99801
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O'Connor M, Ryan J, Foley S. Best single-slice location to measure visceral adipose tissue on paediatric CT scans and the relationship between anthropometric measurements, gender and VAT volume in children. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140711. [PMID: 26317895 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a significant risk factor for obesity-related metabolic diseases. This study investigates (1) the best single CT slice location for predicting total abdominal VAT volume in paediatrics and (2) the relationship between waist circumference (WC), sagittal diameter (SD), gender and VAT volume. METHODS A random sample of 130 paediatric abdomen CT scans, stratified according to age and gender, was collected. Three readers measured VAT area at each intervertebral level between T12 and S1 using ImageJ analysis (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) software by thresholding -190 to -30 HU and manually segmenting VAT. Single-slice VAT measurements were correlated with total VAT volume to identify the most representative slice. WC and SD were measured at L3-L4 and L4-L5 slices, respectively. Regression analysis was used to evaluate WC, SD and gender as VAT volume predictors. RESULTS Interviewer and intraviewer reliability were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). Although VAT measured at multiple slices correlated strongly with abdominal VAT, only one slice in females at L2-L3 and two slices in males at L1-L2 and L5-S1 were strongly correlated across all age groups. Linear regression analysis showed that WC was strongly correlated with VAT volume (beta = 0.970, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Single-slice VAT measurements are highly reproducible. Measurements performed at L2-L3 in females and L1-L2 or L5-S1 in males were most representative of VAT. WC is indicative of VAT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE VAT should be measured at L2-L3 in female children and at either L1-L2 or L5-S1 in males. WC is a strong indicator of VAT in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O'Connor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Ryan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Foley
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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99802
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Exogenous administration of DLK1 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and regulates gluconeogenesis via activation of AMPK. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:356-65. [PMID: 26315841 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Activation of Notch signaling pathologically enhances lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver causing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes. Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), an imprinted gene that can modulate adipogenesis and muscle development in mice, was found as an inhibitory regulator of Notch signaling. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic effect of exogenous DLK1 in vitro and in vivo. SUBJECTS/METHODS A soluble DLK1 peptide was generated with fusion between a human Fc fragment and extracellular domain of DLK1. Male db/db mice were randomly assigned to two groups: vehicle treated and DLK1-treated group (25 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal injection, twice a week for 4 weeks). Primary mice hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS After 4 weeks of DLK1 administration, hepatic triglyceride content and lipid droplets in liver tissues, as well as serum levels of liver enzymes, were markedly decreased in db/db mice. DLK1 treatment induced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and suppressed nuclear expression of SREBP-1c in the mouse liver or hepatocytes, indicating regulation of fatty acid oxidation and synthesis pathways. Furthermore, DLK1-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of fasting and random glucose, with improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared with the vehicle-treated group. Macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the epididymal fat were decreased in DLK1-treated db/db mice. Moreover, DLK1 suppressed glucose production from hepatocytes, which was blocked after co-administration of an AMPK inhibitor, compound C. DLK1-treated hepatocytes and mouse liver tissues showed lower PEPCK and G6Pase expression. DLK1 triggered AKT phosphorylation followed by cytosolic translocation of FOXO1 from the nucleus in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that exogenous administration of DLK1 reduced hepatic steatosis and hyperglycemia via AMPK activation in the liver. This result suggests that DLK1 may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating NAFLD and diabetes.
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99803
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Xiang H, Chen H, Li F, Liu J, Su Y, Hao L, Wang F, Wang Z, Zeng Q. Predictive factors for prolonged remission after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1638-45. [PMID: 26318272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) followed by immunoablation is a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment due to the immunosuppression and immunomodulation mechanisms. Indeed, a considerable number of patients have been able to discontinue insulin use with this treatment. However, nonresponse and relapse occur after auto-HSCT. It is important to select the patients who can potentially benefit from this treatment, but the factors that might influence the therapeutic outcome are unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the predictors for prolonged remission after auto-HSCT therapy. METHODS The data for this study were extracted from an open-label prospective study, which was performed to treat new-onset T1DM patients with auto-HSCT. The 128 patients were categorized into insulin-free (IF) or insulin-dependent (ID) groups according to their response to treatment during the follow-up. We compared the baseline data of the two groups and explored possible prognostic factors and their odd ratios (ORs) with univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were performed to test the model discrimination function. RESULTS During a follow-up of 28.5 ± 8.3 months, 71 of 128 patients in the IF group discontinued insulin use, whereas 57 of 128 patients in the ID group did not decrease their insulin dose or resumed insulin treatment after a transient remission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prolonged remission was positively correlated with fasting C-peptide level (OR = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-5.85) but negatively correlated with onset age (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.88) and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.73). ROC analysis confirmed the combined predictive function of these three variables (AUC = 0.739, 95% CI: 0.655-0.824). CONCLUSIONS Age and fasting C-peptide and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were identified as possible predictors for prolonged remission following auto-HSCT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiang
- Health Management Institute of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics, Geriatrics Institute of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Health Management Institute of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics, Geriatrics Institute of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehan Su
- Department of Biotherapy of PLA 455 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Hao
- Medical Administration Office, Surgical Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Health Management Institute of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Biotherapy of PLA 455 Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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99804
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The inhibitory effects of AR/miR-190a/YB-1 negative feedback loop on prostate cancer and underlying mechanism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13528. [PMID: 26314494 PMCID: PMC4551971 DOI: 10.1038/srep13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer at advanced stages including metastatic and castration-resistant cancer remains incurable due to the lack of effective therapies. MiR-190a belongs to the small noncoding RNA family and has an important role in breast cancer metastasis. However, it is still unknown whether miR-190a plays a role in prostate cancer development. Herein, we first observed AR/miR-190a/YB-1 forms an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop in prostate cancer: miR-190a expression was down-regulated by AR activation; YB-1 functions are as an AR activator; miR-190a inhibited AR expression and transactivation through direct binding to 3′UTR of YB-1 gene. MiR-190a contributes the human prostate cancer cell growth through AR-dependent signaling. Moreover, we examined the expression of miR-190a and observed a significant decrease in human prostate cancers. Reduced expression of miR-190a was inversely correlated to AR levels of prostate cancer patients, and patients with higher miR-190a expression in their tumor have improved tumor-free survival. Taken together, our findings identified a biochemical and functional link between miR-190a with reduced expression in advanced prostate cancer, YB-1 and AR signaling in prostate cancer.
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99805
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Toxicology: a discipline in need of academic anchoring--the point of view of the German Society of Toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1881-93. [PMID: 26314262 PMCID: PMC4572062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the importance of toxicology as a discipline, its past achievements, current scientific challenges, and future development. Toxicological expertise is instrumental in the reduction of human health risks arising from chemicals and drugs. Toxicological assessment is needed to evaluate evidence and arguments, whether or not there is a scientific base for concern. The immense success already achieved by toxicological work is exemplified by reduced pollution of air, soil, water, and safer working places. Predominantly predictive toxicological testing is derived from the findings to assess risks to humans and the environment. Assessment of the adversity of molecular effects (including epigenetic effects), the effects of mixtures, and integration of exposure and biokinetics into in vitro testing are emerging challenges for toxicology. Toxicology is a translational science with its base in fundamental science. Academic institutions play an essential part by providing scientific innovation and education of young scientists.
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99806
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The role of toll-like and protease-activated receptors in the expression of cytokines by gingival fibroblasts stimulated with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cytokine 2015; 76:424-432. [PMID: 26318255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.08.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontitis-associated pathogen and interactions between the bacterium and gingival fibroblasts play an important role in development and progression of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease leading to degeneration of tooth-supporting structures. Gingival fibroblasts, which expresses protease activated receptors (PARs) as well as toll-like receptors (TLRs), produces inflammatory mediators upon bacterial challenges. In this study, we elucidated the importance of PAR1, PAR2, TLR2 and TLR4 for the expression and secretion of CXCL8, interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and secretory leukocyte inhibitor (SLPI). Human gingival fibroblasts were transfected with small-interfering RNA against the target genes, and then stimulated with P. gingivalis wild-type W50 and W50-derived double rgp mutant E8 and kgp mutant K1A. TLR2-silencing reduced P. gingivalis-induced CXCL8 and IL-6. IL-6 was also reduced after PAR1-silencing. No effects were observed for TGF-β1. SLPI was suppressed by P. gingivalis and silencing of PAR1 as well as TLR2, gave additional suppression at the mRNA level. TLR4 was not involved in the regulation of the investigated mediators. CXCL8 and IL-6 are important for progression and development of periodontitis, leading to a chronic inflammation that may contribute to the tissue destruction that follows an exacerbated host response. Therefore, regulating the expression of TLR2 and subsequent release of CXCL8 and IL-6 in periodontitis could attenuate the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis.
