51
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Guiding the behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with patterned silk fibroin films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:79-84. [PMID: 25016547 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is an ideal blood vessel substitute due to its advantageous qualities including variable size, good suture retention, low thrombogenicity, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradation. In this study, silk fibroin films with a variety of surface patterns (e.g. square wells, round wells plus square pillars, square pillars, and gratings) were prepared for in vitro characterization of human umbilical vein endothelial cell's (HUVEC) response. The affects of biomimetic length-scale topographic cues on the cell orientation/elongation, proliferation, and cell-substrate interactions have been investigated. The density of cells is significantly decreased in response to the grating patterns (70±3nm depth, 600±8nm pitch) and the square pillars (333±42nm gap). Most notably, we observed the contact guidance response of filopodia of cells cultured on the surface of round wells plus square pillars. Overall, our data demonstrates that the patterned silk fibroin films have an impact on the behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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52
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Park S, Im GI. Stem cell responses to nanotopography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1238-45. [PMID: 24853234 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells interact with various nanoscaled topographical and biochemical cues in their cellular macromolecular environment. Nanotopography recreates or mimic the cellular macromolecular environment in vitro. The influence of material surface topography on the behavior of adherent cells has been studied. Current techniques enable various kinds of nanopatterned surface to be generated and applied to cells. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of nanotopography and its surface patterns, and introduce nanotopography effects on cell behavior including cell attachment, proliferation, and cell differentiation with particular emphasis on musculoskeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Korea
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53
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Prisco AR, Bukowy JD, Hoffmann BR, Karcher JR, Exner EC, Greene AS. Automated quantification reveals hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial angiogenic function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94599. [PMID: 24718615 PMCID: PMC3981811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has reached epidemic levels globally. A contributing factor to the development of DM is high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). One complication associated with DM is a decreased angiogenesis. The Matrigel tube formation assay (TFA) is the most widely utilized in vitro assay designed to assess angiogenic factors and conditions. In spite of the widespread use of Matrigel TFAs, quantification is labor-intensive and subjective, often limiting experiential design and interpretation of results. This study describes the development and validation of an open source software tool for high throughput, morphometric analysis of TFA images and the validation of an in vitro hyperglycemic model of DM. APPROACH AND RESULTS Endothelial cells mimic angiogenesis when placed onto a Matrigel coated surface by forming tube-like structures. The goal of this study was to develop an open-source software algorithm requiring minimal user input (Pipeline v1.3) to automatically quantify tubular metrics from TFA images. Using Pipeline, the ability of endothelial cells to form tubes was assessed after culture in normal or high glucose for 1 or 2 weeks. A significant decrease in the total tube length and number of branch points was found when comparing groups treated with high glucose for 2 weeks versus normal glucose or 1 week of high glucose. CONCLUSIONS Using Pipeline, it was determined that hyperglycemia inhibits formation of endothelial tubes in vitro. Analysis using Pipeline was more accurate and significantly faster than manual analysis. The Pipeline algorithm was shown to have additional applications, such as detection of retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Prisco
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John D. Bukowy
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Hoffmann
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jamie R. Karcher
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Exner
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Greene
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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54
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Szymanski JM, Feinberg AW. Fabrication of freestanding alginate microfibers and microstructures for tissue engineering applications. Biofabrication 2014; 6:024104. [PMID: 24695323 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers such as alginate have become important materials for a variety of biotechnology applications including drug delivery, cell encapsulation and tissue engineering. This expanding use has spurred the development of new approaches to engineer these materials at the nano- and microscales to better control cell interactions. Here we describe a method to fabricate freestanding alginate-based microfibers and microstructures with tunable geometries down to approximately 3 µm. To do this, a polydimethylsiloxane stamp is used to micromold alginate or alginate-fibrin blends onto a sacrificial layer of thermally-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm). A warm calcium chloride solution is then used to crosslink the alginate and, upon cooling below the lower critical solution temperature (~32 °C), the PIPAAm layer dissolves and releases the alginate or alginate-fibrin as freestanding microfibers and microstructures. Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that C2C12 myoblasts seeded onto the alginate-fibrin microfibers polarize along the fiber length forming interconnected cell strands. Thus, we have developed the ability to engineer alginate-based microstructured materials that can selectively bind cells and direct cellular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Szymanski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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55
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Laranjeira MS, Carvalho Â, Pelaez-Vargas A, Hansford D, Ferraz MP, Coimbra S, Costa E, Santos-Silva A, Fernandes MH, Monteiro FJ. Modulation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cell and human gingival fibroblast behavior by micropatterned silica coating surfaces for zirconia dental implant applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2014; 15:025001. [PMID: 27877662 PMCID: PMC5090413 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/2/025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental ceramic implants have shown superior esthetic behavior and the absence of induced allergic disorders when compared to titanium implants. Zirconia may become a potential candidate to be used as an alternative to titanium dental implants if surface modifications are introduced. In this work, bioactive micropatterned silica coatings were produced on zirconia substrates, using a combined methodology of sol-gel processing and soft lithography. The aim of the work was to compare the in vitro behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) on three types of silica-coated zirconia surfaces: flat and micropatterned (with pillars and with parallel grooves). Our results showed that cells had a higher metabolic activity (HGF, HDMEC) and increased gene expression levels of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) and collagen type I (COL I) on surfaces with pillars. Nevertheless, parallel grooved surfaces were able to guide cell growth. Even capillary tube-like networks of HDMEC were oriented according to the surface geometry. Zirconia and silica with different topographies have shown to be blood compatible and silica coating reduced bacteria adhesion. All together, the results indicated that microstructured bioactive coating seems to be an efficient strategy to improve soft tissue integration on zirconia implants, protecting implants from peri-implant inflammation and improving long-term implant stabilization. This new approach of micropatterned silica coating on zirconia substrates can generate promising novel dental implants, with surfaces that provide physical cues to guide cells and enhance their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Laranjeira
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, DEMM, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carvalho
