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Jiang W, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zhu X, Liu H, Sun B. Efficient and robust dual modes of fluorescence sensing and smartphone readout for the detection of pyrethroids using artificial receptors bound inside a covalent organic framework. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113582. [PMID: 34461567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the study, we have developed an efficient and robust method using dual modes of fluorescence sensing and smartphone readout for the detection of pyrethroids using artificial receptors inside a covalent organic framework. Carbazole-conjugated frameworks (CCFs) were used to prepare efficient fluorescent probes that combine stability with light-emitting activity. CN linkages between aldehydes and amines formed Schiff bases, allowing the development of layered structures, creating exceptionally stable frameworks. Artificial receptors that can bind compounds inside the CCFs with high affinity, for both the detection and absorption of λ-cyhalothrin (LC), were constructed using room-temperature reverse microemulsion polymerization. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence sensing correlation with the concentration of LC showed good linearity in the range of 0.8-175 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.368 μg L-1. The smartphone-based visible readout exhibited a good effect, with a detection limit of 4.067 μg L-1, and recovery of 88 %-103% in food samples. A parallel analysis in food samples was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography, the results showed good consistency, indicating the practicability of the developed method. Dual mode analysis can avoid the disadvantages of a single response, providing excellent sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency through a strong binding force between the target and the artificial receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianwei Zhang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuecheng Zhu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
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52
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Meng Z, Mirica KA. Covalent organic frameworks as multifunctional materials for chemical detection. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13498-13558. [PMID: 34787136 PMCID: PMC9264329 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00600b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection of chemical and biological analytes is critical in various scientific and technological fields. As an emerging class of multifunctional materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with their unique properties of chemical modularity, large surface area, high stability, low density, and tunable pore sizes and functionalities, which together define their programmable properties, show promise in advancing chemical detection. This review demonstrates the recent progress in chemical detection where COFs constitute an integral component of the achieved function. This review highlights how the unique properties of COFs can be harnessed to develop different types of chemical detection systems based on the principles of chromism, luminescence, electrical transduction, chromatography, spectrometry, and others to achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of various analytes, ranging from gases, volatiles, ions, to biomolecules. The key parameters of detection performance for target analytes are summarized, compared, and analyzed from the perspective of the detection mechanism and structure-property-performance correlations of COFs. Conclusions summarize the current accomplishments and analyze the challenges and limitations that exist for chemical detection under different mechanisms. Perspectives on how future directions of research can advance the COF-based chemical detection through innovation in novel COF design and synthesis, progress in device fabrication, and exploration of novel modes of detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, 41 College Street, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, 41 College Street, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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53
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Barisci S, Suri R. Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:3442-3468. [PMID: 34928819 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS-containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Barisci
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Temple University, 1947 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA E-mail:
| | - Rominder Suri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Temple University, 1947 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA E-mail:
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54
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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55
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Xun S, Li H, Sini G, Bredas JL. Impact of Imine Bond Orientations on the Geometric and Electronic Structures of Imine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3781-3789. [PMID: 34624932 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts are currently devoted to improving the stability and crystallinity of imine-based two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) given their wide range of potential applications. The variation in the relative orientations of the imine bonds has been found to be a critical factor that impacts the stacking of the 2D COF layers, leads to the formation of isomer structures, and influences the crystallinity of the final product. Most investigations to date have focused only on the structural properties, while the role of the imine orientations on the electronic properties has not been studied systematically. Here, we explore this effect by examining how the electronic band structures, electronic couplings, and effective masses evolve when considering four isomeric structures of an imine-linked tetraphenyl-pyrene naphthalene-diimide COF. Our results provide an understanding of the impact of the imine orientations and how they need to be controlled to realize COF inter-layer stackings that can lead to efficient cross-plane electron transport. They can be used to guide the design and synthesis of imine-based COFs for applications where charge transport needs to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangni Xun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0008, USA
| | - Gjergji Sini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0008, USA.,Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95031, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0008, USA
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56
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High-performance adsorption of chromate by hydrazone-linked guanidinium-based ionic covalent organic frameworks: Selective ion exchange. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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57
