51
|
Escorihuela J, Sedgwick DM, Llobat A, Medio-Simón M, Barrio P, Fustero S. Pauson-Khand reaction of fluorinated compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1662-1682. [PMID: 32733610 PMCID: PMC7372243 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR) is one of the key methods for the construction of cyclopentenone derivatives, which can in turn undergo diverse chemical transformations to yield more complex biologically active molecules. Despite the increasing availability of fluorinated building blocks and methodologies to incorporate fluorine in compounds with biological interest, there have been few significant advances focused on the fluoro-Pauson-Khand reaction, both in the inter- and intramolecular versions. Furthermore, the use of vinyl fluorides as olefinic counterparts had been completely overlooked. In this review, we collect the advances both on the stoichiometric and catalytic intermolecular and intramolecular fluoro-Pauson-Khand reaction, with special attention to the PKR of enynes containing a fluoride moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel M Sedgwick
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Llobat
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Medio-Simón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departmento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, Campus Universitario de El Cristo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yamaguchi A, Hanaoka H, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y. Selective synthesis of L-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-alpha-methylphenylalanine via copper-mediated 18 F-fluorination of (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salt. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:368-375. [PMID: 32221982 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
L-2-[18 F]fluoro-alpha-methylphenylalanine (2-[18 F]FAMP) is a promising amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, yet the low production yield of direct electrophilic radiofluorination with [18 F]F2 necessitates further optimization of the radiolabeling process. This paper describes a two-step preparation method for L-2-[18 F]fluoro-alpha-methylphenylalanine (2-[18 F]FAMP) starting from [18 F]fluoride. The (Mesityl)(L-alpha-methylphenylalanine)-2-iodonium tetrafluoroborate precursors with various protecting groups were prepared. The copper-mediated 18 F-fluorination of the iodonium salt precursors successfully produced 2-[18 F]FAMP. The highest radio chemical conversion of 57.6% was noted with N-Piv-protected (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salt in the presence of 5 equivalent of Cu (OTf)2 . Subsequent deprotection with 57% hydrogen iodide produced 2-[18 F]FAMP within 120 min in 21.4 ± 11.7% overall radiochemical yield with >95% radiochemical purity and an enantiomeric excess >99%. The obtained 2-[18 F]FAMP showed comparable biodistribution profiles in normal mice with that of the carrier-added 2-[18 F]FAMP. These results indicate that usefulness of copper mediated 18 F-fluorination for the production of 2-[18 F]FAMP, which would facilitate clinical translation of the promising tumor specific amino acid tracer. Individual facilities could adopt either production method based on radioactivity demand and equipment availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Yamaguchi
- Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kwon YD, Jeon MH, Park NK, Seo JK, Son J, Ryu YH, Hong SY, Chun JH. Synthesis of 18F-Labeled Aryl Fluorosulfates via Nucleophilic Radiofluorination. Org Lett 2020; 22:5511-5516. [PMID: 32589035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfuryl fluoride gas is a key reagent for SO2F transfer. However, conventional SO2F transfer reactions have limited 18F-radiochemistry translation, due to the inaccessibility of gaseous [18F]SO2F2. Herein, we report the first SO2F2-free synthesis of aryl [18F]fluorosulfates from both phenolic and isolated aryl imidazylate precursors with cyclotron-produced 18F-. The radiochemical yields ranged from moderate to good with excellent functional group tolerance. The reliability of our approach was validated by the automated radiosynthesis of 4-acetamidophenyl [18F]fluorosulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Park
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wright JS, Kaur T, Preshlock S, Tanzey SS, Winton WP, Sharninghausen LS, Wiesner N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:167-206. [PMID: 33748018 PMCID: PMC7968072 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C-18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, pre-clinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C-18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. CONCLUSIONS CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Wiesner
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Oh Y, Choi H, Lee S, Lee S. Toward the Robust Synthesis of [
18
F]F‐DOPA: Quantum Chemical Analysis of S
N
Ar Cold Fluorination of Diaryl Iodonium Salt by
19
F
−. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Ho Oh
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Choi
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Sik Lee
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Pees A, Windhorst AD, Vosjan MJWD, Tadino V, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of [18
F]Fluoroform with High Molar Activity. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Tadino
- ORA Neptis; Rue de la Gendarmerie 50/B 5600 Philippeville Belgium
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Niwa T, Hosoya T. Molecular Renovation Strategy for Expeditious Synthesis of Molecular Probes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Niwa
