851
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Ensink K, Bégin M, Normandin L, Fonagy P. Parental reflective functioning as a moderator of child internalizing difficulties in the context of child sexual abuse. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:361-366. [PMID: 28803093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to examine pathways from child sexual abuse (CSA) and maternal mentalizing to child internalizing and externalizing difficulties and to test a model of MRF as a moderator of the relationships between CSA and child difficulties. The sample was comprised of 154 mothers and children aged 2-12 where 64 children had experienced CSA. To assess parental mentalizing the Parental Development Interview was rated with the Parental Reflective Functioning Scale. Child internalizing and externalizing difficulties were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results indicate that there were significant inverse relationships between maternal mentalizing and child internalizing and externalizing difficulties. When maternal mentalizing was considered together with CSA, only maternal mentalizing was a significant predictor of child difficulties. Furthermore, maternal mentalizing moderated the relationship between CSA and child internalizing difficulties. These findings provide evidence of the importance of the parents' mentalizing stance for psychiatric symptoms of children aged 2-12, as well as children's recovery from CSA. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ensink
- Université Laval École de psychologie, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Michaël Bégin
- Université Laval École de psychologie, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Lina Normandin
- Université Laval École de psychologie, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Peter Fonagy
- University College London, Psychoanalysis Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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852
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Böthig AM, Hayn-Leichsenring GU. Taste in Art-Exposure to Histological Stains Shapes Abstract Art Preferences. Iperception 2017; 8:2041669517736073. [PMID: 29057066 PMCID: PMC5642007 DOI: 10.1177/2041669517736073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to art increases the appreciation of artworks. Here, we showed that this effect is domain independent. After viewing images of histological stains in a lecture, ratings increased for restricted subsets of abstract art images. In contrast, a lecture on art history generally enhanced ratings for all art images presented, while a lecture on town history without any visual stimuli did not increase the ratings. Therefore, we found a domain-independent exposure effect of images of histological stains to particular abstract paintings. This finding suggests that the ‘taste’ for abstract art is altered by visual impressions that are presented outside of an artistic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Böthig
- Psychology of Beauty Group, Institute of Anatomy I, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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853
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Petrović IB, Vukelić M, Čizmić S. Work Engagement in Serbia: Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Front Psychol 2017; 8:1799. [PMID: 29085319 PMCID: PMC5650702 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Work engagement is defined as a positive, affective-motivational state of work-related well-being characterized by vigor, dedication and absorption. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is the most frequently used measure of work engagement. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Serbian versions of the UWES-17 and UWES-9. The sample consisted of 860 employees from a number of organizations and jobs across Serbia. Based on the UWES-17 findings, the data confirm both the three-factor and one-factor solutions by giving a slight advantage to the three-factor solution. As for the UWES-9, based on the PCFA and CFA, the one-factor solution was obtained as the preferred one. Taking into account the UWES-9 reliability and correlation patterns of its subscales with other well-being variables, both one- and three-factor solutions of the UWES-9 are suggested for future research. Serbian versions of both the UWES-17 and UWES-9 have satisfactory psychometric properties with high reliability, factorial structure in line with the theoretical model, and good predictive validity. The study contributes to enhanced understanding of work engagement by offering an insight from the Serbian cultural and economic context, significantly different from the UWES originating setting. There is still a need for exploring how employees from Serbia conceptualize work engagement, as well as for further, more stringent investigating of the cultural invariance of the UWES factorial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana B. Petrović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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854
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Međedović J, Čolović P, Dinić BM, Smederevac S. The HEXACO Personality Inventory: Validation and Psychometric Properties in the Serbian Language. J Pers Assess 2017; 101:25-31. [PMID: 28980831 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1370426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to validate the HEXACO model of personality in the Serbian language through psychometric validation of the 100-item version of the HEXACO-PI-R. The research was conducted on 2 independent samples, the first comprising 1,217 participants from a community sample (55.5% females; average age = 31.77 years), and the second 345 undergraduate students (65% females; average age = 21 years). Besides the HEXACO-PI-R, 2 questionnaires were applied for the purposes of convergent validation: the Big Five Plus Two (BF+2), measuring 7 lexical personality dimensions (applied in Sample 1), and the Big Five Inventory (BFI; applied in Sample 2). Factor structure of the HEXACO-PI-R is in line with model assumptions. Convergent validity is good, whereby Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness are highly correlated to their BFI and BF+2 counterparts. Honesty-Humility is most closely related to Negative Valence (BF+2), Emotionality to BFI Neuroticism, and Agreeableness to BF+2 Aggressiveness and BFI Agreeableness. The results point to the satisfactory validity of the HEXACO model and its measure in the Serbian language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Međedović
- a Department of Applied Psychology , Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University , Belgrade , Serbia.,b Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Petar Čolović
- c Department of Psychology , Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Bojana M Dinić
- c Department of Psychology , Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Snežana Smederevac
- c Department of Psychology , Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad , Serbia
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855
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Nazzaro MP, Boldrini T, Tanzilli A, Muzi L, Giovanardi G, Lingiardi V. Does reflective functioning mediate the relationship between attachment and personality? Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28645076 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mentalization, operationalized as reflective functioning (RF), can play a crucial role in the psychological mechanisms underlying personality functioning. This study aimed to: (a) study the association between RF, personality disorders (cluster level) and functioning; (b) investigate whether RF and personality functioning are influenced by (secure vs. insecure) attachment; and (c) explore the potential mediating effect of RF on the relationship between attachment and personality functioning. The Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200) was used to assess personality disorders and levels of psychological functioning in a clinical sample (N = 88). Attachment and RF were evaluated with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and Reflective Functioning Scale (RFS). Findings showed that RF had significant negative associations with cluster A and B personality disorders, and a significant positive association with psychological functioning. Moreover, levels of RF and personality functioning were influenced by attachment patterns. Finally, RF completely mediated the relationship between (secure/insecure) attachment and adaptive psychological features, and thus accounted for differences in overall personality functioning. Lack of mentalization seemed strongly associated with vulnerabilities in personality functioning, especially in patients with cluster A and B personality disorders. These findings provide support for the development of therapeutic interventions to improve patients' RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Nazzaro
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Boldrini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tanzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Muzi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Giovanardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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856
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Lado MJ, Cuesta P, García Caballero A, Vila XA. Influence of visual elicitation over emotion regulation: An investigation employing the heart rate variability. J Integr Neurosci 2017; 16:209-226. [PMID: 28891510 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several works studied the elicitation of emotions through the exposure of individuals to relevant stimuli, using spectral analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) when people are subject to emotional elicitation. If correlation exists between HRV and emotional responses, spectral analysis can be used to study emotion regulation under external stimuli. In this work, we studied the relationship between visual elicitation and emotion regulation, employing HRV. Images (with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral emotional content) were selected from the IAPS (International Affective Picture System) dataset. Ninety-eight participants were enrolled, and subject to view all images, displayed in random order for each participant. Heart rate was recorded during the experiment, and HRV analysis was performed. Spectral values were studied for the different images. The presentation order of images was relevant, mainly when unpleasant images were viewed in first place; this significantly affects HRV values. Spectral values were higher for men, being this difference stronger when pleasant pictures were displayed. Age and gender dependences of spectral indexes were found. The influence of visual elicitation, with different emotional contents, over HRV, was assessed. Results indicate that HRV parameters are affected when individuals are subject to external, emotional-based stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Lado
