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Laddha AP, Kulkarni YA. Tannins and vascular complications of Diabetes: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:229-245. [PMID: 30668344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with persistent increased level of glucose in the blood. According to a report by World Health Organisation (WHO), prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age had reached to 8.5% in year 2014 which was 4.7% in 1980s. The Prolong increased level of glucose in blood leads to development of microvascular (blindness, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular and stroke) degenerative complications because of uncontrolled level of glucose in blood. This also leads to the progression of oxidative stress and affecting metabolic, genetic and haemodynamic system by activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway and increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are one of the major leading causes of mortality worldwide. Various natural products like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and polyphenols are reported for their activity in management of diabetes and its associated diabetic complications. Tannins are systematically studied by many researchers in past few decades for their effect in diabetes and its complications. AIM The present review was designed to compile the data of tannins and their beneficial effects in the management of diabetic complications. METHOD Literature search was performed using various dataset like pubmed, EBSCO, proQuest Scopus and selected websites including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS Globally, more than 400 natural products have been investigated in diabetes and its complications. Tannins are the polyphenolic compounds present in many medicinal plants and various dietary sources like fruits, nuts, grains, spices and beverages. Various reports have shown that compounds like gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin and procynidins from medicinal plants play major role in controlling progression of diabetes and its related complications by acting on molecular pathways and key targets involved in progression. Many chemists used above mentioned phyto-constituents as a pharmacophore for the developing new chemical entities having higher therapeutic benefits in management of diabetic complications. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the role of various tannins in prevention and management of diabetic complications like diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. It will help researchers to find some leads for the development of new cost effective therapy using dietary source for the management of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Lin GM, Hsu CY, Chang ST. Antihyperglycemic activities of twig extract of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5908-5915. [PMID: 30051468 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum osmophloeum (indigenous cinnamon) is an endemic species in Taiwan and its twigs contain abundant A-type proanthocyanidins. C. osmophloeum twig extracts (CoTEs) were found to have α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. The aim of this study is to further investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of CoTEs in hyperglycemic rats. RESULTS Hyperglycemic rats were divided into three groups and were treated orally with high-dosage CoTEs (HCO, 150 mg kg-1 ), low-dosage CoTEs (LCO, 30 mg kg-1 ) and positive control (PC, 30 mg kg-1 pioglitazone). The HCO group showed improved glucose tolerance in an oral glucose tolerance test after 1 month of treatment, contributed by the inhibition of intestinal disaccharidases, amylase, and lipase. Compared with the PC group, both the HCO and LCO groups had decreased weight of visceral fats and lower atherogenic index; while their low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, food intake, feed efficiency, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged compared with the NC group. Furthermore, the HCO group had decreased weight gain and the LCO group had decreased serum leptin level. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CoTE has potential antihyperglycemic activities for treating hyperglycemia without weight gain. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Min Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Hsu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen X, Xiong J, Huang S, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang F. Analytical Profiling of Proanthocyanidins from Acacia mearnsii Bark and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112891. [PMID: 30404154 PMCID: PMC6278516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The proanthocyanidins from ethanol extracts (80%, v/v) of Acacia mearnsii (A. mearnsii) bark on chemical-based and cellular antioxidant activity assays as well as carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities were studied. About 77% of oligomeric proanthocyanidins in ethanol extracts of A. mearnsii bark were found by using normal-phase HPLC. In addition, HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analyses indicated that proanthocyanidins from A. mearnsii bark exhibited with a degree of polymerization ranging from 1 to 11. These results of combined antioxidant activity assays, as well as carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities of proanthocyanidins from A. mearnsii bark, indicated an encouraging antioxidant capacity for the high polyphenol content and a potential for use as alternative drugs for lowering the glycemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jia Xiong
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Materials Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Nowak D, Gośliński M, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K. Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Vitamin C-Rich Juices. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2237-2246. [PMID: 30044505 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that bioactive compounds, for example, polyphenols, and so on can play an important role in reducing oxidative stress and protect against various diseases. The sources of these compounds in the human diet include mainly fruit and good quality fruit juices, which may contain polyphenols but also other phytochemicals such as vitamin C. The purpose of the study was to analyze the antioxidant properties of vitamin C-rich juices, which underwent mild processing. The content of total polyphenols (TP, FBBB), total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA), and vitamin C as well as the antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS) were evaluated in commercial fruit juices rich in vitamin C (acerola, gojiberry, sea buckthorn, wild rose, cranberry, Japanese quince). Moreover, phenolic acids and selected flavonoids were determined by HPLC methods. Among the examined fruit juices, acerola and wild rose juices contained the highest amounts of vitamin C and total polyphenols, and had the highest antioxidant capacity. Acerola owes its high antioxidant properties mainly to vitamin C, whereas the antioxidant capacity of wild rose is also attributed to its rich content of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Sea buckthorn juice and Japanese quince juice had a lower antioxidant capacity, yet higher than determined for gojiberry and cranberry juices. Total anthocyanins were the highest in cranberry juice. The results showed that the analyzed juices were a valuable source of natural antioxidants. Generally, vitamin C-rich juices are also good source of polyphenols. Vitamin C and polyphenols act synergistically and define the antioxidant properties of juices. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Bioactive compounds, for example, polyphenols play an important role in reducing oxidative stress and protect against various diseases. Sources of natural antioxidants in human diet include mainly fruit and good quality fruit juices. The study showed that the juices from acerola, gojiberry, sea buckthorn, wild rose, cranberry, Japanese quince were a valuable source of natural polyphenols and vitamin C. These compounds act synergistically and define the antioxidant properties of juices. Among all examined samples, acerola and wild rose juices seem to be the most valuable. Moreover, it's worth noticing that juices underwent mild processing (cold pressed and low pasteurization) retained more bioactive compounds, which affected their higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ. in Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Gośliński
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ. in Toruń, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Dept. of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Dept. of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
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Opatrilova R, Kubatka P, Caprnda M, Büsselberg D, Krasnik V, Vesely P, Saxena S, Ruia S, Mozos I, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, dos Santos KG. Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: evidences from preclinical and clinical researches. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:222-231. [PMID: 28391624 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness and visual disability in working-aged people. The pathogenesis of retinopathy is an actual and still open query. Alterations contributing to oxidative and nitrosative stress, including elevated nitric oxide and superoxide production, changes in the expression of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase or endogenous antioxidant system, have been implicated in the mechanisms how this ocular disease develops. In addition, it was documented that renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the progression of retinopathy. Based on comprehensive preclinical and clinical researches in this area, the role of above-mentioned factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy and ischaemic proliferative retinopathy is reviewed in this study. Moreover, the genetic susceptibility factors involved in the development of the retinopathy and possible strategies that utilize antioxidants as additive therapy are also highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology; Jessenius Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University in Bratislava; Martin Slovak Republic