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Oh YH, Choi H, Park C, Kim DW, Lee S. Harnessing Ionic Interactions and Hydrogen Bonding for Nucleophilic Fluorination. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030721. [PMID: 32046021 PMCID: PMC7037423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent works for nucleophilic fluorination of organic compounds in which the Coulombic interactions between ionic species and/or hydrogen bonding affect the outcome of the reaction. SN2 fluorination of aliphatic compounds promoted by ionic liquids is first discussed, focusing on the mechanistic features for reaction using alkali metal fluorides. The influence of the interplay of ionic liquid cation, anion, nucleophile and counter-cation is treated in detail. The role of ionic liquid as bifunctional (both electrophilic and nucleophilic) activator is envisaged. We also review the SNAr fluorination of diaryliodonium salts from the same perspective. Nucleophilic fluorination of guanidine-containing of diaryliodonium salts, which are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the nucleophile, is exemplified as an excellent case where ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding significantly affect the efficiency of reaction. The origin of experimental observation for the strong dependence of fluorination yields on the positions of -Boc protection is understood in terms of the location of the nucleophile with respect to the reaction center, being either close to far from it. Recent advances in the synthesis of [18F]F-dopa are also cited in relation to SNAr fluorination of diaryliodonium salts. Discussions are made with a focus on tailor-making promoters and solvent engineering based on ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyoju Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-32-860-7679 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2698 (S.L.); Fax: +82-32-867-5604 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2340 (S.L.)
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-32-860-7679 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2698 (S.L.); Fax: +82-32-867-5604 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2340 (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Goud NS, Joshi RK, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Fluorine-18: A radionuclide with diverse range of radiochemistry and synthesis strategies for target based PET diagnosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
60
|
Jang KS, Lee SS, Oh YH, Lee SH, Kim SE, Kim DW, Lee BC, Lee S, Raffel DM. Control of reactivity and selectivity of guanidinyliodonium salts toward 18F-Labeling by monitoring of protecting groups: Experiment and theory. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
61
|
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Niwa
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR)
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR)
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Thompson S, Lee SJ, Jackson IM, Ichiishi N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Synthesis of [ 18F]-γ-fluoro-α,β,-unsaturated esters and ketones via vinylogous 18F-fluorination of α-diazoacetates with [ 18F]AgF. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2019; 51:4401-4407. [PMID: 32612311 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This communication reports a method for the vinylogous radiofluorination of α-diazoacetates to generate γ-[18F]fluoro-α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones in moderate to good radiochemical yields. The method uses no-carrier-added [18F]AgF and is compatible with aromatic and non-aromatic substrates and a number of different functional groups. The labeling method is showcased in the synthesis of a fluorinated 5-cholesten-3-one derivative as well as a difluorinated product pertinent to drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thompson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isaac M Jackson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hieu Tran V, Park H, Park J, Kwon YD, Kang S, Ho Jung J, Chang KA, Chul Lee B, Lee SY, Kang S, Kim HK. Synthesis and evaluation of novel potent TSPO PET ligands with 2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamide. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4069-4080. [PMID: 31353076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Translocator protein (TSPO) expression is closely related with neuroinflammation and neuronal damage which might cause several central nervous system diseases. Herein, a series of TSPO ligands (11a-c and 13a-d) with a 2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamide structure were prepared and evaluated via an in vitro binding assay. Most of the novel ligands exhibited a nano-molar affinity for TSPO, which was better than that of DPA-714. Particularly, 11a exhibited a subnano-molar TSPO binding affinity with suitable lipophilicity for in vivo brain studies. After radiolabeling with fluorine-18, [18F]11a was used for a dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) study in a rat LPS-induced neuroinflammation model; the inflammatory lesion was clearly visualized with a superior target-to-background ratio compared to [18F]DPA-714. An immunohistochemical examination of the dissected brains confirmed that the uptake location of [18F]11a in the PET study was consistent with a positively activated microglia region. This study proved that [18F]11a could be employed as a potential PET tracer for detecting neuroinflammation and could give possibility for diagnosis of other diseases, such as cancers related with TSPO expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Park
