthesia is often overlooked. Interventions that simultaneously target motor and somatosensory components are thought to be useful for relearning somatosensory functions while increasing mobility of the affected limb. For over a decade, robotic technology has been incorporated in stroke rehabilitation for more controlled therapy intensity, duration, and frequency. This pilot randomised controlled trial introduces a compact robotic-based upper-limb reaching task that retrains proprioception and kinaesthesia concurrently. Methods Thirty first-ever chronic stroke survivors (> 6-month post-stroke) will be randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Over a 5-week period, the treatment group will receive 15 training sessions for about an hour per session. Robot-generated haptic guidance will be provided along the movement path as somatosensory cues while moving. Audio-visual feedback will appear following every successful movement as a reward. For the same duration, the control group will complete similar robotic training but without the vision occluded and robot-generated cues. Baseline, post-day 1, and post-day 30 assessments will be performed, where the last two sessions will be conducted after the last training session. Robotic-based performance indices and clinical assessments of upper limb functions after stroke will be used to acquire primary and secondary outcome measures respectively. This work will provide insights into the feasibility of such robot-assisted training clinically. Discussion The current work presents a study protocol to retrain upper-limb somatosensory and motor functions using robot-based rehabilitation for community-dwelling stroke survivors. The training promotes active use of the affected arm while at the same time enhances somatosensory input through augmented feedback. The outcomes of this study will provide preliminary data and help inform the clinicians on the feasibility and practicality of the proposed exercise. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04490655. Registered 29 July 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00948-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Sidarta
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu Chin Lim
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Wee Keong Kuah
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced Rehabilitation Therapeutics (CART), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Joo Loh
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Tech Ang
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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5830
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Villela PB, Santos SC, de Oliveira GMM. Heart failure quantified by underlying cause and multiple cause of death in Brazil between 2006 and 2016. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2100. [PMID: 34781911 PMCID: PMC8594227 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) does not produce estimates of heart failure (HF) since this condition is considered the common end to several diseases (i.e., garbage code). This study aims to analyze the interactions between underlying and multiple causes of death related to HF in Brazil and its geographic regions, by sex, from 2006 to 2016. Methods Descriptive study of a historical series of death certificates (DCs) related to deaths that occurred in Brazil between 2006 and 2016, including both sexes and all age groups. To identify HF as the underlying cause of death or as a multiple cause of death, we considered the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code I50 followed by any digit. We evaluated the deaths and constructed graphs by geographic region to compare with national data. Results We included 1,074,038 DCs issued between 2006 and 2016 that included code I50 in Parts I or II of the certificate. The frequency of HF as the multiple cause of death in both sexes was nearly three times higher than the frequency of HF as an underlying cause of death; this observation remained consistent over the years. The Southeast region had the highest number of deaths in all years (about 40,000 records) and approximately double the number in the Northeast region and more than four times the number in the North region. Codes of diseases clinically unrelated to HF, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke, were mentioned in 3.11, 2.62, and 1.49% of the DCs, respectively. Conclusions When we consider HF as the underlying cause of death, we observed an important underestimation of its impact on mortality, since when analyzed as a multiple cause of death, HF is present in almost three times more deaths recorded in Brazil from 2006 to 2016. The mentioning of conditions with little association with HF at the time of the death highlights the importance of HF as a complex syndrome with multiple components that must be considered in the analysis of mortality trends for implementation of public health management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Blanco Villela
- Department of Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255 / 8o. Andar, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Carvalho Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255 / 8o. Andar, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira
- Department of Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255 / 8o. Andar, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
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5831
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Li Z, Xiao G, Wang H, He S, Zhu Y. A preparation of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract inhibits the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in post-stroke mice via regulating the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114481. [PMID: 34343651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shuxuening injection (SXNI) is a Chinese medicine of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract (GBE), which is widely used clinically for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and myocardial infarction, but the pharmacological mechanism of its therapeutic effect is not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY Preclinical studies suggested that inhibition of neuronal apoptosis effectively improves brain damage after ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of SXNI on neuronal apoptosis in post-stroke mice and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) model was constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and treated with 3 mL/kg SXNI. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry experiments were performed on brain slices on the 7th day after stroke. The protein was extracted from the hippocampus region of the brain for western-blot assay. To simulate the in vivo ischemia-reperfusion process, the hippocampal neuron cell line HT-22 was subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro, and 200 μg/mL SXNI was administered. The HT-22 cells were then studied by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In vivo, SXNI treatment significantly reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry showed that SXNI inhibited the activation of Caspase-3 protein in the hippocampus after ischemic stroke. Western blot analysis further confirmed that SXNI regulated the expression of the antagonizing protein pair Bax and Bcl-2 to exert anti-apoptotic effect in addition to reducing the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3 in the hippocampus. In vitro, 200 μg/mL SXNI treatment significantly improved HT-22 apoptosis caused by OGD/R. Further RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry study showed that 200 μg/mL SXNI inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of apoptotic molecules Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS CIRI can induce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, which is inhibited by SXNI via regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and blocking Caspase-3 activation. Therefore, SXNI may be a promising treatment strategy to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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5832
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Exercise Training Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis through Increasing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Regulating TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 Signaling in Mice with Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212341. [PMID: 34830222 PMCID: PMC8623999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been reported to alleviate cardiac fibrosis and ameliorate heart dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI), but the molecular mechanism is still not fully clarified. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a protective effect on the infarcted heart. This study investigates whether exercise training could increase FGF21 protein expression and regulate the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway to alleviate cardiac fibrosis following MI. Male wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and Fgf21 knockout (Fgf21 KO) mice were used to establish the MI model and subjected to five weeks of different types of exercise training. Both aerobic exercise training (AET) and resistance exercise training (RET) significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, up-regulated FGF21 protein expression, inhibited the activation of TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway and collagen production, and meanwhile, enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced cell apoptosis in the infarcted heart. In contrast, knockout of Fgf21 weakened the cardioprotective effects of AET after MI. In vitro, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from neonatal mice hearts and treated with H2O2 (100 μM, 6 h). Recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 100 ng/mL, 15 h) and/or 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 1 mM, 15 h) inhibited H2O2-induced activation of the TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway, promoted CFs apoptosis and reduced collagen production. In conclusion, exercise training increases FGF21 protein expression, inactivates the TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway, alleviates cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, and finally improves cardiac function in mice with MI. FGF21 plays an important role in the anti-fibrosis effect of exercise training.
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5833
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Chen Z, Yan Y, Qi C, Liu J, Li L, Wang J. The Role of Ferroptosis in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Significance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:733229. [PMID: 34765653 PMCID: PMC8576275 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.733229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide with regulated cell death playing an important role in cardiac pathophysiology. However, the classical mode of cell death cannot fully explain the occurrence and development of heart disease. In recent years, much research has been performed on ferroptosis, a new type of cell death that causes cell damage and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of different organelles in ferroptosis and also focus on the relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis. Additionally, we describe the specific mechanism by which ferroptosis contributes to the development of CVD. Finally, we summarize the current research on ferroptosis-related pathway inhibitors and the applications of clinically beneficial cardiovascular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5834
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García-González X, Salvador-Martín S. Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Adverse Reactions in Cardiology: Ready for Implementation? J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111180. [PMID: 34834533 PMCID: PMC8619366 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVs) are one of the main causes of mortality and disability around the world. Advances in drug treatment have greatly improved survival and quality of life in the past decades, but associated adverse events remain a relevant problem. Pharmacogenetics can help individualize cardiovascular treatment, reducing associated toxicities and improving outcomes. Several scientific societies and working groups periodically review available studies and provide consensus recommendations for those gene-drug pairs with a sufficient level of evidence. However, these recommendations are rarely mandatory, and the indications on how to adjust treatment can vary between different guidelines, which limits their clinical applicability. The aim of this review is to compile, compare and discuss available guidelines and recommendations by the main Pharmacogenetics Consortiums (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC); Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG); the French Network of Pharmacogenetics (Réseau national de pharmacogénétique (RNPGx) and The Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety (CPNDS) regarding how to apply pharmacogenetic results to optimize pharmacotherapy in cardiology. Pharmacogenetic recommendations included in European or American drug labels, as well as those included in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) treatment guidelines are also discussed.
