51
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Papageorgiou G, Corrie JET. Synthesis and Photolytic Assessment of Nitroindolinyl-Caged Calcium Ion Chelators. Molecules 2022; 27:2645. [PMID: 35565996 PMCID: PMC9104977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive amino acids derivatised at their carboxylate groups with a photolabile nitroindolinyl group are highly effective reagents for the sub-µs release of neuroactive amino acids in physiological solutions. However, the same does not apply in the case of calcium ion chelators. In this study, nitroindolinyl-caged BAPTA is found to be completely photostable, whereas nitroindolinyl-caged EDTA photolyses only when saturated with calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Papageorgiou
- Chemical Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John E. T. Corrie
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK;
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52
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Kneuttinger AC. A guide to designing photocontrol in proteins: methods, strategies and applications. Biol Chem 2022; 403:573-613. [PMID: 35355495 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Light is essential for various biochemical processes in all domains of life. In its presence certain proteins inside a cell are excited, which either stimulates or inhibits subsequent cellular processes. The artificial photocontrol of specifically proteins is of growing interest for the investigation of scientific questions on the organismal, cellular and molecular level as well as for the development of medicinal drugs or biocatalytic tools. For the targeted design of photocontrol in proteins, three major methods have been developed over the last decades, which employ either chemical engineering of small-molecule photosensitive effectors (photopharmacology), incorporation of photoactive non-canonical amino acids by genetic code expansion (photoxenoprotein engineering), or fusion with photoreactive biological modules (hybrid protein optogenetics). This review compares the different methods as well as their strategies and current applications for the light-regulation of proteins and provides background information useful for the implementation of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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53
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Tieu T, Jiang J, Hao S, Li P, Richardson M, Baell J, Thissen H, Cifuentes A, Li L, Voelcker NH. Porous Silicon Nanocarriers with Stimulus-Cleavable Linkers for Effective Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200076. [PMID: 35306736 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) are widely utilized as drug carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility, large surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. However, the dispersion in pore size and biodegradability of pSiNPs arguably have hindered the application of pSiNPs for controlled drug release. Here, a step-changing solution to this problem is described involving the design, synthesis, and application of three different linker-drug conjugates comprising anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and different stimulus-cleavable linkers (SCLs) including the photocleavable linker (ortho-nitrobenzyl), pH-cleavable linker (hydrazone), and enzyme-cleavable linker (β-glucuronide). These SCL-DOX conjugates are covalently attached to the surface of pSiNP via copper (I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC, i.e., click reaction) to afford pSiNP-SCL-DOXs. The mass loading of the covalent conjugation approach for pSiNP-SCL-DOX reaches over 250 µg of DOX per mg of pSiNPs, which is notably twice the mass loading achieved by noncovalent loading. Moreover, the covalent conjugation between SCL-DOX and pSiNPs endows the pSiNPs with excellent stability and highly controlled release behavior. When tested in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models, the pSiNP-SCL-DOXs induces excellent tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Terence Tieu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jiamin Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Shiping Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Panpan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Mark Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Anna Cifuentes
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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54
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Singh AK, Banerjee S, Nair AV, Ray S, Ojha M, Mondal A, Singh NDP. Green Light-Activated Single-Component Organic Fluorescence-Based Nano-Drug Delivery System for Dual Uncaging of Anticancer Drugs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1202-1209. [PMID: 35148052 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing green or red light-activated drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer treatment is highly desirable. Herein, we have reported a green light-responsive single component-based organic fluorescence nano-DDS by simply anchoring 2-hydroxy-6-naphthacyl (phototrigger) on both sides of the 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) chromophore. This green light (λ ≥ 500 nm)-activated DDS released two equivalents of the anticancer drug (valproic acid) in a spatio-temporally controlled manner. Our photoresponsive DDS [DAN-bis(HO-Naph-VPA)] exhibited interesting properties such as excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) accompanied with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena. AIE initiated the photorelease, and ESIPT enhanced the rate of the photorelease. Further, in vitro studies revealed that our green light-activated nano-DDS exhibited good cytocompatibility, excellent cellular internalization, and effective cancer cell killing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptarshi Banerjee
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamata Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Mondal
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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55
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Zhong W, Wu J, Huang Y, Xing C, Lu C. Target-Activated, Light-Actuated Three-Dimensional DNA Walker Nanomachine for Amplified miRNA Detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1151-1157. [PMID: 35001620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate analysis of microRNA (miRNA) is promising for elucidation of cancer processes and therapeutic effects. In this study, we reported a new target-activated, light-actuated three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker on gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of miRNA using pyrene-incorporated DNAzyme analogues. In this design, the target miRNA activated the 3D DNA walker system to releases the walking arm. Then, under ultraviolet light irradiation, the pyrene DNAzyme on the walking arm would consecutively cleave the disulfide bonds of substrate strands and recover the fluorescence signal, thus achieving the amplified miRNA detection. The sophisticated design of the light-actuated 3D DNA walker was systematically investigated. Furthermore, this strategy could also be employed for miRNA analysis in serum samples with satisfactory reproducibility. Notably, the proposed light-actuated 3D DNA walker-based technique eliminated the need of enzymes, cofactors, and RNA backbones, thereby significantly improving the stability and efficiency. Overall, the light-actuated 3D DNA walker-based strategy enabled facile, sensitive, and specific detection of miRNA and provided new perspectives in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wukun Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Junye Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
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56
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He S, Dong G, Cheng J, Wu Y, Sheng C. Strategies for designing proteolysis targeting chimaeras (PROTACs). Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1280-1342. [PMID: 35001407 DOI: 10.1002/med.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) is a cutting edge and rapidly growing technique for new drug discovery and development. Currently, the largest challenge in the molecular design and drug development of PROTACs is efficient identification of potent and drug-like degraders. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and analyse state-of-the-art methods and strategies in the design of PROTACs. We provide a detailed illustration of the general principles and tactics for designing potent PROTACs, highlight representative case studies, and discuss the advantages and limitations of these strategies. Particularly, structure-based rational PROTAC design and emerging new types of PROTACs (e.g., homo-PROTACs, multitargeting PROTACs, photo-control PROTACs and PROTAC-based conjugates) will be focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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57
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Le‐Vinh B, Akkuş‐Dağdeviren ZB, Le NN, Nazir I, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Alkaline Phosphatase: A Reliable Endogenous Partner for Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le‐Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Zeynep Burcu Akkuş‐Dağdeviren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Nguyet‐Minh Nguyen Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