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinwoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Sadek O, Perrin DM, Gras E. Unsymmetrical diaryliodonium phenyltrifluoroborate salts: Synthesis, structure and fluorination. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
65
|
Wang J, Huang B, Gao Y, Yang C, Xia W. Direct C–H Multifluoroarylation of Ethers through Hydrogen Atom Transfer Using Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6895-6903. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, #30 Qingquan RD, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Lee SJ, Brooks AF, Ichiishi N, Makaravage KJ, Mossine AV, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. C-H 18F-fluorination of 8-methylquinolines with Ag[ 18F]F. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2976-2979. [PMID: 30778496 PMCID: PMC6556205 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a Pd-mediated C-H radiofluorination of 8-methylquinoline derivatives with no-carrier-added Ag[18F]F. To achieve this transformation, a new method was developed for the generation of Ag[18F]F using a sep-pak cartridge. The C-H radiofluorination was then optimized and applied to a series of substituted 8-methylquinoline derivatives. Finally, this method was fully automated using a radiochemistry synthesis module.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-iodo-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanoate. MOLBANK 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/m1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multistep gram-scale synthesis of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-iodo-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanoate (2) has been developed. The title compound was prepared starting from commercially available l-DOPA which was O- and N-protected before undergoing iodination by CF3CO2Ag/I2. The structure of the target compound was confirmed using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D (COSY, HSQC) NMR spectroscopy, as well as ESI-MS and HRMS.
Collapse
|
69
|
Zhang X, Basuli F, Swenson RE. An azeotropic drying-free approach for copper-mediated radiofluorination without addition of base. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:139-145. [PMID: 30644121 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper-mediated radiofluorination provides a quick and versatile approach for 18 F-labeling of arenes and heteroarenes. However, this method is known to be base sensitive, which has been a barrier for preparative scale radiosynthesis. In this report, we provide an approach for copper-mediated radiofluorination without azeotropic drying or adding a base. [18 F]Fluoride trapped on a PS-HCO3 Sep-Pak was quantitatively eluted with a solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DMAP·OTf) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The eluted solution was directly used for copper-mediated radiofluorination. Twelve boronic ester substrates were tested, yielding fluorinated products in 27% to 83% radiochemical yield based on HPLC analysis. This approach was successfully applied to the radiosynthesis of [18 F]flumazenil, a well-known positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging central benzodiazepine receptors, with a radiochemical yield of 47%. This highly efficient protocol significantly augments the powerful copper-mediated radiofluorination approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wu J, Zhao Q, Wilson TC, Verhoog S, Lu L, Gouverneur V, Shen Q. Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Cumyl Bromodifluoromethanesulfenate: Application to the Radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]ArylSCF 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2413-2417. [PMID: 30575245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A highly reactive electrophilic bromodifluoromethylthiolating reagent, α-cumyl bromodifluoro-methanesulfenate 1, was prepared to allow for direct bromodifluoromethylthiolation of aryl boron reagents. This coupling reaction takes place under copper catalysis, and affords a large range of bromodifluoromethylthiolated arenes. These compounds are amenable to various transformations including halogen exchange with [18 F]KF/K222 , a process giving access to [18 F]arylSCF3 in two steps from the corresponding aryl boronic pinacol esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qunchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Thomas C Wilson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Long Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Cumyl Bromodifluoromethanesulfenate: Application to the Radiosynthesis of [18
F]ArylSCF3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
72
|
Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Frost AB, Brambilla M, Exner RM, Tredwell M. Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1-[ 18 F]Difluorinated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:472-476. [PMID: 30452114 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of 1,1-[18 F]difluorinated alkenes from [18 F]fluoride is reported. This transformation is highly regioselective giving the desired 18 F-fluoroalkenes with radiochemical purities of up to 77 % within 20 minutes and a molar activity (Am ) of 1 GBq μmol-1 . The transformations are operationally simple to perform and were readily translated onto a commercial automated synthesis unit. The resultant 1,1-[18 F]difluorinated alkene motif is prevalent in numerous drug molecules, and this is the first general method to synthesize this motif with fluorine-18. 18 F-fluorinated alkenes are excellent building blocks and participate in a number of post-labeling transformations to access a range of 18 F-perfluorinated functional groups that have never before been radiolabeled with non-carrier-added [18 F]fluoride. This method considerably expands the range of 18 F-motifs accessible to radiochemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen B Frost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rüdiger M Exner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Frost AB, Brambilla M, Exner RM, Tredwell M. Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1-[ 18
