751
|
Burke RS, Somasuntharam I, Rearden P, Brown D, Deshmukh SV, DiPietro MA, DiMuzio J, Eisenhandler R, Fauty SE, Gibson C, Gindy ME, Hamilton KA, Knemeyer I, Koeplinger KA, Kwon HW, Lifsted TQ, Menzel K, Patel M, Pudvah N, Rudd DJ, Seitzer J, Strapps WR, Prueksaritanont T, Thompson CD, Hochman JH, Carr BA. siRNA-Mediated Knockdown of P450 Oxidoreductase in Rats: A Tool to Reduce Metabolism by CYPs and Increase Exposure of High Clearance Compounds. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3445-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
752
|
Whitehead KA, Dorkin JR, Vegas AJ, Chang PH, Veiseh O, Matthews J, Fenton OS, Zhang Y, Olejnik KT, Yesilyurt V, Chen D, Barros S, Klebanov B, Novobrantseva T, Langer R, Anderson DG. Degradable lipid nanoparticles with predictable in vivo siRNA delivery activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4277. [PMID: 24969323 PMCID: PMC4111939 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges in the development of clinically viable delivery systems for RNA interference therapeutics is to understand how molecular structures influence delivery efficacy. Here, we have synthesized 1,400 degradable lipidoids and evaluate their transfection ability and structure-function activity. We show that lipidoid nanoparticles mediate potent gene knockdown in hepatocytes and immune cell populations on IV administration to mice (siRNA EC50 values as low as 0.01 mg kg(-1)). We identify four necessary and sufficient structural and pKa criteria that robustly predict the ability of nanoparticles to mediate greater than 95% protein silencing in vivo. Because these efficacy criteria can be dictated through chemical design, this discovery could eliminate our dependence on time-consuming and expensive cell culture assays and animal testing. Herein, we identify promising degradable lipidoids and describe new design criteria that reliably predict in vivo siRNA delivery efficacy without any prior biological testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. Robert Dorkin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77
Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Philip H. Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Jonathan Matthews
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Owen S. Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77
Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Karsten T. Olejnik
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Volkan Yesilyurt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Delai Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Scott Barros
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third St., Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Boris Klebanov
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third St., Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
753
|
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics appear to offer substantial opportunities for future therapy. However, post-administration RNAi effectors are typically unable to reach disease target cells in vivo without the assistance of a delivery system or vector. The main focus of this review is on lipid-based nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems in current research and development that have at least been shown to act as effective delivery systems for functional delivery of RNAi effectors to disease target cells in vivo. The potential utility of these LNP delivery systems is growing rapidly, and LNPs are emerging as the preferred synthetic delivery systems in preclinical studies and current nonviral RNAi effector clinical trials. Moreover, studies on LNP-mediated delivery in vivo are leading to the emergence of useful biophysical parameters and physical organic chemistry rules that provide a framework for understanding in vivo delivery behaviors and outcomes. These same parameters and rules should also suggest ways and means to develop next generations of LNPs with genuine utility and long-term clinical viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Miller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH , UK and GlobalAcorn Limited , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
754
|
Williford JM, Wu J, Ren Y, Archang MM, Leong KW, Mao HQ. Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 16:347-70. [PMID: 24905873 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting specific gene expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) offers a new therapeutic strategy to tackle many diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and viral infections, at the molecular level. The macromolecular and polar nature of siRNA hinders its cellular access to exert its effect. Nanoparticulate delivery systems can promote efficient intracellular delivery. Despite showing promise in many preclinical studies and potential in some clinical trials, siRNA has poor delivery efficiency, which continues to demand innovations, from carrier design to formulation, in order to overcome transport barriers. Previous findings for optimal plasmid DNA delivery cannot be generalized to siRNA delivery owing to significant discrepancy in size and subtle differences in chain flexibility between the two types of nucleic acids. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in improving the stability of siRNA nanoparticles, understanding their intracellular trafficking and release mechanisms, and applying judiciously the promising formulations to disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Michael Williford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
755
|
Abstract
For several decades extensive research has been conducted into the development of fusogenic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) capable of introducing large, charged molecules into the cytoplasm of target cells. The majority of this work has focused on cationic LNPs encapsulating nucleic acids ranging from small oligonucleotides to large plasmid constructs thousands of bases long. However, since the introduction of siRNA payloads this quest for a non-viral, intracellular delivery systems has advanced significantly. Of particular importance was the demonstration that LNPs containing ionizable, dialkylamino lipids, enable potent hepatic gene silencing across species including humans. This review focuses on the evolution of this delivery system, summarizes the promising data now emerging from clinical trials and considers future directions for the platform.
