51
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Chai W, Breitenbucher JG, Kwok A, Li X, Wong V, Carruthers NI, Lovenberg TW, Mazur C, Wilson SJ, Axe FU, Jones TK. Non-imidazole heterocyclic histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1767-70. [PMID: 12729661 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continued exploration of the SAR around the lead imidazopyridine histamine H(3) antagonist 1 has led to the discovery of several related series of heterocyclic histamine H(3) antagonists. The synthesis and SAR of indolizine, indole and pyrazolopyridine based compounds are now described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Chai
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L. L. C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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52
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Mikó T, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Novel nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists: 1-(4-(phenoxymethyl)benzyl)piperidines and related compounds. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1523-30. [PMID: 12672253 DOI: 10.1021/jm021084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In an extension of very recently published studies on successful imidazole replacements in some series of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists, we report on a new class of lipophilic nonimidazole antagonist having an aliphatic tertiary amino moiety connected to a benzyl template substituted in the 4-position by a phenoxymethyl group. The structural modifications were performed with the intention to avoid possible negative side effects reported for other series of antagonists. The novel compounds combine different characteristics of recently developed histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. The compounds were screened for their affinity in a binding assay for the human histamine H(3) receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells and tested for their in vivo potency in the central nervous system of mice after oral administration. Different substitution patterns on the phenoxy group were used to optimize in vitro and/or in vivo potency leading to some compounds with low nanomolar affinity and high oral in vivo potency. Modifications of the basic piperidino moiety were performed by ring expansion, contraction, and opening. Selected compounds exhibited selectivity in functional assays on isolated organs of guinea-pig for H(3) vs H(1) and H(2) receptors. Unexpectedly, some of the novel antagonists also showed a slight preference for the human histamine H(3) receptor compared to their affinities for the guinea-pig H(3) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Mikó
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, Germany
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53
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Shah C, McAtee L, Breitenbucher JG, Rudolph D, Li X, Lovenberg TW, Mazur C, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Novel human histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3309-12. [PMID: 12392739 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening, using the recombinant human H(3) receptor, was used to identify novel histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Evaluation of the lead compounds ultimately afforded potent, selective, orally bioavailable compounds (e.g., 38) with favorable blood-brain barrier penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shah
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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54
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Faghih R, Dwight W, Gentles R, Phelan K, Esbenshade TA, Ireland L, Miller TR, Kang CH, Fox GB, Gopalakrishnan SM, Hancock AA, Bennani YL. Structure-activity relationships of non-imidazole H(3) receptor ligands. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2031-4. [PMID: 12113835 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies for novel non-imidazole containing H(3) receptor antagonists with high potency and selectivity for rat H(3) receptors are described. A high throughput screening lead, A-923, was further elaborated in a systematic manner to clarify a pharmacophore for this class of aryloxyalkyl piperazine based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Faghih
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6123, USA.
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55
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Meier G, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Piperidino-hydrocarbon compounds as novel non-imidazole histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2535-42. [PMID: 12057642 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In search for novel non-imidazole histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists, piperidino-hydrocarbon compounds were synthesized using the known non-imidazole histamine H(3)-receptor antagonist FUB 637 (3-phenylpropyl 3-piperidinopropyl ether) as lead structure. Piperidino-alkyl derivatives containing highly flexible side chains (2, 4-7) were prepared via N-alkylation. Compounds containing unsaturated alkyl groups were synthesized in order to investigate the impact of rigidifying the side chain (8-16). Terminal alkynes were prepared by alkylation of lithium acetylide-ethylenediamine complex, disubstituted alkynes were synthesized by alkylation of the appropriate acetylene in the presence of n-butyllithium-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylene-ethylene-diamine complex. The novel compounds were investigated in an in vitro functional assay on the guinea-pig ileum, in which N-(7-phenylhept-3-ynyl)piperidine (14) proved to be of good potency in this class (pA(2)=7.21). In an in vivo assay the compounds were additionally screened for their abilities to influence central H(3)-histaminergic neuron activity in mice with regard to their oral availabilities and distribution properties. In this screening, N-pent-4-ynylpiperidine (9) and N-hex-5-ynylpiperidine (10) proved to be highly potent and orally available histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. The ED(50) values for 9 and 10 were 1.3 and 1.4mg/kg po, respectively, which is in the potency range of the reference antagonist thioperamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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56
