601
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Huynh G, Nguyen TV, Nguyen DD, Lam QM, Pham TN, Nguyen HTN. Knowledge About COVID-19, Beliefs and Vaccination Acceptance Against COVID-19 Among High-Risk People in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1773-1780. [PMID: 34012276 PMCID: PMC8128504 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s308446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is one of the best ways to control a pandemic such as COVID-19. However, identifying community apprehensions towards vaccination needs to be understood in detail. This study aims to determine the factors that can predict the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional study was considered by systematic random sampling of 425 adults with chronic illnesses in Ho Chi Minh City. Data were collected between December 2020 and January 2021 via a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The main outcome was the acceptance of future COVID-19 vaccinations. Results A total of 425 eligible adults responded to the survey, whose mean age was 52.9±15.6 years; 67.8% of them were women, more than a half of them had high school education level or higher (57.4%) and received COVID-19 information mainly via television and social media accounted for 82.4% and 58.1%, respectively. Overall, knowledge of COVID-19 was reported as relatively good, with a mean score of 7.11 ± 1.77 (0–9). Determinants of vaccination acceptance were knowledge and cues to action. Accordingly, there was a 1.2-fold increase in the odds of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination for a 1-unit increase in “the total knowledge score” (AOR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3, p<0.05), and there was a 3.2-fold increase in the odds of vaccination acceptance for a 1-unit increase in “cues to action” (AOR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.7–5.8, p<0.001). Conclusion Determinants that influence the intention to have the COVID-19 vaccination are identified, which can be applied to future health education interventions that should focus on enhanced knowledge towards COVID-19 via mass media messages and cues to action from healthcare workers’ recommendations to promote vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giao Huynh
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tap Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam
| | - Dung Dang Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Minh Lam
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Nhat Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Han Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Infection Control Department, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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602
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Older adolescents and young adults willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for informing public health strategies. Vaccine 2021; 39:3473-3479. [PMID: 34023134 PMCID: PMC8114588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance The success in ending the COVID-19 pandemic rests partly on the mass uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Little work has been done to understand vaccine willingness among older adolescents and young adults. This is important since this age group may be less likely to adhere to public health guidelines. Objective To understand willingness of getting a vaccine and reasons for vaccine hesitancy among a sample of older adolescents and young adults. Design Data were from the Well-Being and Experiences study (The WE Study), a longitudinal community-based sample of older adolescents and young adults collected from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from 2017 to 2020 (n = 664). Setting The study setting was a community-based observational longitudinal study. Participants Participants for the study were aged 14 to 17 years old at baseline in 2016–17 (n = 1000). Data were also collected on one parent/caregiver. Waves 2 (n = 747) and 3 (n = 664) were collected in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Exposures The main exposures were sociodemographic factors, health conditions, COVID-19 knowledge, and adversity history. Main Outcomes The main outcomes were COVID-19 vaccine willingness, hesitancy, and reasons for hesitancy. Results Willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine was 65.4%. Willingness did not differ by age, sex, or mental health conditions, but did differ for other sociodemographic characteristics, physical health conditions, COVID-19 knowledge, practicing social/physical distancing, and adversity history. The most common reasons for not wanting a vaccine were related to safety, knowledge, and effectiveness. Sex differences were noted. Conclusions and Relevance Increasing uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among older adolescents and young adults may rely on targeting individuals from households with lower income, financial burden, and adversity history, and generating public health messaging specifically aimed at vaccine safety, how it works to protect against illness, and why it is important to protect oneself against a COVID-19 infection.
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603
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Reiter PL, Katz ML. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About COVID-19 Among Adults in the United States. Front Public Health 2021; 9:653498. [PMID: 34046389 PMCID: PMC8144327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are cognitive outcomes that serve as key determinants of engaging in health behaviors, likely including vaccination and other mitigation behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Studies have begun examining people's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about COVID-19, but little is known about how these cognitive outcomes differ across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: An online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of adults ages 18 and older in the United States (n = 2,006) in May 2020, about 2 months after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. Multivariable regression models were used to examine differences in knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about COVID-19 across racial/ethnic groups (non-Latinx white, non-Latinx black, non-Latinx of another race, or Latinx). Results: Knowledge tended to be lower among non-Latinx blacks and Latinx participants compared to non-Latinx whites. For example, fewer non-Latinx blacks responded correctly that COVID-19 is not caused by the same virus that causes influenza (adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.90), and Latinx participants were less likely to respond correctly that people with COVID-19 do not always show symptoms of being sick (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.87). For beliefs and attitudes, non-Latinx blacks (β = −0.09) and non-Latinx participants of another race (β = −0.05) reported lower perceived likelihood of getting COVID-19 in the future compared to non-Latinx whites, while Latinx participants reported greater perceived stigma of COVID-19 (β = 0.08) (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Several differences in cognitive outcomes about COVID-19 exist across racial/ethnic groups, including gaps in knowledge and varied beliefs and attitudes. Results identify modifiable targets for public health programs promoting vaccination and other mitigation behaviors against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mira L Katz
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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604
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Moyad MA. Adult preventive vaccines with other synergistic lifestyle options: is it time to add these ancillary benefits to the overall AS management checklist? World J Urol 2021; 40:43-49. [PMID: 33963444 PMCID: PMC8104041 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the potential ancillary cardiovascular and other health impacts of compliance with general adult vaccination series in the prostate cancer active surveillance (AS) population. No previous review has been published in regard to this specific topic. METHODS Literature review of PubMed data up to December 2020 RESULTS: Compliance rates for adult vaccination are in the approximate anemic range of 25-50% with occasional higher rates of specific vaccines in the elderly population including annual influenza and pneumococcal prevention. Herpes zoster (HZ) and numerous other vaccine preventive illnesses are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Preliminary evidence suggests vaccine compliance could reduce overall morbidity and mortality, and adherence to heart healthy lifestyle changes and parameters could further improve vaccine efficacy and overall wellness. COVID-19 vaccine utilization and research should also continue to reinforce the direct and ancillary benefits of this entire preventive intervention category. CONCLUSIONS Multiple ancillary lifestyle change recommendations could be included in the AS criteria to potentially reduce morbidity and mortality in this population, and perhaps the most unsung intervention is to improve the inadequate rates of general adult vaccination compliance and other heart healthy behavioral changes that impact their efficacy. Heart health, prostate health, and immune system health are closely interlinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5330, USA.
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605
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Belingheri M, Roncalli M, Riva MA, Paladino ME, Teruzzi CM. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and reasons for or against adherence among dentists. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 152:740-746. [PMID: 34301398 PMCID: PMC8101782 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has spread widely among health care workers. Oral health care workers have an increased risk of being infected owing to dental practice characteristics. New, effective vaccines against COVID-19 have been approved for use. The authors aim was to evaluate intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in a population of dentists and identify factors associated with their intentions. Methods The authors conducted an anonymous online survey among 761 dentists enrolled at the Board of Physicians and Dentists of the District of Monza Brianza, Monza, Italy. The authors collected data on demographic characteristics, influenza vaccine uptake, COVID-19 history, vaccine attitudes, and specific reasons for their intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 or not. Results Overall, 421 dentists completed the survey. More than 82% of the participants declared their intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The multivariate logistic regression model reported a positive association with receiving the influenza vaccine in the 2020-2021 influenza season (odds ratio, 5.15; 95% CI, 2.14 to 12.39) and a negative association with receiving a diagnosis of COVID-19 previously (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.66). The participants’ main reason for supporting vaccination was to protect their family and friends (87%) and their main reason for opposing vaccination was the lack of information (39%). Conclusions It is fundamental to consider vaccine hesitancy in health care workers and address it properly because they must provide recommendations to patients and promote adherence to vaccination programs. Practical Implications The vaccination of dental practitioners should be prioritized owing to the high risk related to dental practice.
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606
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Baghdadi LR, Alghaihb SG, Abuhaimed AA, Alkelabi DM, Alqahtani RS. Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on the Upcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in Terms of Their Exposure to the Influenza Vaccine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:465. [PMID: 34066397 PMCID: PMC8148208 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)) caused a global pandemic. There was an urgent need to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 to reduce its spread and economic burden. The main objective of this study was to understand the attitudes and concerns of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine, whether their decision was influenced by their history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine, and factors that influence the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We selected and surveyed 356 HCWs via an electronic self-administered questionnaire. A total of 61.16% of HCWs were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and 55.9% of them had received the seasonal influenza vaccine in the preceding year (2019-2020). The strongest predictors for taking the COVID-19 vaccine were the HCWs' belief that the COVID-19 vaccine would be safe, needed even for healthy people, that all HCWs should be vaccinated against COVID-19, and that HCWs will have time to take the vaccine. Being female, being middle aged, having <5 years of work experience, having no fear of injections, and being a non-smoker were predictive factors for taking the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. No associations were found between the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and a history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R. Baghdadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha G. Alghaihb
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (D.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Alanoud A. Abuhaimed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (D.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Dania M. Alkelabi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (D.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Rawan S. Alqahtani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (D.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
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607
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Paris C, Bénézit F, Geslin M, Polard E, Baldeyrou M, Turmel V, Tadié É, Garlantezec R, Tattevin P. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51:484-487. [PMID: 33964486 PMCID: PMC8098031 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize healthcare workers' (HCWs) intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine by the beginning of the vaccine campaign in France. METHODS Data were collected on a self-administered questionnaire through the website of a tertiary care center (February 9-18, 2021). RESULTS Among 1,965 respondents, 1,436 (73.1%), 453 (23.1%), and 76 (3.9%) declared themselves in favor, hesitant, or against the COVID-19 vaccine: <60% of auxiliary nurses and technicians intended to be vaccinated, as compared to 60-79% of nurses and support staff, and>80% of medical staff. On multivariate analysis, age, occupation, flu vaccine history, and controversy over the AstraZeneca vaccine tolerability were independently associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are similar among HCWs. Media communication on vaccine side effects have a dramatic effect on vaccine hesitancy. Efforts are requested to inform HCWs about the risk/benefit balance of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Paris
- Service de Santé au Travail, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, rue Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - François Bénézit
- Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Mareva Geslin
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Polard
- Centre de Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Marion Baldeyrou
- Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Turmel
- Direction de la Qualité et des Relations avec les Usagers, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Émilie Tadié
- Service de Santé au Travail, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, rue Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Garlantezec
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Tattevin
- Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France.
