99901
|
Antiviral CD19 +CD27 + Memory B Cells Are Associated with Protection from Recurrent Asymptomatic Ocular Herpesvirus Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0205721. [PMID: 34985998 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02057-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) from latently infected neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) leads to blinding recurrent herpetic disease in symptomatic (SYMP) individuals. Although the role of T cells in herpes immunity seen in asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals is heavily explored, the role of B cells is less investigated. In the present study, we evaluated whether B cells are associated with protective immunity against recurrent ocular herpes. The frequencies of circulating HSV-specific memory B cells and of memory follicular helper T cells (CD4+ Tfh cells), which help B cells produce antibodies, were compared between HSV-1-infected SYMP and ASYMP individuals. The levels of IgG/IgA and neutralizing antibodies were compared in SYMP and ASYMP individuals. We found that (i) the ASYMP individuals had increased frequencies of HSV-specific CD19+CD27+ memory B cells, and (ii) high frequencies of HSV-specific switched IgG+CD19+CD27+ memory B cells detected in ASYMP individuals were directly proportional to high frequencies of CD45R0+CXCR5+CD4+ memory Tfh cells. However, no differences were detected in the level of HSV-specific IgG/IgA antibodies in SYMP and ASYMP individuals. Using the UV-B-induced HSV-1 reactivation mouse model, we found increased frequencies of HSV-specific antibody-secreting plasma HSV-1 gD+CD138+ B cells within the TG and circulation of ASYMP mice compared to those of SYMP mice. In contrast, no significant differences in the frequencies of B cells were found in the cornea, spleen, and bone-marrow. Our findings suggest that circulating antibody-producing HSV-specific memory B cells recruited locally to the TG may contribute to protection from symptomatic recurrent ocular herpes. IMPORTANCE Reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) from latently infected neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) leads to blinding recurrent herpetic disease in symptomatic (SYMP) individuals. Although the role of T cells in herpes immunity against blinding recurrent herpetic disease is heavily explored, the role of B cells is less investigated. In the present study, we found that in both asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals and ASYMP mice, there were increased frequencies of HSV-specific memory B cells that were directly proportional to high frequencies of memory Tfh cells. Moreover, following UV-B-induced reactivation, we found increased frequencies of HSV-specific antibody-secreting plasma B cells within the TG and circulation of ASYMP mice compared to those of SYMP mice. Our findings suggest that circulating antibody-producing HSV-specific memory B cells recruited locally to the TG may contribute to protection from recurrent ocular herpes.
Collapse
|
99902
|
Bravo Iniguez A, Tian Q, Du M, Zhu MJ. Alpha-Ketoglutarate Promotes Goblet Cell Differentiation and Alters Urea Cycle Metabolites in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061148. [PMID: 35334805 PMCID: PMC8951758 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG), shows promise as an approach for ameliorating colitis, but much remains unknown about the full extent of its effects on the metabolome and mucosal barrier. To further elucidate this matter, C57BL/6 male mice received drinking water with or without 1% aKG for three weeks, then were subjected to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction for 7 days followed by 7 days of recovery. Cecal content and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed for changes in metabolite profile and signaling pathways. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics revealed a separation between the metabolome of mice treated with or without aKG; putrescine and glycine were significantly increased; and ornithine and amide products, oleamide and urea were significantly decreased. Based on a pathway analysis, aKG treatment induced metabolite changes and enriched glutathione metabolism and the urea cycle. Additionally, signaling pathways committing epithelial cells to the secretory lineage were elevated in aKG-treated mice. Consistently, aKG supplementation increased goblet cells staining, mRNA expression of mucin 2, and, trefoil factor 3 and Krüppel-like factor 4, markers of goblet cell differentiation. These data suggest the ameliorating the effects of aKG against chemically induced colitis involves a reduction in harmful metabolites and the promotion of goblet cell differentiation, resulting in a more-fortified mucus layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bravo Iniguez
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.B.I.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qiyu Tian
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.B.I.); (Q.T.)
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.B.I.); (Q.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-509-335-4016
| |
Collapse
|
99903
|
Cabral-Marques O, Halpert G, Schimke LF, Ostrinski Y, Vojdani A, Baiocchi GC, Freire PP, Filgueiras IS, Zyskind I, Lattin MT, Tran F, Schreiber S, Marques AHC, Plaça DR, Fonseca DLM, Humrich JY, Müller A, Giil LM, Graßhoff H, Schumann A, Hackel A, Junker J, Meyer C, Ochs HD, Lavi YB, Scheibenbogen C, Dechend R, Jurisica I, Schulze-Forster K, Silverberg JI, Amital H, Zimmerman J, Heidecke H, Rosenberg AZ, Riemekasten G, Shoenfeld Y. Autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and RAS-related molecules associate with COVID-19 severity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1220. [PMID: 35264564 PMCID: PMC8907309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 shares the feature of autoantibody production with systemic autoimmune diseases. In order to understand the role of these immune globulins in the pathogenesis of the disease, it is important to explore the autoantibody spectra. Here we show, by a cross-sectional study of 246 individuals, that autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and RAS-related molecules associate with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Patients with moderate and severe disease are characterized by higher autoantibody levels than healthy controls and those with mild COVID-19 disease. Among the anti-GPCR autoantibodies, machine learning classification identifies the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the RAS-related molecule AGTR1 as targets for antibodies with the strongest association to disease severity. Besides antibody levels, autoantibody network signatures are also changing in patients with intermediate or high disease severity. Although our current and previous studies identify anti-GPCR antibodies as natural components of human biology, their production is deregulated in COVID-19 and their level and pattern alterations might predict COVID-19 disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gilad Halpert
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuri Ostrinski
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Department of Immunology, Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC 2602S. 24th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85034, USA
| | - Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Israel Zyskind
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Miriam T Lattin
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, Manhatten, NY, USA
| | - Florian Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandre H C Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Desirée Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Antje Müller
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lasse M Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanna Graßhoff
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Schumann
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Hackel
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juliane Junker
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Carlotta Meyer
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yael Bublil Lavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration of Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin, and HELIOS Clinic, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN; Data Science Discovery Centre, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kai Schulze-Forster
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Howard Amital
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Harry Heidecke
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
99904
|
Harford TJ, Rezaee F, Dye BR, Fan J, Spence JR, Piedimonte G. RSV-induced changes in a 3-dimensional organoid model of human fetal lungs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265094. [PMID: 35263387 PMCID: PMC8906588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can spread hematogenously from infected airways of a pregnant woman to the developing fetal lungs in utero. This study sought to measure RSV replication, cytopathic effects, and protein expression in human lung organoids (HLOs) reproducing architecture and transcriptional profiles of human fetal lungs during the 1st trimester of gestation. HLOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells were microinjected after 50 or 100 days in culture with medium or recombinant RSV-A2 expressing the red fluorescent protein gene (rrRSV). Infection was monitored by fluorescent microscopy and PCR. Immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis were performed. RSV infected HLOs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RSV-infected HLOs increased expression of CC10 (Club cells), but had sparse FOXJ1 (ciliated cells). Disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton was consistent with proteomic data showing a significant increase in Rho GTPases proteins. RSV upregulated the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and, while β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) expression was decreased overall, its phosphorylated form increased. Our data suggest that prenatal RSV infection produces profound changes in fetal lungs' architecture and expression profiles and maybe an essential precursor of chronic airway dysfunction. expression profiles, and possibly be an important precursor of chronic airway dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri J. Harford
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Briana R. Dye
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
99905
|
Short-Term Fasting Synergizes with Solid Cancer Therapy by Boosting Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061390. [PMID: 35326541 PMCID: PMC8946179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stimulating our body’s own immune response to fight cancer is important for the success of cancer treatment in general. To further improve current cancer therapy, preclinical research shows that short-term fasting diets enhance cancer therapy efficacy, such as chemotherapy. Short-term fasting diets are low-caloric and low in protein for 3–5 days; they are usually done every couple of weeks. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence of fasting diets synergizing with cancer therapy by boosting antitumor immunity. Abstract Short-term fasting (STF), using a low caloric, low protein fasting mimicking diet (FMD), appears to be a promising strategy to enhance chemotherapy-based cancer efficacy, while potentially alleviating toxicity. Preclinical results suggest that enhanced tumor immunity and decreased growth signaling, via lowering of circulating insulin and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels form the potential underlying mechanisms. STF may boost anti-tumor responses by promoting tumor immunogenicity and decreasing local immunosuppression. These findings warrant further studies focused on the combination of STF, not only with chemotherapy, but also with immunotherapy to evaluate the full range of benefits of STF in cancer treatment. Here, we delineate the underlying anticancer mechanisms of fasting. We summarize preclinical evidence of STF boosting antitumor immunity and alleviating immunosuppression, as well as the clinical findings reporting the immunomodulatory effects of STF during various cancer treatments, including immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
99906
|
Pretreatment tumour immune microenvironment predicts clinical response and prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy setting. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:606-614. [PMID: 34782748 PMCID: PMC8854605 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the relationship between the tumour microenvironment and the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with cT2-4aN0M0 bladder cancer using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry. METHODS The study retrospectively evaluated 51 patients who underwent radical cystectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for cT2-4aN0M0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patients were divided into responders (<pT2) and non-responders (≥pT2). We assessed the density of each immune cell type in intratumoural and peritumoural areas in both groups via multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The median age was 69 years; 39 patients were male. Twelve (23.5%), 17 (33.3%), 10 (19.7%) and 12 (23.5%) patients were pT0, pT1, pT2 and ≥pT3, respectively. Responders had a significantly higher 5-year cancer-specific survival rate (96.6%) than non-responders (48.4%; p = 0.0018). CD8+ T cell (p = 0.0056) and CD204+ cell (p = 0.0394) densities were significantly higher in the intratumoural area in non-responders than in responders. Patients with higher CD204+ cell densities in cancerous areas had worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis of the immune microenvironment of a muscle-invasive bladder cancer specimen revealed that preexisting tumour-infiltrating proliferating CD8+ T cells and CD204+ cells are indicators of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and that CD204+ cells can be considered an unfavourable prognostic factor in these patients.
