901
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Mehta N, Gava AL, Zhang D, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Follistatin Protects Against Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress to Ameliorate Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:551-571. [PMID: 31184201 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Interventions to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, important pathogenic contributors toward the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), are not well established. Here, we investigated the role of a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily neutralizing protein, follistatin (FST), in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) and in the progression of CKD. Results: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer thapsigargin (Tg), known to cause MC apoptosis, led to a post-translational increase in the expression of FST. Recombinant FST protected, whereas FST downregulation augmented, Tg-induced apoptosis without affecting Ca2+ release or ER stress induction. Although activins are the primary ligands neutralized by FST, their inhibition with neutralizing antibodies did not affect Tg-induced apoptosis. Instead, FST protected against Tg-induced apoptosis through neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) independently of its ability to neutralize activins. Importantly, administration of FST to mice with CKD protected against renal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. This was associated with improved kidney function, reduced albuminuria, and attenuation of fibrosis. Innovation and Conclusion: Independent of its activin neutralizing ability, FST protected against Tg-induced apoptosis through neutralization of ROS and consequent suppression of oxidative stress, seen both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FST also ameliorated fibrosis and improved kidney function in CKD. FST is, thus, a novel potential therapeutic agent for delaying the progression of CKD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 551-571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Mehta
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Agata L Gava
- 2Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Dan Zhang
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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902
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Antioxidant Activity of an Aqueous Leaf Extract from Uncaria tomentosa and Its Major Alkaloids Mitraphylline and Isomitraphylline in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183299. [PMID: 31510078 PMCID: PMC6766911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae) has a recognized therapeutic potential against various diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of an aqueous leaf extract (ALE) from U. tomentosa, and its major alkaloids mitraphylline and isomitraphylline. The antioxidant activity of ALE was investigated in vitro using standard assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP), while the in vivo activity and mode of action were studied using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The purified alkaloids did not exhibit antioxidant effects in vivo. ALE reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wild-type worms, and was able to rescue the worms from a lethal dose of the pro-oxidant juglone. The ALE treatment led to a decreased expression of the oxidative stress response related genes sod-3, gst-4, and hsp-16.2. The treatment of mutant worms lacking the DAF-16 transcription factor with ALE resulted in a significant reduction of ROS levels. Contrarily, the extract had a pro-oxidant effect in the worms lacking the SKN-1 transcription factor. Our results suggest that the antioxidant activity of ALE in C. elegans is independent of its alkaloid content, and that SKN-1 is required for ALE-mediated stress resistance.
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903
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Bellini MI, Yiu J, Nozdrin M, Papalois V. The Effect of Preservation Temperature on Liver, Kidney, and Pancreas Tissue ATP in Animal and Preclinical Human Models. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091421. [PMID: 31505880 PMCID: PMC6780500 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in machine perfusion (MP) technology involve settings ranging between hypothermic, subnormothermic, and normothermic temperatures. Tissue level adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a long-established marker of viability and functionality and is universal for all organs. In the midst of a growing number of complex clinical parameters for the quality assessment of graft prior to transplantation, a revisit of ATP may shed light on the underlying reconditioning mechanisms of different perfusion temperatures in the form of restoration of metabolic and energy status. This article aims to review and critically analyse animal and preclinical human studies (discarded grafts) during MP of three abdominal organs (liver, kidney, and pancreas) in which ATP was a primary endpoint. A selective review of recent novel reconditioning approaches relevant to mitigation of graft ischaemia-reperfusion injury via MP and for different perfusion temperatures was also conducted. With a current reiterated interest for oxygenation during MP, a re-introduction of tissue ATP levels may be valuable for graft viability assessment prior to transplantation. Further studies may help delineate the benefits of selective perfusion temperatures on organs viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice Yiu
- School of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mikhail Nozdrin
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Vassilios Papalois
- Renal and Transplant Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W120HS, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
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904
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Korean Red Ginseng Extract Increases Apoptosis by Activation of the Noxa Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092026. [PMID: 31470581 PMCID: PMC6770724 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the anticancer activity of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been known in various cancers, the mechanism of KRG-induced apoptosis is unknown in colorectal cancer (CRC). In our study, we examined whether KRG induces apoptosis in CRC cells. METHODS In the cell viability assay, the concentration of the appropriate KRG extracts was fixed at 2.5 mg/mL in numerous CRC cells. This fixed concentration was in other experiments, and it was confirmed that the KRG extracts induce apoptosis in CRC cells. RESULTS We found that KRG induced Noxa activation and apoptosis and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress via reactive oxygen species production. This indicated that KRG efficiently enhanced cell death in CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our results show that KRG can be used as a possible anticancer drug for patients with CRC.
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905
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Romero-Lastra P, Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 when growing in an in vitro multispecies biofilm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221234. [PMID: 31437202 PMCID: PMC6706054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral microorganism residing in the subgingival biofilm, may exert diverse pathogenicity depending on the presence of specific virulence factors, but its gene expression has not been completely established. This investigation aims to compare the transcriptomic profile of this pathogen when growing within an in vitro multispecies biofilm or in a planktonic state. MATERIALS AND METHODS P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was grown in anaerobiosis within multi-well culture plates at 37°C under two conditions: (a) planktonic samples (no hydroxyapatite discs) or (b) within a multispecies-biofilm containing Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans deposited on hydroxyapatite discs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) combined with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) were used to verify the formation of the biofilm and the presence of P. gingivalis. Total RNA was extracted from both the multispecies biofilm and planktonic samples, then purified and, with the use of a microarray, its differential gene expression was analyzed. A linear model was used for determining the differentially expressed genes using a filtering criterion of two-fold change (up or down) and a significance p-value of <0.05. Differential expression was confirmed by Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS SEM verified the development of the multispecies biofilm and FISH confirmed the incorporation of P. gingivalis. The microarray demonstrated that, when growing within the multispecies biofilm, 19.1% of P. gingivalis genes were significantly and differentially expressed (165 genes were up-regulated and 200 down-regulated), compared with planktonic growth. These genes were mainly involved in functions related to the oxidative stress, cell envelope, transposons and metabolism. The results of the microarray were confirmed by RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION Significant transcriptional changes occurred in P. gingivalis when growing in a multispecies biofilm compared to planktonic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Romero-Lastra
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Sánchez
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Llama-Palacios
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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906
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Conserved roles of glucose in suppressing reactive oxygen species-induced cell death and animal survival. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5726-5743. [PMID: 31403933 PMCID: PMC6710067 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate overconsumption increases blood glucose levels, which contributes to the development of various diseases including obesity and diabetes. It is generally believed that high glucose metabolism increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, damages insulin-secreting cells and leads to age-associated diabetic phenotypes. Here we find that in contrast, high glucose suppresses ROS production induced by paraquat in both mammalian cells and the round worm C. elegans. The role of glucose in suppressing ROS is further supported by glucose's ability to alleviate paraquat's toxicity on C. elegans development. Consistently, we find that the ROS-regulated transcription factor SKN-1 is inactivated by glucose. As a result, the ROS/SKN-1-dependent lifespan extension observed in paraquat-treated animals, mitochondrial respiration mutant isp-1 and germline-less mutant glp-1 are all suppressed by glucose. Our study reveals an unprecedented interaction of glucose with ROS, which could have significant impact on our current understanding of glucose- and ROS-related diseases.