Collapse
|
756
|
Lin PJC, Tam Y, Cullis P. Development and clinical applications of siRNA-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles in cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
757
|
Nanoparticle-formulated siRNA targeting integrins inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3869. [PMID: 24844798 PMCID: PMC4107318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins play an important role during development, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Here we show that knockdown of integrin subunits slows down the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using nanoparticulate delivery of short interfering RNAs targeting β1 and αv integrin subunits we downregulate all integrin receptors in hepatocytes. Short-term integrin knockdown (two weeks) does not cause apparent structural or functional perturbations of normal liver tissue. Alterations in liver morphology accumulate upon sustained integrin downregulation (seven weeks). The integrin knockdown leads to significant retardation of HCC progression, reducing proliferation and increasing tumour cell death. This tumour retardation is accompanied by reduced activation of MET oncogene as well as expression of its mature form on the cell surface. Our data suggest that transformed proliferating cells from HCC are more sensitive to knockdown of integrins than normal quiescent hepatocytes, highlighting the potential of siRNA-mediated inhibition of integrins as an anti-cancer therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
758
|
RNAi-mediated silencing of hepatic Alas1 effectively prevents and treats the induced acute attacks in acute intermittent porphyria mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7777-82. [PMID: 24821812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406228111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute hepatic porphyrias are inherited disorders of heme biosynthesis characterized by life-threatening acute neurovisceral attacks. Factors that induce the expression of hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) result in the accumulation of the neurotoxic porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG), which recent studies indicate are primarily responsible for the acute attacks. Current treatment of these attacks involves i.v. administration of hemin, but a faster-acting, more effective, and safer therapy is needed. Here, we describe preclinical studies of liver-directed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting Alas1 (Alas1-siRNAs) in a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria, the most common acute hepatic porphyria. A single i.v. dose of Alas1-siRNA prevented the phenobarbital-induced biochemical acute attacks for approximately 2 wk. Injection of Alas1-siRNA during an induced acute attack significantly decreased plasma ALA and PBG levels within 8 h, more rapidly and effectively than a single hemin infusion. Alas1-siRNA was well tolerated and a therapeutic dose did not cause hepatic heme deficiency. These studies provide proof-of-concept for the clinical development of RNA interference therapy for the prevention and treatment of the acute attacks of the acute hepatic porphyrias.
Collapse
|
759
|
Grijalvo S, Aviñó A, Eritja R. Oligonucleotide delivery: a patent review (2010 - 2013). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:801-19. [PMID: 24798406 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.915944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of aptamers, antisense technology and RNA interference has allowed nucleic acids to be considered as promising alternatives to classical drugs. However, nucleic acids face several obstacles in the creation of effective nucleic acid drugs. The development of these approaches has strengthened the pipeline with an increasing number of these therapies in clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review covers research and patent literature from the last three years, focusing on the development of safe and effective non-viral drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases such as cancer or genetic disorders by using oligonucleotides. EXPERT OPINION The therapeutic applications of oligonucleotides have overcome multiple obstacles, especially in biodistribution and cellular internalization. Cationic lipids are the most used vehicles for the preparation of novel formulations. Combinatorial libraries of these compounds and the use of solid lipid nanoparticles carrying these synthetic cationic lipids (cholesterol and PEG) have enhanced cellular uptake and biocompatibility of nucleic acids. Besides this extensive use, synthesis of oligonucleotides covalently linked to lipids has also emerged as a promising alternative to formulations. The use of peptides alone or in combination with lipids is an expanding field for oligonucleotide delivery. Polymeric platforms are also good candidates as they showed improved cellular uptake, biodegradability, biocompatibility and the possibility of incorporating several components, such as ligands for receptor-mediated endocytosis and molecules, to facilitate endosomal escape. Finally, nanomaterials may also play an important role in the future. The last developments showed improvement in in vivo efficacy, thus gaining a foothold in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), and Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona , Spain +34 934006145 ; +34 932045904 ;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
760
|
Abstract
Small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) therapeutics make use of small ncRNA effectors for desired therapeutic purposes that are essentially short (10–20 kD) RNA segments. These small ncRNA effectors are potentially tremendously powerful therapeutic agents, but are typically unable to reach disease target cells in vivo without the assistance of a delivery system or vector. The main focus of this review is the use of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) for the functional delivery of small ncRNA effectors in vivo. LNPs appear to be amongst the most effective delivery systems currently available for this purpose. Moreover, studies on LNP-mediated delivery in vivo are leading to the emergence of useful biophysical parameters and physical organic chemistry rules that provide a framework for understanding LNP-mediated in vivo delivery behaviors and outcomes. These same parameters and rules should also suggest ways and means to develop next generations of LNPs with genuine utility and long-term clinical viability.
