51
|
Huo J, Xiao Y, Sun T, Zou G, Shen D, Feng B, Lin L, Wang W, Zhao G, Liu L. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation-Mediated MoS 2-Metal Contact Engineering for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors and Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54246-54257. [PMID: 34726368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D materials exhibit intriguing electrical and optical properties, making them promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronic devices. However, the high contact resistance of 2D materials to electrode material often limits the ultimate performance and potential of 2D materials and devices. In this work, we demonstrate a localized femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation process to substantially minimize the resistance of MoS2-metal contacts. A reduction of the contact resistance exceeding three orders of magnitude is achieved for mechanically exfoliated MoS2, which remarkably improves the overall FET performance. The underlying mechanisms of resistance reduction are the removal of organic contamination induced by the transfer process, as well as the lowering of Schottky barrier resistance (RSB) attributed to interface Fermi level pinning (FLP) by Au diffusion, and the lowering of interlayer resistance (Rint) due to interlayer coupling enhancement by Au intercalation under fs laser irradiation. By taking advantage of the improved MoS2-metal contact behavior, a high-performance MoS2 photodetector was developed with a photoresponsivity of 68.8 A W-1 at quite a low Vds of 0.5 V, which is ∼80 times higher than the pristine multilayer photodetector. This contamination-free, site-specific, and universal photonic fabrication technique provides an effective tool for the integration of complex 2D devices, and the mechanism of MoS2-metal interface modification reveals a new pathway to engineer the 2D material-metal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Huo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianming Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Guisheng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daozhi Shen
- Institute for Quantum Computing, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luchan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wengan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanlei Zhao
- State Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Li Z, Bretscher H, Zhang Y, Delport G, Xiao J, Lee A, Stranks SD, Rao A. Mechanistic insight into the chemical treatments of monolayer transition metal disulfides for photoluminescence enhancement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6044. [PMID: 34663820 PMCID: PMC8523741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in obtaining high quality monolayer transition metal disulfides for optoelectronic applications. Surface treatments using a range of chemicals have proven effective to improve the photoluminescence yield of these materials. However, the underlying mechanism for the photoluminescence enhancement is not clear, which prevents a rational design of passivation strategies. Here, a simple and effective approach to significantly enhance the photoluminescence is demonstrated by using a family of cation donors, which we show to be much more effective than commonly used p-dopants. We develop a detailed mechanistic picture for the action of these cation donors and demonstrate that one of them, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), enhances the photoluminescence of both MoS2 and WS2 to a level double that of the currently best performing super-acid trifluoromethanesulfonimide (H-TFSI) treatment. In addition, the ionic salts used in our treatments are compatible with greener solvents and are easier to handle than super-acids, providing the possibility of performing treatments during device fabrication. This work sets up rational selection rules for ionic chemicals to passivate transition metal disulfides and increases their potential in practical optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hope Bretscher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alpha Lee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhang HZ, Wu WJ, Zhou L, Wu Z, Zhu J. Steering on Degrees of Freedom of 2D Van der Waals Heterostructures. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences School of Physics Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences School of Physics Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences School of Physics Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences School of Physics Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang S, Huang JK, Li M, Azam A, Zu X, Qiao L, Yang J, Li S. Growth of High-Quality Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanocrystals by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Their Photoluminescence and Electrocatalytic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47962-47971. [PMID: 34591469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit unique optical and electrocatalytic properties. However, the growth of uniform and high-quality NCs of monolayer TMDC remains a challenge. Until now, most of them are synthesized via a solution-based hydrothermal process or ultrasonic exfoliation method, in which the capping ligands introduced from organic solution often quench the optical and electrocatalytic properties of TMDC NCs. Moreover, it is difficult to homogeneously disperse the solution-based TMDC NCs on a substrate for device fabrication, since the dispersed NCs can easily aggregate. Here, we put forward a novel CVD method to grow closely spaced MoS2 NCs around 5 nm in lateral size. TEM and AFM characterizations demonstrate the monolayer and high-crystalline nature of MoS2 NCs. An obvious blue-shift with 130 meV in photoluminescence signals can be observed. The MoS2 NCs also show an outstanding surface-enhanced Raman scattering for organic molecules due to their localized surface plasmon and abundant edge sites and exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties for the hydrogen-evolution reaction with a very low onset potential of ∼50 mV and Tafel slope of ∼57 mV/decade. Finally, we further demonstrate this kind of CVD method as a versatile platform for the growth of other TMDC NCs, such as WSe2 and MoSe2 NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyue Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ashraful Azam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaotao Zu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Jack Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Calati S, Li Q, Zhu X, Stähler J. Ultrafast evolution of the complex dielectric function of monolayer WS 2 after photoexcitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22640-22646. [PMID: 34596640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides emerged as ideal materials for the investigation of exciton physics. Retrieving the excitonic signature in optical spectra, and tracking their time evolution upon photoexcitation requires appropriate analysis procedures, particularly when comparing different measurements, experimental techniques, samples, and substrates. In this work, we investigate the ultrafast time evolution of the exciton resonance of a monolayer of WS2 deposited on fused silica and Si/SiO2, and using two different measurement techniques: time-resolved reflectance and transmittance contrast. By modelling the dielectric function of the exciton with a Lorentz oscillator, using a Fresnell equations formalism, we derive analytical expressions of the exciton lineshape in both cases. The 2D linearized model introduced by Li et al. [Y. Li and T. F. Heinz, 2D Mater., 2018, 5, 025021] is used for the transmittance of the transparent substrate and a Fresnel transfer matrix method [O. Stenzel, The Physics of Thin Film Optical Spectra, Springer Series in Surface Science, 2016] is used to derive the reflectance in the case of the layered Si/SiO2 substrate. By fitting two models to the time-dependent optical spectra, we extract and quantify the time evolution of the parameter describing the excitonic resonance. We find a remarkable agreement between the extracted dynamics from both experiments despite the different side conditions, showing the equivalence and reliability of the two analysis methods in use. With this work, we pave the way to the resilient comparison of the exciton dynamics from different samples, measurements technique and substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Calati
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Abt. Physikalische Chemie, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Qiuyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Julia Stähler
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Abt. Physikalische Chemie, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Brunet Cabré M, Paiva AE, Velický M, Colavita PE, McKelvey K. Electrochemical kinetics as a function of transition metal dichalcogenide thickness. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
57
|
Zulkefli A, Mukherjee B, Sahara R, Hayakawa R, Iwasaki T, Wakayama Y, Nakaharai S. Enhanced Selectivity in Volatile Organic Compound Gas Sensors Based on ReS 2-FETs under Light-Assisted and Gate-Bias Tunable Operation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43030-43038. [PMID: 34463490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using a single-device two-dimensional (2D) rhenium disulfide (ReS2) field-effect transistor (FET) with enhanced gas species selectivity by light illumination, we reported a selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compound (VOC) gases. 2D materials have the advantage of a high surface-area-to-volume ratio for high sensitivity to molecules attached to the surface and tunable carrier concentration through field-effect control from the back-gate of the channel, while keeping the top surface open to the air for chemical sensing. In addition to these advantages, ReS2 has a direct band gap also in multilayer cases, which sets it apart from other transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). We take advantage of the effective response of ReS2 to light illumination to improve the selectivity and gas-sensing efficiency of a ReS2-FET device. We found that light illumination modulates the drain current response in a ReS2-FET to adsorbed molecules, and the sensing activity differs depending on the gas species used, such as acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Furthermore, wavelength and carrier density rely on certain variations in light-modulated sensing behaviors for each chemical. The device will distinguish the gas concentration in a mixture of VOCs using the differences induced by light illumination, enhancing the selectivity of the sensor device. Our results shed new light on the sensing technologies for realizing a large-scale sensor network in the Internet-of-Things era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zulkefli
