99901
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Huang S, Hu P, Lakowski TM. Bioinformatics driven discovery of small molecule compounds that modulate the FOXM1 and PPARA pathway activities in breast cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2022:10.1038/s41397-022-00297-1. [PMID: 36424525 PMCID: PMC10382320 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-022-00297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur previous studies demonstrated that the FOXM1 pathway is upregulated and the PPARA pathway downregulated in breast cancer (BC), and especially in the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Targeting the two pathways may offer potential therapeutic strategies to treat BC, especially TNBC which has the fewest effective therapies available among all BC subtypes. In this study we identified small molecule compounds that could modulate the PPARA and FOXM1 pathways in BC using two methods. In the first method, data were initially curated from the Connectivity Map (CMAP) database, which provides the gene expression profiles of MCF7 cells treated with different compounds as well as paired controls. We then calculated the changes in the FOXM1 and PPARA pathway activities from the compound-induced gene expression profiles under each treatment to identify compounds that produced a decreased activity in the FOXM1 pathway or an increased activity in the PPARA pathway. In the second method, the CMAP database tool was used to identify compounds that could reverse the expression pattern of the two pathways in MCF7 cells. Compounds identified as repressing the FOXM1 pathway or activating the PPARA pathway by the two methods were compared. We identified 19 common compounds that could decrease the FOXM1 pathway activity scores and reverse the FOXM1 pathway expression pattern, and 13 common compounds that could increase the PPARA pathway activity scores and reverse the PPARA pathway expression pattern. It may be of interest to validate these compounds experimentally to further investigate their effects on TNBCs.
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99902
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Fusion Cell Markers in Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with High-Grade Ovarian Serous Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314687. [PMID: 36499015 PMCID: PMC9740150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is primarily a disease in which late diagnosis is linked to poor prognosis, and unfortunately, detection and management are still challenging. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a potential resource to address this disease. Cell fusion, an event discovered recently in CTCs expressing carcinoma and leukocyte markers, occurs when ≥2 cells become a single entity (hybrid cell) after the merging of their plasma membranes. Cell fusion is still poorly understood despite continuous evaluations in in vitro/in vivo studies. Blood samples from 14 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil) were collected with the aim to analyze the CTCs/hybrid cells and their correlation to clinical outcome. The EDTA collected blood (6 mL) from patients was used to isolate/identify CTCs/hybrid cells by ISET. We used markers with possible correlation with the phenomenon of cell fusion, such as MC1-R, EpCAM and CD45, as well as CEN8 expression by CISH analysis. Samples were collected at three timepoints: baseline, after one month (first follow-up) and after three months (second follow-up) of treatment with olaparib (total sample = 38). Fourteen patients were included and in baseline and first follow-up all patients showed at least one CTC. We found expression of MC1-R, EpCAM and CD45 in cells (hybrid) in at least one of the collection moments. Membrane staining with CD45 was found in CTCs from the other cohort, from the other center, evaluated by the CellSearch® system. The presence of circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in the first follow-up was associated with a poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (5.2 vs. 12.2 months; p = 0.005). The MC1-R expression in CTM in the first and second follow-ups was associated with a shorter RFS (p = 0.005). CEN8 expression in CTCs was also related to shorter RFS (p = 0.035). Our study identified a high prevalence of CTCs in ovarian cancer patients, as well as hybrid cells. Both cell subtypes demonstrate utility in prognosis and in the assessment of response to treatment. In addition, the expression of MC1-R and EpCAM in hybrid cells brings new perspectives as a possible marker for this phenomenon in ovarian cancer.
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99903
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Kamiya A, Ida K. Liver Injury and Cell Survival in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Regulated by Sex-Based Difference through B Cell Lymphoma 6. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233751. [PMID: 36497010 PMCID: PMC9737870 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a crucial organ for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms and is the center of various metabolic functions. Therefore, abnormal metabolic activity, as in metabolic syndrome, leads to pathological conditions, such as abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver. Inflammation and cell death are induced by several stresses in the fatty liver, namely steatohepatitis. In recent years, an increase in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is not dependent on excessive alcohol intake, has become an issue as a major cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. There are several recent findings on functional sex-based differences, NASH, and cell stress and death in the liver. In particular, NASH-induced liver injury and tumorigeneses were suppressed by B cell lymphoma 6, the transcriptional factor regulating sex-based liver functional gene expression. In this review, we discuss cell response to stress and lipotoxicity in NASH and its regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kamiya
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-463-93-1121 (ext. 2783); Fax: +81-463-95-3522
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99904
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Shen J, Wang Z. Recent advances in the progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer: A review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:934249. [PMID: 36505771 PMCID: PMC9730822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.934249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with palliative therapy, which had a poor curative effect and a short survival time. In recent years, the clinical research of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer has made a breakthrough and has become an important treatment for advanced gastric cancer. The modes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer include single drug, combined chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and multiple immune drug combination therapy, among which combination therapy shows better clinical efficacy, and a large number of trials are currently exploring more effective combination therapy programs. In this paper, the new clinical research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer is reviewed, with an emphasis on combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhongming Wang,
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99905
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Ameliorative and Renoprotective Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Blood Sugar, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine Levels, and the Islets of Langerhans Weight in Diabetic Mice. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:7922892. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7922892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease or disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels as well as impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to insulin function insufficiency. Insulin deficiency can be caused by impaired or deficient insulin production by Langerhans beta cells in the pancreas or by a lack of responsiveness of the body's cells to insulin. This study aims to the effects of electrostimulation on the ameliorative (improves disease manifestations) or renoprotective (protects the kidneys) in a diabetic rat model using noninvasive (electrical stimulation with the magnetic and nonmagnetic electrode) and invasive (using needles) methods. This study used 25 female rats, with a normal control group (KN), a diabetes control group (KD), a needle treatment group (A), an electro-stimulator treatment group with a magnetic electrode (M), and an ES group with a nonmagnetic electrode (ES) (L). The electro-stimulator used AES-05 with a magnetic field strength of 90 mT at two acupoints, Pishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23). The treatment was administered 12 times in one month with a therapy time of 6.6 minutes per session. Body weight and blood sugar levels were compared before and after the treatment. After treatment, the diameter of the islets of Langerhans, as well as levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), was measured. Furthermore, statistical analysis was performed (α = 0.05). The results of this study showed that electrical stimulation treatments with needle-invasive, noninvasive magnetic electrodes, and nonmagnetic electrodes significantly reduced diabetic rats’ blood glucose levels before and after the treatment. The analysis of the diameter of the islets of Langerhans revealed a significant difference between the treatment groups. The analysis of creatinine levels revealed a significant difference between groups, but creatinine levels in the group with the magnetic electrode (0.58 ± 0.17 mg/dL) were not significantly different from the control group (0.58 ± 0.07 mg/dL). The BUN test results revealed a significant difference compared with the diabetic control group, but no significant difference with the magnetic electrode treatment group. Conclusion. Based on the results, the most effective therapy for diabetes is a noninvasive method with magnetic (M) electrodes.