- Department of Computer Science, ESEI, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - P Cuesta
- Department of Computer Science, ESEI, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Xosé A Vila
- Department of Computer Science, ESEI, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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857
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Zeng T, Mao W, Liu R. Structural priming from arithmetic to language in Chinese: Evidence from adults and children. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2017; 71:1552-1560. [PMID: 28856959 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1340968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article explores structural integration between arithmetic and language by investigating whether the structure of an arithmetic equation influences the way children and adults interpret Chinese sentences in the form of NP1 + VP1 + NP2 + VP2, where VP2 can attach high as a predicate of NP1 or attach low as a predicate of NP2. Participants first solved an arithmetic problem where the last number was to be attached high (e.g., (5 + 1 + 2) × 3) or low (e.g., 5 + (1 + 2 × 3)) and then provided a completion to a preamble in the form of NP1 + VP1 + NP2 + HEN "very" . . . or decided on the meaning of an ambiguous sentence. The way the ambiguous sentences were completed and interpreted was primed by the structure of the preceding arithmetic problem (i.e., a high-attachment prime led to more high-attachment completions and interpretation) in both children and adults. This study found cross-domain priming from arithmetic equations to language, which offered empirical evidence for the shared syntactic integration resource hypothesis and the syntactic working memory theory. It was also found that children were more susceptible to such priming, which provided some tentative evidence for the Incremental Procedural Account proposed by Scheepers et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- 1 Hunan University, Changsha, China.,2 Hunan Provincial Research Center for Language and Cognition, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Mao
- 1 Hunan University, Changsha, China
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858
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Mozumder MK. Validation of Bengali perceived stress scale among LGBT population. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:314. [PMID: 28851332 PMCID: PMC5576282 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population encounter more stressful life circumstances compared to general population. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) can be a useful tool for measuring their stress. However, psychometric properties of PSS have never been tested on LGBT population. METHODS This cross sectional study employed a two-stage sampling strategy to collect data from 296 LGBT participants from six divisional districts of Bangladesh. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out on PSS 10 along with analysis of reliability and validity. RESULTS EFA revealed a two-factor structure of PSS for LGBT population explaining 43.55% - 51.45% of total variance. This measurement model was supported by multiple fit indices during CFA. Acceptable Cronbach's alpha indicated internal consistency reliability and high correlations with Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 demonstrated construct validity of PSS 10 for LGBT population. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence of satisfactory psychometric properties of Bengali PSS 10 in terms of factor structure, internal consistency and validity among LGBT population.
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859
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Đorić SN. HIV-related stigma and subjective well-being: The mediating role of the Belief in a Just World. J Health Psychol 2017; 25:598-605. [PMID: 28817969 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317726150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the domains of HIV-related stigma and subjective well-being in people living with HIV (N = 90), giving a special emphasis to the role of Belief in a Just World. A significant relationship emerged between the domains of stigma and the components of subjective well-being, which is not direct, but is rather mediated by Belief in a Just World. The findings indicate that exposure to stigma can lead to a decrease in Belief in a Just World, which potentially leads to a sense of lack of control over one's life, with a final, negative outcome for subjective well-being.
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860
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Verhavert S, Wagemans J, Augustin MD. Beauty in the blink of an eye: The time course of aesthetic experiences. Br J Psychol 2017; 109:63-84. [PMID: 28805247 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Under normal circumstances, perception runs very fast and seemingly automatic. In just a few ms, we go from sensory features to perceiving objects. This fast time course does not only apply to general perceptual aspects but also to what we call higher-level judgements. Inspired by the study on 'very first impressions' by Bar, Neta, and Linz (2006, Emotion, 6, 269) the current research examined the speed and time course of three aspects of the aesthetic experience, namely beauty, specialness, and impressiveness. Participants were presented with 54 reproductions of paintings that covered a wide variety of artistic styles and contents. Presentation times were 10, 50, 100 and 500 ms in Experiment 1 and 20, 30 and 40 ms in Experiment 2. Our results not only show that consistent aesthetic judgements can be formed based on very brief glances of information, but that this speed of aesthetic impression formation also differs between different aesthetic judgements. Apparently, impressiveness judgements require longer exposure times than impressions of beauty or specialness. The results provide important evidence for our understanding of the time course of aesthetic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Verhavert
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Johan Wagemans
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - M Dorothee Augustin
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
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861
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Childhood intelligence and personality traits neuroticism and openness contributes to social mobility: A study in the Aberdeen 1936 Birth Cohort. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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862
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Mandić D, Simpson CM. Refugees and Shifted Risk: An International Study of Syrian Forced Migration and Smuggling. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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863
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Ulutas I. Psicometric Properties of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQe) in Turkish. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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864
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Toyama H, Mauno S. Trait Emotional Intelligence, Self-Reported Affect, and Salivary Alpha-Amylase on Working Days and a Non-Working Day. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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865
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Vicary S, Sperling M, von Zimmermann J, Richardson DC, Orgs G. Joint action aesthetics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180101. [PMID: 28742849 PMCID: PMC5526561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronized movement is a ubiquitous feature of dance and music performance. Much research into the evolutionary origins of these cultural practices has focused on why humans perform rather than watch or listen to dance and music. In this study, we show that movement synchrony among a group of performers predicts the aesthetic appreciation of live dance performances. We developed a choreography that continuously manipulated group synchronization using a defined movement vocabulary based on arm swinging, walking and running. The choreography was performed live to four audiences, as we continuously tracked the performers' movements, and the spectators' affective responses. We computed dynamic synchrony among performers using cross recurrence analysis of data from wrist accelerometers, and implicit measures of arousal from spectators' heart rates. Additionally, a subset of spectators provided continuous ratings of enjoyment and perceived synchrony using tablet computers. Granger causality analyses demonstrate predictive relationships between synchrony, enjoyment ratings and spectator arousal, if audiences form a collectively consistent positive or negative aesthetic evaluation. Controlling for the influence of overall movement acceleration and visual change, we show that dance communicates group coordination via coupled movement dynamics among a group of performers. Our findings are in line with an evolutionary function of dance-and perhaps all performing arts-in transmitting social signals between groups of people. Human movement is the common denominator of dance, music and theatre. Acknowledging the time-sensitive and immediate nature of the performer-spectator relationship, our study makes a significant step towards an aesthetics of joint actions in the performing arts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci Vicary
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jorina von Zimmermann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Richardson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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866
