751
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Ruscitti P, Margiotta DPE, Macaluso F, Iacono D, D’Onofrio F, Emmi G, Atzeni F, Prete M, Perosa F, Sarzi-Puttini P, Emmi L, Cantatore FP, Triolo G, Afeltra A, Giacomelli R, Valentini G. Subclinical atherosclerosis and history of cardiovascular events in Italian patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a cross-sectional, multicenter GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale) study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8180. [PMID: 29049200 PMCID: PMC5662366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have pointed out a significant association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and accelerated atherosclerosis. At the best of our knowledge, no such study has been carried out in a large Italian series and, in this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of both subclinical atherosclerosis and history of cardiovascular events (CVEs), in patients consecutively admitted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 to Rheumatology Units throughout the whole Italy.Centers members of GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale) were invited to enrol patients consecutively admitted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 and satisfying American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA and to investigate each of them for: traditional cardiovascular risk factors: sex, age, smoking habit, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes (T2D); RA features: disease duration as assessed from the first symptom, disease activity as evaluated by DAS28, radiographic damage as assessed by hands and feet x-ray, and previous joint surgery; prevalence of both subclinical atherosclerosis and history of CVEs.Eight centers participated to the study. From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the 1176 patients, who had been investigated for all the items, were enrolled in the study. They were mostly women (80.52%), with a median age of 60 years (range, 18-91 years), a median disease duration of 12 years (range, 0.8-25 years), seropositive in 69.21%. Nineteen percent were in remission; 17.51% presented low disease activity; 39.45% moderate disease activity; 22.61% high disease activity.Eighty-two patients (6.9%) had a history for CVEs (58 myocardial infarction, 38 heart failure, 10 ischemic transitory attack, and 7 stroke). This figure appears to be lower than that reported worldwide (8.5%). After excluding the 82 patients with a history of CV events, subclinical atherosclerosis was detected in 16% of our patients, (176 patients), a figure lower than that reported worldwide (32.7%) and in previous Italian studies.This is the first Italian multicenter study on subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA. We pointed out a low prevalence of both subclinical atherosclerosis and history of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | | | - Federica Macaluso
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - Daniela Iacono
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples
| | - Francesca D’Onofrio
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Section, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan
| | - Marcella Prete
- Systemic Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Systemic Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - Antonella Afeltra
- Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | - Gabriele Valentini
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples
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752
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Liu XZ, Gao Y, Fan J, Xu X, Zhang J, Gao J, Wan W, Zhao DB. Metabolic abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:219-226. [PMID: 28944421 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or diabetes mellitus (DM) have been studied, but the metabolic abnormalities of RA patients complicated with DM are not completely understood. Therefore, we recruited RA patients with DM to investigate the metabolic abnormalities in these patients. We collected data of RA patients with DM and age- and sex-matched RA and DM patients from Changhai Hospital's electronic medical record system. Data of demographically matched healthy controls were also collected from the health management system of the Hangzhou Sanatorium of People's Liberation Army. Blood pressure, uric acid, glucose, and lipid levels were compared. The clinical data of RA with DM (n = 104), DM (n = 100), and RA (n = 100) patients and healthy controls (n = 100) were collected and compared. RA patients with DM had higher blood pressure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the other three groups, a higher triglycerides (TG) level than healthy controls and RA patients, and a lower TG level than DM patients. RA patients with DM exhibited a relatively high proportion of metabolic abnormalities based on existing standards. Our study examined metabolic abnormalities in RA patients with DM for the first time, and our results suggest that clinicians should pay more attention to the metabolic abnormalities of RA patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhen Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Army Convalescence Area, Hangzhou Sanatorium of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Army Convalescence Area, Hangzhou Sanatorium of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dong Bao Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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753
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Rempenault C, Combe B, Barnetche T, Gaujoux-Viala C, Lukas C, Morel J, Hua C. Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:98-103. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to improve survival rates in other inflammatory diseases. We aimed to assess the available literature on the cardiovascular impact of HCQ in patients with RA.MethodsWe systematically searched for studies evaluating the effects of HCQ on cardiovascular outcomes of known risk factors for CVD in patients with RA. Databases searched were MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBase, Cochrane Library and the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism annual meetings. A meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model, estimating mean differences (MDs), HRs and 95% CIs. Data were extracted by one investigator and independently checked by another.ResultsThe literature search revealed 185 articles and abstracts of interest; further examination resulted in 16 studies fulfilling the criteria. The MDs between HCQ users and non-users in levels of total, low-density and high-density cholesterol and triglycerides were −9.8 (95% CI −14.0 to −5.6), −10.6 (95% CI −14.2 to −7.0), +4.1 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.0) and −19.2 (95% CI −27.2 to −11.1), respectively. Diabetes incidence was lower for HCQ ever users than never users (HR 0.59 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.70)). HCQ seemed to decrease insulin resistance and incidence of CVD, but data were too few for meta-analysis.ConclusionBesides its limited efficacy for disease activity and progression, HCQ may benefit the metabolic profile and to a lesser extent cardiovascular events in patients with RA, which suggests its usefulness combined with other conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
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754
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Szekanecz Z, Anic B, Héjj G, Holc I, Hunka A, Kucharz E, Machold K, Mayer M, Pahor A, Puchner R, Rovensky J, Senolt L, Tuchynova A, Vencovsky J, Smolen JS. Opportunities and challenges in rheumatology research in Central Europe. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:196. [PMID: 28870258 PMCID: PMC5582401 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Central European Congress of Rheumatology (CECR) has been organized by seven Central European countries: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. These countries have lots of similarities, but also differences, with respect to rheumatology research. In this paper, based on questionnaires, we wish to demonstrate achievements and difficulties in rheumatology research performed in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Branimir Anic
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gábor Héjj
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Iztok Holc
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aniella Hunka
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eugene Kucharz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaus Machold
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mayer
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Artur Pahor
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Jozef Rovensky
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
| | | | - Alena Tuchynova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
| | | | - Josef S Smolen
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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755