Collapse
|
761
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used to treat patients with aggressive prostate cancers. After androgen deprivation therapy, prostate cancers slowly progress to an androgen-independent status. Taxanes (e.g., docetaxel) are used as standard treatments for androgen-independent prostate cancers. However, these chemotherapeutic agents will eventually become ineffective due to the development of drug resistance. A microRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA molecule, which can regulate gene expression at the post-transcription level. miRNAs elicit their effects by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of their target mRNAs, leading to the inhibition of translation or the degradation of the mRNAs. miRNAs have received increasing attention as targets for cancer therapy, as they can target multiple signaling pathways related to tumor progression, metastasis, invasion, and chemoresistance. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant expression of miRNAs can lead to the development of resistant prostate cancers. Here, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in the development of resistant prostate cancers and their involvement in various drug resistant mechanisms including androgen signaling, apoptosis avoidance, multiple drug resistance (MDR) transporters, epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we also discuss strategies for treating resistant prostate cancers by targeting specific miRNAs. Different delivery strategies are also discussed with focus on those that have been successfully used in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University , Hampton, Virginia 23668, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
762
|
Watanabe T, Hatakeyama H, Matsuda-Yasui C, Sato Y, Sudoh M, Takagi A, Hirata Y, Ohtsuki T, Arai M, Inoue K, Harashima H, Kohara M. In vivo therapeutic potential of Dicer-hunting siRNAs targeting infectious hepatitis C virus. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4750. [PMID: 24756133 PMCID: PMC3996463 DOI: 10.1038/srep04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy faces two major obstacles: selecting small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences with strong activity, and identifying a carrier that allows efficient delivery to target organs. Additionally, conservative region at nucleotide level must be targeted for RNAi in applying to virus because hepatitis C virus (HCV) could escape from therapeutic pressure with genome mutations. In vitro preparation of Dicer-generated siRNAs targeting a conserved, highly ordered HCV 5′ untranslated region are capable of inducing strong RNAi activity. By dissecting the 5′-end of an RNAi-mediated cleavage site in the HCV genome, we identified potent siRNA sequences, which we designate as Dicer-hunting siRNAs (dh-siRNAs). Furthermore, formulation of the dh-siRNAs in an optimized multifunctional envelope-type nano device inhibited ongoing infectious HCV replication in human hepatocytes in vivo. Our efforts using both identification of optimal siRNA sequences and delivery to human hepatocytes suggest therapeutic potential of siRNA for a virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsunamasa Watanabe
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan [2] Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan [3] Present address, Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan [4]
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- 1] Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan [2]
| | - Chiho Matsuda-Yasui
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan [2]
| | - Yusuke Sato
- 1] Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan [2]
| | - Masayuki Sudoh
- Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Asako Takagi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirata
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan [2] Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohtsuki
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masaaki Arai
- Advanced Medical Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
763
|
Gaziova Z, Baumann V, Winkler AM, Winkler J. Chemically defined polyethylene glycol siRNA conjugates with enhanced gene silencing effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2320-6. [PMID: 24613624 PMCID: PMC3994277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic application of siRNA suffers from poor bioavailability caused by rapid degradation and elimination. The covalent attachment of PEG is a universal concept to increase molecular size and enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of biomacromolecules. We devised a facile approach for attachment of PEG molecules with a defined molecular weight, and successful purification of the resulting conjugates. We directly conjugated structurally defined PEG chains with twelve ethylene glycol units to the 3'-terminal hydroxyl group of both sense and antisense strands via an aminoalkyl linker. The conjugates were easily purified by HPLC and successful PEGylation and molecule integrity were confirmed by ESI-MS. The evaluation of in vitro gene knockdown of two different targets in MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed stable pharmacologic activity when combined with a standard transfection reagent. Sense strand PEGylation even increased the silencing potency of a CRCX4-siRNA which had modest activity in its wild-type form. The results indicate that PEG chains at the 3'-terminus of both strands of siRNA are well tolerated by the RNAi effector. The attachment of short, chemically defined PEG chains is a feasible approach to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of siRNA, and can be combined with other targeted and untargeted delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gaziova
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Baumann
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
764
|
Barrett SE, Burke RS, Abrams MT, Bason C, Busuek M, Carlini E, Carr BA, Crocker LS, Fan H, Garbaccio RM, Guidry EN, Heo JH, Howell BJ, Kemp EA, Kowtoniuk RA, Latham AH, Leone AM, Lyman M, Parmar RG, Patel M, Pechenov SY, Pei T, Pudvah NT, Raab C, Riley S, Sepp-Lorenzino L, Smith S, Soli ED, Staskiewicz S, Stern M, Truong Q, Vavrek M, Waldman JH, Walsh ES, Williams JM, Young S, Colletti SL. Development of a liver-targeted siRNA delivery platform with a broad therapeutic window utilizing biodegradable polypeptide-based polymer conjugates. J Control Release 2014; 183:124-37. [PMID: 24657948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The greatest challenge standing in the way of effective in vivo siRNA delivery is creating a delivery vehicle that mediates a high degree of efficacy with a broad therapeutic window. Key structure-activity relationships of a poly(amide) polymer conjugate siRNA delivery platform were explored to discover the optimized polymer parameters that yield the highest activity of mRNA knockdown in the liver. At the same time, the poly(amide) backbone of the polymers allowed for the metabolism and clearance of the polymer from the body very quickly, which was established using radiolabeled polymers to demonstrate the time course of biodistribution and excretion from the body. The fast degradation and clearance of the polymers provided for very low toxicity at efficacious doses, and the therapeutic window of this poly(amide)-based siRNA delivery platform was shown to be much broader than a comparable polymer platform. The results of this work illustrate that the poly(amide) platform has a promising future in the development of a siRNA-based drug approved for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Barrett
