99801
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Nixon K, Jindal S, Parker F, Marshall M, Reich NG, Ghobadi K, Lee EC, Truelove S, Gardner L. Real-time COVID-19 forecasting: challenges and opportunities of model performance and translation. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e699-e701. [PMID: 36150779 PMCID: PMC9499327 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nixon
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sonia Jindal
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Felix Parker
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maximilian Marshall
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas G Reich
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kimia Ghobadi
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaun Truelove
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Gardner
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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99802
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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99803
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Intravesical BCG and Incidence of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Bladder Cancer: Results From an Administrative Dataset. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:307-311. [PMID: 36183417 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and immunomodulation offers treatment opportunities. Preclinical data suggest that intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment could delay AD development. We investigated this relationship in a population-based cancer database. SAMPLE AND METHODS We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database for patients with high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (hrNMIBC). BCG dosage and subsequent Alzheimer diagnosis were collected through ICD-9/10 codes. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to assess the association between BCG therapy and subsequent Alzheimer diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 26,584 hrNMIBC patients; 51% received BCG and 8.3% were diagnosed with Alzheimer. BCG exposure was significantly associated with lower Alzheimer occurrence (hazard ratio: 0.73, P <0.05), which was dose-dependent. Increasing age, female sex, Black race, and increasing comorbidity index were significantly associated with a greater risk of subsequent Alzheimer diagnosis. DISCUSSION Treatment with intravesical BCG among patients with hrNMIBC was associated with a significantly lower risk for subsequent Alzheimer diagnosis, which seemed dose-dependent.
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99804
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Liu CM, Liu CC, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Lin YT, Chien YL, Hwu HG. The plasma level of complement component 4A decreases with aripiprazole treatment in patients with early psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114775. [PMID: 35985087 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The complement component 4 (C4) gene has been reported to be significantly associated with schizophrenia, and C4A RNA expression was found to increase in postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients. This study aimed to examine the plasma levels of C4A and C4B proteins in patients with early psychosis and their changes following aripiprazole treatment. We recruited 45 patients, including 17 patients with ultra-high-risk and 28 patients with first-episode psychosis, and 45 age-matched and sex-matched controls. All patients received aripiprazole treatment for 4 weeks. Each patient received symptom evaluation before and after the treatment period. We measured the plasma levels of C4A and C4B in the pretreatment and posttreatment stages of patients and controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found no significant differences in C4A and C4B levels between patients and controls, but the C4A level decreased significantly with aripiprazole treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that the decrease rate of C4A was significantly associated with the treatment response of the positive symptom dimension. In summary, we found that the plasma level of C4A decreased with aripiprazole treatment, and the decrease rate was associated with the treatment response of the positive dimension in patients with early psychosis. This mechanism deserves further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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99805
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Zhao P, Zhang N, An Z. Engineering antibody and protein therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier. Antib Ther 2022; 5:311-331. [PMID: 36540309 PMCID: PMC9759110 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) are often difficult to treat. Antibody- and protein-based therapeutics hold huge promises in CNS disease treatment. However, proteins are restricted from entering the CNS by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To achieve enhanced BBB crossing, antibody-based carriers have been developed by utilizing the endogenous macromolecule transportation pathway, known as receptor-mediated transcytosis. In this report, we first provided an overall review on key CNS diseases and the most promising antibody- or protein-based therapeutics approved or in clinical trials. We then reviewed the platforms that are being explored to increase the macromolecule brain entry to combat CNS diseases. Finally, we have analyzed the lessons learned from past experiences and have provided a perspective on the future engineering of novel delivery vehicles for antibody- and protein-based therapies for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, Texas, USA
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99806
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder. The regulator of the G-protein signaling (RGS) is involved in the pathogenesis of several immune system disorders. RGS16, a member of the RGS protein superfamily, has been shown to play critical roles in several immune system-related diseases. However, the roles of RGS16 in ulcerative colitis remain to be elucidated. METHODS We analyzed the expression of RGS16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We performed Spearman's correlation to analyze the correlation between RGS16 expression and the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS), Mayo index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and IL-17A levels. Further, PBMCs were stimulated with inflammatory cytokines in vitro . RESULTS RGS16 expression significantly increased in the colonic mucosa and PBMCs from patients with ulcerative colitis and significantly correlated with the Mayo index, UCEIS, ESR and serum TNF-α and IL-17A levels. TNF-α upregulated RGS16 expression in PBMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner via the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) signaling pathway. Moreover, anti-TNF treatment with infliximab significantly decreased RGS16 expression in PBMCs and intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel mechanism by which RGS16 expression in ulcerative colitis is positively correlated with disease activity. Thus, RGS16 might serve as a potential therapeutic marker for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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99807
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Koziol A, Odriozola I, Nyholm L, Leonard A, San José C, Pauperio J, Ferreira C, Hansen AJ, Aizpurua O, Gilbert MTP, Alberdi A. Enriching captivity conditions with natural elements does not prevent the loss of wild‐like gut microbiota but shapes its compositional variation in two small mammals. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1318. [PMCID: PMC9517064 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As continued growth in gut microbiota studies in captive and model animals elucidates the importance of their role in host biology, further pursuit of how to retain a wild‐like microbial community is becoming increasingly important to obtain representative results from captive animals. In this study, we assessed how the gut microbiota of two wild‐caught small mammals, namely Crocidura russula (Eulipotyphla, insectivore) and Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia, omnivore), changed when bringing them into captivity. We analyzed fecal samples of 15 A. sylvaticus and 21 C. russula, immediately after bringing them into captivity and 5 weeks later, spread over two housing treatments: a “natural” setup enriched with elements freshly collected from nature and a “laboratory” setup with sterile artificial elements. Through sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S recombinant RNA gene, we found that the initial microbial diversity dropped during captivity in both species, regardless of treatment. Community composition underwent a change of similar magnitude in both species and under both treatments. However, we did observe that the temporal development of the gut microbiome took different trajectories (i.e., changed in different directions) under different treatments, particularly in C. russula, suggesting that C. russula may be more susceptible to environmental change. The results of this experiment do not support the use of microbially enriched environments to retain wild‐like microbial diversities and compositions, yet show that specific housing conditions can significantly affect the drift of microbial communities under captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Koziol
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lasse Nyholm
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Aoife Leonard
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Carlos San José
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute Donostia‐San Sebastian Spain
| | - Joana Pauperio
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Campus de Vairão Portugal
| | - Clara Ferreira
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Anders J. Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ostaizka Aizpurua
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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99808
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Huguenard *AL, Johnson GW, Desai RR, Osbun JW, Dacey RG, Braverman AC. Relationship between phenotypic features in Loeys-Dietz syndrome and the presence of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 2022; 138:1385-1392. [PMID: 36308480 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.jns221373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by aneurysms of the aorta, aortic branches, and intracranial arteries; skeletal and cutaneous abnormalities; and craniofacial malformations. Previous authors have reported that higher craniofacial severity index (CFI) scores, which indicate more severe craniofacial abnormalities, correlate with the severity of aortic aneurysm pathology. However, the association between syndromic features and the formation of intracranial aneurysms in LDS patients has yet to be determined. In this study, the authors evaluate the incidence of phenotypic abnormalities, craniofacial features, and Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) in a large LDS cohort and explore possible risk factors for the development of intracranial aneurysms.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with LDS who had been seen at the Marfan Syndrome and Aortopathy Center at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis in 2010–2022. Medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic, clinical, and radiographic data. The prevalence of craniofacial, skeletal, and cutaneous pathologies was determined. Bivariate logistic regression was performed to identify possible risk factors for the formation of an intracranial aneurysm.
RESULTS
Eighty-one patients with complete medical records and intracranial vascular imaging were included in the analysis, and 18 patients (22.2%) had at least 1 intracranial aneurysm. Patients frequently demonstrated the thin or translucent skin, doughy skin texture, hypertelorism, uvular abnormalities, and joint hypermobility typical of LDS. CM-I was common, occurring in 7.4% of the patients. Importantly, the patients with intracranial aneurysms were more likely to have CM-I (22.2%) than those without intracranial aneurysms (3.2%). The mean CFI score in the cohort with available data was 1.81, with higher means in the patients with the TGFBR1 or TGFBR2 disease-causing variants (2.05 and 3.30, respectively) and lower in the patients with the SMAD3, TGFB2, or TGFB3 pathogenic variants (CFI < 1). No significant CFI difference was observed in patients with or without intracranial aneurysms (2.06 vs 1.74, p = 0.61).