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Meissner Y, Richter A, Manger B, Tony HP, Wilden E, Listing J, Zink A, Strangfeld A. Serious adverse events and the risk of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the German RABBIT cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1583-1590. [PMID: 28483768 PMCID: PMC5561376 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the general population, the incidence of stroke is increased following other serious events and hospitalisation. We investigated the impact of serious adverse events on the risk of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), taking risk factors and treatment into account. METHODS Using data of the German biologics register RABBIT (Rheumatoid Arthritis: Observation of Biologic Therapy) with 12354 patients with RA, incidence rates (IRs) and risk factors for stroke were investigated using multi-state and Cox proportional hazard models. In addition, in a nested case-control study, all patients with stroke were matched 1:2 to patients with identical baseline risk profile and analysed using a shared frailty model. RESULTS During follow-up, 166 strokes were reported. The overall IR was 3.2/1000 patient-years (PY) (95% CI 2.7 to 3.7). It was higher after a serious adverse event (IR: 9.0 (7.3 to 11.0)), particularly within 30 days after the event (IR: 94.9 (72.6 to 121.9)). The adjusted Cox model showed increased risks of age per 5 years (HR: 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5)), hyperlipoproteinaemia (HR: 1.6 (1.0 to 2.5)) and smoking (HR: 1.9 (1.3 to 2.6)). The risk decreased with better physical function (HR: 0.9 (0.8 to 0.96)). In the case-control study, 163 patients were matched to 326 controls. Major risk factors for stroke were untreated cardiovascular disease (HR: 3.3 (1.5 to 7.2)) and serious infections (HR:4.4 (1.6 to 12.5)) or other serious adverse events (HR: 2.6 (1.4 to 4.8)). CONCLUSIONS Incident adverse events, in particular serious infections, and insufficient treatment of cardiovascular diseases are independent drivers of the risk of stroke. Physicians should be aware that patients who experience a serious event are at increased risk of subsequent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Meissner
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Richter
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Manger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - HP Tony
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Medicine Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - J Listing
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Zink
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Strangfeld
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
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756
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, collectively termed psoriatic disease (PsD), are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The purpose if this manuscript is to review recent evidence about the epidemiology and underlying mechanisms of CVD in psoriatic patients and approaches to improve the management of these comorbidities. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown that CVD risk is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and is related to the systemic inflammatory nature of PsD. The use of surrogate markers, such as imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis, allows detection of patients at high cardiovascular risk before the occurrence of clinical events. These modalities could be clinically useful as clinical cardiovascular risk algorithms, such as the Framingham Risk Score, and have been shown to underestimate the actual cardiovascular risk in patients with PsD. Additional challenges related to the management of CVD in psoriatic patients include the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatology, dermatology and primary care setting. Effective measures used to control PsD, such as tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and methotrexate, has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in psoriatic patients. These findings highlight the importance of controlling disease activity as potential target that could lead to reduced cardiovascular risk. Together this highlights the importance of optimization of cardiovascular risk stratification and management of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with PsD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Sobchak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lihi Eder
- Division of Rheumatology, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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757
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Bartoloni E, Alunno A, Gerli R. Hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 15:33-44. [PMID: 28836617 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic inflammatory and systemic autoimmune diseases has accumulated during the past 15 years. In these patients, an interplay between several mechanisms, including premature acceleration of subclinical atherosclerotic damage, inflammation, and dysregulation of the immune system, is involved in the induction and progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, traditional cardiovascular risk factors are also likely to contribute, at least in part, to the excess cardiovascular risk. Among traditional cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension is an important predictor of cardiovascular events in the general population and in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Evidence supports the idea that the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the increased blood pressure in these diseases are multifactorial and not only related to the mechanical injury of the arterial wall. In particular, chronic inflammation and immune-mediated mechanisms have been demonstrated to affect blood-pressure control in patients with systemic autoimmune disease. In this Review, we discuss the available evidence on the relationship between hypertension and autoimmune diseases, and describe the multiple factors that might affect blood-pressure control in patients with chronic inflammatory and systemic autoimmune diseases. We also discuss the effect of hypertension and antirheumatic therapies on cardiovascular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Menghini 1, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Menghini 1, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Menghini 1, Perugia 06129, Italy
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758
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Breunig M, Kleinert S, Lehmann S, Kneitz C, Feuchtenberger M, Tony HP, Angermann CE, Ertl G, Störk S. Simple screening tools predict death and cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatic disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 47:102-109. [PMID: 28812405 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1337924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with rheumatic disease (RD) have an increased mortality risk compared with the general population, mainly due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to identify patients at high risk of CVD and mortality by comparing three screening tools suitable for clinical practice. METHOD In this prospective, single-centre study, consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic autoimmune disease (SAI), or spondyloarthritides (SpA) including psoriatic arthritis underwent a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment. Patients were predefined as being at high risk for cardiovascular events or death if any of the following were present: European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) ≥ 3%, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥ 200 pg/mL, or any pathological electrocardiogram pattern. RESULTS The patient population (n = 764) comprised 352 patients with RA, 260 with SAI, and 152 with SpA. After a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 6.0% of RD patients had died (7.0%, 7.2%, and 1.4% of patients in the RA, SAI, and SpA subgroups), and 5.0% had experienced a cardiovascular event (5.0%, 6.4%, and 2.8%, respectively). For all RD patients and the RA and SAI subgroups, NT-proBNP ≥ 200 pg/mL and SCORE ≥ 3% identified patients with a 3.5-5-fold increased risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events. Electrocardiogram pathology was associated with increased mortality risk, but not with cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION NT-proBNP ≥ 200 pg/mL or SCORE ≥ 3% identifies RA and SAI patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. Both tools are suitable as easy screening tools in daily practice to identify patients at risk for further diagnostics and closer long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Breunig
- a Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg , University Hospital and University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,b Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - S Kleinert
- c Medical Practice for Rheumatology and Nephrology , Erlangen , Germany.,d Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - S Lehmann
- a Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg , University Hospital and University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - C Kneitz
- e Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Rostock Clinic South , Rostock , Germany
| | - M Feuchtenberger
- d Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,f Department of Internal Medicine II , Hospital Burghausen , Burghausen , Germany
| | - H-P Tony
- d Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - C E Angermann
- a Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg , University Hospital and University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,b Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - G Ertl
- a Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg , University Hospital and University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,b Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - S Störk
- a Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg , University Hospital and University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,b Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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759
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK.