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, DEMM, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Derek Hansford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Pia Ferraz
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory CEBIMED—Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CESPU—Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - Elísio Costa
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas-Serviço de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas-Serviço de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, DEMM, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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56
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Bae WG, Kim HN, Kim D, Park SH, Jeong HE, Suh KY. 25th anniversary article: scalable multiscale patterned structures inspired by nature: the role of hierarchy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:675-700. [PMID: 24353032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale, hierarchically patterned surfaces, such as lotus leaves, butterfly wings, adhesion pads of gecko lizards are abundantly found in nature, where microstructures are usually used to strengthen the mechanical stability while nanostructures offer the main functionality, i.e., wettability, structural color, or dry adhesion. To emulate such hierarchical structures in nature, multiscale, multilevel patterning has been extensively utilized for the last few decades towards various applications ranging from wetting control, structural colors, to tissue scaffolds. In this review, we highlight recent advances in scalable multiscale patterning to bring about improved functions that can even surpass those found in nature, with particular focus on the analogy between natural and synthetic architectures in terms of the role of different length scales. This review is organized into four sections. First, the role and importance of multiscale, hierarchical structures is described with four representative examples. Second, recent achievements in multiscale patterning are introduced with their strengths and weaknesses. Third, four application areas of wetting control, dry adhesives, selectively filtrating membranes, and multiscale tissue scaffolds are overviewed by stressing out how and why multiscale structures need to be incorporated to carry out their performances. Finally, we present future directions and challenges for scalable, multiscale patterned surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gyu Bae
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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57
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Paz AC, Soleas J, Poon JC, Trieu D, Waddell TK, McGuigan AP. Challenges and Opportunities for Tissue-Engineering Polarized Epithelium. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:56-72. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Paz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Soleas
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James C.H. Poon
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis Trieu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas K. Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison P. McGuigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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58
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Leszczak V, Popat KC. Direct co-culture of endothelial and smooth muscle cells on poly(ε-caprolactone) nanowire surfaces. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated co-cultures of ECs and SMCs on nanostructured poly(ε-caprolactone) surfaces. The results presented here indicate that nanostructured surfaces may be good interfaces for use in cardiovascular applications and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Leszczak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins, USA
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Colorado State University
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59
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Rashidi H, Yang J, Shakesheff KM. Surface engineering of synthetic polymer materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1318-1331. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
When using polymer materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications the initial, and often lasting, interaction between cells and the material areviasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rashidi
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells
- Tissue Engineering and Modelling
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
| | - Jing Yang
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells
- Tissue Engineering and Modelling
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
| | - Kevin M. Shakesheff
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells
- Tissue Engineering and Modelling
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
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60
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Georgiadis V, Knight RA, Jayasinghe SN, Stephanou A. Cardiac tissue engineering: renewing the arsenal for the battle against heart disease. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:111-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapies that lead to the regeneration or functional repair of compromised cardiac tissue is the most important challenge facing translational cardiovascular research today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Knight
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit
- University College London
- London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Suwan N. Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group
- UCL Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- UCL Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE, UK
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61
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Kim J, Kim HN, Lim KT, Kim Y, Seonwoo H, Park SH, Lim HJ, Kim DH, Suh KY, Choung PH, Choung YH, Chung JH. Designing nanotopographical density of extracellular matrix for controlled morphology and function of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3552. [PMID: 24352057 PMCID: PMC6506445 DOI: 10.1038/srep03552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by ultrastructural analysis of ex vivo human tissues as well as the physiological importance of structural density, we fabricated nanogrooves with 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 spacing ratio (width:spacing, width = 550 nm). In response to the nanotopographical density, the adhesion, migration, and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sensitively controlled, but the proliferation showed no significant difference. In particular, the osteo- or neurogenesis of hMSCs were enhanced at the 1:3 spacing ratio rather than 1:1 or 1:5 spacing ratio, implying an existence of potentially optimized nanotopographical density for stem cell function. Furthermore, such cellular behaviors were positively correlated with several cell morphological indexes as well as the expression of integrin β1 or N-cadherin. Our findings propose that nanotopographical density may be a key parameter for the design and manipulation of functional scaffolds for stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Kim
- 1] Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea [2]
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- 1] Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea [2]
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- 1] Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea [2]
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Tooth Bioengineering National Research Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- 1] Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea [2] Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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62