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bablu Mukherjee
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ryoji Sahara
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ryoma Hayakawa
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwasaki
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yutaka Wakayama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shu Nakaharai
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Bian R, Li C, Liu Q, Cao G, Fu Q, Meng P, Zhou J, Liu F, Liu Z. Recent progress in the synthesis of novel two-dimensional van der Waals materials. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab164. [PMID: 35591919 PMCID: PMC9113016 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the significant progress of physical fundamental research and great success of practical application in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials since the discovery of graphene in 2004. To date, vdW materials is still a vibrant and fast-expanding field, where tremendous reports have been published covering topics from cutting-edge quantum technology to urgent green energy, and so on. Here, we briefly review the emerging hot physical topics and intriguing materials, such as 2D topological materials, piezoelectric materials, ferroelectric materials, magnetic materials and twistronic heterostructures. Then, various vdW material synthetic strategies are discussed in detail, concerning the growth mechanisms, preparation conditions and typical examples. Finally, prospects and further opportunities in the booming field of 2D materials are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guiming Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qundong Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CNRS-International-NTU-Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Peng Meng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yao Y, Zhan X, Sendeku MG, Yu P, Dajan FT, Zhu C, Li N, Wang J, Wang F, Wang Z, He J. Recent progress on emergent two-dimensional magnets and heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:472001. [PMID: 34315143 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac17fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials own strong long-range magnetism while their characteristics of the ultrathin thickness and smooth surface provide an ideal platform for manipulating the magnetic properties at 2D limit. This makes them to be potential candidates in various spintronic applications compared to their corresponding bulk counterparts. The discovery of magnetic ordering in 2D CrI3and Gr2Ge2Te6nanostructures stimulated tremendous research interest in both experimental and theoretical studies on various intrinsic magnets at 2D limit. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the recent progress on the emergent 2D magnets and heterostructures. Firstly, several kinds of typical 2D magnetic materials discovered in the last few years and their fabrication methods are summarized in detail. Secondly, the current strategies for manipulating magnetic properties in 2D materials are further discussed. Then, the recent advances on the construction of representative van der Waals magnetic heterostructures and their respective performance are provided. With the hope of motivating the researchers in this area, we finally offered the challenges and outlook on 2D magnetism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Marshet Getaye Sendeku
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fekadu Tsegaye Dajan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchao Zhu
- Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tian M, Zhu Y, Jalali M, Jiang W, Liang J, Huang Z, Chen Q, Zeng Z, Zhai Y. Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Materials for Spin-Orbit Torque Applications. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.732916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit torque (SOT) provides an efficient approach to control the magnetic state and dynamics in different classes of materials. Recent years, the crossover between two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials and SOT opens a new prospect to push SOT devices to the 2D limit. In this mini-review, we summarize the latest progress in 2D vdW materials for SOT applications, highlighting the comparison of the performance between devices with various structures. It is prospected that the large family of 2D vdW materials and numerous combinations of heterostructures will widely extend the material choices and bring new opportunities to SOT devices in the future.
Collapse
|
61
|
Li Z, Ren L, Wang S, Huang X, Li Q, Lu Z, Ding S, Deng H, Chen P, Lin J, Hu Y, Liao L, Liu Y. Dry Exfoliation of Large-Area 2D Monolayer and Heterostructure Arrays. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13839-13846. [PMID: 34355880 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, to date, there is still no effective approach to produce large-scale monolayers while retaining their intrinsic properties. Here, we report a simple mechanical exfoliation method to produce large-scale and high-quality 2D semiconductors, by designing an atomically flat Au-mesh film as the peeling tape. Using our prefabricated mesh tape, the limited contact region (between the 2D crystal and Au) could provide enough adhesion to mechanically exfoliate uniform 2D monolayers, and the noncontact region (between the mesh holes and monolayers) ensures weak interaction to mechanically release the 2D monolayers on desired substrates. Together, we demonstrate a scalable method to dry exfoliate various 2D monolayer arrays onto different substrates without involving any solutions or contaminations, representing the optimization between material yield, scalability, and quality. Furthermore, detailed optical and electrical characterizations are conducted to confirm their intrinsic quality. With the ability to mechanically exfoliate various 2D arrays and further restacking them, we have demonstrated large-scale van der Waals heterostructure arrays through layer-to-layer assembling. Our study offers a simple and scalable method for dry exfoliating 2D monolayer and heterostructure arrays with intrinsic material quality, which could be crucial to accelerate fundamental investigations as well as practical applications of proof-of-concepts devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liwang Ren
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qianyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zheyi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuimei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hanjun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Pingan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Yin X, Tang CS, Zheng Y, Gao J, Wu J, Zhang H, Chhowalla M, Chen W, Wee ATS. Recent developments in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: phase transition and applications of the (quasi-)metallic phases. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10087-10115. [PMID: 34396377 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) has led to an extensive amount of interest amongst scientists and engineers alike and an intensive amount of research has brought about major breakthroughs in the electronic and optical properties of 2D materials. This in turn has generated considerable interest in novel device applications. With the polymorphic structural features of 2D-TMDs, this class of materials can exhibit both semiconducting and metallic (quasi-metallic) properties in their respective phases. This polymorphic property further increases the interest in 2D-TMDs both in fundamental research and for their potential utilization in novel high-performance device applications. In this review, we highlight the unique structural properties of few-layer and monolayer TMDs in the metallic 1T- and quasi-metallic 1T'-phases, and how these phases dictate their electronic and optical properties. An overview of the semiconducting-to-(quasi)-metallic phase transition of 2D-TMD systems will be covered along with a discussion on the phase transition mechanisms. The current development in the applications of (quasi)-metallic 2D-TMDs will be presented ranging from high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices to energy storage, catalysis, piezoelectric and thermoelectric devices, and topological insulator and neuromorphic computing applications. We conclude our review by highlighting the challenges confronting the utilization of TMD-based systems and projecting the future developmental trends with an outlook of the progress needed to propel this exciting field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmao Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Physics Department, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chi Sin Tang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China and Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB30FS, UK