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Li C, Yu G. Controllable Synthesis and Performance Modulation of 2D Covalent-Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100918. [PMID: 34288393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are especially interesting and unique as their highly ordered topological structures entirely built from plentiful π-conjugated units through covalent bonds. Arranging tailorable organic building blocks into periodically reticular skeleton bestows predictable lattices and various properties upon COFs in respect of topology diagrams, pore size, properties of channel wall interfaces, etc. Indeed, these peculiar features in terms of crystallinity, conjugation degree, and topology diagrams fundamentally decide the applications of COFs including heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, proton conduction, light emission, and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, this research field has attracted widespread attention and is of importance with a major breakthrough in recent year. However, this research field is running with the lack of summaries about tailorable construction of 2D COFs for targeted functionalities. This review first covers some crucial polymeric strategies of preparing COFs, containing boron ester condensation, amine-aldehyde condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, trimerization reaction, Suzuki CC coupling reaction, and hybrid polycondensation. Subsequently, a summary is made of some representative building blocks, and then underlines how the electronic and molecular structures of building blocks can strongly influence the functional performance of COFs. Finally, conclusion and perspectives on 2D COFs for further study are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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58
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Hamzehpoor E, Jonderian A, McCalla E, Perepichka DF. Synthesis of Boroxine and Dioxaborole Covalent Organic Frameworks via Transesterification and Metathesis of Pinacol Boronates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13274-13280. [PMID: 34428908 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boroxine and dioxaborole are the first and some of the most studied synthons of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Despite their wide application in the design of functional COFs over the last 15 years, their synthesis still relies on the original Yaghi's condensation of boronic acids (with itself or with polyfunctional catechols), some of which are difficult to prepare, poorly soluble, or unstable in the presence of water. Here, we propose a new synthetic approach to boroxine COFs (on the basis of the transesterification of pinacol aryl boronates (aryl-Bpins) with methyl boronic acid (MBA) and dioxaborole COFs (through the metathesis of pinacol boronates with MBA-protected catechols). The aryl-Bpin and MBA-protected catechols are easy to purify, highly soluble, and bench-stable. Furthermore, the kinetic analysis of the two model reactions reveals high reversibility (Keq ∼ 1) and facile control over the equilibrium. Unlike the conventional condensation, which forms water as a byproduct, the byproduct of the metathesis (MBA pinacolate) allows for easy kinetic measurements of the COF formation by conventional 1H NMR. We show the generality of this approach by the synthesis of seven known boroxine/dioxaborole COFs whose crystallinity is better or equal to those reported by conventional condensation. We also apply metathesis polymerization to obtain two new COFs, Py4THB and B2HHTP, whose synthesis was previously precluded by the insolubility and hydrolytic instability, respectively, of the boronic acid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Antranik Jonderian
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Eric McCalla
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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59
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Peng L, Guo Q, Song C, Ghosh S, Xu H, Wang L, Hu D, Shi L, Zhao L, Li Q, Sakurai T, Yan H, Seki S, Liu Y, Wei D. Ultra-fast single-crystal polymerization of large-sized covalent organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5077. [PMID: 34426571 PMCID: PMC8382702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In principle, polymerization tends to produce amorphous or poorly crystalline materials. Efficiently producing high-quality single crystals by polymerization in solvent remains as an unsolved issue in chemistry, especially for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with highly complex structures. To produce μm-sized single crystals, the growth time is prolonged to >15 days, far away from the requirements in practical applications. Here, we find supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) accelerates single-crystal polymerization by 10,000,000 folds, and produces two-dimensional (2D) COF single crystals with size up to 0.2 mm within 2~5 min. Although it is the fastest single-crystal polymerization, the growth in sc-CO2 leads to not only the largest crystal size of 2D COFs, but also higher quality with improved photoconductivity performance. This work overcomes traditional concept on low efficiency of single-crystal polymerization, and holds great promise for future applications owing to its efficiency, industrial compatibility, environmental friendliness and universality for different crystalline structures and linkage bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyu Song
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Huoshu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hugen Yan
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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60
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Ahmed I, Jhung SH. Covalent organic framework-based materials: Synthesis, modification, and application in environmental remediation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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61
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Covalent organic frameworks for fluorescent sensing: Recent developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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62
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Li J, Zhao B, Guo L, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wu Q. Synthesis of hypercrosslinked polymers for efficient solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462428. [PMID: 34329956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three novel hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) were synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reaction employing 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene as alkylating agent, and triphenylbenzene, tetraphenylethylene and p-quaterphenyl as the aromatic units, respectively. The prepared HCPs were applied as solid-phase microextraction coatings for direct immersion extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives in environmental water samples. The key factors affecting the extraction efficiency including extraction time, extraction temperature, stirring rate, ionic strength and desorption conditions, were carefully studied. Coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, a new method for determining PAHs and their derivatives was developed. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (the lowest concentration for quantification) of the method were in the range of 2.5-25.0 and 7.5-75.0 ng L-1, respectively. The recoveries of spiked samples were in the range of 73.1-118.3% with relative standard deviations less than 13.0%. The developed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of nine PAHs and their derivatives in environmental water samples, showing good accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Li
