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King JR, Varadé J, Hammarström L. Fucosyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms and Lewisb-Negative Status Are Frequent in Swedish Newborns, With Implications for Infectious Disease Susceptibility and Personalized Medicine. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8:507-518. [PMID: 30544260 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fucosyltransferase genes FUT2 and FUT3 have been associated with susceptibility to various infectious and inflammatory disorders. FUT variations influence the expression of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) (H-type 1 and Lewis), which are highly expressed in the gut and play an important role in microbial attachment, metabolism, colonization, and shaping of the microbiome. In particular, FUT polymorphisms confer susceptibility to specific rotavirus and norovirus genotypes, which has important global health implications. METHODS We designed a genotyping method using a nested polymerase chain reaction approach to determine the frequency of SNPs in FUT2 and FUT3, thereby inferring the prevalence of Lewisb-positive, Lewisb-negative, secretor, and nonsecretor phenotypes in 520 Swedish newborns. RESULTS There was an increased frequency of homozygotes for the minor allele for 1 SNP in FUT2 and 4 SNPs in FUT3. Overall, 37.3% of newborns were found to have Lewis b negative phenotypes (Le (a+b-) or Le (a-b-). Using our new, sensitive genotyping method, we were able to genetically define the Le (a-b-) individuals based on their secretor status and found that the frequency of Lewis b negative newborns in our cohort was 28%. CONCLUSIONS Given the high frequency of fucosyltransferase polymorphisms observed in our newborn cohort and the implications for disease susceptibility, FUT genotyping might play a future role in personalized health care, including recommendations for disease screening, therapy, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka R King
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital Campus, and Robinson Research Institute and Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jezabel Varadé
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Antirotavirus IgA seroconversion rates in children who receive concomitant oral poliovirus vaccine: A secondary, pooled analysis of Phase II and III trial data from 33 countries. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1003005. [PMID: 31887139 PMCID: PMC6936798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the success of rotavirus vaccines over the last decade, rotavirus remains a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease among young children. Further progress in reducing the burden of disease is inhibited, in part, by vaccine underperformance in certain settings. Early trials suggested that oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), when administered concomitantly with rotavirus vaccine, reduces rotavirus seroconversion rates after the first rotavirus dose with modest or nonsignificant interference after completion of the full rotavirus vaccine course. Our study aimed to identify a range of individual-level characteristics, including concomitant receipt of OPV, that affect rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity in high- and low-child-mortality settings, controlling for individual- and country-level factors. Our central hypothesis was that OPV administered concomitantly with rotavirus vaccine reduced rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity. METHODS AND FINDINGS Pooled, individual-level data from GlaxoSmithKline's Phase II and III clinical trials of the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1), Rotarix, were analyzed, including 7,280 vaccinated infants (5-17 weeks of age at first vaccine dose) from 22 trials and 33 countries/territories (5 countries/territories with high, 13 with moderately low, and 15 with very low child mortality). Two standard markers for immune response were examined including antirotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) seroconversion (defined as the appearance of serum antirotavirus IgA antibodies in subjects initially seronegative) and serum antirotavirus IgA titer, both collected approximately 4-12 weeks after administration of the last rotavirus vaccine dose. Mixed-effect logistic regression and mixed-effect linear regression of log-transformed data were used to identify individual- and country-level predictors of seroconversion (dichotomous) and antibody titer (continuous), respectively. Infants in high-child-mortality settings had lower odds of seroconverting compared with infants in low-child-mortality settings (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-0.53, p < 0.001). Similarly, among those who seroconverted, infants in high-child-mortality settings had lower IgA titers compared with infants in low-child-mortality settings (mean difference [β] = 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.90, p < 0.001). Infants who received OPV concomitantly with both their first and their second doses of rotavirus vaccine had 0.63 times the odds of seroconverting (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.84, p = 0.002) compared with infants who received OPV but not concomitantly with either dose. In contrast, among infants who seroconverted, OPV concomitantly administered with both the first and second rotavirus vaccine doses was found to be positively associated with antirotavirus IgA titer (β = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.53, p = 0.009). Our findings may have some limitations in terms of generalizability to routine use of rotavirus vaccine because the analysis was limited to healthy infants receiving RV1 in clinical trial settings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that OPV given concomitantly with RV1 was a substantial contributor to reduced antirotavirus IgA seroconversion, and this interference was apparent after the second vaccine dose of RV1, as with the original clinical trials that our reanalysis is based on. However, our findings do suggest that the forthcoming withdrawal of OPV from the infant immunization schedule globally has the potential to improve RV1 performance.
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53
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Armah GE, Cortese MM, Dennis FE, Yu Y, Morrow AL, McNeal MM, Lewis KDC, Awuni DA, Armachie J, Parashar UD. Rotavirus Vaccine Take in Infants Is Associated With Secretor Status. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:746-749. [PMID: 30357332 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses bind to enterocytes in a genotype-specific manner via histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which are also detectable in saliva. We evaluated antirotavirus immunoglobulin A seroconversion ('vaccine take") among 166 Ghanaian infants after 2-3 doses of G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine during a vaccine trial, by HBGA status from saliva collected at age 4.1 years. Only secretor status was associated with seroconversion: 41% seroconversion for secretors vs 13% for nonsecretors; relative risk, 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-8.1; P = .016). Neither Lewis antigen nor salivary antigen blood type was associated with seroconversion. Likelihood of "take" for any particular rotavirus vaccine may differ across populations based on HBGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Armah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon
| | - Margaret M Cortese
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Francis E Dennis
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Ohio
| | | | - Monica M McNeal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | - Denis A Awuni
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Ghana
| | - Joseph Armachie
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Paganini D, Uyoga MA, Kortman GAM, Boekhorst J, Schneeberger S, Karanja S, Hennet T, Zimmermann MB. Maternal Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Modulates the Impact of an Intervention with Iron and Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Kenyan Infants. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112596. [PMID: 31671757 PMCID: PMC6893608 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little data on human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Iron fortificants adversely affect the infant gut microbiota, while co-provision of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) mitigates most of the adverse effects. Whether variations in maternal HMO profile can influence the infant response to iron and/or GOS fortificants is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine HMO profiles and the secretor/non-secretor phenotype of lactating Kenyan mothers and investigate their effects on the maternal and infant gut microbiota, and on the infant response to a fortification intervention with 5 mg iron (2.5 mg as sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 2.5 mg as ferrous fumarate) and 7.5 g GOS. We studied mother–infant pairs (n = 80) participating in a 4-month intervention trial in which the infants (aged 6.5–9.5 months) received daily a micronutrient powder without iron, with iron or with iron and GOS. We assessed: (1) maternal secretor status and HMO composition; (2) effects of secretor status on the maternal and infant gut microbiota in a cross-sectional analysis at baseline of the intervention trial; and (3) interactions between secretor status and intervention groups during the intervention trial on the infant gut microbiota, gut inflammation, iron status, growth and infectious morbidity. Secretor prevalence was 72% and HMOs differed between secretors and non-secretors and over time of lactation. Secretor status did not predict the baseline composition of the maternal and infant gut microbiota. There was a secretor-status-by-intervention-group interaction on Bifidobacterium (p = 0.021), Z-scores for length-for-age (p = 0.022) and weight-for-age (p = 0.018), and soluble transferrin receptor (p = 0.041). In the no iron group, longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea was higher among infants of non-secretors (23.8%) than of secretors (10.4%) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, HMO profile may modulate the infant gut microbiota response to fortificant iron; compared to infants of secretor mothers, infants of non-secretor mothers may be more vulnerable to the adverse effect of iron but also benefit more from the co-provision of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Paganini
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary A Uyoga
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Jos Boekhorst
- NIZO Food Research BV, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sacha Schneeberger
- Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Karanja
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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55
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Influence of histo blood group antigen expression on susceptibility to enteric viruses and vaccines. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2019; 32:445-452. [DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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56
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Pollock L, Bennett A, Jere KC, Dube Q, Mandolo J, Bar-Zeev N, Heyderman RS, Cunliffe NA, Iturriza-Gomara M. Nonsecretor Histo-blood Group Antigen Phenotype Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Malawian Infants. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:1313-1319. [PMID: 30561537 PMCID: PMC6763638 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) Lewis/secretor phenotypes predict genotype-specific susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). We tested the hypothesis that nonsecretor/Lewis-negative phenotype leads to reduced vaccine take and lower clinical protection following vaccination with G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in Malawian infants. METHODS A cohort study recruited infants receiving RV1 at age 6 and 10 weeks. HBGA phenotype was determined by salivary enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RV1 vaccine virus shedding was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in stool collected on alternate days for 10 days post-immunization. Plasma rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A was determined by ELISA pre- and post-immunization. In a case-control study, HBGA phenotype distribution was compared between RV1-vaccinated infants with RVGE and 1:1 age-matched community controls. Rotavirus genotype was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS In 202 cohort participants, neither overall vaccine virus fecal shedding nor seroconversion differed by HBGA phenotype. In 238 case-control infants, nonsecretor phenotype was less common in infants with clinical vaccine failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.75). Nonsecretor phenotype was less common in infants with P[8] RVGE (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.50) and P[4] RVGE (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.75). Lewis-negative phenotype was more common in infants with P[6] RVGE (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.2). CONCLUSIONS Nonsecretor phenotype was associated with reduced risk of rotavirus vaccine failure. There was no significant association between HBGA phenotype and vaccine take. These data refute the hypothesis that high prevalence of nonsecretor/Lewis-negative phenotypes contributes to lower rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Pollock
