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Albertini P, Mainardi P, Bagattini M, Lombardi A, Riccio P, Ragosta M, Pennino F, Bruzzese D, Triassi M. Risk Influence of Some Environmental and Behavioral Factors on Air Contamination in the Operating Room: An Experimental Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6592. [PMID: 37623177 PMCID: PMC10454192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Air contamination in operating rooms (ORs) depends on the conditions of the room and on activities therein performed. Methodologies of air quality assessment in ORs are often inadequately described in the scientific literature, and the time required for a change in status in air quality is never taken into account. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the state and the presence of human operators on air quality by implementing a precise measurement protocol that also took into account the time required for changes in the room to affect air pollution. As the main indicators of air pollution, bacterial load and concentration of airborne dust were measured. The results showed that: the use of surgical masks by operators in the OR did not significantly affect bacterial load within a distance of 2 m; keeping OR doors open did not induce a significant increase in bacterial load and of 5 μm particles while 10 μm particles concentration was positively affected; and air pollution measured with open doors was not significantly different from that due to the presence of two staff members, whether or not they were wearing masks. The results clarified the role of some factors on air pollution in ORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prospero Albertini
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Pierangela Mainardi
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Bagattini
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Annalisa Lombardi
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Patrizia Riccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Ragosta
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, V.le dell’Ateneo Lucano N° 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pennino
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini N° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (P.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (D.B.); (M.T.)
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Pezone A, Tramontano A, Scala G, Cuomo M, Riccio P, De Nicola S, Porcellini A, Chiariotti L, Avvedimento E. Tracing and tracking epiallele families in complex DNA populations. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa096. [PMID: 33575640 PMCID: PMC7671405 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic modification, extremely polymorphic and driven by stochastic and deterministic events. Most of the current techniques used to analyse methylated sequences identify methylated cytosines (mCpGs) at a single-nucleotide level and compute the average methylation of CpGs in the population of molecules. Stable epialleles, i.e. CpG strings with the same DNA sequence containing a discrete linear succession of phased methylated/non-methylated CpGs in the same DNA molecule, cannot be identified due to the heterogeneity of the 5'-3' ends of the molecules. Moreover, these are diluted by random unstable methylated CpGs and escape detection. We present here MethCoresProfiler, an R-based tool that provides a simple method to extract and identify combinations of methylated phased CpGs shared by all components of epiallele families in complex DNA populations. The methylated cores are stable over time, evolve by acquiring or losing new methyl sites and, ultimately, display high information content and low stochasticity. We have validated this method by identifying and tracing rare epialleles and their families in synthetic or in vivo complex cell populations derived from mouse brain areas and cells during postnatal differentiation. MethCoresProfiler is written in R language. The software is freely available at https://github.com/84AP/MethCoresProfiler/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tramontano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, Università Federico II Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariella Cuomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio De Nicola
- Department of Physics, Università Federico II Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Porcellini
- Department of Biology, Università Federico II Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico V Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Cammarota F, Conte A, Aversano A, Muto P, Ametrano G, Riccio P, Turano M, Valente V, Delrio P, Izzo P, Pierantoni GM, De Rosa M. Lithium chloride increases sensitivity to photon irradiation treatment in primary mesenchymal colon cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1501-1508. [PMID: 32016459 PMCID: PMC7002976 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer worldwide. It is also the second most common cause of cancer-associated mortality; it accounted for about 9.2% of all cancer deaths in 2018, most of which were due to resistance to therapy. The main treatment for CRC is surgery, generally associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and combination therapy. However, while chemo-radiotherapy kills differentiated cancer cells, mesenchymal stem-like cells are resistant to this treatment, and this can give rise to therapy-resistant tumors. Our previous study isolated T88 primary colon cancer cells from a patient with sporadic colon cancer. These cells exhibited mesenchymal and epithelial features, high levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors, and stemness markers. In addition, it was revealed that lithium chloride (LiCl), a specific glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inhibitor, induced both the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and differentiation, and also reduced cell migration, stemness features and cell plasticity in these primary colon cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LiCl treatment on the viability of primary colon cancer cells exposed to 7 Gy delivered by high-energy photon beams, which corresponds to 6 megavolts of energy. To achieve this aim, the viability of irradiated T88 cells was compared with that of irradiated T88 cells pre-treated with LiCl. As expected, it was observed that LiCl sensitized primary colon cancer cells to high-energy photon irradiation treatment. Notably, the decrease in cell viability was greater with combined therapy than with irradiation alone. To explore the molecular basis of this response, the effect of LiCl on the expression of Bax, p53 and Survivin, which are proteins involved in the apoptotic mechanism and in death escape, was analyzed. The present study revealed that LiCl upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulated the expression of proteins involved in survival. These effects were enhanced by high-energy photon irradiation, suggesting that LiCl could be used to sensitize colon cancer cells to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cammarota
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Conte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Aversano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori‑IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ametrano
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori‑IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mimmo Turano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Colorectal Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori‑IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
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Riccio P, Sessa R, Nicola S, Petruzziello F, Trombetti S, Menna G, Pepe G, Maddalena P, Izzo P, Grosso M. Cover Image, Volume 234, Number 11, November 2019. J Cell Physiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Riccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Raffaele Sessa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Sergio Nicola
- CNR‐SPIN National Research Council, Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials and Devices Naples Italy
| | - Fara Petruzziello
- Pediatric Hematology Unit Santobono‐Pausilipon Hospital Naples Italy
| | - Silvia Trombetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppe Menna
- Pediatric Hematology Unit Santobono‐Pausilipon Hospital Naples Italy
| | - Giampiero Pepe
- CNR‐SPIN National Research Council, Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials and Devices Naples Italy
- Department of Physics University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
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Riccio P, Sessa R, de Nicola S, Petruzziello F, Trombetti S, Menna G, Pepe G, Maddalena P, Izzo P, Grosso M. GATA-1 isoforms differently contribute to the production and compartmentation of reactive oxygen species in the myeloid leukemia cell line K562. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20829-20846. [PMID: 31049966 PMCID: PMC6767011 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a balanced expression of the two isoforms of the transcription factor GATA‐1, the full‐length protein (GATA‐1FL) and a shorter isoform (GATA‐1