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99906
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Mani I, Alexopoulos T, Vasilieva L, Alexopoulou A. Serum troponin is elevated in acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure and is associated with severity of liver disease and short-term mortality. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36424717 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2131333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of high sensitive cardiac Troponin (hs-cTn) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and liver-related acute events is not well established. AIM To assess the prognostic performance of hs-cTn I in acute decompensation (AD) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). METHODS Two cohorts of consecutive patients, a derivation (retrospective) and a validation (prospective), were evaluated and 30-day-mortality was recorded. Hs-cTnI values were measured. Very low hs-cTnΙ (4 ng/L) was considered the cutoff-level. RESULTS A total of 296 patients with LC [69.3% male, median age 57 (IQR 51-68) years, MELD score 19 (13-25), ACLF (29.4%), AD (48.3%), and without liver-related acute events (22.3%)] were included in the derivation cohort. The 66.2% of total patients had hs-cTnI ≥4 ng/L. Patients with hs-cTnI ≥4 ng/L were older and had more severe LC compared to those with <4ng/L. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (p < 0.001) and MELD (p = 0.001) were independent variables associated with elevated hs-cTnI after adjustment for age, sex and hepatic encephalopathy in total patients.When ACLF and AD were analyzed separately, the mortality was higher in patients with hs-cTnI ≥ 4 ng/L compared to lower values (log-rank p = 0.036 and p = 0.019, respectively). In multivariate analysis, MELD (p < 0.001) and hs-cTnI ≥4 ng/L (p = 0.032) were independent prognostic factors of mortality in ACLF/AD groups, after adjustment for age and sex. Similar results were obtained from the validation cohort (N = 148). CONCLUSIONS hs-cTnI levels were higher in patients with severe liver disease. The low cutoff-point of 4 ng/L is accurate in ruling out non-survivors mainly in AD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Mani
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Alexopoulos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alexandra Alexopoulou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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99907
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Wongkanong C, Patumanond J, Ratanachu‐ek T, Junrungsee S, Tantraworasin A. Common bile duct stone-related parameters and their potential prognostic values for stone extraction requiring endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation. JGH Open 2022; 7:16-23. [PMID: 36660050 PMCID: PMC9840188 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim For difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones, endoscopic sphincterotomy accompanied by endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation (EPLBD) may be the preferred initial procedure according to the selection criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between CBD stone-related parameters and their potential prognostic values for technically difficult CBD stone extraction requiring EPLBD. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 80 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, or the aforementioned procedures combined with EPLBD, resulting in successful CBD stone extraction in the first session from January 2018 and December 2021. The association between CBD stone-related parameters and stone extraction requiring EPLBD was analyzed by multivariable risk regression analysis. Results In multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of CBD stone extraction that required EPLBD were CBD stones larger than distal CBD diameter by >2 mm (risk ratio [RR] 2.34, 95% CI 1.30-4.19) and the presence of shaped stones (round shape RR 1.69 [95% CI 1.05-2.73]; square shape RR 2.34 [95% CI 1.24, 4.44] vs oval shape). Conclusion Endoscopic CBD stone removal is technically difficult in patients with stones larger than 2 mm in diameter in comparison to the distal CBD diameter or round or square-shaped stones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayanton Patumanond
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Thawee Ratanachu‐ek
- Surgical Endoscopy Unit, Department of SurgeryRajavithi HospitalBangkokThailand,Department of Medical ServicesMinistry of Public HealthBangkokThailand
| | - Sunhawit Junrungsee
- Clinical Surgical Research CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Apichat Tantraworasin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand,Clinical Surgical Research CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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99908
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Zieleniak A, Zurawska-Klis M, Cypryk K, Wozniak L, Wojcik M. Transcriptomic Dysregulation of Inflammation-Related Genes in Leukocytes of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during and after Pregnancy: Identifying Potential Biomarkers Relevant to Glycemic Abnormality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314677. [PMID: 36499008 PMCID: PMC9737950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), little is known about the transcriptional response of inflammation-related genes linked to metabolic phenotypes of GDM women during and after pregnancy, which may be potential diagnostic classifiers for GDM and biomarkers for predicting AGT. To address these questions, gene expression of IL6, IL8, IL10, IL13, IL18, TNFA, and the nuclear factor κB (NFκB)/RELA transcription factor were quantified in leukocytes of 28 diabetic women at GDM diagnosis (GDM group) and 1-year postpartum (pGDM group: 10 women with AGT and 18 normoglycemic women), using a nested RT-PCR method. Control pregnancies with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group; n = 31) were closely matched for maternal age, gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight, and gestational weight gain. Compared with the NGT group, IL8 was downregulated in the GDM group, and IL13 and RELA were upregulated in the pGDM group, whereas IL6, IL10, and IL18 were upregulated in the GDM and pGDM groups. The TNFA level did not change from pregnancy to postpartum. Associations of some cytokines with glycemic measures were detected in pregnancy (IL6 and RELA) and postpartum (IL10) (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that IL6, IL8, and IL18, if employed alone, can discriminate GDM patients from NGT individuals at GDM diagnosis, with the area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.844, (95% CI 0.736−0.953), 0.771 (95% CI 0.651−0.890), and 0.714 (95% CI 0.582−0.846), respectively. By the logistic regression method, we also identified a three-gene panel (IL8, IL13, and TNFA) for postpartum AGT prediction. This study demonstrates a different transcriptional response of the studied genes in clinically well-characterized women with GDM at GDM diagnosis and 1-year postpartum, and provides novel transcriptomic biomarkers for future efforts aimed at diagnosing GDM and identifying the high risk of postpartum AGT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Zieleniak
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zurawska-Klis
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lucyna Wozniak
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Wojcik
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426-393-238
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99909
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Barros LCTRD, Santos BMRTD, Ferreira GDSA, Gomes VMDS, Vieira LPB. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with esophageal stenosis: A case report. World J Surg Proced 2022; 12:13-19. [DOI: 10.5412/wjsp.v12.i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition, characterized by duodenal obstruction caused by compression of its third part by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Most cases of SMAS are associated with weight loss, and the most frequent clinical manifestations are nausea, vomiting, postprandial fullness, and abdominal pain. Treatment of SMAS is usually conservative, consisting mainly of adequate nutritional support, but in refractory cases surgery may be necessary, with gastrojejunostomy and duodenojejunostomy being the most commonly performed procedures.
CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a man in his forties with a pre-existing diagnosis of esophageal stricture due to sodium hydroxide ingestion, who suffered significant weight loss after replacement of his jejunostomy tube. He was admitted to the hospital due to pain and abdominal distension. A computerized tomography scan showed significant distension of the stomach and duodenum with narrowing of the duodenum at the point at which it is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery, thus establishing the diagnosis of SMAS. Due to the presence of the esophageal stricture, the patient was incapable of emesis; however, passage of a nasogastric tube for decompression was not possible. Considering the risk of gastric perforation due to distention, we opted for surgical treatment in the form of a surgical gastrojejunostomy after which he showed complete resolution of all symptoms and was discharged from the hospital 5 d after the procedure.
CONCLUSION Diagnosis of SMAS can be challenging in patients with esophageal stenosis, and risk of gastric perforation may preclude conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo de Sousa Arantes Ferreira
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, Brasilia 70658-700, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Celio de Castro, Belo Horizonte 30620090, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Mikaelly da Silva Gomes
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31710350, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorenna Paulinelli Bahia Vieira
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31710350, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Celio de Castro, Belo Horizonte 30620090, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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99910
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Gallagher R, Chow CK, Parker H, Neubeck L, Celermajer DS, Redfern J, Tofler G, Buckley T, Schumacher T, Hyun K, Boroumand F, Figtree G. The effect of a game-based mobile app 'MyHeartMate' to promote lifestyle change in coronary disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 4:33-42. [PMID: 36743873 PMCID: PMC9890079 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims Secondary prevention reduces coronary heart disease (CHD) progression. Traditional prevention programs including cardiac rehabilitation are under-accessed, which smartphone apps may overcome. To evaluate the effect of a game-based mobile app intervention (MyHeartMate) to improve cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. Methods and results Single-blind randomized trial of CHD patients in Sydney, 2017-2021. Intervention group were provided the MyHeartMate app for 6 months. Co-designed features included an avatar of the patient's heart and tokens earned by risk factor work (tracking, challenges, and quizzes). The control group received usual care. Primary outcome was self-reported physical activity [metabolic equivalents (METs), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire] and secondary outcomes included lipid levels, blood pressure (BP), body mass index, and smoking. Pre-specified sample size was achieved (n = 390), age 61.2 ± 11.5 years; 82.5% men and 9.2% current smokers. At 6 months, adjusted for baseline levels, the intervention group achieved more physical activity than control (median difference 329 MET mins/wk), which was not statistically significant (95% CI -37.4, 696; P = 0.064). No differences occurred between groups on secondary outcomes except for lower triglyceride levels in the intervention [mean difference -0.3 (95% CI -0.5, -0.1 mmoL/L, P = 0.004)]. Acceptability was high: 94.8% of intervention participants engaged by tracking exercise or BP and completing missions; 26.8% continued to engage for ≥30 days. Participants (n = 14) reported the app supported tracking behaviours and risk factors, reinforcing and improving self-care confidence, and decreasing anxiety. Conclusion A game-based app proved highly acceptable for patients with CHD but did not improve risk factors or lifestyle behaviours other than triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, New South Wales 2006, Australia,Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Helen Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Building D17 Johns Hopkins Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lis Neubeck
- The Centre for Cardiovascular Health, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Close, Sighthill, EH11 4QD, UK
| | - David S Celermajer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia,Clinical Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Julie Redfern
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Tofler
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road St, Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Reserve Road St, Leonards, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Buckley
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Building D17 Johns Hopkins Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Reserve Road St, Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Tracy Schumacher
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Ring Road, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Karice Hyun
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Farzaneh Boroumand
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Building D17 Johns Hopkins Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Herring Road, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road St, Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Reserve Road St, Leonards, New South Wales 2006, Australia,Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Reserve Road St, Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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99911
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Lin L, Gao Y, Hu X, Ouyang J, Liu C. Pentamidine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in endometrial cancer via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:470. [PMID: 36434592 PMCID: PMC9700983 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentamidine has been reported to have many pharmacological effects including anti- protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Pentamidine and molecular mechanisms of Pentamidine on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway underlying the anti-tumor properties in endometrial cancer. METHODS Our study was carried out in the central laboratory of Harbin Medical University from 2019 to 2021. Human endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A were treated with Pentamidine. The proliferation ability of cells was investigated by MTS and colony formation assays. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by using the wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blotting was performed to measure the levels of AKT, p-AKT, MMP-2, and MMP-9. RESULTS Our results revealed that treatment of Pentamidine inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of Ishikawa and HEC-1A endometrial cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation showed that Pentamidine inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and also reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, co-treatment with PI3K kinase inhibitor LY294002 and Pentamidine leaded to increased repression of cell viability and the protein expression of p-AKT in Ishikawa cells. CONCLUSIONS Pentamidine suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells. These findings suggested that Pentamidine might be a potential candidate for treating EC through PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunan Gao
