551
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Lin GH, Chang CY, Lin HR. Systematic profiling of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in bacteria using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:53-8. [PMID: 25746752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is produced from tryptophan through five synthesis pathways. A comprehensive method for the quantification of IAA and biosynthesis-related intermediates in a culture medium was developed. Sample preparation was simple with protein precipitation. The analytes were separated on a superficially porous C18 silica column and detected by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The limit of detection was 0.05 μM, and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 2 μM. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were less than 13.96%. Ion suppression was observed, and the deuterated internal standards were used to compensate for the matrix effect. The method was applied to analyze changes in tryptophan catabolism in a culture medium of Pseudomonas putida. The proposed method is robust and suitable for the systematic profiling of IAA biosynthesis in culture supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Huey Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ru Lin
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, 701 Section 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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552
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Etesami H, Alikhani HA, Hosseini HM. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production trait, a useful screening to select endophytic and rhizosphere competent bacteria for rice growth promoting agents. MethodsX 2015; 2:72-8. [PMID: 26150974 PMCID: PMC4487705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants select plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are competitively fit to occupy compatible niches without causing pathological stress on them. However, when screening bacteria for plant growth promoting (PGP) agents, it is better to select bacteria for achieving the most promising isolates having suitable colonization and PGP traits. In most researches, it has been seen that following incubation, bacterial flora are taken at random from petri dishes for further study. However, this type of selection may remove some superior bacteria in terms of PGP traits and high colonization ability. Therefore, it is essential to study all the isolated bacteria in an economic way and select the best bacteria in terms of PGP traits and high colonization rate. A simple screening method to detect endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria, isolated from the plants in rotation with rice, for rice PGP agents based on a root colonization bioassay and a PGP trait is characterized. •Selected bacterial isolates based on their IAA producing trait have the potential for more PGP and colonization of rice plant.•IAA may be the first PGP trait for screening bacteria isolated from plant rotated with rice for rice PGP agents.•The screening procedure appears to be very effective and less time consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Alikhani
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Iran
| | - Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Iran
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553
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Huang XF, Zhou D, Guo J, Manter D, Reardon K, Vivanco J. Bacillus
spp. from rainforest soil promote plant growth under limited nitrogen conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:672-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.-F. Huang
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. Zhou
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology; College of Plant Protection; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - D.K. Manter
- USDA-ARS Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - K.F. Reardon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - J.M. Vivanco
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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554
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Gopalakrishnan S, Srinivas V, Alekhya G, Prakash B, Kudapa H, Rathore A, Varshney RK. The extent of grain yield and plant growth enhancement by plant growth-promoting broad-spectrum Streptomyces sp. in chickpea. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:31. [PMID: 25646153 PMCID: PMC4310830 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and molecular responses of five strains of Streptomyces sp. (CAI-17, CAI-68, CAI-78, KAI-26 and KAI-27), with their proven potential for charcoal rot disease control in sorghum and plant growth-promotion (PGP) in sorghum and rice, were studied to understand the mechanisms causing the beneficial effects. In this investigation, those five strains were evaluated for their PGP capabilities in chickpea in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 post-rainy seasons. All of the Streptomyces sp. strains exhibited enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. At crop maturity, the Streptomyces strains had enhanced stover yield, grain yield, total dry matter and seed number plant−1 in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. In the rhizosphere, the Streptomyces sp. also significantly enhanced microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic carbon in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. Of the five strains of Streptomyces sp., CAI-17, CAI-68 and CAI-78 were superior to KAI-26 and KAI-27 in terms of their effects on root and shoot development, nodule formation and crop productivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs had revealed the success in colonization of the chickpea roots by all five strains. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected PGP genes of actinomycetes revealed the selective up-regulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-related and siderophore-related genes by CAI-68 and of β-1,3-glucanase genes by KAI-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
| | - Vadlamudi Srinivas
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
| | - Gottumukkala Alekhya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
| | - Bandikinda Prakash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana India
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555
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Etesami H, Alikhani HA, Mirseyed Hosseini H. Indole-3-Acetic Acid and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase: Bacterial Traits Required in Rhizosphere, Rhizoplane and/or Endophytic Competence by Beneficial Bacteria. BACTERIAL METABOLITES IN SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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556
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Fu SF, Wei JY, Chen HW, Liu YY, Lu HY, Chou JY. Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1048052. [PMID: 26179718 PMCID: PMC4623019 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1048052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants as well as microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). IAA is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. Thus, research is underway globally to exploit the potential for developing IAA-producing fungi for promoting plant growth and protection for sustainable agriculture. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that IAA biosynthesis evolved independently in bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and plants. Present studies show that IAA regulates the physiological response and gene expression in these microorganisms. The convergent evolution of IAA production leads to the hypothesis that natural selection might have favored IAA as a widespread physiological code in these microorganisms and their interactions. We summarize recent studies of IAA biosynthetic pathways and discuss the role of IAA in fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Fu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jyuan-Yu Wei
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Wei Chen
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yu Liu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Yu Lu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Jui-Yu Chou;
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557
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Role of Bacterial Phytohormones in Plant Growth Regulation and Their Development. BACTERIAL METABOLITES IN SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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558