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Cooke JRH, ter Horst AC, van Beers RJ, Medendorp WP. Effect of depth information on multiple-object tracking in three dimensions: A probabilistic perspective. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005554. [PMID: 28727743 PMCID: PMC5519009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many daily situations require us to track multiple objects and people. This ability has traditionally been investigated in observers tracking objects in a plane. This simplification of reality does not address how observers track objects when targets move in three dimensions. Here, we study how observers track multiple objects in 2D and 3D while manipulating the average speed of the objects and the average distance between them. We show that performance declines as speed increases and distance decreases and that overall tracking accuracy is always higher in 3D than in 2D. The effects of distance and dimensionality interact to produce a more than additive improvement in performance during tracking in 3D compared to 2D. We propose an ideal observer model that uses the object dynamics and noisy observations to track the objects. This model provides a good fit to the data and explains the key findings of our experiment as originating from improved inference of object identity by adding the depth dimension. Many daily life situations require us to track objects that are in motion. In the laboratory, this multiple object tracking problem is classically studied with objects moving on a two-dimensional screen, but in the real world objects typically move in three dimensions. Here we show that, despite the complexity of seeing in depth, observers track multiple objects better when they move in 3D than 2D. A probabilistic inference model explains this by showing that the association of noisy visual signals to the objects that caused them is less ambiguous when depth cues are available. This highlights the role that depth cues play in our everyday ability to track objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. H. Cooke
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Arjan C. ter Horst
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. van Beers
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Pieter Medendorp
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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867
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Tiihonen M, Brattico E, Maksimainen J, Wikgren J, Saarikallio S. Constituents of Music and Visual-Art Related Pleasure - A Critical Integrative Literature Review. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1218. [PMID: 28775697 PMCID: PMC5517436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present literature review investigated how pleasure induced by music and visual-art has been conceptually understood in empirical research over the past 20 years. After an initial selection of abstracts from seven databases (keywords: pleasure, reward, enjoyment, and hedonic), twenty music and eleven visual-art papers were systematically compared. The following questions were addressed: (1) What is the role of the keyword in the research question? (2) Is pleasure considered a result of variation in the perceiver’s internal or external attributes? (3) What are the most commonly employed methods and main variables in empirical settings? Based on these questions, our critical integrative analysis aimed to identify which themes and processes emerged as key features for conceptualizing art-induced pleasure. The results demonstrated great variance in how pleasure has been approached: In the music studies pleasure was often a clear object of investigation, whereas in the visual-art studies the term was often embedded into the context of an aesthetic experience, or used otherwise in a descriptive, indirect sense. Music studies often targeted different emotions, their intensity or anhedonia. Biographical and background variables and personality traits of the perceiver were often measured. Next to behavioral methods, a common method was brain imaging which often targeted the reward circuitry of the brain in response to music. Visual-art pleasure was also frequently addressed using brain imaging methods, but the research focused on sensory cortices rather than the reward circuit alone. Compared with music research, visual-art research investigated more frequently pleasure in relation to conscious, cognitive processing, where the variations of stimulus features and the changing of viewing modes were regarded as explanatory factors of the derived experience. Despite valence being frequently applied in both domains, we conclude, that in empirical music research pleasure seems to be part of core affect and hedonic tone modulated by stable personality variables, whereas in visual-art research pleasure is a result of the so called conceptual act depending on a chosen strategy to approach art. We encourage an integration of music and visual-art into to a multi-modal framework to promote a more versatile understanding of pleasure in response to aesthetic artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Tiihonen
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland.,Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/AalborgAarhus, Denmark
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/AalborgAarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanna Maksimainen
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Department of MusicFrankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland
| | - Suvi Saarikallio
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland
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868
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Taskiran C, Karaismailoglu S, Cak Esen HT, Tuzun Z, Erdem A, Balkanci ZD, Dolgun AB, Cengel Kultur SE. Clinical features and subjective/physiological responses to emotional stimuli in the presence of emotion dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:389-404. [PMID: 28721740 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1353952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion dysregulation (ED) has long been recognized in clinical descriptions of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but a renewed interest in ED has advanced research on the overlap between the two entities. Autonomic reactivity (AR) is a neurobiological correlate of emotion regulation; however, the association between ADHD and AR remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the clinical differences, AR, and subjective emotional responses to visual emotional stimuli in ADHD children with and without ED. METHOD School-aged ADHD children with (n = 28) and without (n = 20) ED, according to the definition of deficiency in emotional self-regulation (DESR), and healthy controls (n = 22) were interviewed by using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) to screen frequent psychopathologies for these ages. All subjects were evaluated with Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), the School-Age Temperament Inventory (SATI), and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48), which were completed by parents. To evaluate emotional responses, the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and the subjective and physiological responses (electrodermal activity and heart rate reactivity) to selected pictures were examined. RESULTS Regarding clinically distinctive features, the ADHD+ED group differed from the ADHD-ED and the control groups in terms of having higher temperamental negative reactivity, more oppositional/conduct problems, and lower prosocial behaviors. In the AR measures, children in the ADHD+ED group rated unpleasant stimuli as more negative, but they still had lower heart rate reactivity (HRR) than the ADHD-ED and control groups; moreover, unlike the two other groups, the ADHD+ED group showed no differences in HRR between different emotional stimuli. CONCLUSION The presented findings are unique in terms of their ability to clinically and physiologically differentiate between ADHD children with and without ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Taskiran
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serkan Karaismailoglu
- b Department of Physiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Halime Tuna Cak Esen
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tuzun
- c Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aysen Erdem
- b Department of Physiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Dicle Balkanci
- b Department of Physiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Anil Barak Dolgun
- d Department of Biostatistics , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sadriye Ebru Cengel Kultur
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
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869
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Contributions of individual face features to face discrimination. Vision Res 2017; 137:29-39. [PMID: 28688904 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Faces are highly complex stimuli that contain a host of information. Such complexity poses the following questions: (a) do observers exhibit preferences for specific information? (b) how does sensitivity to individual face parts compare? These questions were addressed by quantifying sensitivity to different face features. Discrimination thresholds were determined for synthetic faces under the following conditions: (i) 'full face': all face features visible; (ii) 'isolated feature': single feature presented in isolation; (iii) 'embedded feature': all features visible, but only one feature modified. Mean threshold elevations for isolated features, relative to full-faces, were 0.84x, 1.08, 2.12, 3.34, 4.07 and 4.47 for head-shape, hairline, nose, mouth, eyes and eyebrows respectively. Hence, when two full faces can be discriminated at threshold, the difference between the eyes is about four times less than what is required when discriminating between isolated eyes. In all cases, sensitivity was higher when features were presented in isolation than when they were embedded within a face context (threshold elevations of 0.94x, 1.74, 2.67, 2.90, 5.94 and 9.94). This reveals a specific pattern of sensitivity to face information. Observers are between two and four times more sensitive to external than internal features. The pattern for internal features (higher sensitivity for the nose, compared to mouth, eyes and eyebrows) is consistent with lower sensitivity for those parts affected by facial dynamics (e.g. facial expressions). That isolated features are easier to discriminate than embedded features supports a holistic face processing mechanism which impedes extraction of information about individual features from full faces.