- grid.411491.8Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin city, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Ouyang
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin city, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Liu
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin city, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
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99912
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Ishida-Ishihara S, Takada R, Furusawa K, Ishihara S, Haga H. Improvement of the cell viability of hepatocytes cultured in three-dimensional collagen gels using pump-free perfusion driven by water level difference. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20269. [PMID: 36434099 PMCID: PMC9700666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-containing collagen gels are one of the materials employed in tissue engineering and drug testing. A collagen gel is a useful three-dimensional (3D) scaffold that improves various cell functions compared to traditional two-dimensional plastic substrates. However, owing to poor nutrient availability, cells are not viable in thick collagen gels. Perfusion is an effective method for supplying nutrients to the gel. In this study, we maintained hepatocytes embedded in a 3D collagen gel using a simple pump-free perfusion cell culture system with ordinary cell culture products. Flow was generated by the difference in water level in the culture medium. Hepatocytes were found to be viable in a collagen gel of thickness 3.26 (± 0.16 S.E.)-mm for 3 days. In addition, hepatocytes had improved proliferation and gene expression related to liver function in a 3D collagen gel compared to a 2D culture dish. These findings indicate that our perfusion method is useful for investigating the cellular functions of 3D hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Ishida-Ishihara
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Functional Life Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21-W11, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan
| | - Ryota Takada
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kazuya Furusawa
- grid.440871.e0000 0000 9829 078XFaculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen 3-6-1, Fukui, 910-8505 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ishihara
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, N21-W11, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Hokkaido University, Room 2-602, Science Bld., N10-W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, N21-W11, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Hokkaido University, Room 2-612, Science Bld., N10-W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
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99913
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Ozaki M, Glasgow A, Oglesby IK, Ng WL, Kelly S, Greene CM, Durcan L, Hurley K. Sexual Dimorphism in Interstitial Lung Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123030. [PMID: 36551792 PMCID: PMC9775147 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a group of heterogeneous progressive pulmonary disorders, characterised by tissue remodelling and/or fibrotic scarring of the lung parenchyma. ILD patients experience lung function decline with progressive symptoms, poor response to treatment, reduced quality of life and high mortality. ILD can be idiopathic or associated with systemic or connective tissue diseases (CTD) but idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form. While IPF has a male predominance, women are affected more greatly by CTD and therefore associated ILDs. The mechanisms behind biological sex differences in these progressive lung diseases remain unclear. However, differences in environmental exposures, variable expression of X-chromosome related inflammatory genes and sex hormones play a role. Here, we will outline sex-related differences in the incidence, progression and mechanisms of action of these diseases and discuss existing and novel cellular and pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, we will highlight how sex-differences are not adequately considered in pre-clinical disease models, how gender bias exists in clinical diagnosis and how women are underrepresented in clinical trials. Future action on these observations will hopefully shed light on the role of biological sex in disease development, identify potential targets for intervention and increase female participant numbers in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ozaki
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Arlene Glasgow
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Irene K. Oglesby
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wan Lin Ng
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Rheumatology, Beaumont Hospital, D09V2N0 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sile Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Catherine M. Greene
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Laura Durcan
- Department of Rheumatology, Beaumont Hospital, D09V2N0 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Killian Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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99914
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Effects of Various Marine Toxins on the Mouse Intestine Organoid Model. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120829. [PMID: 36548726 PMCID: PMC9784231 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their trace existence, exquisite structure and unique role, highly toxic marine biotoxins have always led to the development of natural product identification, structure and function research, chemistry and biosynthesis, and there are still many deficiencies in the injury and protection of highly toxic organisms, toxin biosynthesis, rapid detection, poisoning and diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a mouse intestine organoid (MIO) model was constructed to explore the effects of the marine toxins okadaic acid (OA) and conotoxin (CgTx) on MIO. The results showed that the cell mortality caused by the two toxins at middle and high concentrations was significantly higher than the cell mortality of the control group, the ATPase activity in each group exposed to OA was significantly lower than the ATPase activity of the control group, all the CgTx groups were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the number of apoptotic cells was not significantly higher than the number of apoptotic cells of the control group. Through RNA-Seq differential genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) experimental results, it was demonstrated that OA reduced cell metabolism and energy production by affecting cell transcription in MIO. Ultimately, cell death resulted. In contrast, CgTx upregulated the intracellular hormone metabolism pathway by affecting the nuclear receptor pathway of MIO, which resulted in cell death and the generation of energy in large amounts.
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99915
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Whole transcriptome analysis of HCT-8 cells infected by Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:441. [PMID: 36434735 PMCID: PMC9700907 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium species are zoonotic protozoans that are important causes of diarrhoeal disease in both humans and animals. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in the innate immune defense against Cryptosporidium infection, but the underlying molecular mechanisms in the interaction between human ileocecal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8) cells and Cryptosporidium species have not been entirely revealed. METHODS The expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the early phase of infection of HCT-8 cells with Cryptosporidium parvum and at 3 and 12 h post infection were analyzed using the RNA-sequencing technique. The biological functions of differentially expressed RNAs (dif-RNAs) were discovered through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The targeting relationships between three ncRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods, followed by building a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network centered on miRNAs. RESULTS After strictly filtering the raw data, our analysis revealed 393 dif-lncRNAs, 69 dif-miRNAs and 115 dif-mRNAs at 3 hpi, and 450 dif-lncRNAs, 129 dif-miRNAs, 117 dif-mRNAs and one dif-circRNA at 12 hpi. Of these, 94 dif-lncRNAs, 24 dif-miRNAs and 22 dif-mRNAs were detected at both post-infection time points. Eleven dif-lncRNAs, seven dif-miRNAs, eight dif-mRNAs and one circRNA were randomly selected and confirmed using the quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the dif-mRNAs were significantly enriched in nutritional absorption, metabolic processes and metabolism-related pathways, while the dif-lncRNAs were mainly involved in the pathways related to the infection and pathogenicity of C. parvum (e.g. tight junction protein) and immune-related pathways (e.g. cell adhesion molecules). In contrast, dif-miRNAs and dif-circRNA were significantly enriched in apoptosis and apoptosis-related pathways. Among the downregulated RNAs, the miRNAs has-miR-324-3p and hsa-miR-3127-5p appear to be crucial miRNAs which could negatively regulate circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The whole transcriptome profiles of HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum were obtained in this study. The results of the GO and KEGG pathway analyses suggest significant roles for these dif-RNAs during the course of C. parvum infection. A ceRNA regulation network containing miRNA at its center was constructed for the first time, with hsa-miR-324-3p and hsa-miR-3127-5p being the crucial miRNAs. These findings provide novel insights into the responses of human intestinal epithelial cells to C. parvum infection.
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99916
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Pancreatic Steatosis Evaluated by Automated Volumetric CT Fat Fraction of the Pancreas: Association with Severity in COVID-19 Pneumonia. Tomography 2022; 8:2806-2814. [PMID: 36548526 PMCID: PMC9784887 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between the severity of pneumonia based on chest CT findings and that of pancreatic steatosis assessed using an automated volumetric measurement of the CT fat volume fraction (CT-FVF) of the pancreas, using unenhanced three-dimensional CT in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients. The study population consisted of 128 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection who underwent CT examinations. The CT-FVF of the pancreas was calculated using a histogram analysis for the isolation of fat-containing voxels in the pancreas. The CT-FVF (%) of the pancreas had a significantly positive correlation with the lung severity score on CT (ρ = 0.549, p < 0.01). CT-FVF (%) of the pancreas in the severe pneumonia group was significantly higher than that of the non-severe pneumonia group (21.7% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.01). The area under the curve of CT-FVF (%) of the pancreas in predicting the severity of pneumonia on CT was calculated to be 0.82, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 68% at a threshold for the severity score of 12.3. The automated volumetric measurement of the CT-FVF of the pancreas using unenhanced CT can help estimate disease severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia based on chest CT findings.
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99917
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Miao YS, Li YY, Cheng BW, Zhan YF, Zeng S, Zhou XJ, Chen YX, Lv NH, Li GH. Clinical analysis of 45 cases of perforation were identified during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1039954. [PMID: 36507518 PMCID: PMC9729696 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1039954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become an important method to diagnose and treat biliary-pancreatic diseases. Perforations are infrequent but serious complications can occur during ERCPs. However, it is unclear which patients are suitable for surgery and when these patients should receive surgery. Aim To analyze the outcome of 45 patients with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) related perforation. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed all 45 patients with ERCP-related perforation between January 2003 and December 2017, and observed the location and causes of perforation, treatment strategies, and mortality. Results Twenty thousand four hundred and seventy-nine patients received ERCP procedures from January 2003 to December 2017 in our digestive endoscopy center. Forty-five patients suffered from ERCP-related perforations. The incidence rate of ERCP-related perforations was 0.22%. Twenty-six patients suffered from periampullary perforations, 15 patients suffered from duodenal wall perforations, 1 patient suffered from a fundus perforation, 1 patient suffered from a residual gallbladder duct perforation, 1 patient suffered from a papillary diverticulum perforation, and 1 patient suffered from an intrahepatic bile duct perforation. Six patients with duodenal perforations underwent surgery, and the other patients received conservative treatment. One patient with a duodenal perforation and ERCP-related pancreatitis died of heart failure, and all the other patients recovered. The mortality rate was 2.2%. Conclusion Endoscopic closure is seen as the first method for treating Stapfer type I perforations in the early phase, and surgery is seen as a remedial method when local treatment was failed. The Stapfer type II to type IV perforations can recover by conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Shui Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo-Wen Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Record Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - You-Xiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Guo-Hua Li,
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99918
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Li BQ, Liu XY, Mao T, Zheng TH, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li XY. The research progress of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1050274. [PMID: 36505827 PMCID: PMC9730810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas, caused by multiple factors and accompanied by irreversible impairment of pancreatic internal and external secretory functions. Pathologically, atrophy of the pancreatic acini, tissue fibrosis or calcification, focal edema, inflammation, and necrosis are observed. Clinical manifestations include recurrent or persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea, emaciation, and diabetes. In addition, CP is prone to develop into pancreatic cancer(PC) due to persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The disease course is prolonged and the clinical prognosis is poor. Currently, clinical treatment of CP is still based on symptomatic treatment and there is a lack of effective etiological treatment. Encouragingly, experiments have shown that a variety of active substances have great potential in the etiological treatment of chronic pancreatitis. In this paper, we will review the pathogenesis of CP, as well as the research progress on anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies, which will provide new ideas for the development of subsequent clinical studies and formulation of effective treatment programs, and help prevent CP from developing into pancreatic cancer and reduce the prevalence of PC as much as possible.