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5835
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (S.R.); and the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Boston College, Boston (P.J.L.)
| | - Philip J Landrigan
- From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (S.R.); and the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Boston College, Boston (P.J.L.)
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5836
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Lin CH, Li HY, Wang SH, Chen YH, Chen YC, Wu HT. Consumption of Non-Nutritive Sweetener, Acesulfame Potassium Exacerbates Atherosclerosis through Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in ApoE -/- Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113984. [PMID: 34836239 PMCID: PMC8618357 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, and non-nutritive sweetener, such as acesulfame potassium (AceK) has been used to combat obesity. However, the effects of AceK on cardiovascular disease are still unclear. In this study, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed ApoE-/- mice had dysregulated plasma lipid profile, and developed atherosclerosis, determined by atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta. Supplement of AceK in HCD worsened the dyslipidemia and increased atherosclerotic plaque, as compared with HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Since treatment of AceK in RAW264.7 macrophages showed no significant effects on inflammatory cytokine expressions, we then investigated the impacts of AceK on lipid metabolism. We found that AceK consumption enhanced hepatic lipogenesis and decreased β-oxidation in ApoE-/- mice. In addition, AceK directly increased lipogenesis and decreased β-oxidation in HepG2 cells. Taken together, a concurrent consumption of AceK exacerbated HCD-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-/- mice, and AceK might increase the risk of atherosclerosis under HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Lin
- Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Yue-Hwa Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5205); Fax: +886-6-2353660
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5837
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Tretter JT, Izawa Y, Spicer DE, Okada K, Anderson RH, Quintessenza JA, Mori S. Understanding the Aortic Root Using Computed Tomographic Assessment: A Potential Pathway to Improved Customized Surgical Repair. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e013134. [PMID: 34743527 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.013134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is continued interest in surgical repair of both the congenitally malformed aortic valve, and the valve with acquired dysfunction. Aortic valvar repair based on a geometric approach has demonstrated improved durability and outcomes. Such an approach requires a thorough comprehension of the complex 3-dimensional anatomy of both the normal and congenitally malformed aortic root. In this review, we provide an understanding of this anatomy based on the features that can accurately be revealed by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic imaging. We highlight the complimentary role that such imaging, with multiplanar reformatting and 3-dimensional reconstructions, can play in selection of patients, and subsequent presurgical planning for valvar repair. The technique compliments other established techniques for perioperative imaging, with echocardiography maintaining its central role in assessment, and enhances direct surgical evaluation. This additive morphological and functional information holds the potential for improving selection of patients, surgical planning, subsequent surgical repair, and hopefully the subsequent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Tretter
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (J.T.T.)
| | - Yu Izawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Y.I.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Diane E Spicer
- Heart Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL (D.E.S., J.A.Q.)
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (K.O.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Robert H Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - James A Quintessenza
- Heart Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL (D.E.S., J.A.Q.)
| | - Shumpei Mori
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (S.M.)
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5838
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Emerging Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212109. [PMID: 34829992 PMCID: PMC8624828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CAD) is the main cause of morbidity and deaths in the western world. The development of atherosclerosis underlying CAD development begins early in human life. There are numerous genetic and environmental risk factors accelerating its progression which then leads to the occurrence of acute events. Despite considerable progress in determining risk factors, there is still a lot of work ahead since identified determinants are responsible only for a part of overall CAD risk. Current therapies are insufficient to successfully reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive measures of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since the currently available drugs cannot prevent the occurrence of even 70% of clinical events. The shift of the target from lipid metabolism has opened the door to many new therapeutic targets. Currently, the majority of known targets for anti-atherosclerotic drugs focus also on inflammation (a common mediator of many risk factors), mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis, molecule scavengers, etc. The therapeutic potential of cyclodextrins, protein kinase inhibitors, colchicine, inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipid dicarbonyl scavengers, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, and P-selectin inhibitors is still not fully confirmed and requires confirmation in large clinical trials. The preliminary results look promising.