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99807
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Sung SH, Lee M. Anti-adipogenic activity of a new cyclic diarylheptanoid isolated from Alnus japonica on 3T3-L1 cells via modulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP1c signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4648-51. [PMID: 26341132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Total methanolic extract of Alnus japonica fruits exhibited significant anti-adipogenic activities in 3T3-L1 cells. A new cyclic diarylheptanoid (1) along with ten known compounds (2-11) were isolated by activity-guided fractionation. Compound 1, determined to be 4-hydroxy-alnus-3,5-dione, showed the most potent anti-adipogenic effect. Compound 1 significantly down-regulated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1c) in 3T3-L1 cells, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, compound 1 suppressed mRNA expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ during the early stage of adipogenesis as well as stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), target genes of SREBP1c. Upon investigating the mechanism of natural products, we propose that cyclic diarylheptanoid (1), the most potent constituent of A. japonica, can be a potent therapeutic agent against obesity through anti-adipogenesis via down-regulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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99808
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Sharma S, Singh H, Ahmad N, Mishra P, Tiwari A. The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 59:391-9. [PMID: 26331226 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin referred as the hormone of darkness is mainly secreted by pineal gland, its levels being elevated during night and low during the day. The effects of melatonin on insulin secretion are mediated through the melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2). It decreases insulin secretion by inhibiting cAMP and cGMP pathways but activates the phospholipaseC/IP3 pathway, which mobilizes Ca2+from organelles and, consequently increases insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro, insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in a circadian manner, is due to the melatonin action on the melatonin receptors inducing a phase shift in the cells. Melatonin may be involved in the genesis of diabetes as a reduction in melatonin levels and a functional interrelationship between melatonin and insulin was observed in diabetic patients. Evidences from experimental studies proved that melatonin induces production of insulin growth factor and promotes insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. The disturbance of internal circadian system induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which could be restored by melatonin supplementation. Therefore, the presence of melatonin receptors on human pancreatic islets may have an impact on pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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99809
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Intestinal GLP-1 and satiation: from man to rodents and back. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:198-205. [PMID: 26315842 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to luminal food stimuli during meals, enteroendocrine cells release gastrointestinal (GI) peptides that have long been known to control secretory and motor functions of the gut, pancreas and liver. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has emerged as one of the most important GI peptides because of a combination of functions not previously ascribed to any other molecule. GLP-1 potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying and may serve as a satiation signal, although the physiological status of the latter function has not been fully established yet. Here we review the available evidence for intestinal GLP-1 to fulfill a number of established empirical criteria for assessing whether a hormone inhibits eating by eliciting physiological satiation in man and rodents.
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99810
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Programming after Recurrent Hypoglycemia during Development. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1729-40. [PMID: 26343738 PMCID: PMC4600155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent brain injury is a complication of recurrent hypoglycemia during development. Recurrent hypoglycemia also has adverse consequences on the neuroendocrine system. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, characterized by ineffective glucose counterregulation during hypoglycemia, is well described in children and adults on insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus. Whether recurrent hypoglycemia also has a programming effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis has not been well studied. Hypoglycemia is a potent stress that leads to increased glucocorticoid secretion in all age groups, including the perinatal period. Other conditions associated with exposure to excess glucocorticoid in the perinatal period have a programming effect on the HPA axis activity. Limited animal data suggest the possibility of similar programming effect after recurrent hypoglycemia in the postnatal period. The age at exposure to hypoglycemia likely determines the HPA axis response in adulthood. Recurrent hypoglycemia in the early postnatal period likely leads to a hyperresponsive HPA axis, whereas recurrent hypoglycemia in the late postnatal period lead to a hyporesponsive HPA axis in adulthood. The age-specific programming effects may determine the neuroendocrine response during hypoglycemia and other stressful events in individuals with history of recurrent hypoglycemia during development.
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99811
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Rawłuszko-Wieczorek AA, Horst N, Horbacka K, Bandura AS, Świderska M, Krokowicz P, Jagodziński PP. Effect of DNA methylation profile on OATP3A1 and OATP4A1 transcript levels in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:233-42. [PMID: 26349991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that 17β-estradiol (E2) prevents colorectal cancer (CRC). Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are involved in the cellular uptake of various endogenous and exogenous substrates, including hormone conjugates. Because transfer of estrone sulfate (E1-S) can contribute to intra-tissue conversion of estrone to the biologically active form -E2, it is evident that the expression patterns of OATPs may be relevant to the analysis of CRC incidence and therapy. We therefore evaluated DNA methylation and transcript levels of two members of the OATP family, OATP3A1 and OATP4A1, that may be involved in E1-S transport in colorectal cancer patients. We detected a significant reduction in OATP3A1 and a significant increase in OATP4A1 mRNA levels in cancerous tissue, compared with histopathologically unchanged tissue (n=103). Moreover, we observed DNA hypermethylation in the OATP3A1 promoter region in a small subset of CRC patients and in HCT116 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell lines. We also observed increased OATP3A1 transcript following treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and sodium butyrate. The OATP4A1 promoter region was hypomethylated in analyzed tissues and CRC cell lines and was not affected by these treatments. Our results suggest a potential mechanism for OATP3A1 downregulation that involves DNA methylation during colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikodem Horst
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Karolina Horbacka
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Artur Szymon Bandura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Monika Świderska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Piotr Krokowicz
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
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99812
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Sun X, Wu X, Zhou Y, Yu X, Zhang W. Evaluation of Apelin and Insulin Resistance in Patients with PCOS and Therapeutic Effect of Drospirenone-Ethinylestradiol Plus Metformin. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2547-52. [PMID: 26314870 PMCID: PMC4556163 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of apelin and insulin resistance (IR) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to assess the possible therapeutic effect of the combined therapy of drospirenone-ethinylestradiol (DRSP-EE) combined with metformin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-three PCOS patients and 40 non-PCOS infertile patients were recruited. The fasting serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), glucose (FBG), insulin (FINS), and apelin at the early follicular phase were measured. To further investigate the relation between apelin and IR, we treated the PCOS patients with DRSP-EE (1 tablet daily, 21 d/month) plus metformin (500 mg tid) for 3 months. All of the above indices were measured again after treatment. RESULTS 1) Levels of apelin, LH, LH/FSH, T, and FINS, as well as homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in PCOS patients, were significantly higher than in the control group before treatment. 2) These indices significantly decreased after treatment with DRSP-EE plus metformin. 3) Correlation analysis showed that apelin level was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), FINS level, and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Apelin level significantly increased in PCOS patients. The combined therapy of DRSP-EE plus metformin not only decreases IR, but also improves apelin level. This combination is a superior approach for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xingguo Wu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
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99813