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58
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Wang C, O'Hagan MP, Li Z, Zhang J, Ma X, Tian H, Willner I. Photoresponsive DNA materials and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:720-760. [PMID: 34985085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photoresponsive nucleic acids attract growing interest as functional constituents in materials science. Integration of photoisomerizable units into DNA strands provides an ideal handle for the reversible reconfiguration of nucleic acid architectures by light irradiation, triggering changes in the chemical and structural properties of the nanostructures that can be exploited in the development of photoresponsive functional devices such as machines, origami structures and ion channels, as well as environmentally adaptable 'smart' materials including nanoparticle aggregates and hydrogels. Moreover, photoresponsive DNA components allow control over the composition of dynamic supramolecular ensembles that mimic native networks. Beyond this, the modification of nucleic acids with photosensitizer functionality enables these biopolymers to act as scaffolds for spatial organization of electron transfer reactions mimicking natural photosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these exciting developments in the design of photoresponsive DNA materials, and showcases a range of applications in catalysis, sensing and drug delivery/release. The key challenges facing the development of the field in the coming years are addressed, and exciting emergent research directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Michael P O'Hagan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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59
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Peters A, Herrmann E, Cornelissen NV, Klöcker N, Kümmel D, Rentmeister A. Visible-Light Removable Photocaging Groups Accepted by MjMAT Variant: Structural Basis and Compatibility with DNA and RNA Methyltransferases. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100437. [PMID: 34606675 PMCID: PMC9298006 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylation and demethylation of DNA, RNA and proteins constitutes a major regulatory mechanism in epigenetic processes. Investigations would benefit from the ability to install photo-cleavable groups at methyltransferase target sites that block interactions with reader proteins until removed by non-damaging light in the visible spectrum. Engineered methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) have been exploited in cascade reactions with methyltransferases (MTases) to modify biomolecules with non-natural groups, including first evidence for accepting photo-cleavable groups. We show that an engineered MAT from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (PC-MjMAT) is 308-fold more efficient at converting ortho-nitrobenzyl-(ONB)-homocysteine than the wildtype enzyme. PC-MjMAT is active over a broad range of temperatures and compatible with MTases from mesophilic organisms. We solved the crystal structures of wildtype and PC-MjMAT in complex with AdoONB and a red-shifted derivative thereof. These structures reveal that aromatic stacking interactions within the ligands are key to accommodating the photocaging groups in PC-MjMAT. The enlargement of the binding pocket eliminates steric clashes to enable AdoMet analogue binding. Importantly, PC-MjMAT exhibits remarkable activity on methionine analogues with red-shifted ONB-derivatives enabling photo-deprotection of modified DNA by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Peters
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr. 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Eric Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr. 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Nicolas V. Cornelissen
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr. 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Nils Klöcker
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr. 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Kümmel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr. 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr. 3648149MünsterGermany
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60
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Ji Y, Liansheng F, Suchen Q, Han X. Stimuli-Responsive Delivery Strategies for Controllable Gene Editing in Tumor Therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7694-7707. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR system has attracted significant interest due to its great potential in tumour therapy. Developing effective, precise and safe delivery vectors is a prerequisite for CRISPR applications. Some disease-related biological...
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61
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E/ Z Molecular Photoswitches Activated by Two-Photon Absorption: Comparison between Different Families. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237379. [PMID: 34885961 PMCID: PMC8659108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical techniques as two-photon absorption (TPA) have raised relevant interest within the last years due to the capability to excite chromophores with photons of wavelength equal to only half of the corresponding one-photon absorption energy. At the same time, its probability being proportional to the square of the light source intensity, it allows a better spatial control of the light-induced phenomenon. Although a consistent number of experimental studies focus on increasing the TPA cross section, very few of them are devoted to the study of photochemical phenomena induced by TPA. Here, we show a design strategy to find suitable E/Z photoswitches that can be activated by TPA. A theoretical approach is followed to predict the TPA cross sections related to different excited states of various photoswitches’ families, finally concluding that protonated Schiff-bases (retinal)-like photoswitches outperform compared to the others. The donor-acceptor substitution effect is therefore rationalized for the successful TPA activatable photoswitch, in order to maximize its properties, finally also forecasting a possible application in optogenetics. Some experimental measurements are also carried out to support our conclusions.
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62
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Courtney TM, Darrah KE, Horst TJ, Tsang M, Deiters A. Blue Light Activated Rapamycin for Optical Control of Protein Dimerization in Cells and Zebrafish Embryos. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2434-2443. [PMID: 34609839 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin-induced dimerization of FKBP and FRB is the most commonly utilized chemically induced protein dimerization system. It has been extensively used to conditionally control protein localization, split-enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions in general by simply fusing FKBP and FRB to proteins of interest. We have developed a new aminonitrobiphenylethyl caging group and applied it to the generation of a caged rapamycin analog that can be photoactivated using blue light. Importantly, the caged rapamycin analog shows minimal background activity with regard to protein dimerization and can be directly interfaced with a wide range of established (and often commercially available) FKBP/FRB systems. We have successfully demonstrated its applicability to the optical control of enzymatic function, protein stability, and protein subcellular localization. Further, we also showcased its applicability toward optical regulation of cell signaling, specifically mTOR signaling, in cells and aquatic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Courtney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kristie E. Darrah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Trevor J. Horst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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63
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Zhu C, Kou T, Kadi AA, Li J, Zhang Y. Molecular platforms based on biocompatible photoreactions for photomodulation of biological targets. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9358-9368. [PMID: 34632469 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoirradiation provides a convenient and biocompatible approach for spatiotemporal modulation of biological systems with photoresponsive components. The construction of molecular platforms with a photoresponse to be integrated into biomolecules for photomodulation has been of great research interest in optochemical biology. In this review, we summarize typical molecular platforms that are integratable with biomolecules for photomodulation purposes. We categorize these molecular platforms according to their excitation light source, namely ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) or near-infrared (NIR) light. The protype chemistry of these molecular platforms is introduced along with an overview of their most recent applications for spatiotemporal regulation of biomolecular function in living cells or mice models. Challenges and the outlook are also presented. We hope this review paper will contribute to further progress in the development of molecular platforms and their biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tianzhang Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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64