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5839
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Guerra TDRB. The Present and Future of the Cardioprotective Food Model for the Brazilian Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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5840
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Kim J, Shanmugasundaram A, Lee DW. Enhancement of cardiac contractility using gold-coated SU-8 cantilevers and their application to drug-induced cardiac toxicity tests. Analyst 2021; 146:6768-6779. [PMID: 34642716 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we propose an array of gold (Au)-coated SU-8 cantilevers with microgrooves for improved maturation of cardiomyocytes and describe its applications to drug-induced cardiac toxicity tests. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of cell culture substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide (PI), and SU-8 on the cardiomyocyte's maturation. Among these, the SU-8 with microgroove structures exhibits improved cardiomyocyte maturation. Further, thin layers of graphene and Au are coated on SU-8 substrates and the effects of these materials on cardiomyocyte maturation are evaluated by analyzing the expression of proteins such as alpha-actinin, Connexin 43 (Cx43), and Vinculin. While both conductive materials enhanced protein expression when compared to bare SU-8, the Au-coated SU-8 substrates demonstrated superior cardiomyocyte maturation. The cantilever structure is constructed using microgroove patterned SU-8 with and without an Au coating. The Au-coated SU-8 cantilever showed maximum displacement of 17.6 ± 0.3 μm on day 21 compared to bare SU-8 (14.2 ± 0.4 μm) owing to improved cardiomyocytes maturation. Verapamil and quinidine are used to characterize drug-induced changes in the contraction characteristics of cardiomyocytes on bare and Au-coated SU-8 cantilevers. The relative contraction forces and beat rates changed according to the calcium and sodium channel related drugs. Matured cardiomyocytes are less influenced by the drugs compared to immature cardiomyocytes and showed reliable IC50 values. These results indicate that the proposed Au-coated SU-8 cantilever array could help improve the accuracy of toxicity screening results by allowing for the use of cardiomyocytes that have been matured on the drug screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Kim
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunkumar Shanmugasundaram
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Next-Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Medical Device Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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5841
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Revisiting the diagnosis of 'resistant hypertension': what should we do nowadays'. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 36:337-340. [PMID: 34743172 PMCID: PMC9021017 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5842
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Yang X, Chen H, Zhang D, Shen L, An G, Zhao S. Global magnitude and temporal trend of infective endocarditis, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:1277-1286. [PMID: 34739047 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the spatiotemporal patterns in infective endocarditis (IE) burden along with its attributable risk factors at the national, regional, and global levels, which is essential to optimize the targeted prevention, clinical practice, and research. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on all available data sources, the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IE in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were reconstructed by Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 using the Cause of Death Ensemble model, spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and DisMod-MR 2.1. We depicted the epidemiological characteristics of IE in detail by gender, region, and age. Globally, 1 090 527 incident cases, 66 322 deaths, and 1 723 594 DALYs of IE were estimated in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) increased from 9.91 and 0.73 to 13.80 and 0.87 per 100 000 person-years over the past 30 years, respectively. ASIR were consistently more pronounced in higher socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. The leading ASMR in 2019 appeared in the High SDI region, with the largest increase in the past three decades. The age-specific burden rate of IE among people over 25 years old usually increased with age, and the annual increasing trend was more obvious for people over 60 years of age, especially in higher SDI regions. CONCLUSION The incidence and mortality of IE have continued to rise in the past 30 years, especially in higher SDI regions. The patient population was gradually shifting from the young to the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guipeng An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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5843
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Association between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113952. [PMID: 34836208 PMCID: PMC8624676 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, characterized by a higher consumption of plant foods and a lower consumption of animal foods, are associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence regarding the association between plant-based diets and CVD (including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) incidence remain inconclusive. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases through December 2020 to identify prospective observational studies that examined the associations between plant-based diets and CVD incidence among adults. A systematic review and a meta-analysis using random effects models and dose–response analyses were performed. Ten studies describing nine unique cohorts were identified with a total of 698,707 participants (including 137,968 CVD, 41,162 CHD and 13,370 stroke events). Compared with the lowest adherence, the highest adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CVD (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.79–0.89) and CHD (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.94), but not of stroke (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73–1.03). Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthful PDI scores were associated with a reduced CVD risk. These results support the claim that diets lower in animal foods and unhealthy plant foods, and higher in healthy plant foods are beneficial for CVD prevention. Protocol was published in PROSPERO (No. CRD42021223188).