Collapse
|
99907
|
Kasherman L, Siu DHW, Woodford R, Harris CA. Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1406. [PMID: 35326557 PMCID: PMC8946206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors have been adopted into the standard armamentarium of therapies for advanced-stage renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but more recently, combination regimens with immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated better outcomes. Despite this, the majority of affected patients still eventually experience progressive disease due to therapeutic resistance mechanisms, and there remains a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. This article will review the synergistic mechanisms behind angiogenesis and immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment and discuss the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for both clear-cell and non-clear-cell RCC, exploring opportunities for future growth in this exciting area of drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kasherman
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (D.H.W.S.); (R.W.); (C.A.H.)
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical Schools, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Derrick Ho Wai Siu
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (D.H.W.S.); (R.W.); (C.A.H.)
- National Health Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Rachel Woodford
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (D.H.W.S.); (R.W.); (C.A.H.)
- Faculty of Medciine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carole A. Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (D.H.W.S.); (R.W.); (C.A.H.)
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical Schools, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
99908
|
Zhao J, You X, Zeng X. Research progress of BK virus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:522-531. [PMID: 35264023 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which patients are often infected by viruses due to deficient immunity or immunosuppressant use. BK virus (BKV)mainly affects the kidney and can also cause multiple organ involvement throughout the body, which is similar to SLE. BKV is mostly a latent infection in vivo. The incidence of virus reactivation is higher in SLE patients. Reactivation of BKV can induce the production of autoantibodies, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of SLE.Purpose: Aim of this article is to review the prevalence and pathegenesis of BKV infection in SLE patients.Method: The literature search was conducted using four different databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science.Results: BK virus is higher infection and reactivation in SLE patients. The "hapten carrier" mechanism may lead to the production of autoantibodies. Some immunosuppressive drugs, like leflumide and hydroxychloroquine, may show a protective effect.Conclusions: BKV infection plays a role in the occurrence and development of SLE, and its significance deserves further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 34732Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 34732Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 34732Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
99909
|
The genetics behind inflammasome regulation. Mol Immunol 2022; 145:27-42. [PMID: 35278849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiproteic complex that promotes proinflammatory events through the release of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and in some context by the induction of a lytic cell death called pyroptosis, in response to damage, infections, or changes in the homeostasis. Due to the powerful inflammatory effect, there are several regulatory mechanisms that are essential to modulate or limit the activation of the inflammasome. When these mechanisms fail, the deregulation of the complex leads or contributes to the development of a plethora of diseases characterized by constitutive and/or chronic inflammation, such as autoinflammatory, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases, cancer, or even severe complications of infectious diseases. Either environmental or genetic factors may affect the threshold and/or the level of inflammasome activation, such as hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, auto-antibodies, unfolded proteins and fibrils, or individual genetic variants in genes coding for inflammasome receptors or effector molecules, and also in regulators. While the genetics of inflammasome itself has been elsewhere characterized and also recently reviewed by our group, less is known about how genetic variants in regulatory molecules could affect inflammatory diseases. Therefore in this work, we selected a group of known or possible regulators of the inflammasome, and through the review of genetic association studies we tried to depict the contribution of these regulators in the development of multifactorial diseases.
Collapse
|
99910
|
Kondratieva E, Majorov K, Grigorov A, Skvortsova Y, Kondratieva T, Rubakova E, Linge I, Azhikina T, Apt A. An In Vivo Model of Separate M. tuberculosis Phagocytosis by Neutrophils and Macrophages: Gene Expression Profiles in the Parasite and Disease Development in the Mouse Host. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062961. [PMID: 35328388 PMCID: PMC8954342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection remains less well studied compared to that of the CD4+ T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Thus, alterations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcription profile following phagocytosis by neutrophils and how these shifts differ from those caused by macrophage phagocytosis remain unknown. We developed a mouse model that allows obtaining large amounts of either neutrophils or macrophages infected in vivo with M. tuberculosis for mycobacteria isolation in quantities sufficient for the whole genome RNA sequencing and aerosol challenge of mice. Here, we present: (i) the differences in transcription profiles of mycobacteria isolated from liquid cultures, neutrophils and macrophages infected in vivo; (ii) phenotypes of infection and lung inflammation (life span, colony forming units (CFU) counts in organs, lung pathology, immune cells infiltration and cytokine production) in genetically TB-susceptible mice identically infected via respiratory tract with neutrophil-passaged (NP), macrophage-passaged (MP) and conventionally prepared (CP) mycobacteria. Two-hour residence within neutrophils caused transcriptome shifts consistent with mycobacterial transition to dormancy and diminished their capacity to attract immune cells to infected lung tissue. Mycobacterial multiplication in organs did not depend upon pre-phagocytosis, whilst survival time of infected mice was shorter in the group infected with NP bacilli. We also discuss possible reasons for these phenotypic divergences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kondratieva
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Research TB Institute, 107564 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (K.M.); (T.K.); (E.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Konstantin Majorov
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Research TB Institute, 107564 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (K.M.); (T.K.); (E.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Artem Grigorov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (Y.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Yulia Skvortsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (Y.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Tatiana Kondratieva
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Research TB Institute, 107564 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (K.M.); (T.K.); (E.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Elvira Rubakova
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Research TB Institute, 107564 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (K.M.); (T.K.); (E.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Irina Linge
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Research TB Institute, 107564 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (K.M.); (T.K.); (E.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Tatyana Azhikina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (Y.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Alexander Apt
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Research TB Institute, 107564 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (K.M.); (T.K.); (E.R.); (I.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
99911
|
Boz V, Zanchi C, Levantino L, Riccio G, Tommasini A. Druggable monogenic immune defects hidden in diverse medical specialties: Focus on overlap syndromes. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:136-150. [PMID: 35433297 PMCID: PMC8985491 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades two new paradigms changed our way of perceiving primary immunodeficiencies: An increasing number of immune defects are more associated with inflammatory or autoimmune features rather than with infections. Some primary immune defects are due to hyperactive pathways that can be targeted by specific inhibitors, providing innovative precision treatments that can change the natural history of diseases. In this article we review some of these “druggable” inborn errors of immunity and describe how they can be suspected and diagnosed in diverse pediatric and adult medicine specialties. Since the availability of precision treatments can dramatically impact the course of these diseases, preventing the development of organ damage, it is crucial to widen the awareness of these conditions and to provide practical hints for a prompt detection and cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boz
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Laura Levantino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Riccio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
99912
|
Silicon Nitride-Based Micro-Apertures Coated with Parylene for the Investigation of Pore Proteins Fused in Free-Standing Lipid Bilayers. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030309. [PMID: 35323784 PMCID: PMC8954132 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a microsystem setup for performing sensitive biological membrane translocation measurements. Thin free-standing synthetic bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) were constructed in microfabricated silicon nitride apertures (<100 µm in diameter), conformal coated with Parylene (Parylene-C or Parylene-AF4). Within these BLMs, electrophysiological measurements were conducted to monitor the behavior of different pore proteins. Two approaches to integrate pore-forming proteins into the membrane were applied: direct reconstitution and reconstitution via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Gram-negative bacteria. The advantage of utilizing OMVs is that the pore proteins remain in their native lipid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) environment, representing a more natural state compared to the usage of fused purified pore proteins. Multiple aperture chips can be easily assembled in the 3d-printed holder to conduct parallel membrane transport investigations. Moreover, well defined microfabricated apertures are achievable with very high reproducibility. The presented microsystem allows the investigation of fast gating events (down to 1 ms), pore blocking by an antibiotic, and gating events of small pores (amplitude of approx. 3 pA).
Collapse
|
99913
|
Ubiquitination of Receptorsomes, Frontline of Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062937. [PMID: 35328358 PMCID: PMC8948693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile plants are constantly exposed to myriads of unfavorable invading organisms with different lifestyles. To survive, plants have evolved plasma membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to initiate sophisticated downstream immune responses. Ubiquitination serves as one of the most important and prevalent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to fine-tune plant immune responses. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in delineating the critical roles of ubiquitination in plant immunity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of ubiquitination in the modulation of plant immunity, with a particular focus on ubiquitination in the regulation of receptorsomes, and discuss how ubiquitination and other PTMs act in concert to ensure rapid, proper, and robust immune responses.