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Podshibyakin VА, Shepelenko ЕN, Yu. Karlutova O, Kuzmina LG, Dubonosov AD, Bren VA, Minkin VI. An efficient approach to diarylethene-amino acid photochromic fluorescent hybrids. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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van der Leun AM, Hoekstra ME, Reinalda L, Scheele CLGJ, Toebes M, van de Graaff MJ, Chen LYY, Li H, Bercovich A, Lubling Y, David E, Thommen DS, Tanay A, van Rheenen J, Amit I, van Kasteren SI, Schumacher TN. Single-cell analysis of regions of interest (SCARI) using a photosensitive tag. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1139-1147. [PMID: 34504322 PMCID: PMC7611907 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The functional activity and differentiation potential of cells are determined by their interactions with surrounding cells. Approaches that allow unbiased characterization of cell states while at the same time providing spatial information are of major value to assess this environmental influence. However, most current techniques are hampered by a tradeoff between spatial resolution and cell profiling depth. Here, we develop a photocage-based technology that allows isolation and in-depth analysis of live cells from regions of interest in complex ex vivo systems, including primary human tissues. The use of a highly sensitive 4-nitrophenyl(benzofuran) cage coupled to a set of nanobodies allows high-resolution photo-uncaging of different cell types in areas of interest. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of spatially defined CD8+ T cells is used to exemplify the feasibility of identifying location-dependent cell states. The technology described here provides a valuable tool for the analysis of spatially defined cells in diverse biological systems, including clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M van der Leun
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam E Hoekstra
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Reinalda
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Colinda L G J Scheele
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VIB-KULeuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mireille Toebes
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel J van de Graaff
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- SeraNovo, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Linda Y Y Chen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanjie Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Akhiad Bercovich
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lubling
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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66
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Ramos-Soriano J, Galan MC. Photoresponsive Control of G-Quadruplex DNA Systems. JACS AU 2021; 1:1516-1526. [PMID: 34723256 PMCID: PMC8549047 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) oligonucleotide secondary structures have recently attracted significant attention as therapeutic targets owing to their occurrence in human oncogene promoter sequences and the genome of pathogenic organisms. G4s also demonstrate interesting catalytic activities in their own right, as well as the ability to act as scaffolds for the development of DNA-based materials and nanodevices. Owing to this diverse range of opportunities to exploit G4 in a variety of applications, several strategies to control G4 structure and function have emerged. Interrogating the role of G4s in biology requires the delivery of small-molecule ligands that promote its formation under physiological conditions, while exploiting G4 in the development of responsive nanodevices is normally achieved by the addition and sequestration of the metal ions required for the stabilization of the folded structure. Although these strategies prove successful, neither allows the system in question to be controlled externally. Meanwhile, light has proven to be an attractive means for the control of DNA-based systems as it is noninvasive, can be delivered with high spatiotemporal precision, and is orthogonal to many chemical and biological processes. A plethora of photoresponsive DNA systems have been reported to date; however, the vast majority deploy photoreactive moieties to control the stability and assembly of duplex DNA hybrids. Despite the unique opportunities afforded by the regulation of G-quadruplex formation in biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology, comparatively little attention has been devoted to the design of photoresponsive G4-based systems. In this Perspective, we consider the potential of photoresponsive G4 assemblies and examine the strategies that may be used to engineer these systems toward a variety of applications. Through an overview of the main developments in the field to date, we highlight recent progress made toward this exciting goal and the emerging opportunities that remain ripe for further exploration in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-Soriano
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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67
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Hemelíková N, Žukauskaitė A, Pospíšil T, Strnad M, Doležal K, Mik V. Caged Phytohormones: From Chemical Inactivation to Controlled Physiological Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12111-12125. [PMID: 34610745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones, also called phytohormones, are small signaling molecules regulating a wide range of growth and developmental processes. These unique compounds respond to both external (light, temperature, water, nutrition, or pathogen attack) and internal factors (e.g., age) and mediate signal transduction leading to gene expression with the aim of allowing plants to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. Within the regulation of biological processes, individual groups of phytohormones act mostly through a web of interconnected responses rather than linear pathways, making elucidation of their mode of action in living organisms quite challenging. To further progress with our knowledge, the development of novel tools for phytohormone research is required. Although plenty of small molecules targeting phytohormone metabolic or signaling pathways (agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors) and labeled or tagged (fluorescently, isotopically, or biotinylated) compounds have been produced, the control over them in vivo is lost at the time of their administration. Caged compounds, on the other hand, represent a new approach to the development of small organic substances for phytohormone research. The term "caged compounds" refers to light-sensitive probes with latent biological activity, where the active molecule can be freed using a light beam in a highly spatio/temporal-, amplitude-, or frequency-defined manner. This review summarizes the up-to-date development in the field of caged plant hormones. Research progress is arranged in chronological order for each phytohormone regardless of the cage compound formulation and bacterial/plant/animal cell applications. Several known drawbacks and possible directions for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Hemelíková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Mik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
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68
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Tinajero-Díaz E, Salado-Leza D, Gonzalez C, Martínez Velázquez M, López Z, Bravo-Madrigal J, Knauth P, Flores-Hernández FY, Herrera-Rodríguez SE, Navarro RE, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Krötzsch E, Carvajal ZYG, Hernández-Gutiérrez R. Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Evaluation Models and Cancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1719. [PMID: 34684012 PMCID: PMC8537602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles are widely used to deliver bioactive molecules and drugs to improve cancer therapy. Several research works have highlighted the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry, using biological entities to minimize the use of solvents and control their physicochemical and biological properties. Recent advances in evaluating the anticancer effect of green biogenic Au and Ag nanoparticles are mainly focused on the use of conventional 2D cell culture and in vivo murine models that allow determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, a critical parameter to move forward clinical trials. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more human-like evaluation models or to improve the existing ones for a better understanding of the molecular bases of cancer. This review provides recent advances in biosynthesized Au and Ag nanoparticles for seven of the most common and relevant cancers and their biological assessment. In addition, it provides a general idea of the in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models used for the anticancer evaluation of green biogenic metal-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Daniela Salado-Leza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (D.S.-L.); (C.G.)
- Cátedras CONACyT, México City 03940, Mexico
| | - Carmen Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (D.S.-L.); (C.G.)
