551
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Shi T, Guo X, Zhu J, Hu L, He Z, Jiang D. Inhibitory Effects of Carbazomycin B Produced by Streptomyces roseoverticillatus 63 Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:616937. [PMID: 33841348 PMCID: PMC8024497 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.616937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present manuscript highlights the potential role of Streptomyces roseoverticillatus 63 (Sr-63) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which is the cause of a disastrous bacterial leaf blight disease with rice worldwide. The disease suppression was achieved under greenhouse conditions. A foliar spray of the fermentation broth of Sr-63 significantly reduced the leaf blight symptoms with rice in Xoo inoculated rice plants. Furthermore, we observed that the carbazomycin B, isolated from the fermentation broth of Sr-63, was demonstrated to have antibacterial activity against Xoo with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg mL-1. The results indicated that carbzomycin B hampered the membrane formation of Xoo, reduced the production of xanthomonadin and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) indicated that carbazomycin B changed the components of the cell membrane, then caused a change of the cell surface hydrophobicity of Xoo. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the Xoo cells treated with carbazomycin B exhibited apparent structural deformation. The results also indicated that carbazomycin B had a negative impact on the metabolism of Xoo, carbazomycin B reduced the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity and suppressed the protein expression of Xoo. Overall, our data suggests that Streptomyces roseoverticillatus 63 is a promising biocontrol agent that could be used to combat the bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Donghua Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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552
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Page LK, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Influence of Hypoxia on the Epithelial-Pathogen Interactions in the Lung: Implications for Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653969. [PMID: 33868294 PMCID: PMC8044850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, the lung remains an oxygen rich environment. However, prominent regions of hypoxia are a common feature of infected and inflamed tissues and many chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are associated with mucosal and systemic hypoxia. The airway epithelium represents a key interface with the external environment and is the first line of defense against potentially harmful agents including respiratory pathogens. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers, and the production of an array of antimicrobial host defense molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in response to activation by receptors. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune response is associated with a compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. An increasing body of evidence indicates a distinct role for hypoxia in the dysfunction of the airway epithelium and in the responses of both innate immunity and of respiratory pathogens. Here we review the current evidence around the role of tissue hypoxia in modulating the host-pathogen interaction at the airway epithelium. Furthermore, we highlight the work needed to delineate the role of tissue hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to novel respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent infections and complex disease processes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and may aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K. Page
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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553
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Dergham Y, Sanchez-Vizuete P, Le Coq D, Deschamps J, Bridier A, Hamze K, Briandet R. Comparison of the Genetic Features Involved in Bacillus subtilis Biofilm Formation Using Multi-Culturing Approaches. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030633. [PMID: 33803642 PMCID: PMC8003051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated multicellular assemblage is an important bacterial trait to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Bacillus subtilis is one of the most studied Gram-positive bacteria, serving as a model for the study of genetic pathways involved in the different steps of 3D biofilm formation. B. subtilis biofilm studies have mainly focused on pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface or complex macrocolonies formed on nutritive agar. However, only few studies focus on the genetic features of B. subtilis submerged biofilm formation and their link with other multicellular models at the air interface. NDmed, an undomesticated B. subtilis strain isolated from a hospital, has demonstrated the ability to produce highly structured immersed biofilms when compared to strains classically used for studying B. subtilis biofilms. In this contribution, we have conducted a multi-culturing comparison (between macrocolony, swarming, pellicle, and submerged biofilm) of B. subtilis multicellular communities using the NDmed strain and mutated derivatives for genes shown to be required for motility and biofilm formation in pellicle and macrocolony models. For the 15 mutated NDmed strains studied, all showed an altered phenotype for at least one of the different culture laboratory assays. Mutation of genes involved in matrix production (i.e., tasA, epsA-O, cap, ypqP) caused a negative impact on all biofilm phenotypes but favored swarming motility on semi-solid surfaces. Mutation of bslA, a gene coding for an amphiphilic protein, affected the stability of the pellicle at the air-liquid interface with no impact on the submerged biofilm model. Moreover, mutation of lytF, an autolysin gene required for cell separation, had a greater effect on the submerged biofilm model than that formed at aerial level, opposite to the observation for lytABC mutant. In addition, B. subtilis NDmed with sinR mutation formed wrinkled macrocolony, less than that formed by the wild type, but was unable to form neither thick pellicle nor structured submerged biofilm. The results are discussed in terms of the relevancy to determine whether genes involved in colony and pellicle formation also govern submerged biofilm formation, by regarding the specificities in each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Dergham
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (Y.D.); (P.S.-V.); (D.L.C.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, 1003 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Pilar Sanchez-Vizuete
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (Y.D.); (P.S.-V.); (D.L.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Dominique Le Coq
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (Y.D.); (P.S.-V.); (D.L.C.); (J.D.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julien Deschamps
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (Y.D.); (P.S.-V.); (D.L.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Arnaud Bridier
- Fougères Laboratory, Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Anses, 35300 Fougères, France;
| | - Kassem Hamze
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, 1003 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (Y.D.); (P.S.-V.); (D.L.C.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence:
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554
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Zand E, Pfanner H, Domig KJ, Sinn G, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Jaeger H. Biofilm-Forming Ability of Microbacterium lacticum and Staphylococcus capitis Considering Physicochemical and Topographical Surface Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030611. [PMID: 33805651 PMCID: PMC8001712 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm characteristics of Microbacterium lacticum D84 (M. lacticum) and Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis (S. capitis) on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm formation were investigated. M. lacticum biofilm structure was more developed compared to S. capitis, representing vastly mature biofilms with a strongly developed amorphous matrix, possibly extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), at late-stage biofilm formation. S. capitis showed faster growth behavior but still resulted in a relatively flat biofilm structure. Strong correlations were found between several roughness parameters and S. capitis surface coverage (r ≥ 0.98), and between total surface free energy (γs) and S. capitis surface coverage (r = 0.89), while M. lacticum remained mostly unaffected. The pronounced ubiquitous biofilm characteristics make M. lacticum D84 a suitable model for biofilm research. Studying biofilm formation of these bacteria may help one understand bacterial adhesion on interfaces and hence reduce biofilm formation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zand
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Hedwig Pfanner
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerhard Sinn
- Institute of Physics and Material Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
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555
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Guo Y, Yang R, Chen F, Yan T, Wen T, Li F, Su X, Wang L, Du J, Liu J. Triphenyl-sesquineolignan analogues derived from Illicium simonsii Maxim exhibit potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by disrupting bacterial membranes. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104824. [PMID: 33773225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a serious public problem. Triphenyl-sesquineolignans from Illicium genus possess antibacterial activity, but few researches have reported their antibacterial spectrums, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and antibacterial mechanism. In this study, three triphenyl-sesquineolignans, dunnianol (1), macranthol (2) and isodunnianol (3) were isolated from the stems and leaves of I. simonsii Maxim, and seven dunnianol derivatives were prepared through esterification, etherification and halogenation reactions. Among all triphenyl-sesquineolignan analogues, compound 6 showed the best antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive bacteria (MICs = 1-2 µg/mL) and ten clinical MRSA strains (MICs = 2-8 µg/mL), and also exhibited characteristics of killing MRSA more rapidly than tigecycline. Meanwhile, compound 6 did not only show a low probability of drug resistance development, but also exhibited relatively low hemolysis, and good stability in 50% plasma. Further mechanism studies revealed that 6 could kill bacterial strains by disrupting bacterial membranes. These results suggested that 6 may be developed into a new antibacterial candidate for combating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruige Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; School of Science, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan Province 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Science, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan Province 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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556
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Kaizerman-Kane D, Hadar M, Joseph R, Logviniuk D, Zafrani Y, Fridman M, Cohen Y. Design Guidelines for Cationic Pillar[n]arenes that Prevent Biofilm Formation by Gram-Positive Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:579-585. [PMID: 33657813 PMCID: PMC8041275 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
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Bacterial biofilms are a major threat
to human health, causing
persistent infections that lead to millions of fatalities worldwide
every year. Biofilms also cause billions of dollars of damage annually
by interfering with industrial processes. Recently, cationic pillararenes
were found to be potent inhibitors of biofilm formation in Gram-positive
bacteria. To identify the structural features of pillararenes that
result in antibiofilm activity, we evaluated the activity of 16 cationic
pillar[5]arene derivatives including that of the first cationic water-soluble
pillar[5]arene-based rotaxane. Twelve of the derivatives were potent
inhibitors of biofilm formation by Gram-positive pathogens. Structure
activity analyses of our pillararene derivatives indicated that positively
charged head groups are critical for the observed antibiofilm activity.