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Liying Guo
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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63
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Liao C, Liu S. Tuning the physicochemical properties of reticular covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6116-6128. [PMID: 34278394 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the first report by Yaghi's group in 2005, research enthusiasm has been increasingly raised to synthesize diverse crystalline porous materials as -B-O-, -C-N-, -C-C-, and -C-O- linkage-based COFs. Recently, the biomedical applications of COFs have become more and more attractive in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, antimicrobial, and therapeutic applications, as these materials bear well-defined crystalline porous structures and well-customized functionalities. However, the clinical translation of these research findings is challenging due to the formidable hindrances for in vivo use, such as low biocompatibility, poor selectivity, and long bio-persistence. Some attempts have raised a promising solution towards these obstacles by tailored engineering the functionalities of COFs. To speed up the clinical translations of COFs, a short review of principles and strategies to tune the physicochemical properties of COFs is timely and necessary. In this review, we summarized the biomedical utilities of COFs and discussed the related key physicochemical properties. To improve the performances of COFs in biomedical uses, we propose approaches for the tailored functionalization of COFs, including large-scale manufacture, standardization in nanomedicines, enhancing targeting efficacy, maintaining predesigned functions upon transformations, and manipulation of multifunctional COFs. We expect that this minireview strengthens the fundamental understandings of property-bioactivity relationships of COFs and provides insights for the rational design of their high-order reticular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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64
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Lin J, Zhong Y, Tang L, Wang L, Yang M, Xia H. Covalent organic frameworks: From materials design to electrochemical energy storage applications. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yiren Zhong
- Department of Chemistry Energy Sciences Institute Yale University Yale Connecticut USA
| | - Lingyu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Liuqi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
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65
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Li M, Liu J, Zhang T, Song X, Chen W, Chen L. 2D Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks for Supercapacitors: Design, Synthesis, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005073. [PMID: 33460246 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the tunable skeletons, variable pore environments, and predesignable structures, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be served as a versatile platform to tailor redox activities for efficient energy storage. Redox-active COFs with specific functional groups can not only promote high-speed mass transport in the permanently open channels, but also provide dense active sites for reversible redox reactions so as to efficiently adsorb the electrolyte ions, thus becoming emerging and promising electroactive materials. This review summarizes the design principles and synthetic methods of redox-active COFs, with a focus on surveying the representative advances in supercapacitors. The key progress, major challenges, and future directions in this promising field are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingjuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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66
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Bian G, Yin J, Zhu J. Recent Advances on Conductive 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006043. [PMID: 33624949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a burgeoning family of crystalline porous copolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) allow precise atomic insertion of organic components in the topology construction to form periodic networks and ordered nanopores. Their 2D networks bear great similarities to graphene analogs, and therefore are essential additions to the 2D family. Here, the electronic properties of conductive 2D-COFs are reviewed and their bonding strategies and structural characteristics are examined in detail. The controlling approaches toward the morphologies of conductive 2D-COFs are further explored, followed by a discussion of their applications in field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Finally, research challenges and forthcoming developments are projected. The resulting survey reveals that the extended porous 2D organic networks with conductive properties will provide great opportunities and essential innovations in various electronics and energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Li H, Chang J, Guan X, Tang L, Fang Q, Valtchev V, Yan Y, Qiu S. 3D Thioether-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective and Efficient Mercury Removal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006112. [PMID: 33605083 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing functionalized 3D covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) is critical to broaden their potential applications. However, the introduction of specific functionality in 3D COFs remains a great challenge because most of the functional groups are not compatible with the synthesis conditions. Herein, for the first time 3D thioether-based COFs (JUC-570 and JUC-571) for mercury (Hg2+ ) removal from aqueous solution is reported. These 3D thioether-based COFs prepared by the bottom-up approach display high Hg2+ uptakes (972 mg g-1 for JUC-570 and 970 mg g-1 for JUC-571 at pH = 5), fast adsorption kinetics (distribution coefficient Kd value of 2.29 × 107 mL g-1 for JUC-570 and 2.07 × 107 mL g-1 for JUC-571), and favorable selectivity. In particular, JUC-570 is periodically decorated with isopropyl groups around imine bonds that markedly improve its chemical stability and effectively prevent the pore collapse, and thus endows high Hg2+ adsorption capacity (619 mg g-1 ) and excellent cycle performance even at pH = 1. This study not only puts forward a new route to construct stable functionalized 3D COFs, but also promotes their potential applications in areas related to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lingxue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, P. R. China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Marechal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Zhang