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870
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Cristofaro M. Candidates’ attractiveness in selection decisions: a laboratory experiment. BALTIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/bjm-01-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Recruiters in today’s organizations, through social networks, have the opportunity to see a candidate’s overall figure, and from this, they gain a first impression of their personalities which in turn affects their decisions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the biasing role of candidates’ attractiveness – in facial and bodily terms – on perceived main personality features (i.e. core evaluations (CEs)) in selection decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
An experimental study involving professional recruiters (n=150) was conducted. Participants were asked to rate bodily attractiveness (using the objectification construct), CEs, facial attractiveness and hiring scores of six candidates for an administrative position; then, a moderated mediation model was tested.
Findings
This study suggests that recruiters’ perception of candidates’ CEs mediates the relationship between objectification (i.e. body attractiveness) and the assigned hiring score, while facial attractiveness amplifies or reduces the effect of objectification on CEs.
Originality/value
The value added of this contribution lies in studying the biasing mechanism of candidates’ overall attractiveness (facial and bodily) and its effects on the perceived core personality features.
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871
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Zeinoun P, Daouk-Öyry L, Choueiri L, van de Vijver FJR. Arab-Levantine personality structure: A psycholexical study of modern standard Arabic in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and the West Bank. J Pers 2017; 86:397-421. [PMID: 28509383 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The debate of whether personality traits are universal or culture-specific has been informed by psycholexical (or lexical) studies conducted in tens of languages and cultures. We contribute to this debate through a series of studies in which we investigated personality descriptors in Modern Standard Arabic, the variety of Arabic that is presumably common to about 26 countries and native to more than 200 million people. METHOD We identified an appropriate source of personality descriptors, extracted them, and systematically reduced them to 167 personality traits that are common, are not redundant with each other, and are familiar and commonly understood in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and the West Bank (Palestinian territories). RESULTS We then analyzed self- and peer ratings (N = 806) and identified a six-factor solution comprising Morality (I), Conscientiousness (II), Positive Emotionality (III), Dominance (IV), Agreeableness/Righteousness (V), and Emotional Stability (VI) without replicating an Openness factor. CONCLUSIONS The factors were narrower or broader variants of factors found in the Big Five and HEXACO models. Conceptual and methodological considerations may have impacted the factor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Zeinoun
- Department of Culture Studies, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Daouk-Öyry
- Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Choueiri
- Department of English, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fons J R van de Vijver
- Department of Culture Studies, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.,Workwell Unit, North-West University, South Africa.,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia
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872
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Hayn-Leichsenring GU. Subjective Ratings of Beauty and Aesthetics: Correlations With Statistical Image Properties in Western Oil Paintings. Iperception 2017; 8:2041669517715474. [PMID: 28694958 PMCID: PMC5496686 DOI: 10.1177/2041669517715474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, oil paintings have been a major segment of the visual arts. The JenAesthetics data set consists of a large number of high-quality images of oil paintings of Western provenance from different art periods. With this database, we studied the relationship between objective image measures and subjective evaluations of the images, especially evaluations on aesthetics (defined as artistic value) and beauty (defined as individual liking). The objective measures represented low-level statistical image properties that have been associated with aesthetic value in previous research. Subjective rating scores on aesthetics and beauty correlated not only with each other but also with different combinations of the objective measures. Furthermore, we found that paintings from different art periods vary with regard to the objective measures, that is, they exhibit specific patterns of statistical image properties. In addition, clusters of participants preferred different combinations of these properties. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide evidence that statistical image properties vary between art periods and subject matters and, in addition, they correlate with the subjective evaluation of paintings by the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor U. Hayn-Leichsenring
- Gregor U. Hayn-Leichsenring, Institute of Anatomy I, Jena University Hospital, Teichgraben 7, D-07749 Jena, Germany.
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873
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Abstract
Why are children better language learners than adults despite being worse at a range of other cognitive tasks? Here, we explore the role of multiword sequences in explaining L1-L2 differences in learning. In particular, we propose that children and adults differ in their reliance on such multiword units (MWUs) in learning, and that this difference affects learning strategies and outcomes, and leads to difficulty in learning certain grammatical relations. In the first part, we review recent findings that suggest that MWUs play a facilitative role in learning. We then discuss the implications of these findings for L1-L2 differences: We hypothesize that adults are both less likely to extract MWUs and less capable of benefiting from them in the process of learning. In the next section, we draw on psycholinguistic, developmental, and computational findings to support these predictions. We end with a discussion of the relation between this proposal and other accounts of L1-L2 difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten H Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University and School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University
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874
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Measuring aesthetic emotions: A review of the literature and a new assessment tool. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178899. [PMID: 28582467 PMCID: PMC5459466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aesthetic perception and judgement are not merely cognitive processes, but also involve feelings. Therefore, the empirical study of these experiences requires conceptualization and measurement of aesthetic emotions. Despite the long-standing interest in such emotions, we still lack an assessment tool to capture the broad range of emotions that occur in response to the perceived aesthetic appeal of stimuli. Elicitors of aesthetic emotions are not limited to the arts in the strict sense, but extend to design, built environments, and nature. In this article, we describe the development of a questionnaire that is applicable across many of these domains: the Aesthetic Emotions Scale (Aesthemos). Drawing on theoretical accounts of aesthetic emotions and an extensive review of extant measures of aesthetic emotions within specific domains such as music, literature, film, painting, advertisements, design, and architecture, we propose a framework for studying aesthetic emotions. The Aesthemos, which is based on this framework, contains 21 subscales with two items each, that are designed to assess the emotional signature of responses to stimuli’s perceived aesthetic appeal in a highly differentiated manner. These scales cover prototypical aesthetic emotions (e.g., the feeling of beauty, being moved, fascination, and awe), epistemic emotions (e.g., interest and insight), and emotions indicative of amusement (humor and joy). In addition, the Aesthemos subscales capture both the activating (energy and vitality) and the calming (relaxation) effects of aesthetic experiences, as well as negative emotions that may contribute to aesthetic displeasure (e.g., the feeling of ugliness, boredom, and confusion).