CONCLUSIONS
CM-I, and not the CFI, is significantly associated with the presence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with LDS. Surveillance for intracranial aneurysms is essential in all patients with LDS and should not be limited to those with severe phenotypes. Long-term monitoring studies will be necessary to determine whether a correlation between craniofacial abnormalities and adverse outcomes from intracranial aneurysms (growth, intervention, or rupture) exists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rupen R. Desai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis; and
| | - Joshua W. Osbun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis; and
| | - Ralph G. Dacey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis; and
| | - Alan C. Braverman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
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99809
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Xia X, Zhang Y, Sun R, Wei Y, Li Q, Chong MKC, Wu WKK, Zee BCY, Tang H, Wang MH. A Prism Vote method for individualized risk prediction of traits in genotype data of Multi-population. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010443. [PMID: 36302058 PMCID: PMC9642904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-population cohorts offer unprecedented opportunities for profiling disease risk in large samples, however, heterogeneous risk effects underlying complex traits across populations make integrative prediction challenging. In this study, we propose a novel Bayesian probability framework, the Prism Vote (PV), to construct risk predictions in heterogeneous genetic data. The PV views the trait of an individual as a composite risk from subpopulations, in which stratum-specific predictors can be formed in data of more homogeneous genetic structure. Since each individual is described by a composition of subpopulation memberships, the framework enables individualized risk characterization. Simulations demonstrated that the PV framework applied with alternative prediction methods significantly improved prediction accuracy in mixed and admixed populations. The advantage of PV enlarges as genetic heterogeneity and sample size increase. In two real genome-wide association data consists of multiple populations, we showed that the framework considerably enhanced prediction accuracy of the linear mixed model in five-group cross validations. The proposed method offers a new aspect to analyze individual's disease risk and improve accuracy for predicting complex traits in genotype data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xia
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Statistics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yexian Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- The 7th affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Statistics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Li
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Marc Ka Chun Chong
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benny Chung-Ying Zee
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, California, United States of America
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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99810
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Cowden Syndrome Case Report: Use of an Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator for Cosmetic Removal of Lip Hamartomas. Cureus 2022; 14:e29839. [PMID: 36337787 PMCID: PMC9625556 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant condition that is relatively rare. CS patients can have tumors derived from all three germlines. They can present with mucocutaneous hamartomas or other benign tumors, and have an increased risk of malignancies of the thyroid, breast, kidney, GI tract, and skin. In our clinic, a 40-year-old CS patient presented for thyroidectomy after fine needle aspiration was suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Another major concern was the cosmetic appearance of her lips, which were diffusely covered with small hamartomas. We were able to remove these in a novel manner using a cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA; Integra Lifesciences, Princeton, NJ, USA). Using the CUSA tangential to the lip surface allowed for removal of the hamartomas in a way that created a smooth and cosmetically appealing outcome for the patient. The use of an ultrasonic surgical aspirator is a novel way to cosmetically treat hamartomas of the lip for CS patients.
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99811
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Nejabati HR, Roshangar L, Nouri M. Uterosomes: The lost ring of telegony? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 174:55-61. [PMID: 35843387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Telegony refers to the appearance of some characteristics of the female's previously mated male in her subsequent offspring by another male. According to evidence, telegony may occur either through the infiltration of sperm into the somatic tissues of the female genital tract or the presence of fetal genes in the mother's blood. It is highlighted that sperm penetrates into the mucosa of the uterine and possibly alters the genetic structure, affecting the embryo and enduring from one pregnancy to the next, which may be one of the potential mechanisms of telegony. Uterine fluid, uterine gland-derived histotroph, supplies key nutrients for successful embryo implantation and it is important during the first trimester, especially, because of its susceptibility to maternal states. The presence of EVs in uterine fluid (uterosomes) was reported in mice, sheep, and humans, including a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, and non-coding RNAs. In this review article, we presented a new idea to explain telegony. Based on our idea, after the previous male sperm entry into the female reproductive system, those sperm which do not participate in fertilization penetrate into the somatic cells of the uterus and store their genetic/epigenetic information there. The sperm of the next partner reaches a location in the female reproductive canal where it exchanges information with the uterosomes and obtains the proteins and non-coding RNAs required for fertilization, development, and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.
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99812
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Ioannidou E, Geurs N, Lipman R, Araujo MWB, Elkareh J, Engebretson S, Eber R, Oates T, Diaz P, Spino C. Antibiotic prescription patterns among US general dentists and periodontists. J Am Dent Assoc 2022; 153:979-988. [PMID: 36038399 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of a full spectrum of evidence-based guidelines for the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents, dentists, including periodontists, remain a highly frequent antibiotic prescribing group. With the goal of understanding antibiotic prescribing practices, the authors surveyed a convenience sample of dental practitioners and periodontists to identify differences between the 2 cohorts and assess the factors that affect prescribing practices. METHODS An institutional review board-approved 15-item survey was developed to capture antibiotic prescribing practices addressing the main research question, factors affecting systemic antibiotic prescription patterns, and prescription timing. The authors collaborated with the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) for survey dissemination. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Multivariable models were developed to identify antibiotic prescription predictors. RESULTS Overall, 32.4% of the participants prescribed systemic antibiotics with scaling and root planing. When comparing the 2 groups, the authors found that 46.4% and 18.7% of the AAP and ADA members, respectively, prescribed systemic antibiotics with scaling and root planing (P = .0001). The authors found a significant difference between the AAP and ADA groups in prescription timing (P = .01). The multivariable model revealed that practitioner sex (P = .03), AAP membership (P = .0001), and years of practitioner experience (P = .04) predicted antibiotic prescription practices. The geographic location, practice setting, and occupation type did not predict antibiotic prescription patterns. CONCLUSION The authors found a lack of clarity related to prescription timing, factors determining prescription patterns, and selection of patient population who would benefit more from antibiotics. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study confirmed a lack of clarity related to antibiotic prescription patterns in combination with nonsurgical periodontal treatment.