S), contributes to control hematopoiesis, whereas their dysregulation can alter the differentiation/proliferation potential of hematopoietic precursors thereby eventually leading to a variety of hematopoietic disorders. Although it is well established that these isoforms play opposite roles in these remarkable processes, most of the molecular pathways involved remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GATA‐1FL and GATA‐1S are able to differently influence intracellular redox states and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compartmentation in the erythroleukemic K562 cell line, thus shedding novel mechanistic insights into the processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance in myeloid precursors. Furthermore, given the role played by ROS signaling as a strategy to escape apoptosis and evade cell‐mediated immunity in myeloid cells, this study highlights a mechanism through which aberrant expression of GATA‐1 isoforms could play a role in the leukemogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Riccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sessa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio de Nicola
- CNR-SPIN, National Research Council, Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials and Devices, Naples, Italy
| | - Fara Petruzziello
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Trombetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Menna
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pepe
- CNR-SPIN, National Research Council, Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials and Devices, Naples, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Coccolini F, Poiasina E, Bertoli P, Gossetti F, Agresta F, Dassatti MR, Riccio P, Cavalli M, Agrusti S, Cucchi M, Negro P, Campanelli G, Ansaloni L, Catena F. The Italian Register of Biological Prostheses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 50:262-72. [PMID: 23751813 DOI: 10.1159/000351333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide variety of meshes are available for surgical treatment of abdominal wall defects. These meshes are constructed with different materials with different biological properties. METHODS A prospective database was instituted (January 2009-December 2010) to register biological prostheses (BPs) implanted in Italy. RESULTS A total of 193 cases were registered. The mean age of the patients was 53.1 years (SD ±7.4). The ratio of males to females was 1.3 to 1. The mean body mass index was 28.2 (SD ±4.1). The breakdown of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores was as follows: ASA I, 35.7%; ASA II, 27.5%; ASA III, 31.6%, and ASA IV, 5.2%. For ventral-incisional hernias, the mean duration of surgery was 101.1 min (SD ±25.3), while for inguinal-femoral hernias it was 49.2 min (SD ±19.1). The rate of urgent procedures was 36.7%. The surgical field was clean in 57.4% of cases, clean-contaminated in 21.3%, contaminated in 12.3% and dirty in 9%. Techniques used for inguinal-femoral hernias were as follows: Lichtenstein in 66.7%, plug and mesh in 3.8%, transabdominal-preperitoneal in 25.7% and intraperitoneal onlay mesh in 3.8%. The following prostheses were used: swine intestinal submucosa in 54.9%, porcine dermal collagen in 39.9% and bovine pericardium in 5.2%. In 45.1% of cases the prostheses were cross-linked. Techniques used for ventral-incisional hernias were as follows: onlay in 3.6%, inlay in 5.5%, sublay in 62.7% and underlay via laparoscopy in 28.2%. The mean overlap was 4.1 cm (SD ±1.2). No intestinal anastomosis was necessary in 65.3% of cases; however, small/large bowel resection and anastomoses were necessary in 22.3 and 12.4% of cases, respectively. Intraoperative blood transfusion was necessary in 10.4% of procedures. The skin was completely closed in 84% of procedures. At the 1-month follow-up, there were no complications in 54.4% of cases. Among the cases with complications, 10 patients (5.8%) experienced recurrence, and the postoperative readmission rate was 12.9%. The average visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain was 2.9 (SD ±1.2) at rest. At the 1-year follow-up, there were no complications in 96.4% of cases. Two patients experienced recurrence, and the postoperative readmission rate was 3.6%. The average VAS score for pain was 1.8 (SD ±0.8) at rest. CONCLUSIONS This register shows that BPs are highly versatile and can be used in either open or laparoscopic surgery in all kinds of patients and in contaminated surgical fields. However, due to the very good outcomes of synthetic meshes and the high costs of BPs, the latter should only be used in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coccolini
- General Surgery Departement, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
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Racosta J, Klein F, Riccio P, Pagani-Cassara F, Gonzalez Toledo M, Munoz Giacomelli F, Jauregui A, Sposato L. Simplified Symptoms-Based Score for the Assessment of Ischemic Stroke Severity (P07.003). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Munoz Giacomelli F, Klein F, Riccio P, Racosta J, Jauregui A, Pagani-Cassara F, Gonzalez Toledo M, Sposato L. New Onset Atrial Fibrillation. Changing the Pathophysiological Paradigm: Neurogenic Origin in Younger Patients with a Healthy Heart? (P07.026). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jauregui A, Klein F, Riccio P, Gonzalez Toledo M, Racosta J, Munoz Giacomelli F, Pagani-Cassara F, Sposato L. International Normalized Ratio and Severity of Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients under Oral Anticoagulation (P06.225). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Munoz Giacomelli F, Klein F, Riccio P, Gonzalez Toledo M, Pagani-Cassara F, Jauregui A, Racosta J, Sposato L. New Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Periprocedural and Non-Peripocedural Ischemic Stroke (P06.249). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Riccio P, Klein F, Munoz Giacomelli F, Pagani-Cassara F, Jauregui A, Gonzalez Toledo M, Racosta J, Sposato L. Unfavorable Neurological Outcome among Patients Admitted during On-Call Hours (P06.251). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Riccio P, Klein F, Munoz Giacomelli F, Racosta J, Pagani-Cassara F, Gonzalez Toledo M, Jauregui A, Sposato L. Wake-Up Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: Association with New Onset Atrial Fibrillation (P04.067). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Riccio P. The molecular basis of nutritional intervention in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review. Complement Ther Med 2011; 19:228-37. [PMID: 21827937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that nutrition is one of the possible environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role as complementary MS treatment is unclear and largely disregarded. At present, MS therapy is not associated to a particular diet, probably due to lack of information on the effects of nutrition on the disease. To overcome the distrust of the usefulness of dietary control in MS and to encourage nutritional interventions in the course of the disease, it is necessary to assess the nature and the role of bioactive dietary molecules and their targets, and establish how a dietary control can influence cell metabolism and improve the wellness of MS patients. The aim of this review is to provide a rationale for a nutritional intervention in MS by evaluating at the molecular level the effects of dietary molecules on the inflammatory and autoimmune processes involved in the disease. Present data reveal that healthy dietary molecules have a pleiotropic role and are able to change cell metabolism from anabolism to catabolism and down-regulate inflammation by interacting with enzymes, nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors. The control of gut dysbiosis and the combination of hypo-caloric, low-fat diets with specific vitamins, oligoelements and dietary integrators, including fish oil and polyphenols, may slow-down the progression of the disease and ameliorate the wellness of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Riccio
- Dipartimento di Biologia D.B.A.F., University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
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Abstract
Severe adverse reaction to yellow fever (YF) vaccine includes the yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease. This terminology includes postvaccinal encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The objective of this communication is to report a patient who received a YF vaccine in Argentina and subsequently developed longitudinal myelitis with a symptom that had previously gone unreported in the literature. A 56-year-old man began with progressive paraparesia, urinary retention, and constipation 48 h previous to admission. The patient received YF vaccine 45 days prior to the onset of the symptoms. There was no history of other immunization or relevant condition. MR of the spine showed longitudinal intramedullary hyperintense signal (D5-12) without gadolinium enhancement. A high concentration of YFV-specific IgM vaccine antibody was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Serological tests for other flavivirus were negative. A diagnosis of longitudinal myelitis without encephalitis associated with YF vaccine was performed and symptoms improved 5 days later. This is the first report dealing with longitudinal myelitis as a serious adverse event associated with YF vaccination in which confirmation of the presence of antibodies in CSF was found. To date, it is also the first report with serological confirmation in Argentina and in South America. We consider that the present investigation will raise awareness in the region in the reporting of adverse events related to YF vaccine and improve our knowledge of adverse reactions to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chaves