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875
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Studying visual attention using the multiple object tracking paradigm: A tutorial review. Atten Percept Psychophys 2017; 79:1255-1274. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-017-1338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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876
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Factors associated with sexual quality of life among midlife women in Serbia. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:2793-2804. [PMID: 28580495 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess factors associated with better sexual quality of life (QOL) in midlife period among women who are and are not sexually active. METHODS Participants were 500 women aged 40-65 years from Belgrade, Serbia. Data were collected through general questionnaire (regarding socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, general medical, and gynecological history) in which one item investigated having partnered sexual activity (heterosexual intercourses). The sexual domain of the Utian Quality of Life Scale was used to assess the sexual QOL. The sexual QOL consisted of reflections on the satisfaction with frequency of sexual interactions, as well as sexual and romantic life in general. Higher scores indicated better sexual QOL. RESULTS Most women were sexually active in midlife (81.6%). The mean sexual QOL score for the overall sample was 9.99 (range 3-15). The level of sexual QOL did not differ between sexually active and non-active women. Factors associated with better sexual QOL in sexually active menopausal women were being married or coupled, being physically active, having more children, having hot flushes, and not having tachycardia. Factors associated with better sexual QOL in sexually inactive menopausal women were drinking alcohol, being physically active, not having insomnia or skin rash. CONCLUSIONS Sexual QOL among Serbian urban midlife women was good and did not differ between women who were sexually active and those who were not. Further studies are needed to determine in what manner women who are not sexually active in midlife achieve high level of satisfaction with their sexual QOL.
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877
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Pallini S, Alfani A, Marech L, Laghi F. Unresolved attachment and agency in women victims of intimate partner violence: A case-control study. Psychol Psychother 2017; 90:177-192. [PMID: 27699986 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women victims of IPV are more likely insecurely attached and have experienced childhood abuse, which according to the attachment theory is deeply related to disorganized attachment. This case-control study was performed with the aim to compare the attachment status and the defensive processing patterns of women victims of IPV (cases) with women with no experiences of IPV (controls). METHODS Cases were 16 women with an age range from 26 years to 51 years. The control group included 16 women with an age range from 26 years to 59 years. Women's states of mind in regard to attachment were evaluated with the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System, which allows classifying attachment status and defensive mechanisms. RESULTS Compared with control group, most IPV women resulted having an unresolved attachment status and describing characters less capable to draw upon internal resources, that is, internalized secure base, and less capable to act than controls. Women victims of IPV used significantly more words referring danger and failed protection than controls. CONCLUSIONS The results evidenced the strong effectiveness of the AAP on analysing the psychological attitudes of women victims of IPV. The dramatic events lived by the women victims of IPV are so dominant in their minds that they invade their stories. This could represent a clue of emotional dysregulation. PRACTITIONER POINTS The use of AAP improves the understanding of the agency of self and of the specific levels of trauma experienced by IPV victims, on clarifying their frightening/frightened dynamic, typical of the disorganized attachment relationship, which undermines their activity of mentalization. The therapist will assume the stance of a secure base and then both promoting exploration and contrasting impotence, humiliation, and subordination that IPV women have experienced. This therapeutic interpersonal context will be functional to reach two different but related therapeutic goals: (1) to facilitate the rebuilding of agency (through an activation of subject to explore concrete strategies for exiting from IPV), (2) to explore attachment-related segregated systems from awareness, and to integrate them in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
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878
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Zhao Q, Neumann DL, Cao X, Baron-Cohen S, Sun X, Cao Y, Yan C, Wang Y, Shao L, Shum DHK. Validation of the Empathy Quotient in Mainland China. J Pers Assess 2017; 100:333-342. [PMID: 28537758 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1324458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to validate a simplified Chinese version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ; 60 items) for use with Mainland Chinese people. The original English version of the EQ was translated into simplified Chinese. Through an online survey, 588 Mainland Chinese participants completed the EQ and 3 other questionnaires: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Thirty-five participants completed retesting of the EQ 3 to 4 weeks later. Sex differences on the EQ scores and psychometric properties of the EQ items were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that an EQ 15-item structural model fitted the data quite well. Self-report empathy, as assessed by the current simplified Chinese version of the EQ, appeared to relate to participants' autistic and alexithymic traits but not sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- a School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - David L Neumann
- b School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus, Southport , Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- c Department of Psychology , Southwest Medical University, Luzhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Sun
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e MIND Institute, University of California , Davis.,f Psychology Department , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yuan Cao
- g School of Psychology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Chao Yan
- h Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM) , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuna Wang
- i Flight Technology College , Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin , China
| | - Lin Shao
- j CapitalBio Corporation , Beijing , China
| | - David H K Shum
- b School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus, Southport , Australia
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879
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Hartkamp M, Thornton IM. Meditation, Cognitive Flexibility and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-017-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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880
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Gao C, Wedell DH, Kim J, Weber CE, Shinkareva SV. Modelling audiovisual integration of affect from videos and music. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:516-529. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1320979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanji Gao
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Douglas H. Wedell
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jongwan Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Christine E. Weber
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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881
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Dimitrijević A, Hanak N, Altaras Dimitrijević A, Jolić Marjanović Z. The Mentalization Scale (MentS): A Self-Report Measure for the Assessment of Mentalizing Capacity. J Pers Assess 2017; 100:268-280. [PMID: 28436689 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1310730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The psychometric properties of a new 28-item self-report measure of mentalization, the Mentalization Scale (MentS), were examined in 2 studies: with a sample of employed adults and university students (N1 = 288 + 278) and with a sample of persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and matched controls (N2 = 62 + 62). Besides the MentS, both studies employed measures of attachment and the Big Five; Study 1 also included assessments of empathy and emotional intelligence. MentS whole-scale internal consistency was good in the community and acceptable in the clinical sample (α = .84 and .75, respectively). A principal components analysis of Study 1 data yielded 3 interpretable factors, or subscales: Self-Related Mentalization (MentS-S), Other-Related Mentalization (MentS-O), and Motivation to Mentalize (MentS-M). These showed acceptable reliabilities (α = .74-.79), except for MentS-M in the clinical sample (α = .60). MentS scores further exhibited a coherent pattern of correlations with cognate constructs and the Big Five, relating positively to empathy, trait and ability emotional intelligence, openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness, and negatively to attachment avoidance and anxiety, and neuroticism. Persons with BPD scored significantly lower on MentS total and MentS-S. The proposed scale is thus deemed suitable for quick, yet meaningful, assessments of mentalization in both individual differences research and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dimitrijević