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore. and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Schranghamer TF, Sharma M, Singh R, Das S. Review and comparison of layer transfer methods for two-dimensional materials for emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11032-11054. [PMID: 34397050 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer immense potential for scientific breakthroughs and technological innovations. While early demonstrations of 2D material-based electronics, optoelectronics, flextronics, straintronics, twistronics, and biomimetic devices exploited micromechanically-exfoliated single crystal flakes, recent years have witnessed steady progress in large-area growth techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and metal-organic CVD (MOCVD). However, use of high growth temperatures, chemically-active growth precursors and promoters, and the need for epitaxy often limit direct growth of 2D materials on the substrates of interest for commercial applications. This has led to the development of a large number of methods for the layer transfer of 2D materials from the growth substrate to the target application substrate with varying degrees of cleanliness, uniformity, and transfer-related damage. This review aims to catalog and discuss these layer transfer methods. In particular, the processes, advantages, and drawbacks of various transfer methods are discussed, as is their applicability to different technological platforms of interest for 2D material implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Schranghamer
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Madan Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Wong J, Davoyan A, Liao B, Krayev A, Jo K, Rotenberg E, Bostwick A, Jozwiak CM, Jariwala D, Zewail AH, Atwater HA. Spatiotemporal Imaging of Thickness-Induced Band-Bending Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5745-5753. [PMID: 34152777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals materials exhibit naturally passivated surfaces and an ability to form versatile heterostructures to enable an examination of carrier transport mechanisms not seen in traditional materials. Here, we report a new type of homojunction termed a "band-bending junction" whose potential landscape depends solely on the difference in thickness between the two sides of the junction. Using MoS2 on Au as a prototypical example, we find that surface potential differences can arise from the degree of vertical band bending in thin and thick regions. Furthermore, by using scanning ultrafast electron microscopy, we examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of charge carriers generated at this junction and find that lateral carrier separation is enabled by differences in the band bending in the vertical direction, which we verify with simulations. Band-bending junctions may therefore enable new optoelectronic devices that rely solely on band bending arising from thickness variations to separate charge carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Davoyan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Bolin Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrey Krayev
- Horiba Scientific, Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,United States
| | - Chris M Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Tanoh AOA, Alexander-Webber J, Fan Y, Gauriot N, Xiao J, Pandya R, Li Z, Hofmann S, Rao A. Giant photoluminescence enhancement in MoSe 2 monolayers treated with oleic acid ligands. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4216-4225. [PMID: 34355119 PMCID: PMC8276785 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The inherently low photoluminescence (PL) yields in the as prepared transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers are broadly accepted to be the result of atomic vacancies (i.e., defects) and uncontrolled doping, which give rise to non-radiative exciton decay pathways. To date, a number of chemical passivation schemes have been successfully developed to improve PL in sulphur based TMDs i.e., molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and tungsten disulphide (WS2) monolayers. Studies on solution based chemical passivation schemes for improving PL yields in selenium (Se) based TMDs are however lacking in comparison. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with oleic acid (OA) provides a simple wet chemical passivation method for monolayer MoSe2, enhancing PL yields by an average of 58-fold, while also improving spectral uniformity across the material and reducing the emission linewidth. Excitation intensity dependent PL reveals trap-free PL dynamics dominated by neutral exciton recombination. Time-resolved PL (TRPL) studies reveal significantly increased PL lifetimes, with pump intensity dependent TRPL measurements also confirming trap free PL dynamics in OA treated MoSe2. Field effect transistors show reduced charge trap density and improved on-off ratios after treatment with OA. These results indicate defect passivation by OA, which we hypothesise as ligands passivating chalcogen defects through oleate coordination to Mo dangling bonds. Importantly, this work combined with our previous study on OA treated WS2, verifies OA treatment as a simple solution-based chemical passivation protocol for improving PL yields and electronic characteristics in both selenide and sulphide TMDs - a property that has not been reported previously for other solution-based passivation schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arelo O A Tanoh
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0FA Cambridge UK
| | - Jack Alexander-Webber
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0FA Cambridge UK
| | - Ye Fan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0FA Cambridge UK
| | - Nicholas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0FA Cambridge UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Panasci S, Schilirò E, Greco G, Cannas M, Gelardi FM, Agnello S, Roccaforte F, Giannazzo F. Strain, Doping, and Electronic Transport of Large Area Monolayer MoS 2 Exfoliated on Gold and Transferred to an Insulating Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31248-31259. [PMID: 34165956 PMCID: PMC9280715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold-assisted mechanical exfoliation currently represents a promising method to separate ultralarge (centimeter scale) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers (1L) with excellent electronic and optical properties from the parent van der Waals (vdW) crystals. The strong interaction between Au and chalcogen atoms is key to achieving this nearly perfect 1L exfoliation yield. On the other hand, it may significantly affect the doping and strain of 1L TMDs in contact with Au. In this paper, we systematically investigated the morphology, strain, doping, and electrical properties of large area 1L MoS2 exfoliated on ultraflat Au films (0.16-0.21 nm roughness) and finally transferred to an insulating Al2O3 substrate. Raman mapping and correlative analysis of the E' and A1' peak positions revealed a moderate tensile strain (ε ≈ 0.2%) and p-type doping (n ≈ -0.25 × 1013 cm-2) of 1L MoS2 in contact with Au. Nanoscale resolution current mapping and current-voltage (I-V) measurements by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) showed direct tunneling across the 1L MoS2 on Au, with a broad distribution of tunneling barrier values (ΦB from 0.7 to 1.7 eV) consistent with p-type doping of MoS2. After the final transfer of 1L MoS2 on Al2O3/Si, the strain was converted to compressive strain (ε ≈ -0.25%). Furthermore, an n-type doping (n ≈ 0.5 × 1013 cm-2) was deduced by Raman mapping and confirmed by electrical measurements of an Al2O3/Si back-gated 1L MoS2 transistor. These results provide a deeper understanding of the Au-assisted exfoliation mechanism and can contribute to its widespread application for the realization of novel devices and artificial vdW heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore
Ethan Panasci
- CNR-IMM, Strada VIII, 5 95121, Catania, Italy
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Catania, Via Santa Sofia
64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Cannas
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Franco M. Gelardi
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonpietro Agnello
- CNR-IMM, Strada VIII, 5 95121, Catania, Italy
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- ATeN
Center, Università degli Studi di
Palermo, Viale delle
Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Pang CS, Zhou R, Liu X, Wu P, Hung TYT, Guo S, Zaghloul ME, Krylyuk S, Davydov AV, Appenzeller J, Chen Z. Mobility Extraction in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Devices-Avoiding Contact Resistance Implicated Overestimation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100940. [PMID: 34110675 PMCID: PMC9703574 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Schottky barrier (SB) transistors operate distinctly different from conventional metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, in a unique way that the gate impacts the carrier injection from the metal source/drain contacts into the channel region. While it has been long recognized that this can have severe implications for device characteristics in the subthreshold region, impacts of contact gating of SB in the on-state of the devices, which affects evaluation of intrinsic channel properties, have been yet comprehensively studied. Due to the fact that contact resistance (RC ) is always gate-dependent in a typical back-gated device structure, the traditional approach of deriving field-effect mobility from the maximum transconductance (gm ) is in principle not correct and can even overestimate the mobility. In addition, an exhibition of two different threshold voltages for the channel and the contact region leads to another layer of complexity in determining the true carrier concentration calculated from Q = COX * (VG -VTH ). Through a detailed experimental analysis, the effect of different effective oxide thicknesses, distinct SB heights, and doping-induced reductions in the SB width are carefully evaluated to gain a better understanding of their impact on important device metrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Sheng Pang
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ruiping Zhou
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiangkai Liu
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Terry Y T Hung
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shiqi Guo
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mona E Zaghloul
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Albert V Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Joerg Appenzeller