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608
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The Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in China: Insights from Protection Motivation Theory. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050445. [PMID: 34063281 PMCID: PMC8147465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: More coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are gradually being developed and marketed. Improving the vaccination intention will be the key to increasing the vaccination rate in the future; (2) Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination intentions, protection motivation and control variables. Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to analyze the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine; (3) Results: Although the vaccine was free, 17.75% of the 2377 respondents did not want, or were hesitant, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents’ cognition of vaccine safety, external reward and response efficacy were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, while age, income and response cost were negatively related to the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Professionals and people without medical insurance had the lowest intention to vaccinate; (4) Conclusions: The older aged, people without health insurance, those with higher incomes and professionals should be treated as the key intervention targets. Strengthening publicity and education about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, training vaccinated people and community leaders as propagandists for the vaccine, and improving the accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to improve COVID-19 vaccination intention.
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609
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Han K, Francis MR, Zhang R, Wang Q, Xia A, Lu L, Yang B, Hou Z. Confidence, Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine among Migrants in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050443. [PMID: 34063182 PMCID: PMC8147504 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the public’s attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination and their acceptance could help facilitate the COVID-19 rollout. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine among migrants in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2126 migrants in Shanghai for the period 1–20 November 2020. Convenience sampling was used to recruit respondents in workplaces with large numbers of migrant workers. Multivariable (ordered) logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with acceptance and WTP of the COVID-19 vaccine. Most (89.1%) migrants would accept COVID-19 vaccination. Over 90.0% perceived the COVID-19 vaccine as important, while only 75.0% and 77.7% perceived vaccines safe and effective. Socio-demographic factors were not significantly associated with vaccine acceptance, but confidence in the importance (OR 8.71, 95% CI 5.89–12.89), safety (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.24–2.61) and effectiveness (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.83–3.87) of COVID-19 vaccine was significantly positively associated with vaccine acceptance. The top reasons for vaccine hesitancy were lack of vaccine information and confidence. The proportion of those definitely willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine was 20% lower if paid by themselves than free vaccination. Migrants were willing to pay a median amount of USD 46 for the COVID-19 vaccine. Results show that a high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was universal among migrants in Shanghai. Concerns about vaccine safety, effectiveness and high costs of the COVID-19 vaccine may hinder their uptake. Effective health communication to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and subsidies toward the costs of these vaccines are needed to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Han
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (Q.W.); (A.X.); (L.L.)
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mark R. Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (Q.W.); (A.X.); (L.L.)
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (Q.W.); (A.X.); (L.L.)
| | - Aichen Xia
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (Q.W.); (A.X.); (L.L.)
| | - Linyao Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (Q.W.); (A.X.); (L.L.)
| | - Bingyi Yang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (Q.W.); (A.X.); (L.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence:
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610
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Mir HH, Parveen S, Mullick NH, Nabi S. Using structural equation modeling to predict Indian people's attitudes and intentions towards COVID-19 vaccination. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:1017-1022. [PMID: 34000711 PMCID: PMC8105307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Understanding people's attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination is crucial to the successful implementation of a vaccination program. Hence this research study seeks to identify critical factors influencing Indian people's attitudes and intentions to take up Covid-19 vaccinations. METHODS An online questionnaire was administered to a sample (n = 254) drawn from Indian population, to assess the impact of perceived benefits, risk perceptions, social media exposure, social norms, and trust associated with Covid-19 vaccines on people's attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines and their intentions to take up the Covid-19 vaccinations. RESULTS The findings showed that the perceived benefits, social norms, and trust correlated significantly with people's attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccinations. In contrast, risk perceptions and social media exposure showed an insignificant influence on people's attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccinations. Social norms, trust, and people's attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccinations are significantly correlated with their intentions to take up Covid-19 vaccinations. On the contrary, social media exposure was found to have an insignificant influence on people's intentions to take up Covid-19 vaccinations. CONCLUSION Participants' intentions to take up Covid-19 vaccinations was influenced mainly by their attitudes and perceptions of Covid-19 vaccines in general, which strongly confirms the importance of various dimensions (perceived benefits, trust, social norms) of Covid-19 vaccines in cultivating Covid-19 vaccination acceptance among participants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Hamid Mir
- Center for Management Studies Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New-Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Subeena Parveen
- Department of Commerce and Business Studies Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New-Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Naushadul Haque Mullick
- Center for Management Studies Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New-Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shazia Nabi
- Department of Commerce and Business Studies Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New-Delhi, 110025, India
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611
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Coe AB, Elliott MH, Gatewood SBS, Goode JVR, Moczygemba LR. Perceptions and predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2593-2599. [PMID: 33994325 PMCID: PMC8087864 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The control of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be dependent on widespread receipt of an effective vaccine. It is important to understand patient health-related behaviors and perceptions to guide public health vaccination strategies. Objectives To examine perceptions of COVID-19 and vaccination beliefs, and identify predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the US. Methods A cross-sectional, web-based survey guided by the Health Belief Model was conducted using a web-based Qualtrics survey panel of US adults. The main outcome was the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if offered. Additional measures included: demographics, perceptions of COVID-19 severity, risk and susceptibility, views of a potential COVID-19 vaccine, virus and vaccine information sources, vaccine beliefs and behaviors, and seasonal flu vaccine history. Results A total of 1047 complete responses were included. Females had lower odds of intending to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than males (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.80). Those with a two-year degree/some college had lower odds of intending to receive the COVID-19 vaccine compared to those with a high school degree/GED (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36–0.97). Respondents who perceived the severity of the virus to be higher, perceived a greater COVID-19 vaccine benefit, and perceived greater general vaccine benefits had higher odds of intending to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09–1.91; AOR = 2.82, 95% CI: 2.24–3.56; AOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.41–2.21, respectively). Conclusions In this study, intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine varied across demographics, perceived virus severity, COVID-19 vaccine and general vaccine beliefs. Successful implementation of a COVID-19 immunization strategy by healthcare providers and public health officials will need to incorporate diverse COVID-19 vaccination education strategies tailored to patients' health beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette B Coe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Marissa H Elliott
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Sharon B S Gatewood
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jean-Venable R Goode
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Leticia R Moczygemba
- University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, 2408 University Avenue, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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612
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Anand P, Stahel VP. Review the safety of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines: a review. Patient Saf Surg 2021; 15:20. [PMID: 33933145 PMCID: PMC8087878 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-021-00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 100 million people globally within the first year of the pandemic. With a death toll surpassing 500,000 in the United States alone, containing the pandemic is predicated on achieving herd immunity on a global scale. This implies that at least 70-80 % of the population must achieve active immunity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), either as a result of a previous COVID-19 infection or by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In December 2020, the first two vaccines were approved by the FDA through emergency use authorization in the United States. These vaccines are based on the mRNA vaccine platform and were developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. Published safety and efficacy trials reported high efficacy rates of 94-95 % after two interval doses, in conjunction with limited side effects and a low rate of adverse reactions. The rapid pace of vaccine development and the uncertainty of potential long-term adverse effects raised some level of hesitation against mRNA vaccines in the global community. A successful vaccination campaign is contingent on widespread access to the vaccine under appropriate storage conditions, deployment of a sufficient number of vaccinators, and the willingness of the population to be vaccinated. Thus, it is important to clarify the objective data related to vaccine safety, including known side effects and potential adverse reactions. The present review was designed to provide an update on the current state of science related to the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Anand
- University of Colorado (CU) School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Vincent P Stahel
- University of Colorado (CU) Boulder Undergraduate Program, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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613