- a Department of Psychology , University of Belgrade , Serbia.,b International Psychoanalytic University , Berlin , Germany
| | - Nataša Hanak
- c Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation , Unviersity of Belgrade , Serbia
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882
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Blom E, Boerma T, Bosma E, Cornips L, Everaert E. Cognitive Advantages of Bilingual Children in Different Sociolinguistic Contexts. Front Psychol 2017; 8:552. [PMID: 28484403 PMCID: PMC5399246 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that bilingual children outperform monolinguals on tasks testing executive functioning, but other studies have not revealed any effect of bilingualism. In this study we compared three groups of bilingual children in the Netherlands, aged 6-7 years, with a monolingual control group. We were specifically interested in testing whether the bilingual cognitive advantage is modulated by the sociolinguistic context of language use. All three bilingual groups were exposed to a minority language besides the nation's dominant language (Dutch). Two bilingual groups were exposed to a regional language (Frisian, Limburgish), and a third bilingual group was exposed to a migrant language (Polish). All children participated in two working memory tasks (verbal, visuospatial) and two attention tasks (selective attention, interference suppression). Bilingual children outperformed monolinguals on selective attention. The cognitive effect of bilingualism was most clearly present in the Frisian-Dutch group and in a subgroup of migrant children who were relatively proficient in Polish. The effect was less robust in the Limburgish-Dutch sample. Investigation of the response patterns of the flanker test, testing interference suppression, suggested that bilingual children more often show an effect of response competition than the monolingual children, demonstrating that bilingual children attend to different aspects of the task than monolingual children. No bilingualism effects emerged for verbal and visuospatial working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Blom
- Special Education: Cognitive & Motor Disabilities, Department of Education & Pedagogy, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tessel Boerma
- Special Education: Cognitive & Motor Disabilities, Department of Education & Pedagogy, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Bosma
- Amsterdam Center for Language and CommunicationAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Fryske AkademyLeeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Leonie Cornips
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
- Meertens InstituteAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emma Everaert
- Special Education: Cognitive & Motor Disabilities, Department of Education & Pedagogy, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
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883
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Scontras G, Badecker W, Fedorenko E. Syntactic Complexity Effects in Sentence Production: A Reply to MacDonald, Montag, and Gennari (2016). Cogn Sci 2017; 41:2280-2287. [DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School
- Massachusetts General Hospital
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884
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Dotlic J, Kurtagic I, Nurkovic S, Kovacevic N, Radovanovic S, Rancic B, Milosevic B, Terzic M, Gazibara T. Factors associated with general and health-related quality of life in menopausal transition among women from Serbia. Women Health 2017; 58:278-296. [PMID: 28300484 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1306604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed factors associated with quality of life (QOL) among Serbian peri- and postmenopausal women using two menopause-specific scales. This cross-sectional study included 500 women aged 40-65 years who had a gynecologic check-up in one of two Community Health Centers in Belgrade during February 2014 to January 2015. Women completed: a questionnaire about socio-demographics, habits, and health status; a menopause-specific questionnaire, Utian's Quality of Life Scale (UQOL); and a Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Higher education was associated with better occupational UQOL and memory/concentration, but with lower emotional UQOL and more anxiety/fears. City center residency was associated with better occupational and sexual UQOL. Being employed was associated with better occupational UQOL and lower anxiety/fears. Higher income was associated with better emotional UQOL. Not having uterine prolapse, insomnia, or tachycardia was associated with better occupational UQOL and fewer sleep problems. Higher parity was associated with better sexual UQOL. Having regular recreation was associated with better health and sexual UQOL but with more frequent vasomotor symptoms. Leaner women felt more attractive. QOL during the menopausal transition does not entail only somatic symptoms and therefore requires a more comprehensive approach that includes psychosocial underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dotlic
- a Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology , Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.,b Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ilma Kurtagic
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Selmina Nurkovic
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | | | - Biljana Rancic
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Branislav Milosevic
- a Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology , Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milan Terzic
- a Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology , Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.,b Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- c Institute for Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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885
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Khalili R, Sirati Nir M, Ebadi A, Tavallai A, Habibi M. Validity and reliability of the Cohen 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in patients with chronic headache: Persian version. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 26:136-140. [PMID: 28483077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cohen Perceived Stress Scale is being used widely in various countries. The present study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Cohen 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in assessing tension headache, migraine, and stress-related diseases in Iran. METHODS This study is a methodological and cross-sectional descriptive investigation of 100 patients with chronic headache admitted to the pain clinic of Baqiyatallah Educational and Therapeutic Center. Convenience sampling was used for subject selection. PSS psychometric properties were evaluated in two stages. First, the standard scale was translated. Then, the face validity, content, and construct of the translated version were determined. RESULTS The average age of participants was 38 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 13.2. As for stress levels, 12% were within the normal range, 36% had an intermediate level, and 52% had a high level of stress. The face validity and scale content were remarkable, and the KMO coefficient was 0.82. Bartlett's test yielded 0.327 which was statistically significant (p<0.0001) representing the quality of the sample. In factor analysis of the scale, the two elements of "coping" and "distress" were determined. A Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. This confirmed the remarkable internal consistency and stability of the scale through repeated measure tests (0.93). CONCLUSION The Persian PSS-10 has good internal consistency and reliability. The availability of a validated Persian PSS-10 would indicate a link between stress and chronic headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robabe Khalili
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Sirati Nir
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Tavallai
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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886
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New developments in personality and identity research across cultures. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2017.66602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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887
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Delvecchio E, Di Riso D, Lis A, Salcuni S. Adult Attachment, Social Adjustment, and Well-Being in Drug-Addicted Inpatients. Psychol Rep 2017; 118:587-607. [PMID: 27154381 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116639181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attachment studies have gathered overwhelming evidence for a relation between insecure attachment and drug addiction. The existing literature predominantly addresses attachment styles and little attention is given to attachment-pattern-oriented studies. The current study explored how attachment, social adjustment, and well-being interact in 40 (28 men, 12 women; ages 20-52 years, M = 32.3, SD = 9.4) inpatients with drug addiction. The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-report (SAS-SR), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were administered. Descriptive statistics were computed as well as differences between patterns of attachment in all variables were measured. None of the inpatients showed a secure attachment pattern: 7 scored as dismissing (18%), 5 preoccupied (12%) and 28 unresolved (70%). AAP stories were mainly connected with themes of danger, lack of protection, and helplessness. Inpatients classified as unresolved reported significantly higher maladjustment on the SAS-SR and GHQ-28 than those with resolved attachment patterns. Implications for clinicians and researchers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Riso