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1205 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Bretscher HM, Andrich P, Murakami Y, Golež D, Remez B, Telang P, Singh A, Harnagea L, Cooper NR, Millis AJ, Werner P, Sood AK, Rao A. Imaging the coherent propagation of collective modes in the excitonic insulator Ta 2NiSe 5 at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd6147. [PMID: 34233871 PMCID: PMC8262811 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Excitonic insulators host a condensate of electron-hole pairs at equilibrium, giving rise to collective many-body effects. Although several materials have emerged as excitonic insulator candidates, evidence of long-range coherence is lacking and the origin of the ordered phase in these systems remains controversial. Here, using ultrafast pump-probe microscopy, we investigate the possible excitonic insulator Ta2NiSe5 Below 328 K, we observe the anomalous micrometer-scale propagation of coherent modes at velocities of ~105 m/s, which we attribute to the hybridization between phonon modes and the phase mode of the condensate. We develop a theoretical framework to support this explanation and propose that electronic interactions provide a substantial contribution to the ordered phase in Ta2NiSe5 These results allow us to understand how the condensate's collective modes transport energy and interact with other degrees of freedom. Our study provides a unique paradigm for the investigation and manipulation of these properties in strongly correlated materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope M Bretscher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Paolo Andrich
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Denis Golež
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Remez
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Prachi Telang
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Anupam Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Luminita Harnagea
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Nigel R Cooper
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Theerthagiri J, Lee SJ, Karuppasamy K, Arulmani S, Veeralakshmi S, Ashokkumar M, Choi MY. Application of advanced materials in sonophotocatalytic processes for the remediation of environmental pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125245. [PMID: 33545645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in various industrial processes have resulted in the discharge of toxic pollutants into the environment. Consequently, it is essential to develop efficient wastewater treatment processes to reduce water contamination and increase recycling/reuse. Photocatalytic degradation is considered as an efficient method for the degradation of toxic pollutants in industrial wastewater. However, the use of photocatalytic approaches is associated with numerous limitations, such as lengthy procedures and the necessity for large amounts of catalysts. Hence, it has been proposed that photocatalysis could be combined with other techniques, including sonolysis, electrochemical, photothermal, microwave, ultrafiltration, and biological reactor. The integration of photocatalysis with sonolysis could be remarkably beneficial for environmental remediation. The combination of these processes has the advantages of using uniformly dispersed catalysts, regeneration of the catalyst surface, improved mass transfer, enhanced surface area due to smaller catalyst particles, and production of more active radicals for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this review, an overview on employing sonophotocatalysis for the removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous environments is provided. Additionally, the limitations of photocatalysis alone and the fundamental sonophotocatalytic mechanistic pathways are discussed. The importance of utilizing advanced two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials in sonophotocatalysis and the common synthetic approaches for the preparation of 2D materials are also highlighted. Lastly, the review provides comprehensive insights into different materials based on metal oxides, chalcogenides, graphene, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs), which are involved in sonophotocatalytic processes employed for the remediation of environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Theerthagiri
- Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry & Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry & Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - K Karuppasamy
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramanian Arulmani
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Veeralakshmi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech. Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthupandian Ashokkumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry & Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wang Y, Pang J, Cheng Q, Han L, Li Y, Meng X, Ibarlucea B, Zhao H, Yang F, Liu H, Liu H, Zhou W, Wang X, Rummeli MH, Zhang Y, Cuniberti G. Applications of 2D-Layered Palladium Diselenide and Its van der Waals Heterostructures in Electronics and Optoelectronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:143. [PMID: 34138389 PMCID: PMC8203759 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties. In particular, palladium diselenide (PdSe2) with a novel pentagonal structure and unique physical characteristics have recently attracted extensive research interest. Consequently, tremendous research progress has been achieved regarding the physics, chemistry, and electronics of PdSe2. Accordingly, in this review, we recapitulate and summarize the most recent research on PdSe2, including its structure, properties, synthesis, and applications. First, a mechanical exfoliation method to obtain PdSe2 nanosheets is introduced, and large-area synthesis strategies are explained with respect to chemical vapor deposition and metal selenization. Next, the electronic and optoelectronic properties of PdSe2 and related heterostructures, such as field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, and thermoelectric devices, are discussed. Subsequently, the integration of systems into infrared image sensors on the basis of PdSe2 van der Waals heterostructures is explored. Finally, future opportunities are highlighted to serve as a general guide for physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers. Therefore, this comprehensive review may shed light on the research conducted by the 2D material community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qilin Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Meng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co. Ltd., Xinwai Street 2, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark H Rummeli
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden 20 Helmholtz Strasse, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Technology VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava, 708 33, Czech Republic
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Babacic V, Saleta Reig D, Varghese S, Vasileiadis T, Coy E, Tielrooij KJ, Graczykowski B. Thickness-Dependent Elastic Softening of Few-Layer Free-Standing MoSe 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008614. [PMID: 33938047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer van der Waals (vdW) materials have been extensively investigated in terms of their exceptional electronic, optoelectronic, optical, and thermal properties. Simultaneously, a complete evaluation of their mechanical properties remains an undeniable challenge due to the small lateral sizes of samples and the limitations of experimental tools. In particular, there is no systematic experimental study providing unambiguous evidence on whether the reduction of vdW thickness down to few layers results in elastic softening or stiffening with respect to the bulk. In this work, micro-Brillouin light scattering is employed to investigate the anisotropic elastic properties of single-crystal free-standing 2H-MoSe2 as a function of thickness, down to three molecular layers. The so-called elastic size effect, that is, significant and systematic elastic softening of the material with decreasing numbers of layers is reported. In addition, this approach allows for a complete mechanical examination of few-layer membranes, that is, their elasticity, residual stress, and thickness, which can be easily extended to other vdW materials. The presented results shed new light on the ongoing debate on the elastic size-effect and are relevant for performance and durability of implementation of vdW materials as resonators, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Babacic
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - David Saleta Reig
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Sebin Varghese
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Bretscher H, Li Z, Xiao J, Qiu DY, Refaely-Abramson S, Alexander-Webber JA, Tanoh A, Fan Y, Delport G, Williams CA, Stranks SD, Hofmann S, Neaton JB, Louie SG, Rao A. Rational Passivation of Sulfur Vacancy Defects in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8780-8789. [PMID: 33983711 PMCID: PMC8158852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural defects vary the optoelectronic properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, leading to concerted efforts to control defect type and density via materials growth or postgrowth passivation. Here, we explore a simple chemical treatment that allows on-off switching of low-lying, defect-localized exciton states, leading to tunable emission properties. Using steady-state and ultrafast optical spectroscopy, supported by ab initio calculations, we show that passivation of sulfur vacancy defects, which act as exciton traps in monolayer MoS2 and WS2, allows for controllable and improved mobilities and an increase in photoluminescence up to 275-fold, more than twice the value achieved by other chemical treatments. Our findings suggest a route for simple and rational defect engineering strategies for tunable and switchable electronic and excitonic properties through passivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaojun Li
- University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K.
- Uppsala
University, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - James Xiao
- University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K.
| | - Diana Yuan Qiu
- Yale
University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | | | - Arelo Tanoh
- University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K.