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Cohen AC, Bottini R, Pontin M, Berli FJ, Moreno D, Boccanlandro H, Travaglia CN, Piccoli PN. Azospirillum brasilense ameliorates the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought mainly via enhancement of ABA levels. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:79-90. [PMID: 24796562 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of phytohormones is one of the main mechanisms to explain the beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Azospirillum sp. The PGPRs induce plant growth and development, and reduce stress susceptibility. However, little is known regarding the stress-related phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) produced by bacteria. We investigated the effects of Azospirillum brasilense Sp 245 strain on Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and aba2-1 mutant plants, evaluating the morphophysiological and biochemical responses when watered and in drought. We used an in vitro-grown system to study changes in the root volume and architecture after inoculation with Azospirillum in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and on the mutant aba2-1, during early growth. To examine Arabidopsis development and reproductive success as affected by the bacteria, ABA and drought, a pot experiment using Arabidopsis Col-0 plants was also carried out. Azospirillum brasilense augmented plant biomass, altered root architecture by increasing lateral roots number, stimulated photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments and retarded water loss in correlation with incremented ABA levels. As well, inoculation improved plants seed yield, plants survival, proline levels and relative leaf water content; it also decreased stomatal conductance, malondialdehyde and relative soil water content in plants submitted to drought. Arabidopsis inoculation with A. brasilense improved plants performance, especially in drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Cohen
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, M5528AHB, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
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559
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Ludwig-Müller J. Bacteria and fungi controlling plant growth by manipulating auxin: balance between development and defense. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:4-12. [PMID: 25456606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause huge losses by changing the quality and quantity of harvested crops. Many disease symptoms caused by bacteria or fungi rely on the involvement of plant hormones, while other plant hormones act as defense signals in the plant. In this review the role of auxins in these processes will be evaluated. Some growth promoting plant hormones cause disease symptoms. For example auxins stimulate cell division and cell elongation in a healthy plant, but tumor formation after bacterial infection. Thus, control of auxin levels and auxin signaling pathways significantly contribute to the defense network in plants. Auxin can also act directly as defense molecule with antimicrobial activity. Since much research has been done in the recent years on auxin as a pathogenicity factor for many diseases, several examples will be presented to highlight the complexity between normal plant growth, which is regulated by auxin, and processes determining resistance or susceptibility, triggered by the same class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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560
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Mani D, Kumar C, Patel NK. Integrated micro-biochemical approach for phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:86-95. [PMID: 25450919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The integrated potential of oilcake manure (OM), elemental sulphur (S(0)), Glomus fasciculatum and Pseudomonas putida by growing Helianthus annuus L for phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated soils was investigated under pot experiment. The integrated treatment (2.5 g kg(-1) OM, 0.8 g kg(-1) S(0) and co-inoculation with G. fasciculatum and P. putida promoted the dry biomass of the plant. The treatment was feasible for enhanced cadmium accumulation up to 6.56 and 5.25 mg kg(-1) and zinc accumulation up to 45.46 and 32.56 mg kg(-1) in root and shoot, respectively, which caused maximum remediation efficiency (0.73 percent and 0.25 percent) and bioaccumulation factor (2.39 and 0.83) for Cd and Zn, respectively showing feasible uptake (in mg kg(-1) dry biomass) of Cd (5.55) and Zn (35.51) at the contaminated site. Thus, authors conclude to integrate oilcake manure, S(0) and microbial co-inoculation for enhanced clean-up of cadmium and zinc-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Mani
- Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India.
| | - Chitranjan Kumar
- Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India; The National Academy of Sciences, India, 5 Lajpatrai Road, Allahabad-211002, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Patel
- Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India.
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561
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Abstract
An indole-biotransforming strain MA was identified asLysinibacillus xylanilyticuson the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It transforms indole completely from the broth culture in the presence of an additional carbon source (i.e., sodium succinate). Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry identified indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetic acid, and 3-methylindole as transformation products. Tryptophan-2-monooxygenase activity was detected in the crude extracts of indole-induced cells of strain MA, which confirms the formation of indole-3-acetamide from tryptophan in the degradation pathway of indole. On the basis of identified metabolites and enzyme assay, we have proposed a new transformation pathway for indole degradation. Indole was first transformed to indole-3-acetamide via tryptophan. Indole-3-acetamide was then transformed to indole-3-acetic acid that was decarboxylated to 3-methylindole. This is the first report of a 3-methylindole synthesis via the degradation pathway of indole.
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562
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Visioli G, Vamerali T, Mattarozzi M, Dramis L, Sanangelantoni AM. Combined endophytic inoculants enhance nickel phytoextraction from serpentine soil in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:638. [PMID: 26322074 PMCID: PMC4536374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the effects of specific bacterial endophytes on the phytoextraction capacity of the Ni-hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens, spontaneously growing in a serpentine soil environment. Five metal-tolerant endophytes had already been selected for their high Ni tolerance (6 mM) and plant growth promoting ability. Here we demonstrate that individual bacterial inoculation is ineffective in enhancing Ni translocation and growth of N. caerulescens in serpentine soil, except for specific strains Ncr-1 and Ncr-8, belonging to the Arthrobacter and Microbacterium genera, which showed the highest indole acetic acid production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-deaminase activity. Ncr-1 and Ncr-8 co-inoculation was even more efficient in promoting plant growth, soil Ni removal, and translocation of Ni, together with that of Fe, Co, and Cu. Bacteria of both strains densely colonized the root surfaces and intercellular spaces of leaf epidermal tissue. These two bacterial strains also turned out to stimulate root length, shoot biomass, and Ni uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in MS agar medium supplemented with Ni. It is concluded that adaptation of N. caerulescens in highly Ni-contaminated serpentine soil can be enhanced by an integrated community of bacterial endophytes rather than by single strains; of the former, Arthrobacter and Microbacterium may be useful candidates for future phytoremediation trials in multiple metal-contaminated sites, with possible extension to non-hyperaccumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of ParmaParma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Visioli, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy,
| | - Teofilo Vamerali
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Dramis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of ParmaParma, Italy
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563
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Leonova NO. Abscisic acid and ethylene production by biotechnological strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech8.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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564
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Meza B, de-Bashan LE, Bashan Y. Involvement of indole-3-acetic acid produced by Azospirillum brasilense in accumulating intracellular ammonium in Chlorella vulgaris. Res Microbiol 2014; 166:72-83. [PMID: 25554489 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular ammonium and activities of the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were measured when the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was immobilized in alginate with either of two wild type strains of Azospirillum brasilense or their corresponding indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-attenuated mutants. After 48 h of immobilization, both wild types induced higher levels of intracellular ammonium in the microalgae than their respective mutants; the more IAA produced, the higher the intracellular ammonium accumulated. Accumulation of intracellular ammonium in the cells of C. vulgaris followed application of four levels of exogenous IAA reported for A. brasilense and its IAA-attenuated mutants, which had a similar pattern for the first 24 h. This effect was transient and disappeared after 48 h of incubation. Immobilization of C. vulgaris with any bacteria strain induced higher GS activity. The bacterial strains also had GS activity, comparable to the activity detected in C. vulgaris, but weaker than when immobilized with the bacteria. When net activity was calculated, the wild type always induced higher GS activity than IAA-attenuated mutants. GDH activity in most microalgae/bacteria interactions resembled GS activity. When complementing IAA-attenuated mutants with exogenous IAA, GS activity in co-immobilized cultures matched those of the wild type A. brasilense immobilized with the microalga. Similarity occurred when the net GS activity was measured, and was higher with greater quantities of exogenous IAA. It is proposed that IAA produced by A. brasilense is involved in ammonium uptake and later assimilation by C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Meza