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Lis
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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888
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Riegel M, Moslehi A, Michałowski JM, Żurawski Ł, Horvat M, Wypych M, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. Nencki Affective Picture System: Cross-Cultural Study in Europe and Iran. Front Psychol 2017; 8:274. [PMID: 28316576 PMCID: PMC5334317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although emotions have been assumed conventionally to be universal, recent studies have suggested that various aspects of emotions may be mediated by cultural background. The purpose of our research was to test these contradictory views, in the case of the subjective evaluation of visual affective stimuli. We also sought to validate the recently introduced Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS) database on a different cultural group. Since there has been, to date, no attempt to compare the emotions of a culturally distinct sample of Iranians with those of Europeans, subjective ratings were collected from 40 Iranians and 39 Europeans. Each cultural group was asked separately to provide normative affective ratings and classify pictures according to discrete emotions. The results were analyzed to identify cultural differences in the ratings of individual images. One hundred and seventy NAPS pictures were rated with regard to the intensity of the basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, anger, and disgust) they elicited, as well as in terms of affective dimensions (valence and arousal). Contrary to previous studies using the International Affective Picture System, our results for Europeans and Iranians show that neither the ratings for affective dimensions nor for basic emotions differed across cultural groups. In both cultural groups, the relationship between valence and arousal ratings could be best described by a classical boomerang-shaped function. However, the content of the pictures (animals, faces, landscapes, objects, or people) had a significant effect on the ratings for valence and arousal. These findings indicate that further studies in cross-cultural affective research should control for the content of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riegel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abnoos Moslehi
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland; Faculty of Psychology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław M Michałowski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Design in Poznan, SWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPoznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Żurawski
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marko Horvat
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
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889
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Lazaridou A, Marelli M, Baroni M. Multimodal Word Meaning Induction From Minimal Exposure to Natural Text. Cogn Sci 2017; 41 Suppl 4:677-705. [PMID: 28323353 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By the time they reach early adulthood, English speakers are familiar with the meaning of thousands of words. In the last decades, computational simulations known as distributional semantic models (DSMs) have demonstrated that it is possible to induce word meaning representations solely from word co-occurrence statistics extracted from a large amount of text. However, while these models learn in batch mode from large corpora, human word learning proceeds incrementally after minimal exposure to new words. In this study, we run a set of experiments investigating whether minimal distributional evidence from very short passages suffices to trigger successful word learning in subjects, testing their linguistic and visual intuitions about the concepts associated with new words. After confirming that subjects are indeed very efficient distributional learners even from small amounts of evidence, we test a DSM on the same multimodal task, finding that it behaves in a remarkable human-like way. We conclude that DSMs provide a convincing computational account of word learning even at the early stages in which a word is first encountered, and the way they build meaning representations can offer new insights into human language acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Marelli
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Marco Baroni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento
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890
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A French Translation of the Pleasure Arousal Dominance (PAD) Semantic Differential Scale for the Measure of Affect and Drive. Psychol Belg 2017; 57:17-31. [PMID: 30479451 PMCID: PMC5808109 DOI: 10.5334/pb.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivariate studies have repeatedly confirmed that three basic dimensions of human emotional behavior, called pleasure (P), arousal (A) and dominance (D) are persistent in organizing human judgments for a wide range of perceptual and symbolic stimuli. The Mehrabian and Russell’s PAD semantic differential scale is a well-established tool to measure these categories, but no standardized French translation is available for research. The aim of this study was to validate a French version of the PAD. For this purpose, (1) Mehrabian and Russell’s PAD was translated through a process of translations and back-translations and (2) this French PAD was tested in a population of 111 French-speaking adults on 21 images of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). A confirmatory factor analysis revealed the expected three-factor structure; the French PAD also distributed the images in the affective space according to the expected boomerang-shape. The present version of PAD is thus a valid French translation of Mehrabian and Russell’s original PAD.
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891
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Publish or perish: how Central and Eastern European economists have dealt with the ever-increasing academic publishing requirements 2000–2015. Scientometrics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-017-2332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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892
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Andrei F, Smith MM, Surcinelli P, Baldaro B, Saklofske DH. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175615596786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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893
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Resilience to emotional distress in response to failure, error or mistakes: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 52:19-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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894
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Vasić I, Janković S, Jelić M. Psychometric Development of Chemotherapy Side Effects Fear Scale. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Anxiety, depression and fear in general are the most common emotional problems in people with cancer and it is necessary to recognize them. The patients’ attitude towards the side effects of chemotherapy has changed significantly in recent years and psychological effects, rather than physiological ones, are becoming increasingly important.
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable questionnaire that can measure cancer patients’ fear of the chemotherapy side effects (CheSeFS).
A cross-sectional observational study involved 208 oncology and haematology patients at the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia and the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while the external reliability was calculated by the split-half method with approximately the same number of respondents. In order to test the construct validity of the CheSeFS, all participants filled out the Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 (DASS-21) and the Short Subjective Well-being Scale (SSWS), validated in Serbian language.
Cronbach’s α coefficient reveals strong internal consistency, with a value of 0.922. The questionnaire demonstrated good structure and uniformity when randomly split into two parts. Exploratory component analysis revealed two factors with the same number of items that explain 61.691% of variance. The components are objective physiological effects of the treatment, and factor that depends on the patient’s psychological and sociological status, with approximately the same percentage of variance. The CheSeFS was positively correlated with the DASS-21 scale (ϱ = 0.595, p = 0.000).
CheSeFS is a unique, reliable and valid two-factor 14-item instrument, a clinically useful tool to assess fear of the chemotherapy side effects in cancer patients.