| | - Ye Fan
- University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- University
of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G. Louie
- University
of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Hu S, Zhao G, Zhang M, Qin W, Wang Z, Huang X, Wang J. Facile Exfoliation for High-Quality Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoflakes and Relevant Field-Effect Transistors Developed With Thermal Treatment. Front Chem 2021; 9:650901. [PMID: 33981671 PMCID: PMC8109793 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.650901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a typical member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) group, is known for its excellent electronic performance and is considered a candidate next-generation semiconductor. The preparation of MoS2 nanoflakes for use as the core of semiconducting devices depends on mechanical exfoliation, but its quality has not yet been optimized. In this paper, a novel exfoliation method of achieving MoS2 nanoflakes is proposed. We find that the size and yield of the exfoliated flakes are improved after thermal treatment for 2 h at a temperature of 110°C followed by precooling for 10 min in ambient air. The new method has the advantage of a 152-fold larger size of obtained MoS2 flakes than traditional mechanical exfoliation. This phenomenon may be attributable to the differences in van Der Waals force and the increase in surface free energy at the interface induced by thermal treatment. In addition, a field-effect transistor (FET) was fabricated on the basis of multilayer MoS2 prepared according to a new process, and the device exhibited a typical depleted-FET performance, with an on/off ratio of ~105 and a field-effect mobility of 24.26 cm2/Vs in the saturated region when VG is 10 V, which is generally consistent with the values for devices reported previously. This implies that the new process may have potential for the standard preparation of MoS2 and even other 2D materials as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Innovation Center of Additive Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Innovation Center of Additive Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Innovation Center of Additive Manufacturing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaozu Hu
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohong Zhao
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Shi X, Mai X, Wei R, Ma Y, Naik N, He Z, Chen Y, Wang C, Dong B, Guo Z. Removing Pb2+ and As(V) from polluted water by highly reusable Fe-Mg metal-organic complex adsorbent. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
75
|
Liu Y, Gu F. A wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer MoS 2 and their field-effect transistors toward practical applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2117-2138. [PMID: 36133770 PMCID: PMC9419721 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted considerable research interest as a promising candidate for downscaling integrated electronics due to the special two-dimensional structure and unique physicochemical properties. However, it is still challenging to achieve large-area MoS2 monolayers with desired material quality and electrical properties to fulfill the requirement for practical applications. Recently, a variety of investigations have focused on wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 synthesis with high-quality. The 2D MoS2 field-effect transistor (MoS2-FET) array with different configurations utilizes the high-quality MoS2 film as channels and exhibits favorable performance. In this review, we illustrated the latest research advances in wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 synthesis by different methods, including Au-assisted exfoliation, CVD, thin film sulfurization, MOCVD, ALD, VLS method, and the thermolysis of thiosalts. Then, an overview of MoS2-FET developments was provided based on large-area MoS2 film with different device configurations and performances. The different applications of MoS2-FET in logic circuits, basic memory devices, and integrated photodetectors were also summarized. Lastly, we considered the perspective and challenges based on wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 synthesis and MoS2-FET for developing practical applications in next-generation integrated electronics and flexible optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Fuxing Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Lan HY, Hsieh YH, Chiao ZY, Jariwala D, Shih MH, Yen TJ, Hess O, Lu YJ. Gate-Tunable Plasmon-Enhanced Photodetection in a Monolayer MoS 2 Phototransistor with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3083-3091. [PMID: 33761260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), direct bandgap materials with an atomically thin nature, are promising materials for electronics and photonics, especially at highly scaled lateral dimensions. However, the characteristically low total absorption of photons in the monolayer TMD has become a challenge in the access to and realization of monolayer TMD-based high-performance optoelectronic functionalities and devices. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable plasmonic phototransistors (photoFETs) that consist of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) photoFETs integrated with the two-dimensional plasmonic crystals. The plasmonic photoFET has an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 2.7 × 104 AW-1, achieving a 7.2-fold enhancement in the photocurrent compared to pristine photoFETs. This benefits predominately from the combination of the enhancement of the photon-absorption-rate via the strongly localized-electromagnetic-field and the gate-tunable plasmon-induced photocarrier-generation-rate in the monolayer MoS2. These results demonstrate a systematic methodology for designing ultrathin plasmon-enhanced photodetectors based on monolayer TMDs for next-generation ultracompact optoelectronic devices in the trans-Moore era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Lan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yi Chiao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ortwin Hess
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Su J, Liu G, Liu L, Chen J, Hu X, Li Y, Li H, Zhai T. Recent Advances in 2D Group VB Transition Metal Chalcogenides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005411. [PMID: 33694286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have received considerable research interest owing to their abundant material systems and remarkable properties. Among them, 2D group VB transition metal chalcogenides (GVTMCs) stand out as emerging 2D metallic materials and significantly broaden the research scope of 2D materials. 2D GVTMCs have great advantages in electrical transport, 2D magnetism, charge density wave, sensing, catalysis, and charge storage, making them attractive in the fields of functional devices and energy chemistry. In this review, the recent progress of 2D GVTMCs is summarized systematically from fundamental properties, growth methodologies to potential applications. The challenges and prospects are also discussed for future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guiheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozong Hu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chen Y, Sun M. Two-dimensional WS 2/MoS 2 heterostructures: properties and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5594-5619. [PMID: 33720254 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The successful fabrication of WS2/MoS2 heterostructures provides more possibilities for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications than graphene because of their direct bandgap characteristics; therefore, scientific investigations on WS2/MoS2 heterostructures are more significant and thriving. In this paper, we review the latest research progress in WS2/MoS2 heterostructures, and look forward to their properties and applications. Firstly, we analyze the crystal structure and electronic structure of WS2, MoS2, and their heterostructures. Secondly, we comprehensively present the widely used methods for preparing heterostructures. Finally, based on the unique physical characteristics of WS2/MoS2 heterostructures, we focus on their properties and applications in mechanics, electronics, optoelectronics, and thermoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Meng C, Das P, Shi X, Fu Q, Müllen K, Wu ZS. In Situ and Operando Characterizations of 2D Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pratteek Das
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Guo S, Wu K, Li C, Wang H, Sun Z, Xi D, Zhang S, Ding W, Zaghloul ME, Wang C, Castro FA, Yang D, Zhao Y. Integrated contact lens sensor system based on multifunctional ultrathin MoS 2 transistors. MATTER 2021; 4:969-985. [PMID: 33398259 PMCID: PMC7773002 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart contact lenses attract extensive interests due to their capability of directly monitoring physiological and ambient information. However, previous demonstrations usually lacked efficient sensor modalities, facile fabrication process, mechanical stability, or biocompatibility. Here, we demonstrate a flexible approach for fabrication of multifunctional smart contact lenses with an ultrathin MoS2 transistors-based serpentine mesh sensor system. The integrated sensor systems contain a photodetector for receiving optical information, a glucose sensor for monitoring glucose level directly from tear fluid, and a temperature sensor for diagnosing potential corneal disease. Unlike traditional sensors and circuit chips sandwiched in the lens substrate, this serpentine mesh sensor system can be directly mounted onto the lenses and maintain direct contact with tears, delivering high detection sensitivity, while being mechanically robust and not interfering with either blinking or vision. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity tests reveal good biocompatibility, thus holding promise as next-generation soft electronics for healthcare and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Guo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Athioula A. Martins Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dawei Xi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Mona E Zaghloul
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Changning Wang
- Athioula A. Martins Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fernando A Castro
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Dong Yang