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Oguz A, Tuzun D, Ozdemir E, Ersoy R, Yazgan AK, Cakir B. Importance of ectopic thyroid tissue detected in the midline of the neck: single center experience. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 60:231-5. [PMID: 26331224 PMCID: PMC10522296 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) is a rare abnormality of the thyroid gland and the true prevalence and importance is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasonography (US) guided fine needle aspiration biposy (FNAB) results, sonographic features, and frequency of ETT detected in the midline of the neck. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Five thousand five hundred and twenty outpatients who were referred to our thyroid clinic between September 2010 and April 2012 and underwent thyroid US, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with ETT, detected in the midline of the neck in US were included in the study. Thyroid functions, sonographic features, and US guided FNAB results were evaluated. RESULTS There were 81 (81.8%) female and 18 (18.2%) male patients with a mean age of 50.9 ± 11.7. The ETT in the midline was present in 1.79% (99/5,520) of the patients. In the majority of the patients, benign sonographic features (isoechoic, regular margin, type 1 vascularization) were detected. There were 92 (92.9%) patients with a previous history of thyroidectomy and all were histopathologically benign. In 7 (7.1%) patients, there was no history of thyroid operation. FNAB results of ETT were benign. CONCLUSION This study evaluated the importance of ETT detected incidentally in the midline of the neck. Especially in patients with a history of thyroidectomy, the thyroid masses in the midline of the neck can be found as incidental with imaging methods. Our results suggests that the incidence of malignancy in this group is much lower than orthotopic thyroid nodules and they are often benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Oguz
- Ankara Atatürk Education and Research HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAnkaraTurkeyAnkara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Tuzun
- Ankara Atatürk Education and Research HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAnkaraTurkeyAnkara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozdemir
- Yıldırım Beyazıt UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear MedicineAnkaraTurkeyYıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Ersoy
- Yildirim Beyazit UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAnkaraTurkeyYildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Kilic Yazgan
- Yıldırım Beyazıt UniversityAnkara Atatürk Education and Research HospitalDepartment of PathologyAnkaraTurkeyYıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Cakir
- Yildirim Beyazit UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAnkaraTurkeyYildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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99814
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Munoz JL, Kessler AA, Felig P, Curtis J, Evans MI. Sequential Amniotic Fluid Thyroid Hormone Changes Correlate with Goiter Shrinkage following in utero Thyroxine Therapy. Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 39:222-7. [PMID: 26314950 DOI: 10.1159/000437367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several isolated reports of fetal goiter treatment have shown limited generalizability of approaches and provide no real guidance for optimal timing, dosages, and treatment strategies. Graves' disease accounts for >60% of these cases. Maternal treatments of hyperthyroidism include antithyroid medications such as methimazole and more commonly propylthiouracil (PTU). Here, our management of a patient with a fetal thyroid goiter from maternal exposure to PTU diagnosed at 23.6 weeks' gestation and the management of other cases allow us propose a general strategy for treatment. Intrauterine therapy with 200 and then 400 μg of levothyroxine (3 weeks apart) showed an 85% reduction in fetal thyroid goiter volume. We collected amniotic fluid samples at the time of treatments and assayed thyroid hormones and associated antibodies which closely reflected the changes in thyroid goiter mass volume. Our observations suggest a weekly or biweekly therapeutic intervention schedule. Utilizing both goiter size as well as a novel approach in using amniotic fluid hormone levels to monitor therapy efficacy might improve the quality of treatments. Only with a standardized approach and collection of amniotic fluid thyroid panels do we have the opportunity to develop the database required to determine the number and timing of treatments needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessian L Munoz
- Fetal Medicine Foundation of America and Comprehensive Genetics, PLLC, New York, N.Y., USA
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99815
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Abstract
The humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin(®)) has been available in the EU since 2005. Results of phase III trials demonstrate that adding intravenous bevacizumab to antineoplastic agents improves progression-free survival and/or overall survival in patients with advanced cancer, including when used as first- or second-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer, as first-line therapy in advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer, as first-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer, and as first-line therapy in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer or in recurrent, platinum-sensitive or platinum-resistant disease. Results of these studies are supported by the findings of routine oncology practice studies conducted in real-world settings. The tolerability profile of bevacizumab is well defined and adverse events associated with its use (e.g. hypertension, proteinuria, haemorrhage, wound healing complications, arterial thromboembolism, gastrointestinal perforation) are generally manageable. In conclusion, bevacizumab remains an important option for use in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Keating
- Springer, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, 0754, Auckland, New Zealand.
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99816
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Yadav
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute (P.K.Y., G.A.B., J.K., I.C.G.) and Department of Anatomic Clinical Pathology and Hematopathology (J.M.), Pennsylvania State University/Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey.
| | - Giselle A Baquero
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute (P.K.Y., G.A.B., J.K., I.C.G.) and Department of Anatomic Clinical Pathology and Hematopathology (J.M.), Pennsylvania State University/Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey
| | - Jozef Malysz
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute (P.K.Y., G.A.B., J.K., I.C.G.) and Department of Anatomic Clinical Pathology and Hematopathology (J.M.), Pennsylvania State University/Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey
| | - John Kelleman
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute (P.K.Y., G.A.B., J.K., I.C.G.) and Department of Anatomic Clinical Pathology and Hematopathology (J.M.), Pennsylvania State University/Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey
| | - Ian C Gilchrist
- From the Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute (P.K.Y., G.A.B., J.K., I.C.G.) and Department of Anatomic Clinical Pathology and Hematopathology (J.M.), Pennsylvania State University/Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey
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99817
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Zwart SR, Gregory JF, Zeisel SH, Gibson CR, Mader TH, Kinchen JM, Ueland PM, Ploutz-Snyder R, Heer MA, Smith SM. Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes. FASEB J 2015; 30:141-8. [PMID: 26316272 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic changes have occurred in a subset of astronauts on International Space Station missions. Visual deterioration is considered the greatest human health risk of spaceflight. Affected astronauts exhibit higher concentrations of 1-carbon metabolites (e.g., homocysteine) before flight. We hypothesized that genetic variations in 1-carbon metabolism genes contribute to susceptibility to ophthalmic changes in astronauts. We investigated 5 polymorphisms in the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) genes and their association with ophthalmic changes after flight in 49 astronauts. The number of G alleles of MTRR 66 and C alleles of SHMT1 1420 both contributed to the odds of visual disturbances. Preflight dehydroepiandrosterone was positively associated with cotton wool spots, and serum testosterone response during flight was associated with refractive change. Block regression showed that B-vitamin status and genetics were significant predictors of many of the ophthalmic outcomes that we observed. In one example, genetics trended toward improving (P = 0.10) and B-vitamin status significantly improved (P < 0.001) the predictive model for refractive change after flight. We document an association between MTRR 66 and SHMT1 1420 polymorphisms and spaceflight-induced vision changes. This line of research could lead to therapeutic options for both space travelers and terrestrial patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Zwart
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles R Gibson
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas H Mader
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Kinchen
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Per M Ueland
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Ploutz-Snyder
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Martina A Heer
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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99818
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The Stimulative Effect of Yangjing Capsule on Testosterone Synthesis through Nur77 Pathway in Leydig Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:408686. [PMID: 26413123 PMCID: PMC4564672 DOI: 10.1155/2015/408686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yangjing Capsule (YC), an innovative Chinese medicine based on traditional prescription, promotes testosterone synthesis by upregulating the expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Nur77 as a nuclear receptor is known to regulate the expression of many steroid synthetases. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms by which YC regulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to assess the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and Nur77 after treating MLTC-1 cells with YC. The luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect the activity of Nur77 gene promoter. Also, the expressions of steroid synthases were detected after Nur77 gene was knocked down. YC significantly stimulated Nur77 production and upregulated StAR and HSD3B expression, and this agrees with the activity of Nur77 gene promoter that was significantly enhanced by YC. Interestingly, knockdown of Nur77 blocked the above YC's effects and consequently inhibited testosterone synthesis in MLTC-1 cells. YC promotes StAR and HSD3B expression and upregulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, which is mediated by Nur77 pathway.