Although certain changes in the lipophilicity of the substituents
on the positively charged head groups are tolerated, dramatic elevation
in the hydrophobicity of the substituents or an increase in steric
bulk on these positive charges abolishes the antibiofilm activity.
An increase in the overall positive charge from 10 to 20 did not affect
the activity significantly, but pillararenes with 5 positive charges
and 5 long alkyl chains had reduced activity. Surprisingly, the cavity
of the pillar[n]arene is not essential for the observed activity,
although the macrocyclic structure of the pillar[n]arene core, which
facilitates the clustering of the positive charges, appears important.
Interestingly, the compounds found to be efficient inhibitors of biofilm
formation were nonhemolytic at concentrations that are ∼100-fold
of their MBIC50 (the minimal concentration of a compound
at which at least 50% inhibition of biofilm formation was observed
compared to untreated cells). The structure–activity relationship
guidelines established here pave the way for a rational design of
potent cationic pillar[n]arene-based antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kaizerman-Kane
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maya Hadar
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roymon Joseph
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dana Logviniuk
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74000, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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557
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Karmakar R. State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:366-379. [PMID: 33687766 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is a biased movement of bacteria toward the beneficial chemical gradient or away from a toxic chemical gradient. This movement is achieved by sensing a chemical gradient by chemoreceptors. In most of the chemotaxis studies, Escherichia coli has been used as a model organism. E. coli have about 4-6 flagella on their surfaces, and the motility is achieved by rotating the flagella. Each flagellum has reversible flagellar motors at its base, which rotate the flagella in counterclockwise and clockwise directions to achieve "run" and "tumble." The chemotaxis of bacteria is regulated by a network of interacting proteins. The sensory signal is processed and transmitted to the flagellar motor by cytoplasmic proteins. Bacterial chemotaxis plays an important role in many biological processes such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, bacterial pathogenesis, and host infection. Bacterial chemotaxis can be applied for bioremediation, horizontal gene transfer, drug delivery, or maybe some other industry in near future. This review contains an overview of bacterial chemotaxis, recent findings of the physiological importance of bacterial chemotaxis in other biological processes, and the application of bacterial chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Karmakar
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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558
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Ielapi N, Nicoletti E, Lorè C, Guasticchi G, Avenoso T, Barbetta A, de Franciscis S, Andreucci M, Sapienza P, Serra R. The Role of Biofilm in Central Venous Catheter Related Bloodstream Infections: Evidence-based Nursing and Review of the Literature. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 15:22-27. [PMID: 31656155 DOI: 10.2174/1574887114666191018144739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm is a fundamental component in the pathogenesis of infections related to the use of the central venous catheter (CVC,) which can represent an important health issue in everyday practice of nursing and medical staff. OBJECTIVE The objective of the following review is to analyze the components of biofilm and their role in catheter-related infection determinism in an evidencebased nursing perspective in such a way as to give health professionals useful suggestions in the prevention and management of these complications. METHODS The following databases were consulted for the bibliographic search: Medline, Scopus, Science Direct. Biofilm can be the cause of CVC extraction and can lead to serious haematogenic infectious complications that can increase the morbidity and mortality of affected patients. RESULTS Updated pathophysiologic knowledge of biofilm formation and appropriate diagnostic methodology are pivotal in understanding and detecting CVC-related infections. Lock therapy appears to be a useful, preventive, and therapeutic aid in the management of CVCrelated infections. New therapies attempting to stop bacterial adhesion on the materials used could represent new frontiers for the prevention of CVC-related infections. CONCLUSION The correct evidence-based nursing methods, based on the use of guidelines, provides the opportunity to minimize the risks of infection through the implementation of a series of preventive measures both during the CVC positioning phase and in the subsequent phase, for example, during device management which is performed by medical and nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ielapi
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Emergency, Vibo Valentia Hospital, Vibo Valentia (VV), Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgio Guasticchi
- Department of Medicine, Media Valle del Tevere Hospital, Todi (PG), Italy
| | - Tiziana Avenoso
- Department of Ophtalmology. Pugliese - Ciaccio - Hospital, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Sapienza
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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559
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Indwelling Device-Associated Biofilms in Critically Ill Cancer Patients-Study Protocol. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030306. [PMID: 33800769 PMCID: PMC8001301 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care-associated infections are a leading cause of inpatient complications. Rapid pathogen detection/identification is a major challenge in sepsis management that highly influences the successful outcome. The current standard of microorganism identification relies on bacterial growth in culture, which has several limitations. Gene sequencing research has developed culture-independent techniques for microorganism identification, with the aim to improve etiological diagnosis and, therefore, to change sepsis outcome. A prospective, observational, non-interventional, single-center study was designed that assesses biofilm-associated pathogens in a specific subpopulation of septic critically ill cancer patients. Indwelling device samples will be collected in septic patients at the moment of the removal of the arterial catheter, central venous catheter, endotracheal tube and urinary catheter. Concomitantly, clinical data regarding 4 sites (nasal, pharyngeal, rectal and skin) of pathogen colonization at the time of hospital/intensive care admission will be collected. The present study aims to offer new insights into biofilm-associated infections and to evaluate the infection caused by catheter-specific and patient-specific biofilm-associated pathogens in association with the extent of colonization. The analysis relies on the two following detection/identification techniques: standard microbiological method and next generation sequencing (NGS). Retrospectively, the study will estimate the clinical value of the NGS-based detection and its virtual potential in changing patient management and outcome, notably in the subjects with missing sepsis source or lack of response to anti-infective treatment.