- Division of Oncology; Biomedical Center Martin; Jessenius Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University in Bratislava; Martin Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Sandeep Saxena
- Retina Service; Department of Ophthalmology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Surabhi Ruia
- Retina Service; Department of Ophthalmology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oviedo; Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA); Oviedo Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Katia Goncalves dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics; Universidade Luterana do Brasil; Canoas Brazil
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Nemzer B, Vargas L, Xia X, Sintara M, Feng H. Phytochemical and physical properties of blueberries, tart cherries, strawberries, and cranberries as affected by different drying methods. Food Chem 2018; 262:242-250. [PMID: 29751916 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hot-air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD) and Refractance Window drying (RWD) on the retention of anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C and B, and antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in blueberries, tart cherries, strawberries, and cranberries, as well as organic acids and proanthocyanins in cranberries and chlorogenic acid and catchins in blueberries were evaluated. Changes in color, glass transition, specific heat, and surface morphology of the dried fruits were also evaluated. The quality retention in the dried fruits was found to be product and drying method specific. The FD products exhibited a better retention of vitamin C, ORAC, anthocyanins, and phenolics than the AD and RWD fruits. The RWD produced samples with a less effective ORAC, anthocyanins, and phenolics retention, but a higher total vitamin B retention compared to the FD products. The AD-dried fruits displayed significantly lesser quality retention in most of the quality indexes measured in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nemzer
- VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Luis Vargas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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57
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Differential Approach to Analysis of Tannin-Containing Herbal Raw Materials and Medicines. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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58
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Study of human salivary proline-rich proteins interaction with food tannins. Food Chem 2018; 243:175-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Liu C, Shan Y, Yin X, Li Q. Antioxidative Capacity of Proanthocyanidins from China Bitter Humulus Lupulus in Vitro. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2013-1023-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Liu
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shan
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Yin
- Cargill Malt, McGinty Road West, MS 135, Wayzata, MN 55391
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Sáez V, Gayoso C, Riquelme S, Pérez J, Vergara C, Mardones C, von Baer D. C18 core-shell column with in-series absorbance and fluorescence detection for simultaneous monitoring of changes in stilbenoid and proanthocyanidin concentrations during grape cane storage. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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61
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Baatsch B, Zimmer S, Rodrigues Recchia D, Büssing A. Complementary and alternative therapies in dentistry and characteristics of dentists who recommend them. Complement Ther Med 2017; 35:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Guilhon-Simplicio F, Machado TM, do Nascimento LF, Souza RDS, Koolen HHF, da Silva FMA, Acho LDR, Dos Santos ARS, Cos P, Pereira MDM, Lima ES. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Four Amazonian Byrsonima Species. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1686-1693. [PMID: 28840624 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Species of the Byrsonima genus are widely used in Brazil, especially for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, species from the Amazonian region are still poorly studied. Thus, we studied the antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of for Amazonian species, Byrsonima crispa, Byrsonima duckeana, Byrsonima garcibarrigae, and Byrsonima incarnata. Phenolic composition was determined by chemical and chromatographic methods. The aqueous extracts were evaluated in DPPH• , ABTS+• , and superoxide (O2•- ) tests, LPS-activated macrophage assay, and formalin test. All species contained a high phenolic and flavonoid content. We identified 15 phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and catechins. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity and were more active than quercetin at inhibiting nitric oxide release in the LPS-activated macrophage assay. B. duckeana and B. garcibarrigae showed higher in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. B. garcibarrigae presented significant effect on the early phase of the formalin test, pointing to an antinociceptive mechanism distinct from traditional anti-inflammatory medicines. In conclusion, the pharmacological potential of these species is closely related to their flavonoid-rich chemical composition, which seems to act through antioxidant mechanisms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tallita Marques Machado
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69070-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leandro Flores do Nascimento
- Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rayanne da Silva Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69070-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria de Meneses Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69070-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69070-000, Amazonas, Brazil
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Unno K, Noda S, Kawasaki Y, Yamada H, Morita A, Iguchi K, Nakamura Y. Reduced Stress and Improved Sleep Quality Caused by Green Tea Are Associated with a Reduced Caffeine Content. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070777. [PMID: 28753943 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2012.747384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine, one of the main components in green tea, can interfere with sleep and block the effect of theanine. Since theanine, the main amino acid in tea leaves, has significant anti-stress effects in animals and humans, we examined the effects of green tea with lowered caffeine content, i.e., low-caffeine green tea (LCGT), on stress and quality of sleep of middle-aged individuals (n = 20, mean age 51.3 ± 6.7 years) in a double-blind crossover design. Standard green tea (SGT) was used as the control. These teas (≥300 mL/day), which were eluted with room temperature water, were consumed over a period of seven days after a single washout term. The level of salivary α-amylase activity (sAA), a stress marker, was significantly lower in participants that consumed LCGT (64.7 U/mL) than in those that consumed SGT (73.9 U/mL). Sleep quality was higher in participants that consumed a larger quantity of LCGT. In addition, a self-diagnostic check for accumulated fatigue was significantly lower in those participants that consumed LCGT than SGT. These results indicate that LCGT intake can reduce stress in middle-aged individuals and improve their quality of sleep. The reduction in caffeine is suggested to be a valid reason for enhancing the anti-stress effect of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shigenori Noda
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves on the lipid oxidation in an emulsion system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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65
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Extraoral Taste Receptor Discovery: New Light on Ayurvedic Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28642799 PMCID: PMC5469997 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5435831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More and more research studies are revealing unexpectedly important roles of taste for health and pathogenesis of various diseases. Only recently it has been shown that taste receptors have many extraoral locations (e.g., stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, respiratory system, heart, brain, kidney, urinary bladder, pancreas, adipose tissue, testis, and ovary), being part of a large diffuse chemosensory system. The functional implications of these taste receptors widely dispersed in various organs or tissues shed a new light on several concepts used in ayurvedic pharmacology (dravyaguna vijnana), such as taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), qualities (guna), and energetic nature (virya). This review summarizes the significance of extraoral taste receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels for ayurvedic pharmacology, as well as the biological activities of various types of phytochemical tastants from an ayurvedic perspective. The relative importance of taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), and energetic nature (virya) as ethnopharmacological descriptors within Ayurveda boundaries will also be discussed.