G, Zeng Y, Gordiichuk P, Strano MS. Chemical kinetic mechanisms and scaling of two-dimensional polymers via irreversible solution-phase reactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:194901. [PMID: 34240902 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) polymers are extended networks of multi-functional repeating units that are covalently linked together but confined to a single plane. The past decade has witnessed a surge in interest and effort toward producing and utilizing 2D polymers. However, facile synthesis schemes suitable for mass production are yet to be realized. In addition, unifying theories to describe the 2D polymerization process, such as those for linear polymers, have not yet been established. Herein, we perform a chemical kinetic simulation to study the recent synthesis of 2D polymers in homogeneous solution with irreversible chemistry. We show that reaction sites for polymerization in 2D always scale unfavorably compared to 3D, growing as molecular weight to the 1/2 power vs 2/3 power for 3D. However, certain mechanisms can effectively suppress out-of-plane defect formation and subsequent 3D growth. We consider two such mechanisms, which we call bond-planarity and templated autocatalysis. In the first, although single bonds can easily rotate out-of-plane to render polymerization in 3D, some double-bond linkages prefer a planar configuration. In the second mechanism, stacked 2D plates may act as van der Waals templates for each other to enhance growth, which leads to an autocatalysis. When linkage reactions possess a 1000:1 selectivity (γ) for staying in plane vs rotating, solution-synthesized 2D polymers can have comparable size and yield with those synthesized from confined polymerization on a surface. Autocatalysis could achieve similar effects when self-templating accelerates 2D growth by a factor β of 106. A combined strategy relaxes the requirement of both mechanisms by over one order of magnitude. We map the dependence of molecular weight and yield for the 2D polymer on the reaction parameters, allowing experimental results to be used to estimate β and γ. Our calculations show for the first time from theory the feasibility of producing two-dimensional polymers from irreversible polymerization in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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70
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Zhao C, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhu P, Yu J, Zhang Y. Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films as Cathodic Materials for "On-Off-On" Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Lead Ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20397-20404. [PMID: 33881299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, which could effectively reduce background interference, are urgently required for ultrasensitive environmental monitoring. Herein, porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (TAPP-COF) thin films were fabricated via a bottom-up growth approach on the liquid/liquid interface and applied as a photocathode material to "on-off-on" PEC sensing of Pb2+. Benefitting from the unique charge channels of COFs and the good photoelectric properties of porphyrin, the as-prepared TAPP-COF thin films presented an improved photocathodic current, with a strongly enhanced "signal-on" response with low background. Then, CdSe@SiO2 quantum dots (QDs), as a quenching agent, were introduced through a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to obtain a "signal off" PEC response. Afterward, with the introduction of target Pb2+, CdSe@SiO2 QDs were detached from TAPP-COF thin films, and the PEC response transformed into a signal-on state. Benefiting from the multiple-quenching and steric hindrance effect of CdSe@SiO2 QDs and the photocathodic property of TAPP-COFs, accurate monitoring of Pb2+ in a wide detection range from 0.05 to 1000 nM with a lower detection limit of 0.012 nM was realized based on the proposed on-off-on PEC approach. Notably, the methodology provides an efficient platform for ultrasensitive determination of heavy metal ions, which would play a significant role in environmental monitoring and public safety fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Letao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Peihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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71
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Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Molecular Platform for Designer Polymeric Architectures and Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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72
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Borgmans S, Rogge SMJ, De Vos JS, Stevens CV, Van Der Voort P, Van Speybroeck V. Quantifying the Likelihood of Structural Models through a Dynamically Enhanced Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Protocol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Borgmans
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM) Ghent University Technologiepark 46 9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Sven M. J. Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM) Ghent University Technologiepark 46 9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Juul S. De Vos
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM) Ghent University Technologiepark 46 9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC) Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S3) 9000 Gent Belgium
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73
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Borgmans S, Rogge SMJ, De Vos JS, Stevens CV, Van Der Voort P, Van Speybroeck V. Quantifying the Likelihood of Structural Models through a Dynamically Enhanced Powder X-Ray Diffraction Protocol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8913-8922. [PMID: 33493379 PMCID: PMC8048908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structurally characterizing new materials is tremendously challenging, especially when single crystal structures are hardly available which is often the case for covalent organic frameworks. Yet, knowledge of the atomic structure is key to establish structure-function relations and enable functional material design. Herein, a new protocol is proposed to unambiguously predict the structure of poorly crystalline materials through a likelihood ordering based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Key of the procedure is the broad set of structures generated from a limited number of building blocks and topologies, which is submitted to operando structural characterization. The dynamic averaging in the latter accounts for the operando conditions and inherent temporal character of experimental measurements, yielding unparalleled agreement with experimental powder XRD patterns. The proposed concept can hence unquestionably identify the structure of experimentally synthesized materials, a crucial step to design next generation functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Borgmans
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 469052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Sven M. J. Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 469052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Juul S. De Vos