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Mascarenhas AK, Lucia VC, Kelekar A, Afonso NM. Dental students' attitudes and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccine. J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1504-1510. [PMID: 33913152 PMCID: PMC8242421 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentists are a group of providers who have been identified by CDC at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 through their contact with patients. This would apply to dental students as well. Thus, it is important to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination rates in this group. Further, as healthcare providers, they are entrusted with providing health recommendations and advocating for their patients, community, and profession, including vaccinations. METHODS Using ualtricsXM an online platform, in 2020, a survey was administered anonymously to dental students at three dental schools to assess the attitudes of dental students to the novel COVID-19 vaccine. Factors and reasons associated with vaccine hesitancy and acceptance toward the COVID-19 vaccine and likelihood of recommending and giving the vaccination to patients were assessed. RESULTS Nearly, all participants had positive attitudes toward vaccines in general, agreed they would likely be exposed to COVID-19, and personally knew someone who had COVID-19; however, only 56% are willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as an FDA-approved vaccine was available. Of those unwilling to take the vaccine, 63% reported they would take it if mandated by the health systems/dental school; however, 16.3% of the overall respondents would not take the COVID-19 vaccine even if mandated. Several factors are associated with vaccine acceptance and the likelihood of recommending the vaccination, such as trusting public health experts, concerns about side effects, and agreeing with vaccine mandates. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the need for an educational curriculum about the safety and effectiveness to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Mascarenhas
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Dental Medicine and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria C Lucia
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA
| | - Arati Kelekar
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA.,Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health System, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, Michigan, 48073, USA
| | - Nelia M Afonso
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA
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614
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Eibensteiner F, Ritschl V, Nawaz FA, Fazel SS, Tsagkaris C, Kulnik ST, Crutzen R, Klager E, Völkl-Kernstock S, Schaden E, Kletecka-Pulker M, Willschke H, Atanasov AG. People's Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 Despite Their Safety Concerns: Twitter Poll Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28973. [PMID: 33872185 PMCID: PMC8086789 DOI: 10.2196/28973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization's Emergency Committee declared the rapid, worldwide spread of COVID-19 a global health emergency. Since then, tireless efforts have been made to mitigate the spread of the disease and its impact, and these efforts have mostly relied on nonpharmaceutical interventions. By December 2020, the safety and efficacy of the first COVID-19 vaccines were demonstrated. The large social media platform Twitter has been used by medical researchers for the analysis of important public health topics, such as the public's perception on antibiotic use and misuse and human papillomavirus vaccination. The analysis of Twitter-generated data can be further facilitated by using Twitter's built-in, anonymous polling tool to gain insight into public health issues and obtain rapid feedback on an international scale. During the fast-paced course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Twitter polling system has provided a viable method for gaining rapid, large-scale, international public health insights on highly relevant and timely SARS-CoV-2-related topics. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to understand the public's perception on the safety and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in real time by using Twitter polls. METHODS We developed 2 Twitter polls to explore the public's views on available COVID-19 vaccines. The surveys were pinned to the Digital Health and Patient Safety Platform Twitter timeline for 1 week in mid-February 2021, and Twitter users and influencers were asked to participate in and retweet the polls to reach the largest possible audience. RESULTS The adequacy of COVID-19 vaccine safety (ie, the safety of currently available vaccines; poll 1) was agreed upon by 1579 out of 3439 (45.9%) Twitter users. In contrast, almost as many Twitter users (1434/3439, 41.7%) were unsure about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Only 5.2% (179/3439) of Twitter users rated the available COVID-19 vaccines as generally unsafe. Poll 2, which addressed the question of whether users would undergo vaccination, was answered affirmatively by 82.8% (2862/3457) of Twitter users, and only 8% (277/3457) categorically rejected vaccination at the time of polling. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the perceived high level of uncertainty about the safety of the available COVID-19 vaccines, we observed an elevated willingness to undergo vaccination among our study sample. Since people's perceptions and views are strongly influenced by social media, the snapshots provided by these media platforms represent a static image of a moving target. Thus, the results of this study need to be followed up by long-term surveys to maintain their validity. This is especially relevant due to the circumstances of the fast-paced pandemic and the need to not miss sudden rises in the incidence of vaccine hesitancy, which may have detrimental effects on the pandemic's course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eibensteiner
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Ritschl
- Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faisal A Nawaz
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sajjad S Fazel
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Stefan Tino Kulnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Klager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Völkl-Kernstock
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schaden
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Kletecka-Pulker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Ethics and Law in Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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615
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Abedin M, Islam MA, Rahman FN, Reza HM, Hossain MZ, Hossain MA, Arefin A, Hossain A. Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults: Understanding the strategies to optimize vaccination coverage. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250495. [PMID: 33905442 PMCID: PMC8078802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the approved COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective, mass vaccination in Bangladeshi people remains a challenge. As a vaccination effort, the study provided an empirical evidence on willingness to vaccinate by sociodemographic, clinical and regional differences in Bangladeshi adults. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis from a household survey of 3646 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in 8 districts of Bangladesh, from December 12, 2020, to January 7, 2021. Multinomial regression examined the impact of socio-demographic, clinical and healthcare-releated factors on hesitancy and reluctance of vaccination for COVID-19. RESULTS Of the 3646 respondents (2212 men [60.7%]; mean [sd] age, 37.4 [13.9] years), 74.6% reported their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 when a safe and effective vaccine is available without a fee, while 8.5% were reluctant to vaccinate. With a minimum fee, 46.5% of the respondents showed intent to vaccinate. Among the respondents, 16.8% reported adequate adherence to health safety regulations, and 35.5% reported high confidence in the country's healthcare system. The COVID-19 vaccine refusal was significantly high in elderly, rural, semi-urban, and slum communities, farmers, day-laborers, homemakers, low-educated group, and those who had low confidence in the country's healthcare system. Also, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was high in the elderly population, low-educated group, day-laborers, people with chronic diseases, and people with low confidence in the country's healthcare system. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of vaccine refusal and hesitancy was observed in rural people and slum dwellers in Bangladesh. The rural community and slum dwellers had a low literacy level, low adherence to health safety regulations and low confidence in healthcare system. The ongoing app-based registration for vaccination increased hesitancy and reluctancy in low-educated group. For rural, semi-urban, and slum people, outreach centers for vaccination can be established to ensure the vaccine's nearby availability and limit associated travel costs. In rural areas, community health workers, valued community-leaders, and non-governmental organizations can be utilized to motivate and educate people for vaccination against COVID-19. Further, emphasis should be given to the elderly and diseased people with tailored health messages and assurance from healthcare professionals. The media may play a responsible role with the vaccine education program and eliminate the social stigma about the vaccination. Finally, vaccination should be continued without a fee and thus Bangladesh's COVID vaccination program can become a model for other low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhazul Abedin
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Media Studies and Journalism, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Naz Rahman
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Adittya Arefin
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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616
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Shmueli L. Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:804. [PMID: 33902501 PMCID: PMC8075011 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aim to explore the intentions, motivators and barriers of the general public to vaccinate against COVID-19, using both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. METHODS An online survey was conducted among Israeli adults aged 18 years and older from May 24 to June 24, 2020. The survey included socio-demographic and health-related questions, questions related to HBM and TPB dimensions, and intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Associations between questionnaire variables and COVID-19 vaccination intention were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Eighty percent of 398 eligible respondents stated their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. A unified model including HBM and TPB predictor variables as well as demographic and health-related factors, proved to be a powerful predictor of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine, explaining 78% of the variance (adjusted R squared = 0.78). Men (OR = 4.35, 95% CI 1.58-11.93), educated respondents (OR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.44-8.67) and respondents who had received the seasonal influenza vaccine in the previous year (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.22-9.00) stated higher intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Participants were more likely to be willing to get vaccinated if they reported higher levels of perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 4.49, 95% CI 2.79-7.22), of perceived severity of COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.58-3.51) and of cues to action (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.38-2.87), according to HBM, and if they reported higher levels of subjective norms (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 2.15-4.30) and self-efficacy (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.54-2.72) according to TPB. Although half of the respondents reported they had not received influenza vaccine last year, 40% of them intended to receive influenza vaccine in the coming winter and 66% of them intended to receive COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Providing data on the public perspective and predicting intention for COVID-19 vaccination using HBM and TPB is important for health policy makers and healthcare providers and can help better guide compliance as the COVID-19 vaccine becomes available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Shmueli
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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617