- Department of Neurology Department, Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Autiero M, Cozzolino R, Laccetti P, Marotta M, Quarto M, Riccio P, Roberti G. In vivo tumor detection in small animals by hematoporphyrin-mediated fluorescence imaging. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S97-103. [PMID: 20666573 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noninvasive in vivo imaging of human tumors implanted in mice provides a reliable and economic tool for the investigation of tumor progression and metastasis and of the effectiveness of the antiblastic drugs on them. The purpose of this study is to report on the performance achievable by the well-known and extensively investigated HP-FRI (HematoPorphyrin (HP)-mediated Fluorescence Reflectance Imaging) when a high-quality image-acquisition device is used. BACKGROUND DATA Previous articles of ours showed that HP-FRI still represents a useful, simple and reliable optical imaging technique to detect surface tumors. Therefore, it is particularly suitable to be used in combination with other imaging modalities in a multimodal imaging system endowed with diagnostic capabilities much better than each separate modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week-old Crl:CD-1 nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with tumor cells. Tumor-bearing mice were irradiated in vivo by a frequency-doubled pulsed Nd:YAG laser (lambda = 532 nm). A cooled CCD digital camera recorded fluorescence light emitted by HP injected in mice through a cut-on long-wavelength pass filter. RESULTS The system we developed allows in vivo imaging of surface tumors on small animals with a large field of view, high photometric sensitivity, adequate space resolution, and short measurement time. The estimated spatial resolution is 730 microm for a fluorescence source placed about 0.5 mm under the mouse skin. The first exploration of the capabilities of this HP-FRI setup on few mice shows that it allows the detection of (a) both types of investigated tumors, (b) early stage and late stage but visually unrecognizable tumors, (c) the gross structure of tumors, and (d) the discrimination of necrotic and nonnecrotic tumor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Autiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Fernández Liguori N, Klajn D, Acion L, Cáceres F, Calle A, Carrá A, Cristiano E, Deri N, Garcea O, Jaureguiberry A, Onaha P, Patrucco L, Riccio P, Rotta Escalante R, Saladino ML, Sinay V, Tarulla A, Villa A. Epidemiological characteristics of pregnancy, delivery, and birth outcome in women with multiple sclerosis in Argentina (EMEMAR study). Mult Scler 2009; 15:555-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458509102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The influence of pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been extensively studied but such influence on Latin American women with MS has not been characterized. Our objective was to describe the course of pregnancy and birth outcome in Argentinean MS patients and the evolution of MS during pregnancy and after delivery. Method We used a retrospective design in eight MS centers in Argentina and administered a survey to women with definite MS (Mc Donald) with pregnancies during or after MS onset. We contacted 355 women of which 81 met inclusion criteria. We recorded 141 pregnancies. Results Involuntary abortion was observed in 16% of pregnancies (95% CI = 10–23). Thirty five women received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) before 42 pregnancies. Twenty three (55%) out of 42 pregnancies were exposed to IMT. The mean time of IMT discontinuation before conception in 19 (45.2%) pregnancies without exposure, was 104 days (95% CI = 61.0–147.0). There were 103 deliveries: 79% full term. Birth defects were detected in 19% of pregnancies exposed to IMT (95% CI = 4–46) and in 2% of non-exposed (95% CI = 0.3–8.0). The mean relapse rate was: pre-pregnancy year: 0.22 (95% CI = 0.12–0.32); pregnancy: 0.31 in 1st (95% CI = 0.10–0.52), 0.19 (95% CI = 0.03–0.36) in 2nd, and 0.04 in 3rd trimester (95% CI = –0.04–0.12); 1st trimester post delivery: 0.82 (95% CI = 0.42–1.22). Conclusion We observed a higher rate of birth defects among infants exposed to immunomodulators in utero than those not exposed. The reduction in MS relapses during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and its increase during postpartum is consistent with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Klajn
- Neurology Hospital E.Tornú, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Acion
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - F Cáceres
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Instituto Neurociencias Buenos Aires (INEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Calle
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Francés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Carrá
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Cristiano
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Deri
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital J. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Garcea
- Neuroimmmunology Unit Hospital J.M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Jaureguiberry
- Neuroimmmunology Unit Hospital J.M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Onaha
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Patrucco
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Riccio
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Rotta Escalante
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Policlínico Bancario, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - ML Saladino
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital E.Tornú, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Instituto Neurociencias Buenos Aires (INEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Sinay
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Francés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Tarulla
- Multiple Sclerosis Section Policlínico Bancario, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Villa
- Neuroimmmunology Unit Hospital J.M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Insabato L, Amelio I, Quarto M, Zannetti A, Tolino F, de Mauro G, Cerchia L, Riccio P, Baumhoer D, Condorelli G, Terracciano L, de Franciscis V. Elevated Expression of the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Defines a Subset of High-Grade Breast Tumors. Oncology 2009; 77:378-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000276765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Carratù M, Coluccia A, Borracci P, Fasano A, Riccio P, Cuomo V. Smoking during Pregnancy: A Risk Factor for Peripheral Neuropathy? Dev Neurosci 2008; 30:224-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Haas H, Steitz R, Fasano A, Liuzzi GM, Polverini E, Cavatorta P, Riccio P. Laminar order within Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers from phospholipid and myelin basic protein: a neutron reflectivity study. Langmuir 2007; 23:8491-6. [PMID: 17616158 DOI: 10.1021/la700733y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Multilayers consisting of negatively charged phospholipid DMPA and myelin basic protein (MBP) were assembled by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of floating Langmuir monolayers from the air/water interface to solid substrates. Protein/lipid samples were obtained by binding MBP from the aqueous subphase to the phospholipid monolayers before deposition. The vertical organization of these model membranes (i.e., with organization perpendicular to the substrate surface) was investigated in detail by neutron reflectivity measurements, and the internal distribution of water molecules was determined from the change of contrast after in-situ H2O/D2O exchange. The multilayers were well ordered, with repeating lipid bilayers as fundamental structural unit. MBP was inserted in between adjacent lipid headgroups, such as in the natural myelin membrane. Water molecules in the multilayers were present mainly in the lipid headgroup and protein slab. On exposition of the pure lipid multilayers to a dry atmosphere, a reduction of the bilayer spacing was determined, whereas the global lamellar order was not affected. In contrast, drying of the protein/lipid multilayers induced degradation of the laminar order. The data demonstrate that ordered Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers are versatile model systems for studying how competing interactions between lipid, protein, water, and ions affect the global organization of such multilamellar lipid/protein assemblies. Here, the water molecules were found to be a necessary mediator to maintain the laminar order in a multilayer from DMPA and myelin basic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Haas
- Medigene AG, Martinsried, Germany.