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560
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Abstract
Biofilms are aggregates formed as a protective survival state by microorganisms to adapt to the environment and can be resistant to antimicrobial agents and host immune responses due to chemical or physical diffusion barriers, modified nutrient environments, suppression of the growth rate within biofilms, and the genetic adaptation of cells within biofilms. With the widespread use of medical devices, medical device-associated biofilms continue to pose a serious threat to human health, and these biofilms have become the most important source of nosocomial infections. However, traditional antimicrobial agents cannot completely eliminate medical device-associated biofilms. New strategies for the treatment of these biofilms and targeting biofilm infections are urgently required. Several novel approaches have been developed and identified as effective and promising treatments. In this review, we briefly summarize the challenges associated with the treatment of medical device-associated biofilm infections and highlight the latest promising approaches aimed at preventing or eradicating these biofilms.
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561
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Li S, Wang Y, Xue Z, Jia Y, Li R, He C, Chen H. The structure-mechanism relationship and mode of actions of antimicrobial peptides: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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562
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Tilley CP, Fu MR, Qiu JM, Comfort C, Crocilla BL, Li Z, Axelrod D. The Microbiome and Metabolome of Malignant Fungating Wounds: A Systematic Review of the Literature From 1995 to 2020. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2021; 48:124-135. [PMID: 33690246 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant fungating wounds (MFWs) afflict up to 14% of patients with advanced cancer. The bacterial community structures of MFW may influence the development and severity of wound symptoms. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate existing evidence regarding the relationship between microbiome and symptoms of MFWs. METHODS A systematic review of the published literature from January 1995 to January 2020 was conducted. An established quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched 4 major electronic databases and retrieved 724 articles; 7 met inclusion criteria. FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS Seven studies were included; the overall quality of the included 7 studies was ranked as adequate. Findings from the studies provided an incomplete characterization of the microbiome and metabolome of MFW; none included modern genomic technologies. Twenty different species of aerobes and 14 species of anaerobes were identified, with inconsistent identification of biofilms and multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Symptom occurrence increased with the number of bacteria species (P = .0003) and the presence of at least 1 anaerobe (P = .0006) in malignant wound beds. Cancer wound-derived odor was associated with dimethyl trisulfide and 4 fatty acid volatiles. Periwound and moisture-associated skin damage were associated with higher putrescine levels in exudates. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the role of microbiota of MFW in developing or amplifying the severity of wound symptoms is the first step toward development of more precise and effective topical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Tilley
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Mei R Fu
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jeanna M Qiu
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Christopher Comfort
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Brooke L Crocilla
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Zujun Li
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Deborah Axelrod
- Charles P. Tilley, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CWOCN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York; Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Mei R. Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jeanna M. Qiu, AB, Harvard Medical School, Medical Student, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christopher Comfort, MD, Calvary Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Brooke L. Crocilla, BSN, St Peter's Hospital, Albany, New York
- Zujun Li, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York
- Deborah Axelrod, MD, The Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York; Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
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563
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da Cunha Xavier J, Almeida-Neto FWDQ, da Silva PT, de Sousa AP, Marinho ES, Marinho MM, Rocha JE, Freitas PR, de Araújo ACJ, Freitas TS, Nogueira CES, de Lima-Neto P, Bandeira PN, Teixeira AMR, Coutinho HDM, dos Santos HS. Structural characterization, DFT calculations, ADMET studies, antibiotic potentiating activity, evaluation of efflux pump inhibition and molecular docking of chalcone (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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564
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Antibiofilm activity of Fmoc-phenylalanine against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:407-416. [PMID: 33637856 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm associated infections are the major contributor of mortality, morbidity and financial burden in patients with a bacterial infection. About 65% of all bacterial infections are associated with the information of bacterial biofilms. Bacterial biofilms not only reduce the efficacy of antibacterial treatment but also increases the threat of developing antibacterial resistance. Recently, our group has discovered the antibacterial activity of Fmoc-phenylalanine (Fmoc-F) and other Fmoc-amino acids (Fmoc-AA). Fmoc-F and other Fmoc-AA showed antibacterial activity due to their surfactant properties. Surfactants are known to eradicate biofilm and enhance antimicrobial activity in biofilm. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the anti-biofilm activity of Fmoc-F against clinically relevant bacteria. We found that Fmoc-F not only inhibits the biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but also eradicates the already formed biofilms over the surface. Further, Fmoc-F coated glass surface resists S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and attachment, when biofilm is grown over the surface. The mechanistic investigation suggests that Fmoc-F reduces the extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as proteins, carbohydrates and eDNA in the biofilm and affect its stability via direct interactions with ECM components and/ or indirectly through reducing bacterial cell population. Finally, we showed that Fmoc-F treatment in combination with vancomycin and ampicillin synergistically inhibit biofilm formation. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential application of Fmoc-F and other Fmoc-AA molecules individually as well as in combination as anti-biofilm coating material for treating biofilm associated infections.
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565
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Radaic A, Kapila YL. The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1335-1360. [PMID: 33777334 PMCID: PMC7960681 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oralome is the summary of the dynamic interactions orchestrated between the ecological community of oral microorganisms (comprised of up to approximately 1000 species of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protozoa - the oral microbiome) that live in the oral cavity and the host. These microorganisms form a complex ecosystem that thrive in the dynamic oral environment in a symbiotic relationship with the human host. However, the microbial composition is significantly affected by interspecies and host-microbial interactions, which in turn, can impact the health and disease status of the host. In this review, we discuss the composition of the oralome and inter-species and host-microbial interactions that take place in the oral cavity and examine how these interactions change from healthy (eubiotic) to disease (dysbiotic) states. We further discuss the dysbiotic signatures associated with periodontitis and caries and their sequalae, (e.g., tooth/bone loss and pulpitis), and the systemic diseases associated with these oral diseases, such as infective endocarditis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and head and neck/oral cancer. We then discuss current computational techniques to assess dysbiotic oral microbiome changes. Lastly, we discuss current and novel techniques for modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome that may help in disease prevention and treatment, including standard hygiene methods, prebiotics, probiotics, use of nano-sized drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) disruption, and host response modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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566
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Silva NBS, Marques LA, Röder DDB. Diagnosis of biofilm infections: current methods used, challenges and perspectives for the future. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2148-2160. [PMID: 33629487 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of biofilms continues to be a challenge, and there is no standardized protocol for such a diagnosis in clinical practice. In addition, some proposed methodologies are expensive to require significant amounts of time and a high number of trained staff, making them impracticable for clinical practice. In recent years, mass spectrophotometry/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) has been applied it in biofilm studies. However, due to several problems and limitations of the technique, MALDI-TOF is far from being the gold standard for identifying biofilm formation. The omics analysis may prove to be a promising strategy for the diagnosis of biofilms in clinical laboratories since it allows the identification of pathogens in less time than needed for conventional techniques and in a more specific manner. However, omic tools are expensive and require qualified technical expertise, and an analysis of the data obtained needs to be careful not to neglect subpopulations in the biofilm. More studies must therefore be developed for creating a protocol that guarantees rapid biofilm identification, ensuring greater chances of success in infection control. This review discusses the current methods of microbial biofilm detection and future perspectives for its diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B S Silva
- Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L A Marques
- Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D D B Röder
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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567
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Pfeffer C, Liang Y, Grothe H, Wolf B, Brederlow R. Towards Easy-to-Use Bacteria Sensing: Modeling and Simulation of a New Environmental Impedimetric Biosensor in Fluids. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1487. [PMID: 33670022 PMCID: PMC7926956 DOI: 10.3390/s21041487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Conventional pathogenic bacteria-detection methods are lab-bound, time-consuming and need trained personnel. Microelectrodes can be used to recognize harmful microorganisms by dielectric impedance spectroscopy. However, crucial for this spectroscopy method are the spatial dimensions and layout of the electrodes, as the corresponding distribution of the electric field defines the sensor system parameters such as sensitivity, SNR, and dynamic range. Therefore, a variety of sensor models are created and evaluated. FEM simulations in 2D and 3D are conducted for this impedimetric sensor. The authors tested differently shaped structures, verified the linear influence of the excitation amplitude and developed a mathematical concept for a quality factor that practically allows us to distinguish arbitrary sensor designs and layouts. The effect of guard electrodes blocking outer influences on the electric field are investigated, and essential configurations are explored. The results lead to optimized electronic sensors in terms of geometrical dimensions. Possible material choices for real sensors as well as design and layout recommendations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfeffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Helmut Grothe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernhard Wolf
- Steinbeistransferzentrum für Medizinische Elektronik und Lab-on-Chip Systeme, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ralf Brederlow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.B.)