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5844
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Aburto MJ, Romero D, Rezende LFM, Sanchez ZM, Bolados CC, Guzmán-Habinger J, Rios M, Suárez-Reyes M, Marques A, Drenowatz C, Cristi-Montero C, Ferrari G. Prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases according to sociodemographic characteristics among adults Chilean residents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21702. [PMID: 34737379 PMCID: PMC8569195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) according to sociodemographic characteristics in Chilean residents. A cross-sectional study based on data from 5995 adults from the Chilean National Health Survey. The lifestyle risk factors included were physical inactivity, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, and overweight/obesity. The most frequent risk factor was overweight/obesity (75.6%), followed by alcohol consumption (74.8%), low fruits and vegetable consumption (51.7%), physical inactivity (36.3%), and tobacco consumption (27.9%). Only 1.0% of the participants did not present any risk factor, while 9.6%, 30.4%, 34.0%, 20.3%, and 4.7% accumulated one, two, three, four, and five risk factors. Men (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18; 2.04), people who have secondary education (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20; 2.10), and those with lower household income (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.09; 1.59) had higher odds of three or more risk factors. Associations were inverse for older adults (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41; 0.79) and rural geographic areas (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67; 0.89). The prevalence of risk factors for NCDs is fairly high in Chilean residents. Interventions may need to target these co-occurrences rather than emphasizing individual risk factors for NCDs. Interventions could further consider these co-occurrences as a potential target for population stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Aburto
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayna Romero
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro F M Rezende
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Cofre Bolados
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Guzmán-Habinger
- Universidad Mayor, Facultad de Ciências, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Especialidad medicina del deporte y la actividad física, Universidad Mayor, Facultad de Ciencias, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario Rios
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal.,ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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5845
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Chedea VS, Tomoiagǎ LL, Macovei ŞO, Mǎgureanu DC, Iliescu ML, Bocsan IC, Buzoianu AD, Voşloban CM, Pop RM. Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Actions of Polyphenols From Grapevine and Wine By-Products-Base for Complementary Therapy in Ischemic Heart Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750508. [PMID: 34805304 PMCID: PMC8595212 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace and grape seeds, by-products of the wine industry, and grapevine cane resulting from grapevine pruning are cheap matrices containing important amounts of polyphenols. While there is a continuous need of introducing new ways of these by-products valorization, we propose their use as a source of bioactive polyphenols for complementary therapy in ischemic heart diseases. As oxidative stress plays an important role in these diseases, by their antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties, these compounds, mainly flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, and resveratrol may counteract the damage of the oxidative stress. For instance, to some extent, the grape seed extract, considered as an antioxidant nutritive supplement, may have pro-oxidant activity as well, depending on dose, duration of administration, and other dietary components. In vitro studies confirm that the antioxidant activity of this extract might be mediated by pro-oxidant o-quinones and oxidation products of the polyphenols from grape and winery byproducts, indicating that quinones, as oxidation products, are involved in the modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance at the cellular level in the case of catechin-type compounds, in the absence or presence of oxidative stress inducers. In vivo, studies indicate that a grape pomace-rich diet results in a significant increase of the total antioxidant status in the plasma, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Also, the administration of grape pomace shows antioxidant activity with positive effects on health. In this context, the present review aims to present the most recent research focused on the antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of the bioactive polyphenols from grapevine and wine byproducts, in conditions of ischemic heart diseases as assessed in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Lucia Iliescu
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), Blaj, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5846