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99919
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Zhao F, Yang D, He J, Ju X, Ding Y, Li X. Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1007538. [PMID: 36505787 PMCID: PMC9730808 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1007538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple summary Accurately estimate the prognosis of patients with ECCA is important. However, the TNM system has some limitations, such as low accuracy, exclusion of other factors (e.g., age and sex), and poor performance in predicting individual survival risk. In contrast, a nomogram-based clinical model related to a comprehensive analysis of all risk factors is intuitive and straightforward, facilitating the probabilistic analysis of tumor-related risk factors. Simultaneously, a nomogram can also effectively drive personalized medicine and facilitate clinicians for prognosis prediction. Therefore, we construct a novel practical nomogram and risk stratification system to predict CSS in patients with ECCA. Background Accurately estimate the prognosis of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) was important, but the existing staging system has limitations. The present study aimed to construct a novel practical nomogram and risk stratification system to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in ECCA patients. Methods 3415 patients diagnosed with ECCA between 2010 and 2015 were selected from the SEER database and randomized into a training cohort and a validation cohort at 7:3. The nomogram was identified and calibrated using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and the risk stratification were used to compare the nomogram with the AJCC staging system. Results Nine variables were selected to establish the nomogram. The C-index (training cohort:0.785; validation cohort:0.776) and time-dependent AUC (>0.7) showed satisfactory discrimination. The calibration plots also revealed that the nomogram was consistent with the actual observations. The NRI (training cohort: 1-, 2-, and 3-year CSS:0.27, 0.27,0.52; validation cohort:1-,2-,3-year CSS:0.48,0.13,0.34), IDI (training cohort: 1-, 2-, 3-year CSS:0.22,0.18,0.16; validation cohort: 1-,2-,3-year CSS:0.18,0.16,0.17), and DCA indicated that the established nomogram significantly outperformed the AJCC staging system (P<0.05) and had better recognition compared to the AJCC staging system. Conclusions We developed a practical prognostic nomogram to help clinicians assess the prognosis of patients with ECCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dashuai Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiahui He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianli Ju
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Youming Ding, ; Xiangpan Li,
| | - Xiangpan Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Youming Ding, ; Xiangpan Li,
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99920
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Chen X, Hong J, Li Y, An C, Guo J, Yang J. Case report: Severe acute hepatitis in a 22-month-old Chinese boy with Omicron sub-variant BA.2.38. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1012638. [PMID: 36504992 PMCID: PMC9731137 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1012638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of severe acute hepatitis (SAH) in children is various. We describe the first Chinese case of severe acute hepatitis in a 22-month-old boy with the mild illness of Omicron sub-variant BA.2.38. With the application of Compound Glycyrrhizin Injection (CGI), the patient gradually recovered from acute liver injury (ALI). This case highlights the possibility of severe ALI in children with the non-critical illness of SARS-CoV-2. The management of SAH associated with the pandemic presents challenges for clinicians, and follow-up is in need. The method of differential diagnosis using limited laboratory results is of great value to the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Xiaorong Luo's Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Hong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caixia An
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianwen Guo
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Xiaorong Luo's Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Jinghua Yang
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99921
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Yang Y, Rao K, Zhan K, Shen M, Zheng H, Qin S, Wu H, Bian Z, Huang S. Clinical evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion for irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1022145. [PMID: 36589968 PMCID: PMC9801330 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1022145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely used in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). But the evidence that acupuncture and moxibustion for IBS reduction of symptom severity and abdominal pain, and improvement of quality of life is scarce. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and unpublished sources were searched from inception until June 30, 2022. The quality of RCTs was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The strength of the evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system (GRADE). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to determine whether the participants in the included trials had reached optimal information size and whether the cumulative data was adequately powered to evaluate outcomes. Results A total of 31 RCTs were included. Acupuncture helped reduce the severity of symptoms more than pharmaceutical drugs (MD, -35.45; 95% CI, -48.21 to -22.68; I 2 = 71%). TSA showed the cumulative Z score crossed O'Brien-Fleming alpha-spending significance boundaries. Acupuncture wasn't associated with symptom severity reduction (SMD, 0.03, 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.31, I 2 = 46%), but exhibited therapeutic benefits on abdominal pain (SMD, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.01; I 2 = 8%) compared to sham acupuncture. Moxibustion show therapeutic benefits compared to sham moxibustion on symptom severity (SMD, -3.46, 95% CI, -5.66 to -1.27, I 2 = 95%) and abdominal pain (SMD, -2.74, 95% CI, -4.81 to -0.67, I 2 = 96%). Acupuncture (SMD, -0.46; 95% CI, -0.68 to -0.24; I 2 = 47%) and the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion (SMD, -2.00; 95% CI, -3.04 to -0.96; I 2 = 90%) showed more benefit for abdominal pain compared to pharmacological medications as well as shams. Acupuncture (MD, 4.56; 95% CI, 1.46-7.67; I 2 = 79%) and moxibustion (MD, 6.97; 95% CI, 5.78-8.16; I 2 = 21%) were more likely to improve quality of life than pharmaceutical drugs. Conclusion Acupuncture and/or moxibustion are beneficial for symptom severity, abdominal pain and quality of life in IBS. However, in sham control trials, acupuncture hasn't exhibited robust and stable evidence, and moxibustion's results show great heterogeneity. Hence, more rigorous sham control trials of acupuncture or moxibustion are necessary. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=262118, identifier CRD42021262118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Yang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Kehan Rao
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Min Shen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huan Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomeng Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Zhaoxiang Bian
| | - Shaogang Huang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaogang Huang
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99922
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Naumann AA, Rodriguez VI, Shychuk A. Recurrent small bowel obstruction as a rare presentation of undiagnosed sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e252486. [PMID: 36423948 PMCID: PMC9693864 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology that is marked by non-caseating granulomas in affected organs. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is the most common manifestation, but gastrointestinal involvement, particularly in the small bowel, is exceedingly rare. While symptom-driven treatment guidelines that are steroid based are well established for pulmonary and few extrapulmonary manifestations (ie, cardiac, neurologic, renal), gastrointestinal sarcoidosis treatment is largely extrapolation with optimal management under investigation. Additionally, few works document small bowel obstruction related to small bowel sarcoidosis. We present a case of short-interval recurrent small bowel obstruction in a man in his sixties that revealed newly diagnosed sarcoidosis with suspected small bowel involvement who never underwent steroid therapy. The patient exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, despite asymptomatic pulmonary disease and a course of prednisone may have reduced his risk of recurrence. We also review suggested gastrointestinal sarcoidosis treatment and surveillance guidelines with focus on the small bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Shychuk
- Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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99923
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Kirloskar KM, Civilette MD, Rate WR, Cohen AS, Haislup BD, Nayar SK, Bodendorfer BM, Gould HP. The 50 most impactful articles on the medial ulnar collateral ligament: An altmetric analysis of online media. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221129921. [PMID: 36451777 PMCID: PMC9703534 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221129921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use the Altmetric Attention Score to determine the 50 most impactful medial ulnar collateral ligament articles in online media and compare their characteristics to the most-cited medial ulnar collateral ligament articles in the scientific literature. The Altmetric database was queried to identify all published articles about the medial ulnar collateral ligament, and this list was stratified by the Altmetric Attention Score to identify the 50 highest scoring articles. Several data elements were extracted, including article topic, article type, journal name, and the number of online mentions on Facebook, Twitter, news, and other platforms. Each article's geographic origin was determined based on the institutional affiliation of the first author. Our index search yielded 1283 articles published between 1987 and 2020, from which the 50 articles with the highest Altmetric Attention Scores were included for analysis. Altmetric Attention Scores of the top 50 medial ulnar collateral ligament articles ranged from 20 to 482 (median: 32, interquartile range: 20-62). The most common article type was original research (72%), and the most common topic was epidemiology/risk factors (26%). A majority of studies were Level 3 (36%) or Level 4 evidence (36%). Of the top 50 medial ulnar collateral ligament articles, 94% originated from the United States. A few articles had a high Altmetric Attention Score, suggesting that medial ulnar collateral ligament research does not generate consistently high online attention. The lack of Level 1 studies suggests the need for high-level studies on the medial ulnar collateral ligament. Most studies originated in the United States and were published in the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine-affiliated journals. The medial ulnar collateral ligament articles included in this study differed substantially from a previous report of the most-cited medial ulnar collateral ligament articles in the literature, suggesting that alternative metrics add a unique dimension to understanding the overall impact of published research on the medial ulnar collateral ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William R Rate
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew S Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brett D Haislup
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suresh K Nayar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Bodendorfer
- Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heath P Gould
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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99924
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Oey O, Liu YY, Sunjaya AF, Simadibrata DM, Khattak MA, Gray E. Gut microbiota diversity and composition in predicting immunotherapy response and immunotherapy-related colitis in melanoma patients: A systematic review. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:929-942. [PMID: 36483977 PMCID: PMC9724183 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i11.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiome (GM) composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) and of ICB-related colitis.