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Zaira López
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico; (Z.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Jorge Bravo-Madrigal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Peter Knauth
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico; (Z.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Flor Y. Flores-Hernández
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Sara Elisa Herrera-Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Rosa E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, México City 14389, Mexico; (A.C.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, México City 14389, Mexico; (A.C.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Zaira Y. García Carvajal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Rodolfo Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
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69
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Monteiro DCF, Amoah E, Rogers C, Pearson AR. Using photocaging for fast time-resolved structural biology studies. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1218-1232. [PMID: 34605426 PMCID: PMC8489231 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321008809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful selection of photocaging approaches is critical to achieve fast and well synchronized reaction initiation and perform successful time-resolved structural biology experiments. This review summarizes the best characterized and most relevant photocaging groups previously described in the literature. It also provides a walkthrough of the essential factors to consider in designing a suitable photocaged molecule to address specific biological questions, focusing on photocaging groups with well characterized spectroscopic properties. The relationships between decay rates (k in s-1), quantum yields (ϕ) and molar extinction coefficients (ϵmax in M-1 cm-1) are highlighted for different groups. The effects of the nature of the photocaged group on these properties is also discussed. Four main photocaging scaffolds are presented in detail, o-nitrobenzyls, p-hydroxyphenyls, coumarinyls and nitrodibenzofuranyls, along with three examples of the use of this technology. Furthermore, a subset of specialty photocages are highlighted: photoacids, molecular photoswitches and metal-containing photocages. These extend the range of photocaging approaches by, for example, controlling pH or generating conformationally locked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. F. Monteiro
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicot Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Emmanuel Amoah
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicot Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Cromarte Rogers
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arwen R. Pearson
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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70
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Xu Y, Gao C, Håversen L, Lundbäck T, Andréasson J, Grøtli M. Design and development of a photoswitchable DFG-out kinase inhibitor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10043-10046. [PMID: 34505602 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterisation of a photoswitchable DFG-out kinase inhibitor. Photocontrol of the target kinase in both enzymatic and living cell assays is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Chunxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Liliana Håversen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-48183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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71
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Matinkhoo K, Pryyma A, Wong AAWL, Perrin DM. Synthesis and evaluation of " Ama-Flash", a photocaged amatoxin prodrug for light-activated RNA Pol II inhibition and cell death. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9558-9561. [PMID: 34477193 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amanitin is used extensively as a research tool to inhibit RNA Pol II thereby implicating its role in mRNA transcription. Recently, amanitin has gained traction as a toxic payload for targeted therapy. Here we report the first-ever photocaged amanitin analog, that is non-toxic and can be pre-loaded into cells. Light provides a means to inhibit RNA Pol II and provoke cell death on-demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Matinkhoo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Alla Pryyma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Antonio A W L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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72
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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73
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Photopharmacological Applications for Cherenkov Radiation Generated by Clinically Used Radionuclides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169010. [PMID: 34445716 PMCID: PMC8396513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational photopharmacological applications are limited through irradiation by light showing wavelengths within the bio-optical window. To achieve sufficient tissue penetration, using wavelengths >500 nm is mandatory. Nevertheless, the majority of photopharmacological compounds respond to irradiation with more energetic UV light, which shows only a minor depth of tissue penetration in the µm range. Thus, we became interested in UV light containing Cherenkov radiation (CR) induced as a by-product by clinically employed radionuclides labeling specific tissues. Therefore, CR may be applicable in novel photopharmacological approaches. To provide evidence for the hypothesis, we verified the clinically established radionuclides 68Ga and 90Y but not 18F in clinically used activities to be capable of generating CR in aqueous solutions. We then investigated whether the generated CR was able to photoactivate the caged kinase inhibitor cagedAZD5438 as a photoresponsive model system. Herein, 21% uncaging of the model system cagedAZD5438 occurred by incubation with 90Y, along with a non-specific compound decomposition for 68Ga and partly for 90Y. The findings suggest that the combination of a clinically employed radionuclide with an optimized photoresponsive agent could be beneficial for highly focused photopharmacological therapies.
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74
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Suzuki AZ, Sakano T, Sasaki H, Watahiki R, Sone M, Horikawa K, Furuta T. Design and synthesis of gene-directed caged cyclic nucleotides exhibiting cell type selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5630-5633. [PMID: 34018507 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed a new caging group that can be photoactivated only in the presence of a non-endogenous enzyme when exposed to 405 nm light. Because cells or tissues can be genetically tagged by an exogenously expressed enzyme, this novel method can serve as a strategy for adding targeting abilities to photocaged compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Z Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Taichi Sakano
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirona Sasaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Rei Watahiki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Horikawa
- Department of Optical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto Cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Furuta
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
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75
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Zhang Y, Chen J, He C. On Demand Attachment and Detachment of rac-2-Br-DMNPA Tailoring to Facilitate Chemical Protein Synthesis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6477-6481. [PMID: 34369799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a bifunctional reagent rac-2-Br-DMNPA 2 for the late-stage protection of peptide cysteine. Through the identification of its t-Bu ester 1 as a more competent form under ligation conditions, facile N-terminal and side-chain caging for the model peptide and protein were accomplished. Building upon this, a one-pot ligation and photolysis strategy was applied in the synthesis of the mini-protein chlorotoxin. More importantly, we extended the utility of 2 as a bifunctional linker for traceless solid-phase chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junlang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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76
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Jackowska A, Gryko D. Vitamin B 12 Derivatives Suitably Tailored for the Synthesis of Photolabile Conjugates. Org Lett 2021; 23:4940-4944. [PMID: 33794095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 conjugates are broadly studied in biological sciences. As light offers spatiotemporal control, we decided to develop a method for the preparation of vitamin B12 conjugates that release tethered molecules upon exposure to light. Herein, we report vitamin B12 derivatives possessing a photolabile linker suitable for conjugation with amines, azides, and alkynes. The potential applications of such conjugates are broad and include the delivery of drugs, labels, and imaging agents to their place of action and spatiotemporal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jackowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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77