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Luo S, Xin M, Wang S, Zhao J, Zhang G, Li L, Li L, Tak-fai Lau J. Behavioural intention of receiving COVID-19 vaccination, social media exposures and peer discussions in China. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e158. [PMID: 33888165 PMCID: PMC8267342 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate behavioural intentions to receive free and self-paid COVID-19 vaccinations (BICV-F and BICV-SP) among Chinese university students if the vaccine was 80% effective with rare mild side effects, to examine their associations with social media exposures and peer discussions regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and to explore the mediational role of perceived information sufficiency about COVID-19 vaccination. An online anonymous survey (N = 6922) was conducted in November 2020 in five Chinese provinces. Logistic regression and path analysis were adopted. The prevalence of BICV-F and BICV-SP were 78.1% and 57.7%. BICV-F was positively associated with the frequencies of passive social media exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.32, P < 0.001), active social media interaction (AOR = 1.13, P < 0.001) and peer discussions (AOR = 1.17, P < 0.001). Indirect effects of the three factors on BICV-F via perceived information sufficiency were all significant (P < 0.001). The direct effect of active social media interaction on BICV-F was significantly negative (P < 0.001). Similar associations/mediations were observed for BICV-SP. The COVID-19 vaccination intention of Chinese university students needs improvement. Boosting social media exposures and peer discussions may raise students' perceived information sufficiency and subsequently increase their vaccination intention. Considering the potential negative effect of active social media interaction, caution is needed when using social media to promote COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Luo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territory, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiqi Xin
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territory, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Graduate School of Baotou Medical College, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Liping Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Joseph Tak-fai Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territory, Hong Kong SAR, China
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618
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Tan J, Yoshida Y, Sheng-Kai Ma K, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Gender Differences in Health Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: An Empirical Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.04.14.21255448. [PMID: 33907766 PMCID: PMC8077589 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.14.21255448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces more severe symptoms and a higher mortality in men than in women. The role of biological sex in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is believed to explain this sex disparity. However, the contribution of gender factors that influence health protective behaviors and therefore health outcomes, remains poorly explored. METHODS We assessed the contributions of gender in attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic, using a hypothetical influenza pandemic data from the 2014 Taiwan Social Change Survey. Participants were selected through a stratified, three-stage probability proportional-to-size sampling from across the nation, to fill in questionnaires that asked about their perception of the hypothetical pandemic, and intention to adopt health protective behaviors. RESULTS A total of 1,990 participants (median age 45.92 years, 49% women) were included. Significant gender disparities (p<0.001) were observed. The risk perception of pandemic (OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.21-1.35, p<0.001), older age (1.06, 95%=1.05-1.07, p<0.001), female gender (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.09□1.27, p<0.001), higher education (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.06-1.13, p<0.001), and larger family size (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.06-1.15, p<0.001) were positively associated with health protective behaviors. The risk perception of pandemic (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.15-1.36), higher education (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.02-1.13, p<0.05), being married (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.01-1.36, p<0.05), and larger family size (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.25-1.42, p<0.001), were positively associated with intention to receive a vaccine. However, female gender was negatively associated with intention to receive a vaccine (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.75-0.90, p<0.01) and to comply with contact-tracing (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.90-1.00, p<0.05) compared to men. Living with children was also negatively associated with intention to receive vaccines (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.66-0.90, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study unveils gender differences in risk perception, health protective behaviors, vaccine hesitancy, and compliance with contact-tracing using a hypothetical viral pandemic. Gender-specific health education raising awareness of health protective behaviors may be beneficial to prevent future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tan
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yilin Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Southeast Louisiana VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Cross-sectional analysis of COVID-19 vaccine intention, perceptions and hesitancy across Latin America and the Caribbean. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 41:102059. [PMID: 33848692 PMCID: PMC8063600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Determinants of vaccine acceptance are multifactorial, complex, and in most cases, context-dependent. We determined the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination intention (VI) and fear of its adverse effects (FAE) as well as their associated factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods We conducted a secondary cross-sectional analysis of a database collected by the University of Maryland and Facebook. We included participants aged 18 and over from LAC surveyed, January 15 to February 1, 2021. We evaluated VI, FAE, sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 symptomatology, compliance with community mitigation strategies, food and economic insecurity, mental health evaluation and the influence in VI when recommended by different stakeholders. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with their 95%CIs. Results We analyzed 472,521 responses by Latin American adults, finding a VI and FAE prevalence of 80.0% and 81.2%, respectively. We found that female and non-binary genders were associated with a lower probability of VI and a higher probability of FAE. Besides, living in a town, village or rural area and economic insecurity was associated with a higher FAE probability. The fears of becoming seriously ill, a family member becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 and having depressive symptoms were associated with a higher probability of VI and FAE. Conclusion Eight out of 10 adults in LAC have VI and FAE. The factors identified are useful for the development of communication strategies to reduce FAE frequency. It is necessary to guarantee mass vaccination and support the return of economic activities.
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620
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Shen M, Zu J, Fairley CK, Pagán JA, An L, Du Z, Guo Y, Rong L, Xiao Y, Zhuang G, Li Y, Zhang L. Projected COVID-19 epidemic in the United States in the context of the effectiveness of a potential vaccine and implications for social distancing and face mask use. Vaccine 2021; 39:2295-2302. [PMID: 33771391 PMCID: PMC7914016 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple candidates of COVID-19 vaccines have entered Phase III clinical trials in the United States (US). There is growing optimism that social distancing restrictions and face mask requirements could be eased with widespread vaccine adoption soon. METHODS We developed a dynamic compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission for the four most severely affected states (New York, Texas, Florida, and California). We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness and coverage required to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic in scenarios when social contact was to return to pre-pandemic levels and face mask use was reduced. Daily and cumulative COVID-19 infection and death cases from 26th January to 15th September 2020 were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus resource center and used for model calibration. RESULTS Without a vaccine (scenario 1), the spread of COVID-19 could be suppressed in these states by maintaining strict social distancing measures and face mask use levels. But relaxing social distancing restrictions to the pre-pandemic level without changing the current face mask use would lead to a new COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in 0.8-4 million infections and 15,000-240,000 deaths across these four states over the next 12 months. Under this circumstance, introducing a vaccine (scenario 2) would partially offset this negative impact even if the vaccine effectiveness and coverage are relatively low. However, if face mask use is reduced by 50% (scenario 3), a vaccine that is only 50% effective (weak vaccine) would require coverage of 55-94% to suppress the epidemic in these states. A vaccine that is 80% effective (moderate vaccine) would only require 32-57% coverage to suppress the epidemic. In contrast, if face mask usage stops completely (scenario 4), a weak vaccine would not suppress the epidemic, and further major outbreaks would occur. A moderate vaccine with coverage of 48-78% or a strong vaccine (100% effective) with coverage of 33-58% would be required to suppress the epidemic. Delaying vaccination rollout for 1-2 months would not substantially alter the epidemic trend if the current non-pharmaceutical interventions are maintained. CONCLUSIONS The degree to which the US population can relax social distancing restrictions and face mask use will depend greatly on the effectiveness and coverage of a potential COVID-19 vaccine if future epidemics are to be prevented. Only a highly effective vaccine will enable the US population to return to life as it was before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwang Shen
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - José A Pagán
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li An
- Center for Complex Human-Environment Systems, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhanwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuming Guo
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yanni Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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621
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Reno C, Maietti E, Fantini MP, Savoia E, Manzoli L, Montalti M, Gori D. Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptance: Results from a Survey on Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:378. [PMID: 33924534 PMCID: PMC8070202 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2021, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still poses a threat to the global population, and is a public health challenge that needs to be overcome. Now more than ever, action is needed to tackle vaccine hesitancy, especially in light of the availability of effective and safe vaccines. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out on a representative random sample of 1011 citizens from the Emilia-Romagna region, in Italy, in January 2021. The questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, comorbidities, past vaccination refusal, COVID-19-related experiences, risk perception of infection, and likelihood to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Multiple logistic regression analyses and classification tree analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy and to distinguish groups with different levels of hesitancy. Overall, 31.1% of the sample reported hesitancy. Past vaccination refusal was the key discriminating variable followed by perceived risk of infection. Other significant predictors of hesitancy were: ages between 35 and 54 years, female gender, low educational level, low income, and absence of comorbidities. The most common concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine involved safety (54%) and efficacy (27%). Studying the main determinants of vaccine hesitancy can help with targeting vaccination strategies, in order to gain widespread acceptance-a key path to ensure a rapid way out of the current pandemic emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Reno
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Elisa Maietti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Elena Savoia
- Emergency Preparedness Research Evaluation & Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation & Leadership Development, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 01451, USA;
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.); (D.G.)