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Luz E de-Bashan
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico; The Bashan Foundation, 3740 NW Harrison Blvd., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 209 Life Sciences Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yoav Bashan
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico; The Bashan Foundation, 3740 NW Harrison Blvd., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 209 Life Sciences Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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565
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da Costa PB, Granada CE, Ambrosini A, Moreira F, de Souza R, dos Passos JFM, Arruda L, Passaglia LMP. A model to explain plant growth promotion traits: a multivariate analysis of 2,211 bacterial isolates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116020. [PMID: 25542031 PMCID: PMC4277451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria can greatly assist sustainable farming by improving plant health and biomass while reducing fertilizer use. The plant-microorganism-environment interaction is an open and complex system, and despite the active research in the area, patterns in root ecology are elusive. Here, we simultaneously analyzed the plant growth-promoting bacteria datasets from seven independent studies that shared a methodology for bioprospection and phenotype screening. The soil richness of the isolate's origin was classified by a Principal Component Analysis. A Categorical Principal Component Analysis was used to classify the soil richness according to isolate's indolic compound production, siderophores production and phosphate solubilization abilities, and bacterial genera composition. Multiple patterns and relationships were found and verified with nonparametric hypothesis testing. Including niche colonization in the analysis, we proposed a model to explain the expression of bacterial plant growth-promoting traits according to the soil nutritional status. Our model shows that plants favor interaction with growth hormone producers under rich nutrient conditions but favor nutrient solubilizers under poor conditions. We also performed several comparisons among the different genera, highlighting interesting ecological interactions and limitations. Our model could be used to direct plant growth-promoting bacteria bioprospection and metagenomic sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Beschoren da Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ambrosini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Moreira
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rocheli de Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Frederico M. dos Passos
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Empresa de Pesquisa e Extensão Agropecuária de Santa Catarina (EPAGRI), Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Letícia Arruda
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciane M. P. Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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566
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Arora PK, Bae H. Identification of new metabolites of bacterial transformation of indole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Anal Chem 2014; 2014:239641. [PMID: 25548566 PMCID: PMC4274814 DOI: 10.1155/2014/239641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrobacter sp. SPG transformed indole completely in the presence of an additional carbon source. High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde as biotransformation products. This is the first report of the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde from indole by any bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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567
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Sun PF, Fang WT, Shin LY, Wei JY, Fu SF, Chou JY. Indole-3-acetic acid-producing yeasts in the phyllosphere of the carnivorous plant Drosera indica L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114196. [PMID: 25464336 PMCID: PMC4252105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are widely distributed in nature and exist in association with other microorganisms as normal inhabitants of soil, vegetation, and aqueous environments. In this study, 12 yeast strains were enriched and isolated from leaf samples of the carnivorous plant Drosera indica L., which is currently threatened because of restricted habitats and use in herbal industries. According to similarities in large subunit and small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences, we identified 2 yeast species in 2 genera of the phylum Ascomycota, and 5 yeast species in 5 genera of the phylum Basidiomycota. All of the isolated yeasts produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) when cultivated in YPD broth supplemented with 0.1% L-tryptophan. Growth conditions, such as the pH and temperature of the medium, influenced yeast IAA production. Our results also suggested the existence of a tryptophan-independent IAA biosynthetic pathway. We evaluated the effects of various concentrations of exogenous IAA on yeast growth and observed that IAA produced by wild yeasts modifies auxin-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis. Our data suggest that yeasts can promote plant growth and support ongoing prospecting of yeast strains for inclusion into biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Sun
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ta Fang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Ying Shin
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jyuan-Yu Wei
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Feng Fu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail:
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568
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Bailly A, Groenhagen U, Schulz S, Geisler M, Eberl L, Weisskopf L. The inter-kingdom volatile signal indole promotes root development by interfering with auxin signalling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:758-71. [PMID: 25227998 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a mode of communication between bacteria and plants. Although some bacterial VOCs that promote plant growth have been identified, their underlying mechanism of action is unknown. Here we demonstrate that indole, which was identified using a screen for Arabidopsis growth promotion by VOCs from soil-borne bacteria, is a potent plant-growth modulator. Its prominent role in increasing the plant secondary root network is mediated by interfering with the auxin-signalling machinery. Using auxin reporter lines and classic auxin physiological and transport assays we show that the indole signal invades the plant body, reaches zones of auxin activity and acts in a polar auxin transport-dependent bimodal mechanism to trigger differential cellular auxin responses. Our results suggest that indole, beyond its importance as a bacterial signal molecule, can serve as a remote messenger to manipulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
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569
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Yue J, Hu X, Huang J. Origin of plant auxin biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:764-70. [PMID: 25129418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent finding of the tryptophan aminotransferase (TAA)/flavin monooxygenase (YUC) pathway as the principal route of auxin production in plants provides an opportunity to revisit the origin of plant auxin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses of the TAA and YUC gene families provide very little evidence for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in algae. Instead, horizontal gene transfer of YUCs from bacteria to the ancestral land plant suggests that the TAA/YUC pathway is a land plant innovation. In this Opinion article we postulate that the origin of tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis in land plants might have evolved in response to interactions with microbes, particularly bacteria, allowing plants to counteract bacterial activities and control their own auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Yue
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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570