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760
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Cho SK, Kim D, Won S, Lee J, Park B, Jang EJ, Bae SC, Sung YK. Impact of anti-rheumatic treatment on cardiovascular risk in Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:501-506. [PMID: 28863826 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the impact of anti-rheumatic treatment on the development of CVD. METHODS A retrospective cohort of Asian patients with RA was established to identify the incidence rate (IR) of CVD in RA patients. The cohort was generated using the Korean National Healthcare claims database, which contained claims from Jan 2009 to Dec 2013. A total of 137,512 RA patients were identified; individuals with a history of CVD for 6 months or more before the index date were excluded. Nested case-control samples were drawn from the full study population with a case:control ratio of 1:4 (n = 7102 cases; n = 27,018 controls without CVD). A conditional multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the impact of anti-rheumatic treatment on the development of CVD in RA patients after matching for age, sex, RA index date, comorbidities, and drug use (e.g., antiplatelet agents and cholesterol-lowering agents). RESULTS The IR for development of overall CVD in RA patients was 182.1 (95% CI: 178.4-185.9) per 10,000 person-years. In models adjusted for other CVD risk factors, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (OR = 0.79) were protective against CVD, and biologic DMARDs were not significantly associated with CVD risk (OR = 0.85). Corticosteroids (OR = 1.26) and NSAIDs (nonselective NSAIDs: OR = 1.32, Cox-2 inhibitors: OR = 1.31) were risk factors for CVD in RA patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of DMARDs is protective against CVD, while corticosteroids and NSAIDs increased the risk of CVD in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dam Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Won
- Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), Seoul, South Korea
| | - ByeongJu Park
- Department of Statistics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Jang
- Department of Information Statistics, Andong National University, Andong-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea; Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), Seoul, South Korea.
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761
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Ruscitti P, Ursini F, Cipriani P, Ciccia F, Liakouli V, Carubbi F, Guggino G, Berardicurti O, Grembiale R, Triolo G, De Sarro G, Giacomelli R. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7896. [PMID: 28834907 PMCID: PMC5572029 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the better management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has significantly improved the long-term outcome of affected patients, a significant proportion of these may develop associated comorbidities including cardiometabolic complications. However, it must be pointed out that a comprehensive cardiometabolic evaluation is still poorly integrated into the management of RA patients, due to a limited awareness of the problem, a lack of appropriate clinical studies, and optimal strategies for cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction in RA. In addition, although several studies investigated the possible association between traditional CV risk factors and RA, conflicting results are still available.On this basis, we planned this cross-sectional study, aimed at investigating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in RA patients compared with age- and gender- matched control individuals. Furthermore, we analyzed the role of both traditional and RA-related CV risk factors in predicting T2D and IFG.We observed an increased prevalence of T2D in RA patients when compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Regression analyses demonstrated that the presence of high blood pressure (HBP), a longer disease duration, and exposure to corticosteroids (CCS) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being classified as T2D. In addition, we observed an increased prevalence of IFG in RA patients when compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Regression analyses demonstrated that a higher body mass index (BMI), the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), higher levels of total cholesterol, the presence of radiographic damage, and higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of presenting IFG.In this cross-sectional study, we observed an increased prevalence of T2D and IFG in an Italian cohort of RA patients when compared with age- and gender-matched control individuals. Interestingly, both RA-specific features, such as disease duration, CCS exposure, and radiographic damage, and traditional CV risk factors, such as HBP and MetS, were significantly associated with glucose metabolism abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | | | - Giovanni Triolo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
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762
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Gualtierotti R, Ughi N, Marfia G, Ingegnoli F. Practical Management of Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2017; 4:293-308. [PMID: 28752316 PMCID: PMC5696280 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-017-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities are a frequent extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) with accelerated atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with RA. Subclinical CVD may be present since the early phase of RA. Not only traditional but also non-traditional CV risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of RA-related CVD. Due to the lack of specifically designed randomized clinical trials, it is still unclear which tools to use to perform CV risk assessment, how to interpret the results and which interventions are appropriate in RA patients both to prevent and to manage CVD. Based on the available evidence, we propose a practical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gualtierotti
- Division of Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ughi
- Division of Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Neurosurgery Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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763
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Unmet Needs in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 55:254-270. [PMID: 28741263 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The developments that have taken place in recent decades in the diagnosis and therapy of a number of diseases have led to improvements in prognosis and life expectancy. As a consequence, there has been an increase in the number of patients affected by chronic diseases and who can face new pathologies during their lifetime. The prevalence of chronic heart failure, for example, is approximately 1-2% of the adult population in developed countries, rising to ≥10% among people >70 years of age; in 2015, more than 85 million people in Europe were living with some sort of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Lubrano and Balzan World J Exp Med 5:21-32, 5; Takahashi et al. Circ J 72:867-72, 8; Kaptoge et al. Lancet 375:132-40, 9). Chronic disease can become, in turn, a major risk factor for other diseases. Furthermore, several new drugs have entered clinical practice whose adverse effects on multiple organs are still to be evaluated. All this necessarily involves a multidisciplinary vision of medicine, where the physician must view the patient as a whole and where collaboration between the various specialists plays a key role. An example of what has been said so far is the relationship between CVD and chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs). Patients with chronic CVD may develop a CID within their lifetime, and, vice versa, a CID can be a risk factor for the development of CVD. Moreover, drugs used for the treatment of CIDs may have side effects involving the cardiovascular system and thus may be contraindicated. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the close relationship between these two groups of diseases and to provide recommendations on the diagnostic approach and treatments in light of the most recent scientific data available.