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907
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Dey R, Bishayi B. Dexamethasone exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects in S. aureus induced microglial inflammation via modulating TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105806. [PMID: 31401378 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microglial inflammation plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CNS infections including brain abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered as one of the major causative agents of brain abscesses. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria the available treatment options including conventional antibiotics and steroid therapy become ineffective in terms of inflammation regulation which warrants further investigation to resolve this health issue. Microglial TLR-2 plays important roles in the bacterial recognition as well as induction of inflammation whereas glucocorticoid receptor (GR) triggers anti-inflammatory pathways in presence of glucocorticoids (GCs). The main objective of this study was to figure out the interdependency between TLR-2 and GR in presence of exogenous dexamethasone during microglial inflammation as an alternative therapeutic approach. Experiments were done either in TLR-2 neutralized condition or GR blocked condition in presence of dexamethasone. Free radicals production, arginase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzyme activities and corticosterone concentration were measured along with Western blot analysis of TLR-2, GR and other inflammatory molecules. The results suggested that dexamethasone pre-treatment in TLR-2 neutralized condition efficiently reduces the inflammatory consequences of S. aureus induced microglial inflammation through up regulating GR expression. During TLR-2 blocking dexamethasone exerted its potent anti-inflammatory activities via suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO production and up regulating arginase, SOD and catalase activities at the time point of 90 min. Further in-vivo experiments are needed to conclude that dexamethasone could resolve brain inflammation possibly through microglial phenotypic switching from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
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908
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Ishii N, Homma T, Lee J, Mitsuhashi H, Yamada KI, Kimura N, Yamamoto Y, Fujii AJ. Ascorbic acid and CoQ10 ameliorate the reproductive ability of superoxide dismutase 1-deficient female mice†. Biol Reprod 2019; 102:102-115. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 suppresses oxidative stress within cells by decreasing the levels of superoxide anions. A dysfunction of the ovary and/or an aberrant production of sex hormones are suspected causes for infertility in superoxide dismutase 1-knockout mice. We report on attempts to rescue the infertility in female knockout mice by providing two antioxidants, ascorbic acid and/or coenzyme Q10, as supplements in the drinking water of the knockout mice after weaning and on an investigation of their reproductive ability. On the first parturition, 80% of the untreated knockout mice produced smaller litter sizes compared with wild-type mice (average 2.8 vs 7.3 pups/mouse), and supplementing with these antioxidants failed to improve these litter sizes. However, in the second parturition of the knockout mice, the parturition rate was increased from 18% to 44–75% as the result of the administration of antioxidants. While plasma levels of progesterone at 7.5 days of pregnancy were essentially the same between the wild-type and knockout mice and were not changed by the supplementation of these antioxidants, sizes of corpus luteum cells, which were smaller in the knockout mouse ovaries after the first parturition, were significantly ameliorated in the knockout mouse with the administration of the antioxidants. Moreover, the impaired vasculogenesis in uterus/placenta was also improved by ascorbic acid supplementation. We thus conclude that ascorbic acid and/or coenzyme Q10 are involved in maintaining ovarian and uterus/placenta homeostasis against insults that are augmented during pregnancy and that their use might have positive effects in terms of improving female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmacological Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Naoko Kimura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | | | - and Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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909
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Melicher D, Torson AS, Anderson TJ, Yocum GD, Rinehart JP, Bowsher JH. Immediate Transcriptional Response to a Temperature Pulse under a Fluctuating Thermal Regime. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:320-337. [PMID: 31173075 PMCID: PMC6703998 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of ectotherms to temperature stress is complex, non-linear, and is influenced by life stage and previous thermal exposure. Mortality is higher under constant low temperatures than under a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) that maintains the same low temperature but adds a brief, daily pulse of increased temperature. Long term exposure to FTR has been shown to increase transcription of genes involved in oxidative stress, immune function, and metabolic pathways, which may aid in recovery from chill injury and oxidative damage. Previous research suggests the transcriptional response that protects against sub-lethal damage occurs rapidly under exposure to fluctuating temperatures. However, existing studies have only examined gene expression after a week or over many months. Here we characterize gene expression during a single temperature cycle under FTR. Development of pupating alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata) was interrupted at the red-eye stage and were transferred to 6°C with a 1-h pulse to 20°C and returned to 6°C. RNA was collected before, during, and after the temperature pulse and compared to pupae maintained at a static 6°C. The warm pulse is sufficient to cause expression of transcripts that repair cell membrane damage, modify membrane composition, produce antifreeze proteins, restore ion homeostasis, and respond to oxidative stress. This pattern of expression indicates that even brief exposure to warm temperatures has significant protective effects on insects exposed to stressful cold temperatures that persist beyond the warm pulse. Megachile rotundata's sensitivity to temperature fluctuations indicates that short exposures to temperature changes affect development and physiology. Genes associated with developmental patterning are expressed after the warm pulse, suggesting that 1 h at 20°C was enough to resume development in the pupae. The greatest difference in gene expression occurred between pupae collected after the warm pulse and at constant low temperatures. Although both were collected at the same time and temperature, the transcriptional response to one FTR cycle included multiple transcripts previously identified under long-term FTR exposure associated with recovery from chill injury, indicating that the effects of FTR occur rapidly and are persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacotah Melicher
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Bioscience Research Laboratory, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Alex S Torson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 218 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Tanner J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - George D Yocum
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Bioscience Research Laboratory, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Joseph P Rinehart
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Bioscience Research Laboratory, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Julia H Bowsher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 218 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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910
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Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism and Signaling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153673. [PMID: 31357514 PMCID: PMC6695606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical reactive oxygen species generated during many (patho)physiological conditions, is currently universally recognized as an important mediator of redox-regulated processes. Depending on its spatiotemporal accumulation profile, this molecule may act as a signaling messenger or cause oxidative damage. The focus of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the evidence that peroxisomes, organelles best known for their role in cellular lipid metabolism, also serve as hubs in the H2O2 signaling network. We first briefly introduce the basic concepts of how H2O2 can drive cellular signaling events. Next, we outline the peroxisomal enzyme systems involved in H2O2 metabolism in mammals and reflect on how this oxidant can permeate across the organellar membrane. In addition, we provide an up-to-date overview of molecular targets and biological processes that can be affected by changes in peroxisomal H2O2 metabolism. Where possible, emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms and factors involved. From the data presented, it is clear that there are still numerous gaps in our knowledge. Therefore, gaining more insight into how peroxisomes are integrated in the cellular H2O2 signaling network is of key importance to unravel the precise role of peroxisomal H2O2 production and scavenging in normal and pathological conditions.
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911
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Metabolic perturbations and cellular stress underpin susceptibility to symptomatic live-attenuated yellow fever infection. Nat Med 2019; 25:1218-1224. [PMID: 31308506 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviral infections result in a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe disease. Although the correlates of severe disease have been explored1-4, the pathophysiology that differentiates symptomatic from asymptomatic infection remains undefined. To understand the molecular underpinnings of symptomatic infection, the blood transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of individuals were examined before and after inoculation with the live yellow fever viral vaccine (YF17D). It was found that individuals with adaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity at baseline showed increased susceptibility to symptomatic outcome. YF17D infection in these individuals induced maladaptive ER stress, triggering downstream proinflammatory responses that correlated with symptomatic outcome. The findings of the present study thus suggest that the ER stress response and immunometabolism underpin symptomatic yellow fever and possibly even other flaviviral infections. Modulating either ER stress or metabolism could be exploited for prophylaxis against symptomatic flaviviral infection outcome.