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Aklujkar M, Risso C, Smith J, Beaulieu D, Dubay R, Giloteaux L, DiBurro K, Holmes D. Anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:2694-2709. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.083261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroglobus placidus was discovered to oxidize completely the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan when Fe(III) oxide was provided as an electron acceptor. This property had not been reported previously for a hyperthermophilic archaeon. It appeared that F. placidus follows a pathway for phenylalanine and tryptophan degradation similar to that of mesophilic nitrate-reducing bacteria, Thauera aromatica and Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1. Phenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and indole-3-acetate were formed during anaerobic degradation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively. Candidate genes for enzymes involved in the anaerobic oxidation of phenylalanine to phenylacetate (phenylalanine transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase and phenylacetaldehyde : ferredoxin oxidoreductase) were identified in the F. placidus genome. In addition, transcription of candidate genes for the anaerobic phenylacetate degradation, benzoyl-CoA degradation and glutaryl-CoA degradation pathways was significantly upregulated in microarray and quantitative real-time-PCR studies comparing phenylacetate-grown cells with acetate-grown cells. These results suggested that the general strategies for anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids are highly conserved amongst bacteria and archaea living in both mesophilic and hyperthermophilic environments. They also provided insights into the diverse metabolism of Archaeoglobaceae species living in hyperthermophilic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktak Aklujkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Carla Risso
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Derek Beaulieu
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Dubay
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ludovic Giloteaux
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kristin DiBurro
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Dawn Holmes
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
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571
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Farrar K, Bryant D, Cope-Selby N. Understanding and engineering beneficial plant-microbe interactions: plant growth promotion in energy crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:1193-206. [PMID: 25431199 PMCID: PMC4265282 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant production systems globally must be optimized to produce stable high yields from limited land under changing and variable climates. Demands for food, animal feed, and feedstocks for bioenergy and biorefining applications, are increasing with population growth, urbanization and affluence. Low-input, sustainable, alternatives to petrochemical-derived fertilizers and pesticides are required to reduce input costs and maintain or increase yields, with potential biological solutions having an important role to play. In contrast to crops that have been bred for food, many bioenergy crops are largely undomesticated, and so there is an opportunity to harness beneficial plant-microbe relationships which may have been inadvertently lost through intensive crop breeding. Plant-microbe interactions span a wide range of relationships in which one or both of the organisms may have a beneficial, neutral or negative effect on the other partner. A relatively small number of beneficial plant-microbe interactions are well understood and already exploited; however, others remain understudied and represent an untapped reservoir for optimizing plant production. There may be near-term applications for bacterial strains as microbial biopesticides and biofertilizers to increase biomass yield from energy crops grown on land unsuitable for food production. Longer term aims involve the design of synthetic genetic circuits within and between the host and microbes to optimize plant production. A highly exciting prospect is that endosymbionts comprise a unique resource of reduced complexity microbial genomes with adaptive traits of great interest for a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Farrar
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
- *Correspondence (Tel +0044 (0)1970 823097; fax 0044 (0)1970 828357; email )
| | - David Bryant
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Naomi Cope-Selby
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
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572
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Jansen R, Sood S, Mohr KI, Kunze B, Irschik H, Stadler M, Müller R. Nannozinones and sorazinones, unprecedented pyrazinones from myxobacteria. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2545-2552. [PMID: 25397992 DOI: 10.1021/np500632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nannozinones A (1) and B (2) were discovered as metabolites of the recently isolated Nannocystis pusilla strain MNa10913 belonging to the poorly studied myxobacterial family Nannocystaceae. In contrast, the structurally related sorazinones A (5) and B (6) were isolated from Sorangium cellulosum strain Soce895, which was known as the producer of the antibiotic thuggacin A. The extract also contained methyl indole-3-carboxylate (4). HRESIMS and (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N NMR spectroscopy revealed the structures of nannozinones A (1) and B (2) as unusual dihydropyrrolo- and pyrrolopyrazinone derivatives, while sorazinone A (5) was characterized as an aromatic diketopiperazine and sorazinone B (6) as a dibenzyl 2(1H)-pyrazinone derivative. While the dihydropyrrolo derivative nannozinone A (1) showed weak antibacterial and antifungal activity, nannozinone B (2) inhibited the growth of cell cultures with IC50 values between 2.44 and 16.9 μM. The nannochelin A iron complex (3), which was isolated besides 1 and 2, was even more active, with IC50 values between 0.05 and 1.95 μM. On the other hand, the indole 4 and sorazinones 5 and 6 did not show any significant cytotoxicity and only weak activity against the Gram-positive Nocardia sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jansen
- Department of Microbial Drugs, §Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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573
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Interrelationships between Bacillus sp. CHEP5 and Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144 in the induced systemic resistance against Sclerotium rolfsii and symbiosis on peanut plants. J Biosci 2014; 39:877-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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574
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Naveed M, Qureshi MA, Zahir ZA, Hussain MB, Sessitsch A, Mitter B. L-Tryptophan-dependent biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) improves plant growth and colonization of maize by Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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575
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Eastman AW, Heinrichs DE, Yuan ZC. Comparative and genetic analysis of the four sequenced Paenibacillus polymyxa genomes reveals a diverse metabolism and conservation of genes relevant to plant-growth promotion and competitiveness. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:851. [PMID: 25280501 PMCID: PMC4209062 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the genus Paenibacillus are important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that can serve as bio-reactors. Paenibacillus polymyxa promotes the growth of a variety of economically important crops. Our lab recently completed the genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa CR1. As of January 2014, four P. polymyxa genomes have been completely sequenced but no comparative genomic analyses have been reported. RESULTS Here we report the comparative and genetic analyses of four sequenced P. polymyxa genomes, which revealed a significantly conserved core genome. Complex metabolic pathways and regulatory networks were highly conserved and allow P. polymyxa to rapidly respond to dynamic environmental cues. Genes responsible for phytohormone synthesis, phosphate solubilization, iron acquisition, transcriptional regulation, σ-factors, stress responses, transporters and biomass degradation were well conserved, indicating an intimate association with plant hosts and the rhizosphere niche. In addition, genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance and non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthesis are present in both the core and accessory genome of each strain. Comparative analyses also reveal variations in the accessory genome, including large plasmids present in strains M1 and SC2. Furthermore, a considerable number of strain-specific genes and genomic islands are irregularly distributed throughout each genome. Although a variety of plant-growth promoting traits are encoded by all strains, only P. polymyxa CR1 encodes the unique nitrogen fixation cluster found in other Paenibacillus sp. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that genomic loci relevant to host interaction and ecological fitness are highly conserved within the P. polymyxa genomes analysed, despite variations in the accessory genome. This work suggets that plant-growth promotion by P. polymyxa is mediated largely through phytohormone production, increased nutrient availability and bio-control mechanisms. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the genome architecture of this species, thus facilitating future genetic engineering and applications in agriculture, industry and medicine. Furthermore, this study highlights the current gap in our understanding of complex plant biomass metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4 T3, Canada.