- Athioula A. Martins Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Luo ZD, Yang MM, Liu Y, Alexe M. Emerging Opportunities for 2D Semiconductor/Ferroelectric Transistor-Structure Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005620. [PMID: 33577112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor technology, which is rapidly evolving, is poised to enter a new era for which revolutionary innovations are needed to address fundamental limitations on material and working principle level. 2D semiconductors inherently holding novel properties at the atomic limit show great promise to tackle challenges imposed by traditional bulk semiconductor materials. Synergistic combination of 2D semiconductors with functional ferroelectrics further offers new working principles, and is expected to deliver massively enhanced device performance for existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies and add unprecedented applications for next-generation electronics. Herein, recent demonstrations of novel device concepts based on 2D semiconductor/ferroelectric heterostructures are critically reviewed covering their working mechanisms, device construction, applications, and challenges. In particular, emerging opportunities of CMOS-process-compatible 2D semiconductor/ferroelectric transistor structure devices for the development of a rich variety of applications are discussed, including beyond-Boltzmann transistors, nonvolatile memories, neuromorphic devices, and reconfigurable nanodevices such as p-n homojunctions and self-powered photodetectors. It is concluded that 2D semiconductor/ferroelectric heterostructures, as an emergent heterogeneous platform, could drive many more exciting innovations for modern electronics, beyond the capability of ubiquitous silicon systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ming-Min Yang
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Pan S, Yang P, Zhu L, Hong M, Xie C, Zhou F, Shi Y, Huan Y, Cui F, Zhang Y. Effect of substrate symmetry on the orientations of MoS 2 monolayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095601. [PMID: 33113522 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising platforms for developing next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique properties. To achieve this, the growth of large single-crystal TMDs is a critical issue. Unraveling the factors affecting the nucleation and domain orientation should hold fundamental significance. Herein, we design the chemical vapor deposition growth of monolayer MoS2 triangles on Au(111) and Au(100) facets, for exploring the substrate facet effects on the domain orientations. According to multi-scale characterizations, we find that, the obtained triangular MoS2 domains present two preferential orientations on the six-fold symmetric Au(111) facet, whereas four predominant orientations on the four-fold symmetric Au(100) facet. Using on-site scanning tunneling microscopy, we further reveal the preferred alignments of monolayer MoS2 triangles along the close-packed directions of both Au(111) and Au(100) facets. Moreover, bunched substrate steps are also found to form along the close-packed directions of the crystal facets, which guides the preferential nucleation of monolayer MoS2 along the step edges. This work should hereby deepen the understanding of the substrate facet/step effect on the nucleation and orientation of monolayer MoS2 domains, thus providing fundamental insights into the controllable syntheses of large single-crystal TMD monolayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyuan Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahuan Huan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Falin A, Holwill M, Lv H, Gan W, Cheng J, Zhang R, Qian D, Barnett MR, Santos EJG, Novoselov KS, Tao T, Wu X, Li LH. Mechanical Properties of Atomically Thin Tungsten Dichalcogenides: WS 2, WSe 2, and WTe 2. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2600-2610. [PMID: 33503379 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tungsten disulfide (WS2), tungsten diselenide (WSe2), and tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) draw increasing attention due to their attractive properties deriving from the heavy tungsten and chalcogenide atoms, but their mechanical properties are still mostly unknown. Here, we determine the intrinsic and air-aged mechanical properties of mono-, bi-, and trilayer (1-3L) WS2, WSe2, and WTe2 using a complementary suite of experiments and theoretical calculations. High-quality 1L WS2 has the highest Young's modulus (302.4 ± 24.1 GPa) and strength (47.0 ± 8.6 GPa) of the entire family, overpassing those of 1L WSe2 (258.6 ± 38.3 and 38.0 ± 6.0 GPa, respectively) and WTe2 (149.1 ± 9.4 and 6.4 ± 3.3 GPa, respectively). However, the elasticity and strength of WS2 decrease most dramatically with increased thickness among the three materials. We interpret the phenomenon by the different tendencies for interlayer sliding in an equilibrium state and under in-plane strain and out-of-plane compression conditions in the indentation process, revealed by the finite element method and density functional theory calculations including van der Waals interactions. We also demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the high-quality 1-3L WS2 and WSe2 are largely stable in air for up to 20 weeks. Intriguingly, the 1-3L WSe2 shows increased modulus and strength values with aging in the air. This is ascribed to oxygen doping, which reinforces the structure. The present study will facilitate the design and use of 2D tungsten dichalcogenides in applications such as strain engineering and flexible field-effect transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Falin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Matthew Holwill
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jun Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Matthew R Barnett
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin S Novoselov
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
| | - Tao Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Tabata H, Matsuyama H, Goto T, Kubo O, Katayama M. Visible-Light-Activated Response Originating from Carrier-Mobility Modulation of NO 2 Gas Sensors Based on MoS 2 Monolayers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2542-2553. [PMID: 33528994 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some gas sensors exhibit significant increases in their sensitivity and response/recovery rates under light illumination. This photoactivation of the gas response is considered a promising alternative to conventional thermal activation, which requires high power consumption. Thin layers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are known to exhibit an effective photoactivated gas response under visible light. However, the mechanism of the photoactivated response has not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we fabricated field-effect-transistor (FET) gas sensors based on MoS2 monolayers and investigated their photoactivated gas responses to NO2 gas under illumination at various irradiances of visible light. A photocurrent was generated mainly due to the photovoltaic effect, which decreased upon exposure to NO2. The conductance-based sensor response showed a dependence on NO2 concentration according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, thereby suggesting that the response is proportional to the surface coverage of NO2 molecules on the MoS2 layer. The response and recovery rates showed a linear increase with increasing irradiance. Analysis based on the Langmuir adsorption model revealed that both photostimulated adsorption and desorption are involved in the photoactivated response. In contrast, despite the strong dependence of the photocurrent on the irradiance, the magnitude of the sensor response was independent of the irradiance. Based on this result and the change in transfer characteristics of the FET during NO2 exposure, we concluded that the fast response/recovery of the photoactivated response is due to the carrier mobility modulation of MoS2, which is caused by the dipole scattering of adsorbed NO2 molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tabata
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuyama
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Goto
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Kubo
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Katayama
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Bernhardt N, Kim S, Fröch JE, White SJU, Duong NMH, He Z, Chen B, Liu J, Aharonovich I, Solntsev AS. Large few-layer hexagonal boron nitride flakes for nonlinear optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:564-567. [PMID: 33528410 DOI: 10.1364/ol.416564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a layered dielectric material with a wide range of applications in optics and photonics. In this work, we demonstrate a fabrication method for few-layer hBN flakes with areas up to 5000µm2. We show that hBN in this form can be integrated with photonic microstructures: as an example, we use a circular Bragg grating (CBG). The layer quality of the exfoliated hBN flake on and off a CBG is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. We show that the SHG signal is uniform across the hBN sample outside the CBG and is amplified in the center of the CBG.
Collapse
|
86
|
Wang G, Wang Z, McEvoy N, Fan P, Blau WJ. Layered PtSe 2 for Sensing, Photonic, and (Opto-)Electronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004070. [PMID: 33225525 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the first experimental discovery of graphene 16 years ago, many other 2D layered nanomaterials have been reported. However, the majority of 2D nanostructures suffer from relatively complicated fabrication processes that have bottlenecked their development and their uptake by industry for practical applications. Here, the recent progress in sensing, photonic, and (opto-)electronic applications of PtSe2 , a 2D layered material that is likely to be used in industries benefiting from its high air-stability and semiconductor-technology-compatible fabrication methods, is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of a range of synthesis methods for PtSe2 are initially compared, followed by a discussion of its outstanding properties, and industrial and commercial advantages. Research focused on the broadband nonlinear photonic properties of PtSe2 , as well as reports of its use as a saturable absorber in ultrafast lasers, are then reviewed. Additionally, the advances that have been achieved in a range of PtSe2 -based field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and sensors are summarized. Finally, a conclusion on these results along with the outlook for the future is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ping Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Werner J Blau
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Strain Induced Phase Transition of WS2 by Local Dewetting of Au/Mica Film upon Annealing. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a proof-of-concept experiment where phase engineering at the nanoscale of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) flakes (from semiconducting 2H phase to metallic 1T phase) can be achieved by thermal annealing of a TMDC/Au/mica system. The local dewetting of Au particles and resulting tensile strain produced on the TMDC flakes, strongly bound to the Au surface through effective S-Au bonds, can induce a local structural phase transition. An important role is also played by the defects induced by the thermal annealing: when vacancies are present, the threshold strain needed to trigger the phase transition is significantly reduced. Scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) was revealed to be the perfect tool to monitor the described phenomena.