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622
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Wang PW, Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Chen IH, Yen CF, Kuo YJ, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Motivation to Have COVID-19 Vaccination Explained Using an Extended Protection Motivation Theory among University Students in China: The Role of Information Sources. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:380. [PMID: 33924604 PMCID: PMC8070343 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the present study were to examine the prediction of the threat and coping appraisal utilizing an extended protection motivation theory (PMT) for the motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination and the influence of various information sources on coping appraisal among university students in China. METHODS The sample comprised 3145 students from 43 universities in China who completed an online survey including PMT constructs as well as constructs added to PMT. The PMT constructs comprised motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal. The extended PMT constructs comprised knowledge about mechanisms and information sources of COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Perceived severity of COVID-19 was positively associated with motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination. Receiving information concerning COVID-19 vaccination from medical personnel was associated with greater self-efficacy, response efficacy, and knowledge, whereas receiving information concerning COVID-19 vaccination from coworkers/colleagues was associated with less response efficacy and knowledge. Receiving online information concerning COVID-19 vaccination was associated with greater response cost of vaccination efficacy and less knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This study supported the prediction of perceived severity in the PMT for motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination among university students in China. Vaccination information sources have different effects on students' coping appraisal of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Fujian Province University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 55318 Jönköping, Sweden;
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623
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Wang J, Feng Y, Hou Z, Lu Y, Chen H, Ouyang L, Wang N, Fu H, Wang S, Kan X, Liao Y, Lu G, Mao J, Lin J, Wu M. Willingness to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthcare workers in public institutions of Zhejiang Province, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2926-2933. [PMID: 33848217 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1909328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate healthcare workers' (HCWs) willingness to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Zhejiang and to discover the related influential factors. The survey was conducted in six regions of Zhejiang Province, China, and 13 hospitals and 12 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were incorporated into the survey research. Participants were healthcare workers and a total of 3726 questionnaires were collected online, of which 3634 (97.53%) were analyzed. The relationships between the factors and the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 were computed as odds ratios (ORs) by means of multi-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Of the 3634 participants, 2874 (79.09%) HCWs expressed their willingness to get vaccinated if the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine becomes available. Respondents who were younger than 50 years (OR = 1.502, 95% CI: 1.047-2.154), those who believed that they were somewhat likely (OR = 1.658, 95% CI: 1.297-2.120) or likely (OR = 1.893, 95% CI: 1.334-2.684) to get infected by SARS-COV-2 and those with a positive attitude toward the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were more willing to get vaccinated. Furthermore, compared to doctors, nurses were more reluctant to get vaccinated. In addition, it was found that higher the education level, lower the willingness to get vaccinated. This study revealed that HCWs in Zhejiang Province had a high willingness to get vaccinated. Awareness about the vaccine's effectiveness and safety and the disease severity should be promoted among HCWs over 50 years of age and nurses to increase the willingness to get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaling Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Lanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhigang Hou
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuzhong Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui, China
| | - Huihong Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanmen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China
| | - Le Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Changxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, China
| | - Nini Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Bingjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Kan
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Anji Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shensi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China
| | - Guofei Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Haining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jilai Mao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Junfen Lin
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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624
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Bai W, Cai H, Liu S, Liu H, Qi H, Chen X, Liu R, Cheung T, Su Z, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in Chinese college students. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1469-1475. [PMID: 33907510 PMCID: PMC8071773 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccination is an important preventative measure against the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. To implement vaccination and immunization programs effectively, it is essential to investigate public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. This study examined the attitudes of Chinese college students toward COVID-19 vaccines and their associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in college students nationwide from December 27, 2020 to January 18, 2021. Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and acceptance of future vaccination programs were assessed. Results: Totally, 2,881 college students participated in this survey; of them, 76.3% (95% CI: 74.8% - 77.9%) were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine in the future. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that students living in urban (OR=1.409, 95% CI: 1.152 - 1.724, p=0.001) and those studying health-related courses (OR=1.581, 95% CI: 1.291 - 1.935, p<0.001) were more likely to have a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, those who were worried about being infected with COVID-19 (very much vs no, OR=1.690, 95% CI: 1.212-2.356, p=0.002), heard previously about COVID-19 vaccines (OR=1.659, 95% CI: 1.268-2.170, p<0.001), believed that vaccines are safe (Yes vs No, OR=3.570, 95% CI: 1.825-6.980), thought that vaccines can protect people from being infected with COVID-19 (Yes vs No, OR=1.957, 95% CI: 1.286-2.979, p=0.002), and had encouraged their family and friends to have a vaccine (Yes vs No, OR=17.745, 95% CI: 12.271-25.660, p<0.001) had higher acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions: A high rate of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines was found among Chinese college students. However, vaccine uptake may be reduced by concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. Alleviating these concerns and enhancing public confidence in vaccines are crucial for future immunization programs against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shou Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Han Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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625
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Dorman C, Perera A, Condon C, Chau C, Qian J, Kalk K, DiazDeleon D. Factors Associated with Willingness to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19 in a Large Convenience Sample. J Community Health 2021; 46:1013-1019. [PMID: 33835369 PMCID: PMC8033546 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-00987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Willingness and reasons to be vaccinated against COVID-19 were examined among 26,324 respondents who completed a survey on willingness and questions related to Confidence in vaccine safety, Complacency about the disease, Convenience of vaccination, tendency to Calculate risks versus benefits, and Concern for protecting others. Willingness to be vaccinated differed by age (p < 0.001), by race and ethnicity (p < 0.001) and by level of education (p < 0.001). Willingness generally increased with age and education. Asians were most willing to be vaccinated, followed by non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Blacks (p < 0.001). Occupational groups differed in willingness (p < 0.001). Retired and students were more willing than all others (p < 0.001) followed by disabled or unemployed, healthcare workers, and educators. First Responders were least willing to be vaccinated (p < 0.001) followed by construction, maintenance and landscaping, homemakers, housekeeping, cleaning and janitorial workers, and retail and food service. The strongest predictor of willingness was confidence with the safety of the vaccine (r = 0.723, p < 0.001), followed by concern with protecting others by being vaccinated (r = 0.574, p < 0.001), and believing COVID-19 was serious enough to merit vaccination (r = 0.478, p < 0.00). Using multiple regression, confidence in safety was the strongest predictor for all groups. Protecting others was strongest for 13 of 15 demographic groups and 8 of 11 occupational groups. College educated, non-Hispanic Whites, first responders, construction, maintenance and landscape workers, housekeeping, cleaning and janitorial workers all gave greater weight to complacency about the disease. These results can help in designing programs to combat vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Dorman
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, CA, 92660, USA.
| | - Anthony Perera
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, CA, 92660, USA
| | - Curt Condon
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, CA, 92660, USA
| | - Clayton Chau
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, CA, 92660, USA
| | - Jenny Qian
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, CA, 92660, USA
| | - Karin Kalk
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, CA, 92660, USA
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626
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Jaspal R, Breakwell GM. Social support, perceived risk and the likelihood of COVID-19 testing and vaccination: cross-sectional data from the United Kingdom. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:492-504. [PMID: 33846675 PMCID: PMC8026809 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two samples of 227 and 214 adults completed surveys of social support, perceived risk of COVID-19 and COVID-19 preventive activity - in Study 1 likelihood of testing was examined and in Study 2 likelihood of both testing and vaccination were examined during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Path analysis showed, in Study 1, that access to help (as an indicator of social support) had a direct effect on likelihood of testing and indirect effects through self-efficacy, perceived risk and preventive behavior; and, in Study 2, that neighborhood identification (as an indicator of social support) had a direct effect on likelihood of testing and indirect effects on likelihood of both testing and vaccination through the mediators of strength of social network, loneliness, perceived risk of COVID-19, and preventive activity. Both studies suggest that level of social support (conceptualized in different ways) is an important determinant of COVID-19 testing and Study 2 shows it is also a determinant of likelihood of vaccination. As resurgences of COVID-19 occur, it will be necessary to monitor the likelihood of COVID-19 testing and vaccination behaviors and, especially, to promote confidence in the latter in individuals with decreased access to social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusi Jaspal
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1-4FQ UK
| | - Glynis M. Breakwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College, London, UK
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627
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AlAwadhi E, Zein D, Mallallah F, Bin Haider N, Hossain A. Monitoring COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Kuwait During the Pandemic: Results from a National Serial Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1413-1429. [PMID: 33854390 PMCID: PMC8041648 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With COVD-19 cases on the rise globally and two approved vaccines, determining vaccine acceptance is imperative to avoid low inoculation rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes and determinants of vaccine acceptance among citizens and non-citizens, over time during the pandemic in Kuwait. Methods Data were obtained from the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO Kuwait) study that was implemented according to the WHO tool for behavioral insights on COVID-19. Data was collected online, every two weeks throughout the pandemic. Individuals living in Kuwait during the pandemic were surveyed, representing an independent sample of the population during each data collection wave. Results A total of 7241 adults living in Kuwait participated. Sixty-seven percent of those participating agreed to take a vaccine if it was available and recommended. However, the proportion of vaccine acceptance drastically dropped overtime as COVID-19 related restrictions were eased, among citizens (73 to 47%) and noncitizens (80 to 60%). Some factors associated with increased odds of agreeing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, among citizens and non-citizens, included increased frequency of informing oneself about the virus (OR, 1.34–1.83; 95% confidence interval 1.16–2.55), having high versus low confidence in doctors (OR, 1.79–2.11; CI 1.17–3.80), increased agreement with containment policies (OR, 1.11–1.27; CI 1.05–1.41), expressing more fears and worries (OR, 1.05–1.12; 1.01–1.24), and the increased perceived likelihood of getting infected with influenza (OR, 1.3–1.4; CI 1.03–1.84). Decreased odds of agreement were associated with increased age (OR, 0.37–0.61; CI 0.26–0.95), being female (OR, 0.56–0.62; CI 0.43–0.73), and not taking the influenza vaccine in 2019 (OR, 0.61; CI 0.43–0.87). Conclusion Vaccine acceptance was multifactorial, heterogenous among citizens and non-citizens, and changed over time. While acceptance was relatively high, it decreased throughout the pandemic and as restrictions in the country loosened. This increase in vaccine hesitancy reveals a challenge in achieving high inoculation levels, and the need for effective vaccine-promotion campaigns and increased health education in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman AlAwadhi
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dina Zein
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Nour Bin Haider
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anower Hossain
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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628
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Allen JD, Abuelezam NN, Rose R, Fontenot HB. Factors associated with the intention to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of women in the USA. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:785-792. [PMID: 33769536 PMCID: PMC8083705 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is critical to halt the pandemic. At present, little is known about factors that will affect vaccine uptake, especially among diverse racial/ethnic communities that have experienced the highest burden of COVID. We administered an online survey to a Qualtrics respondent panel of women ages 27-45 years (N = 396) to assess vaccine intentions and attitudes, and trusted vaccine information sources. 56.8% intended to be vaccinated and 25.5% were unsure. In bivariate analyses, a greater percentage of non-Latina White (NLW) and Chinese women reported that they would be vaccinated, compared with Latina and non-Latina Black (NLB) women (p < 0.001). Those who were uninsured, unemployed and those with lower incomes were less likely to say that they would be vaccinated. In analyses stratified by race/ethnicity, NLB women remained significantly less likely to report that they would be vaccinated compared with NLW women (adjusted odds ratio: 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.94), controlling for age, marital status, income, education, employment, and insurance status. When analyses were additionally controlled for beliefs in vaccine safety and efficacy, racial/ethnic differences were no longer significant (adjusted odds ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 1.34). Given that NLB women were less likely to report the intention to be vaccinated, targeted efforts will be needed to promote vaccine uptake. It will be critical to emphasize that the vaccine is safe and effective; this message may be best delivered by trusted community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Allen
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Rose
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Holly B Fontenot
- School of Nursing & Dental Hygiene, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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629
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When politics collides with public health: COVID-19 vaccine country of origin and vaccination acceptance in Brazil. Vaccine 2021; 39:2608-2612. [PMID: 33846045 PMCID: PMC8023202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effect of the country of origin of the vaccine on vaccination acceptance against COVID-19. More specifically, we show how the political context in Brazil has affected acceptance of vaccines produced in China, Russia, the US, and England at the University of Oxford. Our data come from a survey experiment applied to a national sample of 2771 adult Brazilians between September 23 and October 2, 2020. We find greater rejection among Brazilians for vaccines developed in China and Russia, as compared to vaccines from the US or England. We also find that rejection of the Chinese-developed vaccine is particularly strong among those who support President Jair Bolsonaro—a COVID-19 denier and strong critic of China and vaccination, in general.