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764
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Ruscitti P, Ursini F, Cipriani P, Liakouli V, Carubbi F, Berardicurti O, De Sarro G, Giacomelli R. Poor clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis is the main risk factor for diabetes development in the short-term: A 1-year, single-centre, longitudinal study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181203. [PMID: 28704564 PMCID: PMC5507528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) provided different sets of recommendations for the management of cardiovascular risk in inflammatory arthritis patients, it must be pointed out that cardiometabolic comorbidity, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), remains still underdiagnosed and undertreated in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In this work, we designed a single centre, prospective study in order to better investigate the occurrence of T2D during the course of 1 year of follow-up. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of both traditional cardiovascular and RA-specific related risk factors to predict the occurrence of new T2D. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated 439 consecutive RA patients and we observed that 7.1% of our patients (31/439) developed T2D, after 12 month of prospective follow-up. The regression analysis showed that the presence of high blood pressure, the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at the first observation and the poor EULAR-DAS28 response, after 12 months of follow-up, were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being classified as T2D. Similarly, we observed that 7.7% of our patients (34/439) showed IFG after 12 months of prospective follow-up. The regression analysis showed that the presence of high blood pressure and the poor EULAR-DAS28 response after 12 months of follow-up, were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of showing IFG. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the hypothesis of a significant short-term risk of T2D in RA patients and of a close associations between uncontrolled disease activity and glucose metabolism derangement. Further multicentre, randomised-controlled studies are surely needed in order to elucidate these findings and to better ascertain the possible contribution of different therapeutic regimens to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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765
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Oza A, Lu N, Schoenfeld SR, Fisher MC, Dubreuil M, Rai SK, Zhang Y, Choi HK. Survival benefit of statin use in ankylosing spondylitis: a general population-based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1737-1742. [PMID: 28698231 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have shown an increase in both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We examined the potential survival benefit of statin use in AS within a general population context. METHODS We performed an incident user cohort study with time-stratified propensity score matching using a UK general population database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2014. To account for potential confounders, we compared propensity score-matched cohorts of statin initiators and non-initiators using 1-year cohort accrual blocks. The variables used to create the propensity score model included disease duration, body mass index, lifestyle factors, comorbidities and medication use. RESULTS Using unmatched AS cohorts, statin initiators (n=1430) showed a 43% higher risk of mortality than non-initiators (n=1430) (HR=1.43; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.84). After propensity score matching, patients with AS who initiated statins (n=1108) had 96 deaths, and matched non-initiators (n=1108) had 134 deaths over a mean follow-up of 5.3 and 5.1 years, respectively. This corresponded to mortality rates of 16.5 and 23.8 per 1000 person-years (PY), respectively, resulting in an HR of 0.63 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.85) and an absolute mortality rate difference of 7.3 deaths per 1000 PY (95% CI 2.1 to 12.5). CONCLUSION This general population-based cohort study suggests that statin initiation is associated with a substantially lower risk of mortality among patients with AS. The magnitude of the inverse association appears to be larger than that observed in randomised trials of the general population and in population-based cohort studies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Oza
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara R Schoenfeld
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark C Fisher
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maureen Dubreuil
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharan K Rai
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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766
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Prevalence of comorbidities in Mexican mestizo patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1507-1511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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767
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Lipids and lipid changes with synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for cardiovascular risk. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:277-284. [PMID: 28207495 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recently published studies addressing lipid changes with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use and outline implications on cardiovascular outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RECENT FINDINGS Growing evidence suggests lower lipid levels are present in patients with active RA vs. general population, and significant modifications of lipid profile with inflammation suppression. Increase in lipid levels in patients with RA on synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs may be accompanied by antiatherogenic changes in lipid composition and function. The impact of lipid changes on cardiovascular outcomes in RA is a subject of active research. The role of lipids in cardiovascular risk in RA may be overpowered by the benefits of inflammation suppression with antirheumatic medication use. Recommendations on lipid management in RA are evolving but uncertainty exists regarding frequency of lipid testing and goals of treatment. SUMMARY Knowledge about quantitative and qualitative lipid changes in RA is expanding. The relative role of lipids in cardiovascular risk in the context of systemic inflammation and antirheumatic therapy remains uncertain, delaying development of effective strategies for cardiovascular risk management in RA. Studies are underway to address these knowledge gaps and may be expected to inform cardiovascular risk management in RA and the general population.
