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Renalase Attenuates Mouse Fatty Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage via Activating SIRT1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7534285. [PMID: 31949882 PMCID: PMC6948337 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7534285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a severe complication of liver surgery. Moreover, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are particularly vulnerable to IR injury, with higher rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver surgeries. Our previous study found that renalase (RNLS) was highly sensitive and responsive to oxidative stress, which may be a promising biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of liver IR injury. However, the role of RNLS in liver IR injury remains unclear. In the present study, we intensively explored the role and mechanism of RNLS in fatty liver IR injury in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups feeding with high-fat diet (HFD) and control diet (CD), respectively. After 20 weeks' feeding, they were suffered from portal triad blockage and reflow to induce liver IR injury. Additionally, oleic acid (OA) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were used in vitro to induce steatotic hepatocytes and to simulate ROS burst and mimic cellular oxidative stress following portal triad blockage and reflow, respectively. Our data showed that RNLS was downregulated in fatty livers, and RNLS administration effectively attenuated IR injury by reducing ROS production and improving mitochondrial function through activating SIRT1. Additionally, the downregulation of RNLS in the fatty liver was mediated by a decrease of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression under HFD conditions. These findings make RNLS a promising therapeutic strategy for the attenuation of liver IR injury.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum L.-A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244426. [PMID: 31817084 PMCID: PMC6943436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of foodstuff as natural medicines has already been established through studies demonstrating the pharmacological activities that they exhibit. Knowing the nutritional and pharmacological significance of foods enables the understanding of their role against several diseases. Among the foods that can potentially be considered as medicine, is sesame or Sesamum indicum L., which is part of the Pedaliaceae family and is composed of its lignans such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol and sesamolin. Its lignans have been widely studied and are known to possess antiaging, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Modern chronic diseases, which can transform into clinical diseases, are potential targets of these lignans. The prime example of chronic diseases is rheumatic inflammatory diseases, which affect the support structures and the organs of the body and can also develop into malignancies. In line with this, studies emphasizing the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of sesame have been discussed in this review.
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Zhangdi HJ, Su SB, Wang F, Liang ZY, Yan YD, Qin SY, Jiang HX. Crosstalk network among multiple inflammatory mediators in liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4835-4849. [PMID: 31543677 PMCID: PMC6737310 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the common pathological basis of all chronic liver diseases, and is the necessary stage for the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis. As one of pathogenic factors, inflammation plays a predominant role in liver fibrosis via communication and interaction between inflammatory cells, cytokines, and the related signaling pathways. Damaged hepatocytes induce an increase in pro-inflammatory factors, thereby inducing the development of inflammation. In addition, it has been reported that inflammatory response related signaling pathway is the main signal transduction pathway for the development of liver fibrosis. The crosstalk regulatory network leads to hepatic stellate cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine production, which in turn initiate the fibrotic response. Compared with the past, the research on the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis has been greatly developed. However, the liver fibrosis mechanism is complex and many pathways involved need to be further studied. This review mainly focuses on the crosstalk regulatory network among inflammatory cells, cytokines, and the related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. Moreover, we also summarize the recent studies on the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis and clinical efforts on the targeted therapies against the fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jing Zhangdi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Si-Biao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zi-Yu Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Dong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shan-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Xia MF, Chen LY, Wu L, Ma H, Li Q, Aleteng Q, Hu Y, He WY, Gao J, Lin HD, Gao X. The PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G variant influences the association between low skeletal muscle mass and NAFLD: the Shanghai Changfeng Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:684-695. [PMID: 31250467 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related skeletal muscle loss and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) polymorphisms are both associated with increased liver steatosis and fibrosis in the absence of obesity. AIM To investigate the influence of PNPLA3 polymorphism on the relationship between skeletal muscle loss and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Liver fat content was measured using a quantitative ultrasound method, and liver fibrosis was assessed by NAFLD fibrosis, BARD and FIB-4 scores in 3969 Chinese adults. The degree of sarcopenia was measured by weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM% = appendicular skeletal muscle mass(kg)/body weight(kg) 100%). RESULTS The NAFLD proportion increased from 19.9% to 41.2% in men and 26.3% to 42.3% in women with decreasing ASM% quartiles (P < 0.001). Low ASM% was inversely associated with NAFLD in PNPLA3 CC (odds ratio [OR]: men, 0.735 [0.610-0.885] and women, 0.812 [0.718-0.918], both P = 0.001) and CG (OR: men, 0.673 [0.573-0.790] and women, 0.798 [0.713-0.893], both P < 0.001) but not GG genotype carriers. The association remained significant after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, fat mass, interaction between fat mass and ASM%, obesity, diabetes and all components of metabolic syndrome. Subgroup analyses found that PNPLA3 GG gene variant did not increase the risk for NAFLD in individuals with low ASM% regardless of obesity status. Low ASM% also increased risk for liver fibrosis (all P < 0.05), which became insignificant after multiple adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Low ASM% is associated with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Dissociation of sarcopenia and NAFLD was found in PNPLA3 GG genotype carriers. A stratification based on PNPLA3 genotypes might facilitate personalised treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqige Aleteng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Yuan He