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Mármol I, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Jiménez-Moreno N, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Therapeutic Applications of Rose Hips from Different Rosa Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061137. [PMID: 28587101 PMCID: PMC5485961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa species, rose hips, are widespread wild plants that have been traditionally used as medicinal compounds for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The therapeutic potential of these plants is based on its antioxidant effects caused by or associated with its phytochemical composition, which includes ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and healthy fatty acids among others. Over the last few years, medicinal interest in rose hips has increased as a consequence of recent research that has studied its potential application as a treatment for several diseases including skin disorders, hepatotoxicity, renal disturbances, diarrhoea, inflammatory disorders, arthritis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and cancer. In this review, the role of different species of Rosa in the prevention of treatment of various disorders related to oxidative stress, is examined, focusing on new therapeutic approaches from a molecular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | | | - Nerea Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
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Jiménez S, Jiménez-Moreno N, Luquin A, Laguna M, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Ancín-Azpilicueta C. Chemical composition of rosehips from different Rosa species: an alternative source of antioxidants for the food industry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1121-1130. [PMID: 28402181 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1319071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is important to explore new sources of natural additives because the demand for these compounds by consumers is increasing. These products also provide health benefits and help in food preservation. An unexplored source of nutrients and antioxidant compounds is rosehip, the fleshy fruit of roses. This work compares the antioxidant compound (vitamin C, neutral phenols and acidic phenols) content of four Rosa species rosehips: R. pouzinii, R. corymbifera, R. glauca and R. canina from different geographical zones. Results show quantitative variability in ascorbic acids and neutral phenols content, and quantitative and qualitative differences in acidic phenol content, depending on species. Vitamin C concentration was highly variable depending on species, R. canina being the one with the highest concentration and R. pouzinii the one with the lowest content. Variability was found in total neutral polyphenols concentration and a correlation between freshness of the rosehips and concentration of neutral polyphenols was also found. Significant differences were found in the acidic phenols content among the studied species. Generally antioxidant activity was higher in the vitamin C fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jiménez
- a Departamento de Química Aplicada , Universidad Pública de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Nerea Jiménez-Moreno
- a Departamento de Química Aplicada , Universidad Pública de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Asunción Luquin
- a Departamento de Química Aplicada , Universidad Pública de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Mariano Laguna
- b Inorganic Chemistry Department, CSIC-UZ , Instituto de síntesis química y catálisis homogénea , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- c Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, CIBERobn, Veterinary Faculty , University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
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Fu Y, Ye X, Lee M, Rankin G, Chen YC. Prodelphinidins isolated from Chinese bayberry leaves induces apoptosis via the p53-dependent signaling pathways in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3210-3218. [PMID: 28529565 PMCID: PMC5431737 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese bayberry leaves are rich in prodelphinidins. Since the isolation and purification of prodelphinidins is difficult, the association between the degree of prodelphinidin polymerization and their anti-carcinogenic activity remains ambiguous. The cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of prodelphinidin Chinese bayberry leaf extracts (PCBLs), oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPAs) and polymeric proanthocyanidins (PPAs), isolated by normal-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography were investigated in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. The PCBLs, OPAs and PPAs inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathway. Apoptosis was triggered through the intrinsic pathway by upregulating the expression of several B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proapoptotic proteins, including p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), Bcl-2-associated X protein and Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death, and by downregulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-extra large. Apoptosis was also triggered through the extrinsic pathway via the upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) and Fas expression. In addition, OPAs and PPAs induced caspase-dependent apoptosis at least partially through the inhibition of the protein kinase B signaling pathway. The knockdown of p53 by specific small interfering RNA resulted in the depletion of p53, and inhibited the OPA and PPA treatment-induced increases in p53, which led to a decrease in the expression of p21, DR5, Fas, PUMA and phosphatase and tensin homolog proteins. These observations demonstrate that p53 is a mediator of OPA and PPA-induced apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cells. The PPAs exhibited stronger anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities compared with OPAs and PCBLs. These results suggest that PCBLs, OPAs and PPAs may be useful for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Malcolm Lee
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Gary Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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Sadowska B, Budzyńska A, Stochmal A, Żuchowski J, Różalska B. Novel properties of Hippophae rhamnoides L. twig and leaf extracts - anti-virulence action and synergy with antifungals studied in vitro on Candida spp. model. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:372-379. [PMID: 28428132 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Original, chemically characterized Sea buckthorn (SBT) twig and leaf extracts were in vitro studied in terms of anti-Candida activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts against C. albicans ATCC 10231 ranged: 250 μg/ml (twig), 31.5 μg/ml (leaf), and against C. glabrata G1 (clinical isolate) - 15.6 μg/ml (twig), 3.9 μg/ml (leaf). Next the extracts have been used at their subMIC. Both extracts significantly enhanced activity of fluconazole (FLC) and caspofungin (CAS) against C. albicans and increased their efficacy against C. glabrata, measured by an agar dilution assay combined with the E-test. The extracts inhibited C. albicans morphogenesis such as germ tube and hyphae formation as well as invasion to the "Spider" Agar. Antiadhesive and anti-biofilm activities of the extracts were evaluated by Alamar Blue reduction assay. It showed not significant reduction in the degree of cell adhesion (by 10-15%) but noticeable decrease of biofilm formation (by 80% in the case of SBT-twig extract). In conclusion, this study provided the evidence that SBT extracts, used at non-cytotoxic concentrations for the fibroblasts (IC50 from 664.8 μg/ml to 1060.4 μg/ml), targeted some of Candida spp. virulence factors essential for the establishment of the infection. SBT twigs, previously regarded as waste material, were shown to be also a valuable source of the substances with promising antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sadowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Budzyńska
- Laboratory of Microbiological and Technical Services, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Żuchowski
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Barbara Różalska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland.