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99819
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Sousa ML, Figueiredo F, Pinheiro C, Silva A, Malhão F, Rocha MJ, Rocha E, Urbatzka R. Morphological and molecular effects of cortisol and ACTH on zebrafish stage I and II follicles. Reproduction 2015; 150:429-36. [PMID: 26316549 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) is controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive hormones. In addition, an interference of stress hormones is known with reproductive biology. In the presented work, we aimed to explore the hypothesis that cortisol (Cort) and ACTH may affect early oogenesis in zebrafish, given the presence of the specific receptors for glucocorticoids and ACTH in the zebrafish ovary. Follicles at stages I and II were exposed in vitro to 1 μM Cort and ACTH for 48 h, then ultrastructural and molecular effects were analyzed. The comet assay demonstrated increased tail moments for Cort and ACTH treatment indicative of DNA damage. The mRNA expression of apoptotic genes (bax, bcl-2) was not altered by both treatments, but Cort increased significantly the expression of the ACTH receptor (mc2r). Cort stimulated the presence of the endoplasmic reticulum, predominantly at stage II, while ACTH induced a strong vacuolization. Viability of oocytes was not affected by both treatments and fluorescent staining (monodansylcadaverine/acridine orange) indicated a reduced quantity of autophagosomes for ACTH, and lower presence of nucleic acids in ooplasm for Cort and ACTH. Concluding, different responses were observed for stress hormones on early stages of zebrafish oocytes, which suggest a role for both hormones in the stress-mediated adverse effects on female gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lígia Sousa
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Figueiredo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinheiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rocha
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental ResearchCIMAR Associated Laboratory, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUPorto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalISCS-N - Superior Institute of Health Sciences-NorthCESPU - Cooperative Higher Education, Polytechnic and University, Rua Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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99820
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Chandak N, Bhardwaj JK, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Kitanov G, Sharma RK, Sharma PK, Saso L. Effective attenuation of atrazine-induced histopathological changes in testicular tissue by antioxidant N-phenyl-4-aryl-polyhydroquinolines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:722-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.960864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitender K. Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India,
| | | | - Gerassim Kitanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, and
| | - Rajnesh K. Sharma
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India,
| | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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99821
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Dorfman D, Aranda ML, Rosenstein RE. Enriched Environment Protects the Optic Nerve from Early Diabetes-Induced Damage in Adult Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136637. [PMID: 26312758 PMCID: PMC4552300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of reduced visual acuity and acquired blindness. Axoglial alterations of the distal (close to the chiasm) optic nerve (ON) could be the first structural change of the visual pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. We analyzed the effect of environmental enrichment on axoglial alterations of the ON provoked by experimental diabetes. For this purpose, three days after vehicle or STZ injection, animals were housed in enriched environment (EE) or remained in a standard environment (SE) for 6 weeks. Anterograde transport, retinal morphology, optic nerve axons (toluidine blue staining and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy immunoreactivity), microglia/macrophages (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactivity), astrocyte reactivity (glial fibrillary acid protein-immunostaining), myelin (myelin basic protein immunoreactivity), ultrastructure, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in non-diabetic and diabetic animals housed in SE or EE. No differences in retinal morphology or retinal ganglion cell number were observed among groups. EE housing which did not affect the STZ-induced weight loss and hyperglycemia, prevented a decrease in the anterograde transport from the retina to the superior colliculus, ON axon number, and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy immunoreactivity. Moreover, EE housing prevented an increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity, and astrocyte reactivity, as well as ultrastructural myelin alterations in the ON distal portion at early stages of diabetes. In addition, EE housing avoided a decrease in BDNF levels induced by experimental diabetes. These results suggest that EE induced neuroprotection in the diabetic visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Dorfman
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos L. Aranda
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth E. Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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99822
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Lebedeva IY, Singina GN, Lopukhov AV, Shedova EN, Zinovieva NA. Prolactin and growth hormone affect metaphase-II chromosomes in aging oocytes via cumulus cells using similar signaling pathways. Front Genet 2015; 6:274. [PMID: 26379702 PMCID: PMC4550791 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
General senescence of the adult organism is closely connected with reproductive one. Meanwhile, the age-related reduction in the female fertility is primarily associated with a decline in the gamete quality. Molecular and cellular changes in oocytes of old mammalian females are very similar to those occurring during aging of matured ova of their young counterparts, suggesting similarities in underlying mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to study actions of two related pituitary hormones, prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), on age-associated modifications of metaphase-II (M-II) chromosomes in bovine oocytes using a model of the prolonged culture. We analyzed: (1) effects of PRL and GH on abnormal changes in the chromosome morphology in aging matured oocytes and the role of cumulus cells in these effects and (2) signaling pathways involved in the hormone actions. During the prolonged culture of oocytes, a gradual rise in the frequency of destructive modifications of M-II chromosomes was revealed. In the case of cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEOs), PRL and GH exerted dose-dependent biphasic effects on the frequency of these modifications. Both PRL (50 ng/ml) and GH (10 ng/ml) decelerated the abnormal chromosome changes in CEOs, but did not affect the chromosome configuration in denuded oocytes. Concurrently, the presence of PRL and GH receptors in cumulus cells surrounding matured oocytes was demonstrated. Attenuating effects of both hormones on the chromosome modifications in aging CEOs were abolished by PP2 (an inhibitor of Src-family tyrosine kinases), triciribine (an inhibitor of Akt kinase), and calphostin C (a protein kinase C inhibitor). Our findings indicate that PRL and GH can exert the similar decelerating action on age-associated alterations in the M-II chromosome morphology in bovine ova, which is mediated by cumulus cells and may be related to activation of Src-family tyrosine kinases as well as Akt- and protein kinase C-dependent signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Y Lebedeva
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, L.K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry , Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Galina N Singina
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, L.K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry , Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander V Lopukhov
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, L.K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry , Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Shedova
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, L.K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry , Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia A Zinovieva
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, L.K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry , Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russia
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99823
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Correa LL, Neto LV, Lima GAB, Gabrich R, Miranda LCDD, Gadelha MR. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and prostate cancer: correlation with Gleason score. Int Braz J Urol 2015; 41:110-5. [PMID: 25928516 PMCID: PMC4752063 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-androgenic growth factors are involved in the growth regulation of prostate cancer (PCa). Objective This is the first Brazilian study to correlate, in a population of patients operated for PCa, PSA, total testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with Gleason score and to compare with a control group with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study included 49 men with previously diagnosed PCa and 45 with previously diagnosed BPH. PSA, testosterone, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 were determined in both groups. Results PSA and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly higher in the PCa group as compared to the BPH group (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). There was a significant difference when we compared the PSA before surgery (p<0.001) and at the inclusion in the study (p<0.001) and IGFBP3 (0.016) among patients with Gleason <7, ≥7 and BPH. In the PCa group, PSA, testosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were comparable between Gleason <7 and ≥7. Conclusions Our data suggest that in localized PCa, the quantification of PSA and, not of IGF-1, may provide independent significant information in the aggressiveness. IGFBP-3 could be a biochemical marker of disease control in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Correa
- Endocrinology Service, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vieira Neto
- Endocrinology Service, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Endocrinology Service, Hospital Federal da Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Giovanna A Balarini Lima
- Endocrinology Service, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Endocrinology Service, University Hospital Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gabrich
- Urology Service, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos D de Miranda
- Urology Service, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monica R Gadelha
- Endocrinology Service, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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99824
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Smirnova NF, Fontaine C, Buscato M, Lupieri A, Vinel A, Valera MC, Guillaume M, Malet N, Foidart JM, Raymond-Letron I, Lenfant F, Gourdy P, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Laffargue M, Arnal JF. The Activation Function-1 of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Prevents Arterial Neointima Development Through a Direct Effect on Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ Res 2015; 117:770-8. [PMID: 26316608 PMCID: PMC4596486 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 17β-Estradiol (E2) exerts numerous beneficial effects in vascular disease. It regulates gene transcription through nuclear estrogen receptor α (ERα) via 2 activation functions, AF1 and AF2, and can also activate membrane ERα. The role of E2 on the endothelium relies on membrane ERα activation, but the molecular mechanisms of its action on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine which cellular target and which ERα subfunction are involved in the preventive action of E2 on neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS To trigger neointimal hyperplasia of VSMC, we used a mouse model of femoral arterial injury. Cre-Lox models were used to distinguish between the endothelial- and the VSMC-specific actions of E2. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of E2 were further characterized using both selective ERα agonists and transgenic mice in which the ERαAF1 function had been specifically invalidated. We found that (1) the selective inactivation of ERα in VSMC abrogates the neointimal hyperplasia protection induced by E2, whereas inactivation of endothelial and hematopoietic ERα has no effect; (2) the selective activation of membrane ERα does not prevent neointimal hyperplasia; and (3) ERαAF1 is necessary and sufficient to inhibit postinjury VSMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, ERαAF1-mediated nuclear action is both necessary and sufficient to inhibit postinjury arterial VSMC proliferation, whereas membrane ERα largely regulates the endothelial functions of E2. This highlights the exquisite cell/tissue-specific actions of the ERα subfunctions and helps to delineate the spectrum of action of selective ER modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Smirnova
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Mélissa Buscato
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Alexia Vinel
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Valera
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Nicole Malet
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Francoise Lenfant
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
| | - Jean-Francois Arnal
- From the Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (N.F.S., C.F., M.B., A.L., A.V., M.-C.V., M.G., N.M., F.L., P.G., M.L., J.-F.A.); Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Liège, Belgique (J.-M.F.); UMR INRA/DGER 1225, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology (B.S.K.) and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.A.K.)
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99825
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The interplay between metabolic homeostasis and neurodegeneration: insights into the neurometabolic nature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CELL REGENERATION 2015; 4:5. [PMID: 26322226 PMCID: PMC4551561 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the selective degeneration of upper motor neurons and lower spinal motor neurons, resulting in the progressive paralysis of all voluntary muscles. Approximately 10 % of ALS cases are linked to known genetic mutations, with the remaining 90 % of cases being sporadic. While the primary pathology in ALS is the selective death of upper and lower motor neurons, numerous studies indicate that an imbalance in whole body and/or cellular metabolism influences the rate of progression of disease. This review summarizes current research surrounding the impact of impaired metabolic physiology in ALS. We extend ideas to consider prospects that lie ahead in terms of how metabolic alterations may impact the selective degeneration of neurons in ALS and how targeting of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels may represent a promising approach for obtaining neuroprotection in ALS.