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Rob S Burke
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Marc T Abrams
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Carol Bason
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Marina Busuek
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Edward Carlini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Brian A Carr
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Louis S Crocker
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Haihong Fan
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert M Garbaccio
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Erin N Guidry
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jun H Heo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Bonnie J Howell
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eric A Kemp
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert A Kowtoniuk
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Andrew H Latham
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Anthony M Leone
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Michael Lyman
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Rubina G Parmar
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mihir Patel
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sergey Y Pechenov
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Tao Pei
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Nicole T Pudvah
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Conrad Raab
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sean Riley
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Laura Sepp-Lorenzino
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sheri Smith
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eric D Soli
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Steven Staskiewicz
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Melissa Stern
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Quang Truong
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jacob H Waldman
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Eileen S Walsh
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - J Michael Williams
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Stephanie Young
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Steven L Colletti
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| |
Collapse
|
765
|
Abstract
This paper highlights ongoing efforts toward Erythrina alkaloids, himandrine, tetrodotoxin, and thiopeptide antibiotics such as nosiheptide and describes representative spinoffs in biomedicine that emanated from the author’s research in synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
766
|
Neumann UH, Chen S, Tam YYC, Baker RK, Covey SD, Cullis PR, Kieffer TJ. IGFBP2 is neither sufficient nor necessary for the physiological actions of leptin on glucose homeostasis in male ob/ob mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:716-25. [PMID: 24424049 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability of leptin to improve metabolic abnormalities in models of leptin deficiency, lipodystrophy, and even type 1 diabetes is of significant interest. However, the mechanism by which leptin mediates these effects remains ill-defined. Leptin was recently reported to regulate insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP2), and adenoviral overexpression of pharmacological levels of IGFBP2 ameliorates diabetic symptoms in many models of diabetes. We sought to determine the role of physiological levels of IGFBP2 in the glucoregulatory action of leptin. To investigate whether physiological levels of IGFBP2 are sufficient to mimic the action of leptin, we treated male ob/ob mice with low-dose IGFBP2 adenovirus (Ad-IGFBP2) or low-dose leptin. Despite similar levels of circulating IGFBP2, leptin but not Ad-IGFBP2 lowered body weight and plasma insulin and improved glucose and insulin tolerance. To elucidate the role of IGFBP2 in normal glucose homeostasis, we knocked down IGFBP2 in male C57BL/6 mice using small interfering RNA to determine whether this would recapitulate any aspect of the ob/ob phenotype. Despite successful IGFBP2 knockdown, body weight, blood glucose, and plasma insulin were unchanged. Finally, to determine whether IGFBP2 is required for the glucoregulatory actions of leptin, we prevented leptin-mediated increases in IGFBP2 in male ob/ob mice using RNA interference. Even though increases in IGFBP2 were blocked, the ability of leptin to decrease body weight, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels were unaltered. In conclusion, physiological levels of IGFBP2 are neither sufficient to mimic nor required for the physiological action of leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula H Neumann
- Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences (U.H.N., R.K.B., T.J.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.C., Y.Y.C.T., S.D.C., P.R.C.), and Surgery (T.J.K.), Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
767
|