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71
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Muema JM, Nyanjom SG, Mutunga JM, Njeru SN, Bargul JL. Green tea proanthocyanidins cause impairment of hormone-regulated larval development and reproductive fitness via repression of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, insulin-like peptide and cytochrome P450 genes in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173564. [PMID: 28301607 PMCID: PMC5354366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful optimization of plant-derived compounds into control of nuisance insects would benefit from scientifically validated targets. However, the close association between the genotypic responses and physiological toxicity effects mediated by these compounds remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the sublethal dose effects of proanthocyanidins (PAs) sourced from green tea (Camellia sinensis) on life history traits of Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) mosquitoes with an aim to unravel the probable molecular targets. Based on the induced phenotypic effects, genes selected for study targeted juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, signal transduction, oxidative stress response and xenobiotic detoxification in addition to vitellogenesis in females. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure of larval stages (L3/L4) to sublethal dose of 5 ppm dramatically extended larval developmental period for up to 12 days, slowed down pupation rates, induced abnormal larval-pupal intermediates and caused 100% inhibition of adult emergence. Further, females exhibited significant interference of fecundity and egg hatchability relative to controls (p < 0.001). Using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), our findings show that PA-treated larvae exhibited significant repression of AgamJHAMT (p < 0.001), AgamILP1 (p < 0.001) and AgamCYP6M2 (p < 0.001) with up-regulation of Hsp70 (p < 0.001). Females exposed as larvae demonstrated down-regulation of AgamVg (p = 0.03), AgamILP1 (p = 0.009), AgamCYP6M2 (p = 0.05) and AgamJHAMT (p = 0.02). Our findings support that C. sinensis proanthocyanidins affect important vectorial capacity components such as mosquito survival rates and reproductive fitness thus could be potentially used for controlling populations of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M. Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven G. Nyanjom
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James M. Mutunga
- Malaria Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sospeter N. Njeru
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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72
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Soares S, Brandão E, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Sensorial properties of red wine polyphenols: Astringency and bitterness. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:937-948. [PMID: 25897713 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.946468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been the subject of numerous research over the past years, being referred as the nutraceuticals of modern life. The healthy properties of these compounds have been associated to a natural chemoprevention of 21st century major diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's). This association led to an increased consumption of foodstuffs rich in these compounds such as red wine. Related to the ingestion of polyphenols are the herein revised sensorial properties (astringency and bitterness) which are not still pleasant. This review intends to be an outline both at a sensory as a molecular level of the mechanisms underlying astringency and bitterness of polyphenols. Up-to-date knowledge of this matter is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Soares
- a Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Porto , Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- a Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- a Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Porto , Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- a Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Porto , Portugal
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73
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Ropiak HM, Lachmann P, Ramsay A, Green RJ, Mueller-Harvey I. Identification of Structural Features of Condensed Tannins That Affect Protein Aggregation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170768. [PMID: 28125657 PMCID: PMC5268436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse panel of condensed tannins was used to resolve the confounding effects of size and subunit composition seen previously in tannin-protein interactions. Turbidimetry revealed that size in terms of mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) or average molecular weight (amw) was the most important tannin parameter. The smallest tannin with the relatively largest effect on protein aggregation had an mDP of ~7. The average size was significantly correlated with aggregation of bovine serum albumin, BSA (mDP: r = -0.916; amw: r = -0.925; p<0.01; df = 27), and gelatin (mDP: r = -0.961; amw: r = -0.981; p<0.01; df = 12). The procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis-/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios gave no significant correlations. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching indicated that procyanidins and cis-flavan-3-ol units contributed most to the tannin interactions on the BSA surface and in the hydrophobic binding pocket (r = 0.677; p<0.05; df = 9 and r = 0.887; p<0.01; df = 9, respectively). Circular dichroism revealed that higher proportions of prodelphinidins decreased the apparent α-helix content (r = -0.941; p<0.01; df = 5) and increased the apparent β-sheet content (r = 0.916; p<0.05; df = 5) of BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata M. Ropiak
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HMR); (IMH)
| | | | - Aina Ramsay
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy; University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HMR); (IMH)
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74
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Cires MJ, Wong X, Carrasco-Pozo C, Gotteland M. The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Nutr 2017; 3:57. [PMID: 28097121 PMCID: PMC5206694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polymers of flavan-3-ols abundant in many vegetable foods and beverages widely consumed in the human diet. There is increasing evidence supporting the beneficial impact of dietary PACs in the prevention and nutritional management of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is considered that PACs with a degree of polymerization >3 remain unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accumulate in the colonic lumen. Accordingly, the GI tract may be considered as a key organ for the healthy-promoting effects of dietary PACs. PACs form non-specific complexes with salivary proteins in mouth, originating the sensation of astringency, and with dietary proteins, pancreatic enzymes, and nutrient transporters in the intestinal lumen, decreasing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. They also exert antimicrobial activities, interfering with cariogenic or ulcerogenic pathogens in the mouth (Streptococcus mutans) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori), respectively. Through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, PACs decrease inflammatory processes in animal model of gastric and colonic inflammation. Interestingly, they exert prebiotic activities, stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. as well as some butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon. Finally, PACs are also metabolized by the gut microbiota, producing metabolites, mainly aromatic acids and valerolactones, which accumulate in the colon and/or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Accordingly, these compounds could display biological activities on the colonic epithelium or in extra-intestinal tissues and, therefore, contribute to part of the beneficial effects of dietary PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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75