Collapse
|
99914
|
Zveik O, Fainstein N, Rechtman A, Haham N, Ganz T, Lavon I, Brill L, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Cerebrospinal fluid of progressive multiple sclerosis patients reduces differentiation and immune functions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Glia 2022; 70:1191-1209. [PMID: 35266197 PMCID: PMC9314832 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination is not always successful, and the mechanisms differentiating successful from failed remyelination are not well‐known. Growing evidence suggests an immune role for OPCs, in addition to their regenerative role; however, it is not clear if this helps or hinders the regenerative process. We studied the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing MS (rMS) and progressive MS (pMS) patients on primary OPC differentiation and immune gene expression and function. We observed that CSF from either rMS or pMS patients has a differential effect on the ability of mice OPCs to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and to express immune functions. CSF of pMS patients impaired differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, it led to decreased major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)‐II expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α secretion, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB) activation, and less activation and proliferation of T cells. Our findings suggest that OPCs are not only responsible for remyelination, but they may also play an active role as innate immune cells in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitzan Haham
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Lavon
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Livnat Brill
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
99915
|
Sun G, Qiu L, Yu L, An Y, Ding Y, Zhou L, Wu J, Yang X, Zhang Z, Tang X, Xia H, Cao L, You F, Zhao X, Du H. Loss of Function Mutation in ELF4 Causes Autoinflammatory and Immunodeficiency Disease in Human. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:798-810. [PMID: 35266071 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (mAIDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting primarily innate immunity, with various genetic causes. Genetic diagnosis of mAIDs can assist in the patient's management and therapy. However, a large number of sporadic and familial cases remain genetically uncharacterized. Deficiency in ELF4, X-linked (DEX) is recently identified as a novel mAID. Here, we described a pediatric patient suffering from recurrent viral and bacterial respiratory infection, refractory oral ulcer, constipation, and arthritis. Whole-exome sequencing found a hemizygous variant in ELF4 (chrX:129205133 A > G, c.691 T > C, p.W231R). Using cells from patient and point mutation mice, we showed mutant cells failed to restrict viral replication effectively and produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines. RNA-seq identified several potential critical antiviral and anti-inflammation genes with decreased expression, and ChIP-qPCR assay suggested mutant ELF4 failed to bind to the promoters of these genes. Thus, we presented the second report of DEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyao Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huawei Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Fuping You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hongqiang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99916
|
COVID-19 Vaccination Limits Systemic Danger Signals in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030565. [PMID: 35336973 PMCID: PMC8949226 DOI: 10.3390/v14030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine determines not only a consistent reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection but also contributes to disease attenuation in infected people. Of note, hyperinflammation and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been clearly associated with severe illness and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. In this report, we revealed a significant reduction in the levels of IL-1ß and DAMPs molecules, as S100A8 and High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1), in vaccinated patients as compared to non-vaccinated ones. COVID-19 vaccination indeed prevents severe clinical manifestations in patients and limits the release of systemic danger signals in SARS-CoV-2 infected people.
Collapse
|
99917
|
Tsai FY, Schillok H, Coenen M, Merkel C, Jung-Sievers C. The Well-Being of the German Adult Population Measured with the WHO-5 over Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063236. [PMID: 35328923 PMCID: PMC8955618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the subjective well-being (SWB) and suspected depression measured with WHO-5 among German adults during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were analyzed from the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which collected data from 972, 1013, and 973 participants in time point 1 (19–20 May 2020), time point 2 (15–16 September 2020), and time point 3 (21–22 December 2020), respectively. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses to identify the factors associated with suspected depression (WHO-5 ≤ 50) were conducted. Data showed that the mean WHO-5 scores in three time points were 56.17, 57.27, and 53.93, respectively. The risk of suspected depression was increased by about 1.5 times for females, 2.5–3 times among 18–24 year-olds compared to ages above 65 years, 1.5 times for singles, 2 times for those with chronic illnesses, and 2–3 times for people living in poverty. The main study findings show that German adult SWB is lower than pre-pandemic reference values. Special focus should be placed on vulnerable groups, such as females, younger persons, and people living in poverty who are most prone to a reduction in SWB and therefore suspected depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Tsai
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Schillok
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Merkel
- Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA), Maar-Weg 149-161, 50825 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
99918
|
Lawal IO, Kgatle MM, Mokoala K, Farate A, Sathekge MM. Cardiovascular disturbances in COVID-19: an updated review of the pathophysiology and clinical evidence of cardiovascular damage induced by SARS-CoV-2. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:93. [PMID: 35264107 PMCID: PMC8905284 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-Co-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a disease with highly variable phenotypes, being asymptomatic in most patients. In symptomatic patients, disease manifestation is variable, ranging from mild disease to severe and critical illness requiring treatment in the intensive care unit. The presence of underlying cardiovascular morbidities was identified early in the evolution of the disease to be a critical determinant of the severe disease phenotype. SARS-CoV-2, though a primarily respiratory virus, also causes severe damage to the cardiovascular system, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality seen in COVID-19. Evidence on the impact of cardiovascular disorders in disease manifestation and outcome of treatment is rapidly emerging. The cardiovascular system expresses the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 for binding, making it vulnerable to infection by the virus. Systemic perturbations including the so-called cytokine storm also impact on the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Imaging plays a prominent role not only in the detection of cardiovascular damage induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection but in the follow-up of patients' clinical progress while on treatment and in identifying long-term sequelae of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismaheel O Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. .,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mankgopo M Kgatle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kgomotso Mokoala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Abubakar Farate
- Department of Radiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
99919
|
Rahman MA, Harshita, Harwansh RK, Deshmukh R. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and Fullerenes in Control of Burns Infections and Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1483-1496. [PMID: 35264085 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220309152340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Burn injuries are extremely debilitating, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates around the world. The risk of infection escalates in correlation with impairment of skin integrity, creating a barrier to healing and possibly leading to sepsis. With its numerous advantages over traditional treatment methods, nanomaterial-based wound healing has immense capability for treating and preventing wound infections. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) owing to their distinctive physicochemical and biological properties have emerged as promising platform for biomedical applications. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and their nanocomposites have demonstrated broad antimicrobial activity against invasive bacteria, fungi, and viruses causing burn wound infection. The specific mechanisms that govern the antimicrobial activity of CNMs must be understood in order to ensure the safe and effective incorporation of these structures into biomaterials. However, it is challenging to decouple individual and synergistic contributions of physical, chemical, and electrical effects of CNMs on cells. This review reported on significant advances in the application of CNMs in burn wound infection and wound healing, with brief discussion on the interaction between different families of CNMs and microorganisms to assess antimicrobial performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshita
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
99920
|
Futas J, Oppelt J, Vychodilova L, Burger P, Horin P. The deadly face of felid killer cells: the cytotoxic proteins and their genes. HLA 2022; 100:37-51. [PMID: 35263044 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the main cell populations of the immune system able to directly kill target cells via cytotoxic granules. Different mammalian species may differ in specific features of their pore-forming protein (perforin) and granule-bound serine proteases (granzymes). One perforin gene (PRF1) and four genes encoding granzymes A, B, H, and K (GZMA, GZMB, GZMH, GZMK) were identified in the reference genomes of felids. The objective of this work was to characterize the genes PRF1, GZMA and GZMB in a panel of 17 felid species by next-generation re-sequencing. A search of available felid genomes (17 species) retrieved the coding sequences of these genes for comparison to our data. Both sets of sequences or their combinations (23 species) were used for phylogenetic and selection analyses. Nucleotide PRF1, GZMA and GZMB sequences showed high similarities between felid species (over 95% identity). All trees derived from coding sequences expressed phylogenetic relationships corresponding to the zoological taxonomy of the Felidae, except GZMA. No effects of positive selection were detected in the genes studied, however, effects of purifying selection were observed for PRF1 and GZMA. The conservation of PRF1 is in agreement with its critical biological function. The differentiation observed between granzyme sub-families may reflect an adaptation to pathogen variation. The need to maintain important gene functions and at the same time cope with various pathogens may lead to an equilibrium between positive and negative selective pressures acting on GZMB. The within-species variability in wild felid populations merits further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Futas
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC VETUNI, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC VETUNI, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leona Vychodilova
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pamela Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (VETMEDUNI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Horin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC VETUNI, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
99921
|
Tsume-Kajioka M, Kimura-Yoshida C, Mochida K, Ueda Y, Matsuo I. BET proteins are essential for the specification and maintenance of the epiblast lineage in mouse preimplantation embryos. BMC Biol 2022; 20:64. [PMID: 35264162 PMCID: PMC8905768 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During mammalian preimplantation development, as the fertilized egg develops and differentiates, three cell lineages become specified: trophectoderm (TE), epiblast, and primitive endoderm (PrE). Through two steps of cell fate decisions, 16-cell blastomeres develop into TE and an inner cell mass (ICM), and thereafter, the latter differentiates into pluripotent epiblast and PrE. Although bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, such as BRD4, are necessary for the transcriptional activation of genes involved in the maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells by occupying their enhancers, their roles in the development of mouse preimplantation are unknown. Results To evaluate the effect of BET protein deficiency on cell lineage formation, we cultured preimplantation embryos in the presence of JQ1, which blocks the binding of BET bromodomains to acetylated-histones. We found BET inhibition blocked the transcriptional activation of genes, such as Nanog, Otx2, and Sox2, important for the formation of the epiblast lineage in blastocysts. Expression studies with lineage-specific markers in morulae and blastocysts revealed BET proteins were essential for the specification and maintenance of the epiblast lineage but were dispensable for the formation of primarily extraembryonic TE and PrE lineages. Additional Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and expression studies with a transcriptionally active form of signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) suggested BET-dependent activation was partly associated with the STAT3-dependent pathway to maintain the epiblast lineage. To identify BET proteins involved in the formation of the epiblast lineage, we analyzed mutant embryos deficient in Brd4, Brd2, and double mutants. Abolishment of NANOG-positive epiblast cells was only evident in Brd4/Brd2 double-deficient morulae. Thus, the phenotype of JQ1-treated embryos is reproduced not by a Brd4- or Brd2-single deficiency, but only Brd4/Brd2-double deficiency, demonstrating the redundant roles of BRD2 and BRD4 in the specification of the epiblast lineage. Conclusions BET proteins are essential to the specification and maintenance of the epiblast lineage by activating lineage-specific core transcription factors during mouse preimplantation development. Among BET proteins, BRD4 plays a central role and BRD2 a complementary role in the specification and maintenance of epiblast lineages. Additionally, BET-dependent maintenance of the epiblast lineage may be partly associated with the STAT3-dependent pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01251-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Tsume-Kajioka