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768
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Wibetoe G, Ikdahl E, Rollefstad S, Olsen IC, Bergsmark K, Kvien TK, Salberg A, Soldal DM, Bakland G, Lexberg Å, Fevang BT, Gulseth HC, Haugeberg G, Semb AG. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles in inflammatory joint disease entities. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:153. [PMID: 28673314 PMCID: PMC5496163 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our aim was to compare CVD risk profiles in patients with IJD, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and evaluate the future risk of CVD. Methods The prevalence and numbers of major CVD risk factors (CVD-RFs) (hypertension, elevated cholesterol, obesity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus) were estimated in patients with RA, axSpA and PsA. Relative and absolute risk of CVD according to Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) was calculated. Results In total, 3791 patients were included. CVD was present in 274 patients (7.2%). Of those without established CVD; hypertension and elevated cholesterol were the most frequent CVD-RFs, occurring in 49.8% and 32.8% of patients. Patients with PsA were more often hypertensive and obese. Overall, 73.6% of patients had a minimum of one CVD-RF, which increased from 53.2% among patients aged 30 to <45 years, to 86.2% of patients aged 60 to ≤80 years. Most patients (93.5%) had low/moderate estimated risk of CVD according to SCORE. According to relative risk estimations, 35.2% and 24.7% of patients had two or three times risk or higher, respectively, compared to individuals with no CVD-RFs. Conclusions In this nationwide Norwegian project, we have shown for the first time that prevalence and numbers of CVD-RFs were relatively comparable across the three major IJD entities. Furthermore, estimated absolute CVD risk was low, but the relative risk of CVD was markedly high in patients with IJD. Our findings indicate the need for CVD risk assessment in all patients with IJD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1358-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grunde Wibetoe
- Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 23, Vinderen, N-0319, Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eirik Ikdahl
- Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 23, Vinderen, N-0319, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Rollefstad
- Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 23, Vinderen, N-0319, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge C Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bergsmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Salberg
- Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Dag Magnar Soldal
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Gunnstein Bakland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Åse Lexberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Bjørg-Tilde Fevang
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Glenn Haugeberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Martina Hansens Hospital, Bærum, Norway
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 23, Vinderen, N-0319, Oslo, Norway
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769
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, López-Mejías R, Alonso-Castro S, Abal F, Ballina-García FJ, González-Gay MÁ, Suárez A. High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: A potential link among inflammation, oxidative status, and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1043-1054.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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770
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Aslan AN, Şirin Özcan AN, Erten Ş, Alsancak Y, Durmaz T. Assessment of local carotid stiffness in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2017.1343493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Nabi Aslan
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Şirin Özcan
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Rheumatology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yakup Alsancak
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tahir Durmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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771
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Okano T, Inui K, Sugioka Y, Sugioka K, Matsumura Y, Takahashi S, Tada M, Mamoto K, Wakitani S, Koike T, Nakamura H. High titer of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody is a risk factor for severe carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the TOMORROW study. Int J Rheum Dis 2017. [PMID: 28627096 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cardiovascular disease is one of the complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We researched the morbidity and severity of existing carotid atherosclerosis plaque and associated risk factors in patients with RA. METHOD This study included 413 participants, including 208 patients with RA and 205 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Carotid ultrasound, clinical data collection and assessment of cardiovascular risk factors were performed. Atherosclerotic plaque was defined as an intima-media thickness ≥ 1.1 mm. Severity of plaque was assessed by plaque score, defined as the sum of the maximal thickness of all plaques in bilateral carotid arteries. RESULTS Data were analyzed from 200 patients with RA and 202 controls. Carotid plaque was observed more frequently in patients with RA than controls (47.0 vs. 36.1%, P = 0.027). Moreover, plaque score was significantly higher in RA patients (P = 0.032). In logistic regression analysis, RA represented an independent risk factor for the presence of plaque (adjusted odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.74). Comparing RA patients with and without plaque, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies titer was significantly higher in patients with plaque (315.8 ± 454.1 U/mL) than in patients without (165.7 ± 281.1 U/mL; P = 0.005). Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis clarified that anti-CCP antibody titer was associated with plaque score in patients with RA. CONCLUSION High prevalence of any carotid plaques and severe carotid plaques were more frequent in patients with RA. High titer of anti-CCP antibodies represented a risk factor for severe carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Okano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sugioka
- Center for Senile Degenerative Disorders (CSDD), Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Matsumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Wakitani
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Koike
- Center for Senile Degenerative Disorders (CSDD), Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Search Institute for Bone and Arthritis Disease (SINBAD), Shirahama Foundation for Health and Welfare, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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772
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Welsh P, Grassia G, Botha S, Sattar N, Maffia P. Targeting inflammation to reduce cardiovascular disease risk: a realistic clinical prospect? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3898-3913. [PMID: 28409825 PMCID: PMC5660005 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from basic science experiments is overwhelmingly supportive of the causal role of immune-inflammatory response(s) at the core of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the theoretical potential to manipulate the inflammatory response to prevent cardiovascular events. However, extrapolation to humans requires care and we still lack definitive evidence to show that interfering in immune-inflammatory processes may safely lessen clinical atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss key therapeutic targets in the treatment of vascular inflammation, placing basic research in a wider clinical perspective, as well as identifying outstanding questions. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Grassia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shani Botha
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, South Africa
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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773