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99813
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Houston BJ, Lopes AM, Laan M, Nagirnaja L, O'Connor AE, Merriner DJ, Nguyen J, Punab M, Riera-Escamilla A, Krausz C, Aston KI, Conrad DF, O'Bryan MK. DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12-like protein 1 (Dcaf12l1) is not essential for male fertility in mice. Dev Biol 2022; 490:66-72. [PMID: 35850260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a common condition affecting at least 7% of men worldwide and is often genetic in origin. Using whole exome sequencing, we recently discovered three hemizygous, likely damaging variants in DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12-like protein 1 (DCAF12L1) in men with azoospermia. DCAF12L1 is located on the X-chromosome and as identified by single cell sequencing studies, its expression is enriched in human testes and specifically in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. However, very little is known about the role of DCAF12L1 in spermatogenesis, thus we generated a knockout mouse model to further explore the role of DCAF12L1 in male fertility. Knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to remove the entire coding region of Dcaf12l1 and were assessed for fertility over a broad range of ages (2-8 months of age). Despite outstanding genetic evidence in men, loss of DCAF12L1 had no discernible impact on male fertility in mice, as highlighted by breeding trials, histological assessment of the testis and epididymis, daily sperm production and evaluation of sperm motility using computer assisted methods. This disparity is likely due to the parallel evolution, and subsequent divergence, of DCAF12 family members in mice and men or the presence of compounding environmental factors in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Houston
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA
| | - Maris Laan
- Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Nagirnaja
- Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Anne E O'Connor
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Nguyen
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Margus Punab
- Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia; Andrology Centre, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Antoni Riera-Escamilla
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; International Male Infertility Genomics Consortium (IMIGC); Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Centre of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Kenneth Ivan Aston
- Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; International Male Infertility Genomics Consortium (IMIGC); Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; International Male Infertility Genomics Consortium (IMIGC)
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Genetics of Male Infertility Initiative (GEMINI), USA; International Male Infertility Genomics Consortium (IMIGC)
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99814
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Salem E, Keshvari A, ahdavinezhad A, Soltanian AR, Saidijam M, Afshar S. Role of EFNA1 SNP (rs12904) in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer: A Bioinformatic Analysis and HRM SNP Genotyping Verification. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3523-3531. [PMID: 36308379 PMCID: PMC9924350 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.10.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is a prevalent disease with a poor prognosis and is known as a heterogeneous disease with many differences in clinical Symptoms and molecular profiles. The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the association of SNPs in miRNA binding sites of target genes that are involved in CRC angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and cytoskeleton organization with tumorigenesis and metastasis of CRC. METHODS A case-control study was performed on 146 samples of CRC patients and 132 healthy samples. After that, the DNA of all samples was isolated by the salting-out method. Finally, the genotypes for EFNA1 SNP (rs12904) were identified by HRM (High-resolution melting analysis) method. In order to evaluate the results of genotyping, two samples from each genotype were sequenced using the sanger sequencing method. RESULT The frequency of AA genotype and the frequency of GG for rs12904 in satge4 and other stages are different from each other (P-value <0.0001) (P-value = 0.008). Also, the frequency of AA genotype in patients with different grades is different from each other (P-value = 0.035), while the frequency of AG genotype and the frequency of GG genotype is not significantly different in patients with different grades (P-value = 0.377) (P-value = 0.284). CONCLUSION Results of this study indicated that patients carrying the GA and GG genotypes reduced the risk of disease progression compared to the AA genotype. As a result, this polymorphism plays a key role in CRC pathogenesis and metastasis and could be used as a biomarker in molecular diagnosis and metastatic state prediction in the near future after further study of its signaling pathways and molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Salem
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Keshvari
- Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Colorectal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali ahdavinezhad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. ,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran..
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran..
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. ,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran..,For Correspondence:
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99815
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Pilheden M, Ahlgren L, Hyrenius-Wittsten A, Gonzalez-Pena V, Sturesson H, Hansen Marquart HV, Lausen B, Castor A, Pronk CJ, Barbany G, Pokrovskaja Tamm K, Fogelstrand L, Lohi O, Norén-Nyström U, Asklin J, Chen Y, Song G, Walsh M, Ma J, Zhang J, Saal LH, Gawad C, Hagström-Andersson AK. Duplex Sequencing Uncovers Recurrent Low-frequency Cancer-associated Mutations in Infant and Childhood KMT2A-rearranged Acute Leukemia. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e785. [PMID: 36204688 PMCID: PMC9529062 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with KMT2A-gene rearrangements (KMT2A-r) have few mutations and a poor prognosis. To uncover mutations that are below the detection of standard next-generation sequencing (NGS), a combination of targeted duplex sequencing and NGS was applied on 20 infants and 7 children with KMT2A-r ALL, 5 longitudinal and 6 paired relapse samples. Of identified nonsynonymous mutations, 87 had been previously implicated in cancer and targeted genes recurrently altered in KMT2A-r leukemia and included mutations in KRAS, NRAS, FLT3, TP53, PIK3CA, PAX5, PIK3R1, and PTPN11, with infants having fewer such mutations. Of identified cancer-associated mutations, 62% were below the resolution of standard NGS. Only 33 of 87 mutations exceeded 2% of cellular prevalence and most-targeted PI3K/RAS genes (31/33) and typically KRAS/NRAS. Five patients only had low-frequency PI3K/RAS mutations without a higher-frequency signaling mutation. Further, drug-resistant clones with FLT3 D835H or NRAS G13D/G12S mutations that comprised only 0.06% to 0.34% of diagnostic cells, expanded at relapse. Finally, in longitudinal samples, the relapse clone persisted as a minor subclone from diagnosis and through treatment before expanding during the last month of disease. Together, we demonstrate that infant and childhood KMT2A-r ALL harbor low-frequency cancer-associated mutations, implying a vast subclonal genetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Pilheden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Ahlgren
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel Hyrenius-Wittsten
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Veronica Gonzalez-Pena
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena Sturesson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Birgitte Lausen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Castor
- Childhood Cancer Center, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gisela Barbany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Fogelstrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lao H. Saal
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charles Gawad
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna K. Hagström-Andersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Translational Genomics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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99816
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Uhlig R, Günther K, Bröker N, Gorbokon N, Lennartz M, Dwertmann Rico S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Büscheck F, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Steurer S, Burandt E, Marx AH, Krech T, Simon R, Minner S, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F. Diagnostic and prognostic role of pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein 2 (GP2) immunohistochemistry: A TMA study on 27,681 tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154123. [PMID: 36137400 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is a membrane component of zymogen granules which is abundantly secreted by pancreatic acinar cells. Because RNA based analyses suggest a strict limitation of GP2 expression to the pancreas in normal tissues, and a strong preference to pancreatic cancer among tumors, GP2 expression analysis might have diagnostic utility. To better understand the role of GP2 protein expression, GP2 was successfully analyzed in 27,965 tumor samples from 132 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 8 samples each of 76 different normal tissue types by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format (TMA). GP2 immunostaining was seen in 14 of 16 (87.5 %) acinar cell carcinomas, 6 of 507 (1.2 %) ductal adenocarcinomas, and 3 of 99 neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas (3.0 %). GP2 was also found in 23 extra-pancreatic tumor entities including several types of neuroendocrine neoplasms (14.3-58.8 %), prostatic adenocarcinomas (8.2-18.8 %), various other adenocarcinomas (0.1-7.7 %), and several categories of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors (2.3-3.1 %). A strong GP2 positivity was only seen in 6 tumor categories including 50 % of 16 pancreatic acinus cell carcinomas, 11.8 % of 17 neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, 1.3 % of 80 primary Gleason 4 + 4 % and 0.6 % of 181 recurrent prostate cancers, as well as 0.8 % of 133 adenocarcinomas of the lung. In a cohort of 14,747 prostate cancers with follow up data, GP2 immunostaining was strongly linked to advanced pT stage, high Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence free survival (p < 0.0001 each). The prognostic impact of GP2 positivity was independent of established parameters in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-negative cancers (p < 0.0001). In summary, our data show that GP2 is preferentially expressed in acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas but the glycoprotein can - rarely - also be expressed in a variety of other tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Günther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Bröker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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99817
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Navitski A, Al-Rawi DH, Makker V, Weigelt B, Zamarin D, Liu Y, Arnold AG, Chui MH, Mandelker DL, Walsh M, DeLair DF, Cadoo KA, O'Cearbhaill RE. Germline SMARCA4 Deletion as a Driver of Uterine Cancer: An Atypical Presentation. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200349. [PMID: 36265117 PMCID: PMC9616641 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Navitski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Duaa H. Al-Rawi
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vicky Makker
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ying Liu
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Angela G. Arnold
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M. Herman Chui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Diana L. Mandelker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Walsh
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Karen A. Cadoo
- St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin E. O'Cearbhaill
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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99818
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Genetic architecture of tuberculosis susceptibility: A comprehensive research synopsis, meta-analyses, and epidemiological evidence. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 104:105352. [PMID: 35998870 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, many studies have been conducted to investigate associations between variants and tuberculosis risk; however, the results have been inconclusive. Here, we systematically provide a summary of the understanding of the genetic architecture of tuberculosis susceptibility. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science to identify genetic association studies of tuberculosis published through October 31, 2021. We conducted meta-analyses for the genetic association with tuberculosis risk. We graded levels of cumulative epidemiological evidence of significant associations with risk of tuberculosis and false-positive report probability tests. We performed functional annotations for these variants using data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project and other databases. We identified 703 eligible articles comprising 298,074 cases and 879,593 controls through screening a total of 24,398 citations. Meta-analyses were conducted for 614 genetic variants in 469 genes or loci. We found 39 variants that were nominally significantly associated with tuberculosis risk. Cumulative epidemiological evidence for a significant association was graded strong for 9 variants in or near 9 genes. Among them, 5 variants were associated with tuberculosis risk in at least three main ethnicity (African, Asian and White) which together explained approximately 9.59% of the familial relative risk of tuberculosis. Data from ENCODE and other databases suggested that 8 of these 9 genetic variants with strong evidence might fall within putative functional regions. Our study summarizes the current literature on the genetic architecture of tuberculosis susceptibility and provides useful data for designing future studies to investigate the genetic association with tuberculosis risk.