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99826
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Hutzen B, Raffel C, Studebaker AW. Advances in the design and development of oncolytic measles viruses. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:109-18. [PMID: 27512675 PMCID: PMC4918395 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful oncolytic virus is one that selectively propagates and destroys cancerous tissue without causing excessive damage to the normal surrounding tissue. Oncolytic measles virus (MV) is one such virus that exhibits this characteristic and thus has rapidly emerged as a potentially useful anticancer modality. Derivatives of the Edmonston MV vaccine strain possess a remarkable safety record in humans. Promising results in preclinical animal models and evidence of biological activity in early phase trials contribute to the enthusiasm. Genetic modifications have enabled MV to evolve from a vaccine agent to a potential anticancer therapy. Specifically, alterations of the MV genome have led to improved tumor selectivity and delivery, therapeutic potency, and immune system modulation. In this article, we will review the advancements that have been made in the design and development of MV that have led to its use as a cancer therapy. In addition, we will discuss the evidence supporting its use, as well as the challenges associated with MV as a potential cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hutzen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Corey Raffel
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam W Studebaker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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99827
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Leyva-Leyva M, López-Díaz A, Barrera L, Camacho-Morales A, Hernandez-Aguilar F, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arriaga-Pizano L, Calderón-Pérez J, García-Álvarez J, Orozco-Hoyuela G, Piña-Barba C, Rojas-Martínez A, Romero-Díaz V, Lara-Arias J, Rivera-Bolaños N, López-Camarillo C, Moncada-Saucedo N, Galván-De los Santos A, Meza-Urzúa F, Villarreal-Gómez L, Fuentes-Mera L. Differential Expression of Adhesion-Related Proteins and MAPK Pathways Lead to Suitable Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Subpopulations. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2577-90. [PMID: 26230358 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesion enables communication between cells and their environment. Adhesion can be achieved throughout focal adhesions and its components influence osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Because cell adhesion and osteoblast differentiation are closely related, this article aimed to analyze the expression profiles of adhesion-related proteins during osteoblastic differentiation of two hMSCs subpopulations (CD105(+) and CD105(-)) and propose a strategy for assembling bone grafts based on its adhesion ability. In vitro experiments of osteogenic differentiation in CD105(-) cells showed superior adhesion efficiency and 2-fold increase of α-actinin expression compared with CD105(+) cells at the maturation stage. Interestingly, levels of activated β1-integrin increased in CD105(-) cells during the process. Additionally, the CD105(-) subpopulation showed 3-fold increase of phosphorylated FAK(Y397) compared to CD105(+) cells. Results also indicate that ERK1/2 was activated during CD105(-) bone differentiation and participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38 in CD105(+) differentiation through a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-independent pathway. In vivo trial demonstrated that grafts containing CD105(-) showed osteocytes embedded in a mineralized matrix, promoted adequate graft integration, increased host vascular infiltration, and efficient intramembranous repairing. In contrast, grafts containing CD105(+) showed deficient endochondral ossification and fibrocartilaginous tissue. Based on the expression of α-actinin, FAKy,(397) and ERK1/2 activation, we define maturation stage as critical for bone graft assembling. By in vitro assays, CD105(-) subpopulation showed superior adhesion efficiency compared to CD105(+) cells. Considering in vitro and in vivo assays, this study suggests that integration of a scaffold with CD105(-) subpopulation at the maturation stage represents an attractive strategy for clinical use in orthopedic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Annia López-Díaz
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Lourdes Barrera
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas ," México City, México
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,4 Unidad de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Felipe Hernandez-Aguilar
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Erika M Carrillo-Casas
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- 5 Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI , IMSS, México City, México
| | - Jaime Calderón-Pérez
- 6 División de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Jorge García-Álvarez
- 7 Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , México City, México
| | - Gabriel Orozco-Hoyuela
- 8 Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , México City, México
| | - Cristina Piña-Barba
- 9 Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , México City, México
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martínez
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Víktor Romero-Díaz
- 11 Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina , UANL, Monterrey, México .,12 Unidad de Bioimágen, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Jorge Lara-Arias
- 13 Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular-Banco de Hueso y Tejidos, Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González ," Monterrey, México
| | - Nancy Rivera-Bolaños
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - César López-Camarillo
- 14 Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México , México City, México
| | - Nidia Moncada-Saucedo
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Alejandra Galván-De los Santos
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
| | - Fátima Meza-Urzúa
- 1 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González ," México City, México
| | - Luis Villarreal-Gómez
- 15 Centro de Ingeniería y Tecnología (CITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California , Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México .,10 Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) , Monterrey, México
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99828
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Burnik Papler T, Vrtacnik Bokal E, Maver A, Kopitar AN, Lovrečić L. Transcriptomic Analysis and Meta-Analysis of Human Granulosa and Cumulus Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136473. [PMID: 26313571 PMCID: PMC4552299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific gene expression in oocytes and its surrounding cumulus (CC) and granulosa (GC) cells is needed for successful folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. The aim of the present study was to compare genome-wide gene expression and biological functions of human GC and CC. Individual GC and CC were derived from 37 women undergoing IVF procedures. Gene expression analysis was performed using microarrays, followed by a meta-analysis. Results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. There were 6029 differentially expressed genes (q < 10−4); of which 650 genes had a log2 FC ≥ 2. After the meta-analysis there were 3156 genes differentially expressed. Among these there were genes that have previously not been reported in human somatic follicular cells, like prokineticin 2 (PROK2), higher expressed in GC, and pregnancy up-regulated nonubiquitous CaM kinase (PNCK), higher expressed in CC. Pathways like inflammatory response and angiogenesis were enriched in GC, whereas in CC, cell differentiation and multicellular organismal development were among enriched pathways. In conclusion, transcriptomes of GC and CC as well as biological functions, are distinctive for each cell subpopulation. By describing novel genes like PROK2 and PNCK, expressed in GC and CC, we upgraded the existing data on human follicular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Burnik Papler
- Department of Human Reproduction, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eda Vrtacnik Bokal
- Department of Human Reproduction, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Maver
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Slajmerjeva 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Natasa Kopitar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luca Lovrečić
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Slajmerjeva 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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99829
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Visser R, Bodnarova K, Arrabal PM, Cifuentes M, Becerra J. Combining bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and -6 has additive effects on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:178-85. [PMID: 26238281 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While only two members of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily (BMP-2 and -7) are approved to be used in combination with collagen type I in orthopaedic surgery, other BMPs are known to also be highly osteoinductive. Although all the osteogenic BMPs signal through Smad-1/-5/-8 phosphorylation, they show different preferences for the available BMP receptors. In this work we studied the effect of combining two osteogenic BMPs (-2 and -6), which belong to different groups within the subfamily and have different affinities to the existing BMP receptors. Both the growth and in vitro differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were studied, as well as in vivo ectopic bone formation when the BMPs were intramuscularly implanted in rats with collagen type I sponges as carriers. The results show that these two growth factors have additive effects on the osteoblastic differentiation of cells in vitro and that their combination might be helpful to accelerate in vivo osteogenesis while reducing the amount of each individual BMP used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Visser
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Kristina Bodnarova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pilar M Arrabal
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Becerra
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
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99830
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Ceafalan LC, Manole E, Tanase CP, Codrici E, Mihai S, Gonzalez A, Popescu BO. Interstitial Outburst of Angiogenic Factors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration After Acute Mechanical Trauma. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1864-79. [PMID: 26260512 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key event during tissue regeneration, but the intimate mechanisms controlling this process are still largely unclear. Therefore, the cellular and molecular interplay along normal tissue regeneration should be carefully unveiled. To this matter, we investigated by xMAP assay the dynamics of some angiogenic factors known to be involved in tissue repair, such as follistatin (FST), Placental Growth Factor-2 (PLGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), betacellulin (BTC), and amphiregulin (AREG) using an animal model that mimics acute muscle contusion injuries. In situ immunofluorescence was used for the evaluation and tissue distribution of their cellular sources. Tissue levels of explored factors increased significantly during degeneration and inflammatory stage of regeneration, peaking first week postinjury. However, except for PLGF-2 and EGF, their levels remained significantly elevated after the inflammatory process started to fade. Serum levels were significantly increased only after 24 h for AREG and EGF. Though, for all factors except FST, the levels in injured samples did not correlate with serum or contralateral tissue levels, excluding the systemic influence. We found significant correlations between the levels of EGF and AREG, BTC, FST and FST and AREG in injured samples. Interstitial cells expressing these factors were highlighted by in situ immunolabeling and their number correlated with measured levels dynamics. Our study provides evidence of a dynamic level variation along the regeneration process and a potential interplay between selected angiogenic factors. They are synthesized, at least partially, by cell populations residing in skeletal muscle interstitium during regeneration after acute muscle trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristina Ceafalan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Manole
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Pistol Tanase
- Biochemistry/Proteomics Department, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry/Proteomics Department, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Mihai