Collapse
|
88
|
Wu F, Liu Z, Hawthorne N, Chandross M, Moore Q, Argibay N, Curry JF, Batteas JD. Formation of Coherent 1H-1T Heterostructures in Single-Layer MoS 2 on Au(111). ACS NANO 2020; 14:16939-16950. [PMID: 33253530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunctions of semiconductors and metals are the fundamental building blocks of modern electronics. Coherent heterostructures between dissimilar materials can be achieved by composition, doping, or heteroepitaxy of chemically different elements. Here, we report the formation of coherent single-layer 1H-1T MoS2 heterostructures by mechanical exfoliation on Au(111), which are chemically homogeneous with matched lattices but show electronically distinct semiconducting (1H phase) and metallic (1T phase) character, with the formation of these heterojunctions attributed to a combination of lattice strain and charge transfer. The exfoliation approach employed is free of tape residues usually found in many exfoliation methods and yields single-layer MoS2 with millimeter (mm) size on the Au surface. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) have collectively been employed to elucidate the structural and electronic properties of MoS2 monolayers on Au substrates. Bubbles in the MoS2 formed by the trapping of ambient adsorbates beneath the single layer during deposition, have also been observed and characterized. Our work here provides a basis to produce two-dimensional heterostructures which represent potential candidates for future electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanglue Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhuotong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Chandross
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Quentarius Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nicolas Argibay
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - John F Curry
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - James D Batteas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Sam RT, Umakoshi T, Verma P. Probing stacking configurations in a few layered MoS 2 by low frequency Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21227. [PMID: 33277575 PMCID: PMC7718217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, such as MoS2, have recently gained a significant traction, chiefly due to their tunable electronic and optical properties. A major attribute that affects the tunability is the number of layers in the system. Another important, but often overlooked aspect is the stacking configuration between the layers, which can modify their electro-optic properties through changes in internal symmetries and interlayer interactions. This demands a thorough understanding of interlayer stacking configurations of these materials before they can be used in devices. Here, we investigate the spatial distribution of various stacking configurations and variations in interlayer interactions in few-layered MoS2 flakes probed through the low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, which we establish as a versatile imaging tool for this purpose. Some interesting anomalies in MoS2 layer stacking, which we propose to be caused by defects, wrinkles or twist between the layers, are also reported here. These types of anomalies, which can severely affect the properties of these materials can be detected through low-frequency Raman imaging. Our findings provide useful insights for understanding various structure-dependent properties of 2D materials that could be of great importance for the development of future electro-optic devices, quantum devices and energy harvesting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Thankam Sam
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Umakoshi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Prabhat Verma
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Huang B, McGuire MA, May AF, Xiao D, Jarillo-Herrero P, Xu X. Emergent phenomena and proximity effects in two-dimensional magnets and heterostructures. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1276-1289. [PMID: 32948831 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin van der Waals materials and their heterostructures offer a simple, yet powerful platform for discovering emergent phenomena and implementing device structures in the two-dimensional limit. The past few years has pushed this frontier to include magnetism. These advances have brought forth a new assortment of layered materials that intrinsically possess a wide variety of magnetic properties and are instrumental in integrating exchange and spin-orbit interactions into van der Waals heterostructures. This Review Article summarizes recent progress in exploring the intrinsic magnetism of atomically thin van der Waals materials, manipulation of their magnetism by tuning the interlayer coupling, and device structures for spin- and valleytronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michael A McGuire
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Tanoh AOA, Gauriot N, Delport G, Xiao J, Pandya R, Sung J, Allardice J, Li Z, Williams CA, Baldwin A, Stranks SD, Rao A. Directed Energy Transfer from Monolayer WS 2 to Near-Infrared Emitting PbS-CdS Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15374-15384. [PMID: 33078943 PMCID: PMC8155326 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and inorganic semiconducting zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots (QDs) offer useful charge and energy transfer pathways, which could form the basis of future optoelectronic devices. To date, most have focused on charge transfer and energy transfer from QDs to TMDs, that is, from 0D to 2D. Here, we present a study of the energy transfer process from a 2D to 0D material, specifically exploring energy transfer from monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) to near-infrared emitting lead sulfide-cadmium sulfide (PbS-CdS) QDs. The high absorption cross section of WS2 in the visible region combined with the potentially high photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of PbS QD systems makes this an interesting donor-acceptor system that can effectively use the WS2 as an antenna and the QD as a tunable emitter, in this case, downshifting the emission energy over hundreds of millielectron volts. We study the energy transfer process using photoluminescence excitation and PL microscopy and show that 58% of the QD PL arises due to energy transfer from the WS2. Time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy studies show that the energy transfer process is faster than the intrinsic PL quenching by trap states in the WS2, thus allowing for efficient energy transfer. Our results establish that QDs could be used as tunable and high PL efficiency emitters to modify the emission properties of TMDs. Such TMD-QD heterostructures could have applications in light-emitting technologies or artificial light-harvesting systems or be used to read out the state of TMD devices optically in various logic and computing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arelo O. A. Tanoh
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse Allardice
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Cyan A. Williams
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Machine Learning Analysis of Raman Spectra of MoS 2. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112223. [PMID: 33182274 PMCID: PMC7695331 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Defects introduced during the growth process greatly affect the device performance of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we demonstrate the applicability of employing machine-learning-based analysis to distinguish the monolayer continuous film and defect areas of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using position-dependent information extracted from its Raman spectra. The random forest method can analyze multiple Raman features to identify samples, making up for the problem of not being able to effectively identify by using just one certain variable with high recognition accuracy. Even some dispersed nucleation site defects can be predicted, which would commonly be ignored under an optical microscope because of the lower optical contrast. The successful application for classification and analysis highlights the potential for implementing machine learning to tap the depth of classical methods in 2D materials research.
Collapse
|
93
|
Su J, Wang M, Liu G, Li H, Han J, Zhai T. Air-Stable 2D Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Ta 3FeS 6 with Four Months Durability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001722. [PMID: 33240755 PMCID: PMC7675181 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
2D ferromagnetic materials provide an important platform for the fundamental magnetic research at atomic-layer thickness which has great prospects for next-generation spintronic devices. However, the currently discovered 2D ferromagnetic materials (such as, CrI3, Cr2Ge2Te6, and Fe3GeTe2) suffer from poor air stability, which hinders their practical application. Herein, intrinsic long-range ferromagnetic order in 2D Ta3FeS6 is reported, which exhibits ultrahigh stability under the atmospheric environment. The intrinsic ferromagnetism of few-layer Ta3FeS6 is revealed by polar magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement, which exhibits giant MOKE response and has Curie temperature of ≈80 K. More importantly, few-layer Ta3FeS6 nanosheet exhibits excellent air stability and its ferromagnetism remains unchanged after 4 months of aging under the atmosphere. This work enriches the family of 2D ferromagnetic materials, which will facilitate the research progress of spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Department of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Guiheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Junbo Han
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Department of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Moon JY, Kim M, Kim SI, Xu S, Choi JH, Whang D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Park DS, Seo J, Cho SH, Son SK, Lee JH. Layer-engineered large-area exfoliation of graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabc6601. [PMID: 33115746 PMCID: PMC7608796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The competition between quality and productivity has been a major issue for large-scale applications of two-dimensional materials (2DMs). Until now, the top-down mechanical cleavage method has guaranteed pure perfect 2DMs, but it has been considered a poor option in terms of manufacturing. Here, we present a layer-engineered exfoliation technique for graphene that not only allows us to obtain large-size graphene, up to a millimeter size, but also allows selective thickness control. A thin metal film evaporated on graphite induces tensile stress such that spalling occurs, resulting in exfoliation of graphene, where the number of exfoliated layers is adjusted by using different metal films. Detailed spectroscopy and electron transport measurement analysis greatly support our proposed spalling mechanism and fine quality of exfoliated graphene. Our layer-engineered exfoliation technique can pave the way for the development of a manufacturing-scale process for graphene and other 2DMs in electronics and optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Moon