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Nair RV, Farrukh A, del Campo A. Light-Regulated Angiogenesis via a Phototriggerable VEGF Peptidomimetic. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100488. [PMID: 34110713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of growth factor based therapies in regenerative medicine is limited by the high cost, fast degradation kinetics, and the multiple functions of these molecules in the cell, which requires regulated delivery to minimize side effects. Here a photoactivatable peptidomimetic of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that allows the light-controlled presentation of angiogenic signals to endothelial cells embedded in hydrogel matrices is presented. A photoresponsive analog of the 15-mer peptidomimetic Ac-KLTWQELYQLKYKGI-NH2 (abbreviated P QK) is prepared by introducing a 3-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-butyl (DMNPB) photoremovable protecting group at the Trp4 residue. This modification inhibits the angiogenic potential of the peptide temporally. Light exposure of P QK modified hydrogels provide instructive cues to embedded endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis at the illuminated sites of the 3D culture, with the possibility of spatial control. P QK modified photoresponsive biomaterials offer an attractive approach for the dosed delivery and spatial control of pro-angiogenic factors to support regulated vascular growth by just using light as an external trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshna V. Nair
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
- Chemistry Department Saarland University Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
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78
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Teders M, Murray NR, Huck WTS. Reversible Photoswitchable Inhibitors Enable Wavelength‐Selective Regulation of Out‐of‐Equilibrium Bi‐enzymatic Systems. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Teders
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R. Murray
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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79
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Ragab SS. Synthesis and UV-irradiation of photocaged nitrobenzyl-BODIPY derivatives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two different photocaged 2-nitrobenzyl-BODIPY derivatives were designed and synthesized, where the 2-nitrobenzyl phototrigger is either directly attached to the meso position of BODIPY or through a phenoxy linker. The photochemical and photophysical properties of the two constructs were studied and their fluorescence quantum yields were determined. The ultraviolet irradiation of the two photocaged BODIPYs demonstrated a twofold fluorescence enhancement accompanying the uncaging of the BODIPY with the directly attached phototrigger, while the second switchable dyad with the phenoxy linker retains its essentially unaltered emissive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Shaban Ragab
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), El behouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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80
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Shieh P, Hill MR, Zhang W, Kristufek SL, Johnson JA. Clip Chemistry: Diverse (Bio)(macro)molecular and Material Function through Breaking Covalent Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7059-7121. [PMID: 33823111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the two decades since the introduction of the "click chemistry" concept, the toolbox of "click reactions" has continually expanded, enabling chemists, materials scientists, and biologists to rapidly and selectively build complexity for their applications of interest. Similarly, selective and efficient covalent bond breaking reactions have provided and will continue to provide transformative advances. Here, we review key examples and applications of efficient, selective covalent bond cleavage reactions, which we refer to herein as "clip reactions." The strategic application of clip reactions offers opportunities to tailor the compositions and structures of complex (bio)(macro)molecular systems with exquisite control. Working in concert, click chemistry and clip chemistry offer scientists and engineers powerful methods to address next-generation challenges across the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan R Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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81
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Fernandes RJ, Remón P, Moro AJ, Seco A, Ferreira ASD, Pischel U, Basílio N. Toward Light-Controlled Supramolecular Peptide Dimerization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8472-8478. [PMID: 34060851 PMCID: PMC9161448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective photodeprotection of the NVoc-modified FGG tripeptide yields the transformation of its 1:1 receptor-ligand complex with cucurbit[8]uril into a homoternary FGG2@CB8 assembly. The resulting light-induced dimerization of the model peptide provides a tool for the implementation of stimuli-responsive supramolecular chemistry in biologically relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita J Fernandes
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patricia Remón
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Artur J Moro
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - André Seco
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana S D Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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82
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Chiovini B, Pálfi D, Majoros M, Juhász G, Szalay G, Katona G, Szőri M, Frigyesi O, Lukácsné Haveland C, Szabó G, Erdélyi F, Máté Z, Szadai Z, Madarász M, Dékány M, Csizmadia IG, Kovács E, Rózsa B, Mucsi Z. Theoretical Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Neurobiological Applications of a Highly Efficient Two-Photon Caged GABA Validated on an Epileptic Case. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15029-15045. [PMID: 34151084 PMCID: PMC8210458 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an additional, new cage-GABA compound, called 4-amino-1-(4'-dimethylaminoisopropoxy-5',7'-dinitro-2',3'-dihydro-indol-1-yl)-1-oxobutane-γ-aminobutyric acid (iDMPO-DNI-GABA), and currently, this compound is the only photoreagent, which can be applied for GABA uncaging without experimental compromises. By a systematic theoretical design and successful synthesis of several compounds, the best reagent exhibits a high two-photon efficiency within the 700-760 nm range with excellent pharmacological behavior, which proved to be suitable for a complex epileptic study. Quantum chemical design showed that the optimal length of the cationic side chain enhances the two-photon absorption by 1 order of magnitude due to the cooperating internal hydrogen bonding to the extra nitro group on the core. This feature increased solubility while suppressing membrane permeability. The efficiency was demonstrated in a systematic, wide range of in vitro single-cell neurophysiological experiments by electrophysiological as well as calcium imaging techniques. Scalable inhibitory ion currents were elicited by iDMPO-DNI-GABA with appropriate spatial-temporal precision, blocking both spontaneous and evoked cell activity with excellent efficiency. Additionally, to demonstrate its applicability in a real neurobiological study, we could smoothly and selectively modulate neuronal activities during artificial epileptic rhythms first time in a neural network of GCaMP6f transgenic mouse brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Chiovini
- The
Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, 50 Práter str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory
of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dénes Pálfi
- The
Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, 50 Práter str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Myrtill Majoros
- The
Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, 50 Práter str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- The
Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, 50 Práter str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory
of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szalay
- Laboratory
of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Katona
- Laboratory
of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milán Szőri
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Frigyesi
- Chemistry
Department, Femtonics Limited, Tűzoltó str. 59, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Szabó
- Transgenic
Facility, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Transgenic
Facility, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Transgenic
Facility, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szadai
- The
Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, 50 Práter str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Madarász
- Laboratory
of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dékány
- Gedeon Richter
Plc, Gyömrői
str. 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre G. Csizmadia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ervin Kovács
- Chemistry
Department, Femtonics Limited, Tűzoltó str. 59, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- The
Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, 50 Práter str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory
of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Chemistry
Department, Femtonics Limited, Tűzoltó str. 59, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
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83
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Roth S, Trinh PT, Wachtveitl J. Two-photon absorption enhancement for organic acceptor molecules with QD antennas. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9808-9815. [PMID: 34031687 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01696b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of an inorganic/organic hybrid system was studied by time-resolved optical spectroscopy, focusing on the goal of increasing the two-photon efficiency of photoresponsive systems. The hybrid system consists of CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) as energy donor and coumarin derivatives as energy acceptor molecules. The spectral overlap of QD emission and coumarin 343 absorption promotes a Förster resonance energy tranfer (FRET) mechanism leading to a FRET efficiency up to nearly 90%. Additionally, time-correlated single photon counting showed a faster fluorescence decay while acceptor molecules were attached to the QD surface. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements demonstrated an ultrafast FRET reaction. Importantly, FRET was observed also after two-photon excitation of the QDs indicating that the chosen QDs can act as two-photon antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roth