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Barreto-Ortiz SF, Zhang S, Davenport M, Fradkin J, Ginn B, Mao HQ, Gerecht S. A novel in vitro model for microvasculature reveals regulation of circumferential ECM organization by curvature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81061. [PMID: 24278378 PMCID: PMC3836741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In microvascular vessels, endothelial cells are aligned longitudinally whereas several components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are organized circumferentially. While current three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models for microvasculature have allowed the study of ECM-regulated tubulogenesis, they have limited control over topographical cues presented by the ECM and impart a barrier for the high-resolution and dynamic study of multicellular and extracellular organization. Here we exploit a 3D fibrin microfiber scaffold to develop a novel in vitro model of the microvasculature that recapitulates endothelial alignment and ECM deposition in a setting that also allows the sequential co-culture of mural cells. We show that the microfibers' nanotopography induces longitudinal adhesion and alignment of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), and that these deposit circumferentially organized ECM. We found that ECM wrapping on the microfibers is independent of ECFCs' actin and microtubule organization, but it is dependent on the curvature of the microfiber. Microfibers with smaller diameters (100–400 µm) guided circumferential ECM deposition, whereas microfibers with larger diameters (450 µm) failed to support wrapping ECM. Finally, we demonstrate that vascular smooth muscle cells attached on ECFC-seeded microfibers, depositing collagen I and elastin. Collectively, we establish a novel in vitro model for the sequential control and study of microvasculature development and reveal the unprecedented role of the endothelium in organized ECM deposition regulated by the microfiber curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F. Barreto-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Davenport
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jamie Fradkin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Ginn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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63
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Yao X, Peng R, Ding J. Cell-material interactions revealed via material techniques of surface patterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5257-5286. [PMID: 24038153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-material interactions constitute a key fundamental topic in biomaterials study. Various cell cues and matrix cues as well as soluble factors regulate cell behaviors on materials. These factors are coupled with each other as usual, and thus it is very difficult to unambiguously elucidate the role of each regulator. The recently developed material techniques of surface patterning afford unique ways to reveal the underlying science. This paper reviews the pertinent material techniques to fabricate patterns of microscale and nanoscale resolutions, and corresponding cell studies. Some issues are emphasized, such as cell localization on patterned surfaces of chemical contrast, and effects of cell shape, cell size, cell-cell contact, and seeding density on differentiation of stem cells. Material cues to regulate cell adhesion, cell differentiation and other cell events are further summed up. Effects of some physical properties, such as surface topography and matrix stiffness, on cell behaviors are also discussed; nanoscaled features of substrate surfaces to regulate cell fate are summarized as well. The pertinent work sheds new insight into the cell-material interactions, and is stimulating for biomaterial design in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and high-throughput detection, diagnosis, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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64
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Selective modulation of cell response on engineered fractal silicon substrates. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1461. [PMID: 23492898 PMCID: PMC3598004 DOI: 10.1038/srep01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of work has been dedicated to the analysis of cell behavior on substrates with ordered topographical features. However, the natural cell microenvironment is characterized by biomechanical cues organized over multiple scales. Here, randomly rough, self-affinefractal surfaces are generated out of silicon,where roughness Ra and fractal dimension Df are independently controlled. The proliferation rates, the formation of adhesion structures, and the morphology of 3T3 murine fibroblasts are monitored over six different substrates. The proliferation rate is maximized on surfaces with moderate roughness (Ra ~ 40 nm) and large fractal dimension (Df ~ 2.4); whereas adhesion structures are wider and more stable on substrates with higher roughness (Ra ~ 50 nm) and lower fractal dimension (Df ~ 2.2). Higher proliferation occurson substrates exhibiting densely packed and sharp peaks, whereas more regular ridges favor adhesion. These results suggest that randomly roughtopographies can selectively modulate cell behavior.
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65
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Frohlich EM, Alonso JL, Borenstein JT, Zhang X, Arnaout MA, Charest JL. Topographically-patterned porous membranes in a microfluidic device as an in vitro model of renal reabsorptive barriers. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2311-9. [PMID: 23636129 PMCID: PMC4578304 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Models of reabsorptive barriers require both a means to provide realistic physiologic cues to and quantify transport across a layer of cells forming the barrier. Here we have topographically-patterned porous membranes with several user-defined pattern types. To demonstrate the utility of the patterned membranes, we selected one type of pattern and applied it to a membrane to serve as a cell culture support in a microfluidic model of a renal reabsorptive barrier. The topographic cues in the model resemble physiological cues found in vivo while the porous structure allows quantification of transport across the cell layer. Sub-micron surface topography generated via hot-embossing onto a track-etched polycarbonate membrane, fully replicated topographical features and preserved porous architecture. Pore size and shape were analyzed with SEM and image analysis to determine the effect of hot embossing on pore morphology. The membrane was assembled into a bilayer microfluidic device and a human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2) and primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) were cultured to confluency on the membrane. Immunofluorescent staining of both cell types revealed protein expression indicative of the formation of a reabsorptive barrier responsive to mechanical stimulation: ZO-1 (tight junction), paxillin (focal adhesions) and acetylated α-tubulin (primary cilia). HK-2 and RPTEC aligned in the direction of ridge/groove topography of the membrane in the device, evidence that the device has mechanical control over cell response. This topographically-patterned porous membrane provides an in vitro platform on which to model reabsorptive barriers with meaningful applications for understanding biological transport phenomenon, underlying disease mechanisms, and drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else M. Frohlich
- Boston University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Group, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Nephrology, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Borenstein
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Group, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Boston University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M. Amin Arnaout
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Nephrology, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph L. Charest
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Group, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Anene-Nzelu CG, Choudhury D, Li H, Fraiszudeen A, Peh KY, Toh YC, Ng SH, Leo HL, Yu H. Scalable cell alignment on optical media substrates. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5078-87. [PMID: 23601659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell alignment by underlying topographical cues has been shown to affect important biological processes such as differentiation and functional maturation in vitro. However, the routine use of cell culture substrates with micro- or nano-topographies, such as grooves, is currently hampered by the high cost and specialized facilities required to produce these substrates. Here we present cost-effective commercially available optical media as substrates for aligning cells in culture. These optical media, including CD-R, DVD-R and optical grating, allow different cell types to attach and grow well on them. The physical dimension of the grooves in these optical media allowed cells to be aligned in confluent cell culture with maximal cell-cell interaction and these cell alignment affect the morphology and differentiation of cardiac (H9C2), skeletal muscle (C2C12) and neuronal (PC12) cell lines. The optical media is amenable to various chemical modifications with fibronectin, laminin and gelatin for culturing different cell types. These low-cost commercially available optical media can serve as scalable substrates for research or drug safety screening applications in industry scales.