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kimura-Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mochida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoko Ueda
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan. .,Department of Pediatric and Neonatal-Perinatal Research, Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
99922
|
Mohr AE, Crawford M, Jasbi P, Fessler S, Sweazea KL. Lipopolysaccharide and the gut microbiota: Considering structural variation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:849-875. [PMID: 35262962 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host gastrointestinal tract release signaling byproducts from their cell wall, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can act locally and, after crossing the gut barrier and entering circulation, also systemically. Defined as metabolic endotoxemia, elevated concentrations of LPS in circulation are associated with metabolic conditions and chronic disease. As such, measurement of LPS is highly prevalent in animal and human research investigating these states. Indeed, LPS can be a potent stimulant of host immunity but this response depends on the microbial species' origin, a parameter often overlooked in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Indeed, the lipid A portion of LPS is mutable and comprises the main virulence and endotoxic component, thus contributing to the structural and functional diversity among LPSs from microbial species. In this review, we discuss how such structural differences in LPS can induce differential immunological responses in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Riverside, California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fessler
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
99923
|
Ünal GÖ, Öztürk KH, Erkılınç G, Dönmez F, Doğuç DK, Özmen Ö, Sezik M. Maternal prenatal stress and depression-like behavior associated with hippocampal and cortical neuroinflammation in the offspring: An experimental study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:231-242. [PMID: 35261075 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress can negatively impact neonatal health, growth, and bonding with the mother. However, molecular basis of these modifications is not completely understood. The aim of this experimental study was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine stress exposure may contribute to subsequent depression-like comorbidities associated with neuroinflammation. Wistar Albino nulliparous female rats were divided into two groups (each, n=6): controls and pregnancy stress (days one through 21). Two live rat pups (one female and one male) from each term delivery were randomly selected, and depression-like behavior tests were performed on postpartum days 30-34, followed by euthanasia on day 35. NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) pathway gene expressions in the hippocampus and immunohistochemical caspase 3 (cas-3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) staining in the temporal and prefrontal cortices were evaluated. Compared to controls, exposure to prenatal stress was associated with increased depression and anxiety-like behavior, hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome activation (p=0.022 and p=0.035 for female and male pups, respectively), neuronal degeneration and increased cas-3, mTOR, and TRPM immunostaining in the prefrontal and temporal cortices of both female and male offspring (p<0.05 for all comparisons except p<0.01 for cas-3 in the male cortex and female temporal cortex). Exposure to antenatal stress can lead to depression-like behavior in the infant, mainly driven by hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cortical neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Future perspectives include NLRP3-targeted therapies with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against adverse prenatal effects of maternal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Özdamar Ünal
- Department of Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kuyaş Hekimler Öztürk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gamze Erkılınç
- Urla State Hospital, Department of Pathology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Feyza Dönmez
- Atakoy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doğuç
- Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Mekin Sezik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
99924
|
Arena A, Belcastro E, Ceccacci F, Petrini S, Conti LA, Pagliarosi O, Giorda E, Sennato S, Schiaffini R, Wang P, Paulson JC, Mancini G, Fierabracci A. Improvement of Lipoplexes With a Sialic Acid Mimetic to Target the C1858T PTPN22 Variant for Immunotherapy in Endocrine Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838331. [PMID: 35355982 PMCID: PMC8959661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The C1858T variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) gene is associated with pathophysiological phenotypes in several autoimmune conditions, namely, Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis. The R620W variant protein, encoded by C1858T, leads to a gain of function mutation with paradoxical reduced T cell activation. We previously exploited a novel personalized immunotherapeutic approach based on siRNA delivered by liposomes (lipoplexes, LiposiRNA) that selectively inhibit variant allele expression. In this manuscript, we functionalize lipoplexes carrying siRNA for variant C1858T with a high affinity ligand of Siglec-10 (Sig10L) coupled to lipids resulting in lipoplexes (LiposiRNA-Sig10L) that enhance delivery to Siglec-10 expressing immunocytes. LiposiRNA-Sig10L lipoplexes more efficiently downregulated variant C1858T PTPN22 mRNA in PBMC of heterozygous patients than LiposiRNA without Sig10L. Following TCR engagement, LiposiRNA-Sig10L more significantly restored IL-2 secretion, known to be paradoxically reduced than in wild type patients, than unfunctionalized LiposiRNA in PBMC of heterozygous T1D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Belcastro
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- Centro Nazionale Ricerche Institute for Biological Systems (CNR -ISB), Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Pagliarosi
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Secondary Office of Rome c/o Department of Physics, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetes and Growth Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Giovanna Mancini
- Centro Nazionale Ricerche Institute for Biological Systems (CNR-ISB), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
99925
|
Bae SW, Kim J, Kwon S. Recent Advances in Polymer Additive Engineering for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2955. [PMID: 35328375 PMCID: PMC8955662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer materials that provide a wide range of physicochemical properties as well as are highly biocompatible. Biomedical researchers are adapting these materials for the ever-increasing range of design options and potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. Along with innovative hydrogel polymer backbone developments, designing polymer additives for these backbones has been a major contributor to the field, especially for expanding the functionality spectrum of hydrogels. For the past decade, researchers invented numerous hydrogel functionalities that emerge from the rational incorporation of additives such as nucleic acids, proteins, cells, and inorganic nanomaterials. Cases of successful commercialization of such functional hydrogels are being reported, thus driving more translational research with hydrogels. Among the many hydrogels, here we reviewed recently reported functional hydrogels incorporated with polymer additives. We focused on those that have potential in translational medicine applications which range from diagnostic sensors as well as assay and drug screening to therapeutic actuators as well as drug delivery and implant. We discussed the growing trend of facile point-of-care diagnostics and integrated smart platforms. Additionally, special emphasis was given to emerging bioinformatics functionalities stemming from the information technology field, such as DNA data storage and anti-counterfeiting strategies. We anticipate that these translational purpose-driven polymer additive research studies will continue to advance the field of functional hydrogel engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Bae
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
99926
|
Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99927
|
Walwyn-Brown K, Pugh J, Cocker AT, Beyzaie N, Singer BB, Olive D, Guethlein LA, Parham P, Djaoud Z. Phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ T cells suppress natural killer cell-responses to missing-self. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:558-570. [PMID: 35263761 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells stimulated by phosphoantigens (pAg) are potent effectors that secrete Th1 cytokines and kill tumor cells. Consequently, they are considered candidates for use in cancer immunotherapy. However, they have proven only moderately effective in several clinical trials. We studied the consequences of pAg-stimulated γδ T-cell interactions with Natural Killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, major innate and adaptive effectors, respectively. We found that pAg-stimulated γδ T cells suppressed NK-cell responses to "missing-self" but had no effect on antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Extensive analysis of the secreted cytokines showed that pAg-stimulated γδ T cells had a pro-inflammatory profile. CMV-pp65-specific CD8+ T cells primed with pAg-stimulated γδ T cells showed little effect on responses to pp65-loaded target cells. By contrast, NK cells primed similarly with γδ T cells had impaired capacity to degranulate and produce IFNγ in response to HLA class I-deficient targets. This effect depended on BTN3A1 and required direct contact between NK cells and γδ T cells. γδ T cell-priming of NK cells also led to a downregulation of NKG2D and NKp44 on NK cells. Every NK-cell subset was affected by γδ T cell-mediated immunosuppression, but the strongest effect was on KIR+NKG2A- NK cells. We therefore report a previously unknown function for γδ T cells, as brakes of NK-cell responses to "missing-self". This provides a new perspective for optimizing the use of γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy and for assessing their role in immune responses to pAg-producing pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Olive
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM,, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99928
|
CovDif, a Tool to Visualize the Conservation between SARS-CoV-2 Genomes and Variants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030561. [PMID: 35336968 PMCID: PMC8955889 DOI: 10.3390/v14030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) virus has led to more than 430 million confirmed cases, including more than 5.9 million deaths, reported worldwide as of 24 February 2022. Conservation of viral genomes is important for pathogen identification and diagnosis, therapeutics development and epidemiological surveillance to detect the emergence of new viral variants. An intense surveillance of virus variants has led to the identification of Variants of Interest and Variants of Concern. Although these classifications dynamically change as the pandemic evolves, they have been useful to guide public health efforts on containment and mitigation. In this work, we present CovDif, a tool to detect conserved regions between groups of viral genomes. CovDif creates a conservation landscape for each group of genomes of interest and a differential landscape able to highlight differences in the conservation level between groups. CovDif is able to identify loss in conservation due to point mutations, deletions, inversions and chromosomal rearrangements. In this work, we applied CovDif to SARS-CoV-2 clades (G, GH, GR, GV, L, O, S and G) and variants. We identified all regions for any defining SNPs. We also applied CovDif to a group of population genomes and evaluated the conservation of primer regions for current SARS-CoV-2 detection and diagnostic protocols. We found that some of these protocols should be applied with caution as few of the primer-template regions are no longer conserved in some SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conclude that CovDif is a tool that could be widely applied to study the conservation of any group of viral genomes as long as whole genomes exist.