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99819
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Expression Profiles and Functional Analysis of Plasma Exosomal Circular RNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3458227. [PMID: 36221294 PMCID: PMC9547997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3458227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cardiovascular disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality globally. The dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been shown to be closely related to various pathological aspects of AMI. However, the function of exosomal circRNAs in AMI has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of plasma exosomal circRNAs in AMI and explore their potential functionality. The expression profiles of plasma exosomal circRNAs in patients with AMI, stable coronary heart atherosclerotic disease (CAD), and healthy controls were obtained from a GEO expression dataset (GSE159657). We also analyzed bioinformatics functionality, potential pathways, and interaction networks related to the microRNAs associated with the differentially expressed circRNAs. A total of 253 exosomal circRNAs (184 up- and 69 down-regulated) and 182 exosomal circRNAs (94 up- and 88 down-regulated) were identified as being differentially expressed between the control group and the AMI and CAD patients, respectively. Compared with the CAD group, 231 different exosomal circRNAs (177 up- and 54 down-regulated) were identified in the AMI group. Functional analysis suggested that the parental genes of exosomal has_circ_0061776 were significantly enriched in the biological process of lysine degradation. Pathway interaction network analysis further indicated that exosomal has_circ_0061776 was associated with has-miR-133a, has-miR-214, has-miR-423, and has-miR-217 and may play a role in the pathogenesis of AMI through the MAPK signaling pathway. This study identified the differential expression and functionality of exosomal circRNAs in AMI and provided further understanding of the potential pathogenesis of an exosomal circRNA-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in AMI.
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99820
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is a rare adolescent or adult-onset neuromuscular disease that is characterized by progressive ocular, facial, pharyngeal and distal limb muscle weakness. The rimmed vacuoles and intranuclear inclusions in myofibers constitute the pathological hallmark of OPDM. In this review, the latest findings related to the genetic, molecular and clinical features of OPDM, as well as the diagnosis and management are summarized. RECENT FINDINGS Four gene mutations, CGG repeats in the 5'-untranslated region of LRP12 , GIPC1 , NOTCH2NLC and RILPL1 have been reported to be disease-causing genes in OPDM, namely OPDM1, OPDM2, OPDM3 and OPDM4, accordingly. So far, limited studies have suggested that CGG repeat expansion within the pathogenic range may play a key role in the pathogenesis of OPDM with the gain-of-function mechanism at the RNA and/or protein level, while repeat expansion over a threshold limit may cause hypermethylation, leading to the transcriptional silencing of the CGG repeats in the expanded allele, which results in the existence of mild phenotype or asymptomatic carriers. SUMMARY Novel gene mutations, possible molecular mechanisms and the clinical features related to different causative genes are discussed in this review. More studies on the exact pathogenic mechanism are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, China
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99821
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Nguyen TB, Do DN, Nguyen-Thi ML, Hoang-The H, Tran TT, Nguyen-Thanh T. Identification of potential crucial genes and key pathways shared in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and cervical cancer by machine learning and integrated bioinformatics. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:105996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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99822
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Weldy CS, Murtha R, Kim JB. Dissecting the Genomics of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2022; 15:e003867. [PMID: 35980654 PMCID: PMC9588691 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.003867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad S. Weldy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ryan Murtha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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99823
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Akuh OA, Elahi R, Prigge ST, Seeber F. The ferredoxin redox system - an essential electron distributing hub in the apicoplast of Apicomplexa. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:868-881. [PMID: 35999149 PMCID: PMC9481715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The apicoplast, a relict plastid found in most species of the phylum Apicomplexa, harbors the ferredoxin redox system which supplies electrons to enzymes of various metabolic pathways in this organelle. Recent reports in Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum have shown that the iron-sulfur cluster (FeS)-containing ferredoxin is essential in tachyzoite and blood-stage parasites, respectively. Here we review ferredoxin's crucial contribution to isoprenoid and lipoate biosynthesis as well as tRNA modification in the apicoplast, highlighting similarities and differences between the two species. We also discuss ferredoxin's potential role in the initial reductive steps required for FeS synthesis as well as recent evidence that offers an explanation for how NADPH required by the redox system might be generated in Plasmodium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojo-Ajogu Akuh
- FG16 Parasitology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany; Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rubayet Elahi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean T Prigge
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frank Seeber
- FG16 Parasitology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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99824
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Sharman P, Young AJ, Wilson AJ. Evidence of maternal and paternal age effects on speed in thoroughbred racehorses. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220691. [PMID: 36249332 PMCID: PMC9532991 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of parental age on offspring viability have been reported in a wide range of species. However, to what extent parental age influences offspring traits beyond viability remains unclear. Moreover, previous research has primarily focused on maternal age effects. The purpose of this study was to test for paternal and maternal age effects on offspring speed in thoroughbred racehorses. We analysed over 900 000 race performances by over 100 000 horses on British racecourses between 1996 and 2019. With knowledge of the age of all 41 107 dams and 2 887 sires at offspring conception, we jointly modelled maternal and paternal age effects using a 'within-individual centring' approach. Within-parents, we identified a significant effect of maternal age on offspring speed of -0.017 yards s-1 yr-1 and a corresponding paternal age effect of -0.011 yards s-1 yr-1. Although maternal age effects were stronger (more negative), the existence and magnitude of paternal effects is particularly noteworthy, given thoroughbred sires have no involvement in parental care. Our results also suggest that the selective disappearance of both sires and dams is ongoing. These findings could potentially be used to optimize thoroughbred racehorse breeding decisions, and more generally, add to the increasing body of evidence that both maternal and paternal age affect a range of offspring characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sharman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Andrew J. Young
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Alastair J. Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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99825
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Sharman P, Young AJ, Wilson AJ. Evidence of maternal and paternal age effects on speed in thoroughbred racehorses. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220691. [PMID: 36249332 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6228607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Effects of parental age on offspring viability have been reported in a wide range of species. However, to what extent parental age influences offspring traits beyond viability remains unclear. Moreover, previous research has primarily focused on maternal age effects. The purpose of this study was to test for paternal and maternal age effects on offspring speed in thoroughbred racehorses. We analysed over 900 000 race performances by over 100 000 horses on British racecourses between 1996 and 2019. With knowledge of the age of all 41 107 dams and 2 887 sires at offspring conception, we jointly modelled maternal and paternal age effects using a 'within-individual centring' approach. Within-parents, we identified a significant effect of maternal age on offspring speed of -0.017 yards s-1 yr-1 and a corresponding paternal age effect of -0.011 yards s-1 yr-1. Although maternal age effects were stronger (more negative), the existence and magnitude of paternal effects is particularly noteworthy, given thoroughbred sires have no involvement in parental care. Our results also suggest that the selective disappearance of both sires and dams is ongoing. These findings could potentially be used to optimize thoroughbred racehorse breeding decisions, and more generally, add to the increasing body of evidence that both maternal and paternal age affect a range of offspring characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sharman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Andrew J Young
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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99826
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Wan X, Zeng W, Zhang D, Wang L, Lei M, Chen T. Changes in the concentration, distribution, and speciation of arsenic in the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata at different growth stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156708. [PMID: 35718183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator has become a model plant for the study of the interaction between plants and trace elements. However, the change in As concentration, distribution and speciation of hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata at different growth stages, especially with the aging process remains unknown. We collected P. vittata at different growth ages and analyzed As concentration, distribution, and speciation. Furthermore, metabolic profiling was conducted for P. vittata at different growth stages. With aging, the reduced glutathione/ oxidized glutathione ratio decreased while the malondialdehyde content increased, accompanied by the change in the main As speciation in P. vittata from arsenite to arsenate. Metabolic profiling also indicated significant difference in the compositions of metabolites during different growth stages. Specifically, flavonoid compounds were found to be positively correlated with As concentration. Results indicated that with the aging of P. vittata, the redox potential increased in the pinnae, leading to the oxidation of As, which may have impacted the distribution of As in this fern. Furthermore, the correlation between As concentration and flavonoid compounds implied the essential role of flavonoid metabolism in the accumulation and transport of As in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weibin Zeng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Honghe University, Mengzi 661199, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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99827