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Kim HN, Jiao A, Hwang NS, Kim MS, Kang DH, Kim DH, Suh KY. Nanotopography-guided tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:536-58. [PMID: 22921841 PMCID: PMC5444877 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are intricate ensembles of multiple cell types embedded in complex and well-defined structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The organization of ECM is frequently hierarchical from nano to macro, with many proteins forming large scale structures with feature sizes up to several hundred microns. Inspired from these natural designs of ECM, nanotopography-guided approaches have been increasingly investigated for the last several decades. Results demonstrate that the nanotopography itself can activate tissue-specific function in vitro as well as promote tissue regeneration in vivo upon transplantation. In this review, we provide an extensive analysis of recent efforts to mimic functional nanostructures in vitro for improved tissue engineering and regeneration of injured and damaged tissues. We first characterize the role of various nanostructures in human tissues with respect to each tissue-specific function. Then, we describe various fabrication methods in terms of patterning principles and material characteristics. Finally, we summarize the applications of nanotopography to various tissues, which are classified into four types depending on their functions: protective, mechano-sensitive, electro-active, and shear stress-sensitive tissues. Some limitations and future challenges are briefly discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nam Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Chemical Processing, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kang
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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68
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Anisotropic rigidity sensing on grating topography directs human mesenchymal stem cell elongation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2013; 13:27-39. [PMID: 23529613 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-013-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Through mechanotransduction, cells can sense physical cues from the extracellular environment and convert them into internal signals that affect various cellular functions. For example, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on topographical gratings have been shown to elongate and differentiate to different extents depending on grating width. Using a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling, the physical parameters of substrate topography that direct cell elongation were determined. On a variety of topographical gratings with different grating widths, heights and rigidity, elongation of hMSCs was measured and a monotonic increase was observed for grating aspect ratio (crosssectional height to line-width ratio) between 0.035 and 2. The elongation was also dependent on the grating substrate rigidity over a range of 0.18-1.43 MPa. A mathematical model was developed to explain our observations by relating cell elongation to the anisotropic deformation of the gratings and how this anisotropy depends on the aspect ratio and rigidity of the gratings. Our model was in good agreement with the experimental data for the range of grating aspect ratio and substrate rigidity studied. In addition, we also showed that the percentage of aligned cells, which had a strong linear correlation with elongation for slightly elongated cells, saturated toward 100 % at higher level of cell elongation. Our results may be useful in designing gratings to elicit specific cellular responses that may depend on the extent of cell elongation.
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Klymov A, Prodanov L, Lamers E, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Understanding the role of nano-topography on the surface of a bone-implant. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:135-151. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hielscher A, Qiu C, Porterfield J, Smith Q, Gerecht S. Hypoxia Affects the Structure of Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Matrix to Support Angiogenic Responses of Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 13:005. [PMID: 24600535 PMCID: PMC3940068 DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.s13-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor environment and participant in tumor progression, is known to alter gene and protein expression of several Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, many of which have roles in angiogenesis. Previously, we reported that ECM deposited from co-cultures of Neonatal Fibroblasts (NuFF) with breast cancer cells, supported 3-dimensional vascular morphogenesis. Here, we sought to characterize the hypoxic ECM and to identify whether the deposited ECM induce angiogenic responses in Endothelial Cells (ECs). NuFF and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were co-cultured, subjected to alternating cycles of 24 hours of 1% (hypoxia) and 21% (atmospheric) oxygen and de-cellularized for analyses of deposited ECM. We report differences in mRNA expression profiles of matrix proteins and crosslinking enzymes relevant to angiogenesis in hypoxia-exposed co-cultures. Interestingly, overt differences in the expression of ECM proteins were not detected in the de-cellularized ECM; however, up-regulation of the cell-binding fragment of fibronecin was observed in the conditioned media of hypoxic co-cultures. Ultrastructure analyses of the de-cellularized ECM revealed differences in fiber morphology with hypoxic fibers more compact and aligned, occupying a greater percent area and having larger diameter fibers than atmospheric ECM. Examining the effect of hypoxic ECM on angiogenic responses of ECs, morphological differences in Capillary-Like Structures (CLS) formed atop de-cellularized hypoxic and atmospheric ECM were not evident. Interestingly, we found that hypoxic ECM regulated the expression of angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases in CLS. Overall, we report that in vitro, hypoxia does not alter the composition of the ECM deposited by co-cultures of NuFF/MDA-MB-231, but rather alters fiber morphology, and induces vascular expression of angiogenic growth factors and metalloproteinases. Taken together, these results have important implications for understanding how the hypoxic matrix may regulate angiogenesis in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hielscher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Connie Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Josh Porterfield
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Chung E, Ricles LM, Stowers RS, Nam SY, Emelianov SY, Suggs LJ. Multifunctional nanoscale strategies for enhancing and monitoring blood vessel regeneration. NANO TODAY 2012; 7:514-531. [PMID: 28989343 PMCID: PMC5630157 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has great potential in biomedical applications, and specifically in regenerative medicine and vascular tissue engineering. Designing nanometer-sized therapeutic and diagnostic devices for tissue engineering applications is critical because cells experience and respond to stimuli on this spatial scale. For example, nanoscaffolds, including nanoscalestructured or nanoscale surface-modified vascular scaffolds, can influence cell alignment, adhesion, and differentiation to promote better endothelization. Furthermore, nanoscale contrast agents can be extended to the field of biomedical imaging to monitor and track stem cells to better understand the process of neovascularization. In addition, nanoscale systems capable of delivering biomolecules (e.g. peptides and angiogenic genes/proteins) can influence cell behavior, function, and phenotype to promote blood vessel regeneration. This review will focus on nanomedicine and nanoscale strategies applied to vascular tissue engineering. In particular, some of the latest research and potential applications pertaining to nanoscaffolds, biomedical imaging and cell tracking using nanoscale contrast agents, and nanodelivery systems of bioactive molecules applied to blood vessel regeneration will be discussed. In addition, the overlap between these three areas and their synergistic effects will be examined as related to vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunna Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Laura M. Ricles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Ryan S. Stowers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Laura J. Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