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre
| | - Aisleen Bennett
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, University of Malawi, Blantyre
| | - Queen Dube
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre
| | - Jonathan Mandolo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Feng N, Hu L, Ding S, Sanyal M, Zhao B, Sankaran B, Ramani S, McNeal M, Yasukawa LL, Song Y, Prasad BV, Greenberg HB. Human VP8* mAbs neutralize rotavirus selectively in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3839-3851. [PMID: 31403468 PMCID: PMC6715378 DOI: 10.1172/jci128382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously generated 32 rotavirus-specific (RV-specific) recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from B cells isolated from human intestinal resections. Twenty-four of these mAbs were specific for the VP8* fragment of RV VP4, and most (20 of 24) were non-neutralizing when tested in the conventional MA104 cell-based assay. We reexamined the ability of these mAbs to neutralize RVs in human intestinal epithelial cells including ileal enteroids and HT-29 cells. Most (18 of 20) of the "non-neutralizing" VP8* mAbs efficiently neutralized human RV in HT-29 cells or enteroids. Serum RV neutralization titers in adults and infants were significantly higher in HT-29 than MA104 cells and adsorption of these sera with recombinant VP8* lowered the neutralization titers in HT-29 but not MA104 cells. VP8* mAbs also protected suckling mice from diarrhea in an in vivo challenge model. X-ray crystallographic analysis of one VP8* mAb (mAb9) in complex with human RV VP8* revealed that the mAb interaction site was distinct from the human histo-blood group antigen binding site. Since MA104 cells are the most commonly used cell line to detect anti-RV neutralization activity, these findings suggest that prior vaccine and other studies of human RV neutralization responses may have underestimated the contribution of VP8* antibodies to the overall neutralization titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningguo Feng
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Liya Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Boyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Molecular Biophysics, and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monica McNeal
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Yanhua Song
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanjing, China
| | - B.V. Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harry B. Greenberg
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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58
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Zhang SY, Jouanguy E, Zhang Q, Abel L, Puel A, Casanova JL. Human inborn errors of immunity to infection affecting cells other than leukocytes: from the immune system to the whole organism. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 59:88-100. [PMID: 31121434 PMCID: PMC6774828 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies of vertebrate immunity have traditionally focused on professional cells, including circulating and tissue-resident leukocytes. Evidence that non-professional cells are also intrinsically essential (i.e. not via their effect on leukocytes) for protective immunity in natural conditions of infection has emerged from three lines of research in human genetics. First, studies of Mendelian resistance to infection have revealed an essential role of DARC-expressing erythrocytes in protection against Plasmodium vivax infection, and an essential role of FUT2-expressing intestinal epithelial cells for protection against norovirus and rotavirus infections. Second, studies of inborn errors of non-hematopoietic cell-extrinsic immunity have shown that APOL1 and complement cascade components secreted by hepatocytes are essential for protective immunity to trypanosome and pyogenic bacteria, respectively. Third, studies of inborn errors of non-hematopoietic cell-intrinsic immunity have suggested that keratinocytes, pulmonary epithelial cells, and cortical neurons are essential for tissue-specific protective immunity to human papillomaviruses, influenza virus, and herpes simplex virus, respectively. Various other types of genetic resistance or predisposition to infection in human populations are not readily explained by inborn variants of genes operating in leukocytes and may, therefore, involve defects in other cells. The probing of this unchartered territory by human genetics is reshaping immunology, by scaling immunity to infection up from the immune system to the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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59
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Bucardo F, Reyes Y, Rönnelid Y, González F, Sharma S, Svensson L, Nordgren J. Histo-blood group antigens and rotavirus vaccine shedding in Nicaraguan infants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10764. [PMID: 31341254 PMCID: PMC6656718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO, Lewis and secretor histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) are susceptibility factors for rotavirus in a P-genotype dependent manner and can influence IgA seroconversion rates following rotavirus vaccination. To investigate the association between HBGA phenotypes and rotavirus vaccine shedding fecal samples (n = 304) from a total of 141 infants vaccinated with Rotarix (n = 71) and RotaTeq (n = 70) were prospectively sampled in three time frames (≤3, 4–7 and ≥8 days) after first vaccination dose. Rotavirus was detected with qPCR and genotypes determined by G/P multiplex PCR and/or sequencing. HBGAs were determined by hemagglutination and saliva based ELISA. Low shedding rates were observed, with slightly more children vaccinated with RotaTeq (19%) than Rotarix (11%) shedding rotavirus at ≥4 days post vaccination (DPV). At ≥4 DPV no infant of Lewis A (n = 6) or nonsecretor (n = 9) phenotype in the Rotarix cohort shed rotavirus; the same observation was made for Lewis A infants (n = 7) in the RotaTeq cohort. Putative in-vivo gene reassortment among RotaTeq strains occurred, yielding mainly G1P[8] strains. The bovine derived P[5] genotype included in RotaTeq was able to replicate and be shed at long time frames (>13 DPV). The results of this study are consistent with that HBGA phenotype influences vaccine strain shedding as similarly observed for natural infections. Due to the low overall shedding rates observed, additional studies are however warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemón Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua.
| | - Yaoska Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Ylva Rönnelid
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredman González
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Lee B, Dickson DM, deCamp AC, Ross Colgate E, Diehl SA, Uddin MI, Sharmin S, Islam S, Bhuiyan TR, Alam M, Nayak U, Mychaleckyj JC, Taniuchi M, Petri WA, Haque R, Qadri F, Kirkpatrick BD. Histo-Blood Group Antigen Phenotype Determines Susceptibility to Genotype-Specific Rotavirus Infections and Impacts Measures of Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1399-1407. [PMID: 29390150 PMCID: PMC5894073 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lewis and secretor histo–blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been associated with decreased susceptibility to P[8] genotype rotavirus (RV) infections. Efficacy of vaccines containing attenuated P[8] strains is decreased in low-income countries. Host phenotype might impact vaccine efficacy (VE) by altering susceptibility to vaccination or RV diarrhea (RVD). We performed a substudy in a monovalent RV vaccine (RV1) efficacy trial in Bangladesh to determine the impact of Lewis and secretor status on risk of RVD and VE. Methods In infants randomized to receive RV1 or no RV1 at 10 and 17 weeks with 1 year of complete active diarrheal surveillance, we performed Lewis and secretor phenotyping and genotyped the infecting strain of each episode of RVD. Results A vaccine containing P[8] RV protected secretors and nonsecretors similarly. However, unvaccinated nonsecretors had a reduced risk of RVD (relative risk, 0.53 [95% confidence interval, .36–.79]) mediated by complete protection from P[4] but not P[8] RVs. This effect reduced VE in nonsecretors to 31.7%, compared to 56.2% among secretors, and decreased VE for the overall cohort. Conclusions Host HBGA status may impact VE estimates by altering susceptibility to RV in unvaccinated children; future trials should therefore account for HBGA status. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01375647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lee
- Vaccine Testing Center, 1Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dorothy M Dickson
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Allan C deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - E Ross Colgate
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | | | - Salma Sharmin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
| | - Shahidul Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
| | | | - Masud Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences
| | | | - Mami Taniuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
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Unraveling the role of the secretor antigen in human rotavirus attachment to histo-blood group antigens. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007865. [PMID: 31226167 PMCID: PMC6609034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the leading agent causing acute gastroenteritis in young children, with the P[8] genotype accounting for more than 80% of infections in humans. The molecular bases for binding of the VP8* domain from P[8] VP4 spike protein to its cellular receptor, the secretory H type-1 antigen (Fuc-α1,2-Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc; H1), and to its precursor lacto-N-biose (Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc; LNB) have been determined. The resolution of P[8] VP8* crystal structures in complex with H1 antigen and LNB and site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that both glycans bind to the P[8] VP8* protein through a binding pocket shared with other members of the P[II] genogroup (i.e.: P[4], P[6] and P[19]). Our results show that the L-fucose moiety from H1 only displays indirect contacts with P[8] VP8*. However, the induced conformational changes in the LNB moiety increase the ligand affinity by two-fold, as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), providing a molecular explanation for the different susceptibility to rotavirus infection between secretor and non-secretor individuals. The unexpected interaction of P[8] VP8* with LNB, a building block of type-1 human milk oligosaccharides, resulted in inhibition of rotavirus infection, highlighting the role and possible application of this disaccharide as an antiviral. While key amino acids in the H1/LNB binding pocket were highly conserved in members of the P[II] genogroup, differences were found in ligand affinities among distinct P[8] genetic lineages. The variation in affinities were explained by subtle structural differences induced by amino acid changes in the vicinity of the binding pocket, providing a fine-tuning mechanism for glycan binding in P[8] rotavirus. The interaction of viruses with host glycans has become an important topic in the study of enteric virus infectivity. This interaction modulates several aspects of the viral cycle, including viral attachment, which in most cases depends on the host glycobiology dictated by the secretor and Lewis genotypes. The capacity to synthesize secretory type-I antigen H (fucose-α1,2-galactose-β1,3-N-acetylglucosamine; H1) at the mucosae, dictated by the presence of one or two functional copies of the fucosyl-transferase FUT2 gene (secretor status), has been clearly linked to infectivity in important enteric viruses such as the noroviruses. However, a big controversy existed about the contribution of H1 antigen to infection in the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in young children (rotavirus). It has not been until recently that epidemiological data evidenced a diminished incidence of rotavirus in non-secretor individuals unable to produce H1. In the present manuscript we offer the evidence that P[8] RV bind H1 via a binding site common for the P[II] RV genogroup and that the H1 precursor lacto-N-biose (galactose-β1,3-N-acetylglucosamine; LNB) is also bound to this pocket with diminished affinity. The P[8] VP8* structures show a marginal role for the L-fucose moiety from H1 in protein interaction. However, its presence provides conformational changes in the LNB moiety that increase the affinity of VP8* for the H1 ligand and would account for a stronger RV binding to mucosa in individuals expressing H1 (secretors). We thus offer a mechanistic explanation for the different incidence of P[8] RV infection in different secretor phenotypes.