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology, EBM of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Dong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Cox AR, Chernis N, Masschelin PM, Hartig SM. Immune Cells Gate White Adipose Tissue Expansion. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1645-1658. [PMID: 31107528 PMCID: PMC6591013 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in white adipose tissue (WAT) energy homeostasis and, by extension, whole-body metabolism. Substantial evidence from mouse and human studies firmly establishes that insulin sensitivity deteriorates as a result of subclinical inflammation in the adipose tissue of individuals with diabetes. However, the relationship between adipose tissue expandability and immune cell infiltration remains a complex problem important for understanding the pathogenesis of obesity. Notably, a large body of work challenges the idea that all immune responses are deleterious to WAT function. This review highlights recent advances that describe how immune cells and adipocytes coordinately enable WAT expansion and regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter M Masschelin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Sean M. Hartig, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM185, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
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56
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Wagner N, Dieteren S, Franz N, Köhler K, Perl M, Marzi I, Relja B. Alcohol‑induced attenuation of post‑traumatic inflammation is not necessarily liver‑protective following trauma/hemorrhage. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1127-1138. [PMID: 31257463 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high prevalence, blunt chest trauma (TxT) and hemorrhagic shock have a significant influence on the outcomes of trauma patients, causing severe modulations of the immune system and high mortality rates. Alcohol consumption in trauma patients has a high clinical impact. Studies investigating the timing of alcohol intoxication prior to trauma are limited, although there are two typical scenarios regarding alcohol consumption: Acute ('drink and drive scenario') and sub‑acute ('evening binge drinking'). Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of either an acute or sub‑acute alcohol‑drinking scenario in an in vivo model of TxT and hemorrhagic shock, focusing on liver inflammation and outcomes. At 12 h (sub‑acute) or 2 h (acute) before the experiment, female Lewis rats received a single oral dose of alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) or saline (NaCl, ctrl), followed by TxT, hemorrhagic shock (35±3 mm Hg) and resuscitation (H/R). The animals were either sacrificed 2 h later or their survival was determined for 72 h. The results revealed that EtOH induced significant fatty changes in the liver. TxT + H/R‑induced increases in the gene expression of interleukin (IL)‑6 and intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 and the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and IL‑1β were significantly reduced in both EtOH groups compared with those in the corresponding TxT + H/R ctrl groups. The local presence of IL‑10‑expressing cells in the liver was significantly increased following TxT + H/R in all groups, although the sub‑acute EtOH TxT + H/R group had a significantly higher proportion of IL‑10‑positive cells compared with all other groups. Stimulating peripheral whole blood with lipopolysaccharide led to significantly lower levels of TNF‑α release in the sub‑acute EtOH group compared with the levels in all other groups. Significant TxT + H/R‑induced increases in liver transaminases and liver damage were most prominent in the sub‑acute EtOH group. The TxT + H/R EtOH group exhibited the lowest levels of glucose. There were no significant differences in mortality rate among the TxT + H/R groups. The data obtained indicates that the severity of liver damage following TxT + H/R may depend on the timing of alcohol consumption and severity of trauma, but also on the balance between pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D‑60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Scott Dieteren
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D‑60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Franz
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D‑60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Perl
- BG‑Trauma Center Murnau, D‑82418 Murnau, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D‑60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D‑60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Choi WM, Kim MH, Jeong WI. Functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells in alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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58
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Spalinger MR, Atrott K, Baebler K, Schwarzfischer M, Melhem H, Peres DR, Lalazar G, Rogler G, Scharl M, Frey-Wagner I. Administration of the Hyper-immune Bovine Colostrum Extract IMM-124E Ameliorates Experimental Murine Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:785-797. [PMID: 30590526 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is accompanied by lesions in the epithelial barrier, which allow translocation of bacterial products from the gut lumen to the host's circulation. IMM-124E is a colostrum-based product containing high levels of anti-E.coli-LPS IgG, and might limit exposure to bacterial endotoxins. Here, we investigated whether IMM-124E can ameliorate intestinal inflammation. METHODS Acute colitis was induced in WT C57Bl/6J mice by administration of 2.5% dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] for 7 days. T cell transfer colitis was induced via transfer of 0.5 x 106 naïve T cells into RAG2-/- C57Bl/6J mice. IMM-124E was administered daily by oral gavage, either preventively or therapeutically. RESULTS Treatment with IMM-124E significantly ameliorated colitis in acute DSS colitis and in T cell transfer colitis. Maximum anti-inflammatory effects were detected at an IMM-124E concentration of 100 mg/kg body weight, whereas 25 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were less effective. Histology