Collapse
|
99929
|
Schaefer L, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Midani FS, Pflugfelder SC, Britton RA, de Paiva CS. Gut Microbiota From Sjögren syndrome Patients Causes Decreased T Regulatory Cells in the Lymphoid Organs and Desiccation-Induced Corneal Barrier Disruption in Mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:852918. [PMID: 35355610 PMCID: PMC8959809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.852918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by secretory dysfunction in the eye and mouth; in the eye, this results in tear film instability, reduced tear production, and corneal barrier disruption. A growing number of studies show that homeostasis of the ocular surface is impacted by the intestinal microbiome, and several 16S sequencing studies have demonstrated dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in SS patients. In this study, we utilized metagenomic sequencing to perform a deeper analysis of the intestinal microbiome using stools collected from sex- and age-matched healthy (n = 20), dry eye (n = 4) and SS (n = 7) subjects. The observed Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and Shannon alpha diversity were significantly decreased in SS compared to healthy controls, and there was a significant inverse correlation between observed OTUs and ocular severity score. We also identified specific bacterial strains that are differentially modulated in SS vs. healthy subjects. To investigate if the differential composition of intestinal microbiome would have an impact on the immune and eye phenotype, we performed functional studies using germ-free mice colonized with human intestinal microbiota from SS patients and healthy controls. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated reduced frequency of CD4+ FOXP3+ cells in ocular draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) in mice colonized with SS patient intestinal microbiota 4 weeks post-colonization. We also found that offspring of SS-humanized mice also have fewer CD4+FOXP3+ cells in the CLN as well as spleen, demonstrating vertical transmission. SS-humanized mice subjected to desiccating stress exhibited greater corneal barrier disruption as compared to healthy control humanized mice under the same conditions. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota can modulate ocular surface health, possibly by influencing development of CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the ocular draining lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schaefer
- Center of Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Center of Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Firas S. Midani
- Center of Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen C. Pflugfelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Center of Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
99930
|
Graça AL, Domingues RMA, Calejo I, Gómez-Florit M, Gomes ME. Therapeutic Effects of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Bioengineered Tendon Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2948. [PMID: 35328370 PMCID: PMC8954460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent over 30-50% of musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, yet the available therapies do not provide complete tendon repair/regeneration and full functionality restoring. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed nanoparticles, have emerged as the next breakthrough in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to promote endogenous tissue regeneration. Here, we developed a 3D human in vitro model mimicking the signature of pathological tendon and used it to evaluate the influence that different platelet-derived EVs might have in tendon tissue repair mechanisms. For this, different EV populations isolated from platelets, small EVs (sEVs) and medium EVs (mEVs), were added to the culture media of human tendon-derived cells (hTDCs) cultured on isotropic nanofibrous scaffolds. The platelet-derived EVs increased the expression of tenogenic markers, promoted a healthy extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that platelet EVs provided relevant biochemical cues that potentiated a recovery of hTDCs phenotype from a diseased to a healthy state. Thus, this study opens new perspectives for the translation of platelet-derived EVs as therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Graça
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Calejo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-Florit
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
99931
|
Nohl A, Brune B, Weichert V, Standl F, Stang A, Dudda M. COVID-19: Vaccination Side Effects and Sick Leave in Frontline Healthcare-Workers-A Web-Based Survey in Germany. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:411. [PMID: 35335043 PMCID: PMC8950199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 vaccination has caused uncertainty among employees and employers regarding vaccination reactions and incapacitation. At the time of our study, three vaccines are licensed in Germany to combat the COVID-19 pandemic (BioNTech/Pfizer (Comirnaty), AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), and Moderna (Spikevax). We aim to assess how often and to what extent frontline healthcare workers had vaccination reactions after the first and second vaccination. The main focus is on the amount of sick leave after the vaccinations. (2) Methods: We create a web-based online questionnaire and deliver it to 270 medical directors in emergency medical services all over Germany. They are asked to make the questionnaire public to employees in their area of responsibility. To assess the association between independent variables and adverse effects of vaccination, we use log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for dichotomous outcomes (sick leave). (3) Results: A total of 3909 individuals participate in the survey for the first vaccination, of whom 3657 (94%) also provide data on the second vaccination. Compared to the first vaccination, mRNA-related vaccine reactions are more intense after the second vaccination, while vaccination reactions are less intense for vector vaccines. (4) Conclusion: Most vaccination reactions are physiological (local or systemic). Our results can help to anticipate the extent to which personnel will be unable to work after vaccination. Even among vaccinated HCWs, there seems to be some skepticism about future vaccinations. Therefore, continuous education and training should be provided to all professionals, especially regarding vaccination boosters. Our results contribute to a better understanding and can therefore support the control of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Nohl
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Oberhausen, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Department of Emergency Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg, 47249 Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS), 47249 Duisburg, Germany;
| | - Bastian Brune
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Essen, 45139 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Weichert
- Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS), 47249 Duisburg, Germany;
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinikum Duisburg, 47249 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Standl
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS), 47249 Duisburg, Germany;
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Essen, 45139 Essen, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinikum Duisburg, 47249 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
99932
|
Yu Z, Gao J, Zhang X, Peng Y, Wei W, Xu J, Li Z, Wang C, Zhou M, Tian X, Feng L, Huo X, Liu M, Ye M, Guo DA, Ma X. Characterization of a small-molecule inhibitor targeting NEMO/IKKβ to suppress colorectal cancer growth. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35260565 PMCID: PMC8904520 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NEMO/IKKβ complex is a central regulator of NF-κB signaling pathway, its dissociation has been considered to be an attractive therapeutic target. Herein, using a combined strategy of molecular pharmacological phenotyping, proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, Shikonin (SHK) is identified as a potential inhibitor of the IKKβ/NEMO complex. It destabilizes IKKβ/NEMO complex with IC50 of 174 nM, thereby significantly impairing the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also elucidated the potential target sites of SHK in the NEMO/IKKβ complex. Our study provides some new insights for the development of potent small-molecule PPI inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Yu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Neurology Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99933
|
García-Ríos E, Leivas A, Mancebo FJ, Sánchez-Vega L, Lanzarot D, Aguado JM, Martínez-López J, Paciello ML, Pérez-Romero P. Isolation of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific T-Cells with Specific Viral Cytotoxic Activity for Adoptive Therapy of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030630. [PMID: 35327433 PMCID: PMC8944951 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to demonstrate the feasibility of preparing clinical-grade SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells from convalescent donors and the ability of these cells to neutralize the virus in vitro, we used blood collected from two COVID-19 convalescent donors (before and after vaccination) that was stimulated with specific SARS-CoV-2 peptides followed by automated T-cell isolation using the CliniMacs Prodigy medical device. To determine cytotoxic activity, HEK 293T cells were transfected to express the SARS-CoV-2 M protein, mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection. We were able to quickly and efficiently isolate SARS-CoV-2-specific T lymphocytes from both donors before and after they received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Althoughbefore vaccination, the final product contained up to 7.42% and 30.19% of IFN-γ+ CD3+ T-cells from donor 1 and donor 2, respectively, we observed an enrichment of the IFN-γ+ CD3+ T-cells after vaccination, reaching 70.47% and 42.59%, respectively. At pre-vaccination, the isolated SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells exhibited cytotoxic activity that was significantly higher than that of unstimulated controls (donor 2: 15.41%, p-value 3.27 × 10−3). The cytotoxic activity of the isolated SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells also significantly increased after vaccination (donor 1: 32.71%, p-value 1.44 × 10−5; donor 2: 33.38%, p-value 3.13 × 10−6). In conclusion, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells can quickly and efficiently be stimulated from the blood of convalescent donors using SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides followed by automated isolation. Vaccinated convalescent donors have a higher percentage of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells and may be more suitable as donors. Although further studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of the functional isolated SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells in patients, previous studies using the same stimulation and isolation methods applied to other pathologies support this idea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estéfani García-Ríos
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda, 28221 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (F.J.M.); (P.P.-R.)