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630
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Ridda I, Chamberlain R, Haber R, Rashid H. Letter to the editor to: Verger P and Dubé E. Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era, expert review of vaccines, 2020; 19(11):991-3. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:479-481. [PMID: 33740876 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1903880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ridda
- Public Health, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Tx, USA
| | | | - Rita Haber
- Public Health, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Tx, USA
| | - Harunor Rashid
- National Center for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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631
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Zimet GD, Silverman RD, Fortenberry JD. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: Prospects and Challenges. J Pediatr 2021; 231:254-258. [PMID: 33161025 PMCID: PMC7644179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Zimet
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Reprint requests: Gregory D. Zimet, PhD, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10 St, HS 1001, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ross D. Silverman
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN,Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
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632
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Catma S, Varol S. Willingness to Pay for a Hypothetical COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States: A Contingent Valuation Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040318. [PMID: 33915680 PMCID: PMC8065984 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 vaccine and evaluate its predictors in the United States. A double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation with open-ended question technique was implemented based on the responses to a national survey administered during the first week of November 2020. The final sample size was 1285. The results showed that individual WTP values increased with income, whether a household member had any pre-existing condition, and perceived threat of the virus. The vaccine efficacy rate and duration of protection were found to be important factors for the respondents. The mean WTP for a vaccine with a 95 percent efficacy rate and 3-year protection (US$318.76) was approximately 35 percent greater than the vaccine with a 50 percent efficacy rate and 1-year protection (US$236.85). The initial aggregate direct benefit of the current vaccination program was estimated to be between 20 and 35.6 billion US dollars depending on the vaccine protection duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Catma
- Department of Business Administration, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1 University Blvd, Hargray 224, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-282-7878
| | - Serkan Varol
- Department of Engineering, Management and Technology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, EMCS 235, 615 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA;
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633
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Hetherington E, Edwards SA, MacDonald SE, Racine N, Madigan S, McDonald S, Tough S. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination intentions among mothers of children aged 9 to 12 years: a survey of the All Our Families cohort. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E548-E555. [PMID: 34021012 PMCID: PMC8177949 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical to achieving high levels of immunization. The objectives of this study were to understand mothers' SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions to explore reasons for and against SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS Participants from the All Our Families pregnancy longitudinal cohort whose children had reached ages 9-12 years were invited in May-June 2020 to complete a survey on the impact of COVID-19. The survey covered topics about the impact of the pandemic and included 2 specific questions on mothers' intentions to vaccinate their child against SARS-CoV-2. Current responses were linked to previously collected data, including infant vaccine uptake. Multinomial regression models were run to estimate associations between demographic factors, past vaccination status and vaccination intention. Qualitative responses regarding factors affecting decision-making were analyzed thematically. RESULTS The response rate was 53.8% (1321/2455). A minority of children of participants had partial or no vaccinations at age 2 (n = 200, 15.1%). A total of 60.4% of mothers (n = 798) intended to vaccinate their children with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 8.6% (n = 113) did not intend to vaccinate and 31.0% (n = 410) were unsure. Lower education, lower income and incomplete vaccination history were inversely associated with intention to vaccinate. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses showed 10 themes, including safety and efficacy, long-term effects and a rushed process. INTERPRETATION Within a cohort with historically high infant vaccination, a third of mothers remained unsure about vaccinating their children against SARS-CoV-2. Given the many uncertainties about future SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, clear communication regarding safety will be critical to ensuring vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hetherington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta.
| | - Sarah A Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta
| | - Shannon E MacDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta
| | - Nicole Racine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Hetherington), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Hetherington), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Edwards, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Pediatrics (MacDonald, McDonald, Tough), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Nursing (MacDonald), University of Alberta; Department of Psychology (Racine, Madigan, Tough), University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Racine, Madigan), Calgary, Alta
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634
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequency of vaccine refusal, which is associated with many factors, is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to predict the frequency of vaccine refusal against domestic and foreign COVID-19 vaccines and identify the factors underlying refusal. METHODS A survey consisting of 16 questions about COVID-19 vaccination was conducted either face-to-face or online with 428 parents who agreed to participate in the study. The parents had children who were inpatients or outpatients in the Children's Hospital of Ankara City Hospital. In the survey, parents were asked about family sociodemographic characteristics, opinions on domestic and foreign COVID-19 vaccines, and reasons for vaccine refusal. RESULTS While 66.1% of parents were reluctant to receive foreign COVID-19 vaccines, only 37.4% were reluctant to receive domestic COVID-19 vaccines. The participants' preference for the domestic vaccine was significantly higher for themselves and their children (P < 0.05). Women were less likely to be willing to receive foreign vaccines than men (P < 0.05). As the education level increased, fewer parents preferred the domestic vaccine for themselves (P = 0.046) and their children (P = 0.005). Both domestic and foreign vaccine acceptability for parents and their children was higher among parents with high anxiety levels regarding COVID-19 infection (P < 0.05). The most common reasons for refusal were anxiety about vaccine side effects, lack of knowledge about the effectiveness of vaccines, and distrust of vaccines originating from abroad. CONCLUSION Most of the participants were hesitant about COVID-19 vaccines. This study demonstrates that vaccine uptake can be increased by considering the higher preference for domestic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Yigit
- From the Pediatrics Department, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslinur Ozkaya-Parlakay
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Senel
- Pediatric Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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635
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Singhania N, Kathiravan S, Pannu AK. Acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine among health-care personnel in India: a cross-sectional survey during the initial phase of vaccination. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1064-1066. [PMID: 33798698 PMCID: PMC8010326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Singhania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sanjana Kathiravan
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ashok K Pannu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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636
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Saied SM, Saied EM, Kabbash IA, Abdo SAEF. Vaccine hesitancy: Beliefs and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccination among Egyptian medical students. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4280-4291. [PMID: 33644891 PMCID: PMC8013865 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy poses serious challenges for achieving coverage for population immunity. It is necessary to achieve high COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance rates and medical students’ coverage as future health care providers. The study aimed to explore the level of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and determine the factors and barriers that may affect vaccination decision‐making. Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out among medical students in Tanta and Kafrelsheikh Universities, Egypt. Data collection was done via an online questionnaire during January 2021 from 2133 students. Results The majority of the participant students (90.5%) perceived the importance of the COVID‐19 vaccine, 46% had vaccination hesitancy, and an equal percentage (6%) either definitely accepted or refused the vaccine. Most of the students had concerns regarding the vaccine's adverse effects (96.8%) and ineffectiveness (93.2%). The most confirmed barriers of COVID‐19 vaccination were deficient data regarding the vaccine's adverse effects (potential 74.17% and unknown 56.31%) and insufficient information regarding the vaccine itself (72.76%). Conclusion The government, health authority decision‐makers, medical experts, and universities in Egypt need to work together and make efforts to reduce hesitancy and raise awareness about vaccinations, consequently improving the acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M Saied
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman M Saied
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Ali Kabbash
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Abd El-Fatah Abdo
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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637
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Edwards B, Biddle N, Gray M, Sollis K. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: Correlates in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the Australian population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248892. [PMID: 33760836 PMCID: PMC7990228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of vaccination coverage in populations will be required even with vaccines that have high levels of effectiveness to prevent and stop outbreaks of coronavirus. The World Health Organisation has suggested that governments take a proactive response to vaccine hesitancy 'hotspots' based on social and behavioural insights. METHODS Representative longitudinal online survey of over 3000 adults from Australia that examines the demographic, attitudinal, political and social attitudes and COVID-19 health behavior correlates of vaccine hesitance and resistance to a COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS Overall, 59% would definitely get the vaccine, 29% had low levels of hesitancy, 7% had high levels of hesitancy and 6% were resistant. Females, those living in disadvantaged areas, those who reported that risks of COVID-19 was overstated, those who had more populist views and higher levels of religiosity were more likely to be hesitant or resistant while those who had higher levels of household income, those who had higher levels of social distancing, who downloaded the COVID-Safe App, who had more confidence in their state or territory government or confidence in their hospitals, or were more supportive of migration were more likely to intend to get vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that vaccine hesitancy, which accounts for a significant proportion of the population can be addressed by public health messaging but for a significant minority of the population with strongly held beliefs, alternative policy measures may well be needed to achieve sufficient vaccination coverage to end the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Edwards
- ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas Biddle
- ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Gray
- ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Sollis
- ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Melbourne, Australia
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638
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Soares P, Rocha JV, Moniz M, Gama A, Laires PA, Pedro AR, Dias S, Leite A, Nunes C. Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 33810131 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030300.pmid:33810131;pmcid:pmc8004673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and decrease hesitancy. Hence, this study aims to assess and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal. We used data from a community-based survey, "COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion", which includes data regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccines, health status, and risk perception in Portugal from September 2020 to January 2021. We used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal was high: 56% would wait and 9% refuse. Several factors were associated with both refusal and delay: being younger, loss of income during the pandemic, no intention of taking the flu vaccine, low confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and the health service response during the pandemic, worse perception of government measures, perception of the information provided as inconsistent and contradictory, and answering the questionnaire before the release of information regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. It is crucial to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as its perceived safety and efficacy were strongly associated with intention to take the vaccine. Governments and health authorities should improve communication and increase trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soares