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895
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Bauriedl-Schmidt C, Jobst A, Gander M, Seidl E, Sabaß L, Sarubin N, Mauer C, Padberg F, Buchheim A. Attachment representations, patterns of emotion regulation, and social exclusion in patients with chronic and episodic depression and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2017; 210:130-138. [PMID: 28033520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience of social exclusion (ostracism) is linked to the etiology and maintenance of depression. Most individuals experience emotional stress in states of social exclusion. Insecurely attached individuals, especially with an unresolved trauma, show maladaptive coping in response to social stress. The present study examines (a) the differences with regards to attachment representations in episodic (ED) and chronic depressive (CD) inpatients and (b) how ostracism affects their emotional reactions. METHODS Patients with CD (n=29) and ED (n=23) and healthy control subjects (n=29) were interviewed using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), a valid measure to assess attachment representation; and played a virtual ball tossing game simulating social exclusion (Cyberball). Multiple depression-related risk and protective factors were considered. We hypothesized that CD patients show the most severe attachment disorganization and are emotionally most affected by the social exclusion situation. Moreover, we explored the interaction between ostracism and attachment. RESULTS Contradicting our hypotheses, ED and CD individuals were almost akin with regards to their attachment insecurity/disorganization and reactions to Cyberball. An emotionally altered reaction to social exclusion was identified in the insecure-disorganized depressive subgroup. LIMITATIONS Small sample size hampering further subgroup analyses. The ED sample may include single CD subjects with recent manifestation. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of emotion regulation in the depressive groups matches with findings from clinical studies, including attachment research. The relationship between attachment representations and ostracism should be further investigated in larger samples of depressive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bauriedl-Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - A Jobst
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Gander
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Seidl
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - L Sabaß
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - N Sarubin
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - C Mauer
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - F Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Buchheim
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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896
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Aggression in late childhood and in early adolescence in Slovenia: two-wave cohort study. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2017.65827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Background</b><br />
The present study investigated age differences in trait aggression in the period of late childhood and early adolescence that are important for assessment of the aggression levels that are not in line with expected developmental trends and are in need of intervention. Additionally the authors present the time trends from measurement of aggression and its subtypes at two time points.<br />
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<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
The authors focus on specific subtypes of aggression relevant for the Slovenian context and for the development period. We used the LA aggression scale (general trait aggression and four factors: physical aggression, verbal aggression, internal aggression and aggression towards authority) as a measure of aggression in two age groups, 10-year-olds (n = 4,351) and 14-year-olds (n = 4,043), at two time points (in 2007 and in 2011).<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
The results show significant cross-sectional differences in the level of aggression. Older participants exhibit higher levels of general aggression as well as all four aggression types (also in a cohort design). The findings are aligned with contemporary research on personality development stressing greater stability after the period of adolescence. The time-related trends show a significant decrease in physical aggression and an increase in internal aggression from 2007 to 2011 in both observed age groups.<br />
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<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The implications of the findings are discussed, and in line with the results early intervention is supported.
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897
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Morgan B, de Bruin GP. Structural Validity of Holland’s Circumplex Model of Vocational Personality Types in Africa. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1069072717692747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the construct (structural) validity of Holland’s circumplex model of vocational personality types in Africa. Data were obtained on the general occupational themes of the Strong Interest Inventory for 28 countries. These countries were classified into three different geographic regions (Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, and Western Africa). The randomization test and circumplex covariance structure modeling were used to investigate the fit of Holland’s circumplex model across these regions. Results provide preliminary evidence for the generalizability of Holland’s model in the African context. Inspection of the angular locations of the six vocational personality types in two-dimensional space indicated slight disordering of the types in the Eastern Africa region and the correct ordering of the types in the Southern and Western African regions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Morgan
- JvR Psychometrics, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Work Performance, Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gideon P. de Bruin
- Centre for Work Performance, Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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898
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Swami V, Barron D, Weis L, Voracek M, Stieger S, Furnham A. An examination of the factorial and convergent validity of four measures of conspiracist ideation, with recommendations for researchers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172617. [PMID: 28231266 PMCID: PMC5322923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number scales have been developed to measure conspiracist ideation, but little attention has been paid to the factorial validity of these scales. We reassessed the psychometric properties of four widely-used scales, namely the Belief in Conspiracy Theories Inventory (BCTI), the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ), the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS), and the One-Item Conspiracy Measure (OICM). Eight-hundred-and-three U.S. adults completed all measures, along with measures of endorsement of 9/11 and anti-vaccination conspiracy theories. Through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we found that only the BCTI had acceptable factorial validity. We failed to confirm the factor structures of the CMQ and the GBCS, suggesting these measures had poor factorial validity. Indices of convergent validity were acceptable for the BCTI, but weaker for the other measures. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for the future refinement in the measurement of conspiracist ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - David Barron
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Weis
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stieger
- Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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899
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Jacobsen T, Beudt S. Stability and Variability in Aesthetic Experience: A Review. Front Psychol 2017; 8:143. [PMID: 28223955 PMCID: PMC5293782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on psychophysics’ pragmatic dualism, we trace the cognitive neuroscience of stability and variability in aesthetic experience. With regard to different domains of aesthetic processing, we touch upon the relevance of cognitive schemata for aesthetic preference. Attitudes and preferences are explored in detail. Evolutionary constraints on attitude formation or schema generation are elucidated, just as the often seemingly arbitrary influences of social, societal, and cultural nature are. A particular focus is put on the concept of critical periods during an individual’s ontogenesis. The latter contrasting with changes of high frequency, such as fashion influences. Taken together, these analyses document the state of the art in the field and, potentially, highlight avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacobsen
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Beudt
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
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900
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Dao-Tran TH, Anderson D, Seib C. The Vietnamese version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10): Translation equivalence and psychometric properties among older women. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:53. [PMID: 28166754 PMCID: PMC5295219 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Perceived Stress Scale 10 item (PSS-10) has been translated into more than 20 languages and used widely in different populations. Yet, to date, no study has tested psychometric properties of the instrument among older women and there is no Vietnamese version of the instrument. METHODS This study translated the PSS-10 into Vietnamese and assessed Vietnamese version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10 items (V-PSS-10) for translation equivalence, face validity, construct validity, correlations, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability among 473 women aged 60 and over. RESULTS The study found that V-PSS-10 retained the original meaning and was understood by Vietnamese older women. An exploratory factor analysis of the V-PSS-10 yielded a two-factor structure, and these two factors were significantly correlated (0.56, p < .01) with all item loadings exceeded .50. The V-PSS-10 score was positively correlated with general sleep disturbance (ρ = .12, p < .05), CES-D score for depression symptoms (ρ = .60, p < .01), and negatively correlated with mental (ρ = -.46, p < .01), and physical health scores (ρ = -.19, p < .01). The Cronbach's alpha for the V-PSS-10 was .80, and the test-retest correlation at one month's interval was .43. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that the V-PSS-10 has acceptable validity and reliability levels among older women. The V-PSS-10 can be used to measure perceived stress in future research and practice. However, future research would be useful to further endorse the validity and reliability of the V-PSS-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiet-Hanh Dao-Tran
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Technology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, HCMC, Vietnam. .,Nursing School, Queensland University of Technology, N602, N block, Kelvin Grove campus of QUT, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QLD4059.
| | - Debra Anderson
- 0000 0004 0437 5432grid.1022.1Head of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Charrlotte Seib
- 0000 0004 0437 5432grid.1022.1School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,0000000089150953grid.1024.7Nursing School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia QLD4059
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