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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84
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Pan P, Yue Q, Li J, Gao M, Yang X, Ren Y, Cheng X, Cui P, Deng Y. Smart Cargo Delivery System based on Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Bone Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004586. [PMID: 34165902 PMCID: PMC8224433 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone diseases constitute a major issue for modern societies as a consequence of progressive aging. Advantages such as open mesoporous channel, high specific surface area, ease of surface modification, and multifunctional integration are the driving forces for the application of mesoporous nanoparticles (MNs) in bone disease diagnosis and treatment. To achieve better therapeutic effects, it is necessary to understand the properties of MNs and cargo delivery mechanisms, which are the foundation and key in the design of MNs. The main types and characteristics of MNs for bone regeneration, such as mesoporous silica (mSiO2 ), mesoporous hydroxyapatite (mHAP), mesoporous calcium phosphates (mCaPs) are introduced. Additionally, the relationship between the cargo release mechanisms and bone regeneration of MNs-based nanocarriers is elucidated in detail. Particularly, MNs-based smart cargo transport strategies such as sustained cargo release, stimuli-responsive (e.g., pH, photo, ultrasound, and multi-stimuli) controllable delivery, and specific bone-targeted therapy for bone disease diagnosis and treatment are analyzed and discussed in depth. Lastly, the conclusions and outlook about the design and development of MNs-based cargo delivery systems in diagnosis and treatment for bone tissue engineering are provided to inspire new ideas and attract researchers' attention from multidisciplinary areas spanning chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qin Yue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Meiqi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuanyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Penglei Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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85
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Pintér G, Hohmann K, Grün J, Wirmer-Bartoschek J, Glaubitz C, Fürtig B, Schwalbe H. Real-time nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of biomolecular kinetics and dynamics. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:291-320. [PMID: 37904763 PMCID: PMC10539803 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-291-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study kinetics of folding, refolding and aggregation of proteins, RNA and DNA. Time-resolved NMR experiments can be conducted in a reversible or an irreversible manner. In particular, irreversible folding experiments pose large requirements for (i) signal-to-noise due to the time limitations and (ii) synchronising of the refolding steps. Thus, this contribution discusses the application of methods for signal-to-noise increases, including dynamic nuclear polarisation, hyperpolarisation and photo-CIDNP for the study of time-resolved NMR studies. Further, methods are reviewed ranging from pressure and temperature jump, light induction to rapid mixing to induce rapidly non-equilibrium conditions required to initiate folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Pintér
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for
Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Katharina F. Hohmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for
Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - J. Tassilo Grün
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for
Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Julia Wirmer-Bartoschek
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for
Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Clemens Glaubitz
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Boris Fürtig
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for
Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for
Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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86
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Thapaliya ER, Mony L, Sanchez R, Serraz B, Paoletti P, Ellis-Davies GCR. Photochemical control of drug efficacy - a comparison of uncaging and photoswitching ifenprodil on NMDA receptors. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021; 5:445-454. [PMID: 36540756 PMCID: PMC9762817 DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ifenprodil is an important negative allosteric modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. We have synthesized caged and photoswitchable derivatives of this small molecule drug. Caged ifenprodil was biologically inert before photolysis, UV irradiation efficiently released the drug allowing selective inhibition of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Azobenzene-modified ifenprodil, on the other hand, is inert in both its trans and cis configurations, although in silico modeling predicted the trans form to be able to bind to the receptor. The disparity in effectiveness between the two compounds reflects, in part, the inherent ability of each method in manipulating the binding properties of drugs. With appropriate structure-activity relationship uncaging enables binary control of effector binding, whereas photoswitching using feely diffusable chromophores shifts the dose-response curve of drug-receptor interaction. Our data suggest that the efficacy of pharmacophores having a confined binding site such as ifenprodil can be controlled more easily by uncaging in comparison to photoswitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Laetitia Mony
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris 75005, France
- Equal contribution
| | - Roberto Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Drug Discovery Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin Serraz
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris 75005, France
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87
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Yu SY, Ruan YF, Liu YL, Han DM, Zhou H, Zhao WW, Jiang D, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Photocontrolled Nanopipette Biosensor for ATP Gradient Electroanalysis of Single Living Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1529-1535. [PMID: 33847485 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging nanopipette tools have demonstrated substantial potential for advanced single-cell analysis, which plays vital roles from fundamental cellular biology to biomedical diagnostics. Highly recyclable nanopipettes with easy and quick regeneration are of special interest for precise and multiple measurements. However, existing recycle strategies are generally plagued by operational complexity and limited efficiency. Light, acting in a noncontact way, should be the ideal external stimulus to address this issue. Herein, we present the photocontrolled nanopipette capable of probing cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gradient at single-cell level with good sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility, which stems from the use of ATP-specific azobenzene (Azo)-incorporated DNA aptamer strands (AIDAS) and thereby the sensible transduction of variable nanopore size by the ionic currents passing through the aperture. Photoisomerized conformational change of the AIDAS by alternative UV/vis light stimulation ensures its noninvasive regeneration and repeated detection. Inducement and inhibition of the cellular ATP could also be probed by this nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - De-Man Han
- Engineering Research Center of Recycling & Comprehensive Utilization of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Waste of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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88
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Teders M, Pogodaev AA, Bojanov G, Huck WTS. Reversible Photoswitchable Inhibitors Generate Ultrasensitivity in Out-of-Equilibrium Enzymatic Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5709-5716. [PMID: 33844531 PMCID: PMC8154525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Ultrasensitivity
is a ubiquitous emergent property of biochemical
reaction networks. The design and construction of synthetic reaction
networks exhibiting ultrasensitivity has been challenging, but would
greatly expand the potential properties of life-like materials. Herein,
we exploit a general and modular strategy to reversibly regulate the
activity of enzymes using light and show how ultrasensitivity arises
in simple out-of-equilibrium enzymatic systems upon incorporation
of reversible photoswitchable inhibitors (PIs). Utilizing a chromophore/warhead
strategy, PIs of the protease α-chymotrypsin were synthesized,
which led to the discovery of inhibitors with large differences in
inhibition constants (Ki) for the different
photoisomers. A microfluidic flow setup was used to study enzymatic
reactions under out-of-equilibrium conditions by continuous addition
and removal of reagents. Upon irradiation of the continuously stirred
tank reactor with different light pulse sequences, i.e., varying the
pulse duration or frequency of UV and blue light irradiation, reversible
switching between photoisomers resulted in ultrasensitive responses
in enzymatic activity as well as frequency filtering of input signals.