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Shi H, Ossip DJ, Mayo NL, Lopez DA, Block RC, Post WS, Bertoni AG, Ding J, Chen S, Yan C, Xie Z, Hoeschele I, Liu Y, Li D. Role of DNA methylation on the association between physical activity and cardiovascular diseases: results from the longitudinal multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:790. [PMID: 34732130 PMCID: PMC8567593 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complexity of physical activity (PA) and DNA methylation interaction in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rarely simultaneously investigated in one study. We examined the role of DNA methylation on the association between PA and CVD. Results The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort Exam 5 data with 1065 participants free of CVD were used for final analysis. The quartile categorical total PA variable was created by activity intensity (METs/week). During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 69 participants developed CVD. Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to provide genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in purified human monocytes (CD14+). We identified 23 candidate DNA methylation loci to be associated with both PA and CVD. We used the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to test the complex relationships among multiple variables and the roles of mediators. Three of the 23 identified loci (corresponding to genes VPS13D, PIK3CD and VPS45) remained as significant mediators in the final SEM model along with other covariates. Bridged by the three genes, the 2nd PA quartile (β = − 0.959; 95%CI: − 1.554 to − 0.449) and the 3rd PA quartile (β = − 0.944; 95%CI: − 1.628 to − 0.413) showed the greatest inverse associations with CVD development, while the 4th PA quartile had a relatively weaker inverse association (β = − 0.355; 95%CI: − 0.713 to − 0.124). Conclusions The current study is among the first to simultaneously examine the relationships among PA, DNA methylation, and CVD in a large cohort with long-term exposure. We identified three DNA methylation loci bridged the association between PA and CVD. The function of the identified genes warrants further investigation in the pathogenesis of CVD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08108-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangchuan Shi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642-0708, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Deborah J Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nicole L Mayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel A Lopez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642-0708, USA
| | - Ina Hoeschele
- Department of Statistics, Fralin Life Sciences Institute at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642-0708, USA.
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5847
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Wu D, Gu Y, Zhu D. Cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in attenuating myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:875. [PMID: 34726247 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the major causes of cardiovascular‑related mortality worldwide. Myocardial ischemia can be attenuated by reperfusion that restores the blood supply. However, injuries occur during blood flow restoration that induce cardiac dysfunction, which is known as myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (MIRI). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third discovered endogenous gasotransmitter in mammals (after NO and CO), participates in various pathophysiological processes. Previous in vitro and in vivo research have revealed the protective role of H2S in the cardiovascular system that render it useful in the protection of the myocardium against MIRI. The cardioprotective effects of H2S in attenuating MIRI are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Gu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Deqiu Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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5848
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Shobeiri E, Rai A, Rouzbahani M, Heidari Moghadam R, Azimivghar J, Pourmirza F, Tadbiri H, Salehi N. Assessing the Stress Echocardiography in Women With Breast Arterial Calcification. J Family Reprod Health 2021; 15:196-201. [PMID: 34721611 PMCID: PMC8536829 DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i3.7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: breast arterial calcification (BAC) is one of the most prevalent mammographic findings and has been debated as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). The present study aimed to assess the findings of stress echo in women with BAC. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women who undergo mammography for routine breast cancer screening at Imam Reza hospital, western Iran from March 2018 to July 2018. The patients underwent stress echocardiography to evaluate the probability of myocardial ischemia (MI). Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to assess the differences between subgroups. Results: BAC was present in 61 (15.2%) women. The mean age of the patients with BAC was significantly higher than the patients without BAC (58.59± 7.82 vs. 55.32±6.57, p =0.003). Prevalence rates of the menopause (88.5% vs. 71.1%, p=0.009), hypertension (29.5% vs. 17.7%, p=0.032), and hypercholesterolemia (24.6% vs. 13.0, p=0.018) were significantly higher in the patients with BAC compared to the patients without BAC. The prevalence rate of MI symptoms in the patients with BAC was equal to 24.6%. Significantly, more women with BAC were positive for myocardial ischemia compared to the women without BAC (24.6% vs. 8.5%, p<0.001). The prevalence rates of the diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and history of CVDs were significantly higher in the patients who were positive for MI. Conclusion: It was found that BACs are correlated with an increased occurrence rate of CVDs. Our results illustrated that the patients who were positive for MI were more plausible to be diabetic, hyperlipidemic, hypertensive, and having a history of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shobeiri