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 469052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Research Group SynBioCDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCampus Coupure, Coupure Links 6539000GentBelgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC)Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 (S3)9000GentBelgium
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74
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75
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Bai B, Wang D, Wan LJ. Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework Films at Interfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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76
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Donor-acceptor 2D covalent organic frameworks for efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic α-oxyamination. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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77
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Fritz PW, Coskun A. The Prospect of Dimensionality in Porous Semiconductors. Chemistry 2021; 27:7489-7501. [PMID: 33493354 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of silicon-based semiconductors, a plethora of previously unknown technologies became possible. The development of lightweight low-dimensional organic semiconductors followed soon after. However, the efficient charge/electron transfers enabled by the non-porous 3D structure of silicon is rather challenging to be realized by their (metal-)organic counterparts. Nevertheless, the demand for lighter, more efficient semiconductors is steadily increasing resulting in a growing interest in (metal-)organic semiconductors. These novel materials are faced with a variety of challenges originating from their chemical design, their packing and crystallinity. Although the effect of molecular design is quite well understood, the influence of dimensionality and the associated change in properties (porosity, packing, conjugation) is still an uncharted area in (metal-)organic semiconductors, yet highly important for their practical utilization. In this Minireview, an overview on the design and synthesis of porous semiconductors, with a particular emphasis on organic semiconductors, is presented and the influence of dimensionality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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78
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Daelemans B, Bilbao N, Dehaen W, De Feyter S. Carbocatalysis with pristine graphite: on-surface nanochemistry assists solution-based catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2280-2296. [PMID: 33404567 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocatalysis holds a privileged position as a sustainable alternative to metal-based catalysis. While the focus in solution-based catalytic processes generally lies on how the heterogeneous catalyst affects the solution composition, more attention has recently been given to the analysis of the carbon material itself. Various outstanding surface characterisation techniques, efficient in assessing the catalyst on-surface composition, are now available. These include high-resolution imaging tools such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), capable of bringing new insights into the processes determining rate and selectivity effects induced by carbocatalysts. In this regard, the use of self-assembly on graphite as a strategy to direct the outcome of chemical reactions has already shown great potential. This promising approach gives the scientific community the exciting prospect of rationalising selectivity in carbocatalysis with pristine graphite by linking in-solution and on-surface composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Daelemans
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nerea Bilbao
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Wang SS, Liu YR, Yu X, Zhou Y, Zhong TT, Li YT, Xie LH, Huang W. Supramolecular Non-Helical One-Dimensional Channels and Microtubes Assembled from Enantiomers of Difluorenol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3979-3983. [PMID: 33185005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and assembly of photoelectro-active molecular channel structures is of great importance because of their advantages in charge mobility, photo-induced electron transfer, proton conduction, and exciton transport. Herein, we report the use of racemic 9,9'-diphenyl-[2,2'-bifluorene]-9,9'-diol (DPFOH) enantiomers to produce non-helical 1D channel structures. Although the individual molecule does not present any molecular symmetry, two pairs of racemic DPFOH enantiomers can form a C2 -symmetric closed loop via the stereoscopic herringbone assembly. Thanks to the special symmetry derived from the enantiomer pairs, the multiple supramolecular interactions, and the padding from solvent molecules, this conventionally unstable topological structure is achieved. The etching of solvent in 1D channels leads to the formation of microtubes, which exhibit a significant lithium-ion conductivity of 1.77×10-4 S cm, indicating the potential research value of this novel 1D channel structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Ran Liu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao-Tao Zhong
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue-Tian Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
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80
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van der Jagt R, Vasileiadis A, Veldhuizen H, Shao P, Feng X, Ganapathy S, Habisreutinger NC, van der Veen MA, Wang C, Wagemaker M, van der Zwaag S, Nagai A. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture and (Aqueous) Sodium-Ion Batteries. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:818-833. [PMID: 33603278 PMCID: PMC7879495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging material family having several potential applications. Their porous framework and redox-active centers enable gas/ion adsorption, allowing them to function as safe, cheap, and tunable electrode materials in next-generation batteries, as well as CO2 adsorption materials for carbon-capture applications. Herein, we develop four polyimide COFs by combining aromatic triamines with aromatic dianhydrides and provide detailed structural and electrochemical characterization. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and powder X-ray diffraction, we achieve a detailed structural characterization, where DFT calculations reveal that the imide bonds prefer to form at an angle with one another, breaking the 2D symmetry, which shrinks the pore width and elongates the pore walls. The eclipsed perpendicular stacking is preferable, while sliding of the COF sheets is energetically accessible in a relatively flat energy landscape with a few metastable regions. We investigate the potential use of these COFs in CO2 adsorption and electrochemical applications. The adsorption and electrochemical properties are related to the structural and chemical characteristics of each COF, giving new insights for advanced material designs. For CO2 adsorption specifically, the two best performing COFs originated from the same triamine building block, which-in combination with force-field calculations-revealed unexpected structure-property relationships. Specific geometries provide a useful framework for Na-ion intercalation with retainable capacities and stable cycle life at a relatively high working potential (>1.5 V vs Na/Na+). Although this capacity is low compared to conventional inorganic Li-ion materials, we show as a proof of principle that these COFs are especially promising for sustainable, safe, and stable Na-aqueous batteries due to the combination of their working potentials and their insoluble nature in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco van der Jagt