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568
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Singh A, Verma A, Singh R, Sahoo AK, Samanta SK. Combination therapy of biogenic C-dots and lysozyme for enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:085104. [PMID: 33080579 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc2ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. The increased resistance against the conventional antimicrobial agents makes it difficult to treat the biofilm-related infections. The antibiotics resistance developed by planktonic cells has also become a major threat for human. Therefore, we have attempted here to develop an effective alternative strategy to overcome the issues of antibiotics resistance of bacteria. Upon synthesis, biogenic C-dots were combined with lysozymes which were further encapsulated into chitosan nanocarrier to form C-dots carrier (CDC). The as-synthesized C-dots were found irregular shaped and the average size of C-dots and CDC were 8 ± 2 nm and 450 ± 50 nm, respectively. To ensure secure and targeted delivery of C-dots and lysozyme we have employed chitosan, a biodegradable and natural biopolymer, as a delivery system. The study of time-dependent bacterial growth and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that CDC can exhibit a synergistic bactericidal activity against the antibiotics resistant recombinant E. coli cells. Further, we have shown that the CDC could be a potent agent for both prevention of biofilm formation and eradication of preformed biofilm. In addition, we have observed that our drug delivery system is hemocompatible in nature making it suitable for in vivo applications. Therefore, we believe that the combination therapy of C-dots and lysozyme may be used as an excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad-211012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arushi Verma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad-211012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruhar Singh
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad-211012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad-211012, Uttar Pradesh, India
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569
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Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042014. [PMID: 33669645 PMCID: PMC7922197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 55142 Apartado, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
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570
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Namivandi-Zangeneh R, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Synthetic Antimicrobial Polymers in Combination Therapy: Tackling Antibiotic Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:215-253. [PMID: 33433995 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a critical global healthcare issue that urgently needs new effective solutions. While small molecule antibiotics have been safeguarding us for nearly a century since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, the emergence of a new class of antimicrobials in the form of synthetic antimicrobial polymers, which was driven by the advances in controlled polymerization techniques and the desire to mimic naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides, could play a key role in fighting multidrug resistant bacteria in the near future. By harnessing the ability to control chemical and structural properties of polymers almost at will, synthetic antimicrobial polymers can be strategically utilized in combination therapy with various antimicrobial coagents in different formats to yield more potent (synergistic) outcomes. In this review, we present a short summary of the different combination therapies involving synthetic antimicrobial polymers, focusing on their combinations with nitric oxide, antibiotics, essential oils, and metal- and carbon-based inorganics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Namivandi-Zangeneh
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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571
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Topka-Bielecka G, Dydecka A, Necel A, Bloch S, Nejman-Faleńczyk B, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Bacteriophage-Derived Depolymerases against Bacterial Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:175. [PMID: 33578658 PMCID: PMC7916357 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to specific antibiotic resistance, the formation of bacterial biofilm causes another level of complications in attempts to eradicate pathogenic or harmful bacteria, including difficult penetration of drugs through biofilm structures to bacterial cells, impairment of immunological response of the host, and accumulation of various bioactive compounds (enzymes and others) affecting host physiology and changing local pH values, which further influence various biological functions. In this review article, we provide an overview on the formation of bacterial biofilm and its properties, and then we focus on the possible use of phage-derived depolymerases to combat bacterial cells included in this complex structure. On the basis of the literature review, we conclude that, although these bacteriophage-encoded enzymes may be effective in destroying specific compounds involved in the formation of biofilm, they are rarely sufficient to eradicate all bacterial cells. Nevertheless, a combined therapy, employing depolymerases together with antibiotics and/or other antibacterial agents or factors, may provide an effective approach to treat infections caused by bacteria able to form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracja Topka-Bielecka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.T.-B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (B.N.-F.); (G.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Dydecka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.T.-B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (B.N.-F.); (G.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Necel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.T.-B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (B.N.-F.); (G.W.)