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Hielscher AC, Gerecht S. Engineering approaches for investigating tumor angiogenesis: exploiting the role of the extracellular matrix. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6089-96. [PMID: 23172313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major paradigm shift in cancer research is the emergence of multidisciplinary approaches to investigate complex cell behaviors, to elucidate regulatory mechanisms and to identify therapeutic targets. Recently, efforts are focused on the engineering of complex in vitro models, which more accurately recapitulate the growth and progression of cancer. These strategies have proven vital for investigating and targeting the events that control tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we explore how the emerging engineering approaches are being used to unlock the complex mechanisms regulating tumor angiogenesis. Emphasis is placed on models using natural and synthetic biomaterials to generate scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix, which is known to play a critical role in angiogenesis. While the models presented in this review are revolutionary, improvements are still necessary and concepts for advancing and perfecting engineering approaches for modeling tumor angiogenesis are proposed. Overall, the marriage between disparate scientific fields is expected to yield significant improvements in our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Hielscher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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73
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Yang Y, Kulangara K, Lam RTS, Dharmawan R, Leong KW. Effects of topographical and mechanical property alterations induced by oxygen plasma modification on stem cell behavior. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8591-8598. [PMID: 22970773 DOI: 10.1021/nn301713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric substrates intended for cell culture and tissue engineering are often surface-modified to facilitate cell attachment of most anchorage-dependent cell types. The modification alters the surface chemistry and possibly topography. However, scant attention has been paid to other surface property alterations. In studying oxygen plasma treatment of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), we show that oxygen plasma treatment alters the surface chemistry and, consequently, the topography and elasticity of PDMS at the nanoscale level. The elasticity factor has the predominant effect, compared with the chemical and topographical factors, on cell adhesions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The enhanced focal adhesions favor cell spreading and osteogenesis of hMSCs. Given the prevalent use of PDMS in biomedical device construction and cell culture experiments, this study highlights the importance of understanding how oxygen plasma treatment would impact subsequent cell-substrate interactions. It helps explain inconsistency in the literature and guides preparation of PDMS-based biomedical devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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74
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Ge S, Zhao N, Wang L, Yu M, Liu H, Song A, Huang J, Wang G, Yang P. Bone repair by periodontal ligament stem cellseeded nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5405-14. [PMID: 23091383 PMCID: PMC3474464 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A nanohydroxyapatite-coated chitosan scaffold has been developed in recent years, but the effect of this composite scaffold on the viability and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone repair is still unknown. This study explored the behavior of PDLSCs on a new nanohydroxyapatite-coated genipin-chitosan conjunction scaffold (HGCCS) in vitro as compared with an uncoated genipin-chitosan framework, and evaluated the effect of PDLSC-seeded HGCCS on bone repair in vivo. Methods Human PDLSCs were cultured and identified, seeded on a HGCCS and on a genipin-chitosan framework, and assessed by scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, MTT, alkaline phosphatase activity, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at different time intervals. Moreover, PDLSC-seeded scaffolds were used in a rat calvarial defect model, and new bone formation was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining at 12 weeks postoperatively. Results PDLSCs were clonogenic and positive for STRO-1. They had the capacity to undergo osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro. When seeded on HGCCS, PDLSCs exhibited significantly greater viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and upregulated the bone-related markers, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin to a greater extent compared with PDLSCs seeded on the genipin-chitosan framework. The use of PDLSC-seeded HGCCS promoted calvarial bone repair. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of HGCCS combined with PDLSCs as a promising tool for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Shandong Province, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Jinan, China
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75
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Park KS, Cha KJ, Han IB, Shin DA, Cho DW, Lee SH, Kim DS. Mass-producible nano-featured polystyrene surfaces for regulating the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1480-9. [PMID: 23042782 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report an efficient and cost-effective method of fabricating polystyrene (PS) nano-featured substrates containing nanopore (NPo) and nanopillar (NPi) arrays based on hot embossing using nickel nano-stamps. We investigate the behavior of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), including adhesion, morphology, proliferation and differentiation, on the replicated PS surfaces. Compared to a flat substrate, NPo- and NPi-featured substrates do not alter the morphology of stem cells. However, both NPo- and NPi-featured substrates induce different integrin expression and lower formation of focal adhesion complexes. In addition, ASCs on the NPo-featured substrate exhibit greater adipogenic differentiation, while the NPi-featured substrate induces higher osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 502 Yatop-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-840, Korea
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76
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Kim DH, Kshitiz, Smith RR, Kim P, Ahn EH, Kim HN, Marbán E, Suh KY, Levchenko A. Nanopatterned cardiac cell patches promote stem cell niche formation and myocardial regeneration. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1019-33. [PMID: 22890784 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20067h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based methods for myocardial regeneration suffer from considerable cell attrition. Artificial matrices reproducing mechanical and structural properties of the native tissue may facilitate survival, retention and functional integration of adult stem or progenitor cells, by conditioning the cells prior to, and during, transplantation. Here we combined autologous cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) with nanotopographically defined hydrogels mimicking the native myocardial matrix, to form in vitro cardiac stem cell niches, and control cell function and fate. These platforms were used to produce cardiac patches that could be transplanted at the site of infarct. In culture, highly anisotropic, but not more randomized nanotopographic, control augmented cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. It also dramatically enhanced early, and, in the presence of mature cardiomyocytes, late cardiomyogenesis. Nanotopography sensing and transcriptional response was mediated via p190RhoGAP. In a rat infarction model, engraftment of nanofabricated scaffolds with CDCs enhanced retention and growth of transplanted cells, and their integration with the host tissue. The infarcted ventricle wall increased in thickness, with higher cell viability and better collagen organization. These results suggest that nanostructured polymeric materials that closely mimic the extracellular matrix structure on which cardiac cells reside in vivo can be both very effective tools in investigating the mechanisms of cardiac differentiation and the basis for cardiac tissue engineering, thus facilitating stem cell-based therapy in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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77
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Ciofani G, Ricotti L, Canale C, D'Alessandro D, Berrettini S, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V. Effects of barium titanate nanoparticles on proliferation and differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 102:312-20. [PMID: 23006571 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials hold great promise in the manipulation and treatments of mesenchymal stem cells, since they allow the modulation of their properties and differentiation. However, systematic studies have to be carried out in order to assess their potential toxicological effects. The present study reports on biocompatibility evaluation of glycol-chitosan coated barium titanate nanoparticles (BTNPs) on rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). BTNPs are a class of ceramic systems which possess interesting features for biological applications thanks to their peculiar dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Viability was evaluated up to 5 days of incubation (concentrations in the range 0-100 μg/ml) both quantitatively and qualitatively with specific assays. Interactions cells/nanoparticles were further investigated with analysis of the cytoskeleton conformation, with SEM and TEM imaging, and with AFM analysis. Finally, differentiation in adipocytes and osteocytes was achieved in the presence of high doses of BTNPs, thus highlighting the safety of these nanostructures towards mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (Pisa), Italy.