- Department of Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, PintorSorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leivas
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre—Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (L.S.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Mancebo
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda, 28221 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (F.J.M.); (P.P.-R.)
| | - Laura Sánchez-Vega
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre—Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (L.S.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José María Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre—Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (L.S.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Liz Paciello
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre—Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (L.S.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-620351421
| | - Pilar Pérez-Romero
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda, 28221 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (F.J.M.); (P.P.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
99934
|
Surwase SS, Shahriar SMS, An JM, Ha J, Mirzaaghasi A, Bagheri B, Park JH, Lee YK, Kim YC. Engineered Nanoparticles inside a Microparticle Oral System for Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Immunity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11124-11143. [PMID: 35227057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivery through an oral route requires overcoming multiple challenges, including gastrointestinal enzymes, mucus, and epithelial tight junctions. Although each barrier has a crucial role in determining the final efficiency of the oral vaccination, transcytosis of antigens through follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) represents a major challenge. Most of the research is focused on delivering an antigen to the M-cell for FAE transcytosis because M-cells can easily transport the antigen from the luminal site. However, the fact is that the M-cell population is less than 1% of the total gastrointestinal cells, and most of the oral vaccines have failed to show any effect in clinical trials. To challenge the current dogma of M-cell targeting, in this study, we designed a novel tandem peptide with a FAE-targeting peptide at the front position and a cell-penetrating peptide at the back position. The tandem peptide was attached to a smart delivery system, which overcomes the enzymatic barrier and the mucosal barrier. The result showed that the engineered system could target the FAE (enterocytes and M-cells) and successfully penetrate the enterocytes to reach the dendritic cells located at the subepithelium dome. There was successful maturation and activation of dendritic cells in vitro confirmed by a significant increase in maturation markers such as CD40, CD86, presentation marker MHC I, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10). The in vivo results showed a high production of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (helper T-cell) and a significantly higher production of CD8+ T-lymphocytes (killer T-cell). Finally, the production of mucosal immunity (IgA) in the trachea, intestine, and fecal extracts and systemic immunity (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) was successfully confirmed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that designed a novel tandem peptide to target the FAE, which includes M-cells and enterocytes rather than M-cell targeting and showed that a significant induction of both the mucosal and systemic immune response was achieved compared to M-cell targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Surwase
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5940, United States
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Man An
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JongHoon Ha
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Amin Mirzaaghasi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
99935
|
Titong A, Gallolu Kankanamalage S, Dong J, Huang B, Spadoni N, Wang B, Wright M, Pham KLJ, Le AH, Liu Y. First-in-class trispecific VHH-Fc based antibody with potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4163. [PMID: 35264679 PMCID: PMC8905027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants have persisted in this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While the vaccines have greatly reduced the COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and death, about half of the world remain unvaccinated due to various reasons. Furthermore, the duration of the immunity gained from COVID-19 vaccination is still unclear. Therefore, there is a need for innovative prophylactic and treatment measures. In response to this need, we previously reported on the successful computer-aided development of potent VHH-based multispecific antibodies that were characterized in vitro. Here, we evaluated in vivo efficacy and safety of the lead trispecific VHH-Fc, ABS-VIR-001. Importantly, our data showed that ABS-VIR-001 treatment prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection and death when provided as an intranasal prophylaxis in a humanized ACE-2 mouse model. In addition, ABS-VIR-001 post-exposure treatment was shown to greatly reduce viral loads by as much as 50-fold. A detailed panel of metabolic and cellular parameters demonstrated that ABS-VIR-001 treatment was overall comparable to the PBS treatment, indicating a favorable safety profile. Notably, our inhibition studies show that ABS-VIR-001 continued to demonstrate unwavering efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 mutants, associated with key variants including Delta and Omicron, owing to its multiple epitope design. Lastly, we rigorously tested and confirmed the excellent thermostability of ABS-VIR-001 when heated to 45 °C for up to 4 weeks. Taken together, our study suggests that ABS-VIR-001 is an efficacious and durable prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment for COVID-19 with promising safety and manufacturability features for global distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Titong
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | | | - Jianbo Dong
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Betty Huang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Nicholas Spadoni
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Meredith Wright
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Keegan L J Pham
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Anh Hai Le
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA. .,Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99936
|
Synoviocytes from pigmented villonodular synovitis are less sensitive to cadmium-induced cell death than synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3832. [PMID: 35264617 PMCID: PMC8907209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare inflammatory articular disease sharing common characteristics with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), notably hyperplasia of the synovium due to a hyperproliferation of synoviocytes, and with cancer owing to mutations of the CSF1/M-CCSF gene. Targeting synovium hyperplasia by the local delivery of Cadmium (Cd) has been already tested in vitro and in vivo models of RA and could be applied to PVNS. PVNS and RA synoviocytes were exposed to low doses of Cd. After different culture time points, a qualitative analysis was done by microscopy and quantitative measurements of apoptosis, cell viability and IL-6 production were carried. IL-6 production by PVNS synovial tissue was also quantified after Cd treatment with or without the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 + TNF). Addition of Cd induced cell death in both PVNS (1 ppm) and RA (0.1 ppm) synoviocytes, which increased with time and Cd concentrations. Cd increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and decreased cell viability and IL-6 production. In all these experiments, PVNS synoviocytes were tenfold less sensitive to Cd than RA synoviocytes. Cd decreased IL-6 production by PVNS synovial tissue and its effect was enhanced with pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, PVNS synoviocytes show resistance to Cd-induced cell death and decreased inflammation. Intra-articular use of Cd could represent a potential therapeutic tool in PVNS.
Collapse
|
99937
|
Okamoto D, Yamauchi N, Takiguchi G, Nishita M, Kakeji Y, Minami Y, Kamizaki K. Autonomous and intercellular chemokine signaling elicited from mesenchymal stem cells regulates migration of undifferentiated gastric cancer cells. Genes Cells 2022; 27:368-375. [PMID: 35261108 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play critical roles in regulating progression of various types of cancer. We have previously shown that Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in MSCs induces expression of CXCL16, and that CXCL16 secreted from MSCs then binds to its cognate receptor CXCR6 on the surface of an undifferentiated gastric cancer cell line MKN45 cells, eventually leading to proliferation and migration of MKN45 cells. However, it remains unclear about a possible involvement of another (other) cytokine (s) in regulating progression of gastric cancer. Here, we show that CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling is also activated in MSCs through cell-autonomous machinery, leading to up-regulated expression of CCL5. We further show that CCR1 and CCR3, receptors of CCL5, are expressed on the surface of MKN45 cells, and that CCL5 secreted from MSCs promotes migration of MKN45 cells presumably via its binding to CCR1/CCR3. These data indicate that cell-autonomous CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling activated in MSCs up-regulates expression of CCL5, and that subsequent activation of CCL5-CCR1/3 signaling in MKN45 cells through intercellular machinery can promote migration of MKN45 cells. Collectively, these findings postulate the presence of orchestrated chemokine signaling emanated from MSCs to regulate progression of undifferentiated gastric cancer cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Okamoto
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yamauchi
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Gosuke Takiguchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koki Kamizaki
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
99938
|
ENT-A010, a Novel Steroid Derivative, Displays Neuroprotective Functions and Modulates Microglial Responses. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030424. [PMID: 35327616 PMCID: PMC8946810 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tackling neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation is particularly challenging due to the complexity of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as well as the limited drug accessibility to the brain. The activation of tropomyosin-related kinase A (TRKA) receptor signaling by the nerve growth factor (NGF) or the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may combat neurodegeneration and regulate microglial function. In the present study, we synthesized a C-17-spiro-cyclopropyl DHEA derivative (ENT-A010), which was capable of activating TRKA. ENT-A010 protected PC12 cells against serum starvation-induced cell death, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons against NGF deprivation-induced apoptosis and hippocampal neurons against Aβ-induced apoptosis. In addition, ENT-A010 pretreatment partially restored homeostatic features of microglia in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, enhanced Aβ phagocytosis, and increased Ngf expression in microglia in vitro. In conclusion, the small molecule ENT-A010 elicited neuroprotective effects and modulated microglial function, thereby emerging as an interesting compound, which merits further study in the treatment of CNS disorders.