F]Difluorinated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen B. Frost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Rüdiger M. Exner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wu S, Wu X, Wang D, Zhu C. Regioselective Vinylation of Remote Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds: Access to Complex Fluoroalkylated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1499-1503. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wu S, Wu X, Wang D, Zhu C. Regioselective Vinylation of Remote Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds: Access to Complex Fluoroalkylated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Kwon YD, Son J, Chun JH. Catalyst-Free Aromatic Radiofluorination via Oxidized Iodoarene Precursors. Org Lett 2018; 20:7902-7906. [PMID: 30521348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized iodoarenes (OIAs), prepared via mCPBA-mediated oxidation, have been demonstrated as versatile precursors for the synthesis of [18F]fluoroarenes in the absence of catalysts. OIAs have been identified as intermediates in single-pot syntheses of iodonium salts and ylides but have never been recognized as radiofluorination precursors. Here, the isolated OIAs were used without any catalysts to produce functionalized [18F]fluoroarenes, regardless of the electronic nature of the arenes. This method was also applied to the production of radiolabeling synthons for use as aromatic 18F-labeled building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital , Yonsei University Health System , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Lim S, Song D, Jeon S, Kim Y, Kim H, Lee S, Cho H, Lee BC, Kim SE, Kim K, Lee E. Cobalt-Catalyzed C-F Bond Borylation of Aryl Fluorides. Org Lett 2018; 20:7249-7252. [PMID: 30388011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical cobalt-catalyzed defluoroborylation of fluoroarenes is presented for the first time. The method permits straightforward functionalization of fluoroarenes, with high selectivity for borylation of C-F over C-H bonds, and a tolerance for aerobic conditions. Furthermore, two-step 18F-fluorination was achieved for expanding the scope of 18F-positron emission tomography probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Lim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dalnim Song
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeon
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Xing B, Ni C, Hu J. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Xing B, Ni C, Hu J. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9896-9900. [PMID: 29932480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented hypervalent iodine(III) catalyzed Balz-Schiemann reaction is described. In the presence of a hypervalent iodine compound, the fluorination reaction proceeds under mild conditions (25-60 °C), and features a wide substrate scope and good functional-group compatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Fan R, Liu B, Zheng T, Xu K, Tan C, Zeng T, Su S, Tan J. An aryne triggered ring-opening fluorination of cyclic thioethers with potassium fluoride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7081-7084. [PMID: 29877537 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03766c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an aryne triggered ring-opening fluorination protocol of a great variety of saturated sulfur heterocycles. A key factor for the success is the identification of a suitable mediator. Compared to previous methods, this transition-metal free protocol employs low-cost potassium fluoride as the fluorine source. The operational simplicity and mild reaction conditions allow for the rapid synthesis of a wide range of aliphatic fluoride compounds in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Huang YC, Farn SS, Chou YC, Yeh CN, Chang CW, Chung YH, Chen TW, Huang WS, Yu CS. Synthesis of para
-[ 18
F]Fluorofenbufen Octylamide for PET Imaging of Brain Tumors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Taoyuan 32546 Taiwan
| | - Yo-Cheng Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Veterans General Hospital at Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Veterans General Hospital at Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science; National Tsing-Hua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Brunner C, Andries-Ulmer A, Kiefl GM, Gulder T. Hypervalent Fluoroiodane-Triggered Synthesis of Fluoro-Azabenzoxazepines and Azaindoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anna Andries-Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Gabriel M. Kiefl
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Vatsadze SZ, Eremina OE, Veselova IA, Kalmykov SN, Nenajdenko VG. 18F-Labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroendocrine tumours: approaches to synthesis and development prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
86
|