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78
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Nazneen F, Herzog G, Arrigan DW, Caplice N, Benvenuto P, Galvin P, Thompson M. Surface chemical and physical modification in stent technology for the treatment of coronary artery disease. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1989-2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ventre M, Causa F, Netti PA. Determinants of cell-material crosstalk at the interface: towards engineering of cell instructive materials. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:2017-32. [PMID: 22753785 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel biomaterials able to control cell activities and direct their fate is warranted for engineering functional biological tissues, advanced cell culture systems, single-cell diagnosis as well as for cell sorting and differentiation. It is well established that crosstalk at the cell-material interface occurs and this has a profound influence on cell behaviour. However, the complete deciphering of the cell-material communication code is still far away. A variety of material surface properties have been reported to affect the strength and the nature of the cell-material interactions, including biological cues, topography and mechanical properties. Novel experimental evidence bears out the hypothesis that these three different signals participate in the same material-cytoskeleton crosstalk pathway via adhesion plaque formation dynamics. In this review, we present the relevant findings on material-induced cell response along with the description of cell behaviour when exposed to arrays of signals-biochemical, topographical and mechanical. Finally, with the aid of literature data, we attempt to draw unifying elements of the material-cytoskeleton-cell fate chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ventre
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia and Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Łopacińska JM, Grădinaru C, Wierzbicki R, Købler C, Schmidt MS, Madsen MT, Skolimowski M, Dufva M, Flyvbjerg H, Mølhave K. Cell motility, morphology, viability and proliferation in response to nanotopography on silicon black. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3739-3745. [PMID: 22614757 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of cells' interactions with nanostructured materials is fundamental for bio-nanotechnology. We present results for how individual mouse fibroblasts from cell line NIH3T3 respond to highly spiked surfaces of silicon black that were fabricated by maskless reactive ion etching (RIE). We did standard measurements of cell viability, proliferation, and morphology on various surfaces. We also analyzed the motility of cells on the same surfaces, as recorded in time lapse movies of sparsely populated cell cultures. We find that motility and morphology vary strongly with nano-patterns, while viability and proliferation show little dependence on substrate type. We conclude that motility analysis can show a wide range of cell responses e.g. over a factor of two in cell speed to different nano-topographies, where standard assays, such as viability or proliferation, in the tested cases show much less variation of the order 10-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Łopacińska
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345a, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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81
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Kim DH, Provenzano PP, Smith CL, Levchenko A. Matrix nanotopography as a regulator of cell function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:351-60. [PMID: 22547406 PMCID: PMC3341161 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201108062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) directs cell behavior by providing spatial and mechanical cues to which cells respond. In addition to soluble chemical factors, physical interactions between the cell and ECM regulate primary cell processes, including differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Advances in microtechnology and, more recently, nanotechnology provide a powerful means to study the influence of the ECM on cell behavior. By recapitulating local architectures that cells encounter in vivo, we can elucidate and dissect the fundamental signal transduction pathways that control cell behavior in critical developmental, physiological, and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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82
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Shi Z, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Poh CK, Wang W. Enhanced endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by substrate nanotopography. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:50-8. [PMID: 22628362 DOI: 10.1002/term.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have great potential as a cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because they are easier to obtain, have lower donor-site morbidity and are available in larger numbers than stem cells harvested using bone marrow aspiration. Until now, little has been known about how nanotopography affects the proliferation and endothelial differentiation of ADSCs. In the present study, two nanograting substrates with a period (ridge and groove) of about 250 and 500 nm, respectively, were fabricated on quartz and their effect on ADSC fate was investigated. The results showed that proliferation of ADSCs on nanograting substrates decreased while cell attachment was not significantly affected compared to a flat substrate. Endothelial differentiation of ADSCs on both flat and nanograting substrates can be induced with vascular endothelial growth factor, as shown by immunofluorescent staining. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed significantly enhanced upregulation of vWF, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin at the gene level by ADSCs on the nanograting substrates. In vitro angiogenesis assay on Matrigel showed that nanograting substrates enhanced capillary tube formation. This study highlights the beneficial influence of nanotopography on the differentiation of ADSC into endothelial cells which play an important role in vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore
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83
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Muskovich M, Bettinger CJ. Biomaterials-based electronics: polymers and interfaces for biology and medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:248-66. [PMID: 23184740 PMCID: PMC3642371 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced polymeric biomaterials continue to serve as a cornerstone for new medical technologies and therapies. The vast majority of these materials, both natural and synthetic, interact with biological matter in the absence of direct electronic communication. However, biological systems have evolved to synthesize and utilize naturally-derived materials for the generation and modulation of electrical potentials, voltage gradients, and ion flows. Bioelectric phenomena can be translated into potent signaling cues for intra- and inter-cellular communication. These cues can serve as a gateway to link synthetic devices with biological systems. This progress report will provide an update on advances in the application of electronically active biomaterials for use in organic electronics and bio-interfaces. Specific focus will be granted to covering technologies where natural and synthetic biological materials serve as integral components such as thin film electronics, in vitro cell culture models, and implantable medical devices. Future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Muskovich
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Christopher J. Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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84
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McKee CT, Wood JA, Ly I, Russell P, Murphy CJ. The influence of a biologically relevant substratum topography on human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biophys J 2012; 102:1224-33. [PMID: 22404945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A topographically patterned substrate with stochastic surface order that closely mimics the topographic features of native basement membranes has been fabricated to investigate the influence of topographic biophysical cueing on human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells. The stochastic substrate was fabricated by first generating a highly porous polyelectrolyte multilayer film of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) followed by replicate production of this biomimetic topography via soft lithography. These substrates, which are easy to prepare and replicate, possess a number of prominent features associated with in vivo vascular basement membrane (interwoven ridges and grooves, bumps, and pores), which have typically been studied as singular features that frequently possess anisotropic surface order (e.g., alternating ridges and grooves). When compared to a flat surface of identical chemistry, these biomimetic topographies influenced a number of important cellular behaviors associated with the homeostasis and degradation of vascular tissues. These include modulating cell migration rate and directional persistence, proliferation rate, and gene expression associated with regulation and remodeling of vascular tissues as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T McKee