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912
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Purohit V, Simeone DM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic Regulation of Redox Balance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070955. [PMID: 31288436 PMCID: PMC6678865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically active free radicals produced by partial reduction of oxygen that can activate discrete signaling pathways or disrupt redox homeostasis depending on their concentration. ROS interacts with biomolecules, including DNA, and can cause mutations that can transform normal cells into cancer cells. Furthermore, certain cancer-causing mutations trigger alterations in cellular metabolism that can increase ROS production, resulting in genomic instability, additional DNA mutations, and tumor evolution. To prevent excess ROS-mediated toxicity, cancer-causing mutations concurrently activate pathways that manage this oxidative burden. Hence, an understanding of the metabolic pathways that regulate ROS levels is imperative for devising therapies that target tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the dual role of metabolism as a generator and inhibitor of ROS in cancer and discuss current strategies to target the ROS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinee Purohit
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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913
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The dynamic uptake and release of SOD3 from intracellular stores in macrophages modulates the inflammatory response. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101268. [PMID: 31326693 PMCID: PMC6639747 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular enzyme with the capacity to modulate extracellular redox conditions by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In addition to synthesis and release of this extracellular protein via the secretory pathway, several studies have shown that the protein also localizes to intracellular compartments in neutrophils and macrophages. Here we show that human macrophages release SOD3 from an intracellular compartment within 30 min following LPS stimulation. This release acutely increases the level of SOD3 on the cell surface as well as in the extracellular environment. Generation of the intracellular compartment in macrophages is supported by endocytosis of extracellular SOD3 via the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages established from wild-type and SOD3−/− mice, we further show that the pro-inflammatory profile established in LPS-stimulated cells is altered in the absence of SOD3, suggesting that the active release of this protein affects the inflammatory response. The internalization and acute release from stimulated macrophages indicates that SOD3 not only functions as a passive antioxidant in the extracellular environment, but also plays an active role in modulating redox signaling to support biological responses. Stimulated macrophages release SOD3 from a pre-formed intracellular compartment. The intracellular compartment is established by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Release of SOD3 from stimulated macrophages modulates the inflammatory response. The level of SOD3 in the extracellular space is actively controlled.
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914
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Multifunctional radical quenchers as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1605-1624. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, and is believed to cause or contribute to the etiology of these diseases. These disorders are frequently associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. One of the design strategies for therapeutic intervention involves the development of novel small molecules containing redox cores, which can scavenge reactive oxygen radicals and selectively block oxidative damage to the mitochondria. Presently, we describe recent research dealing with multifunctional radical quenchers as antioxidants able to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals. The review encompasses ubiquinone and tocopherol analogs, as well as novel pyri(mi)dinol derivatives, and their ability to function as protective agents in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases.
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915
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Dao O, Asaithambi K, Na BK, Lee KH. Crystal structure of an iron superoxide dismutase from the pathogenic amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:480-488. [PMID: 31282867 PMCID: PMC6613442 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19008112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron superoxide dismutase found in the pathogenic amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii (AcFeSOD) may play essential roles in the survival of the parasite, not only by protecting it from endogenous oxidative stress but also by detoxifying oxidative killing of the parasite by host immune effector cells. The AcFeSOD protein was expressed in a stable form using an Escherichia coli expression system and was crystallized by the microbatch and hanging-drop vapour-diffusion methods. The structure was determined to 2.33 Å resolution from a single AcFeSOD crystal. The crystal belonged to the hexagonal space group P61 and contained 12 molecules forming three tetramers in the asymmetric unit, with an iron ion bound in each molecule. Structural comparisons and sequence alignment of AcFeSOD with other FeSODs showed a well conserved overall fold and conserved active-site residues with subtle differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh Dao
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Killivalavan Asaithambi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Kuk Na
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Ho Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
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916
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Hussain SS, Kashatus DF. MDVs: Spare the SOD and Spoil the Bug. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 24:616-618. [PMID: 30439336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are important anti-microbial weapons utilized by phagocytes of the innate immune system. In this issue of Cell Host and Microbe, Abuaita et al. (2018) show that in macrophages, mitochondrial-derived vesicles deliver the superoxide dismutase Sod2 to bacteria-containing phagosomes to produce hydrogen peroxide and kill invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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917
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Jena NR. Manganese‐Coordinated Tyrosine Bio Materials for the Sensing of Reactive Oxygen Species. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Ranjan Jena
- Discipline of Natural SciencesIndian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Khamaria Jabalpur- 482005 India
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918
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Gomez ML, Shah N, Kenny TC, Jenkins EC, Germain D. SOD1 is essential for oncogene-driven mammary tumor formation but dispensable for normal development and proliferation. Oncogene 2019; 38:5751-5765. [PMID: 31222103 PMCID: PMC6639133 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the dismutase SOD1 is overexpressed in breast cancer. However, whether SOD1 plays an active role in tumor formation in vivo has never been demonstrated. Further, as luminal cells of normal breast epithelial cells are enriched in SOD1, whether SOD1 is essential for normal mammary gland development has never been determined. We initiated this study to investigate the role of SOD1 in mammary gland tumorigenesis as well as in normal mammary gland development. We crossed the inducible erbB2 (MMTV-iErbB2) and Wnt (MMTV-Wnt) transgenic mice to the SOD1 heterozygote or knockout mice. Our results show that SOD1 is essential for oncogene-driven proliferation, but not normal proliferation of the mammary gland associated with pregnancy or other normal proliferative tissues such as skin and intestines. We show that activation of the oncogene ErbB2 is associated with increased ROS and that high ROS sub-population of ErbB2 cancer cells show elevated SOD1. In the same cells, decrease in SOD1 is associated with an elevation in both apoptosis as well as oncogene-induced senescence. Based on these results, we suggest that SOD1 carries a housekeeping function that maintains ROS levels below a threshold that supports oncogene-dependent proliferation, while allowing escape from oncogene-induced senescence, independently of the oncogene driving tumor formation. These results identify SOD1 as an ideal target for cancer therapy as SOD1 inhibitors hold the potential to prevent the growth of cancers cells of diverse genotypes, activate multiple modes of cell death therefore making acquired resistance more difficult, while sparing normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nagma Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Kenny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edmund C Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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919
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Abou-Zeina HAA, Nasr SM, Nassar SA, Farag TK, El-Bayoumy MK, Ata EB, Hassan NMF, Abdel-Aziem SH. Beneficial effects of antioxidants in improving health conditions of sheep infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2379-2386. [PMID: 31177472 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of multinutrient antioxidant treatment on sheep naturally infected with FMD virus was investigated in terms of general health conditions, serum proteins profile, and antioxidant/oxidant parameters. Twenty diseased sheep were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 5) and underwent certain therapeutic protocols for 8 weeks as follows: GI, infected not treated group; GII, infected and treated with the ideal and usual line of treatment against FMD virus infection; GIII, infected animals supplemented orally zinc methionine at a dose of 5 g/head/day and vitamin E with selenium-enriched yeast at the same dose level; GIV, infected animals received both the ideal treatment and antioxidants. The animals under experiment were clinically evaluated. Blood samples were obtained for the comet assay and biochemical examination at zero time and at the 8th week after treatment. Results revealed that DNA damage reduced in both GIII and GIV groups which received antioxidants. In the GI group, the activity of SOD and GPx and the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) markedly decreased. However, in both GIII and GIV groups treated with multinutrient antioxidants, GPx and TAC values significantly increased after treatment in comparison with the values of the same groups before treatment. After treatment with multinutrient antioxidants, α1-, β-, and γ-globulins levels markedly increased in GII and GIII groups while α2-globulin level decreased. The improvement in healing of clinical signs and general health conditions was clear in the GIV group. Finally, FMD infection in sheep was found to be associated with oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants as therapeutic approaches recovers and improves general health conditions and performance of affected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala A A Abou-Zeina