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Colston JM, Francois R, Pisanic N, Peñataro Yori P, McCormick BJJ, Olortegui MP, Gazi MA, Svensen E, Ahmed MMM, Mduma E, Liu J, Houpt ER, Klapheke R, Schwarz JW, Atmar RL, Black RE, Kosek MN. Effects of Child and Maternal Histo-Blood Group Antigen Status on Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Enteric Infections in Early Childhood. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:151-162. [PMID: 30768135 PMCID: PMC6548901 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) such as fucosyltransferase (FUT)2 and 3 may act as innate host factors that differentially influence susceptibility of individuals and their offspring to pediatric enteric infections. METHODS In 3 community-based birth cohorts, FUT2 and FUT3 statuses were ascertained for mother-child dyads. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction panels tested 3663 diarrheal and 18 148 asymptomatic stool samples for 29 enteropathogens. Cumulative diarrhea and infection incidence were compared by child (n = 520) and mothers' (n = 519) HBGA status and hazard ratios (HRs) derived for all-cause diarrhea and specific enteropathogens. RESULTS Children of secretor (FUT2 positive) mothers had a 38% increased adjusted risk of all-cause diarrhea (HR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-1.66) and significantly reduced time to first diarrheal episode. Child FUT2 and FUT3 positivity reduced the risk for all-cause diarrhea by 29% (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.93) and 27% (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92), respectively. Strong associations between HBGAs and pathogen-specific infection and diarrhea were observed, particularly for noroviruses, rotaviruses, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli. CONCLUSIONS Histo-blood group antigens affect incidence of all-cause diarrhea and enteric infections at magnitudes comparable to many common disease control interventions. Studies measuring impacts of interventions on childhood enteric disease should account for both child and mothers' HBGA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Colston
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruthly Francois
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | | | - Md Amran Gazi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Esto Mduma
- Haydom Global Health Institute, Haydom, Tanzania
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Eric R Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | | | | | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret N Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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63
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Pérez-Ortín R, Vila-Vicent S, Carmona-Vicente N, Santiso-Bellón C, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Buesa J. Histo-Blood Group Antigens in Children with Symptomatic Rotavirus Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:E339. [PMID: 30974776 PMCID: PMC6520971 DOI: 10.3390/v11040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. The diversity and unequal geographical prevalence of rotavirus genotypes have been linked to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in different human populations. In order to evaluate the role of HBGAs in rotavirus infections in our population, secretor status (FUT2+), ABO blood group, and Lewis antigens were determined in children attended for rotavirus gastroenteritis in Valencia, Spain. During three consecutive years (2013-2015), stool and saliva samples were collected from 133 children with rotavirus infection. Infecting viral genotypes and HBGAs were determined in patients and compared to a control group and data from blood donors. Rotavirus G9P[8] was the most prevalent strain (49.6%), followed by G1P[8] (20.3%) and G12P[8] (14.3%). Rotavirus infected predominantly secretor (99%) and Lewis b positive (91.7%) children. Children with blood group A and AB were significantly more prone to rotavirus gastroenteritis than those with blood group O. Our results confirm that a HBGA genetic background is linked to rotavirus P[8] susceptibility. Rotavirus P[8] symptomatic infection is manifestly more frequent in secretor-positive (FUT2+) than in non-secretor individuals, although no differences between rotavirus G genotypes were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Ortín
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia and Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Vila-Vicent
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia and Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Noelia Carmona-Vicente
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia and Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Santiso-Bellón
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia and Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia and Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia and Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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64
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Barton SJ, Murray R, Lillycrop KA, Inskip HM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Karnani N, Zolezzi IS, Sprenger N, Godfrey KM, Binia A. FUT2 Genetic Variants and Reported Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Illnesses During Infancy. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:836-843. [PMID: 30376117 PMCID: PMC6687504 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) controls the production of digestive and respiratory epithelia of histo-blood group antigens involved in the attachment of pathogens. The aim of our study was to relate FUT2 variants to reported gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses in infancy. METHODS In the Southampton Women's Survey, FUT2 genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] rs601338 and rs602662) were genotyped in 1831 infants and related to infant illnesses, after adjustment for sex, breastfeeding duration, and potential confounders. RESULTS For FUT2 SNP rs601338, the risk ratios for ≥1 bout of diarrhea during ages 6-12 months and ages 12-24 months per additional risk (G) allele were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.4; P = .002) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.24-1.61; P = 1.7 × 10-7), respectively; the risk ratio for ≥1 diagnosis of a lower respiratory illness (ie, pneumonia or bronchiolitis) during ages 12-24 months per additional G allele was 2.66 (95% CI, 1.64-4.3; P = .00007). Similar associations were found between rs602662 and gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses, owing to the high linkage disequilibrium with rs601338 (R2 = 0.92). Longer breastfeeding duration predicted a lower risk of diarrhea, independent of infant FUT2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that FUT2 G alleles are associated with a higher risk of infant gastrointestinal illnesses and identified novel associations with respiratory illnesses. FUT2 locus variants need consideration in future studies of gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses among infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Murray
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK SO16 6YD
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Nestec S.A., Switzerland
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Gómez-Rial J, Sánchez-Batán S, Rivero-Calle I, Pardo-Seco J, Martinón-Martínez JM, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. Rotavirus infection beyond the gut. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 12:55-64. [PMID: 30636886 PMCID: PMC6307677 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s186404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape of rotavirus (RV) infection has changed substantially in recent years. Autoimmune triggering has been added to clinical spectrum of this pathology, which is now known to be much broader than diarrhea. The impact of RV vaccines in these other conditions is becoming a growing field of research. The importance of host genetic background in RV susceptibility has been revealed, therefore increasing our understanding of vaccine effectiveness and giving some clues about the limited efficacy of RV vaccines in low-income settings. Also, interaction of RV with intestinal microbiota seems to play a key role in the process of infection vaccine effect. This article reviews current findings on the extraintestinal impact of RV infection and their widening clinical picture, and the recently described mechanisms of host susceptibility to infection and vaccine effectiveness. RV infection is a systemic disease with clinical and pathophysiological implications beyond the gut. We propose an “iceberg” model for this pathology with almost hidden clinical implications away from the gastrointestinal tract and eventually triggering the development of autoimmune diseases. Impact of current vaccines is being influenced by host genetics and gut microbiota interactions and these factors must be taken into account in the development of public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez-Rial
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Batán
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
| | - José María Martinón-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
| | - Antonio Salas
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forense, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
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66
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Tian Y, Chughtai AA, Gao Z, Yan H, Chen Y, Liu B, Huo D, Jia L, Wang Q, MacIntyre CR. Prevalence and genotypes of group A rotavirus among outpatient children under five years old with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2011-2016. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:497. [PMID: 30285635 PMCID: PMC6168998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease, and one of the common causes of death in children aged under five years old. The dominant epidemic strains may change in different years in the same area. In order to provide evidence for rotavirus epidemic control and inform vaccine development, we analyzed epidemiological patterns and genetic characteristics of rotavirus in Beijing during 2011-2016. METHODS Stool specimens of outpatient children under five years old were collected from three children's hospitals on a weekly basis. Group A rotavirus antigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The partial VP4 genes and VP7 genes of rotavirus were both amplified and sequenced. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Logistic regression and Chi-square tests were performed to determine differences across age groups, districts and years in rotavirus prevalence and genotype distribution. RESULTS A total of 3668 stool specimens from children with acute diarrhea identified through hospital-based surveillance were collected from 2011 to 2016 in Beijing. A total of 762 (20.8%) specimens tested positive for rotavirus. The rotavirus-positive rate was highest among the 1-2 years old age group (29.0%, 310/1070). November, December and January were the highest rotavirus-positive rate months each year. G9 was the most common G genotype (64.4%, 461/716), and P [8] was the most common P genotype (87.0%, 623/716) among the 716 rotavirus-positive specimens. G9P [8], G3P [8] and G2P [4] were the most common strains. The rotavirus-positive rates of samples in 2012 and 2013 were higher than that in 2011, and the dominant genotype changed from G3P [8] to G9P [8] in 2012 and 2013. VP7 gene sequences of G9 strains in this study clustered into two main lineages. Most of the G9 strains exhibited the highest nucleotide similarity (99.1%~ 100.0%) to the strain found in Japan (MI1128). VP4 gene sequences of P [8] strains were almost P[8]b. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus accounted for more than one fifth of childhood diarrhea in Beijing during the study period. Targeted measures such as immunization with effective rotavirus vaccines should be carried out to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiu Yan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baiwei Liu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da Huo
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chandini Raina MacIntyre
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- College of Public Service and Community Solutions, and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
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67