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Bartoloni E, Alunno A, Valentini V, Luccioli F, Valentini E, La Paglia G, Bistoni O, Gerli R. Role of Inflammatory Diseases in Hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2017; 24:353-361. [PMID: 28597352 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-017-0214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) are characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms, including early acceleration of subclinical atherosclerotic damage, inflammatory markers and immune system deregulation factors, have been demonstrated to strictly interplay for development and progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, traditional CV risk factors are likely to explain at least some of the excess of CV risk in these patients. Among traditional CV risk factors, compelling evidence suggests a higher incidence and prevalence of hypertension in patients with CID in comparison to the general population. Moreover, hypertension represents an important predictor of CV events in these patients. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the rise of blood pressure in CID are multifactorial and still poorly investigated. Indeed, multiple disease-related factors may affect blood pressure control in these patients and hypertension may affect disease prognosis and increase CV risk. Better knowledge of the complex interplay between hypertension and CID will be important to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and to improve CV outcome in these patients. Aim of this review is to highlight available evidence on the relationship between hypertension and CID and to elucidate the multiple factors that may affect blood pressure control in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - V Valentini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Luccioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valentini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G La Paglia
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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774
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Sicherheit und Wirksamkeitshinweise zum Off-label-Einsatz von Biologikatherapien nach Versagen
konventioneller Therapien bei Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Z Rheumatol 2017; 77:28-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-017-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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775
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Myasoedova E, Gabriel SE, Matteson EL, Davis JM, Therneau TM, Crowson CS. Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in Recent Years: Dawn of a New Era in Cardiovascular Disease in RA? J Rheumatol 2017; 44:732-739. [PMID: 28365576 PMCID: PMC5457313 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2000-07 versus the previous decades, compared with non-RA subjects. METHODS The study population consisted of Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA residents with incident RA (age ≥ 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria was met in 1980-2007) and non-RA subjects from the same underlying population with similar age, sex, and calendar year of index. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2014. Followup was truncated for comparability. Aalen-Johansen methods were used to estimate CV mortality rates, adjusting for competing risk of other causes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare CV mortality by decade. RESULTS The study included 813 patients with RA and 813 non-RA subjects (mean age 55.9 yrs; 68% women for both groups). Patients with incident RA in 2000-07 had markedly lower 10-year overall CV mortality (2.7%, 95% CI 0.6-4.9%) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (1.1%, 95% CI 0.0-2.7%) than patients diagnosed in 1990-99 (7.1%, 95% CI 3.9-10.1% and 4.5%, 95% CI 1.9-7.1%, respectively; HR for overall CV death: 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.94; CHD death: HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.95). This improvement in CV mortality persisted after accounting for CV risk factors. Ten-year overall CV mortality and CHD mortality in 2000-07 RA incidence cohort was similar to non-RA subjects (p = 0.95 and p = 0.79, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest significantly improved overall CV mortality, particularly CHD mortality, in patients with RA in recent years. Further studies are needed to examine the reasons for this improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Myasoedova
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
| | - Sherine E Gabriel
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Eric L Matteson
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - John M Davis
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Terry M Therneau
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
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776
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Ten Brinck RM, de Moel EC, van der Pol JA, van Beest S, de Koning A, Huizinga TWJ. Is optimising gout treatment the key to closing the mortality gap in gout patients? Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:e2. [PMID: 28546256 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Ten Brinck
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emma C de Moel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joy A van der Pol
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Beest
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anoek de Koning
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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777
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Bengtsson K, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Lie E, Klingberg E, Dehlin M, Exarchou S, Lindström U, Askling J, Jacobsson LTH. Are ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events? A prospective nationwide population-based cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:102. [PMID: 28521824 PMCID: PMC5437558 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the risk of first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA), compared to each other and to the general population (GP). Methods This is a prospective nationwide cohort study. Cohorts with AS (n = 6448), PsA (n = 16,063) and uSpA (n = 5190) patients and a GP (n = 266,435) cohort, were identified 2001–2009 in the Swedish National Patient and Population registers. The follow-up began 1 January 2006, or 6 months after the first registered spondyloarthritis (SpA) diagnosis thereafter, and ended at ACS/stroke/VTE event, death, emigration or 31 December 2012. Crude and age- and sex-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for incident ACS, stroke or VTE, respectively. Results Standardized to the GP cohort, SIRs for ACS were 4.3, 5.4 and 4.7 events per 1000 person-years at risk in the AS, PsA and uSpA cohort, respectively, compared to 3.2 in the GP cohort. SIRs for stroke were 5.4, 5.9 and 5.7 events per 1000 person-years at risk in the AS, PsA and uSpA cohort compared to 4.7 in the GP cohort. Corresponding SIRs for VTE were 3.6, 3.2 and 3.5 events per 1000 person-years at risk compared to 2.2 in the GP cohort. Age-and sex-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for ACS events were significantly increased in AS (1.54 (1.31–1.82)), PsA (1.76 (1.59–1.95)) and uSpA (1.36 (1.05–1.76)) compared to GP. Age-adjusted HRs for ACS was significantly decreased in female AS patients (0.59 (0.37–0.97)) compared to female PsA patients. Age-and sex-adjusted HRs for stroke events were significantly increased in AS (1.25 (1.06–1.48)) and PsA (1.34 (1.22–1.48)), and nonsignificantly increased in uSpA (1.16 (0.91–1.47)) compared to GP. For VTE the age-and sex-adjusted HRs for AS, PsA and uSpA were equally and significantly increased with about 50% compared to GP. Conclusions Patients with AS, PsA and uSpA are at increased risk for ACS and stroke events, which emphasizes the importance of identification of and intervention against cardiovascular risk factors in SpA patients. Increased alertness for VTE is warranted in patients with SpA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1315-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Helena Forsblad-d'Elia
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Lie