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soad M Nasr
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Somia A Nassar
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tark K Farag
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K El-Bayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha M F Hassan
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sekena H Abdel-Aziem
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
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920
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Insights on alpha lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as promising scavengers of oxidative stress and possible chelators in mercury toxicology. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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921
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Liu J, Lu W, Shi B, Klein S, Su X. Peroxisomal regulation of redox homeostasis and adipocyte metabolism. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101167. [PMID: 30921635 PMCID: PMC6434164 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous cellular organelles required for specific pathways of fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis, and until recently their functions in adipocytes have not been well appreciated. Importantly, peroxisomes host many oxygen-consumption reactions and play a major role in generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), influencing whole cell redox status. Here, we review recent progress in peroxisomal functions in lipid metabolism as related to ROS/RNS metabolism and discuss the roles of peroxisomal redox homeostasis in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. We provide a framework for understanding redox regulation of peroxisomal functions in adipocytes together with testable hypotheses for developing therapies for obesity and the related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China; Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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922
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Structure Characterization and Action Mechanism of an Antiaging New Compound from Gastrodia elata Blume. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5459862. [PMID: 31198492 PMCID: PMC6526511 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5459862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new compound, bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)ether mono-β-L-galactopyranoside (1), was isolated from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume. Its structure was elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-TOF-MS, and chemical derivatization. Compound 1 extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 and the chronological lifespan of YOM36 yeast strains. To understand the mechanism of action, oxidative stress assessment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity assays, and replicative lifespan assay of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 yeast mutant strains were performed. Results indicated the significant increase in the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress after treatment with 1. ROS and MDA levels were reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the activity of CAT and GPx was significantly increased. The lifespan of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 mutants of K6001 was not affected by 1. Furthermore, we investigated the gene expression related to longevity after administrating 1. The significant increase of Sir2 and reduction of Uth1 gene expression in the 1-treated group were observed. These results indicated that antioxidative stress played an important role in the antiaging effect of 1; Sir2 and Uth1 genes were involved in antiaging effects of 1.
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923
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Riccio P, Sessa R, de Nicola S, Petruzziello F, Trombetti S, Menna G, Pepe G, Maddalena P, Izzo P, Grosso M. GATA-1 isoforms differently contribute to the production and compartmentation of reactive oxygen species in the myeloid leukemia cell line K562. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20829-20846. [PMID: 31049966 PMCID: PMC6767011 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a balanced expression of the two isoforms of the transcription factor GATA‐1, the full‐length protein (GATA‐1FL) and a shorter isoform (GATA‐1
S), contributes to control hematopoiesis, whereas their dysregulation can alter the differentiation/proliferation potential of hematopoietic precursors thereby eventually leading to a variety of hematopoietic disorders. Although it is well established that these isoforms play opposite roles in these remarkable processes, most of the molecular pathways involved remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GATA‐1FL and GATA‐1S are able to differently influence intracellular redox states and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compartmentation in the erythroleukemic K562 cell line, thus shedding novel mechanistic insights into the processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance in myeloid precursors. Furthermore, given the role played by ROS signaling as a strategy to escape apoptosis and evade cell‐mediated immunity in myeloid cells, this study highlights a mechanism through which aberrant expression of GATA‐1 isoforms could play a role in the leukemogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Riccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sessa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio de Nicola
- CNR-SPIN, National Research Council, Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials and Devices, Naples, Italy
| | - Fara Petruzziello
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Trombetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Menna
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pepe
- CNR-SPIN, National Research Council, Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials and Devices, Naples, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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924
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Hasan MT, Jang WJ, Lee BJ, Kim KW, Hur SW, Lim SG, Bai SC, Kong IS. Heat-killed Bacillus sp. SJ-10 probiotic acts as a growth and humoral innate immunity response enhancer in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:424-431. [PMID: 30872030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigations were carried out to evaluate and quantify the effects of dietary supplementation with heat-killed (HK) Bacillus sp. SJ-10 (BSJ-10) probiotic (1 × 108 CFU g-1) on the growth and immunity of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Flounder (averagely 9.64 g) were divided into two groups, and fed control and HK BSJ-10 (HKBSJ-10)-inoculated diets for 8 weeks. Investigations were carried out on growth and feed utilizations, innate immunity, serum biochemical parameters, microvilli length, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) transcriptions. Compared to control, HKBSJ-10 diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced weight gain and protein efficiency ratio, 1.17 and 1.11 folds respectively. Humoral innate immune parameters, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase in treatment group were also elevated by 1.34 and 1.16 folds. Similarly, an increased (P < 0.05) relative expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were recorded in liver (2.71, 3.38, and 4.12 folds respectively), and gill (2.08, 1.98, and 1.81 folds respectively) than that of controls. Moreover, after challenge with Streptococcus iniae (1 × 108 CFU mL-1), the HKBSJ-10-fed group exhibited significantly higher protection (P < 0.05) against streptococcosis compared to controls, validating the observed changes in immune parameters and induction on the cytokine-encoding genes. Therefore, HKBSJ-10 increases growth, modulates innate immune parameters, and protects olive flounders against streptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tawheed Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea; Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Lim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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925
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Perkins AT, Greig MM, Sontakke AA, Peloquin AS, McPeek MA, Bickel SE. Increased levels of superoxide dismutase suppress meiotic segregation errors in aging oocytes. Chromosoma 2019; 128:215-222. [PMID: 31037468 PMCID: PMC6823651 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The risk of meiotic segregation errors increases dramatically during a woman’s thirties, a phenomenon known as the maternal age effect. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that meiotic cohesion deteriorates as oocytes age. One mechanism that may contribute to age-induced loss of cohesion is oxidative damage. In support of this model, we recently reported (Perkins et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(44):E6823–E6830, 2016) that the knockdown of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)–scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), during meiotic prophase causes premature loss of arm cohesion and segregation errors in Drosophila oocytes. If age-dependent oxidative damage causes meiotic segregation errors, then the expression of extra SOD1 (cytosolic/nuclear) or SOD2 (mitochondrial) in oocytes may attenuate this effect. To test this hypothesis, we generated flies that contain a UAS-controlled EMPTY, SOD1, or SOD2 cassette and induced expression using a Gal4 driver that turns on during meiotic prophase. We then compared the fidelity of chromosome segregation in aged and non-aged Drosophila oocytes for all three genotypes. As expected, p{EMPTY} oocytes subjected to aging exhibited a significant increase in nondisjunction (NDJ) compared with non-aged oocytes. In contrast, the magnitude of age-dependent NDJ was significantly reduced when expression of extra SOD1 or SOD2 was induced during prophase. Our findings support the hypothesis that a major factor underlying the maternal age effect in humans is age-induced oxidative damage that results in premature loss of meiotic cohesion. Moreover, our work raises the exciting possibility that antioxidant supplementation may provide a preventative strategy to reduce the risk of meiotic segregation errors in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Intermountain Healthcare Precision Genomics, 600 S. Medical Center Drive, St. George, UT, 84770, USA