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Victor Rocha
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Moniz
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Gama
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida Laires
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pedro
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Dias
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
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639
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Soares P, Rocha JV, Moniz M, Gama A, Laires PA, Pedro AR, Dias S, Leite A, Nunes C. Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:300. [PMID: 33810131 PMCID: PMC8004673 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and decrease hesitancy. Hence, this study aims to assess and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal. We used data from a community-based survey, "COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion", which includes data regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccines, health status, and risk perception in Portugal from September 2020 to January 2021. We used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal was high: 56% would wait and 9% refuse. Several factors were associated with both refusal and delay: being younger, loss of income during the pandemic, no intention of taking the flu vaccine, low confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and the health service response during the pandemic, worse perception of government measures, perception of the information provided as inconsistent and contradictory, and answering the questionnaire before the release of information regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. It is crucial to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as its perceived safety and efficacy were strongly associated with intention to take the vaccine. Governments and health authorities should improve communication and increase trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soares
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Victor Rocha
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Moniz
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Gama
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida Laires
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pedro
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Dias
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
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640
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Nicholas S, Leng A, Maitland E, Wang J. COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Chinese Adults under the Free Vaccination Policy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030292. [PMID: 33801136 PMCID: PMC8004171 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: China will provide free coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations for the entire population. This study analyzed the COVID-19 vaccination willingness rate (VWR) and its determinants under China’s free vaccination policy compared to a paid vaccine. (2) Methods: Data on 2377 respondents were collected through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to explore the correlation between the VWR and its determinants. (3) Results: China’s free vaccination policy for COVID-19 increased the VWR from 73.62% to 82.25% of the respondents. Concerns about the safety and side-effects were the primary reason for participants’ unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Age, medical insurance and vaccine safety were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for both the paid and free vaccine. Income, occupation and vaccine effectiveness were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for the free vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Free vaccinations increased the COVID-19 VWR significantly. People over the age of 58 and without medical insurance should be treated as the target intervention population for improving the COVID-19 VWR. Contrary to previous research, high-income groups and professional workers should be intervention targets to improve the COVID-19 VWR. Strengthening nationwide publicity and education on COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness are recommended policies for decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Liu
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia;
- Research Institute for International Strategies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
- School of Economics and School of Management, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anli Leng
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Institute of Governance, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Elizabeth Maitland
- School of Management, University of Liverpool, Chatham Building, Chatham Street, Liverpool L69 7ZH, UK;
| | - Jian Wang
- Dong Fureng Economic and Social Development School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Center for Health Economics and Management, School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence:
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641
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Alvarado-Socarras JL, Vesga-Varela AL, Quintero-Lesmes DC, Fama-Pereira MM, Serrano-Diaz NC, Vasco M, Carballo-Zarate V, Zambrano LI, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Perception of COVID-19 Vaccination Amongst Physicians in Colombia. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:287. [PMID: 33808918 PMCID: PMC8003713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the need to develop rapidly effective and safe vaccines to prevent infection, particularly in those at-risk populations such as medical personnel. This study's objective was to assess the perception of COVID-19 vaccination amongst Colombian physicians featuring two different scenarios of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out through an online survey directed at medical staff in several cities in Colombia. The percentage of physicians who have a positive perception to be vaccinated and the associated factors that determine that decision were determined. A binomial regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was carried out, taking as a dependent variable the acceptance of free vaccination with an effectiveness of 60 and 80%. The most significant factors were determined in the non-acceptance of vaccination. Results: Between 77.0% and 90.7% of physicians in Colombia accept COVID-19 vaccination, according to the scenario evaluated where the vaccine's effectiveness was 60 or 80%, respectively. Medical specialty, having never paid for a vaccine, recommending the administration of the vaccine to their parents or people over 70 years, and dispensing the vaccine to their children, were the factors to consider to be vaccinated for free with an effectiveness of 60% and 80%. Conclusions: There is a high perception of the intention to vaccinate physicians in Colombia against COVID-19, and this is very similar to that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Alvarado-Socarras
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Calle 155A No. 23–58, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (J.L.A.-S.); (D.C.Q.-L.); (N.C.S.-D.)
| | | | - Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Calle 155A No. 23–58, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (J.L.A.-S.); (D.C.Q.-L.); (N.C.S.-D.)
| | - Marcela M. Fama-Pereira
- Hospital Departamental del Quindio, San Juan de Dios, Universidad del Quindio, Armenia, Quindio 630004, Colombia;
| | - Norma C. Serrano-Diaz
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Calle 155A No. 23–58, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (J.L.A.-S.); (D.C.Q.-L.); (N.C.S.-D.)
| | - Mauricio Vasco
- Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Bogotá 110911, Colombia;
| | | | - Lysien I. Zambrano
- Unit of Scientific Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia;
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia;
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Institutode Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Barquisimeto 3001, Venezuela
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia;
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo, Cochabamba 4780, Bolivia
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642
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Di Giuseppe G, Pelullo CP, Della Polla G, Pavia M, Angelillo IF. Exploring the Willingness to Accept SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in a University Population in Southern Italy, September to November 2020. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:275. [PMID: 33803730 PMCID: PMC8003195 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding whether members of the university population are willing to receive a future vaccination against COVID-19 and identifying barriers may help public health authorities to develop effective strategies and interventions to contain COVID-19. This cross-sectional study explored the willingness to accept a future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a university population in Southern Italy. The perceived risk level of developing COVID-19 was 6.5 and it was significantly higher among females, younger subjects, and those who agreed/strongly agreed that COVID-19 is a severe disease. Only 21.4% of respondents were not worried at all regarding the safety of the vaccine. Males, not being married/cohabitant, being a faculty member, those who perceived a lower risk of developing COVID-19, and those who did not need information regarding the vaccination against COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have no concern at all regarding the safety of the vaccine. The vast majority (84.1%) were willing to receive a future vaccine against COVID-19. Almost coherently with predictors of concern on the safety of the vaccine, being male, not being married/cohabitant, being a faculty member, not being concerned at all that COVID-19 vaccination might not be safe, and agreeing that COVID-19 can have serious health consequences were significant predictors of the willingness to receive the vaccine against COVID-19. A considerable proportion of the population had a positive willingness to receive the future COVID-19 vaccine, although some concerns have been expressed regarding the effectiveness and safety and public health activities seem necessary to achieve the rate that can lead to the protection of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Di Giuseppe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Concetta Paola Pelullo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Giorgia Della Polla
- Health Direction, Teaching Hospital of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 104, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Pavia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Italo Francesco Angelillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
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643
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Social norms and vaccine uptake: College students' COVID vaccination intentions, attitudes, and estimated peer norms and comparisons with influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2021; 39:2060-2067. [PMID: 33741191 PMCID: PMC7965606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Vaccination may be critical to curtailing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, but herd immunity can only be realized with high vaccination coverage. There is a need to identify empirically supported strategies to increase uptake, especially among young adults as this subpopulation has shown relatively poor adherence to physical distancing guidelines. Social norms – estimates of peers’ behavior and attitudes – are robust predictors of health behaviors and norms-based intervention strategies may increase COVID vaccine uptake, once available. This study examined the extent that vaccination intentions and attitudes were associated with estimated social norms as an initial proof-of-concept test. Method In November of 2020, 647 undergraduate students (46.21% response rate) completed online surveys in which they reported intentions to get COVID and influenza vaccines, perceived importance of these vaccines for young adults, and estimated social norms regarding peers’ vaccination behaviors and attitudes. Results Students reported significantly greater intentions to get a COVID vaccine (91.64%) than an influenza vaccine (76.04%), and perceived COVID vaccination as significantly more important than influenza vaccination. The sample generally held strong intentions to receive a COVID vaccine and thought that doing so was of high importance, but participants, on average, perceived that other young adults would be less likely to be vaccinated and would not think vaccination was as important. Multiple regression models indicated that estimated social norms were positively associated with participants’ own intentions and perceived importance of getting a COVID vaccine. Conclusions These significant associations highlight the potential value in developing and testing norms-based intervention strategies, such as personalized normative feedback, to improve uptake of forthcoming COVID vaccines among young adults.
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644
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How to Face the Advent of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in IBD Patients: Another Task for Gastroenterologists. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030248. [PMID: 33808983 PMCID: PMC7999188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection since this seems to be the most effective strategy to counter the pandemic. In the past weeks, the administration of vaccines has started in different parts of the world sustaining the hype of significantly containing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the rapid time lapse from vaccine development to distribution has raised several concerns on its safety and efficacy. This topic is particularly felt by patients with chronic conditions and immumodulating therapies that could compromise their immune system such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we explore the potential future implications of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines introduction in the IBD field, touching upon the clinical experience coming from available data on vaccinations against other infections. We also dissect the factors associated with the acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, describing the possible strategies that gastroenterologist should adopt to reach the highest rate of vaccinations in IBD patients.