Fitzgerald K, Frank-Kamenetsky M, Shulga-Morskaya S, Liebow A, Bettencourt BR, Sutherland JE, Hutabarat RM, Clausen VA, Karsten V, Cehelsky J, Nochur SV, Kotelianski V, Horton J, Mant T, Chiesa J, Ritter J, Munisamy M, Vaishnaw AK, Gollob JA, Simon A. Effect of an RNA interference drug on the synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and the concentration of serum LDL cholesterol in healthy volunteers: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet 2014; 383:60-68. [PMID: 24094767 PMCID: PMC4387547 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to LDL receptors, leading to their degradation. Genetics studies have shown that loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 result in reduced plasma LDL cholesterol and decreased risk of coronary heart disease. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of ALN-PCS, a small interfering RNA that inhibits PCSK9 synthesis, in healthy volunteers with raised cholesterol who were not on lipid-lowering treatment. METHODS We did a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 dose-escalation study in healthy adult volunteers with serum LDL cholesterol of 3·00 mmol/L or higher. Participants were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio by computer algorithm to receive one dose of intravenous ALN-PCS (with doses ranging from 0·015 to 0·400 mg/kg) or placebo. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability of ALN-PCS. Secondary endpoints were the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ALN-PCS and its pharmacodynamic effects on PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol. Study participants were masked to treatment assignment. Analysis was per protocol and we used ANCOVA to analyse pharmacodynamic endpoint data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01437059. FINDINGS Of 32 participants, 24 were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of ALN-PCS (0·015 mg/kg [n=3], 0·045 mg/kg [n=3], 0·090 mg/kg [n=3], 0·150 mg/kg [n=3], 0·250 mg/kg [n=6], or 0·400 mg/kg [n=6]) and eight to placebo. The proportions of patients affected by treatment-emergent adverse events were similar in the ALN-PCS and placebo groups (19 [79%] vs seven [88%]). ALN-PCS was rapidly distributed, with peak concentration and area under the curve (0 to last measurement) increasing in a roughly dose-proportional way across the dose range tested. In the group given 0·400 mg/kg of ALN-PCS, treatment resulted in a mean 70% reduction in circulating PCSK9 plasma protein (p<0·0001) and a mean 40% reduction in LDL cholesterol from baseline relative to placebo (p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that inhibition of PCSK9 synthesis by RNA interference (RNAi) provides a potentially safe mechanism to reduce LDL cholesterol concentration in healthy individuals with raised cholesterol. These results support the further assessment of ALN-PCS in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, including those being treated with statins. This study is the first to show an RNAi drug being used to affect a clinically validated endpoint (ie, LDL cholesterol) in human beings. FUNDING Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay Horton
- Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas South Western, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Mant
- Quintiles Drug Research Unit at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - James Ritter
- Quintiles Drug Research Unit at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Amy Simon
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
768
|
Abstract
Nonviral vectors which offer a safer and versatile alternative to viral vectors have been developed to overcome problems caused by viral carriers. However, their transfection efficacy or level of expression is substantially lower than viral vectors. Among various nonviral gene vectors, lipid nanoparticles are an ideal platform for the incorporation of safety and efficacy into a single delivery system. In this chapter, we highlight current lipidic vectors that have been developed for gene therapy of tumors and other diseases. The pharmacokinetic, toxic behaviors and clinic trials of some successful lipids particles are also presented.
Collapse
|
769
|
Wang H, Chen W, Xie H, Wei X, Yin S, Zhou L, Xu X, Zheng S. Biocompatible, chimeric peptide-condensed supramolecular nanoparticles for tumor cell-specific siRNA delivery and gene silencing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7806-9. [PMID: 24903477 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A practical and tumor cell-specific siRNA delivery system was developedviasingle-step self-assembly of an arginine-rich chimeric peptide with siRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
770
|
Dahlman JE, Kauffman KJ, Langer R, Anderson DG. Nanotechnology for in vivo targeted siRNA delivery. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2014; 88:37-69. [PMID: 25409603 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800148-6.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can specifically inhibit gene expression. As a result, they have tremendous scientific and clinical potential. However, the use of these molecules in patients and animal models has been limited by challenges with delivery. Intracellular RNA delivery is difficult; it requires a system that protects the siRNA from degradative nucleases in the bloodstream, minimizes clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, maximizes delivery to the target tissue, and promotes entry into, and out of, an endocytic vesicle. Despite these barriers, recent data suggest that RNA may be targeted to cells of interest in vivo. Herein we outline strategies for targeted siRNA delivery, and describe how these strategies may be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Dahlman
- The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Kauffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
771
|
The systemic administration of an anti-miRNA oligonucleotide encapsulated pH-sensitive liposome results in reduced level of hepatic microRNA-122 in mice. J Control Release 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
772
|
Influence of Polyethylene Glycol Lipid Desorption Rates on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of siRNA Lipid Nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e139. [PMID: 24345865 PMCID: PMC3894582 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating short interfering RNAs that target hepatic genes are advancing through clinical trials, and early results indicate the excellent gene silencing observed in rodents and nonhuman primates also translates to humans. This success has motivated research to identify ways to further advance this delivery platform. Here, we characterize the polyethylene glycol lipid (PEG-lipid) components, which are required to control the self-assembly process during formation of lipid particles, but can negatively affect delivery to hepatocytes and hepatic gene silencing in vivo. The rate of transfer from LNPs to plasma lipoproteins in vivo is measured for three PEG-lipids with dialkyl chains 14, 16, and 18 carbons long. We show that 1.5 mol % PEG-lipid represents a threshold concentration at which the chain length exerts a minimal effect on hepatic gene silencing but can still modify LNPs pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Increasing the concentration to 2.5 and 3.5 mol % substantially compromises hepatocyte gene knockdown for PEG-lipids with distearyl (C18) chains but has little impact for shorter dimyristyl (C14) chains. These data are discussed with respect to RNA delivery and the different rates at which the steric barrier disassociates from LNPs in vivo.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e139; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.66; published online 17 December 2013.