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Carvalho MF, Gill D. Rotavirus vaccine efficacy: current status and areas for improvement. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:1237-1250. [PMID: 30215578 PMCID: PMC6663136 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1520583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference noted in Rotavirus vaccine efficiency between high and low income countries correlates with the lack of universal access to clean water and higher standards of hygiene. Overcoming these obstacles will require great investment and also time, therefore more effective vaccines should be developed to meet the needs of those who would benefit the most from them. Increasing our current knowledge of mucosal immunity, response to Rotavirus infection and its modulation by circadian rhythms could point at actionable pathways to improve vaccination efficacy, especially in the case of individuals affected by environmental enteropathy. Also, a better understanding and validation of Rotavirus entry factors as well as the systematic monitoring of dominant strains could assist in tailoring vaccines to individual's needs. Another aspect that could improve vaccine efficiency is targeting to M cells, for which new ligands could potentially be sought. Finally, alternative mucosal adjuvants and vaccine expression, storage and delivery systems could have a positive impact in the outcome of Rotavirus vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davinder Gill
- MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
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68
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Barbé L, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Echasserieau K, Bernardeau K, Carton T, Bovin N, Nordgren J, Svensson L, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Le Pendu J. Histo-blood group antigen-binding specificities of human rotaviruses are associated with gastroenteritis but not with in vitro infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12961. [PMID: 30154494 PMCID: PMC6113245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human strains of rotavirus A (RVAs) recognize fucosylated glycans belonging to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) through their spike protein VP8*. Lack of these ligands due to genetic polymorphisms is associated with resistance to gastroenteritis caused by P[8] genotype RVAs. With the aim to delineate the contribution of HBGAs in the process, we analyzed the glycan specificity of VP8* proteins from various P genotypes. Binding to saliva of VP8* from P[8] and P[4] genotypes required expression of both FUT2 and FUT3 enzymes, whilst binding of VP8* from the P[14] genotype required FUT2 and A enzymes. We further defined a glycan motif, GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAc, recognized by P[6] clinical strains. Conversion into Lewis antigens by the FUT3 enzyme impaired recognition, explaining their lower binding to saliva of Lewis positive phenotype. In addition, the presence of neutralizing antibodies was associated with the presence of the FUT2 wild type allele in sera from young healthy adults. Nonetheless, in vitro infection of transformed cell lines was independent of HBGAs expression, indicating that HBGAs are not human RV receptors. The match between results from saliva-based binding assays and the epidemiological data indicates that the polymorphism of human HBGAs controls susceptibility to RVAs, although the exact mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Barbé
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Klara Echasserieau
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Plateforme P2R « Production de protéines recombinantes », SFR Sante F. Bonamy-IRS-UN, Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Bernardeau
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Plateforme P2R « Production de protéines recombinantes », SFR Sante F. Bonamy-IRS-UN, Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nicolai Bovin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Oniris, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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69
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Hu L, Sankaran B, Laucirica DR, Patil K, Salmen W, Ferreon ACM, Tsoi PS, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Ramani S, Atmar RL, Estes MK, Ferreon JC, Prasad BVV. Glycan recognition in globally dominant human rotaviruses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2631. [PMID: 29980685 PMCID: PMC6035239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) cause life-threatening diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. Recent biochemical and epidemiological studies underscore the importance of histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) as both cell attachment and susceptibility factors for the globally dominant P[4], P[6], and P[8] genotypes of human RVs. How these genotypes interact with HBGA is not known. Here, our crystal structures of P[4] and a neonate-specific P[6] VP8*s alone and in complex with H-type I HBGA reveal a unique glycan binding site that is conserved in the globally dominant genotypes and allows for the binding of ABH HBGAs, consistent with their prevalence. Remarkably, the VP8* of P[6] RVs isolated from neonates displays subtle structural changes in this binding site that may restrict its ability to bind branched glycans. This provides a structural basis for the age-restricted tropism of some P[6] RVs as developmentally regulated unbranched glycans are more abundant in the neonatal gut. Human rotaviruses (RV) bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) for attachment, but how different viral genotypes interact with HBGA isn’t known. Here, Hu et al. report crystal structures of a prevalent and a neonate-specific RV in complex with HBGA and provide insights into glycan recognition and age-restricted tropism of RVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel R Laucirica
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ketki Patil
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wilhelm Salmen
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Phoebe S Tsoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Josephine C Ferreon
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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70
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Palus M, Sohrabi Y, Broman KW, Strnad H, Šíma M, Růžek D, Volkova V, Slapničková M, Vojtíšková J, Mrázková L, Salát J, Lipoldová M. A novel locus on mouse chromosome 7 that influences survival after infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:39. [PMID: 29976152 PMCID: PMC6034256 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the main tick-borne viral infection in Eurasia. Its manifestations range from inapparent infections and fevers with complete recovery to debilitating or fatal encephalitis. The basis of this heterogeneity is largely unknown, but part of this variation is likely due to host genetic. We have previously found that BALB/c mice exhibit intermediate susceptibility to the infection of TBE virus (TBEV), STS mice are highly resistant, whereas the recombinant congenic strain CcS-11, carrying 12.5% of the STS genome on the background of the BALB/c genome is even more susceptible than BALB/c. Importantly, mouse orthologs of human TBE controlling genes Oas1b, Cd209, Tlr3, Ccr5, Ifnl3 and Il10, are in CcS-11 localized on segments derived from the strain BALB/c, so they are identical in BALB/c and CcS-11. As they cannot be responsible for the phenotypic difference of the two strains, we searched for the responsible STS-derived gene-locus. Of course the STS-derived genes in CcS-11 may operate through regulating or epigenetically modifying these non-polymorphic genes of BALB/c origin. Methods To determine the location of the STS genes responsible for susceptibility of CcS-11, we analyzed survival of TBEV-infected F2 hybrids between BALB/c and CcS-11. CcS-11 carries STS-derived segments on eight chromosomes. These were genotyped in the F2 hybrid mice and their linkage with survival was tested by binary trait interval mapping. We have sequenced genomes of BALB/c and STS using next generation sequencing and performed bioinformatics analysis of the chromosomal segment exhibiting linkage with TBEV survival. Results Linkage analysis revealed a novel suggestive survival-controlling locus on chromosome 7 linked to marker D7Nds5 (44.2 Mb). Analysis of this locus for polymorphisms between BALB/c and STS that change RNA stability and genes’ functions led to detection of 9 potential candidate genes: Cd33, Klk1b22, Siglece, Klk1b16, Fut2, Grwd1, Abcc6, Otog, and Mkrn3. One of them, Cd33, carried a nonsense mutation in the STS strain. Conclusions The robust genetic system of recombinant congenic strains of mice enabled detection of a novel suggestive locus on chromosome 7. This locus contains 9 candidate genes, which will be focus of future studies not only in mice but also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Palus
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karl W Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, 6770 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706-1532, USA
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matyáš Šíma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valeriya Volkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Slapničková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vojtíšková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mrázková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Salát
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic.
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71
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Magwira CA, Taylor MB. Composition of gut microbiota and its influence on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 36:3427-3433. [PMID: 29752022 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORVVs) has led to a reduction in number of hospitalisations and deaths due to rotavirus (RV) infection. However, the efficacy of the vaccines has been varied with low-income countries showing significantly lower efficacy as compared to high-income countries. The reasons for the disparity are not fully understood but are thought to be multi-factorial. In this review article, we discuss the concept that the disparity in the efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccines between the higher and lower socio-economical countries could be due the nature of the bacteria that colonises and establishes in the gut early in life. We further discuss recent studies that has demonstrated significant correlations between the composition of the gut bacteria and the immunogenicity of oral vaccines, and their implications in the development of novel oral RV vaccines or redesigning the current ones for maximum impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff A Magwira
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Maureen B Taylor
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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72
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Casanova JL, Abel L. Human genetics of infectious diseases: Unique insights into immunological redundancy. Semin Immunol 2018; 36:1-12. [PMID: 29254755 PMCID: PMC5910248 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For almost any given human-tropic virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite, the clinical outcome of primary infection is enormously variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal infection. This variability has long been thought to be largely determined by the germline genetics of the human host, and this is increasingly being demonstrated to be the case. The number and diversity of known inborn errors of immunity is continually increasing, and we focus here on autosomal and X-linked recessive traits underlying complete deficiencies of the encoded protein. Schematically, four types of infectious phenotype have been observed in individuals with such deficiencies, each providing information about the redundancy of the corresponding human gene, in terms of host defense in natural conditions. The lack of a protein can confer vulnerability to a broad range of microbes in most, if not all patients, through the disruption of a key immunological component. In such cases, the gene concerned is of low redundancy. However, the lack of a protein may also confer vulnerability to a narrow range of microbes, sometimes a single pathogen, and not necessarily in all patients. In such cases, the gene concerned is highly redundant. Conversely, the deficiency may be apparently neutral, conferring no detectable predisposition to infection in any individual. In such cases, the gene concerned is completely redundant. Finally, the lack of a protein may, paradoxically, be advantageous to the host, conferring resistance to one or more infections. In such cases, the gene is considered to display beneficial redundancy. These findings reflect the current state of evolution of humans and microbes, and should not be considered predictive of redundancy, or of a lack of redundancy, in the distant future. Nevertheless, these observations are of potential interest to present-day biologists testing immunological hypotheses experimentally and physicians managing patients with immunological or infectious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU.
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU.