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Vasileiadis
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Veldhuizen
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas C. Habisreutinger
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A. van der Veen
- Catalysis
Engineering, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9 1, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Wang
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
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81
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Yang S, Streater D, Fiankor C, Zhang J, Huang J. Conjugation- and Aggregation-Directed Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks as White-Light-Emitting Diodes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1061-1068. [PMID: 33393281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a promising class of organic luminescent materials due to their structural diversity, which allows the systematic tuning of organic building blocks to optimize emitting properties. However, a significant knowledge gap exists between the design strategy and the fundamental understanding of the key structural parameters that determine their photophysical properties. In this work, we report two highly emissive sp2-C-COFs and the direct correlation of the structure (conjugation and aggregation) with their light absorption/emission, charge transfer (CT), and exciton dynamics, the key properties that determine their function as luminescent materials. We show that white light can be obtained by simply coating COFs on an LED strip or mixing the two COFs. Using the combination of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as computational prediction, we show that the planarity, conjugation, orientation of the dipole moment, and interlayer aggregation not only determine the light-harvesting ability of COFs but also control the exciton relaxation pathway and photoluminescent quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Daniel Streater
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Christian Fiankor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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82
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Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Xie S, He T, Lu Z, Yang H, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:120-242. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating organic units into periodically ordered yet extended 2D and 3D polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices and built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores.
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83
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Anbazhagan R, Krishnamoorthi R, Kumaresan S, Tsai HC. Thioether-terminated triazole-bridged covalent organic framework for dual-sensitive drug delivery application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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84
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Frey L, Jarju JJ, Salonen LM, Medina DD. Boronic-acid-derived covalent organic frameworks: from synthesis to applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modular, well-defined, and robust hierarchical functional materials are targets of numerous synthesis endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jenni J. Jarju
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M. Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dana D. Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
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85
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Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials constructed from molecular building blocks using diverse linkage chemistries. The image illustrates electron transfer in a COF-based donor–acceptor system. Image by Nanosystems Initiative Munich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)
- University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)
- University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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86
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Wang S, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhou Y, Zhong T, Li Y, Xie L, Huang W. Supramolecular Non‐Helical One‐Dimensional Channels and Microtubes Assembled from Enantiomers of Difluorenol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha‐Sha Wang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi‐Ran Liu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Tao‐Tao Zhong
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue‐Tian Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ling‐Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 Shaanxi China
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87
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Schneemann A, Dong R, Schwotzer F, Zhong H, Senkovska I, Feng X, Kaskel S. 2D framework materials for energy applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1600-1619. [PMID: 34163921 PMCID: PMC8179301 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years a massive increase in publications on conventional 2D materials (graphene, h-BN, MoS2) is documented, accompanied by the transfer of the 2D concept to porous (crystalline) materials, such as ordered 2D layered polymers, covalent-organic frameworks, and metal-organic frameworks. Over the years, the 3D frameworks have gained a lot of attention for use in applications, ranging from electronic devices to catalysis, and from information to separation technologies, mostly due to the modular construction concept and exceptionally high porosity. A key challenge lies in the implementation of these materials into devices arising from the deliberate manipulation of properties upon delamination of their layered counterparts, including an increase in surface area, higher diffusivity, better access to surface sites and a change in the band structure. Within this minireview, we would like to highlight recent achievements in the synthesis of 2D framework materials and their advantages for certain applications, and give some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schneemann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Friedrich Schwotzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
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88
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Yang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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89