- Department of Radiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rouzbahani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari Moghadam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Azimivghar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faranak Pourmirza
- Department of Radiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooman Tadbiri
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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5849
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Tromp TR, Cupido AJ, Reeskamp LF, Stroes ESG, Hovingh GK, Defesche JC, Schmidt AF, Zuurbier L. Assessment of practical applicability and clinical relevance of a commonly used LDL-C polygenic score in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2021; 340:61-67. [PMID: 34774301 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels vary in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and can be explained by a single deleterious genetic variant or by the aggregate effect of multiple, common small-effect variants that can be captured in a polygenic score (PS). We set out to investigate the contribution of a previously published PS to the inter-individual LDL-C variation and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in patients with a clinical FH phenotype. METHODS First, in a cohort of 628 patients referred for genetic FH testing, we evaluated the distribution of a PS for LDL-C comprising 12 genetic variants. Next, we determined its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk using UK Biobank data. RESULTS The mean PS was higher in 533 FH-variant-negative patients (FH/M-) compared with 95 FH-variant carriers (1.02 vs 0.94, p < 0.001). 39% of all patients had a PS equal to the top 20% from a population-based reference cohort and these patients were less likely to carry an FH variant (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.48) compared with patients in the lowest 20%. In UK Biobank data, the PS explained 7.4% of variance in LDL-C levels and was associated with incident CAD. Addition of PS to a prediction model using age and sex and LDL-C did not increase the c-statistic for predicting CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS This 12-variant PS was higher in FH/M- patients and associated with incident CAD in UK Biobank data. However, the PS did not improve predictive accuracy when added to the readily available characteristics age, sex and LDL-C, suggesting limited discriminative value for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho R Tromp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Cupido
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joep C Defesche
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amand F Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Zuurbier
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5850
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Enumah ZO, Boateng P, Bolman RM, Beyersdorf F, Zühlke L, Musoni M, Tivane A, Zilla P. Societies of Futures Past: Examining the History and Potential of International Society Collaborations in Addressing the Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in the Developing World. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:740745. [PMID: 34796211 PMCID: PMC8592898 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.740745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the role and place of national, regional, and international society collaborations in addressing the major global burden of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). On the same order of HIV, RHD affects over 40 million people worldwide. In this article, we will outline the background and current therapeutic landscape for cardiac surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) including the resource-constrained settings within which RHD surgery often occurs. This creates numerous challenges to delivering adequate surgical care and post-operative management for RHD patients, and thus provides some context for a growing movement for and applicability of structural heart approaches, innovative valve replacement technologies, and minimally invasive techniques in this setting. Intertwined and building from this context will be the remainder of the paper which elaborates how national, regional, and international societies have collaborated to address rheumatic heart disease in the past (e.g., Drakensberg Declaration, World Heart Federation Working Group on RHD) with a focus on primary and secondary prevention. We then provide the recent history and context of the growing movement for how surgery has become front and center in the discussion of addressing RHD through the passing of the Cape Town Declaration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Percy Boateng
- Cardiac Surgery Intersociety Alliance, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Cardiac Surgery Intersociety Alliance, Cape Town, South Africa
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute (CHI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maurice Musoni
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Zilla
- Cardiac Surgery Intersociety Alliance, Cape Town, South Africa
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