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21
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Rispoli P, Carzino R, Svaldo-Lanero T, Relini A, Cavalleri O, Fasano A, Liuzzi GM, Carlone G, Riccio P, Gliozzi A, Rolandi R. A thermodynamic and structural study of myelin basic protein in lipid membrane models. Biophys J 2007; 93:1999-2010. [PMID: 17513373 PMCID: PMC1959534 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major protein of the myelin membrane in the central nervous system. It is believed to play a relevant role in the structure and function of the myelin sheath and is a candidate autoantigen in demyelinating processes such as multiple sclerosis. MBP has many features typical of soluble proteins but is capable of strongly interacting with lipids, probably via a conformation change. Its structure in the lipid membrane as well as the details of its interaction with the lipid membrane are still to be resolved. In this article we study the interaction of MBP with Langmuir films of anionic and neutral phospholipids, used as experimental models of the lipid membrane. By analyzing the equilibrium surface pressure/area isotherms of these films, we measured the protein partition coefficient between the aqueous solution and the lipid membrane, the mixing ratio between protein and lipid, and the area of the protein molecules inserted in the lipid film. The penetration depth of MBP in the lipid monolayer was evaluated by x-ray reflectivity measurements. The mixing ratio and the MBP molecular area decrease as the surface pressure increases, and at high surface pressure the protein is preferentially located at the lipid/water interface for both anionic and neutral lipids. The morphology of MBP adsorbed on lipid films was studied by atomic force microscopy. MBP forms bean-like structures and induces a lateral compaction of the lipid surface. Scattered MBP particles have also been observed. These particles, which are 2.35-nm high, 4.7-nm wide, and 13.3-nm long, could be formed by protein-lipid complexes. On the basis of their size, they could also be either single MBP molecules or pairs of c-shaped interpenetrating molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rispoli
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genova, Italy
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22
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Rossano R, Piraino P, D'Ambrosio A, O'connell OF, Ungaro N, McSweeney PLH, Riccio P. Proteolysis in miniature cheddar-type cheeses manufactured using extracts from the crustacean Munida as coagulant. J Biotechnol 2005; 120:220-7. [PMID: 16083984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Miniature (20 g) Cheddar-type cheeses were manufactured using enzymes extracted from the crustacean Munida or chymosin as coagulant. Cheeses were ripened at 8 degrees C and samples were collected for analysis after 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Proteolysis was assessed by urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which showed that cheeses manufactured with the Munida extracts had a higher extent of degradation of beta-casein than cheeses made using chymosin as coagulant. Patterns of proteolysis were also obtained by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. In general, the products of proteolysis were more complex in cheese made using the Munida extracts than in cheese made by chymosin as coagulant. Statistical analysis of results clearly discriminated the cheeses on the basis of coagulant used. Molecular mass of peptides found in cheese made using Munida extracts were similar to those of peptides commonly detected in cheeses made using chymosin as coagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rossano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università della Basilicata, Campus di Macchia Romana, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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23
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Cristofolini L, Fontana MP, Serra F, Fasano A, Riccio P, Konovalov O. Microstructural analysis of the effects of incorporation of myelin basic protein in phospholipid layers. Eur Biophys J 2005; 34:1041-8. [PMID: 15917983 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-005-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report an X-ray reflectivity study on the effects of adsorption of myelin basic protein (MBP) on Langmuir monolayers and on deposited Langmuir-Schaefer multilayers of the phospholipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG). We provide for the first time, direct microscopic evidence on the destructuring effects of MBP leading to plasticity of the DPPG layers supporting commonly accepted models of the stabilizing role of MBP in the myelin membrane. We also show how protein adsorption onto the layer is determined both by electrostatic and nonspecific hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cristofolini
- Dipartmento di Fisica e Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Universita' di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7a, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
1. Synthesized 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxy[3-3H]quinoline N-oxide ([3H]NoHOQnO) is a powerful inhibitor of both NADH oxidase and succinate oxidase activities in submitochondrial particles from beef heart. 2. The binding of [3H]NoHOQnO to submitochondrial particles reveals one specific binding site, which is sensitive to antimycin, and a large amount of aspecific binding. 3. The content of [3H]NoHOQnO-specific binding sites is related to the cytochrome b content in the particles. 4. The binding of [3H]NoHOQnO to the specific site causes the inhibition of electron transfer. 5. The relation between the inhibition of NADH oxidation and [3H]NoHOQnO-specific binding is hyperbolic.