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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85
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Dickinson LE, Rand DR, Tsao J, Eberle W, Gerecht S. Endothelial cell responses to micropillar substrates of varying dimensions and stiffness. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1457-66. [PMID: 22389314 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the vascular niche, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a structural scaffold with a rich ligand landscape of essential matrix proteins that supports the organization and stabilization of endothelial cells (ECs) into functional blood vessels. Many of the physical interactions between ECs and macromolecular components of the ECM occur at both the micron and submicron scale. In addition, the elasticity of the ECM has been shown to be a critical factor in the progress of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we sought to determine the effect of substrate topography and elasticity (stiffness) on EC behavior. Utilizing a unique SiO(2) substrate with an array of micropillars, we first demonstrate that micropillars with heights >3 μm significantly decrease EC adhesion and spreading. Fibronectin (Fn) patterning of 1 μm high micropillars enabled EC adhesion onto the micropillars and promoted alignment in a single-cell chain manner. We then developed a robust method to generate a soft micropillar substrate array made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), similar to the SiO(2) substrate. Finally, we examined the kinetics of EC adhesion and spreading on the soft PDMS substrates compared to the stiff SiO(2) substrates. Culturing cells on the PDMS substrates demonstrated an enhanced EC elongation and alignment when compared to stiff SiO(2) with similar topographical features. We conclude that the elongation and alignment of ECs is coregulated by substrate topography and stiffness and can be harnessed to guide vascular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dickinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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86
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Rathore A, Cleary M, Naito Y, Rocco K, Breuer C. Development of tissue engineered vascular grafts and application of nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:257-72. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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87
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Fioretta ES, Fledderus JO, Burakowska-Meise EA, Baaijens FPT, Verhaar MC, Bouten CVC. Polymer-based Scaffold Designs For In Situ Vascular Tissue Engineering: Controlling Recruitment and Differentiation Behavior of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:577-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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88
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Palamà IE, Coluccia AML, Gigli G, Riehle M. Modulation of alignment and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts by biomimetic materials. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1299-309. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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89
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Abaci HE, Devendra R, Smith Q, Gerecht S, Drazer G. Design and development of microbioreactors for long-term cell culture in controlled oxygen microenvironments. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 14:145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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90
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Nazneen F, Galvin P, Arrigan DWM, Thompson M, Benvenuto P, Herzog G. Electropolishing of medical-grade stainless steel in preparation for surface nano-texturing. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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91
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Le DM, Kulangara K, Adler AF, Leong KW, Ashby VS. Dynamic topographical control of mesenchymal stem cells by culture on responsive poly(ε-caprolactone) surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3278-83. [PMID: 21626577 PMCID: PMC3972817 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duy M. Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Karina Kulangara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 (USA)
| | - Andrew F. Adler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 (USA)
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 (USA)
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92
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Tay CY, Irvine SA, Boey FYC, Tan LP, Venkatraman S. Micro-/nano-engineered cellular responses for soft tissue engineering and biomedical applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1361-1378. [PMID: 21538867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of biomedical devices and reconstruction of functional ex vivo tissues often requires the need to fabricate biomimetic surfaces with features of sub-micrometer precision. This can be achieved with the advancements in micro-/nano-engineering techniques, allowing researchers to manipulate a plethora of cellular behaviors at the cell-biomaterial interface. Systematic studies conducted on these 2D engineered surfaces have unraveled numerous novel findings that can potentially be integrated as part of the design consideration for future 2D and 3D biomaterials and will no doubt greatly benefit tissue engineering. In this review, recent developments detailing the use of micro-/nano-engineering techniques to direct cellular orientation and function pertinent to soft tissue engineering will be highlighted. Particularly, this article aims to provide valuable insights into distinctive cell interactions and reactions to controlled surfaces, which can be exploited to understand the mechanisms of cell growth on micro-/nano-engineered interfaces, and to harness this knowledge to optimize the performance of 3D artificial soft tissue grafts and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore
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93
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Yang Y, Kulangara K, Sia J, Wang L, Leong KW. Engineering of a microfluidic cell culture platform embedded with nanoscale features. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1638-46. [PMID: 21442110 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells residing in a microenvironment interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells. The ECM built from biomacromolecules often includes nanotopography. Through the ECM, interstitial flows facilitate transport of nutrients and play an important role in tissue maintenance and pathobiology. To create a microenvironment that can incorporate both nanotopography and flow for studies of cell-matrix interactions, we fabricated microfluidic channels endowed with nanopatterns suitable for dynamic culture. Using polymer thin film technology, we developed a versatile stitching technique to generate a large area of nanopatterned surface and a simple microtransfer assembly technique to assemble polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidics. The cellular study showed that both nanotopography and fluid shear stress played a significant role in adhesion, spreading, and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells. The orientation and deformation of cytoskeleton and nuclei were regulated through the interplay of these two cues. The nanostructured microfluidic platform provides a useful tool to promote the fundamental understanding of cell-matrix interactions and may be used to regulate the fate of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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94
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Yee D, Hanjaya-Putra D, Bose V, Luong E, Gerecht S. Hyaluronic Acid hydrogels support cord-like structures from endothelial colony-forming cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1351-61. [PMID: 21247340 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of functional vascular networks has the potential to improve treatment for vascular diseases and to facilitate successful organ transplantation. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have robust proliferative potential and can form vascular networks in vivo. ECFCs are recruited from a bone marrow niche to the site of vascularization, where cues from the extracellular matrix instigate vascular morphogenesis. Although this process has been elucidated using natural matrix, little is known about vascular morphogenesis by ECFCs in synthetic matrix, a xeno-free scaffold that can provide a more controllable and clinically relevant alternative for regenerative medicine. We sought to study hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels as three-dimensional scaffolds for capillary-like structure formation from ECFCs, and to determine the crucial parameters needed to design such synthetic scaffolds. We found that ECFCs express HA-specific receptors and that vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates hyaluronidase expression in ECFCs. Using a well-defined and controllable three-dimensional HA culture system, we were able to decouple the effect of matrix viscoelasticity from changes in adhesion peptide density. We determined that decreasing matrix viscoelasticity, which corresponds to a loose ultrastructure, significantly increases ECFC vascular tube length and area, and that the effect of local delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor within the hydrogel depends on the makeup of the synthetic environment. Collectively, these results set forth initial design criteria that need to be considered in developing vascularized tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Yee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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95