| | - Sylwia Bloch
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Bożena Nejman-Faleńczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.T.-B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (B.N.-F.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.T.-B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (B.N.-F.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland;
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572
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Grynyuk II, Vasyliuk OM, Prylutska SV, Strutynska NY, Livitska OV, Slobodyanik MS. Influence of nanoscale-modified apatite-type calcium phosphates on the biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (25–50 nm) of chemically modified calcium phosphates Ca10−x−y
M
ii
x
Na
y
(PO4)6−z
(CO3)
z
(OH)2 (M
ii
– Cu2+, Zn2+) were synthesized via a wet precipitation method at room temperature. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data confirmed the partial substitution of
PO
4
3
−
{\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}
→
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
(B-type) in apatite-type structure. The influence of prepared phosphates on biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms was investigated. It was found that the samples Na+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Na+, Zn2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP (5–20 mM) had the highest inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus strains. The sample Na+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP had the slight influence on the formation of the biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while for the samples Na+, Cu2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP and Na+, Zn2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP such an effect was not detected. According to transmission electron microscopy data, a correlation between the activity of synthesized apatite-related modified calcium phosphates in the processes of biofilm formation and their ability to adhere to the surface of bacterial cells was established. The prepared samples can be used for the design of effective materials with antibacterial activity for medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I. Grynyuk
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Olga M. Vasyliuk
- Department of Physiology of Industrial Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine , 154, Zabolotnogo str, 03143 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V. Prylutska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Yu. Strutynska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Oksana V. Livitska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Mykola S. Slobodyanik
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
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573
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Kostić M, Ivanov M, Babić SS, Petrović J, Soković M, Ćirić A. An Up-to-Date Review on Bio-Resource Therapeutics Effective against Bacterial Species Frequently Associated with Chronic Sinusitis and Tonsillitis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6892-6909. [PMID: 32368971 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505093143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract infections include inflammations of the nose, sinuses (sinusitis), pharynx (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) and larynx (laryngitis) with bacteria or viruses as the main cause of these conditions. Due to their repetitive nature, chronic respiratory infections represent a global problem which is often a result of improper treatment. If not treated adequately, these conditions may have serious consequences. On the other hand, mis - and overuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficiency and accelerated the development of resistant bacterial strains, which further complicates the treatment of infections. This literature review will focus on current knowledge regarding medicinal plants and mushrooms which have been traditionally used in the treatment of infections caused by chronic sinusitis and tonsillitis commonly linked to bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The present literature overview might be considered as a starting point for the development of novel, natural antimicrobial products with potential practical use in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis and sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kostić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jovana Petrović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ćirić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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574
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Schulze A, Mitterer F, Pombo JP, Schild S. Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2021; 8:28-56. [PMID: 33553418 PMCID: PMC7841849 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.02.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as a passive virulence factor facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial biofilms formed by human pathogens and highlight their relevance for diverse diseases. Along biofilm composition and regulation emphasis is laid on the intensively studied biofilms of Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., which are commonly used as biofilm model organisms and therefore contribute to our general understanding of bacterial biofilm (patho-)physiology. Finally, therapeutical intervention strategies targeting biofilms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Schulze
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- A.S. and F.M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Fabian Mitterer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- A.S. and F.M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Joao P. Pombo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth – University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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575
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Overcoming bacterial resistance to antibiotics: the urgent need – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics is considered one of the most crucial breakthroughs in medicine and veterinary science in the 20th century. From the very beginning, this type of drug was used as a ‘miraculous cure’ for every type of infection. In addition to their therapeutic uses, antibiotics were also used for disease prevention and growth promotion in livestock. Though this application was banned in the European Union in 2006, antibiotics are still used in this way in countries all over the world. The unlimited and unregulated use of antibiotics has increased the speed of antibiotic resistance’s spread in different types of organisms. This phenomenon requires searching for new strategies to deal with hard-to-treat infections. The antimicrobial activity of some plant derivatives and animal products has been known since ancient times. At the beginning of this century, even more substances, such as antimicrobial peptides, were considered very promising candidates for becoming new alternatives to commonly used antimicrobials. However, many preclinical and clinical trials ended without positive results. A variety of strategies to fight microbes exist, but we are a long way from approving them as therapies. This review begins with the discovery of antibiotics, covers the modes of action of select antimicrobials, and ends with a literature review of the newest potential alternative approaches to overcoming the drug resistance phenomenon.
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576
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Luo Y, Yang Q, Zhang D, Yan W. Mechanisms and Control Strategies of Antibiotic Resistance in Pathological Biofilms. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1-7. [PMID: 33323672 PMCID: PMC9706009 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a community of bacteria that are embedded and structured in a self-secreted extracellular matrix. An important clinical-related characteristic of bacterial biofilms is that they are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the planktonic cells (up to 1,000 times), which is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance in clinics. Therefore, infections caused by biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate, such as lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of biofilms will provide direct insights into how we overcome such resistance. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of biofilms and chronic infections associated with bacterial biofilms. We examine the current understanding and research progress on the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in biofilms, including quorum sensing. We also discuss the potential strategies that may overcome biofilm-related antibiotic resistance, focusing on targeting biofilm EPSs, blocking quorum sensing signaling, and using recombinant phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Hangzhou 30022, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Hangzhou 30022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Hangzhou 30022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone/Fax: +86-571-5600-7510 E-mail:
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577
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The role of biofilm in the development and dissemination of ubiquitous pathogens in drinking water distribution systems: an overview of surveillance, outbreaks, and prevention. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:36. [PMID: 33507414 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic microorganisms can survive in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) by forming stable biofilms and, thus, continually disseminating their population through the system's dynamic water bodies. The ingestion of the pathogen-contaminated water could trigger a broad spectrum of illnesses and well-being-related obstacles. These waterborne diseases are a significant concern for babies, pregnant women, and significantly low-immune individuals. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the microbiological aspects of drinking water quality, biofilm formation and its dynamics, health issues caused by the emerging microbes in biofilm, and approaches for biofilm investigation its prevention and suppression in DWDS.
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578
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Mai-Prochnow A, Zhou R, Zhang T, Ostrikov K(K, Mugunthan S, Rice SA, Cullen PJ. Interactions of plasma-activated water with biofilms: inactivation, dispersal effects and mechanisms of action. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33504802 PMCID: PMC7841176 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms have several characteristics that ensure their survival in a range of adverse environmental conditions, including high cell numbers, close cell proximity to allow easy genetic exchange (e.g., for resistance genes), cell communication and protection through the production of an exopolysaccharide matrix. Together, these characteristics make it difficult to kill undesirable biofilms, despite the many studies aimed at improving the removal of biofilms. An elimination method that is safe, easy to deliver in physically complex environments and not prone to microbial resistance is highly desired. Cold atmospheric plasma, a lightning-like state generated from air or other gases with a high voltage can be used to make plasma-activated water (PAW) that contains many active species and radicals that have antimicrobial activity. Recent studies have shown the potential for PAW to be used for biofilm elimination without causing the bacteria to develop significant resistance. However, the precise mode of action is still the subject of debate. This review discusses the formation of PAW generated species and their impacts on biofilms. A focus is placed on the diffusion of reactive species into biofilms, the formation of gradients and the resulting interaction with the biofilm matrix and specific biofilm components. Such an understanding will provide significant benefits for tackling the ubiquitous problem of biofilm contamination in food, water and medical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mai-Prochnow
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Renwu Zhou
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Sudarsan Mugunthan
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611The ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Patrick J. Cullen
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006 Australia
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579
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Wu BC, Haney EF, Akhoundsadegh N, Pletzer D, Trimble MJ, Adriaans AE, Nibbering PH, Hancock REW. Human organoid biofilm model for assessing antibiofilm activity of novel agents. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33495449 PMCID: PMC7835231 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms cause 65% of all human infections and are highly resistant to antibiotic therapy but lack specific treatments. To provide a human organoid model for studying host-microbe interplay and enabling screening for novel antibiofilm agents, a human epidermis organoid model with robust methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm was developed. Treatment of 1-day and 3-day MRSA and PAO1 biofilms with antibiofilm peptide DJK-5 significantly and substantially reduced the bacterial burden. This model enabled the screening of synthetic host defense peptides, revealing their superior antibiofilm activity against MRSA compared to the antibiotic mupirocin. The model was extended to evaluate thermally wounded skin infected with MRSA biofilms resulting in increased bacterial load, cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that were all reduced upon treatment with DJK-5. Combination treatment of DJK-5 with an anti-inflammatory peptide, 1002, further reduced cytotoxicity and skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Catherine Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noushin Akhoundsadegh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Trimble
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alwin E Adriaans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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580
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Liao Q, Yuan Y, Li Q, Wu S, Liu Y, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Kang M. Comparing three different phenotypic methods for accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:794-799. [PMID: 33468425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is highly essential to prevent their dissemination within health care settings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare 3 reported phenotypic assays for detecting carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). METHODS 151 Enterobacterales isolates were collected, the sensitivity and specificity of each test was determined, with molecular genotype serving as the gold standard. The phenotypic evaluations were performed using EDTA-synergistic carbapenem inactivation method (esCIM), EDTA-carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM), and enzyme inhibitor enhancement experiment (EIE). RESULTS The concordance rate was 98% for the EIE for the detection of KPC producer, and 100% for the esCIM and eCIM. Sensitivity differed among the 3 methods, and all assays had excellent sensitivity exceeding 90% for detecting metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The specificity of the eCIM, esCIM and EIE was 100%, 100% and 95%. Both eCIM and esCIM were unsatisfactory in detecting multi-enzyme strains (MBL and class A serine carbapenemase) (0/6). However, EIE increased the positive number to six (6/6). CONCLUSIONS The eCIM, esCIM and EIE can be used to accurately detect and distinguish carbapenemase and is suitable for routine use in most clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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581
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Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by the Synergistic Action of EGCG-S and Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020102. [PMID: 33494273 PMCID: PMC7909832 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm, a stress-induced physiological state, is an established means of antimicrobial tolerance. A perpetual increase in multidrug resistant (MDR) infections associated with high mortality and morbidity have been observed in healthcare settings. Multiple studies have indicated that the use of natural products can prevent bacterial growth. Recent studies in the field have identified that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, could disrupt bacterial biofilms. A modified lipid-soluble EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), has enhanced the beneficial properties of green tea. This study focuses on utilizing EGCG-S as a novel synergistic agent with antibiotics to prevent or control biofilm. Different formulations of EGCG-S and selected antibiotics were used to study their combinatorial effects on biofilms produced by five potential pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The crystal violet (CV) assay and the sensitive fluorescence-based resazurin biofilm viability assay were used to assess the biofilm production. Our results identified optimal formulation for each bacterium, effectively inhibiting biofilm formation to an extent of 95-99%. Colony-forming unit (CFU) and cell viability analyses showed a decrease of viable bacteria. These results depict the potential of EGCG-S as a synergistic agent with antibiotics and as an anti-biofilm agent.