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Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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76
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Lin GM, Lin HY, Hsu CY, Chang ST. Structural characterization and bioactivity of proanthocyanidins from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4749-4759. [PMID: 27185335 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barks and twigs of common species of cinnamon with abundant proanthocyanidins are used as a spice, fold medicine or supplement. Cinnamomum osmophloeum is an endemic species in Taiwan and coumarin was not detected in the oil of the C. osmophloeum twig. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the bioactivities and proanthocyanidins of C. osmophloeum twig extracts (CoTE). The n-butanol soluble fraction from CoTE was divided into 10 subfractions (F1-F10) by Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography. The antihyperglycemic activities were examined by α-glucosidase, α-amylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory assays. Total antioxidant activities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and ferrous ion-chelating assays. RESULTS The results revealed that subfractions F6-F10, with high proanthocyanidin contents, showed excellent antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. Subfractions F6-F10 were analyzed further by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry and thiolysis-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that the mean degrees of polymerization of proanthocyanidins in subfractions F6-F10 ranged from 3.5 to 5.1, with the highest degrees of polymerization of proanthocyanidins reaching 8 in subfractions F8-F10. Two compounds in F6 were identified as cinnamtannin B1 and parameritannin A1. These proanthocyanidins contained at least one A-type and major B-type linkages. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that proanthocyanidins are associated with their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities in CoTE. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Min Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Huan-You Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Hsu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Bakheet SA, Alhuraishi AM, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Hosaini KA, Al-Sharary SD, Attia MM, Alhoshani AR, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Harbi MM, Imam F, Ahmad SF, Attia SM. Alleviation of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Genomic Damage by ProanthocyanidinsviaModulation of DNA Repair. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:559-566. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alhuraishi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O. Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A. Al-Hosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir D. Al-Sharary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Attia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Ali R. Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A. Al-Shabanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
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Pinheiro A, Cooley A, Liao J, Prabhu R, Elder S. Comparison of natural crosslinking agents for the stabilization of xenogenic articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1037-46. [PMID: 26632206 PMCID: PMC6791374 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral xenografts are potentially inexpensive, widely available alternatives to fresh allografts. However, antigen removal from xenogenic cartilage may damage the extracellular matrix and reduce compressive stiffness. Non-crosslinked xenogenic cartilage may also undergo rapid enzymatic degradation in vivo. We hypothesized that natural crosslinking agents could be used in place of glutaraldehyde to improve the mechanical properties and enzymatic resistance of decellularized cartilage. This study compared the effects of genipin (GNP), proanthocyanidin (PA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on the physical and mechanical properties of decellularized porcine cartilage. Glutaraldehyde (GA) served as a positive control. Porcine articular cartilage discs were decellularized in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and DNase I followed by fixation in 0.25% GNP, 0.25% PA, 0.25% EGCG, or 2.5% GA. Decellularization decreased DNA by 15% and GAG by 35%. For natural crosslinkers, the average degree of crosslinking ranged from approximately 50% (EGCG) to 78% (GNP), as compared to 83% for the GA control. Among the natural crosslinkers, only GNP significantly affected the disc diameter, and shrinkage was under 2%. GA fixation had no significant effect on disc diameter. Decellularization decreased aggregate modulus; GA and GNP, but not EGCG and PA, were able to restore it to its original level. GNP, PA, and GA conferred a similar, almost complete resistance to collagenase degradation. EGCG also conferred substantial resistance but to a lesser degree. Overall, the data support our hypothesis and suggest that natural crosslinkers may be suitable alternatives to glutaraldehyde for stabilization of decellularized cartilage. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1037-1046, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amand Pinheiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
| | - Avery Cooley
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Raj Prabhu
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Steven Elder
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
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79
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Huo Y, Zhou F, Wu W, Lu F, Yang X, Guo X, Chen P, Deng Q, Ji B. Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Seed against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Vivo. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050245. [PMID: 27144578 PMCID: PMC4882658 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) as health-protective agents have become an important area of human nutrition research because of their potent bioactivities. We investigated the retinoprotective effects of PACs from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed against visible light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo. Pigmented rabbits were orally administered sea buckthorn seed PACs (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days of pre-illumination and seven consecutive days of post-illumination. Retinal function was quantified via electroretinography 7 days after light exposure. Retinal damage was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the full-thickness retina and outer nuclear layer 7 days after light exposure. Sea buckthorn seed PACs significantly attenuated the destruction of electroretinograms and maintained the retinal structure. Increased retinal photooxidative damage was expressed by the depletion of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, the decrease of total antioxidant capacity level and the increase of malondialdehyde level. Light exposure induced a significant increase of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) and angiogenesis (VEGF) levels in retina. Light exposure upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, sea buckthorn seed PACs ameliorated these changes induced by light exposure. Sea buckthorn seed PACs mediated the protective effect against light-induced retinal degeneration via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yazhen Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yanagida A, Takeshige S, Shibusawa Y. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of hydrophobic interaction between proanthocyanidins and a C8-alkyl compound in aqueous solution. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:419-25. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Structural and physicochemical properties of oligomeric flavan-3-ols (proanthocyanidins) in aqueous solution were investigated by spectrometric and reversed-phase (RP) HPLC analyses. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of (–)-epicatechin (EC) oligomers linked through C-4 to C-8 interflavan bonds showed that EC oligomers larger than dimers formed a stable secondary structure in water. These EC oligomers are water-soluble hydrophilic compounds, whereas the oligomers were strongly retained by a C8-alkyl stationary phase under conventional RP-HPLC conditions. In a further C8-HPLC study, the hydrophobic interaction between EC oligomers and 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt (OSA Na) added to the mobile phase was quantitatively evaluated based on the relationship between the logarithm of the retention factor of the solute and the OSA Na concentration in the mobile phase. The strength values of the hydrophobic interaction of EC oligomers larger than dimers were the highest of 22 tested polyphenolic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yanagida
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Shinya Takeshige
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shibusawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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81
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Tang Y, Cai W, Xu B. From rice bag to table: Fate of phenolic chemical compositions and antioxidant activities in waxy and non-waxy black rice during home cooking. Food Chem 2016; 191:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fecka I, Kucharska AZ, Kowalczyk A. Quantification of tannins and related polyphenols in commercial products of tormentil (Potentilla tormentilla). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:353-366. [PMID: 26047031 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potentilla tormentilla has many biological and pharmacological properties and can be used as an ingredient of some herbal medicines or beverages. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of individual polyphenols, especially condensed and hydrolysable tannins in commercially available tormentil rhizomes and tinctures using chromatographic methods. METHODS A quantitative analysis (HPLC-PDA) was preceded by qualitative studies (UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS) and the isolation (CC) of the major tannin compounds. RESULTS The tested plant material is characterised by a high content of tannins and related polyphenols, i.e. in rhizomes even at the level above 20% and in tinctures above 2%. The main components of tormentil rhizomes are procyanidin B3 (mean ~ 3.6%), procyanidin C2 (mean ~ 2.8%), agrimoniin (mean ~ 2.5%), 3-O-galloylquinic acid (mean ~ 1.7%), catechin (mean ~ 1.6%), other flavan-3-ol oligomers (mean ~ 0.5-1.1) and laevigatins (mean ~ 0.2-0.6%). Free ellagic acid and glycosides of ellagic and methylellagic acids are secondary components. CONCLUSIONS Underground parts of tormentil are a source of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and ellagitannins, but in smaller quantity of gallotannins. Monogalloylquinic acids are new identified compounds, which had not been described in Potentilla tormentilla before we started our research. In the analysed tormentil tinctures agrimoniin concentration is lower in relation to other tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska st. 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Cereals Technology, Chełmońskiego st. 37/41, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska st. 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
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83
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Impact of Procyanidins from Different Berries on Caspase 8 Activation in Colon Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:154164. [PMID: 26180579 PMCID: PMC4477188 DOI: 10.1155/2015/154164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scope. The aim of this work is to identify which proapoptotic pathway is induced in human colon cancer cell lines, in contact with proanthocyanidins extracted from various berries. Methods and Results. Proanthocyanidins (Pcys) extracted from 11 berry species are monitored for proapoptotic activities on two related human colon cancer cell lines: SW480-TRAIL-sensitive and SW620-TRAIL-resistant. Apoptosis induction is monitored by cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS) detection. Lowbush blueberry extract triggers the strongest activity. When tested on the human monocytic cell line THP-1, blueberry Pcys are less effective for PS externalisation and DNA fragmentation is absent, highlighting a specificity of apoptosis induction in gut cells. In Pcys-treated gut cell lines, caspase 8 (apoptosis extrinsic pathway) but not caspase 9 (apoptosis intrinsic pathway) is activated after 3 hours through P38 phosphorylation (90 min), emphasizing the potency of lowbush blueberry Pcys to eradicate gut TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Conclusion. We highlight here that berries Pcys, especially lowbush blueberry Pcys, are of putative interest for nutritional chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in view of their apoptosis induction in a human colorectal cancer cell lines.
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84
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Song Q, Luo L, Yang Z, Zhuo R, Li YC, Chen Y, Tang LJ, Huang Q, Ji ZH, Yang DJ. Anti-oxidative stress effect of proanthocyanidin on intestinal mucosa of rats with limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1454-1459. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i9.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of proanthocyanidin (PC) on the intestinal mucosa of rats with limb ischemia-reperfusion (LI/R) and to explore the possible mechanism.
METHODS: Twenty-one male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7): sham operation group, LI/R group and PC group. The PC group received 100 mg/(kg•d) PC via oral gavage for 7 d before LI/R. The sham operation and LI/R groups were given the same dose of salad oil each day for 7 d. A tourniquet was used to tie the rat left hind limb to induce LI/R injury in rats (ischemia 3 h and reperfusion 18 h). Following reperfusion, the abdominal cavity was opened and blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to determine serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Segments of the ileum were quickly resected and equally separated into two parts to conduct hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and determine tissue secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, respectively.
RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, serum SOD activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), MDA levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01), mucosal injury was significantly aggravated in light microscopic evaluations (P < 0.01) and tissue sIgA (P < 0.01) was significantly reduced after LI/R. Compared with the LI/R group, pretreatment with PC significantly enhanced serum SOD activity (P < 0.05), decreased MDA levels (P < 0.01), mitigated intestinal mucosal injury (P < 0.01) and increased the tissue sIgA contents (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: PC protects the intestinal mucosa by elevating serum SOD activity, reducing MDA levels and increasing tissue sIgA contents in rats after LI/R injury.