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25
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Autiero M, Liuzzi R, Riccio P, Roberti G. Determination of the concentration scaling law of the scattering coefficient of water solutions of Intralipid at 832 nm by comparison between collimated detection measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 36:414-22. [PMID: 15900560 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intralipid (IP) is a scatterer extensively used in the building of phantoms for Biomedical Optics measurements. Recently, deviations from the linearity have been shown for the concentration scaling law of the scattering coefficient of IP water solutions at visible wavelengths. In this work this scaling law was determined at 832 nm. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Space resolved transmittance measurements of a laser beam at 832 nm through water solutions of IP and ink were performed and compared with the corresponding results of Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS The comparison provides a quadratic dependence of mu'(s) on the volume-to-volume scatterer concentration, C(IP), in the range of C(IP) values (0.0024<C(IP)<0.0075). These deviations from the linear behavior are related to the failure of the independent scatterer approximation. CONCLUSION The quadratic dependence of mu'(s) on C(IP) is in agreement with recent results obtained by other groups with different experimental techniques and is validated by a recent theoretical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Autiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli I-80126, Italy
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26
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Cavaletti G, Cavalletti E, Crippa L, Di Luccio E, Oggioni N, Mazzanti B, Biagioli T, Sala F, Sala V, Frigo M, Rota S, Tagliabue E, Stanzani L, Galbiati S, Rigolio R, Zoia C, Tredici G, Perseghin P, Dassi M, Riccio P, Lolli F. Pixantrone (BBR2778) reduces the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 151:55-65. [PMID: 15145604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pixantrone is less cardiotoxic and is similarly effective to mitoxantrone (MTX) as an antineoplastic drug. In our study, pixantrone reduced the severity of acute and decreased the relapse rate of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. A marked and long-lasting decrease in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RA+ blood cells and reduced anti-MBP titers were observed with both pixantrone and MTX. In vitro mitogen- and antigen-induced T-cell proliferation tests of human and rodents cells evidenced that pixantrone was effective at concentrations which can be effectively obtained after i.v. administration in humans. Cardiotoxicity was present only in MTX-treated rats. The effectiveness and the favorable safety profile makes pixantrone a most promising immunosuppressant agent for clinical use in multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan Bicocca, and Department of Neurology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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27
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Colasanti A, Kisslinger A, Quarto M, Riccio P. Combined effects of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy on an in vitro human prostate model. Acta Biochim Pol 2004; 51:1039-1046. [PMID: 15625575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human prostate cancer cells were evaluated for growth after photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, and combined treatment. Indocyanine green was tested as a photosensitizer and radiosensitizer. Two human cell lines were used: PC-3 derived from prostate carcinoma, and EPN derived from normal prostate tissue. The light source used for the photoactivation experiments was a diode laser peaked at 805 nm. The light dose incident on cells was 108 J/cm(2). Ionizing radiation was produced by a linear accelerator, and the dose was 2, 4 and 6 Gy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the colony forming ability of cells. Our results show that indocyanine green induces cell death by photoactivation, but it does not act as a radiosensitizer if used with ionizing radiation. The combined treatment of photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy produces an additive effect which does not depend on the sequence of the two treatments. Combined treatments could be more useful since they allow the reduction of the ionizing radiation dose to obtain the same effect as one obtainable by radiotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Colasanti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
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28
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Cavaletti G, Perseghin P, Dassi M, Oggioni N, Sala F, Braga M, Lolli F, Riccio P, Carlone G, Zoia C, Tagliabue E, Stanzani L, Galbiati S, Rigamonti L, Marmiroli P, Ferrarese C, Frattola L, Tredici G. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy reduces the severity of Lewis rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis through a modulation of the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2004; 18:9-17. [PMID: 15323355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Extra corporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is an immunomodulating procedure used in several nonneurological diseases which, similarly to multiple sclerosis, are likely to be due to T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and it is probable that ECP can modulate the normal activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using the Lewis rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of human multiple sclerosis (MS) we examined the effect of extracorporeal UV-A irradiation on psoralen-activated PBMC. In our experiment the comparison between the two groups of animals (ECP or sham-treatment) evidenced that the ECP treatment reduced the severity of EAE on clinical grounds and this result was confirmed by the pathological examination. The changes in the titers of anti-myelin antigen antibodies typical of EAE were also modulated by the procedure. Ex vivo examination evidenced a significant reduction in tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) released by PBMC after lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation in culture. We conclude that ECP modifies the normal activity of PBMC during the course of EAE and it is possible that one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of ECP is correlated to a down-regulation of T-helper 1 lymphocytes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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29
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Haas H, Oliveira CLP, Torriani IL, Polverini E, Fasano A, Carlone G, Cavatorta P, Riccio P. Small angle x-ray scattering from lipid-bound myelin basic protein in solution. Biophys J 2004; 86:455-60. [PMID: 14695288 PMCID: PMC1303811 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of myelin basic protein (MBP), purified from the myelin sheath in both lipid-free (LF-MBP) and lipid-bound (LB-MBP) forms, was investigated in solution by small angle x-ray scattering. The water-soluble LF-MBP, extracted at pH < 3.0 from defatted brain, is the classical preparation of MBP, commonly regarded as an intrinsically unfolded protein. LB-MBP is a lipoprotein-detergent complex extracted from myelin with its native lipidic environment at pH > 7.0. Under all conditions, the scattering from the two protein forms was different, indicating different molecular shapes. For the LB-MBP, well-defined scattering curves were obtained, suggesting that the protein had a unique, compact (but not globular) structure. Furthermore, these data were compatible with earlier results from molecular modeling calculations on the MBP structure which have been refined by us. In contrast, the LF-MBP data were in accordance with the expected open-coil conformation. The results represent the first direct structural information from x-ray scattering measurements on MBP in its native lipidic environment in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Haas