Collapse
|
773
|
Olearczyk J, Gao S, Eybye M, Yendluri S, Andrews L, Bartz S, Cully D, Tadin-Strapps M. Targeting of hepatic angiotensinogen using chemically modified siRNAs results in significant and sustained blood pressure lowering in a rat model of hypertension. Hypertens Res 2013; 37:405-12. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
774
|
Rungta RL, Choi HB, Lin PJ, Ko RW, Ashby D, Nair J, Manoharan M, Cullis PR, Macvicar BA. Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of siRNA to Silence Neuronal Gene Expression in the Brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e136. [PMID: 24301867 PMCID: PMC3889191 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of gene expression in the brain is fundamental for understanding the function of proteins involved in neuronal processes. In this article, we show a method for using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to efficiently silence neuronal gene expression in cell culture and in the brain in vivo through intracranial injection. We show that neurons accumulate these LNPs in an apolipoprotein E-dependent fashion, resulting in very efficient uptake in cell culture (100%) with little apparent toxicity. In vivo, intracortical or intracerebroventricular (ICV) siRNA-LNP injections resulted in knockdown of target genes either in discrete regions around the injection site or in more widespread areas following ICV injections with no apparent toxicity or immune reactions from the LNPs. Effective targeted knockdown was demonstrated by showing that intracortical delivery of siRNA against GRIN1 (encoding GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR)) selectively reduced synaptic NMDAR currents in vivo as compared with synaptic AMPA receptor currents. Therefore, LNP delivery of siRNA rapidly manipulates expression of proteins involved in neuronal processes in vivo, possibly enabling the development of gene therapies for neurological disorders.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e136; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.65; published online 3 December 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi L Rungta
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
775
|
Kanasty R, Dorkin JR, Vegas A, Anderson D. Delivery materials for siRNA therapeutics. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:967-77. [PMID: 24150415 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1328] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has broad potential as a therapeutic to reversibly silence any gene. To achieve the clinical potential of RNAi, delivery materials are required to transport short interfering RNA (siRNA) to the site of action in the cells of target tissues. This Review provides an introduction to the biological challenges that siRNA delivery materials aim to overcome, as well as a discussion of the way that the most effective and clinically advanced classes of siRNA delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles and siRNA conjugates, are designed to surmount these challenges. The systems that we discuss are diverse in their approaches to the delivery problem, and provide valuable insight to guide the design of future siRNA delivery materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Kanasty
- 1] Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
776
|
Falsini S, Ciani L, Ristori S, Fortunato A, Arcangeli A. Advances in Lipid-Based Platforms for RNAi Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2013; 57:1138-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400791q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falsini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.
B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Ciani
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
| | - Angelo Fortunato
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.
B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.
B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
777
|
Tam YYC, Chen S, Cullis PR. Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:498-507. [PMID: 24300520 PMCID: PMC3836621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in both siRNA (small interfering RNA) and whole genome sequencing have demonstrated great potential in translating genetic information into siRNA-based drugs to halt the synthesis of most disease-causing proteins. Despite its powerful promises as a drug, siRNA requires a sophisticated delivery vehicle because of its rapid degradation in the circulation, inefficient accumulation in target tissues and inability to cross cell membranes to access the cytoplasm where it functions. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) containing ionizable amino lipids is the leading delivery technology for siRNA, with five products in clinical trials and more in the pipeline. Here, we focus on the technological advances behind these potent systems for siRNA-mediated gene silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yi C Tam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
778
|
Abstract
Insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and poor cellular uptake are the main hurdles for successful therapeutic development of oligonucleotide agents. The covalent attachment of various ligands designed to influence the biodistribution and cellular uptake or for targeting specific tissues is an attractive possibility to advance therapeutic applications and to expand development options. In contrast to advanced formulations, which often consist of multiple reagents and are sensitive to a variety of preparation conditions, oligonucleotide conjugates are defined molecules, enabling structure-based analytics and quality control techniques. This review gives an overview of current developments of oligonucleotide conjugates for therapeutic applications. Attached ligands comprise peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, aptamers and small molecules, including cholesterol, tocopherol and folic acid. Important linkage types and conjugation methods are summarized. The distinct ligands directly influence biochemical parameters, uptake mechanisms and pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
|
779
|
Zhang Y, Pelet JM, Heller DA, Dong Y, Chen D, Gu Z, Joseph BJ, Wallas J, Anderson DG. Lipid-modified aminoglycoside derivatives for in vivo siRNA delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4641-5. [PMID: 23813808 PMCID: PMC3898629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed siRNA delivery materials that are enabled by lipid-modified aminoglycosides are demonstrated. Leading materials identified are able to self-assemble with siRNA into well-defined nanoparticles and induce efficient gene knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. Histology studies and liver function tests reveal that no apparent toxicity is caused by these nanoparticles at doses over two orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeisa M Pelet
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delai Chen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian J. Joseph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jasmine Wallas
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
780
|