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Li X, Yi H. Sulfur dioxide-enhanced asthma susceptibility is involved with inhibition of bitter taste transduction in mouse lung. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103938. [PMID: 35907486 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) may induce asthma-like symptoms or worsen existing asthma, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the relationship between SO2 exposure, asthma development, and bitter taste transduction was analyzed using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced and SO2-aggravated asthma models. The results showed that twenty-seven and twelve bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) were detectable in mouse trachea and lung, respectively, and that all of them were nearly down-regulated in OVA-induced BALB/c and C57BL/6 asthmatic mice. SO2 exposure alone did not trigger a distinct asthma-like phenotype, but the combination of SO2 and OVA allergen caused more severe asthma symptoms in mice including enhanced inflammatory cells infiltration, thickened airway walls, increased mucus secretion, and elevated expression of proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13). Furthermore, SO2 enhanced the transcriptional repression of Tas2rs in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. These results indicated that the occurrence of mice asthma was correlated with the inhibition of bitter taste transduction, and more severe airway inflammation and injury were accompanied with an enhanced inhibition of bitter taste transduction. Our findings suggest that SO2 inhalation may amplify Th2 inflammatory responses in the lung of asthmatic mice by inhibiting bitter taste transduction, and thereby exacerbate asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiuJuan Li
- School of Life Science, College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - HuiLan Yi
- School of Life Science, College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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99828
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Ma H, Wu Y, Lv R, Chi H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Liu H, Ma Y, Zhu L, Guo X, Kong J, Wu J, Xing C, Zhang X, Min L. Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase CYP703A2 plays a central role in sporopollenin formation and ms5ms6 fertility in cotton. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2009-2025. [PMID: 35929662 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The double-recessive genic male-sterile (ms) line ms5 ms6 has been used to develop cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids for many years, but its molecular-genetic basis has remained unclear. Here, we identified the Ms5 and Ms6 loci through map-based cloning and confirmed their function in male sterility through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Ms5 and Ms6 are highly expressed in stages 7-9 anthers and encode the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases CYP703A2-A and CYP703A2-D. The ms5 mutant carries a single-nucleotide C-to-T nonsense mutation leading to premature chain termination at amino acid 312 (GhCYP703A2-A312aa ), and ms6 carries three nonsynonymous substitutions (D98E, E168K, and G198R) and a synonymous mutation (L11L). Enzyme assays showed that GhCYP703A2 proteins hydroxylate fatty acids, and the ms5 (GhCYP703A2-A312aa ) and ms6 (GhCYP703A2-DD98E,E168K,G198R ) mutant proteins have decreased enzyme activities. Biochemical and lipidomic analyses showed that in ms5 ms6 plants, C12-C18 free fatty acid and phospholipid levels are significantly elevated in stages 7-9 anthers, while stages 8-10 anthers lack sporopollenin fluorescence around the pollen, causing microspore degradation and male sterility. Overall, our characterization uncovered functions of GhCYP703A2 in sporopollenin formation and fertility, providing guidance for creating male-sterile lines to facilitate hybrid cotton production and therefore exploit heterosis for improvement of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiling Lv
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Huabin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaozhu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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99829
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Xuan R, Zhao X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Du S, Duan Q, Guo Y, Ji Z, Chao T, Wang J. Characterization of long noncoding RNA in nonlactating goat mammary glands reveals their regulatory role in mammary cell involution and remodeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2158-2175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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99830
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Identification and molecular evolution of the La and LARP genes in 16 plant species: A focus on the Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1101-1117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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99831
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Guan X, Zhang B, Sun L. TNFR2 is a regulatory target of pol-miR-194a and promotes the antibacterial immunity of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104477. [PMID: 35752347 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory RNAs that modulate target gene expression after transcription. Pol-miR-194a had been reported to be a miRNA of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) involved in Edwardsiella tarda infection. Here, we identified tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) as a target gene of pol-miR-194a. Pol-miR-194a markedly repressed the protein expression of flounder TNFR2 (PoTNFR2) via specific interaction with the 3'UTR of PoTNFR2. PoTNFR2 responded to E. tarda infection in a manner that was opposite to that of pol-miR-194a and inhibited E. tarda invasion by activating the NF-κB pathway. Consistently, dysregulation of PoTNFR2 had a significant impact on E. tarda dissemination in flounder tissues. Together, these results add new insights into the regulation mechanism and immune function of fish TNFR2 and pol-miR-194a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Guan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baocun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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99832
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Kozub NO, Sozinov IO, Bidnyk HY, Demianova NO, Sozinova OI, Karelov AV, Borzykh OI, Blume YB. Identification of Genotypes with Recombinant Arm 1RS In Bread Wheat Segregating F5 Populations from Crosses Between Carriers of 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99833
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Disordered eating in early childhood: DRD4 and DAT1 gene polymorphisms and quality of mother-child interaction. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2605-2616. [PMID: 35508584 PMCID: PMC9556347 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eating disturbances are complex heritable conditions that can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors but are poorly studied in early development. The aim of this research was to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms within dopaminergic pathways with early feeding problems. METHODS We analyzed the presence of VNTR polymorphisms of DRD4 (rs1805186) and DAT1 (rs28363170) in overeating (N = 45), undereating (N = 48) and control (N = 44) young children. We also assessed presence of externalizing, internalizing and dysregulation symptoms by the Child Behavior Checklist and quality of mother-child interactions during feeding by the Italian adaptation of the Scale for the Assessment of Feeding Interaction, respectively. RESULTS Both polymorphisms were associated with children's eating behavior, psychological symptoms and quality of interaction with their mothers, suggesting that: (a) the DRD4 4-repeat allele behaves as a protective factor, the 2-repeats and 7-repeats alleles as risk factors, for undereating behavior, the general quality of mother-child interaction and internalizing, externalizing and dysregulated symptoms; and (b) the DAT1 9-repeats allele behaves as a protective factor, the 10-repeats allele as a risk factor, for overeating behavior, the general quality of mother-child interaction, internalizing, externalizing and dysregulated symptoms. Finally, a gene x gene interaction is suggested between the DAT1 9-repeat or 10-repeat allele and the DRD4 4-repeat allele. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role for DRD4 and DAT1 in an early susceptibility to eating disturbances. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III Evidence obtained from well-designed case-control analytic study.
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99834
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Lu H, Ping J, Zhou G, Zhao Z, Gao W, Jiang Y, Quan C, Lu Y, Zhou G. CommPath: An R package for inference and analysis of pathway-mediated cell-cell communication chain from single-cell transcriptomics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5978-5983. [PMID: 36382188 PMCID: PMC9647193 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics offers opportunities to investigate ligand-receptor (LR) interactions between heterogeneous cell populations within tissues. However, most existing tools for the inference of intercellular communication do not allow prioritization of functional LR associations that provoke certain biological responses in the receiver cells. In addition, current tools do not enable the identification of the impact on the downstream cell types of the receiver cells. We present CommPath, an open-source R package and webserver, to analyze and visualize the LR interactions and pathway-mediated intercellular communication chain with single-cell transcriptomic data. CommPath curates a comprehensive signaling pathway database to interpret the consequences of LR associations and therefore infers functional LR interactions. Furthermore, CommPath determines cell-cell communication chain by considering both the upstream and downstream cells of user-defined cell populations. Applying CommPath to human hepatocellular carcinoma dataset shows its ability to decipher complex LR interaction patterns and the associated intercellular communication chain, as well as their changes in disease versus homeostasis.