This general and modular strategy enables reversible and tunable control
over the kinetic rates of individual enzyme-catalyzed reactions and
makes a programmable linkage of enzymes to a wide range of network
topologies feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Teders
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr A Pogodaev
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn Bojanov
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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89
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Cecchini C, Pannilunghi S, Tardy S, Scapozza L. From Conception to Development: Investigating PROTACs Features for Improved Cell Permeability and Successful Protein Degradation. Front Chem 2021; 9:672267. [PMID: 33959589 PMCID: PMC8093871 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.672267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional degraders that specifically eliminate targeted proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This modality has emerged as an orthogonal approach to the use of small-molecule inhibitors for knocking down classic targets and disease-related proteins classified, until now, as "undruggable." In early 2019, the first targeted protein degraders reached the clinic, drawing attention to PROTACs as one of the most appealing technology in the drug discovery landscape. Despite these promising results, PROTACs are often affected by poor cellular permeability due to their high molecular weight (MW) and large exposed polar surface area (PSA). Herein, we report a comprehensive record of PROTAC design, pharmacology and thermodynamic challenges and solutions, as well as some of the available strategies to enhance cellular uptake, including suggestions of promising biological tools for the in vitro evaluation of PROTACs permeability toward successful protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Cecchini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry/Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Pannilunghi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry/Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Tardy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry/Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry/Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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90
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Stability of Antimicrobial Drug Molecules in Different Gravitational and Radiation Conditions in View of Applications during Outer Space Missions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082221. [PMID: 33921448 PMCID: PMC8069917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of different antimicrobial drugs in terrestrial, microgravity and hypergravity conditions is presented within this review, in connection with their implementation during human space exploration. Drug stability is of utmost importance for applications in outer space. Instabilities may be radiation-induced or micro-/hypergravity produced. The antimicrobial agents used in space may have diminished effects not only due to the microgravity-induced weakened immune response of astronauts, but also due to the gravity and radiation-altered pathogens. In this context, the paper provides schemes and procedures to find reliable ways of fighting multiple drug resistance acquired by microorganisms. It shows that the role of multipurpose medicines modified at the molecular scale by optical methods in long-term space missions should be considered in more detail. Solutions to maintain drug stability, even in extreme environmental conditions, are also discussed, such as those that would be encountered during long-duration space exploratory missions. While the microgravity conditions may not be avoided in space, the suggested approaches deal with the radiation-induced modifications in humans, bacteria and medicines onboard, which may be fought by novel pharmaceutical formulation strategies along with radioprotective packaging and storage.
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91
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Maneiro M, De Vita E, Conole D, Kounde CS, Zhang Q, Tate EW. PROTACs, molecular glues and bifunctionals from bench to bedside: Unlocking the clinical potential of catalytic drugs. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:67-190. [PMID: 34147206 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of currently marketed drugs rely on small molecules with an 'occupancy-driven' mechanism of action (MOA). Therefore, the efficacy of these therapeutics depends on a high degree of target engagement, which often requires high dosages and enhanced drug exposure at the target site, thus increasing the risk of off-target toxicities (Churcher, 2018 [1]). Although small molecule drugs have been successfully used as treatments for decades, tackling a variety of disease-relevant targets with a defined binding site, many relevant therapeutic targets remain challenging to drug due, for example, to lack of well-defined binding pockets or large protein-protein interaction (PPI) interfaces which resist interference (Dang et al., 2017 [2]). In the quest for alternative therapeutic approaches to address different pathologies and achieve enhanced efficacy with reduced side effects, ligand-induced targeted protein degradation (TPD) has gained the attention of many research groups both in academia and in industry in the last two decades. This therapeutic modality represents a novel paradigm compared to conventional small-molecule inhibitors. To pursue this strategy, heterobifunctional small molecule degraders, termed PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have been devised to artificially redirect a protein of interest (POI) to the cellular protein homeostasis machinery for proteasomal degradation (Chamberlain et al., 2019 [3]). In this chapter, the development of PROTACs will first be discussed providing a historical perspective in parallel to the experimental progress made to understand this novel therapeutic modality. Furthermore, common strategies for PROTAC design, including assays and troubleshooting tips will be provided for the reader, before presenting a compendium of all PROTAC targets reported in the literature to date. Due to the recent advancement of these molecules into clinical trials, consideration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties will be introduced, together with the biotech landscape that has developed from the success of PROTACs. Finally, an overview of subsequent strategies for targeted protein degradation will be presented, concluding with further scientific quests triggered by the invention of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C S Kounde
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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92
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Hammers MD, Hodny MH, Bader TK, Mahmoodi MM, Fang S, Fenton AD, Nurie K, Trial HO, Xu F, Healy AT, Ball ZT, Blank DA, Distefano MD. Two-photon uncaging of bioactive thiols in live cells at wavelengths above 800 nm. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2213-2223. [PMID: 33349821 PMCID: PMC8437107 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for a broad range of applications ranging from biology to materials science. In chemical biology, induction of biological processes via photoactivation is a powerful strategy for achieving spatiotemporal control. The importance of cysteine, glutathione, and other bioactive thiols in regulating protein structure/activity and cell redox homeostasis makes modulation of thiol activity particularly useful. One major objective for enhancing the utility of photoactivatable protecting groups (PPGs) in living systems is creating PPGs with longer wavelength absorption maxima and efficient two-photon (TP) absorption. Toward these objectives, we developed a carboxyl- and dimethylamine-functionalized nitrodibenzofuran PPG scaffold (cDMA-NDBF) for thiol photoactivation, which has a bathochromic shift in the one-photon absorption maximum from λmax = 315 nm with the unfunctionalized NDBF scaffold to λmax = 445 nm. While cDMA-NDBF-protected thiols are stable in the presence of UV irradiation, they undergo efficient broad-spectrum TP photolysis at wavelengths as long as 900 nm. To demonstrate the wavelength orthogonality of cDMA-NDBF and NDBF photolysis in a biological setting, caged farnesyltransferase enzyme inhibitors (FTI) were prepared and selectively photoactivated in live cells using 850-900 nm TP light for cDMA-NDBF-FTI and 300 nm UV light for NDBF-FTI. These experiments represent the first demonstration of thiol photoactivation at wavelengths above 800 nm. Consequently, cDMA-NDBF-caged thiols should have broad applicability in a wide range of experiments in chemical biology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hammers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michael H Hodny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Taysir K Bader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - M Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sifei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Alexander D Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kadiro Nurie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hallie O Trial
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Andrew T Healy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - David A Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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93