Collapse
|
99939
|
Jahnmatz P, Nyabundi D, Sundling C, Widman L, Mwacharo J, Musyoki J, Otieno E, Ahlborg N, Bejon P, Ndungu FM, Färnert A. Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Memory B-Cell and Antibody Responses Are Associated With Immunity in Children Living in an Endemic Area of Kenya. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799306. [PMID: 35355994 PMCID: PMC8959630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanism of naturally acquired immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria could contribute to the design of effective malaria vaccines. Using a recently developed multiplexed FluoroSpot assay, we assessed cross-sectional pre-existing memory B-cells (MBCs) and antibody responses against six well known P. falciparum antigens (MSP-119, MSP-2 (3D7), MSP-2 (FC27), MSP-3, AMA-1 and CSP) and measured their associations with previous infections and time to clinical malaria in the ensuing malaria season in Kenyan children. These children were under active weekly surveillance for malaria as part of a long-term longitudinal malaria immunology cohort study, where they are recruited from birth. After performing Cox regression analysis, we found that children with a breadth of three or more antigen-specific MBC or antibody responses at the baseline had a reduced risk for malaria in the ensuing P. falciparum transmission season. Specifically, MBC responses against AMA-1, MSP-2 (3D7) and MSP-3, as well as antibody responses to MSP-2 (3D7) and MSP-3 were prospectively associated with a reduced risk for malaria. The magnitude or breadth of MBC responses were however not correlated with the cumulative number of malaria episodes since birth. We conclude that increased breadth for merozoite antigen-specific MBC and antibody responses is associated with protection against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jahnmatz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mabtech AB, Nacka Strand, Sweden
| | - Diana Nyabundi
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Widman
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jedidah Mwacharo
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer Musyoki
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Edward Otieno
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Niklas Ahlborg
- Mabtech AB, Nacka Strand, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Francis M. Ndungu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
99940
|
Du L, Hao YM, Yang YH, Zheng Y, Wu ZJ, Zhou MQ, Wang BZ, Wang YM, Wu H, Su GH. DHA-Enriched Phospholipids and EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice via a Sirtuin 1-Dependent Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2911-2922. [PMID: 35174699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction has emerged as a potential contributor to the development of several severe diseases. Herein, the effect and underlying mechanism of DHA-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and EPA-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) on protecting against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier injury were elucidated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 1% DHA-PL or EPA-PL for 4 weeks and then were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) to cause intestinal barrier injury. The results manifested that DHA-PL and EPA-PL pretreatment balanced apoptosis and autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and maintained intestinal tight junction integrity. Our findings also demonstrated that cotreatment with EX-527, a sirtuin 1 specific inhibitor, hindered the role of DHA-PL and EPA-PL against LPS-evoked intestinal barrier injury through reversing the inhibitory action of them on NF-κB and MAPKs activation as well as their potentiating actions on Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Overall, DHA-PL and EPA-PL alleviated LPS-mediated intestinal barrier injury via inactivation of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways as well as activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway via up-regulating sirtuin 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu-Hong Yang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Zi-Jian Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Meng-Qing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guo-Hai Su
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| |
Collapse
|
99941
|
Mehraj U, Mushtaq U, Mir MA, Saleem A, Macha MA, Lone MN, Hamid A, Zargar MA, Ahmad SM, Wani NA. Chemokines in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Heterogeneity: New Challenges for Clinical Implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:769-783. [PMID: 35278636 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and one of the primary causes of resistance to therapies. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15% to 20% of all breast cancers and is the most aggressive subtype, is very diverse, connected to metastatic potential and response to therapy. It is a very diverse disease at the molecular, pathologic, and clinical levels. TNBC is substantially more likely to recur and has a worse overall survival rate following diagnosis than other breast cancer subtypes. Chemokines, low molecular weight proteins that stimulate chemotaxis, have been shown to control the cues responsible for TNBC heterogeneity. In this review, we have focused on tumor heterogeneity and the role of chemokines in modulating tumor heterogeneity, since this is the most critical issue in treating TNBC. Additionally, we examined numerous cues mediated by chemokine networks that contribute to the heterogeneity of TNBC. Recent developments in our knowledge of the chemokine networks that regulate TNBC heterogeneity may pave the door for developing difficult-to-treat TNBC treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Umer Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science & Technology Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal J & K, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Mohammed A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India.
| |
Collapse
|
99942
|
Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhuo Y. Synaptic or Non-synaptic? Different Intercellular Interactions with Retinal Ganglion Cells in Optic Nerve Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3052-3072. [PMID: 35266115 PMCID: PMC9016027 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Axons of adult neurons in the mammalian central nervous system generally fail to regenerate by themselves, and few if any therapeutic options exist to reverse this situation. Due to a weak intrinsic potential for axon growth and the presence of strong extrinsic inhibitors, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cannot regenerate their axons spontaneously after optic nerve injury and eventually undergo apoptosis, resulting in permanent visual dysfunction. Regarding the extracellular environment, research to date has generally focused on glial cells and inflammatory cells, while few studies have discussed the potentially significant role of interneurons that make direct connections with RGCs as part of the complex retinal circuitry. In this study, we provide a novel angle to summarize these extracellular influences following optic nerve injury as "intercellular interactions" with RGCs and classify these interactions as synaptic and non-synaptic. By discussing current knowledge of non-synaptic (glial cells and inflammatory cells) and synaptic (mostly amacrine cells and bipolar cells) interactions, we hope to accentuate the previously neglected but significant effects of pre-synaptic interneurons and bring unique insights into future pursuit of optic nerve regeneration and visual function recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99943
|
Balsalobre A, Drouin J. Pioneer factors as master regulators of the epigenome and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:449-464. [PMID: 35264768 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer factors are transcription factors with the unique ability to initiate opening of closed chromatin. The stability of cell identity relies on robust mechanisms that maintain the epigenome and chromatin accessibility to transcription factors. Pioneer factors counter these mechanisms to implement new cell fates through binding of DNA target sites in closed chromatin and introduction of active-chromatin histone modifications, primarily at enhancers. As master regulators of enhancer activation, pioneers are thus crucial for the implementation of correct cell fate decisions in development, and as such, they hold tremendous potential for therapy through cellular reprogramming. The power of pioneer factors to reshape the epigenome also presents an Achilles heel, as their misexpression has major pathological consequences, such as in cancer. In this Review, we discuss the emerging mechanisms of pioneer factor functions and their roles in cell fate specification, cellular reprogramming and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
99944
|
Moss SM, Ortiz-Hernandez M, Levin D, Richburg CA, Gerton T, Cook M, Houlton JJ, Rizvi ZH, Goodwin PC, Golway M, Ripley B, Hoying JB. A Biofabrication Strategy for a Custom-Shaped, Non-Synthetic Bone Graft Precursor with a Prevascularized Tissue Shell. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:838415. [PMID: 35356783 PMCID: PMC8959609 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.838415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized defects of irregular bones requiring bone grafting, such as in craniofacial reconstruction, are particularly challenging to repair. With bone-grafting procedures growing in number annually, there is a reciprocal growing interest in bone graft substitutes to meet the demand. Autogenous osteo(myo)cutaneous grafts harvested from a secondary surgical site are the gold standard for reconstruction but are associated with donor-site morbidity and are in limited supply. We developed a bone graft strategy for irregular bone-involved reconstruction that is customizable to defect geometry and patient anatomy, is free of synthetic materials, is cellularized, and has an outer pre-vascularized tissue layer to enhance engraftment and promote osteogenesis. The graft, comprised of bioprinted human-derived demineralized bone matrix blended with native matrix proteins containing human mesenchymal stromal cells and encased in a simple tissue shell containing isolated, human adipose microvessels, ossifies when implanted in rats. Ossification follows robust vascularization within and around the graft, including the formation of a vascular leash, and develops mechanical strength. These results demonstrate an early feasibility animal study of a biofabrication strategy to manufacture a 3D printed patient-matched, osteoconductive, tissue-banked, bone graft without synthetic materials for use in craniofacial reconstruction. The bone fabrication workflow is designed to be performed within the hospital near the Point of Care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Moss
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Monica Ortiz-Hernandez
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dmitry Levin
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chris A. Richburg
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas Gerton
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Madison Cook
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Houlton
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Zain H. Rizvi
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Michael Golway
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Beth Ripley
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James B. Hoying
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
99945
|