| | - Miranda M Greig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Amrita A Sontakke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Andrew S Peloquin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sharon E Bickel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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926
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Gomez M, Germain D. Cross talk between SOD1 and the mitochondrial UPR in cancer and neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:12-18. [PMID: 31028834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is rapidly gaining attention. While the CHOP (ATF4/5) axis of the UPRmt was the first to be described, other axes have subsequently been reported. Validation of this complex pathway in C. elegans has been extensively studied. However, validation of the UPRmt in mouse models of disease known to implicate mitochondrial reprogramming or dysfunction, such as cancer and neurodegeneration, respectively, is only beginning to emerge. This review summarizes recent findings and highlights the major role of the superoxide dismutase SOD1 in the communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus in these settings. While SOD1 has mostly been studied in the context of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), recent studies suggest that SOD1 may be a potentially important mediator of the UPRmt and converge to emphasize an increasingly vital role of SOD1 as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
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927
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Nawrocka J, Gromek A, Małolepsza U. Nitric Oxide as a Beneficial Signaling Molecule in Trichoderma atroviride TRS25-Induced Systemic Defense Responses of Cucumber Plants Against Rhizoctonia solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:421. [PMID: 31057564 PMCID: PMC6478799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma atroviride TRS25 is presented as a biological control agent, which significantly limits the development of infection and reduces the disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). The systemic disease suppression is related to oxidative, signaling, and biochemical changes, that are triggered in response to a pathogen. Induction of systemic defense in cucumber by TRS25 greatly depends on the accumulation of signaling molecules including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives including methyl salicylate (MeSA) and octyl salicylate (OSA). The study established that NO was accumulated in leaves and shoots of the cucumber plants, especially those pretreated with Trichoderma and inoculated with R. solani, where the compound was accumulated mainly in the cells localized in the vascular bundles and in epidermal tissues. We suggest, for the first time, that in the plants pretreated with TRS25, the accumulation of H2O2 and NO may be related to catalase (CAT) and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity decrease. On the other hand, excessive accumulation of NO and SA may be controlled by forming their inactive forms, S-nitrosothiols (SNO) and salicylic acid glucosylated conjugates (SAGC), respectively. The obtained results suggest that the mentioned molecules may be an important component of the complex signaling network activated by TRS25, which is positively involved in systemic defense responses of cucumber plants against R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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928
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Spiers JG, Chen HJC, Bourgognon JM, Steinert JR. Dysregulation of stress systems and nitric oxide signaling underlies neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:468-483. [PMID: 30716433 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a multimodal response involving the coordination of numerous body systems in order to maximize the chance of survival. However, long term activation of the stress response results in neuronal oxidative stress via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, contributing to the development of depression. Stress-induced depression shares a high comorbidity with other neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, often appearing as one of the earliest observable symptoms in these diseases. Furthermore, stress and/or depression appear to exacerbate cognitive impairment in the context of AD associated with dysfunctional catecholaminergic signaling. Given there are a number of homologous pathways involved in the pathophysiology of depression and AD, this article will highlight the mechanisms by which stress-induced perturbations in oxidative stress, and particularly NO signaling, contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Joern R Steinert
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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929
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Non-mitotic effect of albendazole triggers apoptosis of human leukemia cells via SIRT3/ROS/p38 MAPK/TTP axis-mediated TNF-α upregulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:154-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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930
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Liao Z, Chua D, Tan NS. Reactive oxygen species: a volatile driver of field cancerization and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:65. [PMID: 30927919 PMCID: PMC6441160 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Field cancerization and metastasis are the leading causes for cancer recurrence and mortality in cancer patients. The formation of primary, secondary tumors or metastasis is greatly influenced by multifaceted tumor-stroma interactions, in which stromal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the behavior of the cancer cells. Many studies have identified cytokines and growth factors as cell signaling molecules that aid cell to cell communication. However, the functional contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a family of volatile chemicals, as communication molecules are less understood. Cancer cells and various tumor-associated stromal cells produce and secrete a copious amount of ROS into the TME. Intracellular ROS modulate cell signaling cascades that aid in the acquisition of several hallmarks of cancers. Extracellular ROS help to propagate, amplify, and effectively create a mutagenic and oncogenic field which facilitate the formation of multifoci tumors and act as a springboard for metastatic tumor cells. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of ROS as atypical paracrine signaling molecules for field cancerization and metastasis. Field cancerization and metastasis are often discussed separately; we offer a model that placed these events with ROS as the focal instigating agent in a broader "seed-soil" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damien Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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931
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Kim SH, Lim JW, Kim H. Astaxanthin Prevents Decreases in Superoxide Dismutase 2 Level and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Helicobacter pylori-infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:54-58. [PMID: 30993096 PMCID: PMC6453584 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activates inflammatory and carcinogenesis-related signaling pathways in gastric epithelial cells. Therefore, reducing ROS, by upregulating antioxidant enzyme, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), may be a novel strategy to prevent H. pylori-associated gastric diseases. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant carotenoid that prevents oxidative stress-induced cell injury. The present study was aimed to determine whether H. pylori decreases SOD activity by changing the levels of SOD1/SOD2 and whether astaxanthin prevents changes in SOD levels and activity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. Methods AGS cells were pre-treated with astaxanthin for 3 hours prior to H. pylori infection and cultured for 1 hour in the presence of H. pylori. SOD levels and activity were assessed by Western blot analysis and a commercial assay kit, respectively. Mitochondrial ROS was determined using MitoSOX fluorescence. Results H. pylori decreased SOD activity and the SOD2 level, but increased mitochondrial ROS in AGS cells. The SOD1 level was not changed by H. pylori infection. Astaxanthin prevented H. pylori-induced decreases in the SOD2 level and SOD activity and reduced mitochondrial ROS in AGS cells. Conclusions Consumption of astaxanthin-rich food may prevent the development of H. pylori-associated gastric disorders by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhn Hyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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932
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De Matteis V, Cascione M, Toma CC, Pellegrino P, Rizzello L, Rinaldi R. Tailoring Cell Morphomechanical Perturbations Through Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:109. [PMID: 30923929 PMCID: PMC6439097 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The nowadays growing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial products does not match a comprehensive understanding of their potential harmfulness. More in vitro investigations are required to address how the physicochemical properties of NPs guide their engulfment within cells and their intracellular trafficking, fate, and toxicity. These nano-bio interactions have not been extensively addressed yet, especially from a mechanical viewpoint. Cell mechanic is a critical indicator of cell health because it regulates processes like cell migration, tissue integrity, and differentiation via cytoskeleton rearrangements. Here, we investigated in vitro the elasticity perturbation of Caco-2 and A549 cell lines, in terms of Young's modulus modification induced by SiO2NPS and TiO2NPS. TiO2NPs demonstrated stronger effects on cell elasticity compared to SiO2NPs, as they induced significant morphological and morphometric changes in actin network. TiO2NPS increased the elasticity in Caco-2 cells, while opposite effects have been observed on A549 cells. These results demonstrate the existence of a correlation between the alteration of cell elasticity and NPs toxicity that depends, in turn, on the NPs physicochemical properties and the specific cell tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cristina Toma