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73
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Morozov V, Hansman G, Hanisch FG, Schroten H, Kunz C. Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Promising Antivirals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700679. [PMID: 29336526 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are diverse unconjugated carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human breast milk. These glycans are investigated in the context of exhibiting multiple functions in infant growth and development. They seem to provide protection against infectious diseases, including a number of poorly manageable viral infections. Although the potential mechanism of the HMO antiviral protection is rather broad, much of the current experimental work has focused on studying of HMO antiadhesive properties. HMOs may mimic structures of viral receptors and block adherence to target cells, thus preventing infection. Still, the potential of HMOs as a source for new antiviral drugs is relatively unexploited. This can be partly attributed to the extreme complexity of the virus-carbohydrate interactions and technical difficulties in HMO isolation, characterization, and manufacturing procedures. Fortunately, we are currently entering a period of major technological advances that have enabled deeper insights into carbohydrate mediated viral entry, rational selection of HMOs as anti-entry inhibitors, and even evaluation of individual synthetic HMO structures. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on glycan binding studies for rotaviruses, noroviruses, influenza viruses, and human immunodeficiency viruses. We also discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of HMOs as anti-entry inhibitors and address challenges on the route from fundamental studies to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Morozov
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grant Hansman
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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74
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Le Doare K, Holder B, Bassett A, Pannaraj PS. Mother's Milk: A Purposeful Contribution to the Development of the Infant Microbiota and Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:361. [PMID: 29599768 PMCID: PMC5863526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution. In addition to providing a source of nutrition, breast milk contains a diverse array of microbiota and myriad biologically active components that are thought to guide the infant’s developing mucosal immune system. It is believed that bacteria from the mother’s intestine may translocate to breast milk and dynamically transfer to the infant. Such interplay between mother and her infant is a key to establishing a healthy infant intestinal microbiome. These intestinal bacteria protect against many respiratory and diarrheal illnesses, but are subject to environmental stresses such as antibiotic use. Orchestrating the development of the microbiota are the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the synthesis of which are partially determined by the maternal genotype. HMOs are thought to play a role in preventing pathogenic bacterial adhesion though multiple mechanisms, while also providing nutrition for the microbiome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, carry a diverse cargo, including mRNA, miRNA, and cytosolic and membrane-bound proteins, and are readily detectable in human breast milk. Strongly implicated in cell–cell signaling, EVs could therefore may play a further role in the development of the infant microbiome. This review considers the emerging role of breast milk microbiota, bioactive HMOs, and EVs in the establishment of the neonatal microbiome and the consequent potential for modulation of neonatal immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Vaccines & Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Beth Holder
- Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisha Bassett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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The Lewis A phenotype is a restriction factor for Rotateq and Rotarix vaccine-take in Nicaraguan children. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1502. [PMID: 29367698 PMCID: PMC5784145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and the Lewis and secretor antigens are associated with susceptibility to rotavirus infection in a genotype-dependent manner. Nicaraguan children were prospectively enrolled in two cohorts vaccinated with either RotaTeq RV5 (n = 68) or Rotarix RV1 (n = 168). Lewis and secretor antigens were determined by saliva phenotyping and genotyping. Seroconversion was defined as a 4-fold increase in plasma IgA antibody titer 1 month after administration of the first dose of the vaccine. Regardless of the vaccine administered, significantly fewer of the children with Lewis A phenotype (0/14) seroconverted after receiving the first vaccine dose compared to 26% (45/175) of those with the Lewis B phenotype and 32% (15/47) of the Lewis negative individuals (P < 0.01). Furthermore, following administration of the RV1 vaccine, secretor-positive ABO blood group B children seroconverted to a significantly lesser extent (5%) compared to secretor-positive children with ABO blood groups A (26%) and O (27%) (P < 0.05). Other factors such as pre-vaccination titers, sex, breastfeeding, and calprotectin levels did not influence vaccine-take. Differences in HBGA expression appear to be a contributing factor in the discrepancy in vaccine-take and thus, in vaccine efficacy in different ethnic populations.
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76
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Velasquez DE, Parashar U, Jiang B. Decreased performance of live attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccines in low-income settings: causes and contributing factors. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:145-161. [PMID: 29252042 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1418665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have shown that the oral rotavirus vaccines are less effective in infants born in low income countries compared to those born in developed countries. Identifying the specific factors in developing countries that decrease and/or compromise the protection that rotavirus vaccines offer, could lead to a path for designing new strategies for the vaccines' improvement. AREAS COVERED We accessed PubMed to identify rotavirus vaccine performance studies (i.e., efficacy, effectiveness and immunogenicity) and correlated performance with several risk factors. Here, we review the factors that might contribute to the low vaccine efficacy, including passive transfer of maternal rotavirus antibodies, rotavirus seasonality, oral polio vaccine (OPV) administered concurrently, microbiome composition and concomitant enteric pathogens, malnutrition, environmental enteropathy, HIV, and histo blood group antigens. EXPERT COMMENTARY We highlight two major factors that compromise rotavirus vaccines' efficacy: the passive transfer of rotavirus IgG antibodies to infants and the co-administration of rotavirus vaccines with OPV. We also identify other potential risk factors that require further research because the data about their interference with the efficacy of rotavirus vaccines are inconclusive and at times conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Velasquez
- a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Umesh Parashar
- a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
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77
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Wylie KM, Stanley KM, TeKippe EM, Mihindukulasuriya K, Storch GA. Resurgence of Rotavirus Genotype G12 in St. Louis During the 2014-2015 Rotavirus Season. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2017; 6:346-351. [PMID: 27988496 PMCID: PMC5907883 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotaviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis. Rotavirus vaccination has dramatically reduced rotavirus occurrence; however, we have noticed mild to moderate recurrences in the St. Louis area in alternate years. In 2013, we found rotavirus genotype G12 to be the dominant strain in the St. Louis region. In this study, we again determined the distribution of genotypes and ascertained vaccine history in patients infected with rotavirus G12 during the 2014-15 season. METHODS Samples submitted to the St. Louis Children's Hospital Microbiology Laboratory were tested for rotavirus using an antigen assay. We determined the VP7 genotype using amplicon sequence analysis. We determined genome sequences using high-throughput sequencing. We evaluated rotavirus immunization records when available. RESULTS Of 30 typed viruses from 2014-15, 29 were G12 (97%). Whole-genome sequencing revealed few changes from G12 viruses analyzed in 2012-13. VP4 and VP7 sequences were >99% identical to previously sequenced G12 strains from St. Louis, and immune epitopes were conserved. Vaccination histories were available from 17 patients. Of these, 4 had been vaccinated, 3 had received incomplete vaccination or had a vaccine history that could not be confirmed, and 10 had not been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS G12 re-emerged as the predominant rotavirus genotype in 2014-15, comprising a higher percentage of cases than in 2012-13. The majority of patients with G12 and available vaccination histories were unvaccinated. There was no genomic evidence to indicate that the G12 strains in St. Louis had evolved to escape vaccine protection. Our work emphasizes the need for continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Wylie
- Department of Pediatrics,The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Erin McElvania TeKippe
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Gregory A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics,Correspondence: G. A. Storch, MD, The Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine Campus Box 8208, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 ()
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78
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Zhou W, Ma H, Deng G, Tang L, Lu J, Chen X. Clinical significance and biological function of fucosyltransferase 2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97246-97259. [PMID: 29228607 PMCID: PMC5722559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation, which is catalyzed by fucosyltransferases (FUTs), is one of the most important glycosylation events involved in cancer. Studies have shown that fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is overexpressed in NSCLC and promotes lung cancer progression. However, there are no reports about the pathological role of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) in lung cancer. To identify FUT2 associated with lung cancer, the expression and clinical significance of FUT2 in lung cancer was investigated by Real-Time PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. In addition, we investigated the effect of knockdown FUT2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results showed that the expression of FUT2 in lung adenocarcinoma is higher than that in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Knocking down FUT2 in A549 and H1299 cells decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased cell apoptosis compared to corresponding control cells. Furthermore, Western Blot showed that knockdown FUT2 can impact the expression of migration-associated and apoptosis-associated proteins in A549 cells. Our results suggest that FUT2 may be associated with lung adenocarcinoma development and thus is a potential biomarker or/and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhou
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huijun Ma
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqing Deng
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Harris V, Ali A, Fuentes S, Korpela K, Kazi M, Tate J, Parashar U, Wiersinga WJ, Giaquinto C, de Weerth C, de Vos WM. Rotavirus vaccine response correlates with the infant gut microbiota composition in Pakistan. Gut Microbes 2017; 9:93-101. [PMID: 28891751 PMCID: PMC5989807 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1376162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of diarrhea-related death in children worldwide and ninety-five percent of rotavirus deaths occur in Africa and Asia. Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) can dramatically reduce RV deaths, but have low efficacy in low-income settings where they are most needed. The intestinal microbiome may contribute to this decreased RVV efficacy. This pilot study hypothesizes that infants' intestinal microbiota composition correlates with RVV immune responses and that RVV responders have different gut microbiota as compared to non-responders. We conducted a nested, matched case-control study comparing the pre-vaccination intestinal microbiota composition between 10 6-week old Pakistani RVV-responders, 10 6-week old Pakistani RVV non-responders, and 10 healthy Dutch infants. RVV response was defined as an Immunoglobulin A of ≥20 IU/mL following Rotarix™(RV1) vaccination in an infant with a pre-vaccination IgA<20. Infants were matched in a 1:1 ratio using ranked variables: RV1 dosing schedule (6/10/14; 6/10; or 10/14 weeks), RV season, delivery mode, delivery place, breastfeeding practices, age and gender. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using a highly reproducible phylogenetic microarray. RV1 response correlated with a higher relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Clostridium cluster XI and Proteobacteria, including bacteria related to Serratia and Escherichia coli. Remarkably, abundance of these Proteobacteria was also significantly higher in Dutch infants when compared to RV1-non-responders in Pakistan. This small but carefully matched study showed the intestinal microbiota composition to correlate with RV1 seroconversion in Pakistan infants, identifying signatures shared with healthy Dutch infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Harris
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT Vanessa Harris , Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Susana Fuentes
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Katri Korpela
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,RPU Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Momin Kazi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jacqueline Tate
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Behavioral Science Institute, Department of Developmental Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,RPU Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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80
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Mottram L, Wiklund G, Larson G, Qadri F, Svennerholm AM. FUT2 non-secretor status is associated with altered susceptibility to symptomatic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in Bangladeshis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10649. [PMID: 28878367 PMCID: PMC5587594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the FUT2 gene alters glycan ABO(H) blood group and Lewis antigen expression (commonly known as non-secretor status) in the small intestinal mucosa. Whilst non-secretor status affects 20% of the population worldwide, it has been reported to be present in up to 40% of all Bangladeshis. Furthermore, Bangladeshi children are reportedly more susceptible to symptomatic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection if they are non-secretors. Therefore, in an attempt to identify a non-secretor status genotypic biomarker of altered susceptibility to ETEC infection, we used the 1000 Genomes Project to identify three population related non-synonymous FUT2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We then assessed the genotypic frequency of these SNPs in Bangladeshi children who had been clinically monitored for ETEC infection. One novel missense FUT2 SNP, rs200157007-TT and the earlier established rs601338-AA SNP were shown to be causing non-secretor status, with these SNPs being associated with symptomatic but not asymptomatic ETEC infection. Moreover, rs200157007-TT and rs601338-AA were associated with symptomatic but not asymptomatic ETEC infection irrespective of the child’s Lewis secretor status, suggesting FUT2, the regulator of Lewis and ABO(H) antigens in the intestinal mucosa, could be a host genotypic feature affecting susceptibility to ETEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Mottram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gudrun Wiklund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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81