AIM To conduct a systematic review on the role of GM composition and diversity in predicting response and colitis in patients with melanoma treated with ICB.
METHODS The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021228018. From a total of 300 studies, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies were phase I clinical trials, while the remainder were prospective observational studies. All but one study has moderate risk of bias. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com).
RESULTS Fecal samples enriched in Firmicutes phylum were associated with good response to ICB, whereas the Bacteroidales family was associated with poor response to ICB. Samples with greater GM diversity were associated with more favorable response to ICB [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-12.52, P < 0.05]. Fecal samples with a higher abundance in Firmicutes were more susceptible to ICB-related colitis (P < 0.01) whereas samples enriched in Bacteroidetes were more resistant to ICB-related colitis (P < 0.05). Overall, there was limited concordance in the organisms in the GM identified to be associated with response to ICB, and studies evaluating GM diversity showed conflicting results.
CONCLUSION This highlights the need for further prospective studies to confirm whether the GM could be used as a biomarker and potential intervention to modulate ICB response in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Oey
- Department of Medical Oncology, St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospital, Midland, Perth 6004, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Adnan Khattak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth 6150, WA, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, WA, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, WA, Australia
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99925
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Ciernikova S, Sevcikova A, Stevurkova V, Mego M. Tumor microbiome - an integral part of the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1063100. [PMID: 36505811 PMCID: PMC9730887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role in tumor progression and cancer cell survival. Besides malignant cells and non-malignant components, including immune cells, elements of the extracellular matrix, stromal cells, and endothelial cells, the tumor microbiome is considered to be an integral part of the TME. Mounting evidence from preclinical and clinical studies evaluated the presence of tumor type-specific intratumoral bacteria. Differences in microbiome composition between cancerous tissues and benign controls suggest the importance of the microbiome-based approach. Complex host-microbiota crosstalk within the TME affects tumor cell biology via the regulation of oncogenic pathways, immune response modulation, and interaction with microbiota-derived metabolites. Significantly, the involvement of tumor-associated microbiota in cancer drug metabolism highlights the therapeutic implications. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about the emerging role of tumor microbiome in various types of solid malignancies. The clinical utility of tumor microbiome in cancer progression and treatment is also discussed. Moreover, we provide an overview of clinical trials evaluating the role of tumor microbiome in cancer patients. The research focusing on the communication between the gut and tumor microbiomes may bring new opportunities for targeting the microbiome to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia,*Correspondence: Sona Ciernikova,
| | - Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viola Stevurkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
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99926
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Raubinger S, Allworth S, Carey S. When you are living and dying at the same time: A qualitative exploration of living with gastrointestinal motility disorders. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:622-631. [PMID: 36420640 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An expanding base of evidence indicates that chronic gastrointestinal disorders not only impact physical wellbeing, but also affect many psychosocial aspects of life. However, less is known about gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study aimed to explore how individuals experience gastrointestinal motility disorders and their impact on daily living. METHODS Eleven people with a gastrointestinal motility disorder participated in semi-structured interviews face-to-face or via telephone. The interviews explored how participants came to be diagnosed, their experiences with health professionals, as well as the impact of dysmotility on enjoyment of food, socialising, eating out and quality of life (QoL). Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Analysis revealed an overarching theme of frustration that stemmed from three subthemes: (1) feeling misunderstood, judged and dismissed by health professionals leading to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and multiple diagnoses; (2) severity and unpredictability of undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms; and (3) reduced QoL because of physical and social limitations, impairing their ability to have normal life experiences, including education, work and social activities. CONCLUSIONS Dysmotility is a complex illness that impacts almost all aspects of a person's life. In addition to managing reported physical symptoms, the social and psychological burden associated with dysmotility needs to be addressed to improve outcomes and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Raubinger
- Department of Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Allworth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon Carey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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99927
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Endoscopic Oncology: Bridging the Interface Between Gastroenterology and Oncology. ACG Case Rep J 2022; 9:e00893. [PMID: 36447768 PMCID: PMC9699647 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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99928
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Nguyen TT, Hoang NT, Nguyen TV, Ha HT. How Can We Sustain the Training Quality of Radiologic Technology Students During COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Lesson from Vietnam. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1439-1442. [PMID: 36452409 PMCID: PMC9703903 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s386043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiologic technology training required a substantial amount of practice. The traditional teaching approach includes in-hospital placement along with theory classes. During the COVID-19 outbreaks, clinical rotations become impossible. Direct contact with patients raises safety concerns for staff and students. The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for medical universities worldwide. We developed in-house simulation software that can be used for training in radiologic technology. Our preliminary results yielded good efficacy of this novel teaching approach in training radiologic technology students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thao Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Thanh Hoang
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thao Van Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hien Thi Ha
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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99929
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Heo HJ, Park Y, Lee JH, Kim Y, Kim EK, Kim GH, Yu Y, Park SY, Seo HB, Pak K, Goh TS, Park S, Oh SO, Kwon W, Kim YH. Clinical big-data-based design of GLUT2-targeted carbon nanodots for accurate diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17053-17064. [PMID: 36367284 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor due to the delay in diagnosis. Herein, we aimed to discover a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for HCC based on genomic big data analysis and create an HCC-targeted imaging probe using carbon nanodots (CNDs) as contrast agents. In genomic analysis, we selected glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as a potential imaging target for HCC. We confirmed the target suitability by immunohisto-chemistry tests of 339 patient samples, where 81.1% of the patients exhibited underexpression of GLUT2, i.e., higher GLUT2 intensity in non-tumor tissues than in tumor tissues. To visualize GLUT2, we conjugated CNDs with glucosamine (GLN) as a targeting ligand to yield glucosamine-labeled CNDs (GLN-CNDs). A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted on GLUT2-modified HepG2 cells to confirm the specificity of the GLN-CNDs. Since the GLUT2 expression is higher in hepatocytes than in HCC cells, the GLUT2-targeted contrast agent is highly attached to normal cells. However, it is possible to produce images in the same form as the images obtained with a cancer cell-targeted contrast agent by inverting color scaling. Our results indicate that GLUT2 is a promising target for HCC and that GLN-CNDs may potentially be used as targeted imaging probes for diagnosing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonsang Park
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
- Nano Convergence Technology Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Hyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Youn Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hie Bum Seo
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sik Goh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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99930
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Gyllensten H, Humayun J, Sjöbom U, Hellström A, Löfqvist C. Costs associated with retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057864. [PMID: 36424118 PMCID: PMC9693652 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review and analyse evidence regarding costs for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening, lifetime costs and resource use among infants born preterm who develop ROP, and how these costs have developed over time in different regions. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Scopus from inception to 23 June 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Included studies presented costs for ROP screening and the lifetime costs (including laser treatment and follow-up costs) and resource use among people who develop ROP. Studies not reporting on cost calculation methods or ROP-specific costs were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers screened for inclusion and extracted data, including items from a published checklist for quality assessment used for bias assessment, summary and random-effects meta-analysis for treatment costs. Included studies were further searched to identify eligible references and citations. RESULTS In total, 15 studies reported ROP screening costs, and 13 reported lifetime costs (either treatment and/or follow-up costs) for infants with ROP. The range for screening costs (10 studies) was US$5-US$253 per visit, or US$324-US$1072 per screened child (5 studies). Costs for treatment (11 studies) ranged from US$38 to US$6500 per child. Four studies reported healthcare follow-up costs (lifetime costs ranging from US$64 to US$2420, and 10-year costs of US$1695, respectively), and of these, three also reported lifetime costs for blindness (range US$26 686-US$224 295) using secondary cost data. Included papers largely followed the quality assessment checklist items, thus indicating a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION The costs of screening for and treating ROP are small compared with the societal costs of resulting blindness. However, little evidence is available for predicting the effects of changes in patient population, screening schedule or ROP treatments. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020208213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gyllensten
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centred Care, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Jhangir Humayun
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centred Care, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sjöbom
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Chatarina Löfqvist
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centred Care, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
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99931
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Su W, Zhu JG, Li WP, Chen H, Li HW. Gallstone disease and the risk of cardiac mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1033959. [PMID: 36505391 PMCID: PMC9730328 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1033959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallstone disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder, which has previously been reported to be associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association between gallstone disease and long-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and methods A total of consecutive 13,975 ACS patients were included in this analysis. Gallstone disease in our study included both gallstones and cholecystectomy. The primary endpoint was cardiac mortality. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results During a median follow-up period of 2.96 years, 518 (4.2%) patients without gallstone disease and 62 (3.6%) patients in those with gallstone disease suffered cardiac death. After multivariable adjustment for established risk factors, subjects with gallstone disease had decreased risks of both cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality [hazard rate ratios (HR) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.95 and HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.90, respectively]. In patients with performed cholecystectomy, the associations between gallstones and risks for cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality turned out to be non-significant. HRs varied across subgroups depending on the presence of selected established risk factors. Conclusion Presence of gallstone disease was associated with a significantly decreased risk of follow-up mortality in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Gao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jie-Gao Zhu,
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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99932
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia: A Focus on Hypertension. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122937. [PMID: 36552943 PMCID: PMC9776547 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging hemophiliacs face cardiovascular disease. Lots of evidence has been gathered that hemophiliacs have a more unfavorable cardiovascular profile than the general population does, especially due to the increased prevalence of hypertension (HTN). Among the existing scattered evidence, our study provides the most comprehensive and systematized analysis of the determinants of HTN in hemophiliacs. We discussed the contribution to the HTN substrate of hemophilia-specific factors, such as type, severity and the presence of inhibitors. The complex mechanism of kidney dysfunction in relation to hematuria and viral infections was meticulously addressed. Furthermore, we highlighted the new pathogenic concepts of endothelial dysfunction and the association between HTN and hemophilic arthropathy. The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is common in hemophiliacs, and it enhances the negative vascular effect of HTN and aggravates HTN. It usually leads to an increased risk for coronary and cerebrovascular events. Our work provides reliable evidence to guide and improve the management of HTN in hemophiliacs.