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99835
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Song B, Li X, Cao B, Zhang M, Korban SS, Yu L, Yang W, Zhao K, Li J, Wu J. An identical-by-descent segment harbors a 12-bp insertion determining fruit softening during domestication and speciation in Pyrus. BMC Biol 2022; 20:215. [PMID: 36183077 PMCID: PMC9526952 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the wild relatives of pear originated in southwest China, this fruit crop was independently domesticated and improved in Asia and Europe, and there are major phenotypic differences (e.g., maturity and fruit firmness) between Asian and European pears. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the genomes of 113 diverse pear accessions using an identity-by-descent (IBD) approach to investigate how historical gene flow has shaped fruit firmness traits in Asian and European pears. We found a 3-Mbp IBD-enriched region (IBD-ER) that has undergone "convergent domestication" in both the Asian and European pear lineages, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fruit firmness phenotypes strongly implicated the TRANSLOCON AT THE INNER CHLOROPLAST ENVELOPE55 (TIC55) locus within this 3-Mbp IBD-ER. Furthermore, we identified a tandem duplication that includes a 12-bp insertion located in the first exon of TIC55 that is uniquely present in Asian pears, and expression analysis showed that the pear TIC55 gene is highly expressed in Asian pear, while it is weakly or not expressed in European pear; this could contribute to the differences in fruit firmness between Asian and European pear fruits. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into how pear fruit softening has been impacted during domestication, and we identified candidate genes associated with fruit softening that can contribute to the breeding and improvement of pear and other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Song
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Present Address: Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Beibei Cao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Schuyler S Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Li'ang Yu
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Wenxi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kejiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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99836
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Luo H, Mipam T, Wu S, Xu C, Yi C, Zhao W, Chai Z, Chen X, Wu Z, Wang J, Wang J, Wang H, Zhong J, Cai X. DNA methylome of primary spermatocyte reveals epigenetic dysregulation associated with male sterility of cattleyak. Theriogenology 2022; 191:153-167. [PMID: 35988507 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA cytosine methylation modification in the germline is of particular importance since it is a highly heritable epigenetic mark. Although cytosine methylation has been analyzed at the genome-scale for several mammalian species, our knowledge of DNA methylation patterns and the mechanisms underlying male hybrid sterility is still limited in domestic animals such as cattleyak. Here we for the first time show the genome-wide and single-base resolution landscape of methylcytosines (mC) in the primary spermatocyte (PSC) genome of yak with normal spermatogenesis and the inter-specific hybrid cattleyak with male infertility. A comparative investigation revealed that widespread differences are observed in the composition and patterning of DNA cytosine methylation between the two methylomes. Global CG or non-CG DNA methylation levels, as well as the number of mC sites, are increased in cattleyak compared to yak. Notably, the DNA methylome in cattleyak PSC exhibits promoter hypermethylation of meiosis-specific genes and piRNA pathway genes with respect to yak. Furthermore, major retrotransposonson classes are predominantly hypermethylated in cattleyak while those are fully hypomethylated in yak. KEGG pathway enrichment indicates Rap1 signaling and MAPK pathways may play potential roles in the spermatogenic arrest of cattleyak. Our present study not only provides valuable insights into distinct features of the cattleyak PSC methylome but also paves the way toward elucidating the complex, yet highly coordinated epigenetic modification during male germline development for inter-specific hybrid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - TserangDonko Mipam
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixin Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanfei Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanping Yi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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99837
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Sánchez‐Ajofrín I, Peris‐Frau P, García‐Álvarez O, Fernández‐Santos MDR, Montoro V, Garde JJ, Soler AJ. Serum supplementation during in vitro fertilization of sheep oocytes influences blastocyst quality through the differential abundance of mRNA transcripts. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57 Suppl 5:68-71. [PMID: 35575960 PMCID: PMC9796288 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Incubation with estrous sheep serum (ESS) is required to induce in vitro capacitation of spermatozoa during in vitro fertilization of small ruminants. However, the effect of adding different serum concentrations in the fertilization media on the quality of resulting blastocysts has not yet been studied. Here, 298 sheep oocytes were co-incubated with capacitated spermatozoa with either 10% or 2% ESS. There were no differences between treatments in cleavage (10% ESS: 63.81 ± 5.87% and 2% ESS: 45.31 ± 5.87%) and blastocyst rates (10% ESS: 20.83 ± 2.12% and 2% ESS: 15.93 ± 2.12%). Nonetheless, in vitro-produced blastocysts from the 10% ESS treatment showed a higher transcript abundance of mRNAs involved in apoptosis (ITM2B and BCL2), antioxidant defence (GPX1) and growth-related imprinting (IGF2R). Our data suggest that ESS supplementation during in vitro fertilization can influence the quality of sheep embryos at later stages of development by increasing the transcription of developmentally important genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez‐Ajofrín
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA)UCLMCiudad RealSpain,SaBio IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM)ETSIAMAlbaceteSpain
| | - Patricia Peris‐Frau
- SaBio IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM)ETSIAMAlbaceteSpain,Department Animal Reproduction (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
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99838
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Si R, Pan D, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J. Regulation of the central melanocortin system on energy balance in mammals and birds. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102267. [PMID: 35752067 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) neurons promote feeding, while proopiomelanocortin/cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (POMC/CART) neurons and melanocortin receptor neurons inhibit feeding; these three types of neurons play vital roles in regulating feeding. The central melanocortin system composed of these neurons is critical for the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. It regulates energy intake and consumption by activating or inhibiting the activities of AgRP/NPY neurons and POMC/CART neurons and then affects the feeding behaviour of animals to maintain the energy balance. Meanwhile, organisms can also positively or negatively regulate energy homeostasis through the negative feedback of the neuron system. With further studies, understanding of the process and factors involved in the energy balance regulation of mammals and birds can be improved, which will provide a favourable scientific basis to reduce costs and improve meat production in production and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Si
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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99839
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Das R, Jakubowski MA, Spildener J, Cheng YW. Identification of Novel MET Exon 14 Skipping Variants in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Prototype Workflow Involving in Silico Prediction and RT-PCR. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194814. [PMID: 36230737 PMCID: PMC9563401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The MET exon 14 skipping (METex14) is an oncogenic driver mutation that provides a therapeutic opportunity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLCs) patients. This event often results from sequence changes at the MET canonical splicing sites. We characterize two novel non-canonical splicing site variants of MET that produce METex14. Materials and Methods: Two variants were identified in three advanced-stage NSCLC patients in a next-generation sequencing panel. The potential impact on splicing was predicted using in silico tools. METex14 mutation was confirmed using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and a Sanger sequencing analysis on RNA extracted from stained cytology smears. Results: The interrogated MET (RefSeq ID NM_000245.3) variants include a single nucleotide substitution, c.3028+3A>T, in intron 14 and a deletion mutation, c.3012_3028del, in exon 14. The in silico prediction analysis exhibited reduced splicing strength in both variants compared with the MET normal transcript. The RT-PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing analyses confirmed METex14 skipping in all three patients carrying these variants. Conclusion: This study reveals two non-canonical MET splice variants that cause exon 14 skipping, concurrently also proposes a clinical workflow for the classification of such non-canonical splicing site variants detected by routine DNA-based NGS test. It shows the usefulness of in silico prediction to identify potential METex14 driver mutation and exemplifies the opportunity of routine cytology slides for RNA-based testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu-Wei Cheng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-0757; Fax: +1-216-445-0681
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99840
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Jin Q, Gao G, Guo C, Yang T, Li G, Song J, Zheng N, Yin S, Yi L, Li Z, Ge X, King GJ, Wang J, Zhou G. Transposon insertions within alleles of BnaFT.A2 are associated with seasonal crop type in rapeseed. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3469-3483. [PMID: 35997786 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We identified two new transposon insertions within the promoter of BnaFT.A2 in addition to an existing 288 bp MITE within the second intron. Each insertion event corresponds to a distinct BnaFT.A2 haplotype and is closely associated with established crop seasonal ecotypes. Florigen, encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), plays key roles not only as a flowering hormone, but also a universal growth factor affecting several aspects of plant architecture. In rapeseed, BnaFT.A2 has been revealed as one of the major loci associated with flowering time and different ecotypes. However, it is unclear how allelic variations of BnaFT.A2 affect its function in flowering time regulation and beyond. In this study, we confirmed an existing 288 bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) insertion within the second intron and identified two new insertions within the promoter of BnaFT.A2-a 3971 bp CACTA and a 1079 bp Helitron. Each insertion event corresponds to a distinct BnaFT.A2 haplotype and is closely associated with established crop seasonal ecotypes. These alleles have similar tissue-specific expression patterns but discrete transcriptional patterns tightly associated with rapeseed flowering time and ecotype. RNAi lines and mutants of BnaFT.A2 flowered significantly later than controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), identified in transcriptomic profiling of seedling leaves from two loss-of-function mutants (Bnaft.a2-L1 and Bnaft.a2-L2) compared with controls, indicated significant enrichment for hormone metabolic genes and roles related to plant cell wall synthesis and photosynthesis. Plants with loss-of-function BnaFT.A2 had smaller leaves and lower net photosynthetic rate compared to controls. These findings not only further clarify the genetic basis of flowering time variation and ecotype formation in B. napus, but also provide an additional toolbox for genetic improvement of seasonal adaptation and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gengdong Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taihua Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ge Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jurong Song