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582
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Alves-Barroco C, Paquete-Ferreira J, Santos-Silva T, Fernandes AR. Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms - From Formation to Health Implication. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:584947. [PMID: 33424785 PMCID: PMC7785724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are generally defined as communities of cells involved in a self-produced extracellular matrix adhered to a surface. In biofilms, the bacteria are less sensitive to host defense mechanisms and antimicrobial agents, due to multiple strategies, that involve modulation of gene expression, controlled metabolic rate, intercellular communication, composition, and 3D architecture of the extracellular matrix. These factors play a key role in streptococci pathogenesis, contributing to therapy failure and promoting persistent infections. The species of the pyogenic group together with Streptococcus pneumoniae are the major pathogens belonging the genus Streptococcus, and its biofilm growth has been investigated, but insights in the genetic origin of biofilm formation are limited. This review summarizes pyogenic streptococci biofilms with details on constitution, formation, and virulence factors associated with formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paquete-Ferreira
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
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583
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Krätzig T, Mende KC, Mohme M, von Kroge S, Stangenberg M, Dreimann M, Westphal M, Weisselberg S, Eicker SO. Bacterial adhesion characteristics on implant materials for intervertebral cages: titanium or PEEK for spinal infections? EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 30:1774-1782. [PMID: 33423133 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical intervention with intercorporal stabilisation in spinal infections is increasingly needed. Our aim was to compare titanium and polyetheretherketon (PEEK) cages according to their adhesion characteristics of different bacteria species in vitro. METHODS Plates made from PEEK, polished titanium (Ti), two-surface-titanium (TiMe) (n = 2-3) and original PEEK and porous trabecular structured titanium (TiLi) interbody cages (n = 4) were inoculated in different bacterial solutions, S.aureus (MSSA, MRSA), S.epidermidis and E.coli. Growth characteristics were analysed. Biofilms and bacteria were visualised using confocal- and electron microscopy. RESULTS Quantitative adherence of MSSA, MRSA, S.epidermidis and E.coli to Ti, TiMe and PEEK plates were different, with polished titanium being mainly advantageous over PEEK and TiMe with significantly less counts of colony forming units (CFU) for MRSA after 56 h compared to TiMe and at 72 h compared to PEEK (p = 0.04 and p = 0.005). For MSSA, more adherent bacteria were detected on PEEK than on TiMe at 32 h (p = 0.02). For PEEK and TiLi cages, significant differences were found after 8 and 72 h for S.epidermidis (p = 0.02 and p = 0.008) and after 72 h for MSSA (p = 0.002) with higher bacterial counts on PEEK, whereas E.coli showed more CFU on TiLi than PEEK (p = 0.05). Electron microscopy demonstrated enhanced adhesion in transition areas. CONCLUSION For S.epidermidis, MSSA and MRSA PEEK cages showed a higher adherence in terms of CFU count, whereas for E.coli PEEK seemed to be advantageous. Electron microscopic visualisation shows that bacteria did not adhere at the titanium mesh structure, but at the border zones of polished material to rougher parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Krätzig
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Christian Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stangenberg
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Dreimann
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samira Weisselberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Oliver Eicker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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584
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Aguilera-Correa JJ, Esteban J, Vallet-Regí M. Inorganic and Polymeric Nanoparticles for Human Viral and Bacterial Infections Prevention and Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E137. [PMID: 33435597 PMCID: PMC7826792 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases hold third place in the top 10 causes of death worldwide and were responsible for more than 6.7 million deaths in 2016. Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field which is based on the application of nanotechnology for medical purposes and can be defined as the use of nanomaterials for diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of diseases, including infectious diseases. One of the most used nanomaterials in nanomedicine are nanoparticles, particles with a nano-scale size that show highly tunable physical and optical properties, and the capacity to a wide library of compounds. This manuscript is intended to be a comprehensive review of the available recent literature on nanoparticles used for the prevention and treatment of human infectious diseases caused by different viruses, and bacteria from a clinical point of view by basing on original articles which talk about what has been made to date and excluding commercial products, but also by highlighting what has not been still made and some clinical concepts that must be considered for futures nanoparticles-based technologies applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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585
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Yan P, Daliri EBM, Oh DH. New Clinical Applications of Electrolyzed Water: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:136. [PMID: 33435548 PMCID: PMC7827692 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the situation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still deteriorating, there has been a huge increase in the demand and use of disinfectants. Electrolyzed water (EW), as a novel broad-spectrum disinfectant and cleaner, has been widely used for several years. EW can be produced in an electrolysis chamber which contains dilute salt and tap water. It is an effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent, with several advantages such as on-the-spot, cheap, environmentally friendly and safe for human beings. Therefore, EW holds potential significance for high-risk settings in hospitals and other clinical facilities. EW can also be applied for wound healing, advanced tissue care, and dental clinics. The present review article highlights the latest developments and new perspectives of EW, especially in clinical fields. Furthermore, the main action modes of antibiofilm and antimicrobial will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (P.Y.); (E.B.-M.D.)