Wu SW, Liu JL, Liu F. cis-Specific cyanofluorination of vinyl azides enabled by electron-donor-acceptor complexes: synthesis of α-azido-β-fluoronitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12321-12324. [PMID: 29095445 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a novel electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex-enabled three-component cyanofluorination of vinyl azides under metal-free conditions in a cis-specific manner. This reaction protocol is operationally simple without exclusion of either moisture or oxygen, allowing access to a wide range of highly-functionalized α-azido-β-fluoronitriles bearing quaternary carbons that are difficult to obtain by existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Zeng X, Li J, Ng CK, Hammond GB, Xu B. (Radio)fluoroclick Reaction Enabled by a Hydrogen-Bonding Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2924-2928. [PMID: 29276938 PMCID: PMC6233894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a widely applicable nucleophilic (radio)fluoroclick reaction of ynamides with readily available and easy-to-handle KF(18 F). The reactions exhibited high functional-group tolerance and needed only an ambient atmosphere. This 18 F addition to C-C unsaturated bonds proceeded with extraordinarily high radiochemical yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.,
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Zeng X, Li J, Ng CK, Hammond GB, Xu B. (Radio)fluoroclick Reaction Enabled by a Hydrogen-Bonding Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Pike VW. Hypervalent aryliodine compounds as precursors for radiofluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:196-227. [PMID: 28981159 PMCID: PMC10081107 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades or so, hypervalent iodine compounds, such as diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides, have emerged as useful precursors for labeling homoarenes and heteroarenes with no-carrier-added cyclotron-produced [18 F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.8 min). They permit rapid and effective radiofluorination at electron-rich as well as electron-deficient aryl rings, and often with unrestricted choice of ring position. Consequently, hypervalent aryliodine compounds have found special utility as precursors to various small-molecule 18 F-labeling synthons and to many radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. This review summarizes this advance in radiofluorination chemistry, with emphasis on precursor synthesis, radiofluorination mechanism, method scope, and method application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Hou J, Kovacs MS, Dhanvantari S, Luyt LG. Development of Candidates for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Ghrelin Receptor in Disease: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Fluorine-Bearing Quinazolinone Derivatives. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1261-1275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Hou
- London Regional Cancer Program, London N6A 4L6, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London N6C 2R5, Canada
| | | | | | - Leonard G. Luyt
- London Regional Cancer Program, London N6A 4L6, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London N6C 2R5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kohlhepp SV, Gulder T. Hypervalent iodine(iii) fluorinations of alkenes and diazo compounds: new opportunities in fluorination chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6270-6288. [PMID: 27417189 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fluorination of organic molecules is a rapidly evolving and exciting field in synthesis, which still poses huge challenges despite the advances made in the past decades. Hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents, which have already proven their versatility as synthetic tools in organic chemistry, are currently on the rise in fluorination chemistry. With their ability to break new mechanistic grounds, they grant access to completely new reactivities and thus also to novel fluorinated structural scaffolds. This review aims to provide an overview of the achievements made in the iodine(iii) mediated fluorinations of aliphatic Csp2-carbon atoms with special focus on the opportunities provided by this exciting class of hypervalent substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie V Kohlhepp
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Fustero S, Sedgwick DM, Román R, Barrio P. Recent advances in the synthesis of functionalised monofluorinated compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9706-9725. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05181j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have tackled the synthesis of interesting monofluorinated organic molecules, such as: dihydronaphthalene derivatives, β-fluoro sulfones and related carbonyl compounds, fluorohydrins and allylic alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Daniel M. Sedgwick
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Raquel Román
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe
- E-46012 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Yu J, Wang D, Xu Y, Wu Z, Zhu C. Distal Functional Group Migration for Visible-light Induced Carbo-difluoroalkylation/monofluoroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Liu W, Huang X, Placzek MS, Krska SW, McQuade P, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Site-selective 18F fluorination of unactivated C-H bonds mediated by a manganese porphyrin. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1168-1172. [PMID: 29675161 PMCID: PMC5885592 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct aliphatic C–H 18F labeling method using [18F]fluoride ion at inaccessible and unreactive sites is reported.