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Kenney AD, Dowdle JA, Bozzacco L, McMichael TM, St Gelais C, Panfil AR, Sun Y, Schlesinger LS, Anderson MZ, Green PL, López CB, Rosenberg BR, Wu L, Yount JS. Human Genetic Determinants of Viral Diseases. Annu Rev Genet 2017; 51:241-263. [PMID: 28853921 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-023425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the identification of specific human gene variants that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral diseases. Herein we review multiple discoveries made with genome-wide or candidate gene approaches that have revealed significant insights into virus-host interactions. Genetic factors that have been identified include genes encoding virus receptors, receptor-modifying enzymes, and a wide variety of innate and adaptive immunity-related proteins. We discuss a range of pathogenic viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T cell leukemia virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, herpes simplex virus, norovirus, rotavirus, parvovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Understanding the genetic underpinnings that affect infectious disease outcomes should allow tailored treatment and prevention approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - James A Dowdle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Leonia Bozzacco
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Current affiliation: Target Information Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA;
| | - Temet M McMichael
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Corine St Gelais
- Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Amanda R Panfil
- Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , , .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA;
| | - Matthew Z Anderson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Patrick L Green
- Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Program in Immunogenomics, John C. Whitehead Presidential Fellows Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , , .,Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
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82
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Lewnard JA, Lopman BA, Parashar UD, Bar-Zeev N, Samuel P, Guerrero ML, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Kang G, Pitzer VE. Naturally Acquired Immunity Against Rotavirus Infection and Gastroenteritis in Children: Paired Reanalyses of Birth Cohort Studies. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:317-326. [PMID: 28859432 PMCID: PMC5853322 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies in socioeconomically distinct populations have yielded conflicting conclusions about the strength of naturally acquired immunity against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), mirroring vaccine underperformance in low-income countries. We revisited birth cohort studies to understand naturally acquired protection against rotavirus infection and RVGE. Methods We reanalyzed data from 200 Mexican and 373 Indian children followed from birth to 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. We reassessed protection against RVGE, decomposing the incidence rate into the rate of rotavirus infection and the risk of RVGE given infection, and tested for serum antibody correlates of protection using regression models. Results Risk for primary, secondary, and subsequent infections to cause RVGE decreased per log-month of age by 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12%-41%), 69% (95% CI, 30%-86%), and 64% (95% CI, -186% to 95%), respectively, in Mexico City, and by 10% (95% CI, -1% to 19%), 51% (95% CI, 41%-59%) and 67% (95% CI, 57%-75%), respectively, in Vellore. Elevated serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G titers were associated with partial protection against rotavirus infection. Associations between older age and reduced risk for RVGE or moderate-to-severe RVGE given infection persisted after controlling for antibody levels. Conclusions Dissimilar estimates of protection against RVGE may be due in part to age-related, antibody-independent risk for rotavirus infections to cause RVGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Lewnard
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin A Lopman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre
| | - Prasanna Samuel
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Lourdes Guerrero
- Instituto Nacional de Ciences Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gagandeep Kang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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83
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Yang TA, Hou JY, Huang YC, Chen CJ. Genetic Susceptibility to Rotavirus Gastroenteritis and Vaccine Effectiveness in Taiwanese Children. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6412. [PMID: 28743921 PMCID: PMC5526899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic susceptibility to and vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus gastroenteritis were different in distinct ethnic groups. The case-control study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and associations between the histo-blood group antigens and susceptibility to rotavirus infections in a Taiwanese population. Cases were children <18 years old who were hospitalized because of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection. Controls were healthy children matched to cases by age and gender. The secretor status and Lewis antigen and ABO types were determined by molecular methods. A total of 68 cases and 133 controls were included. Rotavirus immunization was recorded in 8 (12%) cases and 77 (58%) controls, indicating a vaccine effectiveness of 90.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.1% - 95.7%). The secretor and Lewis-positive genotypes were independently associated with increased risk of rotavirus infections (matched odds ratio [mOR] 28.5, 95% CI 2.94-277, P = 0.003 and mOR 16.8, 95% CI 1.08-2601, P = 0.04, respectively). The distribution of ABO blood types did not differ significantly between cases and controls (P = 0.47). In conclusion, Taiwanese children with the secretor genotype and Lewis-positive genotype were at increased risk of moderate-to-severe rotavirus infections. The illness can be effectively prevented by immunization in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yin Hou
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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84
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Lucero Y, Vidal R, O'Ryan G M. Norovirus vaccines under development. Vaccine 2017; 36:5435-5441. [PMID: 28668568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis, including both outbreaks and endemic infections. The development of preventive strategies, including vaccines, for the most susceptible groups (children <5years of age, the elderly and individuals suffering crowding, such as military personnel and travelers) is desirable. However, NoV vaccine development has faced many difficulties, including genetic/antigenic diversity, limited knowledge on NoV immunology and viral cycle, lack of a permissive cell line for cultivation and lack of a widely available and successful animal model. Vaccine candidates rely on inoculation of virus-like particles (VLPs) formed by the main capsid protein VP1, subviral particles made from the protruding domain of VP1 (P-particles) or viral vectors with a NoV capsid gene insert produced by bioengineering technologies. Polivalent vaccines including multiple NoV genotypes and/or other viruses acquired by the enteric route have been developed. A VLP vaccine candidate has reached phase II clinical trials and several others are in pre-clinical stages of development. In this article we discuss the main challenges facing the development of a NoV vaccine and the current status of prevailing candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Lucero
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan G
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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85
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Shanker S, Hu L, Ramani S, Atmar RL, Estes MK, Venkataram Prasad BV. Structural features of glycan recognition among viral pathogens. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:211-218. [PMID: 28591681 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition and binding to host glycans present on cellular surfaces is an initial and critical step in viral entry. Diverse families of host glycans such as histo-blood group antigens, sialoglycans and glycosaminoglycans are recognized by viruses. Glycan binding determines virus-host specificity, tissue tropism, pathogenesis and potential for interspecies transmission. Viruses including noroviruses, rotaviruses, enteroviruses, influenza, and papillomaviruses have evolved novel strategies to bind specific glycans often in a strain-specific manner. Structural studies have been instrumental in elucidating the molecular determinants of these virus-glycan interactions, aiding in developing vaccines and antivirals targeting this key interaction. Our review focuses on these key structural aspects of virus-glycan interactions, particularly highlighting the different strain-specific strategies employed by viruses to bind host glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejesh Shanker
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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86
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Kazi AM, Cortese MM, Yu Y, Lopman B, Morrow AL, Fleming JA, McNeal MM, Steele AD, Parashar UD, Zaidi AKM, Ali A. Secretor and Salivary ABO Blood Group Antigen Status Predict Rotavirus Vaccine Take in Infants. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:786-789. [PMID: 28329092 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) expressed on enterocytes are proposed receptors for rotaviruses and can be measured in saliva. Among 181 Pakistani infants in a G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine trial who were seronegative at baseline, anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A seroconversion rates after 3 vaccine doses differed significantly by salivary HBGA phenotype, with the lowest rate (19%) among infants who were nonsecretors (ie, who did not express the carbohydrate synthesized by FUT2), an intermediate rate (30%) among secretors with non-blood group O, and the highest rate (51%) among secretors with O blood group. Differences in HBGA expression may be responsible for some of the discrepancy in the level of protection detected for the current rotavirus vaccines in low-income versus high-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Momin Kazi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Margaret M Cortese
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ying Yu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Childrens' Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Benjamin Lopman
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ardythe L Morrow
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Childrens' Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | - Monica M McNeal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anita K M Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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87
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Rodríguez-Díaz J, García-Mantrana I, Vila-Vicent S, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Buesa J, Monedero V, Collado MC. Relevance of secretor status genotype and microbiota composition in susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus infections in humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45559. [PMID: 28358023 PMCID: PMC5372083 DOI: 10.1038/srep45559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic factors, such as histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), are associated with susceptibility to norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RV) infections. Recent advances point to the gut microbiome as a key player necessary for a viral pathogen to cause infection. In vitro NoV attachment to host cells and resulting infections have been linked to interactions with certain bacterial types in the gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between host genotype, gut microbiota, and viral infections. Saliva and fecal samples from 35 adult volunteers were analysed for secretor status genotype, the gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and salivary IgA titers to NoV and RV. Higher levels of IgA against NoV and RV were related to secretor-positive status. No significant differences were found between the FUT2 genotype groups, although the multivariate analysis showed a significant impact of host genotype on specific viral susceptibilities in the microbiome composition. A specific link was found between the abundance of certain bacterial groups, such as Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus spp., and lower IgA titers against NoV and RV. As a conclusion, we can state that there is a link between host genetics, gut microbiota, and susceptibility to viral infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Izaskun García-Mantrana
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Vila-Vicent
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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88
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Nieuwenhuijse DF, Koopmans MPG. Metagenomic Sequencing for Surveillance of Food- and Waterborne Viral Diseases. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:230. [PMID: 28261185 PMCID: PMC5309255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of viruses can be transmitted by the food- and waterborne route. However, their recognition is challenging because of the variety of viruses, heterogeneity of symptoms, the lack of awareness of clinicians, and limited surveillance efforts. Classical food- and waterborne viral disease outbreaks are mainly caused by caliciviruses, but the source of the virus is often not known and the foodborne mode of transmission is difficult to discriminate from human-to-human transmission. Atypical food- and waterborne viral disease can be caused by viruses such as hepatitis A and hepatitis E. In addition, a source of novel emerging viruses with a potential to spread via the food- and waterborne route is the repeated interaction of humans with wildlife. Wildlife-to-human adaptation may give rise to self- limiting outbreaks in some cases, but when fully adjusted to the human host can be devastating. Metagenomic sequencing has been investigated as a promising solution for surveillance purposes as it detects all viruses in a single protocol, delivers additional genomic information for outbreak tracing, and detects novel unknown viruses. Nevertheless, several issues must be addressed to apply metagenomic sequencing in surveillance. First, sample preparation is difficult since the genomic material of viruses is generally overshadowed by host- and bacterial genomes. Second, several data analysis issues hamper the efficient, robust, and automated processing of metagenomic data. Third, interpretation of metagenomic data is hard, because of the lack of general knowledge of the virome in the food chain and the environment. Further developments in virus-specific nucleic acid extraction methods, bioinformatic data processing applications, and unifying data visualization tools are needed to gain insightful surveillance knowledge from suspect food samples.