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586
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Behzadi P, Baráth Z, Gajdács M. It's Not Easy Being Green: A Narrative Review on the Microbiology, Virulence and Therapeutic Prospects of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33406652 PMCID: PMC7823828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of infection among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients, but its pathogenic role should not be disregarded in immunocompetent patients. These pathogens present a concerning therapeutic challenge to clinicians, both in community and in hospital settings, due to their increasing prevalence of resistance, and this may lead to prolonged therapy, sequelae, and excess mortality in the affected patient population. The resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may be classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to occurrence of resistant strains against important antibiotics-relevant in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections-such as β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin. The occurrence of a specific resistotype of P. aeruginosa, namely the emergence of carbapenem-resistant but cephalosporin-susceptible (Car-R/Ceph-S) strains, has received substantial attention from clinical microbiologists and infection control specialists; nevertheless, the available literature on this topic is still scarce. The aim of this present review paper is to provide a concise summary on the adaptability, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa to a readership of basic scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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587
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Takahashi H, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Amphiphilic polymer therapeutics: an alternative platform in the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2758-2767. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic antimicrobial polymers show promising potential as polymer therapeutics to fight drug resistant bacteria and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences
- School of Dentistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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588
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Bhatia S, Lal A, Singh S, Franco F. Potential of polyphenols in curbing quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Gram-negative pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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589
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Uchil A, Murali TS, Nayak R. Escaping ESKAPE: A chalcone perspective. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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590
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Oak U, Hasani S, Khare T. Antibiofilm activity of selenium nanorods against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_35_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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591
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Martins FG, Melo A, Sousa SF. Databases for the study of biofilms: current status and potential applications. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:96-108. [PMID: 33508968 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1876849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms play an important role in health, being associated with >80% of all microbial infections in the body and in the development of antibiotic resistance. Research in this field has continuously produced large volumes of data. Being able to handle all this information will be paramount for progress in this field. However, this places a heavy burden on the development of strategies to gather, organize and make this information available in a way that can be readily and effectively used by those requiring it. Lately, efforts towards this goal have been reported, particularly with the development of Quorumpeps, BiofOmics, BaAMPs, QSPpred, dPABBs, aBiofilm and the Biofilms Structural Database. This work reviews these databases and highlights their applicability and potential, while stressing some of the challenges for the coming years in database development and usage brought about by the use of big data and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G Martins
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Melo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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592
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Keskin D, Tromp L, Mergel O, Zu G, Warszawik E, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P. Highly Efficient Antimicrobial and Antifouling Surface Coatings with Triclosan-Loaded Nanogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57721-57731. [PMID: 33320528 PMCID: PMC7775744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanogel coatings provide a promising antimicrobial strategy against biomedical implant-associated infections. Nanogels can create a hydrated surface layer to promote antifouling properties effectively. Further modification of nanogels with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) potentiates antimicrobial activity owing to their positive charges along with the presence of a membrane-intercalating alkyl chain. This study effectively demonstrates that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-[3(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide) (P(NIPAM-co-DMAPMA)-based nanogel coatings possess antifouling behavior against S. aureus ATCC 12600, a Gram-positive bacterium. Through the tertiary amine in the DMAPMA comonomer, nanogels are quaternized with a 1-bromo-dodecane chain via an N-alkylation reaction. The alkylation introduces the antibacterial activity due to the bacterial membrane binding and the intercalating ability of the aliphatic QAC. Subsequently, the quaternized nanogels enable the formation of intraparticle hydrophobic domains because of intraparticle hydrophobic interactions of the aliphatic chains allowing for Triclosan incorporation. The coating with Triclosan-loaded nanogels shows a killing efficacy of up to 99.99% of adhering bacteria on the surface compared to nonquaternized nanogel coatings while still possessing an antifouling activity. This powerful multifunctional coating for combating biomaterial-associated infection is envisioned to greatly impact the design approaches for future clinically applied coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Keskin
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Tromp
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Mergel
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guangyue Zu
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eliza Warszawik
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C. van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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593
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Zubair M. Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Citrus sinensis and Moringa oleifera Against the Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Cureus 2020; 12:e12337. [PMID: 33520533 PMCID: PMC7839279 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The plant Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae), generally termed as drumstick tree, and Citrus sinensis Linn (Rutaceae) fruit have the ability to treat multiple human infections. A biofilm is none other than a complicated microbial community whose nature is greatly resistant to antimicrobial elements. The development of biofilms in abiotic and biotic surfaces has a connection with higher levels of mortality and morbidity. Along with that, it is regarded as a vital element of bacterial pathogenicity. Aim The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect and anti-biofilm activity of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) extracts against those of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) . Materials and methods Two plant materials were collected from the local market of Tabuk city and two human pathogenic microbial strains were used in the study: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Further, a series of morphological, physiological, and conventional biochemical tests were performed to identify the selected microorganisms. In addition to this, the study conducted the following tests: antibiotic sensitivity test, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) production, biofilm formation in 96-well microtiter plates, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, the effect of sub-MICs of C. sinensis extract and M. oleifera extract on the viability of test bacteria, and finally, measurement of the inhibition of biofilm. Results A remarkable result of the research is that the peel extract of C. sinensisand the flesh extract of M. oleifera efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by the addition of sub-inhibitory concentrations of (1/16 x MIC - 1/2 x MIC) MRSA and ESBL, respectively. P. aeruginosa shows high resistance to piperacillin (85.0%). Similarly, the resistance of MRSA was also high (65%) against gentamycin and amikacin antibiotics. Regarding ESBL, 12 (60%) isolates showed confirmed positive and 45% of S. aureus showed MRSA activity. On observing the 12 ESβL-positive P. aeruginosa, it was found that five strains (PS1, PS4, PS6, PS8, and PS11) have formed strong biofilm, methicillin-resistant S. aureus while four strains showed strong biofilm activity (SA2, SA4, SA5, and SA8). The MIC of C. sinensis extract and M. oleifera extract against strong biofilm producers had a range of 50-2000 µg/ml concentration after overnight incubation. The study results revealed that the antibiofilm activity comparatively showed the extract of M. oleifera was better than C. sinensisagainst the mixed culture (PS1+SA8, PS6+SA2, and PS8+SA4). Hence, it is recommended to use M. oleifera as an option to monitor the development of microbial biofilms or as a model for looking for better medicines. Conclusion The presence of antimicrobial activity found in M. oleifera and C. sinensis extracts offers convincing evidence of their likely action as antimicrobial metabolites against the studied microorganism. Anti-biofilm assay findings have shown that M. oleifera and C. sinensis extracts have effectively blocked MRSA and ESBL development in the biofilm matrix.