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99933
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Zhang M, Lei Q, Huang X, Wang Y. Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and the potential therapeutic targets of ferroptosis signaling pathways for glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1071897. [PMID: 36506514 PMCID: PMC9729877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of cell death that differs from autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis, and its molecular characteristics include iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial morphology changes, and membrane permeability damage. These characteristics are closely related to various human diseases, especially tumors of the nervous system. Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system, and the 5-year survival rate is only 4%-5%. This study reviewed the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in glioblastoma and the research status and progress on ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target. The mechanism of ferroptosis is related to the intracellular iron metabolism level, lipid peroxide content and glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. It is worth exploring how ferroptosis can be applied in disease treatment; however, the relation between ferroptosis and other apoptosis methods is poorly understood and methods of applying ferroptosis to drug-resistant tumors are insufficient. Ferroptosis is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma. In-depth studies of its mechanism of action in glioblastoma and applications for clinical treatment are expected to provide insights for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Yi Wang,
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99934
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Al-Qahtani F, Alqhtani N, Divakar DD, Alkhtani F, Alqarawi FK. Levels of whole salivary advanced glycation end products and interleukin-17 and peri-implant clinical and radiographic status in patients with osteoporosis at 6-years' follow-up. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:526. [PMID: 36424586 PMCID: PMC9685916 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no studies that have assessed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) levels in whole saliva (WS) of patients with dental implants. The aim was to compare levels of AGEs and IL-17A in WS and peri-implant clinical and radiographic status of patients with and without osteoporosis at 6-years' follow-up. METHODS Osteoporotic (Group-1) and systemically healthy controls (Group-2) having undergone dental implant therapy at least 5 years ago were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration and treatment of osteoporosis, number and duration of implants in function, and frequencies of toothbrushing, flossing and hygiene visits. Modified bleeding and plaque indies (mBI and mPI), peri-implant probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded. WS was collected and levels of AGEs and IL-17A were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Sample-size estimation was done and statistical analyses were doing using the independent t- and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Statistical significance was marked for P-values that were below 0.01. RESULTS In patients with (n = 24) and without (n = 27) osteoporosis, implants were in function for 6.3 ± 0.27 and 6.6 ± 0.5 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in peri-implant mBI, PD, mPI and CBL in both groups. Levels of AGE in patients with (119.6 ± 26.5 μg/ml) and without (91.5 ± 14.6 μg/ml) osteoporosis were comparable. Levels of whole salivary IL-17A in patients without and with osteoporosis were 4.6 ± 0.3 and 5.1 ± 0.8 pg/ml, respectively. Flossing of full mouth interproximal spaces once and twice daily toothbrushing daily was reported by 100% patients with osteoporosis. Among patients with osteoporosis 75% and 25% individuals were receiving professional dental prophylaxis every 4 and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study osteoporotic patients are not at an increased risk of peri-implant diseases and can demonstrate salivary AGE and IL-17A levels comparable to non-osteoporotic individuals as long as oral hygiene is stringently maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Al-Qahtani
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Prince-Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Alqhtani
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Dental Medicine, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577204 India
| | - Fahad Alkhtani
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firas K. Alqarawi
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
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99935
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The Expression of Connexin 26 Regulates the Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Signal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314644. [PMID: 36498978 PMCID: PMC9740976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 26 (Cx26) is a protein that constitutes a gap junction and is widely expressed in the liver. Abnormal expression of Cx26 is one of the important mechanisms of liver cancer, and is closely related to the transmission of radiation damage signals between cells. In the present study, we investigated the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells HepG2, with low expression of Cx26, and SK-hep-1, with high expression of Cx26 after X-ray irradiation. The cell survival, micronucleus formation and protein expressions of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway were detected. The expression level of Cx26 could affect the radiosensitivity of liver cancer cells by affecting the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK proteins and regulating the expression of downstream NF-κB. Cell lines with knock-out and overexpression of Cx26 were also built to confirm the findings. Our results suggested that Cx26 might play an important role in the radiosensitivity of liver cancer and could be a potential target for clinical radiotherapy of liver cancer.
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99936
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Echinococcus multilocularis and Other Taeniid Metacestodes of Muskrats in Luxembourg: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Parasite Reproduction, and Genetic Diversity. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121414. [PMID: 36558748 PMCID: PMC9781964 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) are competent intermediate hosts for Echinococcus multilocularis, are frequently infected with this zoonotic cestode, and have even been proposed as a target species to monitor endemicity levels of this parasite. However, their contribution to maintaining the parasitic lifecycle is still unclear. To obtain data on infection frequency and reproductive potential, 280 muskrats from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg were examined for cestode larvae in the years 2013−2017. Based on morphological and molecular identification, Echinococcus multilocularis was found at a prevalence of 14.6%. Other metacestodes were Hydatigera kamiyai, with a prevalence of 45.7%, Taenia martis with 8.9%, Taenia polyacantha with 5.0%, and Versteria mustelae, which was found in 0.7% of all muskrats. More than 80% of E. multilocularis-infected muskrats contained fertile metacestodes with a mean number of >300,000 (and up to 1,609,816) protoscoleces, which is by far the highest reproductive potential known from any intermediate host species in Europe. Temporal analysis of E. multilocularis prevalence within the study period (and in comparison with earlier data) strongly indicates a robust increase in the studied area. Host age seemed to be an important risk factor for infection, as well as co-infections with Hydatigera kamiyai. A preference for the right medial lobe of the liver as the location of E. multilocularis metacestode was observed. Intraspecific genetic variation among 89 discrete E. multilocularis metacestodes was non-existent based on 300−1590 bp sections of cox1. This is a stark contrast to H. kamiyai, of which nine haplotypes were found on a short 318 bp section of cox1, resulting in genetic diversity in the small country of Luxembourg at a similar level than previously reported from large stretches of Europe and northern Asia.