- Universidade de São Paulo-Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Liuzzi GM, Mastroianni CM, Latronico T, Mengoni F, Fasano A, Lichtner M, Vullo V, Riccio P. Anti-HIV drugs decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in astrocytes and microglia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 127:398-407. [PMID: 14662518 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of potent antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has dramatically reduced the prevalence of HIV-associated neurological disorders. Such diseases can be mediated by proteolytic enzymes, i.e. matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and, in particular gelatinases, released from glial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the antiretroviral drugs commonly used for the treatment of HIV-infected patients modulate the activity of MMPs in astrocyte and microglial cultures. Primary cultures of rat astrocyte and microglia were treated with different doses of zidovudine (AZT) or indinavir (IDV) for 20 h and simultaneously activated by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Culture supernatants collected from astrocytes and microglia after 24 h incubation were subjected to gelatin zymography and western blot analysis for the assessment of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) protein levels. Total RNA was extracted from glial cells and used for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the assessment of mRNA expression. Our results indicate that both astrocyte and microglial cells constitutively express MMP-2 mRNA and protein. LPS treatment increased MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression in astrocytes, but not in microglial cells. The treatment with both AZT and IDV dose-dependently inhibited the expression of MMP-2 in astrocytes, whereas it had no effect on microglial cells. The expression of MMP-9 in both astrocytes and microglia was induced by LPS treatment and was dose-dependently inhibited by AZT and IDV treatment in LPS-stimulated astrocytes and microglia. These results raise the possibility that AZT and IDV interfere directly with MMP production in glial cells and independently from their antiviral activity, thus suggesting the possible therapeutical use in neurological diseases associated with MMPs involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Liuzzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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31
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Avolio C, Giuliani F, Liuzzi GM, Ruggieri M, Paolicelli D, Riccio P, Livrea P, Trojano M. Adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases in Multiple Sclerosis: effects induced by Interferon-beta. Brain Res Bull 2003; 61:357-64. [PMID: 12909305 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathology, early inflammation involves leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the central nervous system. In this process, adhesion molecules (AMs), both membrane-bound and soluble-circulating forms, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) certainly play a regulatory role. In MS, recombinant Interferon-beta (rIFNbeta) is effective in reducing gadolinium contrast-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and this suggests that it may reduce BBB damage or even restore its integrity by different mechanisms that include interference with both AM and MMP pathways. This review will highlight the effects induced by rIFNbeta, both in vitro and in vivo, on cell-bound and soluble forms of AMs and on MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Avolio
- Neurology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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32
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Natali F, Relini A, Gliozzi A, Rolandi R, Cavatorta P, Deriu A, Fasano A, Riccio P. Protein–membrane interaction: effect of myelin basic protein on the dynamics of oriented lipids. Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(03)00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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D’Ambrosio A, Rossano R, Ungaro N, Riccio P. Proteolytic and milk clotting activities in extracts obtained from the crustaceans Munida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Rossano R, Ungaro N, D'Ambrosio A, Liuzzi GM, Riccio P. Extracting and purifying R-phycoerythrin from Mediterranean red algae Corallina elongata Ellis & Solander. J Biotechnol 2003; 101:289-93. [PMID: 12615397 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) is a protein acting as a photosynthetic accessory pigment in red algae (Rodophyta). This protein has gained importance in many biotechnological applications in food science, immunodiagnostic, therapy, cosmetics, protein and cell labelling, and analytical processes. In this paper we report on a new, one step procedure for the extraction and purification of R-PE from a new source: the Mediterranean red algae Corallina elongata Ellis & Solander. This red algae contains mainly R-PE and is suitable for the production in culture. No other contaminating phycobiliproteins could be detected in the extracts. The method we propose for the purification is based on the use of hydroxyapatite, a chromatographic resin that can be produced in the laboratory at very low cost and can be used batch-wise with large amounts of extracts, alternative to chromatography, and therefore can be scaled up. Both the yield and the purity of R-PE are very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rossano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, University of Basilicata, Campus Macchia Romana, I-85000 Potenza, Italy
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Nuzzo S, Meneghini C, Mobilioo S, Haas H, Riccio P, Fasano A, Cavatorta P, Morante S. An x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the zinc environment in Langmuir-Blodgett phospholipid multilayers. Biophys J 2002; 83:3507-12. [PMID: 12496117 PMCID: PMC1302425 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate the Zn environment in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers. The multilayers were taken as a model of the multilamellar structure of the myelin sheath, the membrane surrounding the nerve axon, which plays a crucial role for signal transduction along the axon. The layers were assembled from the phospholipid dilauroylphosphatidic acid, both in the presence and in the absence of myelin basic protein. The analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure and of the near edge regions of the x-ray absorption spectra at the Zn K-edge provided an accurate description of the local structure showing that the Zn ions are bound to the heads of the phospholipid molecules. The myelin basic protein induces a distortion on the Zn local environment due to a steric constraint but does not substitute the phosphate headgroups. These findings represent an important step in understanding the interplay among myelin basic protein, Zn, and the lipids of the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuzzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Napoli, Naples, Italy
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Liuzzi GM, Trojano M, Fanelli M, Avolio C, Fasano A, Livrea P, Riccio P. Intrathecal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with multiple sclerosis: implication for pathogenesis. Mult Scler 2002; 8:222-8. [PMID: 12120694 DOI: 10.1191/1352458502ms800oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with neurological diseases. Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) had serum and CSF MMP-9 levels comparable to those from patients with inflammatory neurological diseases (INDs), but higher than patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NINDs) and healthy donors (HDs). MMP-9 increased in active RR-MS in comparison with inactive RR-MS implying that MMP-9 in MS is related with clinical disease activity. A correlation between the CSF/serum albumin (Q(AIb)) and CSF/serum MMP-9 (Q(MMP-9)) was observed in IND and NIND but not in RR-MS patients, indicating that CSF MMP-9 levels in NIND and IND patents could be influenced by serum MMP-9 and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability properties. MS patients had higher values of Q(MMP-9):Q(Alb)(MMP-9 index) than IND and NIND patients suggesting that in MS the increase in CSF MMP-9 could be due to intrathecal synthesis of MMP-9. A significant inverse correlation was found between MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 in RR-MS indicating that in MS patients both the increase in MMP-9 and the decrease in TIMP-1 serum levels could contribute to BBB disruption and T-lymphocyte entry into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Liuzzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Italy.