The first direct C–H 18F fluorination reaction of unactivated aliphatic sites using no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride is reported. Under the influence of a manganese porphyrin/iodosylbenzene system, a variety of unactivated aliphatic C–H bonds can be selectively converted to C–18F bonds. The mild conditions, broad substrate scope and generally inaccessible regiochemistry make this radio-fluorination a powerful alternate to established nucleophilic substitution for the preparation of 18F labeled radio tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
| | - Shane W Krska
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA
| | - Paul McQuade
- Imaging Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, López-Picón FR, Marjamäki P, Takkinen J, Haaparanta-Solin M, Peters D, Solin O. 18F-labeled norepinephrine transporter tracer [ 18F]NS12137: radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 56:39-46. [PMID: 29172120 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with malfunction of brain norepinephrine transporter (NET). However, current clinical evaluations of NET function are limited by the lack of sufficiently sensitive methods of detection. To this end, we have synthesized exo-3-[(6-[18F]fluoro-2-pyridyl)oxy]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane ([18F]NS12137) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) and have demonstrated that it is highly specific for in vivo detection of NET-rich regions of rat brain tissue. METHODS We applied two methods of electrophilic, aromatic radiofluorination of the precursor molecule, exo-3-[(6-trimethylstannyl-2-pyridyl)oxy]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate: (1) direct labeling with [18F]F2, and (2) labeling with [18F]Selectfluor, a derivative of [18F]F2, using post-target produced [18F]F2. The time-dependent distribution of [18F]NS12137 in brain tissue of healthy, adult Sprague-Dawley rats was determined by ex vivo autoradiography. The specificity of [18F]NS12137 binding was demonstrated on the basis of competitive binding by nisoxetine, a known NET antagonist of high specificity. RESULTS [18F]NS12137 was successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 3.9% ± 0.3% when labeled with [18F]F2 and 10.2% ± 2.7% when labeled with [18F]Selectfluor. The molar activity of radiotracer was 8.8 ± 0.7 GBq/μmol with [18F]F2 labeling and 6.9 ± 0.4 GBq/μmol with [18F]Selectfluor labeling at the end of synthesis of [18F]NS12137. Uptake of [18F]NS12137 in NET-rich areas in rat brain was demonstrated with the locus coeruleus (LCoe) having the highest regional uptake. Prior treatment of rats with nisoxetine showed no detectable [18F]NS12137 in the LCoe. Analyses of whole brain samples for radiometabolites showed only the parent compound [18F]NS12137. Uptake of 18F-radioactivity in bone increased with time. CONCLUSIONS The two electrophilic 18F-labeling methods proved to be suitable for synthesis of [18F]NS12137 with the [18F]Selectfluor method providing an approximate three-fold higher yield than the [18F]F2 method. As an electrostatically neutral radiotracer [18F]NS12137 crosses the blood-brain barrier and enabled specific labeling of NET-rich regions of rat brain tissue with the highest concentration in the LCoe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kirjavainen
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R López-Picón
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jatta Takkinen
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan Peters
- DanPET AB, Malmö, Sweden; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Fluorinated nucleosides as an important class of anticancer and antiviral agents. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1809-1833. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing nucleoside analogs (NAs) represent a significant class of the US FDA-approved chemotherapeutics widely used in the clinic. The incorporation of fluorine into drug-like agents modulates lipophilic, electronic and steric parameters, thus influencing pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Fluorine can block oxidative metabolism of drugs and the formation of undesired metabolites by changing H-bonding interactions. In this review, we focus our attention on chemical fluorination reagents and methods used in the NAs field, including positron emission tomography radiochemistry. We briefly discuss both the cellular biology and clinical properties of FDA-approved and fluorine-containing nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in development as well as common resistance mechanisms associated with their use. Finally, we emphasize pronucleotide strategies used to improve therapeutic outcome of NAs in the clinic.