- Biochemistry/Proteomics Department, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aldebarani Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital-Colentina Research Center, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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99831
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Jones S, Boisvert A, Francois S, Zhang L, Culty M. In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces testicular effects in neonatal rats that are antagonized by genistein cotreatment. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:92. [PMID: 26316063 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs) is believed to predispose males to reproductive abnormalities. Although males are exposed to combinations of chemicals, few studies have evaluated the effects of ED mixtures at environmentally relevant doses. Our previous work showed that fetal exposure to a mixture of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) and the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced unique alterations in adult testis. In this follow-up study, we examined Postnatal Day 3 (PND3) and PND6 male offspring exposed from Gestational Day 14 to parturition to corn oil, 10mg/kg GEN, DEHP, or their combination, to gain insight into the early molecular events driving long-term alterations. DEHP stimulated the mRNA and protein expression of the steroidogenic enzyme HSD3B, uniquely at PND3. DEHP also increased the mRNA expression of Nestin, a Leydig progenitor/Sertoli cell marker, and markers of Sertoli cell (Wt1), gonocyte (Plzf, Foxo1), and proliferation (Pcna) at PND3, while these genes were unchanged by the mixture. Redox (Nqo1, Sod2, Sod3, Trx, Gst, Cat) and xenobiotic transporter (Abcb1b, Abcg2) gene expression was also increased by DEHP at PND3, while attenuated when combined with GEN, suggesting the involvement of cellular stress in short-term DEHP effects and a protective effect of GEN. The direct effects of GEN and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the principal bioactive metabolite of DEHP, on testis were investigated in PND3 organ cultures, showing a stimulatory effect of 10 μM mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on basal testosterone production that was normalized by GEN. These effects contrasted with previous reports of androgen suppression and decreased gene expression in perinatal rat testis by high DEHP doses, implying that neonatal effects are not predictive of adult effects. We propose that GEN, through an antioxidant action, normalizes reactive oxygen species-induced neonatal effects of DEHP. The notion that these EDs do not follow classical dose-response effects and involve different mechanisms of toxicity from perinatal ages to adulthood highlights the importance of assessing impacts across a range of doses and ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- Division of Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Boisvert
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sade Francois
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Martine Culty
- Division of Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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99832
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Stanojević S, Kovačević-Jovanović V, Dimitrijević M, Vujić V, Ćuruvija I, Blagojević V, Leposavić G. Unopposed Estrogen Supplementation/Progesterone Deficiency in Post-Reproductive Age Affects the Secretory Profile of Resident Macrophages in a Tissue-Specific Manner in the Rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:445-56. [PMID: 26307150 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The influence of unopposed estrogen replacement/isolated progesterone deficiency on macrophage production of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators in the post-reproductive age was studied. METHOD OF STUDY Considering that in the rats post-ovariectomy the circulating estradiol, but not progesterone level rises to the values in sham-operated controls, 20-month-old rats ovariectomized at the age of 10 months served as an experimental model. Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and arginine metabolism end-products were examined in splenic and peritoneal macrophages under basal conditions and following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. RESULTS Almost all peritoneal and a subset of splenic macrophages expressed the intracellular progesterone receptor. Ovariectomy diminished cytokine production by splenic (IL-1β) and peritoneal (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) macrophages and increased the production of IL-10 by splenic and TGF-β by peritoneal cells under basal conditions. Following LPS stimulation, splenic macrophages from ovariectomized rats produced less TNF-α and more IL-10, whereas peritoneal macrophages produced less IL-1β and TGF-β than the corresponding cells from sham-operated rats. Ovariectomy diminished urea production in both subpopulations of LPS-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION Although long-lasting isolated progesterone deficiency in the post-reproductive age differentially affects cytokine production in the macrophages from distinct tissue compartments, in both subpopulations, it impairs the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stanojević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kovačević-Jovanović
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vujić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ćuruvija
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Blagojević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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99833
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Mhillaj E, Morgese MG, Tucci P, Bove M, Schiavone S, Trabace L. Effects of anabolic-androgens on brain reward function. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:295. [PMID: 26379484 PMCID: PMC4549565 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are mainly prescribed to treat several diseases caused by testosterone deficiency. However, athletes try to promote muscle growth by manipulating testosterone levels or assuming androgen anabolic steroids (AAS). These substances were originally synthesized to obtain anabolic effects greater than testosterone. Although AAS are rarely prescribed compared to testosterone, their off-label utilization is very wide. Furthermore, combinations of different steroids and doses generally higher than those used in therapy are common. Symptoms of the chronic use of supra-therapeutic doses of AAS include anxiety, depression, aggression, paranoia, distractibility, confusion, amnesia. Interestingly, some studies have shown that AAS elicited electroencephalographic changes similar to those observed with amphetamine abuse. The frequency of side effects is higher among AAS abusers, with psychiatric complications such as labile mood, lack of impulse control and high violence. On the other hand, AAS addiction studies are complex because data collection is very difficult due to the subjects' reticence and can be biased by many variables, including physical exercise, that alter the reward system. Moreover, it has been reported that AAS may imbalance neurotransmitter systems involved in the reward process, leading to increased sensitivity toward opioid narcotics and central stimulants. The goal of this article is to review the literature on steroid abuse and changes to the reward system in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
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99834
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Role of mouse Wdr13 in placental growth; a genetic evidence for lifetime body weight determination by placenta during development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13371. [PMID: 26306915 PMCID: PMC4549788 DOI: 10.1038/srep13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental development is essential for implantation and growth of foetus in the uterus of eutherian mammals. Numerous growth factors are responsible for placental development and cell lineage differentiation. Gene knockout mice have shown role of various genes in the placenta. Here using Wdr13 knockout mice, we show that this gene is important for proper placental development. Wdr13, a X-linked gene, expresses in multiple trophoblast cell types of placenta and the mutant placenta had reduced size after 17.5 dpc due to reduction of junctional zone (JZ) and labyrinth zone (LZ). We observed reduction in levels of angiopoietin-2 and cd44 mRNA in Wdr13 mutant placenta as compared to that in the wild type. Our findings show that Wdr13 is required for normal placental development and cell differentiation. Wdr13 heterozygous female placenta when the mutant allele was of maternal origin showed similar defects as those in case of Wdr13 null placenta. Using two types of heterozygous females carrying either maternally and paternally derived mutant Wdr13 allele we provide genetic evidence that development of placenta determines body weight of mice for the entire life.
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99835
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Gowland RL. Entangled lives: Implications of the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis for bioarchaeology and the life course. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:530-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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99836
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Different Degrees of Iodine Deficiency Inhibit Differentiation of Cerebellar Granular Cells in Rat Offspring, via BMP-Smad1/5/8 Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4606-17. [PMID: 26307610 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID) during development results in dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) and affects psychomotor and motor function. It is worth noting that maternal mild and marginal ID tends to be the most common reason of preventable neurodevelopmental impairment, via a mechanism that has not been elucidated. Therefore, our aim was to study the effects of developmental mild and marginal ID on the differentiation of cerebellar granule cells (GCs) and investigate the activation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, which is crucial for the development and differentiation of cerebellum. Three developmental rat models were created by feeding dam rats with a diet deficient in iodine and deionized water supplemented with potassium iodide. Our results showed that different degrees of ID inhibited and delayed the differentiation of cerebellar GCs on postnatal day (PN) 7, PN14, and PN21. Moreover, mild and severe ID reduced the expression of BMP2 and p-Smad1/5/8, and increased the levels of Id2 on PN7, PN14, and PN21. However, marginal ID rarely altered expression of these proteins in the offspring. Our study supports the hypothesis that mild and severe ID during development inhibits the differentiation of cerebellar GCs, which may be ascribed to the down-regulation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling and the overexpression of Id2. Furthermore, it was speculated that maternal marginal ID rarely affected the differentiation of cerebellar GCs in the offspring.
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99837
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Role of ZAC1 in transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:95-109. [PMID: 26322169 PMCID: PMC4549774 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus 1 (TNDM1) is a rare genetic disorder representing with severe neonatal hyperglycaemia followed by remission within one and a half year and adolescent relapse with type 2 diabetes in half of the patients. Genetic defects in TNDM1 comprise uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6, duplication of the minimal TNDM1 locus at 6q24, or relaxation of genomically imprinted ZAC1/HYMAI. Whereas the function of HYMAI, a non-coding mRNA, is still unidentified, biochemical and molecular studies show that zinc finger protein 1 regulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (ZAC1) behaves as a factor with versatile transcriptional functions dependent on binding to specific GC-rich DNA motives and interconnected regulation of recruited coactivator activities. Genome-wide expression profiling enabled the isolation of a number of Zac1 target genes known to regulate different aspects of β-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Among these, upregulation of Pparγ and Tcf4 impairs insulin-secretion and β-cell proliferation. Similarly, Zac1-mediated upregulation of Socs3 may attenuate β-cell proliferation and survival by inhibition of growth factor signalling. Additionally, Zac1 directly represses Pac1 and Rasgrf1 with roles in insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation. Collectively, concerted dysregulation of these target genes could contribute to the onset and course of TNDM1. Interestingly, Zac1 overexpression in β-cells spares the effects of stimulatory G-protein signaling on insulin secretion and raises the prospect for tailored treatments in relapsed TNDM1 patients. Overall, these results suggest that progress on the molecular and cellular foundations of monogenetic forms of diabetes can advance personalized therapy in addition to deepening the understanding of insulin and glucose metabolism in general.