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Cavaletti G, Celon S, Marmiroli P, Matà S, Fasano A, Lolli F, Riccio P, Tredici G. LIPID‐FREE VS. LIPID‐BOUND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC NEURITIS IN THE LEWIS RAT. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2000.00513-14.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Cavaletti
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan “Bicocca”, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza (MI)
| | - S. Celon
- Institute of Human Anatomy, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate (MI)
| | - P. Marmiroli
- Institute of Human Anatomy, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate (MI)
| | - S. Matà
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence
| | - A. Fasano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari
| | - F. Lolli
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence
| | - P. Riccio
- Department of Biology, DBAF, University of Basilicata, Potenza
| | - G. Tredici
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Milan “Bicocca,” Monza (MI)
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Cavaletti G, Perseghin P, Buscemi F, Dassi M, Oggioni N, Sala F, Lolli F, Liuzzi GM, Riccio P, Frattola L, Tredici G. Immunomodulating effects of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Int J Tissue React 2001; 23:21-31. [PMID: 11392060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established model of human multiple sclerosis that is commonly used to evaluate the possible effectiveness of new treatments in this disease. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is an immunomodulating procedure currently used in several non-neurological diseases that, like multiple sclerosis, are likely to be due to T-cell-mediated autoimmunity. In this study we examined the effect of ECP using the EAE paradigm in the Lewis rat. In our model, ECP induced a significant modulation in peripheral blood T-cell distribution, changes which are typical of EAE. Remarkably, this effect was closely correlated with the clinical and pathological results, which showed reduced severity of the disease in the ECP-treated EAE animals vs. the EAE alone rats. We conclude that ECP induces modifications in the immunological events that occur during the course of EAE in rats, thus giving support to the hypothesis that it could be used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Female
- Lymphocyte Count
- Methoxsalen/therapeutic use
- Photopheresis/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Neurologic Unit, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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40
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Ristori G, Montesperelli C, Fiorillo MT, Battistini L, Chersi A, Sorrentino R, Borsellino G, Perna A, Tramonti D, Cannoni S, Perrone MP, Giubilei F, Riccio P, Salvetti M, Buttinelli C. T cell response to N-formylated peptides in humans. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:2762-70. [PMID: 11536175 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200109)31:9<2762::aid-immu2762>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence of a T lymphocyte response to N-formylated peptides in humans. N-formylated peptide sequences from self (mitochondrial) and foreign (microbial) antigens were used to isolate antigen-specific T cell clones from healthy individuals, including a set of monozygotic twins. The observed response differed from that previously described in mouse (CD4(+) phenotype and MHC class II restriction in humans vs. CD8(+) phenotype and class I restriction in mice). These lymphocytes produce substantial amounts of IFN-gamma. They were isolated in only one of the monozygotic twins, which suggests that their expansion in the healthy immune repertoire is independent of the genetic background. Our result will help in assessing the relevance of N-formylated peptide-specific T cells in protection against infections within the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Cavaletti G, Perseghin P, Dassi M, Oggioni N, Sala F, Lolli F, Riccio P, Tredici G, Frattola L. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy reduces the incidence of relapses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in DA rats. J Neurol 2001; 248:535-6. [PMID: 11499650 DOI: 10.1007/s004150170169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Rossano R, D'Elia A, Riccio P. One-step separation from lactose: recovery and purification of major cheese-whey proteins by hydroxyapatite--a flexible procedure suitable for small- and medium-scale preparations. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 21:165-9. [PMID: 11162402 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of cheese-whey proteins and lactose represents an important task both in environmental and in food sciences. Optimization of whey processing requires the quantitative separation of whey proteins from lactose, lower costs, harmless environmental impact, flexibility in protein recovery, and adaptability of the process to type and amount of available whey. Here we present a method based on the use of self-made, low-price, and nontoxic hydroxyapatite for one-step separation of lactose (non adsorbed) from bovine whey proteins (adsorbed). Recovery of proteins can be performed with high flexibility. Total protein fraction can be eluted with 0.4 M phosphate at pH 7.0. In alternative, proteins can be recovered in pairs with 0.4 M phosphate but at different pH's. About 56% of the proteins, primarily alpha-lactalbulmin and IgG, were eluted at pH 5.0. The other major proteins, beta-lactoglobulin and BSA, were eluted at pH 6.0. Fractions eluted with the two first eluants at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0 were applied to a Superdex 75 column for final purification by gel filtration. This method provides flexibility in whey protein recovery and quantitative separation of proteins from lactose before ultrafiltration and nanofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rossano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, University of Basilicata, P85100 Potenza, Italy
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Lanteri N, Rolandi R, Cavatorta P, Polverini E, Riccio P, Gliozzi A. Myelin basic protein–lipid complex: an atomic force microscopy study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(00)00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Cavaletti G, Matà S, Fasano A, Lolli F, Riccio P, Celon S, Marmiroli P, Tredici G. Lipid-free versus lipid-bound P2 protein-induced experimental allergic neuritis: clinicopathological, neurophysiological, and immunological study. J Neurosci Res 2000; 62:709-16. [PMID: 11104509 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4547(20001201)62:5<709::aid-jnr10>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The P2 protein of the peripheral nervous system myelin is a neuritogenic protein capable of inducing experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat. It has been suggested that the addition of some lipids to the protein isolated in the lipid-free form might enhance its immunogenicity. In this study, we compared lipid-free P2 (the EAN factor) and the corresponding lipid-bound form of the protein regarding their ability to induce EAN. Lipid-bound P2, copurified with all the myelin lipids, shows a conformation different from that of LF-P2. The timing of disease and the clinical scores of lipid-bound P2-induced EAN animals (n = 23) did not differ statistically from those injected with lipid-free P2 (n = 23), with only a tendency to higher clinical severity in the former group. Tail nerve conduction velocities did not differ in the two groups and in both were significantly lower in comparison to Freund adjuvant controls (n = 8). Inflammation and demyelination predominated in the spinal roots and were less evident in the sciatic nerve for both groups of animals. The ELISA determination of antibodies to lipid-free and lipid-bound P2 revealed the development of antibodies recognizing the lipid-free form of the protein in both groups of animals. Our results stand in contrast to results of previous studies performed after addition of exogenous lipids to the P2 purified in the lipid-free form and indicate that lipid-bound P2 is not significantly more immunogenic than lipid-depleted P2.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies/blood
- Cattle
- Lipids/chemistry
- Myelin P2 Protein/chemistry
- Myelin P2 Protein/immunology
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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Chignola R, Cestari T, Guerriero C, Riviera AP, Ferrari S, Brendolan A, Gobbo M, Amato S, Sartoris S, Fracasso G, Liuzzi MG, Riccio P, Tridente G, Andrighetto G. Expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) epitopes in human non-neural cells revealed by two anti-MBP IgM monoclonal antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:429-36. [PMID: 11122251 PMCID: PMC1905799 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies (1H6.2 and 45.30) were raised against MBP purified from human brain under experimental conditions that allowed MBP to retain binding to surrounding myelin lipids (human lipid-bound MBP (hLB-MBP)). 1H6.2 and 45.30 MoAbs were selected on the basis of their different binding properties to: hLB-MBP, human lipid-free-MBP (hLF-MBP) and bovine lipid-free-MBP (bLF-MBP). Although the isotype of both MoAbs was IgM, their specificity, as tested in ELISA assays against chemical haptens and unrelated protein antigens, was restricted to MBP. 1H6.2 and 45.30 MoAbs stained MBP from human brain white matter tissue extracts, as well as bLF-MBP, in Western blot assays. Both MoAbs stained oligodendrocytes and myelin in immunohistochemical analysis of white matter from human brain. Tissue sections from human peripheral nerves were labelled by 1H6.2 only, however, demonstrating that the MoAbs recognize two different epitopes. Epitopes recognized by 1H6.2 and 45.30 MoAbs were also expressed by a wide array of human non-neural cells of either normal or pathological origin, as evidenced by cytofluorimetric assays. In particular, MBP epitopes (MEs) were expressed by lymphoid cells as well as by cells which play a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and in the immune response, such as thymic epithelial cells and professional antigen-presenting cells. Both MoAbs were efficiently internalized by cells from a human B cell line, suggesting trafficking of MEs along the endocytic pathways. These findings support hypotheses regarding the role of MEs expressed by non-neural cells in establishing self-tolerance and/or in triggering the immune response against MBP antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chignola
- Department of Pathology and Neurology Section, University of Verona, , Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE MS-2 fibrosarcoma implanted in BALB-CDF1 mice was investigated by frequency and time domain measurements of the autofluorescence (AF) radiation emitted upon excitation by a N(2) laser beam (337.1 nm). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS AF spectra were obtained by using a spectrograph, a multichannel plate and an optical multichannel analyzer for the steady state detection. Time-resolved spectra were performed by means of a monochromator, a photomultiplier, and a digital signal analyzer. RESULTS Spectral measurements show that the autofluorescence intensity of pathologic tissue is lower than that of healthy one in the 400- to 500- spectral region. In the same spectral range, we found the fluorescence decay to be the sum of a fast and a slow component. The lifetime of the fast component of tumoral tissue is significantly lower than that of healthy samples. CONCLUSION Frequency and time domain measurements used in combination show that MS2-fibrosarcoma is characterized by the probable presence of the free form of NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colasanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia--Unità di Napoli, Italy.