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89
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Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Immergluck LC, Parker TC, Laghaie E, Mohammed A, McFadden T, Parashar UD, Bowen MD, Cortese MM. Shedding of porcine circovirus type 1 DNA and rotavirus RNA by infants vaccinated with Rotarix®. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 13:928-935. [PMID: 27936349 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1255388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-three infants aged ∼2 months had serial stool samples collected after receipt of Rotarix® vaccine dose 1, and were assessed for shedding of porcine circovirus type 1 DNA and Rotavirus group A RNA by molecular methods. We did not find strong evidence that porcine circovirus type 1 replication occurred. Porcine circovirus type 1 genome with the same sequence as that in Rotarix® was detected in a few infants as late as day ≥ 13; while this timing could suggest there may have been replication and not just transient passage through the gastrointestinal tract, the lack of increase in copy number in any infant supports transient passage and there are inherent limitations to the results. We found that 21% of infants did not shed Rotarix® RVA RNA beyond the day 3 sample, which may suggest lack of vaccine virus replication. Of the infants in whom Rotarix RVA RNA shedding continued, peak copy numbers were reached on days 3-5 for ∼40%, and after day 5 in ∼60%, and shedding can be prolonged (≥ 45 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic
- a Division of Viral Diseases , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Lilly Cheng Immergluck
- b Morehouse School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Departments of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology and Pediatrics , Atlanta , GA
| | - Trisha Chan Parker
- b Morehouse School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Departments of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology and Pediatrics , Atlanta , GA
| | - Elham Laghaie
- b Morehouse School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Departments of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology and Pediatrics , Atlanta , GA
| | - Anaam Mohammed
- b Morehouse School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Departments of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology and Pediatrics , Atlanta , GA
| | - Terri McFadden
- c Emory University , Department of Pediatrics , Atlanta , GA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- a Division of Viral Diseases , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- a Division of Viral Diseases , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Margaret M Cortese
- a Division of Viral Diseases , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
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90
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Harris VC, Armah G, Fuentes S, Korpela KE, Parashar U, Victor JC, Tate J, de Weerth C, Giaquinto C, Wiersinga WJ, Lewis KDC, de Vos WM. Significant Correlation Between the Infant Gut Microbiome and Rotavirus Vaccine Response in Rural Ghana. J Infect Dis 2016; 215:34-41. [PMID: 27803175 PMCID: PMC5225256 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of diarrhea-related death in children
worldwide and 95% of RV-associated deaths occur in Africa and Asia
where RV vaccines (RVVs) have lower efficacy. We hypothesize that
differences in intestinal microbiome composition correlate with the
decreased RVV efficacy observed in poor settings. Methods We conducted a nested, case-control study comparing prevaccination, fecal
microbiome compositions between 6-week old, matched RVV responders and
nonresponders in rural Ghana. These infants' microbiomes were then
compared with 154 age-matched, healthy Dutch infants' microbiomes,
assumed to be RVV responders. Fecal microbiome analysis was performed in all
groups using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip. Results We analyzed findings in 78 Ghanaian infants, including 39 RVV responder and
nonresponder pairs. The overall microbiome composition was significantly
different between RVV responders and nonresponders (FDR, 0.12), and Ghanaian
responders were more similar to Dutch infants than nonresponders
(P = .002). RVV response correlated with an
increased abundance of Streptococcus bovis and a decreased
abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum in comparisons between both Ghanaian
RVV responders and nonresponders (FDR, 0.008 vs 0.003) and Dutch infants and
Ghanaian nonresponders (FDR, 0.002 vs 0.009). Conclusions The intestinal microbiome composition correlates significantly with RVV
immunogenicity and may contribute to the diminished RVV immunogenicity
observed in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Harris
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development.,Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - George Armah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon
| | | | - Katri E Korpela
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, and Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John C Victor
- PATH, Vaccine Access and Delivery, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jacqueline Tate
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Kristen D C Lewis
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, and Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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91
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Goto Y, Uematsu S, Kiyono H. Epithelial glycosylation in gut homeostasis and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1244-1251. [PMID: 27760104 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells apically express glycans, especially α1,2-fucosyl linkages, which work as a biological interface for the host-microbe interaction. Emerging studies have shown that epithelial α1,2-fucosylation is regulated by microbes and by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Dysregulation of the gene (FUT2) encoding fucosyltransferase 2, an enzyme governing epithelial α1,2-fucosylation, is associated with various human disorders, including infection and chronic inflammatory diseases. This suggests a critical role for an interaction between microbes, epithelial cells and ILC3s mediated via glycan residues. In this Review, using α1,2-fucose and Fut2 gene expression as an example, we describe how epithelial glycosylation is controlled by immune cells and luminal microbes. We also address the pathophysiological contribution of epithelial α1,2-fucosylation to pathogenic and commensal microbes as well as the potential of α1,2-fucose and its regulatory pathway as previously unexploited targets in the development of new therapeutic approaches for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Goto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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92
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Glycan Specificity of P[19] Rotavirus and Comparison with Those of Related P Genotypes. J Virol 2016; 90:9983-9996. [PMID: 27558427 PMCID: PMC5068545 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01494-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The P[19] genotype belongs to the P[II] genogroup of group A rotaviruses (RVs). However, unlike the other P[II] RVs, which mainly infect humans, P[19] RVs commonly infect animals (pigs), making P[19] unique for the study of RV diversity and host ranges. Through in vitro binding assays and saturation transfer difference (STD) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we found that P[19] could bind mucin cores 2, 4, and 6, as well as type 1 histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). The common sequences of these glycans serve as minimal binding units, while additional residues, such as the A, B, H, and Lewis epitopes of the type 1 HBGAs, can further define the binding outcomes and therefore likely the host ranges for P[19] RVs. This complex binding property of P[19] is shared with the other three P[II] RVs (P[4], P[6], and P[8]) in that all of them recognized the type 1 HBGA precursor, although P[4] and P[8], but not P[6], also bind to mucin cores. Moreover, while essential for P[4] and P[8] binding, the addition of the Lewis epitope blocked P[6] and P[19] binding to type 1 HBGAs. Chemical-shift NMR of P[19] VP8* identified a ligand binding interface that has shifted away from the known RV P-genotype binding sites but is conserved among all P[II] RVs and two P[I] RVs (P[10] and P[12]), suggesting an evolutionary connection among these human and animal RVs. Taken together, these data are important for hypotheses on potential mechanisms for RV diversity, host ranges, and cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE In this study, we found that our P[19] strain and other P[II] RVs recognize mucin cores and the type 1 HBGA precursors as the minimal functional units and that additional saccharides adjacent to these units can alter binding outcomes and thereby possibly host ranges. These data may help to explain why some P[II] RVs, such as P[6] and P[19], commonly infect animals but rarely humans, while others, such as the P[4] and P[8] RVs, mainly infect humans and are predominant over other P genotypes. Elucidation of the molecular bases for strain-specific host ranges and cross-species transmission of these human and animal RVs is important to understand RV epidemiology and disease burden, which may impact development of control and prevention strategies against RV gastroenteritis.