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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933
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Feng XM, Su XL. Anticancer effect of ursolic acid via mitochondria-dependent pathways. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4761-4767. [PMID: 31186681 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various medicinal herbs and fruits. It has generated clinical interest due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic and anticarcinogenic effects. An increasing amount of evidence supports the anticancer effect of ursolic acid in various cancer cells. One of the hallmarks of malignant transformation is metabolic reprogramming that sustains macromolecule synthesis, bioenergetic demand and tumor cell survival. Mitochondria are important regulators of tumorigenes is as well as a major site of the metabolic reactions that facilitate this reprogramming and adaption to cellular and environmental changes. The current review explored the close association between the anticancer effect of ursolic acid and the activation of mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Lan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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934
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Tang J, Xiong L, Shu X, Chen W, Li W, Li J, Ma L, Xiao Y, Li L. Antioxidant effects of bioactive compounds isolated from cordyceps and their protective effects against UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1899-1906. [PMID: 30865373 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic Chengdu China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic Chengdu China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic Chengdu China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Dermatology West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD Dongguan China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD Dongguan China
| | - Lianzheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD Dongguan China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD Dongguan China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic Chengdu China
- Department of Dermatology West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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935
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Aliyu SR, Lin L, Chen X, Abdul W, Lin Y, Otieno FJ, Shabbir A, Batool W, Zhang Y, Tang W, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. Disruption of putative short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases compromised free radical scavenging, conidiogenesis, and pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 127:23-34. [PMID: 30822500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Scad) mediated β-oxidation serves as the fastest route for generating essential energies required to support the survival of organisms under stress or starvation. In this study, we identified three putative SCAD genes in the genome of the globally destructive rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, named as MoSCAD1, MoSCAD2, and MoSCAD3. To elucidate their function, we deployed targeted gene deletion strategy to investigate individual and the combined influence of MoSCAD genes on growth, stress tolerance, conidiation and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus. First, localization and co-localization results obtained from this study showed that MoScad1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), MoScad2 localizes exclusively to the mitochondria while MoScad3 partially localizes to the mitochondria and peroxisome at all developmental stages of M. oryzae. Results obtained from this investigation showed that the deletion of MoSCAD1 and MoSCAD2 caused a minimal but significant reduction in the growth of ΔMoscad1 and ΔMoscad2 strains, while, growth characteristics exhibited by the ΔMoscad3 strain was similar to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, we observed that deletion of MoSCAD2 resulted in drastic reduction in conidiation, delayed conidia germination, triggered the development of abnormal appressorium and suppressed host penetration and colonization efficiencies of the ΔMoscad1 strain. This study provides first material evidence confirming the possible existence of ER β-oxidation pathway in M. oryzae. We also infer that mitochondria β-oxidation rather than peroxisomal and ER β-oxidation play an essential role in the vegetative growth, conidiation, appressorial morphogenesis and progression of pathogenesis in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Rukaiya Aliyu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Waheed Abdul
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yahong Lin
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Frankine Jagero Otieno
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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936
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Direct and Indirect Inhibition Effects of Resveratrol against Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01233-18. [PMID: 30530601 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01233-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread obligatory parasitic protozoa and infects nearly all warm-blooded animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. The therapeutic drugs currently administered, like the combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, show high rates of toxic side effects, and drug resistance is encountered in some cases. Resveratrol is a natural plant extract with multiple functions, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and antiparasite activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on tachyzoites of the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain extracellularly and intracellularly. We demonstrate that resveratrol possesses direct antitoxoplasma activity by reducing the population of extracellularly grown tachyzoites, probably by disturbing the redox homeostasis of the parasites. Moreover, resveratrol was also able to release the burden of cellular stress, promote apoptosis, and maintain the autophagic status of macrophages, which turned out to be regulated by intracellular parasites, thereby functioning indirectly in eliminating T. gondii In conclusion, resveratrol has both direct and indirect antitoxoplasma effects against RH tachyzoites and may possess the potential to be further evaluated and employed for toxoplasmosis treatment.
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937
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Li Q, Wang G, Guan C, Yang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ji J, Jin C, An T. Overexpression of LcSABP, an Orthologous Gene for Salicylic Acid Binding Protein 2, Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:200. [PMID: 30847000 PMCID: PMC6393331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants, and in their response to abiotic stress. Previous studies have mostly focused on the effects of exogenously applied SA on the physiological response of plants to abiotic stresses; however, the underlying genetic mechanisms for the regulatory functions of endogenous SA in the defense response of plants remain unclear. In plants, SA binding protein 2 (SABP2), possessing methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity, catalyzes the conversion of MeSA to SA. Herein, a SABP2-like gene, LcSABP, was cloned from Lycium chinense, which contained a complete open reading frame of 795 bp and encoded a protein of 264 amino acids that shared high sequence similarities with SABP2 orthologs from other plants. Overexpression of LcSABP enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. The results indicated that increased levels of LcSABP transcripts and endogenous SA content were involved in the enhanced drought tolerance. Physiological and biochemical studies further demonstrated that higher chlorophyll content, increased photosynthetic capacity, lower malondialdehyde content, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic plants. Moreover, overexpression of LcSABP also increased the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and stress-responsive genes under drought stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that LcSABP plays a positive regulatory role in drought stress response by enhancing the endogenous SA content, promoting the scavenging of ROS, and regulating of the expression of stress-related transcription factor genes. Our findings indicate that LcSABP functions as a major regulator of the plant's response to drought stress through a SA-dependent defense pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting An
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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938
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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939
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Mitochondrial-related gene associated to obesity can be modulated by in utero hyperglycemic environment. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 85:59-64. [PMID: 30738174 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether mitochondrial-related genes and proteins are modulated by hyperglycemia promoted by gestational diabetes (GDM), thereby increasing neonate obesity predisposition. 19 healthy pregnant women, 16 pregnant women with GDM and their respective neonates were enrolled. Additionally, 19 obese and 19 eutrophic adults were recruited as a reference population. Umbilical cord, peripheral blood and placental (villous and decidua) tissues were collected to evaluate SOD2, PPAR-α and PPARGC-1β and their respective protein expressions. Data from the reference population confirmed that the three genes and proteins were overexpressed in blood cells of obese compared to eutrophic subjects. Only SOD2 was found upregulated in placental villous (fetal side) tissue of GDM women. Therefore, our findings showed an interaction between the hyperglycemic environment and SOD2 modulation, but also indicated that none of the three genes is useful as potential biomarkers for obesity development.