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Das K, Yan T, Paul S, Qiu S, Ben T, Roy S. Self-Assembly and Cascade Catalysis by a Soft-Oxometalate (SOM) System. Front Chem 2020; 8:601814. [PMID: 33330395 PMCID: PMC7729020 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.601814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascade catalysis has gained importance due to its various applications. In this work, cascade catalysis was performed using a self-assembled soft-oxometalate (SOM) as a model system. At first, we synthesized an oxometalate (OM) hybrid with a polymerizable organic cation, namely tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane, and an OM, K8[SiW11O39]. The hybrid in turn was converted into SOM in water, DMSO mixture, and characterized by different techniques, ranging from electron microscopy to DLS. The SOM state is endowed with the ability to polymerize the aniline based counter ions associated with it in the presence of UV-light. This polymerization is possible due to the presence of photocatalytic OMs (oxometalates) in the SOMs. The polymer-SOM hybrid in cascade oxidizes selectively aniline to nitrobenzene and nitrite to nitrate owing to the residual oxidizing property of the OM constituents in it. This is the first example of cascade catalysis in SOM chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Das
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shounik Paul
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Teng Ben
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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90
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Zhu YL, Zhao HY, Fu CL, Li ZW, Sun ZY. A controlling parameter of topological defects in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22107-22115. [PMID: 33118587 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of covalent organic frameworks with long-range molecular ordering is an outstanding challenge due to the fact that defects against predesigned topological symmetries are prone to form and break crystallization. The physical origins and controlling parameters of topological defects remain scarcely understood. By virtue of molecular dynamics simulations, we found that pentagons for combination [C4 + C4] and [C4 + C2] and heptagons for [C3 + C3] and [C3 + C2] were initial defects for growth dynamics with both uncontrolled and suppressed nucleation, further inducing more complex defects. The defects can be significantly reduced by achieving the growth with monomers added to a single nucleus, agreeing well with previous simulations and experiments. To understand the nature of defects, we proposed a parameter φ to describe the range of biased rotational angle between two monomers, within which chemical reactions are allowed. The parameter φ shows a monotonic relationship with defect population, which is demonstrated to be highly computable by using density functional theory calculations. When φ < 20, we can even observe defect-free growth for the four combinations, irrespective of growth dynamics. The results are essential for screening and designing condensation reactions for the synthesis of single crystals of high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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91
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Advances in magnetic porous organic frameworks for analysis and adsorption applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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92
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Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two innovative classes of porous coordination polymers. MOFs are three-dimensional materials made up of secondary building blocks comprised of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands whereas COFs are 2D or 3D highly porous organic solids made up by light elements (i.e., H, B, C, N, O). Both MOFs and COFs, being highly conjugated scaffolds, are very promising as photoactive materials for applications in photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis because of their tunable electronic properties, high surface area, remarkable light and thermal stability, easy and relative low-cost synthesis, and structural versatility. These properties make them perfectly suitable for photovoltaic application: throughout this review, we summarize recent advances in the employment of both MOFs and COFs in emerging photovoltaics, namely dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) organic photovoltaic (OPV) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). MOFs are successfully implemented in DSSCs as photoanodic material or solid-state sensitizers and in PSCs mainly as hole or electron transporting materials. An innovative paradigm, in which the porous conductive polymer acts as standing-alone sensitized photoanode, is exploited too. Conversely, COFs are mostly implemented as photoactive material or as hole transporting material in PSCs.
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93
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94
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Zeng JY, Wang XS, Zhang XZ. Research Progress in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photoluminescent Materials. Chemistry 2020; 26:16568-16581. [PMID: 32320099 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging kind of crystalline porous polymers that present the precise integration of organic building blocks into extensible structures with regular pores and periodic skeletons. The diversity of organic units and covalent linkages makes COFs a rising materials platform for the design of structure and functionality. Herein, recent research progress in developing COFs for photoluminescent materials is summarised. Structural and functional design strategies are highlighted and fundamental problems that need to be solved are identified, in conjunction with potential applications from perspectives of photoluminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.,The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
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95
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Cao Y, Hu X, Zhu C, Zhou S, Li R, Shi H, Miao S, Vakili M, Wang W, Qi D. Sulfhydryl functionalized covalent organic framework as an efficient adsorbent for selective Pb (II) removal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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96
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Geng K, Arumugam V, Xu H, Gao Y, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: Polymer chemistry and functional design. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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97