Collapse
|
97
|
Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Bailey J, Bernard-Gauthier V, Schirrmacher E, Wängler C. Small Prosthetic Groups in 18F-Radiochemistry: Useful Auxiliaries for the Design of 18F-PET Tracers. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:474-492. [PMID: 28826522 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic group (PG) applications in 18F-radiochemistry play a pivotal role among current 18F-labeling techniques for the development and availability of 18F-labeled imaging probes for PET (Wahl, 2002) (1). The introduction and popularization of PGs in the mid-80s by pioneers in 18F-radiochemistry has profoundly changed the landscape of available tracers for PET and has led to a multitude of new imaging agents based on simple and efficiently synthesized PGs. Because of the chemical nature of anionic 18F- (apart from electrophilic low specific activity 18F-fluorine), radiochemistry before the introduction of PGs was limited to simple nucleophilic substitutions of leaving group containing precursor molecules. These precursors were not always available, and some target compounds were either hard to synthesize or not obtainable at all. Even with the advent of recently introduced "late-stage fluorination" techniques for the 18F-fluorination of deactivated aromatic systems, PGs will continue to play a central role in 18F-radiochemistry because of their robust and almost universal usability. The importance of PGs in radiochemistry is shown by its current significance in tracer development and exemplified by an overview of selected methodologies for PG attachment to PET tracer molecules. Especially, click-chemistry approaches to PG conjugation, while furthering the historical evolution of PGs in PET tracer design, play a most influential role in modern PG utilization. All earlier and recent multifaceted approaches in PG development have significantly enriched the contingent of modern 18F-radiochemistry procedures and will continue to do so.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Justin Bailey
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Esther Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Balandeh M, Waldmann C, Shirazi D, Gomez A, Rios A, Allison N, Khan A, Sadeghi S. Electrochemical Fluorination and Radiofluorination of Methyl(phenylthio)acetate Using Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (TBAF). JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 164:G99-G103. [PMID: 28890550 PMCID: PMC5589193 DOI: 10.1149/2.0941709jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical fluorination of methyl(phenylthio)acetate was achieved using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). Electrochemical fluorination was performed under potentiostatic anodic oxidation using an undivided cell in acetonitrile containing TBAF and triflic acid. The influence of several parameters including: oxidation potential, time, temperature, sonication, TBAF concentration and triflic acid concentration on fluorination efficiency were studied. It was found that the triflic acid to TBAF concentration ratio plays a key role in the fluorination efficiency. Electrochemical fluorination resulted in formation of mono-fluorinated methyl 2-fluoro-2-(phenylthio)acetate verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Under optimum conditions 44 ± 3% mono fluorination yield was obtained after a 30 min electrolysis. Electrochemical radiofluorination for the synthesis of methyl 2-[18F]fluoro-2-(phenothio) acetate was also achieved with the same optimized electrochemical cell parameters where TBAF was first passed through an anion exchange resin containing fluorine-18. A radiochemical fluorination efficiency of 7 ± 1% was achieved after 30 min of electrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Balandeh
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Christopher Waldmann
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniela Shirazi
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Adrian Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Alejandra Rios
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Nathanael Allison
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Asad Khan
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Radiochemistry on electrodes: Synthesis of an 18F-labelled and in vivo stable COX-2 inhibitor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176606. [PMID: 28464017 PMCID: PMC5413030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New radiochemistry techniques can yield novel PET tracers for COX-2 and address the shortcomings in in vivo stability and specificity, which have held back clinical translation of tracers to image COX-2 expression. Current techniques limit radiosynthesis to analogs of the COX-2 inhibitors with fluorine-18 added via a carbon chain, or on an aromatic position which renders the radiolabeled analog less specific towards COX-2, resulting in tracers with low in vivo stability or specificity. To solve this problem, we have developed a new high affinity, 18F-labelled COX-2 inhibitor that is radiolabeled directly on a heteroaromatic ring. This molecule exhibits favorable biodistribution and increased metabolic stability. Synthesis of this molecule cannot be achieved by traditional means; consequently, we have developed an automated electrochemical radiosynthesis platform to synthesize up to 5 mCi of radiochemically pure 18F-COX-2ib in 4 hours (2% decay-corrected radiochemical yield). In vitro studies demonstrated clear correlation between COX-2 expression and uptake of the tracer. PET imaging of healthy animals confirmed that the molecule is excreted from blood within an hour, mainly through the hepatobiliary excretion pathway. In vivo metabolism data demonstrated that > 95% of the injected radioactivity remains in the form of the parent molecule 1 hour after injection.
Collapse
|
100
|
|