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Aslanian R, Mutahi MW, Shih NY, McCormick KD, Piwinski JJ, Ting PC, Albanese MM, Berlin MY, Zhu X, Wong SC, Rosenblum SB, Jiang Y, West R, She S, Williams SM, Bryant M, Hey JA. Identification of a novel, orally bioavailable histamine H(3) receptor antagonist based on the 4-benzyl-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:937-41. [PMID: 11958998 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists, based on the 4-benzyl-(1H-imidazole-4-yl) template, incorporating urea and carbamate linkers has been prepared. Compound 3j is a selective H(3) antagonist and demonstrates excellent oral plasma levels in the rat and monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aslanian
- The Schering Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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57
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Apelt J, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Development of a new class of nonimidazole histamine H(3) receptor ligands with combined inhibitory histamine N-methyltransferase activity. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1128-41. [PMID: 11855993 DOI: 10.1021/jm0110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In search of novel ways to enhance histaminergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system, a new class of nonimidazole histamine H(3) receptor ligands were developed that simultaneously possess strong inhibitory activity on the main histamine metabolizing enzyme, histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT). The novel compounds contain an aminoquinoline moiety, which is an important structural feature for HMT inhibitory activity, connected by different spacers to a piperidino group (for H(3) receptor antagonism). Variation of the spacer structure provides two different series of compounds. One series, having only an alkylene spacer between the basic centers, led to highly potent HMT inhibitors with moderate to high affinity at human histamine H(3) receptors. The second series possesses a p-phenoxypropyl spacer, which may be extended by another alkylene chain. This latter series also showed strong inhibitory activity on HMT, and in most cases, the H(3) receptor affinity even surpassed that of the first series. One of the most potent compounds with this dual mode of action is 4-(4-(3-piperidinopropoxy)phenylamino)quinoline (34) (hH(3), K(i) = 0.09 nM; HMT, IC(50) = 51 nM). This class of compounds showed high antagonist potency and good H(3) receptor selectivity in functional assays in guinea pig on H(1), H(2), and H(3) receptors. Because of low or missing in vivo activity of two selected compounds, the proof of concept of these valuable pharmacological tools for the supposed superior overall enhancing effect on histaminergic neurotransmission failed to appear hitherto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Apelt
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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58
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Tozer MJ, Buck IM, Cooke T, Kalindjian SB, Pether MJ, Steel KIM. omega-(Imidazol-4-yl)alkane-1-sulfonamides: a new series of potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:425-32. [PMID: 11741790 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
omega-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)alkane-1-sulfonamides were prepared and found to be potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. High receptor affinity and a low difference in the data between the bioassays were achieved with 5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)pentane-1-sulfonic acid 4-chlorobenzylamide (16). Good in vitro profiles were also obtained for 2-hydroxysulfonamide and vinylsulfonamide analogues. This complements and completes the existing set of imidazole-based sulfonamides and sulfamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Tozer
- The James Black Foundation, 68 Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, SE24 9JE, London, UK.
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59
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Stark H, Arrang JM, Ligneau X, Garbarg M, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. The histamine H3 receptor and its ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:279-308. [PMID: 11774797 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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60
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Barnes W, Boyd D, Hough L. Dynamics of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists on brain histamine metabolism: do all histamine H(3) receptor antagonists act at a single site? Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 431:215-21. [PMID: 11728428 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thioperamide, the prototypical histamine H(3) receptor antagonist, acts at the brain histamine H(3) autoreceptor to promote the release and metabolism of neuronal histamine, resulting in higher brain levels of the metabolite tele-methylhistamine. However, unlike thioperamide, several new histamine H(3) receptor antagonists enter the central nervous system (CNS), block brain histamine H(3) receptors and increase histamine release without increasing brain tele-methylhistamine levels. Experiments were performed presently in an attempt to understand these results. Consistent with previous findings, thioperamide significantly increased the content and synthesis rate of tele-methylhistamine in mouse and rat brain. In contrast, the histamine H(3) receptor antagonists GT-2227 (4-(6-cyclohexylhex-cis-3-enyl)imidazole) and clobenpropit did not affect tele-methylhistamine synthesis rate in mouse whole brain. The histamine H(3) receptor ligand GT-2016 (5-cyclohexyl-1-(4-imidazol-4-ylpiperidyl)pentan-1-one) had no effect on tele-methylhistamine levels in any rat brain region and decreased tele-methylhistamine synthesis rates in the mouse whole brain. To examine the possibility that these histamine H(3) receptor antagonists might prevent the methylation of newly released histamine, they were co-administered with thioperamide to determine their effects on the thioperamide-induced stimulation of tele-methylhistamine synthesis. GT-2016 significantly reduced the thioperamide-induced activation of tele-methylhistamine synthesis in mouse whole brain and in several regions of rat brain. Although further clarification is needed, these results suggest that some histamine H(3) receptor antagonists may promote the release of neuronal histamine, but also act to reduce histamine methylation in vivo by an unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Barnes
- Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, MC-136, 47 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
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61
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Meier G, Apelt J, Reichert U, Grassmann S, Ligneau X, Elz S, Leurquin F, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Influence of imidazole replacement in different structural classes of histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 13:249-59. [PMID: 11384847 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reference compounds for histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists carry as a common feature an imidazole moiety substituted in the 4-position. Very recently novel ligands lacking an imidazole ring have been described possessing a N-containing non-aromatic heterocycle instead. In this study we investigated whether imidazole replacement, favourably by a piperidine moiety, is generally applicable to different structural classes of reference compounds, e.g., thioperamide, carboperamide, clobenpropit, FUB 181, ciproxifan, etc. While replacement led to a loss of affinity for many of the compounds, it was successfully applied to some ether derivatives. The piperidine analogues of FUB 181 and ciproxifan, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl 3-piperidinopropyl ether hydrogen oxalate (6) and cyclopropyl 4-(3-piperidinopropyloxy)phenyl methanone hydrogen maleate (7), almost maintained in vitro affinities, pK(i) values of 7.8 and 8.4, respectively, and showed high potency in vivo after p.o. administration (ED(50) values of 1.6 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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62
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De Esch IJ, Mills JE, Perkins TD, Romeo G, Hoffmann M, Wieland K, Leurs R, Menge WM, Nederkoorn PH, Dean PM, Timmerman H. Development of a Pharmacophore Model for Histamine H3Receptor Antagonists, Using the Newly Developed Molecular Modeling Program SLATE. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1666-74. [PMID: 11356102 DOI: 10.1021/jm001109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New molecular modeling tools were developed to construct a qualitative pharmacophore model for histamine H3 receptor antagonists. The program SLATE superposes ligands assuming optimum hydrogen bond geometry. One or two ligands are allowed to flex in the procedure, thereby enabling the determination of the bioactive conformation of flexible H3 antagonists. In the derived model, four hydrogen-bonding site points and two hydrophobic pockets available for binding antagonists are revealed. The model results in a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of H3 antagonists. To validate the model, a series of new antagonists was synthesized. The compounds were designed to interact with all four hydrogen-bonding site points and the two hydrophobic pockets simultaneously. These ligands have high H3 receptor affinity, thereby illustrating how the model can be used in the design of new classes of H3 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J De Esch
- De Novo Pharmaceuticals, St. Andrews House, 59 St. Andrews Street, CB2 3DD Cambridge, UK.
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63
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Mor M, Bordi F, Silva C, Rivara S, Zuliani V, Vacondio F, Morini G, Barocelli E, Ballabeni V, Impicciatore M, Plazzi PV. Synthesis and biological assays of new H3-antagonists with imidazole and imidazoline polar groups. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2000; 55:27-34. [PMID: 10755228 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New histamine H3-receptor antagonists were synthesised and tested on rat brain membranes and on electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum. The new compounds have a central polar group represented by a 2-alkylimidazole or a 2-thioimidazoline nucleus. The effect of the polar group basicity on the optimal length of the alkyl chain, connecting this group to a 4(5)-imidazolyl ring, was investigated. The best affinity values, obtained by displacement of [3H]-RAMHA from rat brain, were obtained for the 2-alkylimidazole derivatives (2a-f) with tetramethylene chain (pKi 8.03-8.97), having an intermediate basicity between that of the previously reported 2-thioimidazoles (1a-i) and that of 2-alkylthioimidazolines (3a-h). In contrast, a general lowering of affinity (pKi 5.90-7.63) was observed for compounds of the last series (3a-h), with a complex dependence on the terminal lipophilic group and chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
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64
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Walczyński K, Guryn R, Zuiderveld OP, Timmerman H. Non-imidazole histamine H3 ligands. Part I. Synthesis of 2-(1-piperazinyl)- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazole derivatives as H3-antagonists with H1 blocking activities. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 1999; 54:684-94. [PMID: 10575738 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
New 2-(1-Piperazinyl)- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazoles were prepared and tested as H1- and H3-receptor antagonists. A number of compounds showed weak H1-antagonistic activity, with pA2 values ranging from 5.5 to 6.1. The simple alkyl substituted, 2-[1-(4-methyl and 4-ethyl)piperazinyl] analogues show increasing, moderate H3-antagonistic activity (pA2 = 6.0, and pA2 = 7.0). The compounds with 4-phenylalkyl substitution, for both the piperazinyl and the hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl homologues series, regardless of the different physicochemical properties of the para substituents at the phenyl ring, showed weak H3-antagonistic activity with pA2 values ranging from 4.4 to 5.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Walczyński
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical Academy, Lódź, Poland
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