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Xiang Z, Chu C, Xie H, Xiang T, Zhou S. Multifunctional Thermoplastic Polyurea Based on the Synergy of Dynamic Disulfide Bonds and Hydrogen Bond Cross-Links. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1463-1473. [PMID: 33382585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrating the self-healing property with the shape-memory effect is a strategy that extends the service lifetime of shape-memory materials. However, this strategy is inadequate to reshape and recycle through the self-healing property or liquid-state remoldability. For more types of damage, solid-state plasticity is needed as a complementary mechanism to broaden the reprocessing channels of smart materials. In this study, multifunctional thermoplastic polyureas cross-linked by urea hydrogen bonds are prepared, which possess the multipathway remodeling property. The shape transition can be triggered after heating above 65 °C. The synergistic effect of dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds causes the thermoplastic polyureas to possess characteristics similar to those of associative covalent adaptable networks. Thus, the polyureas can repair the damage or reconfigure the shape at 75 °C in 15 min by solid-state plasticity, instead of going into a viscous flow state. Soft grippers with various shapes are prepared by integration of solid-state plasticity, and the structure and function of the grippers can be repaired. The integration of solid-state plasticity and the self-healing property broadens the paths of shape-memory polymers in recyclability and reshapability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Chengzhen Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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94
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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95
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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96
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Huang Z, Li Z, Zhang X, Kang S, Dong R, Sun L, Fu X, Vaisar D, Watanabe K, Gu L. Creating Red Light-Switchable Protein Dimerization Systems as Genetically Encoded Actuators with High Specificity. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3322-3333. [PMID: 33179507 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein dimerization systems controlled by red light with increased tissue penetration depth are a highly needed tool for clinical applications such as cell and gene therapies. However, mammalian applications of existing red light-induced dimerization systems are hampered by limitations of their two components: a photosensory protein (or photoreceptor) which often requires a mammalian exogenous chromophore and a naturally occurring photoreceptor binding protein typically having a complex structure and nonideal binding properties. Here, we introduce an efficient, generalizable method (COMBINES-LID) for creating highly specific, reversible light-induced heterodimerization systems independent of any existing binders to a photoreceptor. It involves a two-step binder screen (phage display and yeast two-hybrid) of a combinatorial nanobody library to obtain binders that selectively engage a light-activated form of a photoswitchable protein or domain not the dark form. Proof-of-principle was provided by engineering nanobody-based, red light-induced dimerization (nanoReD) systems comprising a truncated bacterial phytochrome sensory module using a mammalian endogenous chromophore, biliverdin, and light-form specific nanobodies. Selected nanoReD systems were biochemically characterized, exhibiting low dark activity and high induction specificity, and further demonstrated for the reversible control of protein translocation and activation of gene expression in mice. Overall, COMBINES-LID opens new opportunities for creating genetically encoded actuators for the optical manipulation of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zengpeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Centre for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shoukai Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Runze Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaonan Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Vaisar
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kurumi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Liangcai Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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97
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Yamano Y, Murayama K, Asanuma H. Dual Crosslinking Photo‐Switches for Orthogonal Photo‐Control of Hybridization Between Serinol Nucleic Acid and RNA. Chemistry 2020; 27:4599-4604. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuhei Yamano
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464–8603 Japan
| | - Keiji Murayama
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464–8603 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464–8603 Japan
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98
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López-Corrales M, Rovira A, Gandioso A, Bosch M, Nonell S, Marchán V. Transformation of COUPY Fluorophores into a Novel Class of Visible-Light-Cleavable Photolabile Protecting Groups. Chemistry 2020; 26:16222-16227. [PMID: 32530072 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) have found widespread applications in several fields of chemistry, biology and materials science, there is a growing interest in expanding the photochemical toolbox to overcome some of the limitations of classical caging groups. In this work, the synthesis of a new class of visible-light-sensitive PPGs based on low-molecular weight COUPY fluorophores with several attractive properties, including long-wavelength absorption, is reported. Besides being stable to spontaneous hydrolysis in the dark, COUPY-based PPGs can be efficiently photoactivated with yellow (560 nm) and red light (620 nm) under physiological-like conditions, thereby offering the possibility of unmasking functional groups from COUPY photocages under irradiation conditions in which other PPGs remain stable. Additionally, COUPY photocages exhibit excellent cellular uptake and accumulate selectively in mitochondria, opening the door to the delivery of caged analogues of biologically active compounds into these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Corrales
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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99
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Sharma V, Rana R, Baksi R, Borse SP, Nivsarkar M. Light-controlled calcium signalling in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Identifying ways to reduce the burden of prostate cancer (Pca) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a top research priority. It is a typical entanglement seen in men which is portrayed by trouble in micturition. It stands as a significant problem in our society. Different molecular biomarker has high potential to treat Pca or BPH but also causes serious side effects during treatment.
Main text
The role of calcium signalling in the alteration of different biomarkers of Pca or BPH is important. Therefore, the photoswitch drugs may hold the potential to rebalance the altered calcium signaling cascade and the biomarker levels. Thereby play a significant role in the management of Pca and BPH. Online literature searches such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were carried out. The search terms used for this review were photo-pharmacology, photo-switch drug, photodynamic therapy, calcium signalling, etc. Present treatment of Pca or BPH shows absence of selectivity and explicitness which may additionally result in side effects. The new condition of the calcium flagging may offer promising outcomes in restoring the present issues related with prostate malignancy and BPH treatment.
Conclusion
The light-switching calcium channel blockers aim to solve this issue by incorporating photo-switchable calcium channel blockers that may control the signalling pathway related to proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer without any side effects.
Graphical abstract
Schematic diagram explaining the proposed role of photo-switch therapy in curbing the side effects of active drugs in Pca (prostate cancer) and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). a) Delivery of medication by ordinary strategies and irreversible phototherapy causes side effects during treatment. Utilization of photo-switch drug to control the dynamic and inert condition of the medication can cause the medication impacts as we required in prostate cancer and BPH. b) Support of harmony between the calcium signaling is essential to guarantee ordinary physiology. Increment or abatement in the dimensions of calcium signaling can result in changed physiology. c) Major factors involved in the pathogenesis of BPH; downregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) can prevent BPH. Similarly, downregulation of α-1 adrenoceptor can reduce muscle contraction, while overexpression of β-3 adrenoceptor in BPH can promote further muscle relaxation in BPH treatment therapy. Inhibition of overexpressed biomarkers in BPH TRPM2-1: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1; TRPM2-2: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2; Androgens; CXCL5: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5; TGFβ-1: transforming growth factor β-1; TXA2; thromboxane-2; NMDA: N-methyl-d-aspartate can be the potential target in BPH therapy.
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100
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Kounde CS, Tate EW. Photoactive Bifunctional Degraders: Precision Tools To Regulate Protein Stability. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15483-15493. [PMID: 33226810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation with bifunctional degraders is positioned as a remarkable game-changing strategy to control cellular protein levels and promises a new therapeutic modality in drug discovery. Light activation of a degrader to achieve exquisite spatiotemporal control over protein stability in cells has attracted the interest of multiple research groups, with recent reports demonstrating optical control of proteolysis with chimeric molecules bearing photolabile or photoswitchable motifs. In this context of targeted proteolysis research spurring the emergence of innovative tools, we examine the design, synthesis, and properties of light-activated degraders. The significant impact of this approach in regulating disease-relevant protein levels in a light-dependent manner is highlighted with key examples, and future developments to fully harness the potential of light-induced protein degradation with photoactive bifunctional molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille S Kounde
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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