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576
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Caracterización de rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento en plántulas de Eucalyptus nitens. Rev Argent Microbiol 2014; 46:338-47. [DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(14)70093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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577
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Carvalho TLG, Balsemão-Pires E, Saraiva RM, Ferreira PCG, Hemerly AS. Nitrogen signalling in plant interactions with associative and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5631-42. [PMID: 25114015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Some beneficial plant-interacting bacteria can biologically fix N2 to plant-available ammonium. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important source of nitrogen (N) input in agriculture and represents a promising substitute for chemical N fertilizers. Diazotrophic bacteria have the ability to develop different types of root associations with different plant species. Among the highest rates of BNF are those measured in legumes nodulated by endosymbionts, an already very well documented model of plant-diazotrophic bacterial association. However, it has also been shown that economically important crops, especially monocots, can obtain a substantial part of their N needs from BNF by interacting with associative and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria, that either live near the root surface or endophytically colonize intercellular spaces and vascular tissues of host plants. One of the best reported outcomes of this association is the promotion of plant growth by direct and indirect mechanisms. Besides fixing N, these bacteria can also produce plant growth hormones, and some species are reported to improve nutrient uptake and increase plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, this particular type of plant-bacteria association consists of a natural beneficial system to be explored; however, the regulatory mechanisms involved are still not clear. Plant N status might act as a key signal, regulating and integrating various metabolic processes that occur during association with diazotrophic bacteria. This review will focus on the recent progress in understanding plant association with associative and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria, particularly on the knowledge of the N networks involved in BNF and in the promotion of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L G Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E Balsemão-Pires
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Saraiva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P C G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A S Hemerly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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578
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Trujillo ME, Bacigalupe R, Pujic P, Igarashi Y, Benito P, Riesco R, Médigue C, Normand P. Genome features of the endophytic actinobacterium Micromonospora lupini strain Lupac 08: on the process of adaptation to an endophytic life style? PLoS One 2014; 9:e108522. [PMID: 25268993 PMCID: PMC4182475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms live inside plants for at least part of their life cycle. According to their life strategies, bacterial endophytes can be classified as “obligate” or “facultative”. Reports that members of the genus Micromonospora, Gram-positive Actinobacteria, are normal occupants of nitrogen-fixing nodules has opened up a question as to what is the ecological role of these bacteria in interactions with nitrogen-fixing plants and whether it is in a process of adaptation from a terrestrial to a facultative endophytic life. The aim of this work was to analyse the genome sequence of Micromonospora lupini Lupac 08 isolated from a nitrogen fixing nodule of the legume Lupinus angustifolius and to identify genomic traits that provide information on this new plant-microbe interaction. The genome of M. lupini contains a diverse array of genes that may help its survival in soil or in plant tissues, while the high number of putative plant degrading enzyme genes identified is quite surprising since this bacterium is not considered a plant-pathogen. Functionality of several of these genes was demonstrated in vitro, showing that Lupac 08 degraded carboxymethylcellulose, starch and xylan. In addition, the production of chitinases detected in vitro, indicates that strain Lupac 08 may also confer protection to the plant. Micromonospora species appears as new candidates in plant-microbe interactions with an important potential in agriculture and biotechnology. The current data strongly suggests that a beneficial effect is produced on the host-plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Trujillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Bacigalupe
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Petar Pujic
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Patricia Benito
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl Riesco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudine Médigue
- Genoscope, CNRS-UMR 8030, Atelier de Génomique Comparative, Evry, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
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579
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Zawoznik MS, Vázquez SC, Díaz Herrera SM, Groppa MD. Search for endophytic diazotrophs in barley seeds. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:621-5. [PMID: 25242949 PMCID: PMC4166290 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight endophytic isolates assigned to Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, and Bacillus genera according to pheno-genotypic features were retrieved from barley seeds under selective pressure for nitrogen-fixers. Genetic relationships among related isolates were investigated through RAPD. Six isolates displayed nitrogen-fixing ability, while all could biosynthesize indolacetic acid in vitro and showed no antibiosis effects against Azospirillum brasilense Az39, a recognized PGPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam S Zawoznik
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal Departamento de Química Biológica Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana C Vázquez
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana M Díaz Herrera
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal Departamento de Química Biológica Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María D Groppa
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal Departamento de Química Biológica Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina Cátedra de Química Biológica Vegetal, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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580
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Sánchez-Parra B, Frerigmann H, Alonso MMP, Loba VC, Jost R, Hentrich M, Pollmann S. Characterization of Four Bifunctional Plant IAM/PAM-Amidohydrolases Capable of Contributing to Auxin Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2014; 3:324-47. [PMID: 27135507 PMCID: PMC4844348 DOI: 10.3390/plants3030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amidases [EC 3.5.1.4] capable of converting indole-3-acetamide (IAM) into the major plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are assumed to be involved in auxin de novo biosynthesis. With the emerging amount of genomics data, it was possible to identify over forty proteins with substantial homology to the already characterized amidases from Arabidopsis and tobacco. The observed high conservation of amidase-like proteins throughout the plant kingdom may suggest an important role of theses enzymes in plant development. Here, we report cloning and functional analysis of four, thus far, uncharacterized plant amidases from Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Medicago truncatula, and Populus trichocarpa. Intriguingly, we were able to demonstrate that the examined amidases are also capable of converting phenyl-2-acetamide (PAM) into phenyl-2-acetic acid (PAA), an auxin endogenous to several plant species including Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we compared the subcellular localization of the enzymes to that of Arabidopsis AMI1, providing further evidence for similar enzymatic functions. Our results point to the presence of a presumably conserved pathway of auxin biosynthesis via IAM, as amidases, both of monocot, and dicot origins, were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Henning Frerigmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Víctor Carrasco Loba
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mathias Hentrich
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
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581
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Granada CE, Strochein M, Vargas LK, Bruxel M, de Sá ELS, Passaglia LMP. Genetic diversity and symbiotic compatibility among rhizobial strains and Desmodium incanum and Lotus spp. plants. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:396-405. [PMID: 25071405 PMCID: PMC4094621 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the symbiotic compatibility and nodulation efficiency of rhizobia isolated from Desmodium incanum, Lotus corniculatus, L. subbiflorus, L. uliginosus and L. glaber plants by cross-inoculation. Twelve reference strains and 21 native isolates of rhizobia were genetically analyzed by the BOX-PCR technique, which showed a high genetic diversity among the rhizobia studied. The isolates were also characterized based on their production of indolic compounds and siderophores, as well as on their tolerance to salinity. Fifteen of the 33 rhizobia analyzed were able to produce indolic compounds, whereas 13 produced siderophores. All the tested rhizobia were sensitive to high salinity, although some were able to grow in solutions of up to 2% NaCl. Most of the native rhizobia isolated from L. uliginosus were able to induce nodulation in all plant species studied. In a greenhouse experiment using both D. incanum and L. corniculatus plants, the rhizobia isolate UFRGS Lu2 promoted the greatest plant growth. The results demonstrate that there are native rhizobia in the soils of southern Brazil that have low host specificity and are able to induce nodulation and form active nodules in several plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Granada
- Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil
| | - Marcos Strochein
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina , Campus Urupema , Urupema, SC , Brazil
| | - Luciano K Vargas
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil
| | - Manuela Bruxel
- Departamento de Solos, Faculdade de Agronomia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil
| | - Enilson Luiz Saccol de Sá
- Departamento de Solos, Faculdade de Agronomia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil
| | - Luciane M P Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil
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582
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Ferguson BJ, Mathesius U. Phytohormone regulation of legume-rhizobia interactions. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:770-90. [PMID: 25052910 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodules. Nodules are highly organized root organs that form in response to Nod factors produced by rhizobia, and they provide rhizobia with a specialized niche to optimize nutrient exchange and nitrogen fixation. Nodule development and invasion by rhizobia is locally controlled by feedback between rhizobia and the plant host. In addition, the total number of nodules on a root system is controlled by a systemic mechanism termed 'autoregulation of nodulation'. Both the local and the systemic control of nodulation are regulated by phytohormones. There are two mechanisms by which phytohormone signalling is altered during nodulation: through direct synthesis by rhizobia and through indirect manipulation of the phytohormone balance in the plant, triggered by bacterial Nod factors. Recent genetic and physiological evidence points to a crucial role of Nod factor-induced changes in the host phytohormone balance as a prerequisite for successful nodule formation. Phytohormones synthesized by rhizobia enhance symbiosis effectiveness but do not appear to be necessary for nodule formation. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the roles and interactions of phytohormones and signalling peptides in the regulation of nodule infection, initiation, positioning, development, and autoregulation. Future challenges remain to unify hormone-related findings across different legumes and to test whether hormone perception, response, or transport differences among different legumes could explain the variety of nodules types and the predisposition for nodule formation in this plant family. In addition, the molecular studies carried out under controlled conditions will need to be extended into the field to test whether and how phytohormone contributions by host and rhizobial partners affect the long term fitness of the host and the survival and competition of rhizobia in the soil. It also will be interesting to explore the interaction of hormonal signalling pathways between rhizobia and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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583
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Khan AL, Waqas M, Kang SM, Al-Harrasi A, Hussain J, Al-Rawahi A, Al-Khiziri S, Ullah I, Ali L, Jung HY, Lee IJ. Bacterial endophyte Sphingomonas sp. LK11 produces gibberellins and IAA and promotes tomato plant growth. J Microbiol 2014; 52:689-95. [PMID: 24994010 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria have been identified as potential growth regulators of crops. Endophytic bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. LK11, was isolated from the leaves of Tephrosia apollinea. The pure culture of Sphingomonas sp. LK11 was subjected to advance chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to extract and isolate gibberellins (GAs). Deuterated standards of [17, 17-(2)H2]-GA4, [17, 17-(2)H2]-GA9 and [17, 17-(2)H2]-GA20 were used to quantify the bacterial GAs. The analysis of the culture broth of Sphingomonas sp. LK11 revealed the existence of physiologically active gibberellins (GA4: 2.97 ± 0.11 ng/ml) and inactive GA9 (0.98 ± 0.15 ng/ml) and GA20 (2.41 ± 0.23). The endophyte also produced indole acetic acid (11.23 ± 0.93 μM/ml). Tomato plants inoculated with endophytic Sphingomonas sp. LK11 showed significantly increased growth attributes (shoot length, chlorophyll contents, shoot, and root dry weights) compared to the control. This indicated that such phyto-hormones-producing strains could help in increasing crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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584
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Jasim B, Jimtha John C, Shimil V, Jyothis M, Radhakrishnan E. Studies on the factors modulating indole-3-acetic acid production in endophytic bacterial isolates from Piper nigrum
and molecular analysis of ipdc
gene. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:786-99. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Jasim
- School of Biosciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam India
| | - C. Jimtha John
- School of Biosciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam India
| | - V. Shimil
- School of Biosciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam India
| | - M. Jyothis
- School of Biosciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam India
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585
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Koul V, Adholeya A, Kochar M. Sphere of influence of indole acetic acid and nitric oxide in bacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 55:543-53. [PMID: 24913042 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biosynthesis of the phytohormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is well established and along with the diffusible gaseous molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is known to positively regulate the developmental processes of plant roots. IAA and NO act as signaling molecules in plant-microbe interactions as they modulate the gene expression in both, plants and microorganisms. Although IAA and NO may not be required for essential bacterial physiological processes, numerous studies point towards a crosstalk between IAA and NO in the rhizosphere. In this review, we describe various IAA and NO-responsive or sensing genes/proteins/regulators. There is also growing evidence for the interaction of IAA and NO with other plant growth regulators and the involvement of NO with the quorum sensing system in biofilm formation and virulence. This interactive network can greatly impact the host plant-microbe interactions in the soil. Coupled with this, the specialized σ(54) -dependent transcription observed in some of the IAA and NO-influenced genes can confer inducibility to these traits in bacteria and may allow the expression of IAA and NO-influenced microbial genes in nutrient limiting or changing environmental conditions for the benefit of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsala Koul
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
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586
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Bakhshandeh E, Rahimian H, Pirdashti H, Nematzadeh GA. Phosphate solubilization potential and modeling of stress tolerance of rhizobacteria from rice paddy soil in northern Iran. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2437-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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587
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Siqueira AF, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Souza RC, Rodrigues EP, Almeida LGP, Barcellos FG, Batista JSS, Nakatani AS, Martínez-Romero E, Vasconcelos ATR, Hungria M. Comparative genomics of Bradyrhizobium japonicum CPAC 15 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens CPAC 7: elite model strains for understanding symbiotic performance with soybean. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:420. [PMID: 24888481 PMCID: PMC4070871 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis can be highly efficient in fixing nitrogen, but few genomic sequences of elite inoculant strains are available. Here we contribute with information on the genomes of two commercial strains that are broadly applied to soybean crops in the tropics. B. japonicum CPAC 15 (=SEMIA 5079) is outstanding in its saprophytic capacity and competitiveness, whereas B. diazoefficiens CPAC 7 (=SEMIA 5080) is known for its high efficiency in fixing nitrogen. Both are well adapted to tropical soils. The genomes of CPAC 15 and CPAC 7 were compared to each other and also to those of B. japonicum USDA 6T and B. diazoefficiens USDA 110T. RESULTS Differences in genome size were found between species, with B. japonicum having larger genomes than B. diazoefficiens. Although most of the four genomes were syntenic, genome rearrangements within and between species were observed, including events in the symbiosis island. In addition to the symbiotic region, several genomic islands were identified. Altogether, these features must confer high genomic plasticity that might explain adaptation and differences in symbiotic performance. It was not possible to attribute known functions to half of the predicted genes. About 10% of the genomes was composed of exclusive genes of each strain, but up to 98% of them were of unknown function or coded for mobile genetic elements. In CPAC 15, more genes were associated with secondary metabolites, nutrient transport, iron-acquisition and IAA metabolism, potentially correlated with higher saprophytic capacity and competitiveness than seen with CPAC 7. In CPAC 7, more genes were related to the metabolism of amino acids and hydrogen uptake, potentially correlated with higher efficiency of nitrogen fixation than seen with CPAC 15. CONCLUSIONS Several differences and similarities detected between the two elite soybean-inoculant strains and between the two species of Bradyrhizobium provide new insights into adaptation to tropical soils, efficiency of N2 fixation, nodulation and competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Fernandes Siqueira