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Seung-Il Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuigang Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Physics, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmok Whang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16409, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dong Seop Park
- Mobile Display Process Architecture, Samsung Display, Asan 31454, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Seo
- Mobile Display Process Architecture, Samsung Display, Asan 31454, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Cho
- Mobile Display Process Architecture, Samsung Display, Asan 31454, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Kyun Son
- Department of Physics, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kwon S, Lee SY, Choi SH, Kang JW, Lee T, Song J, Lee SW, Cho CH, Kim KK, Yee KJ, Kim DW. Polarization-Dependent Light Emission and Charge Creation in MoS 2 Monolayers on Plasmonic Au Nanogratings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44088-44093. [PMID: 32892618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated plasmonic hybrid nanostructures consisting of MoS2 monolayer flakes and Au nanogratings with a period of 500 nm. The angle-resolved reflectance and photoluminescence spectra of the hybrid nanostructures clearly indicated a coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and incoming photons. The surface photovoltage (SPV) maps could visualize the spatial distribution of net charges while shining light on the sample. Considerable polarization and wavelength dependence of the SPV signals suggested that the SPP mode enhanced the light-matter interaction and resulting exciton generation in the MoS2 monolayer. From the photoluminescence spectra and the morphology of the suspended MoS2 region, it could be noted that light irradiation did not much raise the temperature of the MoS2 monolayers on the nanogratings. Nanoscopic SPV and surface topography measurements could reveal the local optoelectronic and mechanical properties of MoS2 monolayers. This work provided us insights into the proposal of a high-performance MoS2/metal optoelectronic devices, based on the understanding of the SPP-photon and SPP-exciton coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Kwon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Soo Ho Choi
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jang-Won Kang
- Department of Physics, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea
| | - Taejin Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jungeun Song
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Cho
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Ki Kang Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Ju Yee
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Recent Advancements and Future Prospects in Ultrathin 2D Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts have shown their compelling potential and have arguably received tremendous attention in photocatalysis because of their superior thickness-dependent physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties. Although numerous comprehensions about 2D semiconductor photocatalysts have been amassed up to now, low cost efficiency, degradation, kinetics of charge transfer along with recycling are still the big challenges to realize a wide application of 2D semiconductor-based photocatalysis. At present, most photocatalysts still need rare or expensive noble metals to improve the photocatalytic activity, which inhibits their commercial-scale application extremely. Thus, developing less costly, earth-abundant semiconductor-based photocatalysts with efficient conversion of sunlight energy remains the primary challenge. In this review, it begins with a brief description of the general mechanism of overall photocatalytic water splitting. Then a concise overview of different types of 2D semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts is given to figure out the advantages and disadvantages for mentioned semiconductor-based photocatalysis, including the structural property and stability, synthesize method, electrochemical property and optical properties for H2/O2 production half reaction along with overall water splitting. Finally, we conclude this review with a perspective, marked on some remaining challenges and new directions of 2D semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts.
Collapse
|
97
|
Highly conductive nanometer-thick gold films grown on molybdenum disulfide surfaces for interconnect applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14463. [PMID: 32879394 PMCID: PMC7468125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin gold (Au) films (10 nm) are deposited on different substrates by using a e-beam deposition system. Compared with sapphire and SiO2 surfaces, longer migration length of the Au adatoms is observed on MoS2 surfaces, which helps in the formation of a single-crystal Au film on the MoS2 surface at 200 °C. The results have demonstrated that with the assistance of van der Waals epitaxy growth mode, single-crystal 3D metals can be grown on 2D material surfaces. With the improved crystalline quality and less significant Au grain coalescence on MoS2 surfaces, sheet resistance 2.9 Ω/sq is obtained for the thin 10 nm Au film at 100 °C, which is the lowest value reported in literature. The highly conductive thin metal film is advantageous for the application of backend interconnects for the electronic devices with reduced line widths.
Collapse
|
98
|
Velický M, Rodriguez A, Bouša M, Krayev AV, Vondráček M, Honolka J, Ahmadi M, Donnelly GE, Huang F, Abruña H, Novoselov KS, Frank O. Strain and Charge Doping Fingerprints of the Strong Interaction between Monolayer MoS 2 and Gold. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6112-6118. [PMID: 32633525 PMCID: PMC7460541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gold-mediated exfoliation of MoS2 has recently attracted considerable interest. The strong interaction between MoS2 and Au facilitates preferential production of centimeter-sized monolayer MoS2 with near-unity yield and provides a heterostructure system noteworthy from a fundamental standpoint. However, little is known about the detailed nature of the MoS2-Au interaction and its evolution with the MoS2 thickness. Here, we identify the specific vibrational and binding energy fingerprints of this interaction using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which indicate substantial strain and charge doping in monolayer MoS2. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy reveals heterogeneity of the MoS2-Au interaction at the nanoscale, reflecting the spatial nonconformity between the two materials. Micro-Raman spectroscopy shows that this interaction is strongly affected by the roughness and cleanliness of the underlying Au. Our results elucidate the nature of the MoS2-Au interaction and guide strain and charge doping engineering of MoS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Velický
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Rodriguez
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bouša
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Vondráček
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honolka
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gavin E. Donnelly
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Fumin Huang
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Héctor
D. Abruña
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
- Chongqing
2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Otakar Frank
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Raja SS, Cheng CW, Sang Y, Chen CA, Zhang XQ, Dubey A, Yen TJ, Chang YM, Lee YH, Gwo S. Epitaxial Aluminum Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Large-Scale 2D Material Characterization. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8838-8845. [PMID: 32589398 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ultrasensitive technique to identify vibrational fingerprints of trace analytes. However, present SERS techniques suffer from the lack of uniform, reproducible, and stable substrates to control the plasmonic hotspots in a wide spectral range. Here, we report the promising application of epitaxial aluminum films as a scalable plasmonic platform for SERS applications. To assess the uniformity of aluminum substrates, atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are used as the benchmark analyte due to their inherent two-dimensional homogeneity. Besides the distinctive spectral capability of aluminum in the ultraviolet (325 nm), we demonstrate that the aluminum substrates can even perform comparably with the silver counterparts made from single-crystalline colloidal silver crystals using the same SERS substrate design in the visible range (532 nm). This is unexpected from the prediction solely based on optical dielectric functions and illustrate the superior surface and interface properties of epitaxial aluminum SERS substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soniya S Raja
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yungang Sang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Quan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Abhishek Dubey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Cheng Z, Sun J, Zhang B, Lu Z, Ma F, Zhang G, Xue Q. Strain Effects of Vertical Separation and Horizontal Sliding in Commensurate Two-Dimensional Homojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5815-5822. [PMID: 32614591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strain, as an economic yet controllable approach for structural modulation, frequently plays a vital role in the preparation and performance optimization of two-dimensional nanomaterials (TNMs). Here, utilizing first-principles simulations, the analysis of energetics shows that the biaxial stretching and compressing could facilitate the vertical separation and horizontal sliding in graphene (Gr/Gr), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN/h-BN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2/MoS2) bilayers. The quantification of electron redistribution between layers confirmed that the shifts of interlayer charge density (ρinter-) and its relative values (Δρinter-) are responsible for the vertical separation and horizontal sliding facilitated by biaxial strain. More effortless horizontal sliding was enabled by a smoother potential energy surface because a smaller Δρinter- can be acquired under compression, whereas more effortless vertical separation followed a more vulnerable surface energy because a lower ρinter- occurs under tensile strain. The vertical and horizontal division of strain effect provides a novel idea for further understanding its pivotal roles in strain engineering of commensurate-contact TNMs, such as mechanical exfoliation and solid lubrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bozhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunji Xue
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|