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93
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P[8] and P[4] Rotavirus Infection Associated with Secretor Phenotypes Among Children in South China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34591. [PMID: 27708367 PMCID: PMC5052604 DOI: 10.1038/srep34591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses are known to recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as a host ligand that is believed to play an important role in rotavirus host susceptibility and host range. In this study, paired fecal and saliva samples collected from children with viral gastroenteritis, as well as paired serum and saliva samples collected from the general population in south China were studied to evaluate potential association between rotavirus infections and human HBGA phenotypes. Rotavirus was detected in 75 (28%) of 266 fecal samples and P[8] rotaviruses were found to be the predominant genotype. The HBGA phenotypes of the rotavirus-infected children were determined through their saliva samples. Secretor statuses were found to correlate with the risk of rotavirus infection and all P[8]/P[4] rotavirus infected children were secretors. Accordingly, recombinant VP8* proteins of the P[8]/P[4] rotaviruses bound saliva samples from secretor individuals. Furthermore, correlation between serum P[8]/P[4]-specific IgG and host Lewis and secretor phenotypes has been found among 206 studied serum samples. Our study supported the association between rotavirus infection and the host HBGA phenotypes, which would help further understanding of rotavirus host range and epidemiology.
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94
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Field SS. Reasons for influenza vaccination underutilization: A case-control study. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:1084-1088. [PMID: 27692087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccines are underused. METHODS Most (131/140) patients from a pediatric practice who were tested for influenza in the 2012-2013 season were enrolled. Medical records plus questionnaires determined vaccine and past disease histories and influenza vaccine attitudes. Influenza-negative tested cases (n = 65) and negative controls (n = 110) closely age-matched to 55 test-positive cases were compared with influenza-positive cases (n = 66) regarding prior influenza, vaccine efficacy, and limited vaccine season conflicting with birth dates and preventative visit timing to determine possible validity of reasons given for underutilization. RESULTS The most common parental reason for not vaccinating was lack of perceived need. History of previous influenza was significantly (P < .0001) associated with disease. Live attenuated vaccine rates were greater in controls than in influenza patients for ages 2-18 years (P < .005) and for ages 6-18 years (P < .0001), whereas injectable vaccine rates were not (P = .30 and P = .60, respectively). Most positive cases (59%) and controls (89%) had no prior influenza. CONCLUSIONS Prior influenza disease may be a risk factor for infection that could influence vaccination benefit. Live attenuated influenza vaccine outperformed trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Limited disease experience in individuals with low influenza vaccination rates, along with vaccine efficacy limitations, lends validity to some underutilization.
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95
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Bowen MD, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Esona MD, Teel EN, Gautam R, Sturgeon M, Azimi PH, Baker CJ, Bernstein DI, Boom JA, Chappell J, Donauer S, Edwards KM, Englund JA, Halasa NB, Harrison CJ, Johnston SH, Klein EJ, McNeal MM, Moffatt ME, Rench MA, Sahni LC, Selvarangan R, Staat MA, Szilagyi PG, Weinberg GA, Wikswo ME, Parashar UD, Payne DC. Rotavirus Strain Trends During the Postlicensure Vaccine Era: United States, 2008-2013. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:732-8. [PMID: 27302190 PMCID: PMC5075963 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are a significant cause of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) has conducted active surveillance for RVA at pediatric hospitals and emergency departments at 3-7 geographically diverse sites in the United States since 2006. METHODS Over 6 consecutive years, from 2008 to 2013, 1523 samples from NVSN sites that were tested positive by a Rotaclone enzyme immunoassay were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for genotyping. RESULTS In the 2009, 2010, and 2011 seasons, genotype G3P[8] was the predominant genotype throughout the network, with a 46%-84% prevalence. In the 2012 season, G12P[8] replaced G3P[8] as the most common genotype, with a 70% prevalence, and this trend persisted in 2013 (68.0% prevalence). Vaccine (RotaTeq; Rotarix) strains were detected in 0.6%-3.4% of genotyped samples each season. Uncommon and unusual strains (eg, G8P[4], G3P[24], G2P[8], G3P[4], G3P[6], G24P[14], G4P[6], and G9P[4]) were detected sporadically over the study period. Year, study site, and race were found to be significant predictors of genotype. CONCLUSIONS Continued active surveillance is needed to monitor RVA genotypes in the United States and to detect potential changes since vaccine licensure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Bowen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Mathew D Esona
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Rashi Gautam
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Carol J Baker
- Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Julie A Boom
- Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James Chappell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary E Moffatt
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Marcia A Rench
- Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Mary A Staat
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | | | - Mary E Wikswo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Daniel C Payne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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96
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Andreas NJ, Al-Khalidi A, Jaiteh M, Clarke E, Hyde MJ, Modi N, Holmes E, Kampmann B, Mehring Le Doare K. Role of human milk oligosaccharides in Group B Streptococcus colonisation. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e99. [PMID: 27588204 PMCID: PMC5007626 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. The major risk factor for GBS disease is maternal and subsequent infant colonisation. It is unknown whether human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) protect against GBS colonisation. HMO production is genetically determined and linked to the Lewis antigen system. We aimed to investigate the association between HMOs and infant GBS colonisation between birth and postnatal day 90. Rectovaginal swabs were collected at delivery, as well as colostrum/breast milk, infant nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs at birth, 6 days and days 60–89 postpartum from 183 Gambian mother/infant pairs. GBS colonisation and serotypes were determined using culture and PCR. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterise the mother's Lewis status and HMO profile in breast milk. Mothers who were Lewis-positive were significantly less likely to be colonised by GBS (X2=12.50, P<0.001). Infants of Lewis-positive mothers were less likely GBS colonised at birth (X2=4.88 P=0.03) and more likely to clear colonisation between birth and days 60–89 than infants born to Lewis-negative women (P=0.05). There was no association between Secretor status and GBS colonisation. In vitro work revealed that lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LNDFHI) correlated with a reduction in the growth of GBS. Our results suggest that HMO such as LNDFHI may be a useful adjunct in reducing maternal and infant colonisation and hence invasive GBS disease. Secretor status offers utility as a stratification variable in GBS clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Andreas
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Asmaa Al-Khalidi
- The Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mustapha Jaiteh
- MRC Unit-The Gambia, Vaccines and Immunity Theme , Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Edward Clarke
- MRC Unit-The Gambia, Vaccines and Immunity Theme , Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Matthew J Hyde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Neena Modi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- The Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital , London, UK
| | - Kirsty Mehring Le Doare
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK
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97
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Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Histo-blood group glycans in the context of personalized medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1596-607. [PMID: 26748235 PMCID: PMC7117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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98
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Binding specificity of P[8] VP8* proteins of rotavirus vaccine strains with histo-blood group antigens. Virology 2016; 495:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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99
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Sun X, Guo N, Li J, Yan X, He Z, Li D, Jin M, Xie G, Pang L, Zhang Q, Liu N, Duan ZJ. Rotavirus infection and histo-blood group antigens in the children hospitalized with diarrhoea in China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:740.e1-3. [PMID: 27345178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore the association between rotavirus (RV) infection and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), a cross-sectional study was conducted in children hospitalized with diarrhoea in China from November 2014 to February 2015. In total, 424 sets of stool, saliva and buccal cell samples were collected. For the 125 RV-negative samples, 92% (104/125) were secretors/partial secretors, 8% (10/125) were non-secretors. Among the 299 RV-positive samples, 277 were P[8] and 22 were P[4]. All P[4] and P[8] positive individuals were secretors/partial secretors except for one P[8] (0.3%, 1/299), which was a non-secretor. These findings indicate that P[8] and P[4] RVs preferably infect secretors/partial secretors (p <0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - N Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - X Yan
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Lulong County, Hebei, China
| | - Z He
- Chenzou No.1 People's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - M Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - G Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - L Pang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - N Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Z-J Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
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100
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Ramani S, Hu L, Venkataram Prasad B, Estes MK. Diversity in Rotavirus-Host Glycan Interactions: A "Sweet" Spectrum. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:263-273. [PMID: 28090561 PMCID: PMC5042371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interaction with cellular glycans is a critical initial step in the pathogenesis of many infectious agents. Technological advances in glycobiology have expanded the repertoire of studies delineating host glycan-pathogen interactions. For rotavirus, the VP8* domain of the outer capsid spike protein VP4 is known to interact with cellular glycans. Sialic acid was considered the key cellular attachment factor for rotaviruses for decades. Although this is true for many rotavirus strains causing infections in animals, glycan array screens show that many human rotavirus strains bind nonsialylated glycoconjugates, called histo-blood group antigens, in a strain-specific manner. The expression of histo-blood group antigens is determined genetically and is regulated developmentally. Variations in glycan binding between different rotavirus strains are biologically relevant and provide new insights into multiple aspects of virus pathogenesis such as interspecies transmission, host range restriction, and tissue tropism. The genetics of glycan expression may affect susceptibility to different rotavirus strains and vaccine viruses, and impact the efficacy of rotavirus vaccination in different populations. A multidisciplinary approach to understanding rotavirus-host glycan interactions provides molecular insights into the interaction between microbial pathogens and glycans, and opens up new avenues to translate findings from the bench to the human population.
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Key Words
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycans
- HBGA, histo-blood group antigen
- HIE, human intestinal enteroid
- Histo-Blood Group Antigens
- LNT, lacto-N-tetraose
- LNnT, lacto-N-neotetraose
- LacNAc, N-acetyllactosamine
- Le, Lewis
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Neu5Ac, N-acetylneuraminic acid
- Neu5Gc, N-glycolylneuraminic acid
- RBC, red blood cell
- Rotavirus
- Sia
- Sia, sialic acid
- VP, viral protein
- VP8*
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sasirekha Ramani, PhD, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030. fax: (713) 798-3586.Department of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas 77030
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - B.V. Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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