- />Department Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), C.P. 60001, Londrina, PR 86051-990 Brazil
- />Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, PR 86001-970 Brazil
| | - Ernesto Ormeño-Orrillo
- />Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Rangel Celso Souza
- />Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Rua Getúlio Vargas 333, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-071 Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Gonzaga Paula Almeida
- />Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Rua Getúlio Vargas 333, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-071 Brazil
| | | | - Jesiane Stefânia Silva Batista
- />Department Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariangela Hungria
- />Department Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), C.P. 60001, Londrina, PR 86051-990 Brazil
- />Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, PR 86001-970 Brazil
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588
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Pindi PK, Sultana T, Vootla PK. Plant growth regulation of Bt-cotton through Bacillus species. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:305-315. [PMID: 28324434 PMCID: PMC4026452 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deccan plateau in India periodically experiences droughts due to irregular rain fall and the soil in many parts of the region is considered to be poor for farming. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are originally defined as root-colonizing bacteria, i.e., Bacillus that cause either plant growth promotion or biological control of plant diseases. The study aims at the isolation of novel Bacillus species and to assess the biotechnological potential of the novel species as a biofertilizer, with respect to their plant growth promoting properties as efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Seven different strains of Bacillus were isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil near boys’ hostel of Palamuru University which belongs to Deccan plateau. Among seven isolated strains, Bacillus strain-7 has shown maximum support for good growth of eight cotton cultivars. This bacterial species is named Bacillus sp. PU-7 based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis. Among eight cotton cultivars, Mahyco has shown high levels of IAA, proteins, chlorophyll, sugars and low level of proline. Efficacy of novel Bacillus sp. PU-7 with Mahyco cultivar has been checked experimentally at field level in four different cotton grown agricultural soils. The strains supported plant growth in almost all the cases, especially in the deep black soil, with a clear evidence of maximum plant growth by increased levels of phytohormone production and biochemical analysis, followed by shallow black soil. Hence, it is inferred that the novel isolate can be used as bioinoculant in the cotton fields.
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589
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A Diverse Assemblage of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria Associate with Unicellular Green Algae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1977-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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590
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Akiyama H, Oku N, Kasai H, Shizuri Y, Matsumoto S, Igarashi Y. Metabolites from thermophilic bacteria I: N-propionylanthranilic acid, a co-metabolite of the bacillamide class antibiotics and tryptophan metabolites with herbicidal activity from Laceyella sacchari. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:795-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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591
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Auxin production by the plant trypanosomatidPhytomonas serpensand auxin homoeostasis in infected tomato fruits. Parasitology 2014; 141:1299-310. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYPreviously we have characterized the complete gene encoding a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC)/indolepyruvate decarboxylase (IPDC) ofPhytomonas serpens, a trypanosomatid highly abundant in tomato fruits. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the clade that contains the trypanosomatid protein behaves as a sister group of IPDCs ofγ-proteobacteria. Since IPDCs are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the ability for IAA production byP. serpenswas investigated. Similar to many microorganisms, the production of IAA and related indolic compounds, quantified by high performance liquid chromatography, increased inP. serpensmedia in response to amounts of tryptophan. The auxin functionality was confirmed in the hypocotyl elongation assay. In tomato fruits inoculated withP. serpensthe concentration of free IAA had no significant variation, whereas increased levels of IAA-amide and IAA-ester conjugates were observed. The data suggest that the auxin produced by the flagellate is converted to IAA conjugates, keeping unaltered the concentration of free IAA. Ethanol also accumulated inP. serpens-conditioned media, as the result of a PDC activity. In the article we discuss the hypothesis of the bifunctionality ofP. serpensPDC/IPDC and provide a three-dimensional model of the enzyme.
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592
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Yuan M, He H, Xiao L, Zhong T, Liu H, Li S, Deng P, Ye Z, Jing Y. Enhancement of Cd phytoextraction by two Amaranthus species with endophytic Rahnella sp. JN27. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:99-104. [PMID: 24314897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-assisted phytoextraction shows a potential for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the potential of endophytic bacteria in improving plant growth and metal uptake by Cd-hyperaccumulators-Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus mangostanus. An endophytic bacterial strain JN27 isolated from roots of Zea mays displayed high tolerance and mobilization to Cd, and was identified as Rahnella sp. based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The strain also exhibited multiple plant growth beneficial features including the production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase and solubilization of insoluble phosphate. Subsequently, a pot trial was performed to elucidate the effects of inoculation with JN27 on plant growth and Cd uptake by A. hypochondriacus, A. mangostanus, Solanum nigrum and Z. mays grown in soils with different levels of Cd (25, 50, 100 mg Cd kg(-1)). The results revealed that inoculation with JN27 significantly increased the biomasses of all the tested plants and the Cd concentrations of all the tested plants except Z. mays in both above-ground and root tissues. Moreover, strain JN27 could successfully re-colonized in rhizosphere soils of all the tested plants and root interior of A. hypochondriacus and Z. mays. The present results indicated that the symbiont of A. hypochondriacus (or A. mangostanus) and strain JN27 can effectively improve the Cd uptake by plants and would be a new strategy in microbe-assisted phytoextraction for metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Huaidong He
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Shubin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Peiyan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Zhihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanxiao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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593
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Jasim B, Joseph AA, John CJ, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:197-204. [PMID: 28324450 PMCID: PMC3964247 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, by residing within the specific chemical environment of host plants, form unique group of microorganisms. Microbially unexplored medicinal plants can have diverse and potential microbial association. The rhizome of ginger is very remarkable because of its metabolite richness, but the physiological processes in these tissues and the functional role of associated microorganisms remain totally unexplored. Through the current study, the presence of four different endophytic bacterial strains were identified from ginger rhizome. Among the various isolates, ZoB2 which is identified as Pseudomonas sp. was found to have the ability to produce IAA, ACC deaminase and siderophore. By considering these plant growth promoting properties, ZoB5 can expect to have considerable effect on the growth of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jasim
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadharshini Hills PO, Kottayam Dist, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Aswathy Agnes Joseph
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadharshini Hills PO, Kottayam Dist, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - C Jimtha John
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadharshini Hills PO, Kottayam Dist, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadharshini Hills PO, Kottayam Dist, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadharshini Hills PO, Kottayam Dist, Kerala, 686560, India.