Coelho T, Adams D, Silva A, Lozeron P, Hawkins PN, Mant T, Perez J, Chiesa J, Warrington S, Tranter E, Munisamy M, Falzone R, Harrop J, Cehelsky J, Bettencourt BR, Geissler M, Butler JS, Sehgal A, Meyers RE, Chen Q, Borland T, Hutabarat RM, Clausen VA, Alvarez R, Fitzgerald K, Gamba-Vitalo C, Nochur SV, Vaishnaw AK, Sah DWY, Gollob JA, Suhr OB. Safety and efficacy of RNAi therapy for transthyretin amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:819-29. [PMID: 23984729 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1208760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of hepatocyte-derived transthyretin amyloid in peripheral nerves and the heart. A therapeutic approach mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) could reduce the production of transthyretin. METHODS We identified a potent antitransthyretin small interfering RNA, which was encapsulated in two distinct first- and second-generation formulations of lipid nanoparticles, generating ALN-TTR01 and ALN-TTR02, respectively. Each formulation was studied in a single-dose, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial to assess safety and effect on transthyretin levels. We first evaluated ALN-TTR01 (at doses of 0.01 to 1.0 mg per kilogram of body weight) in 32 patients with transthyretin amyloidosis and then evaluated ALN-TTR02 (at doses of 0.01 to 0.5 mg per kilogram) in 17 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Rapid, dose-dependent, and durable lowering of transthyretin levels was observed in the two trials. At a dose of 1.0 mg per kilogram, ALN-TTR01 suppressed transthyretin, with a mean reduction at day 7 of 38%, as compared with placebo (P=0.01); levels of mutant and nonmutant forms of transthyretin were lowered to a similar extent. For ALN-TTR02, the mean reductions in transthyretin levels at doses of 0.15 to 0.3 mg per kilogram ranged from 82.3 to 86.8%, with reductions of 56.6 to 67.1% at 28 days (P<0.001 for all comparisons). These reductions were shown to be RNAi-mediated. Mild-to-moderate infusion-related reactions occurred in 20.8% and 7.7% of participants receiving ALN-TTR01 and ALN-TTR02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ALN-TTR01 and ALN-TTR02 suppressed the production of both mutant and nonmutant forms of transthyretin, establishing proof of concept for RNAi therapy targeting messenger RNA transcribed from a disease-causing gene. (Funded by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01148953 and NCT01559077.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Clinica de Paramiloidose, Hospital de Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
781
|
The distribution and cell uptake of ApoA1 modified lipid carriers of siRNA in mouse liver in vivo. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
782
|
Multiparametric approach for the evaluation of lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12881-6. [PMID: 23882076 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306529110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery is a complex process that requires transport across numerous extracellular and intracellular barriers. As such, the development of nanoparticles for efficient delivery would benefit from an understanding of how parameters associated with these barriers relate to the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. Here, we use a multiparametric approach for the evaluation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to identify relationships between structure, biological function, and biological activity. Our results indicate that evaluation of multiple parameters associated with barriers to delivery such as siRNA entrapment, pKa, LNP stability, and cell uptake as a collective may serve as a useful prescreening tool for the advancement of LNPs in vivo. This multiparametric approach complements the use of in vitro efficacy results alone for prescreening and improves in vitro-in vivo translation by minimizing false negatives. For the LNPs used in this work, the evaluation of multiple parameters enabled the identification of LNP pKa as one of the key determinants of LNP function and activity both in vitro and in vivo. It is anticipated that this type of analysis can aid in the identification of meaningful structure-function-activity relationships, improve the in vitro screening process of nanoparticles before in vivo use, and facilitate the future design of potent nanocarriers.
Collapse
|
783
|
Prakash TP, Lima WF, Murray HM, Elbashir S, Cantley W, Foster D, Jayaraman M, Chappell AE, Manoharan M, Swayze EE, Crooke ST. Lipid nanoparticles improve activity of single-stranded siRNA and gapmer antisense oligonucleotides in animals. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1402-6. [PMID: 23614580 DOI: 10.1021/cb4001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the abilities of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), a small interfering RNA (siRNA), and a single-stranded siRNA (ss-siRNA) to inhibit expression from the PTEN gene in mice when formulated identically with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Significantly greater reductions in levels of PTEN mRNA were observed for LNP-formulated agents compared to unformulated drugs when gene silencing was evaluated after a single dose in the livers of mice. An unformulated ss-siRNA modified with a metabolically stable phosphate mimic 5'-(E)-vinylphosphonate showed dose-dependent reduction of PTEN mRNA in mice, albeit at doses significantly higher than those observed for formulated ss-siRNA. These results demonstrate that LNPs can be used to deliver functional antisense and ss-siRNA therapeutics to the liver, indicating that progress in the field of siRNA delivery is transferable to other classes of nucleic acid-based drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thazha P. Prakash
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad,
California 92008, United States
| | - Walt F. Lima
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad,
California 92008, United States
| | - Heather M. Murray
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad,
California 92008, United States
| | - Sayda Elbashir
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - William Cantley
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Don Foster
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Muthusamy Jayaraman
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alfred E. Chappell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad,
California 92008, United States
| | - Muthiah Manoharan
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eric E. Swayze
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad,
California 92008, United States
| | - Stanley T. Crooke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad,
California 92008, United States
| |
Collapse
|
784
|
Biodegradable lipids enabling rapidly eliminated lipid nanoparticles for systemic delivery of RNAi therapeutics. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1570-8. [PMID: 23799535 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, most notably with lipid nanoparticle-based delivery systems, have advanced into human clinical trials. The results from these early clinical trials suggest that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and the novel ionizable lipids that comprise them, will be important materials in this emerging field of medicine. A persistent theme in the use of materials for biomedical applications has been the incorporation of biodegradability as a means to improve biocompatibility and/or to facilitate elimination. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further advance the LNP platform through the development of novel, next-generation lipids that combine the excellent potency of the most advanced lipids currently available with biodegradable functionality. As a representative example of this novel class of biodegradable lipids, the lipid evaluated in this work displays rapid elimination from plasma and tissues, substantially improved tolerability in preclinical studies, while maintaining in vivo potency on par with that of the most advanced lipids currently available.