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Dehlin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Exarchou
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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778
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Daïen CI, Tubery A, Cailar GD, Mura T, Roubille F, Morel J, Bousquet J, Fesler P, Combe B. Application of the 2015/2016 EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular risk in daily practice: data from an observational study. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:625-626. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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779
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González C, Curbelo Rodríguez R, Torre-Alonso JC, Collantes E, Castañeda S, Hernández MV, Urruticoechea-Arana A, Nieto-González JC, García J, Abad MÁ, Ramírez J, Suárez C, Dalmau R, Martín-Arranz MD, León L, Hermosa JC, Obaya JC, Otón T, Carmona L. Recommendations for the Management of Comorbidity in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis in Clinical Practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:346-359. [PMID: 28461161 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify priorities among comorbidities in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and recommend how to follow them from an eminently practical perspective. METHODS A multidisciplinary group was selected (10 rheumatologists-six of them experts in AxSpA-, 2 general practitioners, an internist, a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist and a psychologist). In a first discussion meeting, the scope and users were established and a list of comorbidities was voted based on frequency and impact. The panelists had to defend the inclusion of each comorbidity/item in the document with consistent arguments. Four panelists and two methodologists developed systematic reviews on controversial topics. In a second meeting, the results of the reviews and the arguments concerning the items to be included were presented. After the meeting, the final document was drafted. RESULTS The final document includes two checklists, one for health professionals and another for patients; they incorporate cardiovascular risk, renal comorbidities, gastrointestinal risk, lifestyle, risk of infections and vaccinations, pulmonary involvement, concomitant medication, psycho-affective disorders, osteoporosis, and risk of fracture. In addition, the document reflects the arguments favoring the inclusion of each item and how to record the items for subsequent collection. The panel considered it also appropriate to likewise establish «practices to avoid» applicable to comorbidity in AxSpA. CONCLUSIONS Two checklists and a list of situations to avoid were generated to facilitate the management of comorbidities in AxSpA. In a future step, their utility and acceptance will be tested by a broad group of users that includes doctors, patients and nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | | | | | - Eduardo Collantes
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa IIS-Princesa, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | - Javier García
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Abad
- Unidad de Reumatología, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, España
| | - Julio Ramírez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | - Carmen Suárez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Regina Dalmau
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | | | - Leticia León
- IdISSC Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | | | | | - Teresa Otón
- Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética, Madrid, España
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780
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Lauper K, Gabay C. Cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:447-459. [PMID: 28455580 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiologic data have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Traditional CV risk factors may partly contribute to CV disease in RA; however, current evidence underlines the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and amplification of CV risk. Interplays between inflammation and lipid metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis have been established by recent scientific advances. Atherosclerosis is currently viewed as an inflammatory disease, and modifications of lipoproteins during inflammation accelerate atherogenesis. The role of inflammation in the increased CV risk in RA has been further demonstrated by the CV protective effect of methotrexate and TNF antagonists, particularly in patients responding to these treatments. The management of CV risk in RA should include the use of effective disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs to control disease activity and the treatment of traditional CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lauper
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 26 Avenue Beau-Séjour, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 26 Avenue Beau-Séjour, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
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781
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Torre-Alonso JC, Carmona L, Moreno M, Galíndez E, Babío J, Zarco P, Linares L, Collantes-Estevez E, Barrial MF, Hermosa JC, Coto P, Suárez C, Almodóvar R, Luelmo J, Castañeda S, Gratacós J. Identification and management of comorbidity in psoriatic arthritis: evidence- and expert-based recommendations from a multidisciplinary panel from Spain. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1239-1248. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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782
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Popa CD. Cardiovascular risk management in rheumatoid arthritis: challenges ahead. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1443-1444. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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783
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Schieir O, Tosevski C, Glazier RH, Hogg-Johnson S, Badley EM. Incident myocardial infarction associated with major types of arthritis in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1396-1404. [PMID: 28219882 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise, quantify and compare risks for incident myocardial infarction (MI) across five major types of arthritis in population-based studies. METHODS A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases with additional manual/hand searches for population-based cohort or case-control studies published in English of French between January 1980 and January 2015 with a measure of effect and variance for associations between incident MI and five major types of arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout or osteoarthritis (OA), adjusted for at least age and sex. All search screening, data abstraction quality appraisals were performed independently by two reviewers. Where appropriate, random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results from studies with a minimum of 10 events. RESULTS We identified a total of 4, 285 articles; 27 met review criteria and 25 criteria for meta-analyses. In studies adjusting for age and sex, MI risk was significantly increased in RA (pooled relative risk (RR): 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.90), gout (pooled RR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.73), PsA (pooled RR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69), OA (pooled RR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71) and tended towards increased risk in AS (pooled RR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65). Traditional risk factors were more prevalent in all types of arthritis. MI risk was attenuated for each type of arthritis in studies adjusting for traditional risk factors and remained significantly increased in RA, PsA and gout. CONCLUSIONS MI risk was consistently increased in multiple types of arthritis in population-based studies, and was partially explained by a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors in all types of arthritis. Findings support more integrated cardiovascular (CV) prevention strategies for arthritis populations that target both reducing inflammation and enhancing management of traditional CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Schieir