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Na Zheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Licong Yi
- Cash Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, 321007, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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99841
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Tian L, Syed-Abdul MM, Stahel P, Lewis GF. Enteral glucose, absorbed and metabolized, potently enhances mesenteric lymph flow in chow- and high-fat-fed rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G331-G340. [PMID: 35916412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A portion of absorbed dietary triglycerides (TG) is retained in the intestine after the postprandial period, within intracellular and extracellular compartments. This pool of TG can be mobilized in response to several stimuli, including oral glucose. The objective of this study was to determine whether oral glucose must be absorbed and metabolized to mobilize TG in rats and whether high-fat feeding, a model of insulin resistance, alters the lipid mobilization response to glucose. Lymph flow, TG concentration, TG output, and apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) concentration and output were assessed after an intraduodenal lipid bolus in rats exposed to the following intraduodenal administrations 5 h later: saline (placebo), glucose, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG, absorbed but not metabolized), or glucose + phlorizin (intestinal glucose absorption inhibitor). Glucose alone, but not 2-DG or glucose + phlorizin treatments, stimulated lymph flow, TG output, and apoB48 output compared with placebo. The effects of glucose in high-fat-fed rats were similar to those in chow-fed rats. In conclusion, glucose must be both absorbed and metabolized to enhance lymph flow and intestinal lipid mobilization. This effect is qualitatively and quantitatively similar in high-fat- and chow-fed rats. The precise signaling mechanism whereby enteral glucose enhances lymph flow and mobilizes enteral lipid remains to be determined.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucose potently enhances mesenteric lymph flow in chow- and high-fat-fed rats. The magnitude of glucose effect on lymph flow is no different in chow- and high-fat-fed rats. Glucose must be absorbed and metabolized to enhance lymph flow and mobilize intestinal lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priska Stahel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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99842
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Bonadonna P, Nalin F, Olivieri F. Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:277-282. [PMID: 35942852 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss our evolving knowledge about the genetic variations in human tryptase and recent advances in associated clinical phenotypes. RECENT FINDINGS Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HAT) is an autosomal dominant genetic trait and a common cause of elevated basal serum tryptase (BST) in Western populations. It is a risk factor for severe anaphylaxis and an established modifier of mast cell mediator-associated symptoms among patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). SUMMARY The unique properties of naturally occurring alpha/beta-tryptase heterotetramers may explain certain elements of phenotypes associated with HAT. Understanding the physiology of tryptases and how this may relate to the clinical features associated with HAT is the first step in identifying optimal medical management and targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonadonna
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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99843
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Mtshali Z, Govender N, Naicker T. Circulating levels of transforming growth factor beta-1, 2 and 3 in HIV associated preeclamptic pregnancies. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2853-2859. [PMID: 36006052 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The active role of transforming growth factor-beta in implantation, embryonic development and decidualization has driven our interest to evaluate circulating TGF-β(1-3) in the synergy of HIV associated pregnancy. Serum TGF-β(1-3) was quantified in normotensive (n = 38) and preeclamptic (n = 38) pregnant women, who were stratified by HIV status, HIV negative (n = 19) and HIV positive (n = 19), using a Bioplex immunoassay.Based on HIV status, we report no significant difference in TGF-β-1 (p = .95) and TGF-β2 (p = .80) however, TGF-β3 was significantly downregulated in HIV positive (p = .03) vs the HIV negative groups. A significant positive correlation (p < .05) was noted between TGF-β3 and gestational age (p = .03) (r = 0.51), birth weight (p = .04) (r = 0.53) and CD4 count (p = .02) (r = 0.53). Bivariate correlation between isoforms based on HIV status showed several significant positive associations. In the synergy of HIV infected PE, we demonstrate an association between TGF-β(1-3) with PE emanating from the hypoxic microenvironment that affects receptor-SMAD activity. Decreased TGF-β3 levels in HIV infected PE, may originate from ARV usage and/or the mutational/physiological dysregulation of SMAD expression. Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? TGF-β overexpression can convert its protective functions into pathogenic variants. It has a significant role in the oxidatively stressed and inflammatory condition of tissue fibrosis and hence may also be dysregulated in the microenvironment of PE. In HIV infection, TGF-β promotes viral replication and spreading through the induction of cellular proteins which induce TGF-β production. Also, mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV also produce increased TGF-β mRNA and proteins.What do the results of the study add? Our results show no association of TGF-β isoforms (1-3) based on pregnancy type (PE vs normotensive pregnant) at term. The lack of association may be linked to TGF-βs dual promoter/suppresser nature or to gestational age.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Large-scale comprehensive clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the association and mechanistic role of TGF-β receptor-SMAD signalling, the effect of its inhibitors on cell invasion and angiogenesis as well as to deliver valuable data for the detection of novel therapeutic agents in pregnancies complicated by HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamahlabangane Mtshali
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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99844
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Chandran M, Yeh LTL, de Jong MC, Bilezikian JP, Parameswaran R. Cognitive deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism - what we know and what we do not know: A narrative review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1079-1087. [PMID: 35994179 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Classic symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are seen in approximately 20% of patients. While features such as kidney stones and skeletal disease are often highlighted as directly related to the disease, others can be even more prevalent. For example, cognitive dysfunction and reduced quality of life are common complaints in many patients, even among those who are classified as being asymptomatic. The pathophysiology of PHPT involves the impact of excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) on calcium metabolism. Referencing putative neurocognitive issues, many animal studies have illustrated the potential roles of PTH and PTH receptors in the brain. Functional imaging and pre-and post-parathyroidectomy studies have suggested a link between the neuronal impact of elevated PTH levels on specific functional aspects of the central nervous system, such as cognition. Confounding a direct role for PTH are hypercalcemia and vitamin D deficiency, both of which could conceivably alter CNS function in PHPT. The lack of strong evidence that parathyroidectomy improves cognition in patients with PHPT raises the question as to whether parathyroid surgery should be recommended on this basis alone. This narrative review summarizes the available literature on neurocognitive function in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lydia Tan Li Yeh
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mechteld C de Jong
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital System, Singapore, Singapore
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99845
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Schanda JE, Heher P, Weigl M, Drechsler S, Schädl B, Prueller J, Kocijan R, Heuberer PR, Hackl M, Muschitz C, Grillari J, Redl H, Feichtinger X, Fialka C, Mittermayr R. Muscle-Specific Micro-Ribonucleic Acids miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-133b Reflect Muscle Regeneration After Single-Dose Zoledronic Acid Following Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rodent Chronic Defect Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3355-3367. [PMID: 36053026 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoledronic acid improves bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties after chronic rotator cuff repair (RCR) in rats. Besides the positive effects of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture, bisphosphonates have positive effects on skeletal muscle function. PURPOSES/HYPOTHESIS The purposes of this study were to (1) longitudinally evaluate circulating bone- and muscle-specific serum micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and (2) investigate supraspinatus muscle tissue after tenotomy and delayed RCR in a rat model. It was hypothesized that zoledronic acid would improve muscle regeneration after chronic RCR in rats. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral (left) supraspinatus tenotomy (time point 1) with delayed transosseous RCR after 3 weeks (time point 2). All rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after RCR (time point 3). Animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One day after RCR, the control group was given 1 mL of subcutaneous saline solution, and the intervention group was treated with a subcutaneous single-dose of 100 µg/kg body weight of zoledronic acid. All 34 study animals underwent miRNA analysis at all 3 time points. In 4 animals of each group, histological analyses as well as gene expression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Circulating miRNAs showed significantly different expressions between both study groups. In the control group, a significant downregulation was observed for muscle-specific miR-1-3p (P = .004), miR-133a-3p (P < .001), and miR-133b (P < .001). Histological analyses showed significantly higher rates of regenerating myofibers on the operated side (left) of both study groups compared with the nonoperated side (right; P = .002). On the nonoperated side, significantly higher rates of regenerating myofibers were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group (P = .031). The myofiber cross-sectional area revealed significantly smaller myofibers on both sides within the intervention group compared with both sides of the control group (P < .001). Within the intervention group, significantly higher expression levels of muscle development/regeneration marker genes embryonal Myosin heavy chain (P = .017) and neonatal Myosin heavy chain (P = .016) were observed on the nonoperated side compared with the operated side. CONCLUSION An adjuvant single-dose of zoledronic acid after RCR in a chronic defect model in rats led to significant differences in bone- and muscle-specific miRNA levels. Therefore, miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-133b might be used as biomarkers for muscle regeneration after RCR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adjuvant treatment with zoledronic acid may improve muscle regeneration after chronic RCR in humans, thus counteracting fatty muscle infiltration and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Schanda
- AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, Department for Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Heher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Weigl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; TAmiRNA GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Prueller
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Kocijan
- Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Medical Department I, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Faculty for Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Christian Muschitz
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II, VINFORCE, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Science [BOKU], Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xaver Feichtinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Fialka
- AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, Department for Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Faculty for Medicine, Department for Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Mittermayr
- AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, Department for Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Investigation performed at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
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99846
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Romeo S, Valenti L. African genetic ancestry and protection against fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2022; 42:2122-2123. [PMID: 36038991 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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99847
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Wang H, Li J, Liu J, Leng J, Li W, Yu Z, Tam CHT, Hu G, Ma RCW, Fang Z, Wang Y, Yang X. Interactions of CDKAL1 rs7747752 polymorphism and serum levels of L-carnitine and choline are related to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:14. [PMID: 36183068 PMCID: PMC9526259 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to examine interactive effects of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein1-like 1(CDKAL1) rs7747752 polymorphism with low serum levels of L-carnitine, choline, and betaine for GDM. METHODS A nested case-control study of 207 GDM women and their one-to-one, age-matched controls was organized from a prospective cohort of pregnant women in Tianjin, China. Conditional logistic regressions were used to test associations between CDKAL1 rs7747752 and serum levels of L-carnitine, choline, and betaine, and the risk of GDM. Additive interactions were performed to examine interactive effects of rs7747752 and low serum levels of L-carnitine, choline, and betaine on the risk of GDM. RESULTS The CDKAL1 rs7747752 G > C was associated with GDM in additive, dominant, and recessive model (P <0.05). The rs7747752 CC genotype enhanced the OR of L-carnitine ≤ vs. > 150 nmol/mL for GDM from 6.14 (2.61-14.4) to 19.6 (5.65-68.1) and the OR of choline ≤ vs. > 110 nmol/mL from 2.37 (1.07-5.28) to 12.1 (3.22-45.6), with significant additive interactions. Similarly, CG genotype also enhanced the OR of L-carnitine ≤ vs. > 150 nmol/mL for GDM from 4.70 (2.01-11.0) to 11.4 (3.98-32.9), with a significant additive interaction. However, the additive interaction between rs7747752 and betaine ≤ 200 nmol/mL on the risk of GDM was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The CC or CG genotype carriers in rs7747752 of CDKAL1 who have a low serum level of L-carnitine or choline are at a particular high risk of GDM. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to test the effect of supplement of L-carnitine or choline on the risk of GDM in the high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Jinnan Liu
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, 300041 China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, 300041 China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Claudia H. T. Tam
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Gang Hu
- grid.250514.70000 0001 2159 6024Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 USA
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Scientific Research Platform of the Second School of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Technology in Stomatology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong China
| | - Xilin Yang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
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99848
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Galasso M, Dalla Pozza E, Chignola R, Gambino S, Cavallini C, Quaglia FM, Lovato O, Dando I, Malpeli G, Krampera M, Donadelli M, Romanelli MG, Scupoli MT. The rs1001179 SNP and CpG methylation regulate catalase expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:521. [PMID: 36112236 PMCID: PMC9481481 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease characterized by an extremely variable clinical course. We have recently shown that high catalase (CAT) expression identifies patients with an aggressive clinical course. Elucidating mechanisms regulating CAT expression in CLL is preeminent to understand disease mechanisms and develop strategies for improving its clinical management. In this study, we investigated the role of the CAT promoter rs1001179 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and of the CpG Island II methylation encompassing this SNP in the regulation of CAT expression in CLL. Leukemic cells harboring the rs1001179 SNP T allele exhibited a significantly higher CAT expression compared with cells bearing the CC genotype. CAT promoter harboring the T -but not C- allele was accessible to ETS-1 and GR-β transcription factors. Moreover, CLL cells exhibited lower methylation levels than normal B cells, in line with the higher CAT mRNA and protein expressed by CLL in comparison with normal B cells. Methylation levels at specific CpG sites negatively correlated with CAT levels in CLL cells. Inhibition of methyltransferase activity induced a significant increase in CAT levels, thus functionally validating the role of CpG methylation in regulating CAT expression in CLL. Finally, the CT/TT genotypes were associated with lower methylation and higher CAT levels, suggesting that the rs1001179 T allele and CpG methylation may interact in regulating CAT expression in CLL. This study identifies genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying differential expression of CAT, which could be of crucial relevance for the development of therapies targeting redox regulatory pathways in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Galasso
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Gambino
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Research Center LURM, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Quaglia
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Ornella Lovato
- Research Center LURM, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Malpeli
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria G Romanelli
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria T Scupoli
- Biology and Genetics Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
- Research Center LURM, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P. L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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99849
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Kim M, Wang S, Jiang X, Harmanci A. SVAT: Secure outsourcing of variant annotation and genotype aggregation. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:409. [PMID: 36182914 PMCID: PMC9526274 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sequencing of thousands of samples provides genetic variants with allele frequencies spanning a very large spectrum and gives invaluable insight into genetic determinants of diseases. Protecting the genetic privacy of participants is challenging as only a few rare variants can easily re-identify an individual among millions. In certain cases, there are policy barriers against sharing genetic data from indigenous populations and stigmatizing conditions. Results We present SVAT, a method for secure outsourcing of variant annotation and aggregation, which are two basic steps in variant interpretation and detection of causal variants. SVAT uses homomorphic encryption to encrypt the data at the client-side. The data always stays encrypted while it is stored, in-transit, and most importantly while it is analyzed. SVAT makes use of a vectorized data representation to convert annotation and aggregation into efficient vectorized operations in a single framework. Also, SVAT utilizes a secure re-encryption approach so that multiple disparate genotype datasets can be combined for federated aggregation and secure computation of allele frequencies on the aggregated dataset. Conclusions Overall, SVAT provides a secure, flexible, and practical framework for privacy-aware outsourcing of annotation, filtering, and aggregation of genetic variants. SVAT is publicly available for download from https://github.com/harmancilab/SVAT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04959-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence For hEalthcare (SAFE), School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arif Harmanci
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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99850
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Plomin R, Viding E. Commentary: Will genomics revolutionise research on gene-environment interplay? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1214-1218. [PMID: 36005740 PMCID: PMC9804537 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of quantitative genetics and molecular genetics is transforming research in the behavioural sciences. The ability to measure inherited DNA differences directly has led to polygenic scores and to new methods to estimate heritability and genetic correlations. This issue provides examples of how these advances can be appllied to research on gene-environment interplay in developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Plomin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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