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594
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Kandi V, Vadakedath S. Implant-Associated Infections: A Review of the Safety of Cardiac Implants. Cureus 2020; 12:e12267. [PMID: 33520485 PMCID: PMC7834584 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac implantations are among the most critical, and life-saving patient management procedures. Most cardiac implantations are performed to correct abnormalities in the conduction and the rhythm of the heart. Because the implants are intended for long-term use ranging from months to years, the failure of an implant is considered a major setback both in the patients as well as surgeons' perspectives. Implant failures can have multifactorial reasons, amongst which infectious causes need to be adequately addressed. This review attempts to evaluate the nature of implants, etiology, predisposing factors, infection control, and preventive strategies for cardiac implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
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595
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Carvalho FM, Teixeira-Santos R, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. The Use of Probiotics to Fight Biofilms in Medical Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010027. [PMID: 33374844 PMCID: PMC7824608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) are a critical problem due to the increasing usage of medical devices in the aging population. The inhibition of biofilm formation through the use of probiotics has received attention from the medical field in the last years. However, this sparse knowledge has not been properly reviewed, so that successful strategies for biofilm management can be developed. This study aims to summarize the relevant literature about the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on biofilm formation in medical devices using a PRISMA-oriented (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) systematic search and meta-analysis. This approach revealed that the use of probiotics and their products is a promising strategy to hinder biofilm growth by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. The meta-analysis showed a pooled effect estimate for the proportion of biofilm reduction of 70% for biosurfactants, 76% for cell-free supernatants (CFS), 77% for probiotic cells and 88% for exopolysaccharides (EPS). This review also highlights the need to properly analyze and report data, as well as the importance of standardizing the in vitro culture conditions to facilitate the comparison between studies. This is essential to increase the predictive value of the studies and translate their findings into clinical applications.
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596
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Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010003. [PMID: 33374551 PMCID: PMC7822488 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to their capacity to withstand antimicrobials is the formation of biofilms. Biofilms are associations of microorganisms embedded a self-produced extracellular matrix. They create particular environments that confer bacterial tolerance and resistance to antibiotics by different mechanisms that depend upon factors such as biofilm composition, architecture, the stage of biofilm development, and growth conditions. The biofilm structure hinders the penetration of antibiotics and may prevent the accumulation of bactericidal concentrations throughout the entire biofilm. In addition, gradients of dispersion of nutrients and oxygen within the biofilm generate different metabolic states of individual cells and favor the development of antibiotic tolerance and bacterial persistence. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance may develop within biofilms through a variety of mechanisms. The expression of efflux pumps may be induced in various parts of the biofilm and the mutation frequency is induced, while the presence of extracellular DNA and the close contact between cells favor horizontal gene transfer. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which biofilms cause tolerance/resistance to antibiotics helps to develop novel strategies to fight these infections.
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597
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Wongkaewkhiaw S, Taweechaisupapong S, Thanaviratananich S, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Anutrakunchai C, Chareonsudjai S, Kanthawong S. D-LL-31 enhances biofilm-eradicating effect of currently used antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis and its immunomodulatory activity on human lung epithelial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243315. [PMID: 33326455 PMCID: PMC7743948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic disease that involves long-term inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Bacterial biofilms present on the sinus mucosa of certain patients reportedly exhibit resistance against traditional antibiotics, as evidenced by relapse, resulting in severe disease. The aim of this study was to determine the killing activity of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (LL-37, LL-31) and their D-enantiomers (D-LL-37, D-LL-31), alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics (amoxicillin; AMX and tobramycin; TOB), against bacteria grown as biofilm, and to investigate the biological activities of the peptides on human lung epithelial cells. D-LL-31 was the most effective peptide against bacteria under biofilm-stimulating conditions based on IC50 values. The synergistic effect of D-LL-31 with AMX and TOB decreased the IC50 values of antibiotics by 16-fold and could eliminate the biofilm matrix in all tested bacterial strains. D-LL-31 did not cause cytotoxic effects in A549 cells at 25 μM after 24 h of incubation. Moreover, a cytokine array indicated that there was no significant induction of the cytokines involving in immunopathogenesis of CRS in the presence of D-LL-31. However, a tissue-remodeling-associated protein was observed that may prevent the progression of nasal polyposis in CRS patients. Therefore, a combination of D-LL-31 with AMX or TOB may improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics to kill biofilm-embedded bacteria and eliminate the biofilm matrix. This combination might be clinically applicable for treatment of patients with biofilm-associated CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharut Wongkaewkhiaw
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jan G. M. Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Biofilm Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Biofilm Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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598
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Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Approaches for Preventing and Treating Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections pose a huge burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with recurrent lung infections occurring due to the persistence of biofilm bacteria populations. In cystic fibrosis (CF), thick viscous mucus acts not only as a physical barrier, but also serves as a nidus for infection. Increased antibiotic resistance in the recent years indicates that current therapeutic strategies aimed at biofilm-associated infections are “failing”, emphasizing the need to develop new and improved drug delivery systems with higher efficacy and efficiency. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique and favourable properties encompassing biocompatibility, biodegradability, magnetic and heat-mediated characteristics, making them suitable drug carriers. Additionally, an external magnetic force can be applied to enhance drug delivery to target sites, acting as “nano-knives”, cutting through the bacterial biofilm layer and characteristically thick mucus in CF. In this review, we explore the multidisciplinary approach of using current and novel MNPs as vehicles of drug delivery. Although many of these offer exciting prospects for future biofilm therapeutics, there are also major challenges of this emerging field that need to be addressed.
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599
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Singh M, Chauhan D, Das AK, Iqbal Z, Solanki PR. PVA
/
PMMA
polymer blended composite electrospun nanofibers mat and their potential use as an anti‐biofilm product. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Singh
- Special Centre for Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Deepika Chauhan
- Special Centre for Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Ayan K. Das
- Department of Microbiology Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Pratima R. Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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600
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Kaneko H, Nakaminami H, Ozawa K, Wajima T, Noguchi N. In vitro anti-biofilm effect of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) agents against the USA300 clone. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:63-71. [PMID: 33307275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection with a typical community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), the USA300 clone, has become a worldwide epidemic. Biofilm formation at the site of infection is one of the reasons for the development of intractable infectious diseases resulting from this clone. Here we evaluated the in vitro antibiofilm effects of anti-MRSA agents to identify the most effective agent against the USA300 clone embedded in biofilms. METHODS Vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, daptomycin, arbekacin and tigecycline were used as anti-MRSA agents. The biofilm permeability of the anti-MRSA agents was assessed using a biofilm-coated Transwell®. Morphological and compositional effects of anti-MRSA agents against biofilms were analysed based on the distribution of fluorescence intensity using confocal laser microscopy. Bactericidal activities of the anti-MRSA agents against biofilm-embedded S. aureus were compared. RESULTS The permeability rates of linezolid (93.1%), daptomycin (91.3%), arbekacin (87.1%) and tigecycline (99.7%) for biofilms formed by the USA300 clone were found to be significantly higher than those of vancomycin (64.9%) and teicoplanin (62.3%) (P < 0.01). Confocal microscopic analysis showed that daptomycin greatly altered the biofilm morphology (decreased thickness and increased roughness) and markedly reduced the area occupied by the biofilm. Furthermore, daptomycin effectively reduced the extracellular DNA of biofilms and showed the highest bactericidal activity against biofilm-embedded USA300 clone among the anti-MRSA agents. CONCLUSION The findings from this study demonstrate that, of the tested anti-MRSA agents, daptomycin is the most effective against biofilm-embedded USA300 clone in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Ozawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeaki Wajima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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