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99937
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Li G, Shu B, Zheng Z, Yin H, Zhang C, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Yan Z, Zhang X, Yang S, Li G, Dong J. Safety and efficacy of radiotherapy combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors as neo-adjuvant therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus: protocol of an open-label, single-arm, prospective, multi-center phase I trial. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1051916. [PMID: 36505833 PMCID: PMC9730694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1051916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical resection is a mainstay to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in east Asia. However, the postoperative recurrence rate is high. It is necessary to explore neo-adjuvant therapy to increase the surgical resection rate and improve overall survival. Evidence has shown that lenvatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors is safe and effective in the treatment of advanced unresectable HCC. Radiotherapy is also an effective treatment method for PVTT and has a synergistic effect in combination with PD-1 inhibitors. Surgical resection after Lenvatinib and sintilimab combined with radiotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment regimen may be a new exploration of HCC with PVTT, but there were not any reported. Methods This open-label, single-arm, prospective, multi-center Phase I trial will enroll 20 HCC patients with PVTT who have a resectable primary tumor and no extra-hepatic metastasis. Eligible patients will be given radiotherapy, 3Gy*10 fraction, and will receive lenvatinib 8-12mg once daily and sintilimab 200mg once every three weeks. Surgical resection will be performed 6-8 weeks after radiotherapy. The primary endpoint is safety (number of patients ≥3G TRAE) and the number of patients who complete pre-op treatment and proceed to surgery. The secondary study endpoints include Major Pathological Response (MPR), 1-year tumor recurrence-free rate, Objective Response Rate (ORR), Imaging-Pathology Concordance Rate (IPCR), PVTT regression rate, Median Overall Survival (OS) and Recurrence Free Survival (RFS). Discussion This trial may confirm that surgical resection following intensive neoadjuvant therapy can provide a safe and efficient regimen for BCLC stage C patients with PVTT. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier (NCT05225116).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Hepatopancereatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuozhao Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Hepatopancereatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhong Yang
- Hepatopancereatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shizhong Yang, ; Gong Li, lga02375@ btch.edu.cn; Jiahong Dong,
| | - Gong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shizhong Yang, ; Gong Li, lga02375@ btch.edu.cn; Jiahong Dong,
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancereatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shizhong Yang, ; Gong Li, lga02375@ btch.edu.cn; Jiahong Dong,
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99938
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Brosch PK, Korsa T, Taban D, Eiring P, Hildebrand S, Neubauer J, Zimmermann H, Sauer M, Shirakashi R, Djuzenova CS, Sisario D, Sukhorukov VL. Glucose and Inositol Transporters, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3, in Glioblastoma Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5794. [PMID: 36497276 PMCID: PMC9738886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to invasion of the surrounding brain tissue, where organic solutes, including glucose and inositol, are abundant. Invasive cell migration has been linked to the aberrant expression of transmembrane solute-linked carriers (SLC). Here, we explore the role of glucose (SLC5A1) and inositol transporters (SLC5A3) in GBM cell migration. (2) Methods: Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we visualized the subcellular localization of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in two highly motile human GBM cell lines. We also employed wound-healing assays to examine the effect of SLC inhibition on GBM cell migration and examined the chemotactic potential of inositol. (3) Results: While GBM cell migration was significantly increased by extracellular inositol and glucose, it was strongly impaired by SLC transporter inhibition. In the GBM cell monolayers, both SLCs were exclusively detected in the migrating cells at the monolayer edge. In single GBM cells, both transporters were primarily localized at the leading edge of the lamellipodium. Interestingly, in GBM cells migrating via blebbing, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 were predominantly detected in nascent and mature blebs, respectively. (4) Conclusion: We provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in GBM cell migration, thereby complementing the migration-associated transportome. Our findings suggest that SLC inhibition is a promising approach to GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa K. Brosch
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Korsa
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Danush Taban
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Hildebrand
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Cholpon S. Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Sisario
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L. Sukhorukov
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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99939
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Li H, Arcalas C, Song J, Rahmati M, Park S, Koyanagi A, Lee SW, Yon DK, Shin JI, Smith L. Genetics, structure, transmission, epidemiology, immune response, and vaccine efficacies of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant: A comprehensive review. Rev Med Virol 2022; 33:e2408. [PMID: 36420676 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the predominant variant behind the surges of COVID-19 in the United States, Europe, and India in the second half of 2021. The information available regarding the defining mutations and their effects on the structure, transmission, and vaccine efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 is constantly evolving. With waning vaccine immunity and relaxation of social distancing policies across the globe driving the increased spread of the Delta variant, there is a great need for a resource aggregating the most recent information for clinicians and researchers concerning the Delta variant. Accordingly, this narrative review comprehensively reviews the genetics, structure, epidemiology, clinical course, and vaccine efficacy of the Delta variant. Comparison with the omicron variant is also discussed. The Delta variant is defined by 15 mutations in the Spike protein, most of which increase affinity for the ACE-2 receptor or enhance immune escape. The Delta variant causes similar symptoms to prototypical COVID-19, but it is more likely to be severe, with a greater inflammatory phenotype and viral load. The reproduction number is estimated to be approximately twice the prototypical strains present during the early pandemic, and numerous breakthrough infections have been reported. Despite studies demonstrating breakthrough infection and reduced antibody neutralisation, full vaccination effectively reduces the likelihood of severe illness and hospitalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Junmin Song
- Keimyung University School of Medicine Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences Lorestan University Khoramabad Iran
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu Universitat de Barcelona Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies) Barcelona Spain
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics Kyung Hee University Medical Center Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK
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99940
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Yang J, He C, Liu N. Proteomic analysis of the chemosensitizing effect of curcumin on CRC cells treated with 5-FU. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1032256. [PMID: 36507511 PMCID: PMC9729741 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1032256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most common chemotherapy drugs used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), which often develops resistance in more than 15% of patients. Curcumin, an active component of Curcuma longa, has been reported to show antitumor activity in CRC and, furthermore, enhance the effect of chemotherapy against colorectal cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitizing effect of curcumin on 5-FU have not been largely elucidated. In this study, we aimed to systematically investigate the role of curcumin as a chemosensitizer for the treatment of CRC, along with the key events responsible for its pharmaceutical effect, which may lead to better clinical outcomes. Methods A high-resolution 2DE-based proteomics approach was used to characterize global protein expression patterns in CRC cells treated with 5-FU both in combination with curcumin or without. The differentially expressed proteins were obtained from the 2DE analysis and subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF MS or nano-ESI-MS/MS, some of which were validated by the Western blot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured to assess the change in the redox environment resulting from the drug treatment. Results A series of proteins with altered abundances were detected and identified by MALDI-TOF or nano-MS/MS. From a total of 512 isolated proteins, 22 proteins were found to be upregulated and 6 proteins were downregulated. Intracellular ROS was significantly elevated after curcumin treatment. Furthermore, mass spectrometry data revealed that some of the proteins appeared to have more oxidized forms upon curcumin treatment, suggesting a direct role for ROS in the chemosensitizing effect of curcumin. Conclusion The effect of curcumin in enhancing chemosensitivity to 5-FU is a complex phenomenon made up of several mechanisms, including enhancement of the intracellular level of ROS. Our findings presented here could provide clues for a further study aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying the chemosensitizing effect of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yang
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyan He
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ning Liu
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99941
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Colon Adenocarcinoma Metastasis Through Ileocolic Fistula to Small Bowel in the Setting of Crohn's Disease. ACG Case Rep J 2022; 9:e00925. [PMID: 36447762 PMCID: PMC9699570 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Crohn's disease are at higher risk of developing colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal fistula. Few cases in the past described colorectal cancer metastasized within the gastrointestinal tract through a fistula. We report a case of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma in a patient with Crohn's disease that metastasized to the ileum through an ileocolic fistula tract. In addition to presenting a unique pathological phenomenon in these patients, this case raises awareness of the importance of regular follow-up and early initiation of inflammatory bowel disease therapies.
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99942
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He W, Wang G, Yu B, Xia L, Zhu Y, Liu P, Chen H, Kong R, Zhu Y, Sun B, Lu N. Elevated hypertriglyceridemia and decreased gallstones in the etiological composition ratio of acute pancreatitis as affected by seasons and festivals: A two-center real-world study from China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:976816. [PMID: 36506025 PMCID: PMC9730824 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.976816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the annual variation in the etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) and its relationship with seasons and festivals. Methods From 2011 to 2017, 5146 adult patients with AP were studied, including 4110 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (South center) and 1036 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (North center). We analyzed the overall annual variation in the etiology of AP and then compared the differences in etiology between the two regions, as well as the effects of seasons and festivals on the etiology of AP. Results Gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and alcohol were the top three etiologies of AP. Gallstone AP showed a downward trend (P<0.001), and HTG-AP and alcohol AP showed an upward trend (both P<0.01). Among the etiologies of AP, gallstones and HTG were affected by seasons and festivals. The composition ratio of HTG-AP increased, while gallstone AP decreased in winter and in months with long holidays (all P<0.01). The composition ratio of gallstone AP in the south center was higher than that in the north center (59.5% vs. 49%), especially in summer (62.9% vs. 44.0%) and autumn (61.5% vs. 45.7%, all P<0.001). Conclusions The composition ratio of HTG-AP increased while gallstone AP decreased in the past 7 years, and they were affected by seasons and festivals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingjun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Bei Sun, ; Nonghua Lu,
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Bei Sun, ; Nonghua Lu,
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99943
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Wang Q, Wang A, Li Z, Sparrelid E, Brismar TB. Impact of sarcopenia on the future liver remnant growth after portal vein embolization and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in patients with liver cancer: A systematic review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1064785. [PMID: 36505848 PMCID: PMC9730229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1064785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The impact of sarcopenia on the future liver remnant (FLR) growth after portal vein occlusion, including portal vein embolization (PVE) and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has gained increasing interest. This systematic review aimed to explore whether sarcopenia was associated with insufficient FLR growth after PVE/ALPPS stage-1. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to 05 July 2022. Studies evaluating the influence of sarcopenia on FLR growth after PVE/ALPPS stage-1 in patients with liver cancer were included. A predefined table was used to extract information including the study and patient characteristics, sarcopenia measurement, FLR growth, post-treatment complications and post-hepatectomy liver failure, resection rate. Research quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Five studies consisting of 609 patients were included in this study, with a sample size ranging from 42 to 306 (median: 90) patients. Only one study was multicenter research. The incidence of sarcopenia differed from 40% to 67% (median: 63%). Skeletal muscle index based on pretreatment computed tomography was the commonly used parameter for sarcopenia evaluation. All included studies showed that sarcopenia impaired the FLR growth after PVE/ALPPS stage-1. However, the association between sarcopenia and post-treatment complications, post-hepatectomy liver failure, and resection rate remains unclear. All studies showed moderate-to-high quality. Conclusions Sarcopenia seems to be prevalent in patients undergoing PVE/ALPPS and may be a risk factor for impaired liver growth after PVE/ALPPS stage-1 according to currently limited evidence. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202280038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anrong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Interventional Therapy, People’s Hospital of Dianjiang County, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Dianjiang County, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Li,
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel B. Brismar
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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99944
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A single mutation in the E2 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus broadens the claudin specificity for its infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20243. [PMID: 36424447 PMCID: PMC9691748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) into host cells is a multistep process mediated by several host factors, including a tight junction protein claudin-1 (CLDN1). We repeatedly passaged HCV-JFH1-tau, an HCV substrain with higher infectivity, on Huh7.5.1-8 cells. A multi-passaged HCV-JFH1-tau lot was infectious to CLDN1-defective S7-A cells, non-permissive to original HCV-JFH1-tau infection. We identified a single mutation, M706L, in the E2 glycoprotein of the HCV-JFH1-tau lot as an essential mutation for infectivity to S7-A cells. The pseudovirus JFH1/M706L mutant could not infect human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK293T) cells lacking CLDN family but infected HEK293T cells expressing CLDN1, CLDN6, or CLDN9. Thus, this mutant virus could utilize CLDN1, and other CLDN6 and CLDN9, making HCV possible to infect cells other than hepatocytes. iPS cells, one of the stem cells, do not express CLDN1 but express CLDN6 and other host factors required for HCV infection. We confirmed that the HCV-JFH1-tau-derived mutant with an M706L mutation infected iPS cells in a CLDN6-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that a missense mutation in E2 could broaden the CLDN member specificity for HCV infection. HCV may change its receptor requirement through a single amino acid mutation and infect non-hepatic cells.