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645
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Kukreti S, Lu MY, Lin YH, Strong C, Lin CY, Ko NY, Chen PL, Ko WC. Willingness of Taiwan's Healthcare Workers and Outpatients to Vaccinate against COVID-19 during a Period without Community Outbreaks. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:246. [PMID: 33808950 PMCID: PMC8000386 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To control the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID-19 vaccination has been quickly developed. However, the COVID-19 pandemic will not be controlled if the COVID-19 vaccination uptake willingness is low. Therefore, the study aim was to explore the COVID-19 vaccination uptake willingness among the outpatient population and healthcare workers in Taiwan during the worldwide pandemic period without community outbreaks. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs; n = 500; mean age = 32.96 years) of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) and outpatients (n = 238; mean age = 34.43 years) arriving at NCKUH. We used an online survey conducted between September 24 and 21 November 2020, for healthcare workers, and between 27 October and 31 December 2020, for the outpatient sample. Information regarding willingness to receive vaccination, willingness to rapid test, fear of COVID-19, risk perception, and preventive behaviors was collected in both samples; information regarding willingness to care for patients was collected in healthcare workers. Willingness to receive vaccination was the main variable in the present study; willingness to rapid test, willingness to care for patients, fear of COVID-19, risk perception, and preventive behaviors were the secondary variables in the study. The factors associated with vaccination willingness were identified through logistic regression analysis. The participants' willingness to receive vaccination was low for both healthcare workers (23.4%) and the outpatient sample (30.7%). Similarly, their willingness to take rapid tests was low (23.6% for healthcare workers and 28.6% for outpatient sample). Risk perception (crude odds ratio (COR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03, 1.63), willingness to take rapid test (COR = 9.24; 95% CI = 5.76, 14.83), and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors (COR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.52, 3.56) were significant factors explaining the healthcare workers' willingness to receive vaccination. Willingness to take a rapid test (COR = 8.91; 95% CI = 4.71, 16.87) and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors (COR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.60) were significant factors explaining the outpatient sample's willingness to receive vaccination. Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among HCWs and outpatients is low due to the relatively safe status of COVID-19 infection in Taiwan. These findings can help policymakers advocate for the effectiveness of and provide transparent information on COVID-19 vaccination uptake in a country/region with a relatively safe COVID-19 outbreak status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kukreti
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.K.); (M.-Y.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Mei-Yun Lu
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.K.); (M.-Y.L.); (C.S.)
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.K.); (M.-Y.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (N.-Y.K.)
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Center for Infection Control, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (W.-C.K.)
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Center for Infection Control, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (W.-C.K.)
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646
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Zhang KC, Fang Y, Cao H, Chen H, Hu T, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang Z. Behavioral Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccination Among Chinese Factory Workers: Cross-sectional Online Survey. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24673. [PMID: 33646966 PMCID: PMC7945977 DOI: 10.2196/24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines will become available in China soon. Understanding communities' responses to the forthcoming COVID-19 vaccines is important. We applied the theory of planned behavior as the theoretical framework. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the prevalence of and factors associated with behavioral intention to receive self-financed or free COVID-19 vaccinations among Chinese factory workers who resumed work during the pandemic. We examined the effects of factors including sociodemographics, perceptions related to COVID-19 vaccination, exposure to information about COVID-19 vaccination through social media, and COVID-19 preventive measures implemented by individuals and factories. METHODS Participants were full-time employees 18 years or older who worked in factories in Shenzhen. Factory workers in Shenzhen are required to receive a physical examination annually. Eligible workers attending six physical examination sites were invited to complete a survey on September 1-7, 2020. Out of 2653 eligible factory workers, 2053 (77.4%) completed the online survey. Multivariate two-level logistic regression models and ordinal logistic regression models were fitted. RESULTS The prevalence of behavioral intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination was 66.6% (n=1368, conditional on 80% vaccine efficacy and market rate) and 80.6% (n=1655, conditional on 80% vaccine efficacy and free vaccines). After adjusting for significant background characteristics, positive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.25 and AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.19-1.30), perceived support from significant others for getting a COVID-19 vaccination (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32-1.55 and AOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.25-1.50), and perceived behavioral control to get a COVID-19 vaccination (AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.32-1.73 and AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.51) were positively associated with both dependent variables (conditional on 80% vaccine efficacy and market rate or free vaccines, respectively). Regarding social media influence, higher frequency of exposure to positive information related to COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a higher intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination at market rate (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.39-1.70) or a free vaccination (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.35-1.71). Higher self-reported compliance with wearing a face mask in the workplace (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02-1.58 and AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.24-2.27) and other public spaces (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.42-2.29 and AOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01-1.77), hand hygiene (AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.00-1.47 and AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19-1.93), and avoiding social gatherings (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47 and AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23-1.95) and crowded places (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.51 and AOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37-2.18) were also positively associated with both dependent variables. The number of COVID-19 preventive measures implemented by the factory was positively associated with the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination under both scenarios (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12 and AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11). CONCLUSIONS Factory workers in China reported a high behavioral intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. The theory of planned behavior is a useful framework to guide the development of future campaigns promoting COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chun Zhang
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - He Cao
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbiao Chen
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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647
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COVID-19 vaccines: rapid development, implications, challenges and future prospects. Hum Cell 2021; 34:711-733. [PMID: 33677814 PMCID: PMC7937046 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people and put an unparalleled burden on healthcare systems as well as economies throughout the world. Currently, there is no decisive therapy for COVID-19 or related complications. The only hope to mitigate this pandemic is through vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines are being developed rapidly, compared to traditional vaccines, and are being approved via Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) worldwide. So far, there are 232 vaccine candidates. One hundred and seventy-two are in preclinical development and 60 in clinical development, of which 9 are approved under EUA by different countries. This includes the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Canada, Russia, China, and India. Distributing vaccination to all, with a safe and efficacious vaccine is the leading priority for all nations to combat this COVID-19 pandemic. However, the current accelerated process of COVID-19 vaccine development and EUA has many unanswered questions. In addition, the change in strain of SARS-CoV-2 in UK and South Africa, and its increasing spread across the world have raised more challenges, both for the vaccine developers as well as the governments across the world. In this review, we have discussed the different type of vaccines with examples of COVID-19 vaccines, their rapid development compared to the traditional vaccine, associated challenges, and future prospects.
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648
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Serrazina F, Sobral Pinho A, Cabral G, Salavisa M, Correia AS. Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19: An exploratory online survey in a Portuguese cohort of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51:102880. [PMID: 33740481 PMCID: PMC7932878 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Little is known about MS patients’ acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine. Objective and methods An online survey was conducted among MS patients to study COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and its associated factors. Results and conclusion Among 256 participants, 80.9% of the patients were either definitely or probably willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Most hesitant patients would consider being vaccinated under physician recommendation. Older patients and those with comorbidities seem to be more willing to get vaccinated. Moreover, vaccine acceptability was associated with participants’ convictions and concerns about COVID-19, as well as previous vaccination practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Serrazina
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - André Sobral Pinho
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cabral
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Salavisa
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Correia
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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649
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Alfageeh EI, Alshareef N, Angawi K, Alhazmi F, Chirwa GC. Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine among the Saudi Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:226. [PMID: 33807732 PMCID: PMC7999879 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the associated factors underlying vaccination intentions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults 18 years or over in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between 8 and 14 December 2020. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine and identify the variables associated with vaccination intentions for COVID-19, with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) also calculated. A total of 2137 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, about 48% of Saudi adults were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants had stronger intentions to receive a vaccination if they resided in the southern region (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.21-3.14), received the seasonal influenza vaccination in the past (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.17-1.97), believed in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination (OR: 45.07; 95% CI: 31.91-63.65), or reported high levels of concern about contracting COVID-19 (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.29-2.81). Participants were less likely to have an intention to be vaccinated if they had a history of vaccine refusal (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.19-0.40). The low acceptance rate among the Saudi population should be targeted with multifaceted interventions aimed at raising awareness and emphasizing the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ibrahim Alfageeh
- Primary Health Care Centers Affairs Administration, East Jeddah General Hospital, Jeddah 22253, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noor Alshareef
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Khadijah Angawi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fahad Alhazmi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.)
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Taylor T, Yazdany J, Gianfrancesco MA. The racial/ethnic and sociocultural aspects of the pandemic in rheumatology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2021; 35:101665. [PMID: 33648855 PMCID: PMC7891072 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The disproportionate impact of coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) on communities of color is gaining global attention. Current research demonstrates that historically marginalized populations are experiencing disproportionate levels of SARS-Cov-2 infection and adverse clinical outcomes. However, research examining whether COVID-19 outcomes vary by race and ethnicity within the rheumatic disease population is limited. This paper will review data showing how SARS-CoV-2 infection has differentially affected racial and ethnic minorities in the general population and those with rheumatic disease. We will also highlight disparities in rheumatic disease risk and severity that existed prior to the pandemic, and discuss recent work examining severe outcomes of COVID-19 in rheumatic disease patients by race and ethnicity. Finally, we propose several actionable steps for the rheumatology community to address COVID-19 health disparities, which may have long-term effects on patients with rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Taylor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Milena A Gianfrancesco
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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