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594
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DalCorso G, Manara A, Furini A. An overview of heavy metal challenge in plants: from roots to shoots. Metallomics 2014; 5:1117-32. [PMID: 23739766 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (e.g. mining, agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their prevalence in the environment resulting in concentrations that are toxic to animals and plants. Excess heavy metals affect plant physiology by inducing stress symptoms, but many plants have adapted to avoid the damaging effects of metal toxicity, using strategies such as metal chelation, transport and compartmentalization. Understanding the molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance in plants will facilitate the development of new strategies to create metal-tolerant crops, biofortified foods and plants suitable for the phytoremediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni DalCorso
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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595
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Abstract
Rhizobia are bacteria in the α-proteobacterial genera Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Azorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium that reduce (fix) atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic association with a compatible host plant. In free-living and/or symbiotically associated rhizobia, amino acids may, in addition to their incorporation into proteins, serve as carbon, nitrogen or sulfur sources, signals of cellular nitrogen status and precursors of important metabolites. Depending on the rhizobia-host plant combination, microsymbiont amino acid metabolism (biosynthesis, transport and/or degradation) is often crucial to the establishment and maintenance of an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and is intimately interconnected with the metabolism of the plant. This review summarizes past findings and current research directions in rhizobial amino acid metabolism and evaluates the genetic, biochemical and genome expression studies from which these are derived. Specific sections deal with the regulation of rhizobial amino acid metabolism, amino acid transport, and finally the symbiotic roles of individual amino acids in different plant-rhizobia combinations.
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596
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Efficiency of indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid and ethylene synthesized in vitro by Fusarium culmorum strains with different effects on cereal growth. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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597
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Lee SM, Kim JY, Lee HJ, Chang MI, Chae YS, Rhee GS. Establishment of analytical method for 6-benzylaminopurine residue, a plant growth regulator for brown rice, mandarin, pepper, potato, and soybean by using GC/NPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-4251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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598
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Talboys PJ, Owen DW, Healey JR, Withers PJA, Jones DL. Auxin secretion by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 both stimulates root exudation and limits phosphorus uptake in Triticum aestivium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:51. [PMID: 24558978 PMCID: PMC4015440 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of auxin-producing rhizosphere bacteria as agricultural products promises increased root production and therefore greater phosphate (Pi) uptake. Whilst such bacteria promote root production in vitro, the nature of the bacteria-plant interaction in live soil, particularly concerning any effects on nutrient uptake, are not known. This study uses Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, an auxin-producing rhizobacterium, as a dressing on Triticum aestivium seeds. It then examines the effects on root production, Pi uptake, Pi-related gene expression and organic carbon (C) exudation. RESULTS Seed treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 increased root production at low environmental Pi concentrations, but significantly repressed root Pi uptake. This coincided with an auxin-mediated reduction in expression of the Pi transporters TaPHT1.8 and TaPHT1.10. Applied exogenous auxin also triggered an increase in root C exudation. At high external Pi concentrations, root production was promoted by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, but Pi uptake was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, alongside promoting root production, auxin biosynthesis by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 both re-models Pi transporter expression and elevates organic C exudation. This shows the potential importance of rhizobacterial-derived auxin following colonisation of root surfaces, and the nature of this bacteria-plant interaction in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Talboys
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Darren W Owen
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - John R Healey
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Paul JA Withers
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - David L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
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599
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The bacterial effector HopX1 targets JAZ transcriptional repressors to activate jasmonate signaling and promote infection in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001792. [PMID: 24558350 PMCID: PMC3928049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae is dependent on a type III secretion system, which secretes a suite of virulence effector proteins into the host cytoplasm, and the production of a number of toxins such as coronatine (COR), which is a mimic of the plant hormone jasmonate-isoleuce (JA-Ile). Inside the plant cell, effectors target host molecules to subvert the host cell physiology and disrupt defenses. However, despite the fact that elucidating effector action is essential to understanding bacterial pathogenesis, the molecular function and host targets of the vast majority of effectors remain largely unknown. Here, we found that effector HopX1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 11528, a strain that does not produce COR, interacts with and promotes the degradation of JAZ proteins, a key family of JA-repressors. We show that hopX1 encodes a cysteine protease, activity that is required for degradation of JAZs by HopX1. HopX1 associates with JAZ proteins through its central ZIM domain and degradation occurs in a COI1-independent manner. Moreover, ectopic expression of HopX1 in Arabidopsis induces the expression of JA-dependent genes, represses salicylic acid (SA)-induced markers, and complements the growth of a COR-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 strain during natural bacterial infections. Furthermore, HopX1 promoted susceptibility when delivered by the natural type III secretion system, to a similar extent as the addition of COR, and this effect was dependent on its catalytic activity. Altogether, our results indicate that JAZ proteins are direct targets of bacterial effectors to promote activation of JA-induced defenses and susceptibility in Arabidopsis. HopX1 illustrates a paradigm of an alternative evolutionary solution to COR with similar physiological outcome.
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600
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Mohammed M, Ch S, Ch RV. Aniline is an inducer, and not a precursor, for indole derivatives in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87503. [PMID: 24533057 PMCID: PMC3922755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 and other anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria produce indole derivatives when exposed to aniline, a xenobiotic compound. Though this phenomenon has been reported previously, the role of aniline in the production of indoles is still a biochemical riddle. The present study aims at understanding the specific role of aniline (as precursor or stimulator) in the production of indoles and elucidating the biochemical pathway of indoles in aniline-exposed cells by using stable isotope approaches. Metabolic profiling revealed tryptophan accumulation only in aniline exposed cells along with indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole 3-aldehyde (IAld), the two major catabolites of tryptophan. Deuterium labelled aniline feeding studies revealed that aniline is not a precursor of indoles in strain JA2. Further, production of indoles only in aniline-exposed cells suggests that aniline is an indoles stimulator. In addition, production of indoles depended on the presence of a carbon source, and production enhanced when carbon sources were added to the culture. Isotope labelled fumarate feeding identified, fumarate as the precursor of indole, indicating de novo synthesis of indoles. Glyphosate (shikimate pathway inhibitor) inhibited the indoles production, accumulation of tryptophan, IAA and IAld indicating that indoles synthesis in strain JA2 occurs via the de novo shikimate pathway. The up-regulation of anthranilate synthase gene and induction of anthranilate synthase activity correlated well with tryptophan production in strain JA2. Induction of tryptophan aminotransferase and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activities corroborated well with IAA levels, suggesting that tryptophan catabolism occurs simultaneously in aniline exposed cells. Our study demonstrates that aniline (stress) stimulates tryptophan/indoles synthesis via the shikimate pathway by possibly modulating the metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sasikala Ch
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, IST, J NT University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramana V. Ch
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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