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99838
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The Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Tumor Induced Bone Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1658-83. [PMID: 26343726 PMCID: PMC4586789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer treatments, tumor induced bone disease continues to cause significant morbidities. While tumors show distinct mutations and clinical characteristics, they behave similarly once they establish in bone. Tumors can metastasize to bone from distant sites (breast, prostate, lung), directly invade into bone (head and neck) or originate from the bone (melanoma, chondrosarcoma) where they cause pain, fractures, hypercalcemia, and ultimately, poor prognoses and outcomes. Tumors in bone secrete factors (interleukins and parathyroid hormone-related protein) that induce RANKL expression from osteoblasts, causing an increase in osteoclast mediated bone resorption. While the mechanisms involved varies slightly between tumor types, many tumors display an increase in Hedgehog signaling components that lead to increased tumor growth, therapy failure, and metastasis. The work of multiple laboratories has detailed Hh signaling in several tumor types and revealed that tumor establishment in bone can be controlled by both canonical and non-canonical Hh signaling in a cell type specific manner. This review will explore the role of Hh signaling in the modulation of tumor induced bone disease, and will shed insight into possible therapeutic interventions for blocking Hh signaling in these tumors.
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99839
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Skúpa K, Melicherčík M, Urban J. A computational study of the interaction between dopamine and DNA/RNA nucleosides. J Mol Model 2015; 21:241. [PMID: 26305049 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between protonated dopamine and neutral RNA and DNA nucleosides was studied by means of density functional theory calculations in vacuum and in implicit water. On the most stable complexes formed with each of the nucleosides, the vertical absorption excitation energies were evaluated and compared with the values of separated dopamine and corresponding nucleoside. The most stable complex was formed with guanosine and the spectral changes in this complex resulted in a significant reduction of the oscillator strength of the first dopamine's transition. In the first guanosine's transition, a redshift of 0.2 eV was found combined with a reduction of the oscillator strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Skúpa
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia,
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99840
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Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: current status, possible mechanisms and overcoming strategies. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1511-9. [PMID: 26306654 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy has become one of most effective forms of targeted adjuvant therapy for hormone-sensitive breast cancer and may be given after surgery or radiotherapy, and also prior, or subsequent to chemotherapy. Current commonly used drugs for adjuvant endocrine therapy can be divided into following three classes: selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor downregulators. Tumor cells can develop resistance to endocrine therapy, a major obstacle limiting the success of breast cancer treatment. The complicated crosstalk, both genomic and nongenomic, between estrogen receptors and growth factors was considered to be a crucial factor contributing to endocrine resistance. However, resistance to this therapy is thought to be a progressive, step-wise process, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the possible biological and molecular mechanisms that underlie endocrine resistance, and discuss some novel strategies to overcoming these issues.
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99841
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Ma JQ, Zhou LL, Hu YQ, Liu SS, Sheng XY. Association between feeding practices and weight status in young children. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:97. [PMID: 26306490 PMCID: PMC4550067 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate feeding practices during infancy may lead to overweight. The aims of this study are to investigate the growth of children in the first 18 months of life; to evaluate the feeding practices of caregivers using developed Young Child Feeding Questionnaire; and to investigate caregivers' feeding attitudes and behaviors associated with infants' weight status. METHODS Six month-old infants and their main caregivers entering the Kongjiang Community Health Center for a routine well-child check were recruited for this study and followed up every 6 months for 12 months. Questionnaire survey was carried out through on-site face-to-face interview at each visit with the main caregivers of children using Young Child Feeding Questionnaire, which included caregivers' feeding attitudes and behaviors. The weight and length of children were measured at each visit. RESULTS Among 197 children who completed the investigation at 18 months of age, 64 (32.49%) children were overweight (BMI-for-age z scores > +1). The increases in weight-for-age z scores and BMI-for-age z scores from birth to 6 months, 12 to 18 months and birth to 18 months in overweight children were significantly higher than those in normal weight children (P < 0.001). In normal weight children, caregivers worried more about children's being "underweight" and "eating less" (P = 0.001), whereas caregivers with overweight children worried more about children's "eating too much" and being "overweight" (P < 0.001). In 64 overweight infants, the scores of "concern about child's food intake" were significantly correlated with increase in BAZ between 12 and 18 months (Bata = 0.293, P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Young Child Feeding Questionnaire is a valid tool for evaluating feeding practice of caregivers. The rapid BMI gain in overweight children may be associated with some inappropriate feeding attitudes and behaviors of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qiu Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yan-Qi Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Sheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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99842
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Triebel J, Bertsch T, Bollheimer C, Rios-Barrera D, Pearce CF, Hüfner M, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Principles of the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1193-203. [PMID: 26310939 PMCID: PMC4666935 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00256.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hormonal family of vasoinhibins, which derive from the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin, are known for their inhibiting effects on blood vessel growth, vasopermeability, and vasodilation. As pleiotropic hormones, vasoinhibins act in multiple target organs and tissues. The generation, secretion, and regulation of vasoinhibins are embedded into the organizational principle of an axis, which integrates the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the target tissue microenvironment. This axis is designated as the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis. Disturbances of the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis are associated with the pathogenesis of retinal and cardiac diseases and with diseases occurring during pregnancy. New phylogenetical, physiological, and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Bollheimer
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rios-Barrera
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Directors' Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christy F Pearce
- Southern Colorado Maternal Fetal Medicine, St. Francis Medical Campus, Centura Health, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | | | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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99843
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Binoun-A-Egom C, Andreas A, Klimas J, Valentova V, Kruzliak P, Egom EE. B-type natriuretic peptide and heart failure: what can we learn from clinical trials? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:881-887. [PMID: 25969125 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) may favour natriuresis and diuresis, making it an ideal drug to aid in diuresing a fluid-overloaded patient with poor or worsening renal function. Several randomized clinical trials have tested the hypothesis that infusions of pharmacological doses of BNP to acute heart failure (HF) patients may enhance decongestion and preserve renal function in this clinical setting. Unfortunately, none of these has resulted in a better outcome. The current challenge for BNP research in acute HF lies in a failure of concept and reluctance to abandon a demonstrably ineffectual research model. Future success will necessitate a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of BNP as well as a better integration of basic and clinical science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Andreas
- University of Toronto Scarborough Campus, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Medical Faculty in Martin, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- EGOM Clinical and Translational Research Services (ECTRS) Ltd, Halifax, NS, Canada
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99844
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Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS, Rodriguez M. Pathophysiology of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Dysregulation in Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Dial 2015; 28:564-77. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J. Felsenfeld
- Department of Medicine; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Los Angeles California
| | - Barton S. Levine
- Department of Medicine; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Los Angeles California
| | - Mariano Rodriguez
- Nephrology Service; IMIBIC; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
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99845
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Andl T, Botchkareva NV. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the control of HF development and cycling: the next frontiers in hair research. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:821-6. [PMID: 26121602 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle development and its postnatal regeneration are characterized by dramatic changes in its microanatomy and cellular activity, which are controlled by multiple signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs and their targets form remarkably diverse regulatory networks, playing a key role in the execution of gene expression programmes in the different cell lineages of the hair follicle. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in the control of hair follicle development, cycling and hair pigmentation, emphasizes the remaining problems/unanswered questions, and provides future directions in this rapidly growing and exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andl
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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99846
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Systems Genetics Reveals the Functional Context of PCOS Loci and Identifies Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Heterogeneity. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005455. [PMID: 26305227 PMCID: PMC4549292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed 11 independent risk loci for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common disorder in young women characterized by androgen excess and oligomenorrhea. To put these risk loci and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) therein into functional context, we measured DNA methylation and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies to identify PCOS-specific alterations. Two genes from the LHCGR region, STON1-GTF2A1L and LHCGR, were overexpressed in PCOS. In analysis stratified by obesity, LHCGR was overexpressed only in non-obese PCOS women. Although not differentially expressed in the entire PCOS group, INSR was underexpressed in obese PCOS subjects only. Alterations in gene expression in the LHCGR, RAB5B and INSR regions suggest that SNPs in these loci may be functional and could affect gene expression directly or indirectly via epigenetic alterations. We identified reduced methylation in the LHCGR locus and increased methylation in the INSR locus, changes that are concordant with the altered gene expression profiles. Complex patterns of meQTL and eQTL were identified in these loci, suggesting that local genetic variation plays an important role in gene regulation. We propose that non-obese PCOS women possess significant alterations in LH receptor expression, which drives excess androgen secretion from the ovary. Alternatively, obese women with PCOS possess alterations in insulin receptor expression, with underexpression in metabolic tissues and overexpression in the ovary, resulting in peripheral insulin resistance and excess ovarian androgen production. These studies provide a genetic and molecular basis for the reported clinical heterogeneity of PCOS. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disturbance in reproductive age women and features high levels of male sex hormones, such as testosterone, and infrequent ovulation. Twin studies have demonstrated that inheritance plays a significant role in PCOS, and recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated 11 susceptibility regions. The mechanism by which these genetic loci cause PCOS has yet to be determined. We looked at DNA methylation and gene expression levels in these 11 loci in fat biopsies from women with and without PCOS. We identified differences in the expression of two receptors that bind hormones known to contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS–the receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin. We found increased expression of the LH receptor in non-obese PCOS women, while in the obese women with PCOS the insulin receptor was underexpressed. Both excess LH stimulation and elevated insulin levels, due to decreased receptor levels and resulting insulin resistance, can cause increased androgen production from the ovary. Our findings suggest the primary mechanism for elevated androgen levels in PCOS may differ between non-obese and obese women with PCOS and that the clinical heterogeneity seen in PCOS may have genetic underpinnings.