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85
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Ribas-Latre A, Del Bas JM, Baselga-Escudero L, Casanova E, Arola-Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Bladé C. Dietary proanthocyanidins modulate melatonin levels in plasma and the expression pattern of clock genes in the hypothalamus of rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:865-78. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Ester Casanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Maria-Josepa Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); Reus Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomic Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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Reshaping faecal gut microbiota composition by the intake of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in high-fat sucrose diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:651-60. [PMID: 25762527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is associated to an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota composition. Resveratrol and quercetin, widely known for their health beneficial properties, have low bioavailability, and when they reach the colon, they are targets of the gut microbial ecosystem. Hence, the use of these molecules in obesity might be considered as a potential strategy to modulate intestinal bacterial composition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether trans-resveratrol and quercetin administration could counteract gut microbiota dysbiosis produced by high-fat sucrose diet (HFS) and, in turn, improve gut health. Wistar rats were randomised into four groups fed an HFS diet supplemented or not with trans-resveratrol [15 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day], quercetin (30 mg/kg BW/day) or a combination of both polyphenols at those doses. Administration of both polyphenols together prevented body weight gain and reduced serum insulin levels. Moreover, individual supplementation of trans-resveratrol and quercetin effectively reduced serum insulin levels and insulin resistance. Quercetin supplementation generated a great impact on gut microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels, attenuating Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and inhibiting the growth of bacterial species previously associated to diet-induced obesity (Erysipelotrichaceae, Bacillus, Eubacterium cylindroides). Overall, the administration of quercetin was found to be effective in lessening HFS-diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. In contrast, trans-resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with quercetin scarcely modified the profile of gut bacteria but acted at the intestinal level, altering the mRNA expression of tight-junction proteins and inflammation-associated genes.
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87
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Salvadó MJ, Casanova E, Fernández-Iglesias A, Arola L, Bladé C. Roles of proanthocyanidin rich extracts in obesity. Food Funct 2015; 6:1053-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder involving an abnormal or excessive amount of body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Josepa Salvadó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Ester Casanova
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | | | - Lluis Arola
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
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88
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Puiggròs F, Salvadó MJ, Bladé C, Arola L. Differential modulation of apoptotic processes by proanthocyanidins as a dietary strategy for delaying chronic pathologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:277-91. [PMID: 24188302 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.565456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a biological process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several diseases can result if it is deregulated. For example, inhibition of apoptotic signaling pathways is linked to the survival of pathological cells, which contributes to cancer, whereas excessive apoptosis is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, partially via oxidative stress. The activation or restoration of apoptosis via extrinsic or intrinsic pathways combined with cell signaling pathways triggered by reactive oxygen specises (ROS) formation is considered a key strategy by which bioactive foods can exert their health effects. Proanthocyanidins, a class of flavonoids naturally found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages, have attracted a great deal of attention not only because they are strong antioxidants but also because they appear to exert a different modulation of apoptosis, stimulating apoptosis in damaged cells, thus preventing cancer or reducing apoptosis in healthy cells, and as a result, preserving the integrity of normal cells and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, proanthocyanidins could provide a defense against apoptosis induced by oxidative stress or directly inhibit apoptosis, and they could also provide a promising treatment for a variety of diseases. Emerging data suggest that proanthocyanidins, especially those that humans can be persuaded to consume, may be used to prevent and manage cancer and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Puiggròs
- a Nutrigenomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Spain
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89
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D’Alessandro A, Zolla L. The SODyssey: superoxide dismutases from biochemistry, through proteomics, to oxidative stress, aging and nutraceuticals. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 8:405-21. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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90
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Ting H, Deep G, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. The strategies to control prostate cancer by chemoprevention approaches. Mutat Res 2014; 760:1-15. [PMID: 24389535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States with growing worldwide incidence. Despite intensive investment in improving early detection, PCA often escapes timely detection and mortality remains high; this malignancy being the second highest cancer-associated mortality in American men. Collectively, health care costs of PCA results in an immense financial burden that is only expected to grow. Additionally, even in cases of successful treatment, PCA is associated with long-term and pervasive effects on patients. A proactive alternative to treat PCA is to prevent its occurrence and progression prior to symptomatic malignancy. This may serve to address the issue of burgeoning healthcare costs and increasing number of sufferers. One potential regimen in service of this alternative is PCA chemoprevention. Here, chemical compounds with cancer preventive efficacy are identified on the basis of their potential in a host of categories: their historical medicinal use, correlation with reduced risk in population studies, non-toxicity, their unique chemical properties, or their role in biological systems. PCA chemopreventive agents are drawn from multiple broad classes of chemicals, themselves further subdivided based on source or potential effect, with most derived from natural products. Many such compounds have shown efficacy, varying from inhibiting deregulated PCA cell signaling, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, tumor growth and angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Overall, these chemopreventive agents show great promise in PCA pre-clinical models, though additional work remains to be done in effectively translating these findings into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Ting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
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91
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Gallo FR, Multari G, Pagliuca G, Panusa A, Palazzino G, Giambenedetti M, Petitto V, Nicoletti M. Bearberry identification by a multidisciplinary study on commercial raw materials. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:735-42. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.696253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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92
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Beneficial effects of the RESMENA dietary pattern on oxidative stress in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia are associated to dietary TAC and fruit consumption. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6903-19. [PMID: 23535332 PMCID: PMC3645670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are conditions directly related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new weight-loss dietary pattern on improving the oxidative stress status on patients suffering MetS with hyperglycemia. Seventy-nine volunteers were randomly assigned to two low-calorie diets (−30% Energy): the control diet based on the American Health Association criteria and the RESMENA diet based on a different macronutrient distribution (30% proteins, 30% lipids, 40% carbohydrates), which was characterized by an increase of the meal frequency (seven-times/day), low glycemic load, high antioxidant capacity (TAC) and high n-3 fatty acids content. Dietary records, anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed before and after the six-month-long study. The RESMENA (Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra) diet specifically reduced the android fat mass and demonstrated more effectiveness on improving general oxidative stress through a greater decrease of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) values and protection against arylesterase depletion. Interestingly, oxLDL values were associated with dietary TAC and fruit consumption and with changes on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass and triacilglyceride (TG) levels. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of the RESMENA diet provide further benefits to those attributable to weight loss on patients suffering Mets with hyperglycemia.