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Wang G, Zheng L, Zhao H, Miao J, Sun C, Ren N, Wang J, Liu H, Tao X. In vitro assessment of the differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on genipin-chitosan conjugation scaffold with surface hydroxyapatite nanostructure for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1341-9. [PMID: 21247339 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that the surface characteristics of biomaterials, such as chemical composition, stiffness, and topography, especially nanotopography, significantly influence cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we examined the effect of surface biomimetic apatite nanostructure of a new hydroxyapatite-coated genipin-chitosan conjugation scaffold (HGCCS) on cell shape, cytoskeleton organization, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell shape and cytoskeleton organization showed significant differences between cells cultured on genipin-cross-linked chitosan framework and those cultured on HGCCS with surface apatite network-like nanostructure after 7 days of incubation in the osteogenic medium. The result of specific alkaline phosphatase activity as an indicator of osteogenic differentiation showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was higher on HGCCS. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, HGCCS induced highest mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation makers, runt-related transcription factor 2 by 7 days, osteopontin by 7 days, and osteocalcin by 14 days, respectively. The enhanced ability of cells on HGCCS to produce mineralized extracellular matrix and nodules was also assessed on day 14 with Alizarin red staining. The results of this study suggest that the surface biomimetic apatite nanostructure of HGCCS is a critical signal cue to promoting osteogenic differentiation in vitro. These findings open a new research avenue to controlling stem cell lineage commitment and provide a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guancong Wang
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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96
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Hanjaya-Putra D, Yee J, Ceci D, Truitt R, Yee D, Gerecht S. Vascular endothelial growth factor and substrate mechanics regulate in vitro tubulogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2436-47. [PMID: 19968735 PMCID: PMC3823161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the circulatory system have been suggested to maintain vascular homeostasis and contribute to adult vascular regeneration and repair. These processes require that EPCs break down the extracellular matrix (ECM), migrate, differentiate and undergo tube morphogenesis. Evidently, the ECM plays a critical role by providing biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate cellular behaviour. Using a chemically and mechanically tunable hydrogel to study tube morphogenesis in vitro, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and substrate mechanics co-regulate tubulogenesis of EPCs. High levels of VEGF are required to initiate tube morphogenesis and activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which enable EPC migration. Under these conditions, the elasticity of the substrate affects the progression of tube morphogenesis. With decreases in substrate stiffness, we observe decreased MMP expression while increased cellular elongation, with intracellular vacuole extension and coalescence to open lumen compartments. RNAi studies demonstrate that membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) is required to enable the movement of EPCs on the matrix and that EPCs sense matrix stiffness through signalling cascades leading to the activation of the RhoGTPase Cdc42. Collectively, these results suggest that coupled responses for VEGF stimulation and modulation of substrate stiffness are required to regulate tube morphogenesis of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Science Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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97
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Hung HS, Chen HC, Tsai CH, Lin SZ. Novel Approach by Nanobiomaterials in Vascular Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:63-70. [PMID: 20887685 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x532864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and biomaterials are important for engineered tissue substitute. The modification of biomaterial surfaces are designed to modulate EC adhesion and responses in order to improve implantation success rate. Specifically, it has now been well established that increased vascular tissue regeneration can be achieved on almost any surface by employing novel nanofabricated surface features. To enhance EC adhesion and growth, material surfaces have been modified with physicochemical and mechanical properties, such as bioactive molecules from the matrix, peptides, and/or growth factors to control EC behavior. The advances in nanotechnology can bring additional functionality to vascular tissue engineering, optimize internal vascular graft surface, help to direct the differentiation of stem cells into the vascular cell phenotype, and, most importantly, also provide a biomaterials-based cellularization process. Nanomaterials could promote in situ endothelialization by mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow, by encouraging cell-specific adhesion to the vascular graft, and, once attached, by controlling the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. Interaction between different cell types and extracellular matrix continue to be a principal source of inspiration for material biological function and, therefore, the understanding of the molecular mechanism trigger by the interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
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98
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Bettinger CJ. Biodegradable elastomers for tissue engineering and cell-biomaterial interactions. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:467-82. [PMID: 21229578 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biomaterials serve as a cornerstone in the development of clinically focused regenerative medicine therapies that aim to reduce suffering and prolong life. Recent improvements in biodegradable elastomeric materials utilize natural extracellular matrix proteins as inspiration to yield a new class of materials with superior degradation kinetics, desirable biocompatibility profiles, and mechanical properties that closely match those of soft tissues. This review describes several classes of synthetic biodegradable elastomers and associated fabrication techniques that are relevant to scaffold development. The application of these materials to select tissue engineering models is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA.
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99
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Kolind K, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Lovmand J, Pedersen FS, Foss M, Besenbacher F. A combinatorial screening of human fibroblast responses on micro-structured surfaces. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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100
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Dickinson LE, Kusuma S, Gerecht S. Reconstructing the differentiation niche of embryonic stem cells using biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:36-49. [PMID: 20967797 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical cues and topographical architecture of the extracellular environment extensively influence ES cell fate. The microenvironment surrounding the developing embryo presents these instructive cues in a complex and interactive manner in order to guide cell fate decisions. Current stem cell research aims to reconstruct this multifaceted embryonic niche to recapitulate development in vitro. This review focuses on 2D and 3D differentiation niches created from natural and synthetic biomaterials to guide the differentiation of ES cells toward specific lineages. Biomaterials engineered to present specific physical constraints are also reviewed for their role in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dickinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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