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Richard H Glazier
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth M Badley
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Health Care & Outcomes Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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784
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Galarza-Delgado DA, Azpiri-Lopez JR, Colunga-Pedraza IJ, Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Vera-Pineda R, Serna-Peña G, Arvizu-Rivera RI, Martinez-Moreno A, Wah-Suarez M, Garza Elizondo MA. Assessment of six cardiovascular risk calculators in Mexican mestizo patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to the EULAR 2015/2016 recommendations for cardiovascular risk management. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1387-1393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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785
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Bua S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Vullo D, Ghelardini C, Bartolucci G, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, Carta F. Design and Synthesis of Novel Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Hybrids (NSAIDs-CAIs) for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1159-1170. [PMID: 28075587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a series of hybrid compounds incorporating 6- and 7-substituted coumarins (carbonic anhydrase, CA inhibitors) derivatized with clinically used NSAIDs (indomethacin, sulindac, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac, etc., cyclooxygenase inhibitors) as agents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Most compounds were effective in inhibiting the RA overexpressed hCA IX and XII, with KI values in the low nanomolar-subnanomolar ranges. The antihyperalgesic activity of such compounds was assessed by means of the paw-pressure and incapacitance tests using an in vivo RA model. Among all tested compounds, the 7-coumarine hybrid with ibuprofen showed potent and persistent antihyperalgesic effect up to 60 min after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bua
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence , 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, University of Florence , Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence , 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, University of Florence , Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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786
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Schneider M. [New options for the practice : Update S1/S2 guidelines on rheumatoid arthritis?]. Z Rheumatol 2017; 76:125-132. [PMID: 28102443 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines are important tools for evidence-based pharmacological treatment of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Recommendations assist physicians in identifying the best form of treatment but ultimately, the final decision is based on joint participation by the patient and physician. Nowadays, general concepts, such as treat to target seem to be more important in rheumatoid arthritis than differencies between various drugs or drug classes. The universal recommendation to use methotrexate as the initial disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) is driven more by economic reasons than by scientific data, which is not completely wrong but should be disclosed. For the future, more differentiated recommendations need better individual risk stratification and more distinct profiling of the different substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schneider
- Poliklinik und Funktionsbereich für Rheumatologie, Hiller Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, HHUD Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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787
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Dalbeni A, Giollo A, Tagetti A, Atanasio S, Orsolini G, Cioffi G, Ognibeni F, Rossini M, Minuz P, Fava C, Viapiana O. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors or inflammation: Which factors accelerate atherosclerosis in arthritis patients? Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:488-492. [PMID: 28109577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis experience an increased incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. In addition to visualizing atherosclerotic plaques, ultrasound examinations (USs) of the carotid arteries permit the measurement of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis, such as intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid segmental distensibility (cDC). The aims of the study were to identify the determinants of atherosclerosis acceleration (plaques, cIMT and cDC) in a sample of patients suffering from chronic arthritis and to compare these patients with a control group of people with ≤1 traditional risk factor (TRF) for CV disease. METHODS We recruited 137 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 43 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 28 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 48 healthy volunteers without histories of previous CV events. These patients underwent carotid artery US examinations using dedicated hardware. RESULTS Regression and multivariate analyses demonstrated that only age (p<0.001) was consistently associated with cDC, cIMT and atherosclerotic plaques, both in the entire sample of patients with arthritis and in the subgroup of patients with RA. Among modifiable TRFs for cardiovascular disease, only hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking exhibited associations with some carotid phenotypes, with borderline significance. When patients with RA carrying ≤1 TRF were compared with control subjects carrying ≤1 TRF, only cDC was slightly lower in the RA group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Age is the major determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with different types of arthritis, as the contributions of other TRFs and disease activity and duration indices to the disease seem to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalbeni
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - A Giollo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Tagetti
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Atanasio
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Orsolini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Cioffi
- Department of Cardiology, Villa Bianca Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - F Ognibeni
- Department of Cardiology, Villa Bianca Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - M Rossini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - P Minuz
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Fava
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - O Viapiana
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
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788
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789
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Peres D, Tordi N, Sagawa Y, Guillot X, Prati C, Domenech S. ATIVIDADE DA DOENÇA, DEFICIÊNCIA FUNCIONAL, NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E KINESIOFOBIA NA ARTRITE REUMATOIDE. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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790
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Cardiovascular risk profiles in a hospital-based population of patients with psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2016; 37:113-120. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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791
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Heslinga M, Nurmohamed MT. Cardiovascular Disease Reduction in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Statins: The Final Evidence? J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1950-1952. [PMID: 27803339 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Heslinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Jan van Breemen Research Institute Reade, Amsterdam
| | - Michael T Nurmohamed
- Department of Rheumatology, Jan van Breemen Research Institute Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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