Imoto S, Suzukawa M, Takeda K, Asari I, Watanabe S, Tohma S, Nagase T, Ohta K, Teruya K, Nagai H. Evaluation of cytokine levels in response to mitogen among HIV-1-infected blood cells and their relationships to the number of T cells. Cytokine 2022; 153:155840. [PMID: 35276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection causes loss and anergy of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, leading to opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). QuantiFERON®-TB (QFT) is used as a diagnostic tool to detect TB, but it exhibits limited accuracy among subjects with low CD4+ T cell numbers, including HIV-1-infected individuals. The present study aimed to determine the effect of HIV-1 infection and patients' blood T cell numbers on cytokine production in response to mitogen (Mit) stimulation. METHODS The number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals was quantified. Levels of various cytokines in Mit-stimulated and un-stimulated (Nil) supernatants of QFT gold "in tube" were assessed using a MAGPIX System. The correlation between cytokine levels and CD4+/CD8+ T cell counts in response to Mit was analyzed. The cytokine levels were compared between HIV-1-infected and healthy subjects. RESULTS HIV-1-infected individuals (110) and control subjects (27) were enrolled. Interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-6, IL-8, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) values in Mit-Nil tubes showed a significant correlation with CD4+ T cell counts, while IFN-γ, IL-6, and IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) values in Mit-Nil tubes had significant correlation with CD8+ T cell counts. IL-1RA, IL-8, IP-10, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and RANTES levels in Nil tubes were significantly higher in the HIV-1-infected group. IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IP-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β values in Mit-Nil tubes were significantly higher, and PDGF-BB and RANTES levels were significantly lower in the HIV-1-infected group. CONCLUSION The functions of HIV-1-infected T cells and uninfected T cells, such as spontaneous and responsive cytokine production in response to Mit, were different. Our findings may be useful for developing new clinical tools for patients with low T cell counts. Additionally, the study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahoko Imoto
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Keita Takeda
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan
| | - Isao Asari
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan
| | - Shizuka Watanabe
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ken Ohta
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan; Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo 193-0834, Japan
| | - Katsuji Teruya
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagai
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
99946
|
Rajamanickam A, Pavan Kumar N, Pandiaraj AN, Selvaraj N, Munisankar S, Renji RM, Venkataramani V, Murhekar M, Thangaraj JWV, Muthusamy SK, Chethrapilly Purushothaman GK, Bhatnagar T, Ponnaiah M, Ramasamy S, Velusamy S, Babu S. Characterization of memory T cell subsets and common γ-chain cytokines in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:201-212. [PMID: 35258122 PMCID: PMC9088480 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5cova0721-392rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are thought to be an important correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV2 infection. However, the composition of T cell subsets in convalescent individuals of SARS‐CoV2 infection has not been well studied. The authors determined the lymphocyte absolute counts, the frequency of memory T cell subsets, and the plasma levels of common γ−chain in 7 groups of COVID‐19 individuals, based on days since RT‐PCR confirmation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The data show that both absolute counts and frequencies of lymphocytes as well as, the frequencies of CD4+ central and effector memory cells increased, and the frequencies of CD4+ naïve T cells, transitional memory, stem cell memory T cells, and regulatory cells decreased from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateaued thereafter. In addition, the frequencies of CD8+ central memory, effector, and terminal effector memory T cells increased, and the frequencies of CD8+ naïve cells, transitional memory, and stem cell memory T cells decreased from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateaued thereafter. The plasma levels of IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐15, and IL‐21—common γc cytokines started decreasing from Days 15–30 till Days 151–180. Severe COVID‐19 patients exhibit decreased levels of lymphocyte counts and frequencies, higher frequencies of naïve cells, regulatory T cells, lower frequencies of central memory, effector memory, and stem cell memory, and elevated plasma levels of IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐15, and IL‐21. Finally, there was a significant correlation between memory T cell subsets and common γc cytokines. Thus, the study provides evidence of alterations in lymphocyte counts, memory T cell subset frequencies, and common γ−chain cytokines in convalescent COVID‐19 individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Arul Nancy Pandiaraj
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Rachel Mariam Renji
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkataramani
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Manoj Murhekar
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Near Ambattur, Ayapakkam, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Near Ambattur, Ayapakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Manickam Ponnaiah
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Near Ambattur, Ayapakkam, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Subash Babu
- ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
99947
|
Vanillin attenuates proinflammatory factors in a tMCAO mouse model via inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 491:65-74. [PMID: 35276304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin has been reported to reduce hippocampal neuronal death in rat models of global cerebral ischemia. However, the immunoregulatory mechanism of vanillin in ischemic stroke is still unclear. To investigate the role of vanillin in a mouse model of ischemic stroke, we administered vanillin to mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) by tail vein injection. Vanillin reduced infarct volume and improved motor function in mice after ischemia and reperfusion. IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in ischemic brain tissue of tMCAO mice after vanillin treatment compared with saline treatment. Similar effects were observed using the in vitro LPS-stimulated microglia cell model. Moreover, the reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the vanillin group was related to TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Taken together, the findings suggest that vanillin decreased microglial activation by inhibiting the TLR4 /NF-κB signaling pathway, which reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and finally reduced the infarct volume and improved motor function in tMCAO mice.
Collapse
|
99948
|
Li X, Xue S, Zhan Q, Sun X, Chen N, Li S, Zhao J, Hou X, Yuan X. Sequential Delivery of Different MicroRNA Nanocarriers Facilitates the M1-to-M2 Transition of Macrophages. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8174-8183. [PMID: 35284756 PMCID: PMC8908531 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The early-stage repair of bone injuries dominated by the inflammatory phase is significant for successful bone healing, and the phenotypic transition of macrophages in the inflammatory phase plays indispensable roles during the bone healing process. The goal of this paper is to design a microRNA delivery nanocarrier for strictly temporal guidance of the polarization of macrophages by the sequential delivery of different microRNAs. The results showed that microRNA nanocarriers, synthesized through free radical polymerization, could be internalized by macrophages with about a cellular uptake efficiency of 80%, and the sequential delivery of microRNA-155 nanocarriers and microRNA-21 nanocarriers proved, for the first time, that it could promote an efficient and timely switch from the M1 to the M2 phenotype along the time point of bone tissue repair. The strategy proposed in this paper holds potential for controlling sequential M1-to-M2 polarization of macrophages, which provides another perspective for the treatment of bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Li
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Suling Xue
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sidi Li
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai
University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
99949
|
Zhao AG, Shah K, Cromer B, Sumer H. Comparative analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells by different isolation methods and visualisation of their uptake. Exp Cell Res 2022; 414:113097. [PMID: 35276207 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various types of cells secrete extracellular vesicle (EVs) which contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and play important roles in inter-cellular signalling and pathological processes to impact the recipient cells. EVs have demonstrated their potential as biomarkers for disease and as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. In recent times, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are widely used as a promising medicinal product in many clinical applications, are being tested in many preclinical trials. However, the lack of standardization of MSC-derived EV isolation and analysis methods, restricts the utility of MSC-derived EVs in the clinical setting. Here, we focused on optimising the isolation method for EVs derived from MSCs. Four samples of EVs were isolated from human adipose derived MSC culture medium by differential ultracentrifugation with three different ultracentrifuge durations to investigate the influence of ultracentrifuge time on quality and quantity of MSC-derived EVs. Additionally, we used a commercial kit to extract EVs from MSC cultured medium and compared it with the ultracentrifugation method. The EV samples were then characterised for particle concentration, protein concentration, size distribution and the presence of known EV protein markers, by western blot and flow cytometry. A comparison of these results for the five samples demonstrated that 1 h of differential ultracentrifugation was optimal to isolate high quality and quantity of MSC-derived EVs from MSC cultured medium. Additionally, fluorescence imaging of the freshly isolated vs frozen EVs showed that freshly isolated EVs are taken up by cells more efficiently than frozen EVs. These finding establish a simple and reliable method of EV isolation from MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Kiran Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Australian Veterinary Stem Cells and Magellan Stem Cells P/L, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill, VIC, 3129, Australia
| | - Brett Cromer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
99950
|
Li Z, Zhang W, Gao F, Tang Q, Kang D, Shen Y. Different Complement Activation Pathways Underly Cognitive Impairment and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined With Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:810335. [PMID: 35370615 PMCID: PMC8967361 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.810335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response and the complement system are associated with cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Activation of the complement system in these diseases occurs mainly through either the classical pathway or the alternative pathway. However, the specific complement proteins involved in the development of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment are still unclear. Here, we investigated complement proteins in serum from patients with T2DM, cognitive impairment, or both T2DM and cognitive impairment. Objective To investigate the levels of serum immune complement proteins in patients with T2DM, cognitive impairment, or T2DM combined with cognitive impairment and the associations between these complement proteins and risk factors for T2DM or cognitive impairment. Methods Clinical markers were collected from blood samples of 264 participants. Luminex multiplex assays were used to detect serum complement proteins. All statistical analyses were performed using Prism or R studio. Results There was a difference in serum levels of the complement proteins C1q, C3, C3b, and FH between the three different groups. Hyperglycemia was significantly correlated with elevated C3b or reduced C3, C1q, and FH. In addition, hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with elevated levels of C3, C4, C1q, and FH proteins. There was an association between C1q, C3, C4, and FH and β-pancreas cell function, whereas only FH was associated with insulin resistance. Higher serum C1q was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusion Serum levels of complement proteins were closely associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. We found that classical complement pathway activation mainly occurred in the cognitive impairment only group, whereas the alternative pathway may reflect T2DM and T2DM with cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiqiang Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Shen,
| | - Dongmei Kang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Shen,
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Shen,
| |
Collapse
|