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93
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94
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Martinez-Micaelo N, González-Abuín N, Ardèvol A, Pinent M, Blay MT. Procyanidins and inflammation: molecular targets and health implications. Biofactors 2012; 38:257-65. [PMID: 22505223 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Thus, the modulation of the inflammatory response by the consumption of bioactive food compounds, such as procyanidins, is a powerful tool to promote health. Procyanidin-mediated anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms include, among others, the modulation of the arachidonic acid pathway, the inhibition of the gene transcription, protein expression and enzymatic activity of eicosanoid generating enzymes, the production and secretion of inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines and nitric oxide), the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation, and the modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. The NF-κB pathway can be regulated by procyanidins at several levels. During early events in NF-κB signaling, procyanidins modulate Iκκ activity, and the cytoplasmic retention of p65:p50 NF-κB by the inhibition of IκB phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation, while at late stages, they affect the nuclear translocation of pro/anti-inflammatory NF-κB homo/hetero dimers and their subsequent binding to the promoter regions of target genes. To identify and understand the value of procyanidins in the modulation of the inflammatory response, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activities and prohomeostatic effects of procyanidins need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martinez-Micaelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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95
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Etxeberria U, de la Garza AL, Campión J, Martínez JA, Milagro FI. Antidiabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:269-97. [PMID: 22360606 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.664134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the negative clinical outcomes observed with the commercially available anti-diabetic drugs have led to the investigation of new therapeutic approaches focused on controlling postprandrial glucose levels. The use of carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors from natural resources could be a possible strategy to block dietary carbohydrate absorption with less adverse effects than synthetic drugs. AREAS COVERED This review covers the latest evidence regarding in vitro and in vivo studies in relation to pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors of plant origin, and presents bioactive compounds of phenolic nature that exhibit anti-amylase activity. EXPERT OPINION Pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors from traditional plant extracts are a promising tool for diabetes treatment. Many studies have confirmed the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of plants and their bioactive compounds in vitro, but few studies corroborate these findings in rodents and very few in humans. Thus, despite some encouraging results, more research is required for developing a valuable anti-diabetic therapy using pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usune Etxeberria
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, C/Irunlarrea, 1 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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Rosa FT, Zulet MÁ, Marchini JS, Martínez JA. Bioactive compounds with effects on inflammation markers in humans. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:749-65. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.649250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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97
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O'May C, Ciobanu A, Lam H, Tufenkji N. Tannin derived materials can block swarming motility and enhance biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:1063-1076. [PMID: 23020753 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.725130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-associated swarming motility is implicated in enhanced bacterial spreading and virulence, hence it follows that anti-swarming effectors could have clinical benefits. When investigating potential applications of anti-swarming materials it is important to consider whether the lack of swarming corresponds with an enhanced sessile biofilm lifestyle and resistance to antibiotics. In this study, well-defined tannins present in multiple plant materials (tannic acid (TA) and epigallocathecin gallate (EGCG)) and undefined cranberry powder (CP) were found to block swarming motility and enhance biofilm formation and resistance to tobramycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, gallic acid (GA) did not completely block swarming motility and did not affect biofilm formation or tobramycin resistance. These data support the theory that nutritional conditions can elicit an inverse relationship between swarming motility and biofilm formation capacities. Although anti-swarmers exhibit the potential to yield clinical benefits, it is important to be aware of possible implications regarding biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che O'May
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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98
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Harmidy K, Tufenkji N, Gruenheid S. Perturbation of host cell cytoskeleton by cranberry proanthocyanidins and their effect on enteric infections. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27267. [PMID: 22076143 PMCID: PMC3208605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry-derived compounds, including a fraction known as proanthocyanidins (PACs) exhibit anti-microbial, anti-infective, and anti-adhesive properties against a number of disease-causing organisms. In this study, the effect of cranberry proanthocyanidins (CPACs) on the infection of epithelial cells by two enteric bacterial pathogens, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Salmonella Typhimurium was investigated. Immunofluorescence data showed that actin pedestal formation, required for infection by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), was disrupted in the presence of CPACs. In addition, invasion of HeLa cells by Salmonella Typhimurium was significantly reduced, as verified by gentamicin protection assay and immunofluorescence. CPACs had no effect on bacterial growth, nor any detectable effect on the production of bacterial effector proteins of the type III secretion system. Furthermore, CPACs did not affect the viability of host cells. Interestingly, we found that CPACs had a potent and dose-dependent effect on the host cell cytoskeleton that was evident even in uninfected cells. CPACs inhibited the phagocytosis of inert particles by a macrophage cell line, providing further evidence that actin-mediated host cell functions are disrupted in the presence of cranberry CPACs. Thus, although CPAC treatment inhibited Salmonella invasion and EPEC pedestal formation, our results suggest that this is likely primarily because of the perturbation of the host cell cytoskeleton by CPACs rather than an effect on bacterial virulence itself. These findings have significant implications for the interpretation of experiments on the effects of CPACs on bacteria-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Harmidy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Complex Traits Group and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ouédraogo M, Charles C, Ouédraogo M, Guissou IP, Stévigny C, Duez P. An Overview of Cancer Chemopreventive Potential and Safety of Proanthocyanidins. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.607549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Schmidt CA, Murillo R, Heinzmann B, Laufer S, Wray V, Merfort I. Structural and conformational analysis of proanthocyanidins from Parapiptadenia rigida and their wound-healing properties. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1427-1436. [PMID: 21553897 DOI: 10.1021/np200158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Structure elucidation and conformation analysis of four proanthocyanidins isolated from the bark of Parapiptadenia rigida were performed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, CD, and molecular mechanics (MM+) force field calculations. The known prodelphinidin, epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (1) was accompanied by the new epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-4'-O-methylgallocatechin (2), epicatechin-(4β→8)-4'-O-methylgallocatechin (3), and (4α→8)-bis-4'-O-methylgallocatechin (4). Compound 4 was previously published but the earlier structure must presumably be revised to 4'-O-methylgallocatechin-(4α→8)-4'-O-methylepigallocatechin. Conformational studies showed the compact rotamer with B and E rings in quasi-equatorial orientations as the preferred conformation for compounds 1-3, whereas 4 consists of two stable rotamers, each with a quasi-equatorial orientation of ring B and E, respectively. The isolated compounds were studied for their wound-healing effects in a scratch assay and showed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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