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99847
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Chowdhury S, Grimm L, Gong YJK, Wang B, Li B, Srikant CB, Gao ZH, Liu JL. Decreased 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Level and Activity in Murine Pancreatic Islets Caused by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Overexpression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136656. [PMID: 26305481 PMCID: PMC4549276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported a high expression of IGF-I in pancreatic islet β-cells of transgenic mice under the metallothionein promoter. cDNA microarray analysis of the islets revealed that the expression of 82 genes was significantly altered compared to wild-type mice. Of these, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), which is responsible for the conversion of inert cortisone (11-dehydrocorticosterone, DHC in rodents) to active cortisol (corticosterone) in the liver and adipose tissues, has not been identified previously as an IGF-I target in pancreatic islets. We characterized the changes in its protein level, enzyme activity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In freshly isolated islets, the level of 11β-HSD1 protein was significantly lower in MT-IGF mice. Using dual-labeled immunofluorescence, 11β-HSD1 was observed exclusively in glucagon-producing, islet α-cells but at a lower level in transgenic vs. wild-type animals. MT-IGF islets also exhibited reduced enzymatic activities. Dexamethasone (DEX) and DHC inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from freshly isolated islets of wild-type mice. In the islets of MT-IGF mice, 48-h pre-incubation of DEX caused a significant decrease in insulin release, while the effect of DHC was largely blunted consistent with diminished 11β-HSD1 activity. In order to establish the function of intracrine glucocorticoids, we overexpressed 11β-HSD1 cDNA in MIN6 insulinoma cells, which together with DHC caused apoptosis and a significant decrease in proliferation. Both effects were abolished with the treatment of an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Our results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of IGF-I on 11β-HSD1 expression and activity within the pancreatic islets, which may mediate part of the IGF-I effects on cell proliferation, survival and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Chowdhury
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Larson Grimm
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ying Jia Kate Gong
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Beixi Wang
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bing Li
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Coimbatore B. Srikant
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
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99848
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Birch Petersen K, Hvidman H, Forman J, Pinborg A, Larsen E, Macklon K, Sylvest R, Andersen AN. Ovarian reserve assessment in users of oral contraception seeking fertility advice on their reproductive lifespan. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2364-75. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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99849
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Mesnage R, Arno M, Costanzo M, Malatesta M, Séralini GE, Antoniou MN. Transcriptome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney damage following chronic ultra-low dose Roundup exposure. Environ Health 2015; 14:70. [PMID: 26302742 PMCID: PMC4549093 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the major pesticides used worldwide. Converging evidence suggests that GBH, such as Roundup, pose a particular health risk to liver and kidneys although low environmentally relevant doses have not been examined. To address this issue, a 2-year study in rats administering 0.1 ppb Roundup (50 ng/L glyphosate equivalent) via drinking water (giving a daily intake of 4 ng/kg bw/day of glyphosate) was conducted. A marked increased incidence of anatomorphological and blood/urine biochemical changes was indicative of liver and kidney structure and functional pathology. In order to confirm these findings we have conducted a transcriptome microarray analysis of the liver and kidneys from these same animals. RESULTS The expression of 4224 and 4447 transcript clusters (a group of probes corresponding to a known or putative gene) were found to be altered respectively in liver and kidney (p < 0.01, q < 0.08). Changes in gene expression varied from -3.5 to 3.7 fold in liver and from -4.3 to 5.3 in kidneys. Among the 1319 transcript clusters whose expression was altered in both tissues, ontological enrichment in 3 functional categories among 868 genes were found. First, genes involved in mRNA splicing and small nucleolar RNA were mostly upregulated, suggesting disruption of normal spliceosome activity. Electron microscopic analysis of hepatocytes confirmed nucleolar structural disruption. Second, genes controlling chromatin structure (especially histone-lysine N-methyltransferases) were mostly upregulated. Third, genes related to respiratory chain complex I and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were mostly downregulated. Pathway analysis suggests a modulation of the mTOR and phosphatidylinositol signalling pathways. Gene disturbances associated with the chronic administration of ultra-low dose Roundup reflect a liver and kidney lipotoxic condition and increased cellular growth that may be linked with regeneration in response to toxic effects causing damage to tissues. Observed alterations in gene expression were consistent with fibrosis, necrosis, phospholipidosis, mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and ischemia, which correlate with and thus confirm observations of pathology made at an anatomical, histological and biochemical level. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic exposure to a GBH in an established laboratory animal toxicity model system at an ultra-low, environmental dose can result in liver and kidney damage with potential significant health implications for animal and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, 8th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matthew Arno
- Genomics Centre, King's College London, Waterloo Campus, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Manuela Costanzo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Gilles-Eric Séralini
- Institute of Biology, EA 2608 and Risk Pole, MRSH-CNRS, Esplanade de la Paix, University of Caen, Caen, 14032, Cedex, France
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, 8th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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99850
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Li Z, Amsterdam EA, Young JN, Hoegh H, Armstrong EJ. Contemporary Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Insulin-Treated and Non-Insulin-Treated Diabetes. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:2262-9. [PMID: 26319487 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 40% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have diabetes. However, it is unknown how insulin treatment status influences cardiac surgical outcomes among patients with diabetes. METHODS All isolated CABG, CABG plus aortic valve replacement or plus mitral valve repair/replacement procedures performed in 2012 were extracted from the California CABG Outcomes Reporting Program database. Patients were grouped into three categories: (1) no diabetes, (2) non-insulin-treated diabetes (NITDM), and (3) insulin-treated diabetes (ITDM). Demographic and clinical baseline characteristics and observed postoperative major adverse events, including 30-day mortality, stroke, deep sternal wound infection, prolonged ventilation, new dialysis requirement, renal failure, and 30-day readmission were compared. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed for predicting the impact of NITDM and ITDM on postoperative major adverse events. RESULTS A total of 14,051 patients underwent isolated CABG or CABG plus aortic/mitral valve procedures in California during 2012; 6700 (47.7%) had no diabetes, 5165 (36.8%) had NITDM, and 2183 (15.6%) had ITDM. Compared with the nondiabetic and NITDM groups, the ITDM group was younger, more frequently women and nonwhite, and had a higher prevalence of preoperative comorbidities (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for baseline risk factors and surgery type compared with patients without diabetes, both NITDM and ITDM were associated with significantly increased risk of major adverse events [NITDM: adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.15, 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.26, p = 0.005; ITDM: AOR, 1.49, 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.68, p < 0.0001]. A subgroup comparison indicated a similar gradient of risk for each category of cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes undergoing CABG have substantially increased risk of major adverse events. Patients with ITDM represent an especially high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Li
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
| | - Ezra A Amsterdam
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - J Nilas Young
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Holly Hoegh
- California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, Sacramento, California
| | - Ehrin J Armstrong
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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