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940
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Montllor-Albalate C, Colin AE, Chandrasekharan B, Bolaji N, Andersen JL, Wayne Outten F, Reddi AR. Extra-mitochondrial Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is dispensable for protection against oxidative stress but mediates peroxide signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101064. [PMID: 30576923 PMCID: PMC6302037 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. As a consequence, Sod1 serves dual roles in oxidative stress protection and redox signaling by both scavenging cytotoxic superoxide radicals and producing hydrogen peroxide that can be used to oxidize and regulate the activity of downstream targets. However, the relative contributions of Sod1 to protection against oxidative stress and redox signaling are poorly understood. Using the model unicellular eukaryote, Baker's yeast, we found that only a small fraction of the total Sod1 pool is required for protection against superoxide toxicity and that this pool is localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. On the contrary, we find that much larger amounts of extra-mitochondrial Sod1 are critical for peroxide-mediated redox signaling. Altogether, our results force the re-evaluation of the physiological role of bulk Sod1 in redox biology; namely, we propose that the vast majority of Sod1 in yeast is utilized for peroxide-mediated signaling rather than superoxide scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyson E Colin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bindu Chandrasekharan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Naimah Bolaji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - F Wayne Outten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Amit R Reddi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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941
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Yang J, Zhou X, Zeng X, Hu O, Yi L, Mi M. Resveratrol attenuates oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulating mitochondrial fusion via TyrRS-PARP1 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:9. [PMID: 30733817 PMCID: PMC6354417 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Oxidative stress-induced damage in endothelial cells is a crucial initiator of atherosclerosis (AS), which is highly related to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dynamics. Resveratrol (RSV) exerts beneficial effects against endothelial oxidative injury, while the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of mitochondria dynamics during the anti-oxidative activities of RSV in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to verify whether tyrosyl transfer- RNA synthetase (TyrRS) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) are targeted during this process. Methods HUVECs were exposed to 200 μM of PA for 16 h before treated with 10 μM of RSV for 8 h. Cell viability was detected using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The intracellular ROS level and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were measured using microplate reader and flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were measured using the microplate reader. The mitochondrial morphology and fusion process was observed under transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. TyrRS and PARP1 were knocked down with the specific small interference RNAs (siRNA), and the protein expressions of TyrRS, PARP1, and mitochondrial fusion proteins (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) were measured by western blot. Results RSV treatment suppressed the PA-induced injuries in HUVECs, including the damage to cell viability, oxidative stress, and loss of MMP. Additionally, RSV improved the protein levels of MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 as well as inhibited the PA-induced fragmentation of mitochondria. However, the effects of RSV on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fusion were abolished by the pretreatment of siRNAs of TyrRS and PARP1, indicating that these effects of RSV were dependent on the TyrRS-PARP1 pathway. Conclusions RSV attenuated endothelial oxidative injury by regulating mitochondrial fusion via TyrRS-PARP1 signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0338-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jining Yang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Hu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
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942
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Ali MM, Mahmoud AM, Le Master E, Levitan I, Phillips SA. Role of matrix metalloproteinases and histone deacetylase in oxidative stress-induced degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H647-H663. [PMID: 30632766 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00090.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is crucial for normal endothelial function. It also tethers extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), which protects the endothelium against oxidative damage. Proteolytic enzymes [matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)] are capable of disrupting endothelial cell surface proteins, such as syndecans, resulting in derangements of the endothelial glycocalyx. We sought to test the role of MMPs in oxidative stress-mediated disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx and examine the effect of pharmacological inhibition of MMPs on mitigating this detrimental effect. We also examined the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in the oxidative stress-mediated MMP induction and glycocalyx remodeling. Oxidative stress was experimentally induced in human adipose microvascular endothelial cells using H2O2 and buthionine sulfoximine in the presence and absence of potent MMP and HDAC inhibitors. H2O2 and buthionine sulfoximine resulted in a notable loss of the endothelial glycocalyx; they also increased the expression and proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and subsequently increased the shedding of syndecan-1 and SOD3 from the endothelial cell surface. MMP upregulation was accompanied by a decline in mRNA and protein levels of their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs; TIMP-1 and TIMP-3). Furthermore, oxidative stress induced HDAC activity. Inhibition of MMPs and HDAC reversed syndecan-1 and SOD3 shedding and maintained endothelial glycocalyx integrity. HDAC inhibition increased TIMP expression and reduced MMP expression and activity in endothelial cells. Our findings shed light on MMPs and HDAC as therapeutically targetable mechanisms in oxidative stress-induced glycocalyx remodeling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxidative stress, a hallmark of many diseases, damages the endothelial glycocalyx, resulting in vascular dysfunction. Studying the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and endothelial glycocalyx derangements might help discover new therapeutic targets to preserve vascular function. In this study, we investigated the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and histone deacetylase in oxidative stress-induced endothelial glycocalyx degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Ali
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth Le Master
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irena Levitan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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943
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Ren X, Wang M, He X, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Chen X, Ren H, Meng X. Superoxide dismutase mimetic ability of Mn-doped ZnS QDs. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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944
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Dąbrowska-Bouta B, Sulkowski G, Strużyński W, Strużyńska L. Prolonged Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Results in Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Myelin. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:495-504. [PMID: 30406926 PMCID: PMC6420427 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are frequently used in a wide range of medical and consumer products. Substantial usage of AgNPs is considered to create substantive risks to both the environment and the human health. Since there is increasing evidence that the main mechanism of toxicity of AgNPs relates to oxidative stress, in the current study we investigate oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in myelin isolated from adult rat brain subjected to a low dose of AgNPs. Animals were exposed for 2 weeks to 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of small (10 nm) AgNPs stabilized in citrate buffer or silver citrate established as a control to compare the effects of particulate and ionic forms of silver. We observe enhanced peroxidation of lipids and decreased concentrations of protein and non-protein –SH groups in myelin membranes. Simultaneously, expression of superoxide dismutase, a free radical scavenger, is increased whereas the process of protein glutathionylation, being a cellular protective mechanism against irreversible oxidation, is found to be inefficient. Results indicate that oxidative stress-induced alterations in myelin membranes may be the cause of ultrastructural disturbances in myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Dąbrowska-Bouta
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sulkowski
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Strużyński
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Unit of Zoology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego str, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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945