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99945
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Gu L, Wu H, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Jin Y, Li T, Ma L, Zheng J. The effects of elemene emulsion injection on rat fecal microbiota and metabolites: Evidence from metagenomic exploration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913461. [PMID: 36504762 PMCID: PMC9730252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Elemene emulsion injection (EEI) has been approved for interventional and intracavitary chemotherapy in treating malignant ascites in China, but few studies have focused on the effects of EEI on gut microbiota and metabolites. In this study, we investigated the effects of EEI on the fecal microbiota and metabolites in healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods We randomly assigned 18 male SD rats to three groups (n = 6 in each group): the sham group (group S), the low-concentration EEI group (L-EEI), and the high-concentration EEI group (H-EEI). The L-EEI and H-EEI rats were administered 14 days of consecutive EEI, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP). Group S rats were administered the same volume of normal saline. On day 14, each animal's feces were collected for metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic analysis, and the colonic contents were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Results EEI could alter the β-diversity but not the α-diversity of the fecal microbiota and induce structural changes in the fecal microbiota. Different concentrations of EEI affect the fecal microbiota differently. The effects of different EEI concentrations on the top 20 bacteria with significant differences at the species level among the three groups were roughly divided into three categories: (1) A positive or negative correlation with the different EEI concentrations. The abundance of Ileibacterium Valens increased as the EEI concentration increased, while the abundance of Firmicutes bacteria and Clostridium sp. CAC: 273 decreased. (2) The microbiota showed a tendency to increase first, then decrease or decrease first, and then increase as EEI concentration increased-the abundance of Prevotella sp. PCHR, Escherichia coli, and Candidatus Amulumruptor caecigallinarius tended to decrease with L-EEI but significantly increased with H-EEI. In contrast, L-EEI significantly increased Ruminococcus bromii and Dorea sp. 5-2 abundance, and Oscillibacter sp. 1-3 abundance tended to increase, while H-EEI significantly decreased them. (3) L-EEI and H-EEI decreased the abundance of bacteria (Ruminococcaceae bacterium, Romboutsia ilealis, and Staphylococcus xylosus). Fecal metabolites, like microbiota, were sensitive to different EEI concentrations and correlated with fecal microbiota and potential biomarkers. Conclusion This study shows that intraperitoneal EEI modulates the composition of rat fecal microbiota and metabolites, particularly the gut microbiota's sensitivity to different concentrations of EEI. The impact of changes in the microbiota on human health remains unknown, particularly EEI's efficacy in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Health Center of 95816 of the People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Yousheng Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,Tian Li
| | - Litian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,Litian Ma
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Jin Zheng
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99946
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Rocha BA, Ferreira LC, Vianna LGR, Ferreira LGG, Ciconelle ACM, Da Silva Noronha A, Cortez Filho JM, Nogueira LSL, Leite JMRS, da Silva Filho MRM, da Costa Leite C, de Maria Felix M, Gutierrez MA, Nomura CH, Cerri GG, Carrilho FJ, Ono SK. Contrast phase recognition in liver computer tomography using deep learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20315. [PMID: 36434070 PMCID: PMC9700820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the 4th leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with high social, economical and health implications. Imaging techniques such as multiphase computed tomography (CT) have been successfully used for diagnosis of liver tumors such as HCC in a feasible and accurate way and its interpretation relies mainly on comparing the appearance of the lesions in the different contrast phases of the exam. Recently, some researchers have been dedicated to the development of tools based on machine learning (ML) algorithms, especially by deep learning techniques, to improve the diagnosis of liver lesions in imaging exams. However, the lack of standardization in the naming of the CT contrast phases in the DICOM metadata is a problem for real-life deployment of machine learning tools. Therefore, it is important to correctly identify the exam phase based only on the image and not on the exam metadata, which is unreliable. Motivated by this problem, we successfully created an annotation platform and implemented a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically identify the CT scan phases in the HCFMUSP database in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We improved this algorithm with hyperparameter tuning and evaluated it with cross validation methods. Comparing its predictions with the radiologists annotation, it achieved an accuracy of 94.6%, 98% and 100% in the testing dataset for the slice, volume and exam evaluation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Aragão Rocha
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil ,Machiron Ltd., Rua Capote Valente, 671, São Paulo, 05409-002 Brazil
| | - Lorena Carneiro Ferreira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Martins Cortez Filho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (FMUSP), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Rua Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 225, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Lucas Salume Lima Nogueira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (FMUSP), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Rua Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 225, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Ricardo Moreira da Silva Filho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Claudia da Costa Leite
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Maria Felix
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Gutierrez
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Informatics Department, The Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Cesar Higa Nomura
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Giovanni Guido Cerri
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722InRad, Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 75 Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (FMUSP), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Rua Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 225, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Suzane Kioko Ono
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (FMUSP), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Rua Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 225, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
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99947
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Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism and sexual development in pubertal obese male rats. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1531-1540. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on pubertal obese male rats, a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was established in juvenile male rats. The model rats were divided into the treatment group (GH) and the non-treatment group (physiological saline). After 4 weeks, we measured the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). The morphological changes of the liver and testis were assessed, and the expression of aromatase was detected. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, E2, and IGF-1 in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the non-treated model rats (P < 0.001). The levels of HDL-C and T of GH-treated rats were significantly higher than those of the non-treatment group (P < 0.001). Compared with non-treated model rats, GH-treated model rats showed reduced liver steatosis, improved morphological structure of the testicular seminiferous tubules, and an increased number of spermatogenic cells. The treatment group also showed lower expression of aromatase in the liver and testis compared with the non-treatment group. GH partially protected pubertal male rats from obesity-induced lipid metabolic disorder and sexual retardation.
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99948
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STIL Promotes Tumorigenesis of Bladder Cancer by Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Targeting C-Myc. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235777. [PMID: 36497260 PMCID: PMC9739707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL) regulates centriole replication and causes chromosome instability, which is closely related to malignant tumors. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of STIL in bladder cancer (BC) tumorigenesis for the first time. The public database indicated that STIL is highly expressed and correlated with the cell cycle in BC. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that STIL expression is significantly elevated in BC tissues compared with paracancer tissues. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology was used to induce BC cells to express STIL-specific sgRNA, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in STIL knockout BC cells. Moreover, cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreasing STIL, which led to delayed BC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, STIL knockout inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and down-regulated the expression of c-myc. Furthermore, SC79 (AKT activating agent) partially reversed the inhibitory effects of STIL knockout on the proliferation and migration of BC cells. In conclusion, STIL enhanced the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, resulting in increased expression of c-myc, ultimately promoting BC occurrence and progression. These results indicate that STIL might be a potential target for BC patients.
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99949
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Wu Z, Sun J, Liao Z, Qiao J, Chen C, Ling C, Wang H. An update on the therapeutic implications of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases in nervous system diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1030512. [PMID: 36507355 PMCID: PMC9731139 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSLs) are a family of CoA synthetases that activate fatty acid (FA) with chain lengths of 12-20 carbon atoms by forming the acyl-AMP derivative in an isozyme-specific manner. This family mainly includes five members (ACSL1, ACSL3, ACSL4, ACSL5, and ACSL6), which are thought to have specific and different functions in FA metabolism and oxidative stress of mammals. Accumulating evidence shows that the dysfunction of ACSLs is likely to affect cell proliferation and lead to metabolic diseases in multiple organs and systems through different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Hence, a central theme of this review is to emphasize the therapeutic implications of ACSLs in nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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99950
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Decompression Illness in a Scuba Diver With Significant Esophageal Injury. ACG Case Rep J 2022; 9:e00856. [PMID: 36447769 PMCID: PMC9699658 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scuba divers are at risk of decompression illness, of which arterial gas embolism is the most feared consequence. Severe complications involving the gastrointestinal tract are rare. In this report, we describe a case of an experienced scuba diver who was forced to rapidly ascend because of a mechanical failure. His course was complicated by severe esophageal mucosal injury including multiple ulcerations. Although he improved clinically, an esophageal stricture subsequently formed, which required dilation. This seems to be the first case report of significant esophageal injury resulting from decompression illness in a scuba diver.
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