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Flanders NC, Kirschner MS, Kim P, Fauvell TJ, Evans AM, Helweh W, Spencer AP, Schaller RD, Dichtel WR, Chen LX. Large Exciton Diffusion Coefficients in Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with Different Domain Sizes Revealed by Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14957-14965. [PMID: 32657123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Large singlet exciton diffusion lengths are a hallmark of high performance in organic-based devices such as photovoltaics, chemical sensors, and photodetectors. In this study, exciton dynamics of a two-dimensional covalent organic framework, 2D COF-5, is investigated using ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. After photoexcitation, the COF-5 exciton decays via three pathways: (1) excimer formation (4 ± 2 ps), (2) excimer relaxation (160 ± 40 ps), and (3) excimer decay (>3 ns). Excitation fluence-dependent transient absorption studies suggest that COF-5 has a relatively large diffusion coefficient (0.08 cm2/s). Furthermore, exciton-exciton annihilation processes are characterized as a function of COF-5 crystallite domain size in four different samples, which reveal domain-size-dependent exciton diffusion kinetics. These results reveal that exciton diffusion in COF-5 is constrained by its crystalline domain size. These insights indicate the outstanding promise of delocalized excitonic processes available in 2D COFs, which motivate their continued design and implementation into optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Flanders
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pyosang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J Fauvell
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Waleed Helweh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Austin P Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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98
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Li Z, He T, Gong Y, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Pore Design and Interface Engineering. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1672-1685. [PMID: 32786335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature evolves fascinating molecular pores to achieve unique biological functions based on a single pore or channel as observed for aquaporins and ion channels. An artificial system, on the other hand, explores porous structures to construct dense pores in materials. Progress in chemistry over the past century has greatly improved our capability to synthesize porous materials. This is evident by the advancement from inorganic to organic units, from trial-and-error tests to module fabrication and further to fully predesignable pores, and from harsh preparation protocols to ambient synthetic methods. Over the past 15 years, a molecular platform based on organic and polymer chemistry has been explored to enable the design of artificial pores to achieve different pore size, shape, wall, and interface. This becomes possible with a class of emerging polymer-covalent organic frameworks (COFs). COFs are a class of crystalline porous polymers that integrate organic units into extended molecular frameworks with periodically ordered skeletons and well-defined pores. We have focused on exploring COFs over the past 15 years to design and synthesize porous structures with the aim of developing chemistry that leads to the creation of tailor-made pore interfaces (Nagai, A. et al. Nat. Commun., 2011, 2, 536). In this Account, we summarize the general concept of our approaches to various pore interfaces by emphasizing design principle, synthetic strategy, and distinct porous features and their impacts. We illustrate pore interface design by highlighting general strategies based on direct polymerization and pore surface engineering to construct different pore walls with a diversity of functional units. One distinct feature is that these functional groups are predesigned and synthetically controlled to achieve a predetermined component, position, and density, leading to a general way to install various specific pore wall interfaces to each pore. We showcase hierarchical pore interface architectures by elucidating the nature of interplays between interfaces and molecules and ions, ranging broadly from hydrogen bond to dipole-dipole/quadrupole interactions, electrostatic interaction, acid-base interaction, coordination, and electronic interactions. We scrutinize the unique properties and functions of adsorption and separation, catalysis, energy transformation and storage, and proton and metal ion transport by disclosing functional design schemes and interface-function correlations. We predict the fundamental key issues to be addressed and show future directions in designing artificial pores to target at ultimate functions. This chemistry on pore interface engineering opens a way to porous materials that have remained challenging in the predesign of both structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Li
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ting He
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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99
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Wang L, Zhang YS, Jiang HR, Wang H. Carbonyl-Incorporated Aromatic Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers with Microporous Structure and Their Functional Materials for CO 2 Adsorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China
| | - Ying-shuang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hong-ru Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China
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100
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Arun Kumar S, Good J, Hendrix D, Yoo E, Kim D, Deo KA, Jhan YY, Gaharwar AK, Bishop CJ. Nanoengineered Light-Activatable Polybubbles for On-Demand Therapeutic Delivery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020. [PMID: 32774203 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine coverage is severely limited in developing countries due to inefficient protection of vaccine functionality as well as lack of patient compliance to receive the additional booster doses. Thus, there is an urgent need to design a thermostable vaccine delivery platform that also enables release of the bolus after predetermined time. Here, the formation of injectable and light-activatable polybubbles for vaccine delivery is reported. In vitro studies show that polybubbles enable delayed burst release, irrespective of cargo types, namely small molecule and antigen. The extracorporeal activation of polybubbles is achieved by incorporating near-infrared (NIR)-sensitive gold nanorods (AuNRs). Interestingly, light-activatable polybubbles can be used for on-demand burst release of cargo. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies demonstrate successful activation of AuNR-loaded polybubbles. Overall, the light-activatable polybubble technology can be used for on-demand delivery of various therapeutics including small molecule drugs, immunologically relevant protein, peptide antigens, and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreedevi Arun Kumar
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Jacob Good
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - David Hendrix
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center Kingsville TX 78363 USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center Kingsville TX 78363 USA
| | - Kaivalya A Deo
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Yong-Yu Jhan
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Material Science and Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Corey J Bishop
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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