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47
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Ristori G, Montesperelli C, Perna A, Cannoni S, Battistini L, Borsellino G, Riccio P, Pesole G, Chersi A, Pozzilli C, Buttinelli C, Salvetti M. Global immune disregulation in multiple sclerosis: from the adaptive response to the innate immunity. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 107:216-9. [PMID: 10854659 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences show a global immune disregulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The possible involvement of myelin and non-myelin (auto-)antigens in the autoaggressive process as well as the disregulation of both adaptive and innate immunity challenge the concept of specific immunotherapy. T cells at the boundary between innate and adaptive immunity, whose immunoregulatory role is becoming increasingly clear, have recently been shown to bear relevance for MS pathogenesis. Global immune interventions (and type I interferons may be considered as such) aimed at interfering with both innate and acquired immune responses seem to be a most promising therapeutic option in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ristori
- First Chair of Neurology, Dept. Neurosciences, Università "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Liuzzi GM, Mastroianni CM, Santacroce MP, Fanelli M, D'Agostino C, Vullo V, Riccio P. Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated neurological diseases. J Neurovirol 2000; 6:156-63. [PMID: 10822329 DOI: 10.3109/13550280009013159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been identified as mediators of brain injury in HIV-associated neurological diseases. The activity of the 72 kDa gelatinase A (MMP-2) and 92 kDa gelatinase B (MMP-9) was detected by zymography in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 138 HIV-infected patients (40 with AIDS dementia, 83 with brain opportunistic infections and 15 neurologically asymptomatic), 26 HIV-seronegative individuals with inflammatory neurological diseases (IND) and 12 HIV-seronegative subjects with noninflammatory neurological diseases (NIND). MMP-2 was present in all CSF samples from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals, including those of subjects with NIND. On the contrary, MMP-9 was absent in the CSF of NIND controls, whereas the activity of this MMP was found in the 77 - 100% of CSF samples from HIV-infected patients, including those with HIV dementia, central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections or neurologically asymptomatic subjects. The highest levels of MMP-9 were found in the CSF of patients with cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus encephalitis and tuberculous meningitis and were comparable with those found in the CSF of HIV-negative patients with multiple sclerosis or meningitis. A significant correlation between CSF MMP-9 activity and CSF cell count was found only in patients with HIV dementia. The increased CSF activity of MMPs capable to degrade components of the extracellular matrix of blood-brain barrier may contribute to the transendothelial migration of virus-infected cells into the CNS and development of HIV-associated neurologic damage.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Dementia Complex/cerebrospinal fluid
- AIDS Dementia Complex/enzymology
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/cerebrospinal fluid
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/enzymology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Blood-Brain Barrier
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- Cell Count
- Cell Movement
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/analysis
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/cerebrospinal fluid
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/enzymology
- Disease Progression
- Encephalitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- Encephalitis, Viral/enzymology
- Female
- HIV Infections/cerebrospinal fluid
- HIV Infections/enzymology
- HIV Seronegativity
- HIV-1
- Humans
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/cerebrospinal fluid
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/cerebrospinal fluid
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Meningitis, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid
- Meningitis, Bacterial/enzymology
- Meningitis, Cryptococcal/cerebrospinal fluid
- Meningitis, Cryptococcal/enzymology
- Middle Aged
- Motor Neuron Disease/cerebrospinal fluid
- Motor Neuron Disease/enzymology
- Multiple Sclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid
- Multiple Sclerosis/enzymology
- Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid
- Nervous System Diseases/enzymology
- Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/cerebrospinal fluid
- Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/enzymology
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/cerebrospinal fluid
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Liuzzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Ristori G, Salvetti M, Pesole G, Attimonelli M, Buttinelli C, Martin R, Riccio P. Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens. FASEB J 2000; 14:431-8. [PMID: 10698957 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.14.3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether and how molecular mimicry affects the shaping of the helper T cell repertoire. We implemented an algorithm that measures the probability of mimicry between epitopes of known immunogenicity and self or nonself proteomes. This algorithm yields 'similarity profiles', which represent the probability of matching between all contiguous overlapping peptides of the antigen under examination and those in the proteome(s) considered. Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry with self or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of its self/nonself nature. Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments. Mimicry, rather than complicating self-nonself discrimination, assists in the shaping of the immune repertoire and helps define the defensive or autoreactive potential of a T cell. Being a predictor of epitope immunogenicity, it bears relevance to vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ristori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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50
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Facci P, Cavatorta P, Cristofolini L, Fontana MP, Fasano A, Riccio P. Kinetic and structural study of the interaction of myelin basic protein with dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol layers. Biophys J 2000; 78:1413-9. [PMID: 10692326 PMCID: PMC1300739 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of myelin basic protein (MBP) with dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol films has been investigated by means of a microgravimetric gauge sensitive to the changes in load and structural modifications of the layer deposited onto its surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and x-ray diffraction have confirmed protein uptake by the lipid phase along with a global disordering effect onto the lipid alkyl chains and have shown a temporal evolution of the structure of water penetrating the lipid phase together with the protein. These effects are clearly related to the temporal variation of the microgravimetric gauge signal. Finally, measurements carried out on pre-annealed samples point out the role of mesoscopic morphology in determining the pathways through which MBP penetrates the lipid multilayer. The results obtained in our model system could be useful in clarifying the mechanisms of the myelinating and demyelinating processes that take place in the natural membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Facci
- Dipartmento di Fisica e Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7a, 43100 Parma, Italy
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