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Leanse LG, Harrington OD, Fang Y, Ahmed I, Goh XS, Dai T. Evaluating the Potential for Resistance Development to Antimicrobial Blue Light (at 405 nm) in Gram-Negative Bacteria: In vitro and in vivo Studies. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2403. [PMID: 30459719 PMCID: PMC6232756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health that requires our immediate attention. With increasing numbers of microbes that are becoming resistant to routinely used antimicrobials, it is vital that we look to other, non-traditional therapies for the treatment of infections. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) is an innovative approach that has demonstrated efficacy for the inactivation of an array of microbial pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the potential for resistance development to aBL in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria by carrying out multiple aBL exposures on bacteria. In the first aBL exposure, clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli [107 colony forming units/mL (CFU/mL)] were irradiated in phosphate-buffered saline with aBL at 405 nm until a >99.99% reduction in bacterial viability was achieved. Irradiation was then repeated for each bacterial species over 20 cycles of aBL exposure. The potential for resistance development to aBL was also investigated in vivo, in superficial mouse wounds infected with a bioluminescent strain of P. aeruginosa (PAO1; 108 CFU) and irradiated with a sub-curative radiant exposures of 108 or 216 J/cm2 aBL over 5 cycles of treatment (over 5 days) prior to bacterial isolation from the animal tissue. PAO1 isolated from infected tissue were treated with aBL at 216 J/cm2, in vitro, in parallel with unexposed PAO1 or PAO1 isolates from mouse wound infections not treated with aBL. No statistically significant correlation was found between the aBL-susceptibility of bacteria in vitro and the number of cycles of aBL exposure any bacterial species (P ≥ 0.26). In addition, serial exposure of infected mouse wounds to aBL did not result in any change in the susceptibility to aBL of PAO1 (P = 0.97). In conclusion, it is unlikely that sequential exposure to aBL will result in aBL-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Also, multiple aBL treatments may potentially be administered to an infected wound without resistance development becoming a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivia D Harrington
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yanyan Fang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xueping Sharon Goh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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946
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Biochemical and functional characterization of OsCSD3, a novel CuZn superoxide dismutase from rice. Biochem J 2018; 475:3105-3121. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs, EC 1.15.1.1) belong to an important group of antioxidant metalloenzymes. Multiple SODs exist for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cellular compartments to maintain an intricate ROS balance. The present study deals with molecular and biochemical characterization of CuZn SOD encoded by LOC_Os03g11960 (referred to as OsCSD3), which is the least studied among the four rice isozymes. The OsCSD3 showed higher similarity to peroxisomal SODs in plants. The OsCSD3 transcript was up-regulated in response to salinity, drought, and oxidative stress. Full-length cDNA encoding OsCSD3 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and analyzed for spectral characteristics. UV (ultraviolet)–visible spectroscopic analysis showed evidences of d–d transitions, while circular dichroism analysis indicated high β-sheet content in the protein. The OsCSD3 existed as homodimer (∼36 kDa) with both Cu2+ and Zn2+ metal cofactors and was substantially active over a wide pH range (7.0–10.8), with optimum pH of 9.0. The enzyme was sensitive to diethyldithiocarbamate but insensitive to sodium azide, which are the characteristics features of CuZn SODs. The enzyme also exhibited bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity. Unlike several other known CuZn SODs, OsCSD3 showed higher tolerance to hydrogen peroxide and thermal inactivation. Heterologous overexpression of OsCSD3 enhanced tolerance of E. coli sod double-knockout (ΔsodA ΔsodB) mutant and wild-type strain against methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress, indicating the in vivo function of this enzyme. The results show that the locus LOC_Os03g11960 of rice encodes a functional CuZn SOD with biochemical characteristics similar to the peroxisomal isozymes.
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947
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The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Redox-Dependent Signaling: Homeostatic and Pathological Responses in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100156. [PMID: 30287799 PMCID: PMC6211135 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite involved in most of the redox metabolism reactions and processes of the cells. H2O2 is recognized as one of the main molecules in the sensing, modulation and signaling of redox metabolism, and it is acting as a second messenger together with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). These second messengers activate in turn a cascade of downstream proteins via specific oxidations leading to a metabolic response of the cell. This metabolic response can determine proliferation, survival or death of the cell depending on which downstream pathways (homeostatic, pathological, or protective) have been activated. The cells have several sources of H2O2 and cellular systems strictly control its concentration in different subcellular compartments. This review summarizes research on the role played by H2O2 in signaling pathways of eukaryotic cells and how this signaling leads to homeostatic or pathological responses.
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948
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Liu W, Mo F, Jiang G, Liang H, Ma C, Li T, Zhang L, Xiong L, Mariottini GL, Zhang J, Xiao L. Stress-Induced Mucus Secretion and Its Composition by a Combination of Proteomics and Metabolomics of the Jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E341. [PMID: 30231483 PMCID: PMC6165293 DOI: 10.3390/md16090341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jellyfish respond quickly to external stress that stimulates mucus secretion as a defense. Neither the composition of secreted mucus nor the process of secretion are well understood. METHODS Aurelia coerulea jellyfish were stimulated by removing them from environmental seawater. Secreted mucus and tissue samples were then collected within 60 min, and analyzed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), respectively. RESULTS Two phases of sample collection displayed a quick decrease in volume, followed by a gradual increase. A total of 2421 and 1208 proteins were identified in tissue homogenate and secreted mucus, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the mucus-enriched proteins are mainly located in extracellular or membrane-associated regions, while the tissue-enriched proteins are distributed throughout intracellular compartments. Tryptamine, among 16 different metabolites, increased with the largest-fold change value of 7.8 in mucus, which is consistent with its involvement in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway 'tryptophan metabolism'. We identified 11 metalloproteinases, four serpins, three superoxide dismutases and three complements, and their presence was speculated to be related to self-protective defense. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a composition profile of proteins and metabolites in stress-induced mucus and tissue homogenate of A. coerulea. This provides insight for the ongoing endeavors to discover novel bioactive compounds. The large increase of tryptamine in mucus may indicate a strong stress response when jellyfish were taken out of seawater and the active self-protective components such as enzymes, serpins and complements potentially play a key role in innate immunity of jellyfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Ship Hygiene, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guixian Jiang
- Clinical Medicine, Grade 2015, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongyu Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Tong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Liyan Xiong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Gian Luigi Mariottini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, I-16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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949
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Antioxidant Properties of Buffalo-Milk Dairy Products: A β-Lg Peptide Released after Gastrointestinal Digestion of Buffalo Ricotta Cheese Reduces Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071955. [PMID: 29973491 PMCID: PMC6073531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling regulates different gastrointestinal (G.I.) epithelium functions. At the intestinal level, the loss of redox homeostasis in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is responsible for the pathogenesis and development of a wide diversity of G.I. disorders. Thus, the manipulation of oxidative stress in IECs could represent an important pharmacological target for different diseases. In this study, peptides released from in vitro gastro intestinal digestion of different buffalo-milk commercial dairy products were identified and evaluated for their bioactive properties. In particular, six G.I. digests of dairy products were tested in a model of oxidative stress for IECs. Among them, buffalo ricotta cheese was the most active and the presence of an abundant β-lactoglobulin peptide (YVEELKPTPEGDL, f:60-72) was also revealed. The antioxidant potential of the identified peptide was also evaluated in a model of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in the IEC-6 cell line. The peptide was able to reduce ROS release, while, on the other hand, it increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activation and the expression of antioxidant cytoprotective factors, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These results indicate that buffalo ricotta cheese-isolated peptide could have potential in the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders.
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950
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Bansal A, Simon MC. Glutathione metabolism in cancer progression and treatment resistance. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2291-2298. [PMID: 29915025 PMCID: PMC6028537 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201804161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bansal and Simon discuss strategies to block glutathione synthesis and utilization pathways to inhibit tumor propagation and treatment resistance. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant found in living organisms and has multiple functions, most of which maintain cellular redox homeostasis. GSH preserves sufficient levels of cysteine and detoxifies xenobiotics while also conferring therapeutic resistance to cancer cells. However, GSH metabolism plays both beneficial and pathogenic roles in a variety of malignancies. It is crucial to the removal and detoxification of carcinogens, and alterations in this pathway can have a profound effect on cell survival. Excess GSH promotes tumor progression, where elevated levels correlate with increased metastasis. In this review, we discuss recent studies that focus on deciphering the role of GSH in tumor initiation and progression as well as mechanisms underlying how GSH imparts treatment resistance to growing cancers. Targeting GSH synthesis/utilization therefore represents a potential means of rendering tumor cells more susceptible to different treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bansal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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