Collapse
|
785
|
Image-based analysis of lipid nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery, intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:638-46. [PMID: 23792630 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 974] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a key challenge in the development of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. A better understanding of the mechanisms of siRNA cellular uptake, intracellular transport and endosomal release could critically contribute to the improvement of delivery methods. Here we monitored the uptake of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with traceable siRNAs in different cell types in vitro and in mouse liver by quantitative fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy. We found that LNPs enter cells by both constitutive and inducible pathways in a cell type-specific manner using clathrin-mediated endocytosis as well as macropinocytosis. By directly detecting colloidal-gold particles conjugated to siRNAs, we estimated that escape of siRNAs from endosomes into the cytosol occurs at low efficiency (1-2%) and only during a limited window of time when the LNPs reside in a specific compartment sharing early and late endosomal characteristics. Our results provide insights into LNP-mediated siRNA delivery that can guide development of the next generation of delivery systems for RNAi therapeutics.
Collapse
|
786
|
Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles mediate oral delivery of therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against systemic inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5757-61. [PMID: 23610013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
787
|
Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Mediate Oral Delivery of Therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against Systemic Inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
788
|
Gooding M, Browne LP, Quinteiro FM, Selwood DL. siRNA delivery: from lipids to cell-penetrating peptides and their mimics. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 80:787-809. [PMID: 22974319 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To deliver siRNA for therapeutic use, several hurdles must be addressed. Metabolic degradation must be blocked, and the RNAi cellular machinery is located in the cytoplasm, while double-stranded siRNA is large, highly charged and impermeable to cell membranes. To date, the solutions to the delivery issues have mostly involved different forms of lipid particle encapsulation. Cell-penetrating peptides and their mimics or analogues offer a different approach and this is an emerging field with the first in vivo examples now reported. Recent reports point to lipid receptors being involved in the cellular uptake of both types of transporter. This review examines the delivery of siRNA with a focus on cell-penetrating peptides and their small molecule and oligomeric mimics. The current status of siRNA delivery methods in clinical trials is examined. It now seems that the goal of delivering siRNA therapeutically is achievable but will they form part of a sustainable healthcare portfolio for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gooding
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
789
|
Dirin M, Winkler J. Influence of diverse chemical modifications on the ADME characteristics and toxicology of antisense oligonucleotides. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:875-88. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.774366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Dirin
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria ;
| |
Collapse
|
790
|
Goldberg MS. siRNA delivery for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods 2013; 63:95-100. [PMID: 23403216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediate the catalytic sequence-specific cleavage of target messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, resulting in the silencing of gene products in an efficient and precise manner. One apparent application of this technology is the knockdown of genes responsible for cancer progression, including pro-proliferative oncogenes, inhibitors of apoptosis, and mediators of angiogenesis. Delivery of siRNAs into particular cells has remained the principal obstacle to the realization of the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) in the clinic. Several groups have worked to develop carriers that facilitate siRNA delivery into ovarian cancer cells in mouse models of ovarian cancer. The results have been promising, often leading to significant survival extension. Such benefit is critical for a disease that is characterized by very poor outcomes and demands novel treatment options. This review describes advancements in siRNA delivery for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goldberg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
791
|
Allen TM, Cullis PR. Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:36-48. [PMID: 23036225 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2938] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first closed bilayer phospholipid systems, called liposomes, were described in 1965 and soon were proposed as drug delivery systems. The pioneering work of countless liposome researchers over almost 5 decades led to the development of important technical advances such as remote drug loading, extrusion for homogeneous size, long-circulating (PEGylated) liposomes, triggered release liposomes, liposomes containing nucleic acid polymers, ligand-targeted liposomes and liposomes containing combinations of drugs. These advances have led to numerous clinical trials in such diverse areas as the delivery of anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antibiotic drugs, the delivery of gene medicines, and the delivery of anesthetics and anti-inflammatory drugs. A number of liposomes (lipidic nanoparticles) are on the market, and many more are in the pipeline. Lipidic nanoparticles are the first nanomedicine delivery system to make the transition from concept to clinical application, and they are now an established technology platform with considerable clinical acceptance. We can look forward to many more clinical products in the future.
Collapse
|
792
|
Qi L, Shao W, Shi D. JAM-2 siRNA intracellular delivery and real-time imaging by proton-sponge coated quantum dots. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:654-660. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
793
|
Lipid-based colloidal carriers for targeted siRNA delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:1245-7. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|