revealed reduced levels of infiltrating immune cells and less pronounced mucosal damage. Flow cytometry revealed reduced numbers of effector T helper cells in the intestine, whereas levels of regulatory T cells were enhanced. IMM-124E treatment reduced the DSS-induced increase of serum levels of lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-binding protein, indicating reduced systemic LPS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that oral treatment with IMM-124E significantly reduces intestinal inflammation, via decreasing the accumulation of pathogenic T cells and concomitantly increasing the induction of regulatory T cells. Our study confirms the therapeutic efficacy of IMM-124E in acute colitis and suggests that administration of IMM-124E might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to induce or maintain remission in chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gadi Lalazar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Li N, Dou Z, Liu J, Chai B, Li Y, An X, Chu P, Zhang X. Therapeutic Effect of HGF on NASH Mice Through HGF/c-Met and JAK2-STAT3 Signalling Pathway. Ann Hepatol 2019; 17:501-510. [PMID: 29735799 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to ameliorate liver inflammation and fibrosis; however, the mechanism underlying its effects in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unclear. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the JAK2-STAT3 signalling pathway and the ameliorating effect of HGF on NASH. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, and then plasma and hepatic tissues were collected. Histological and clinical chemistry assays were performed to assess liver disease. The mRNA and protein levels of JAK2, STAT3, and c-Met were assessed by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Serum ALT, AST, and TG levels were increased in NASH mice. Histological analysis showed different degrees of steatosis, inflammatory infiltrates, and fibrosis in HFD animals. Exogenous administration of recombinant human (rh) HGF via the tail vein for 14 days markedly decreased ALT and AST to levels lower than those in the control group. Compared with the levels in HFD mice, c-Met, p-c-Met, JAK2, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 levels were increased in mice that were administered HGF (P < 0.05). Furthermore, silencing of HGF or blocking of its receptor c-Met affected JAK2 and STAT3 protein phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Excess HGF highly probable improved NASH liver function. Combined with its ligand, c-Met, HGF may promote the phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 and inhibit inflammation in NASH. Therefore, it may be potentially useful treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhangfeng Dou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Shanxi DaYi Hospital, Shanxi, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Peiling Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
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Lee MJ, Kim EH, Bae SJ, Kim GA, Park SW, Choe J, Jung CH, Lee WJ, Kim HK. Age-Related Decrease in Skeletal Muscle Mass Is an Independent Risk Factor for Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Gut Liver 2019; 13:67-76. [PMID: 30037166 PMCID: PMC6347003 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Sarcopenia has emerged as an important risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although aging is the main cause of sarcopenia, the longitudinal association between age-related body composition changes and NAFLD development has not been fully investigated. Thus, we evaluated whether age-related increased fat mass or decreased muscle mass is an independent risk factor for incident NAFLD. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 4,398 initially NAFLD-free subjects who underwent routine health examinations during 2004 to 2005 and returned for a follow-up during 2014 to 2015. Their body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Results At the 10-year follow-up, 591 out of 4,398 participants (13.4%) had developed NAFLD. In men and women, both increased fat mass and decreased appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) with aging were significantly associated with incident NAFLD after adjustment. A subgroup analysis according to the baseline obesity status showed that increased fat mass was significantly associated with incident NAFLD in obese and nonobese subjects. However, decreased ASM was significantly associated with incident NAFLD in nonobese but not in obese subjects. According to ΔASM tertiles (decrease of ASM), the odds ratios for incident NAFLD in nonobese subjects were 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.84) for the second tertile and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.34 to 2.45) for the third tertile after adjustment (p=0.001). Conclusions A progressive increase in fat mass and a loss of ASM with aging were significantly associated with incident NAFLD. This association was more prominent in nonobese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Ae Kim
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Park
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Choe
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stärkel P, Schnabl B, Leclercq S, Komuta M, Bataller R, Argemi J, Palma E, Chokshi S, Hellerbrand C, Maccioni L, Lanthier N, Leclercq I. Deficient IL-6/Stat3 Signaling, High TLR7, and Type I Interferons in Early Human Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Triad for Liver Damage and Fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:867-882. [PMID: 31334440 PMCID: PMC6601428 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury and its progression still remain incompletely understood. Animal models can only address some aspects of the pathophysiology that requires studies directly in humans, which are scarce. We assessed liver inflammatory and immune responses at early stages of alcoholic liver disease in a unique cohort of alcohol-dependent patients undergoing a highly standardized alcohol withdrawal program. In active drinkers, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed alcohol-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and nuclear factor kappa B in liver tissue already at early disease stages. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that this proinflammatory response was restricted to activated, CD68-positive macrophages. In parallel, down-regulation of IL-6, inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway, as well as blunted cyclin D expression in hepatocytes, reduced proliferation and favored hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of liver tissue showed that alcohol also activated the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7-interferon (IFN) axis in hepatocytes, which was confirmed in alcohol-stimulated primary human hepatocytes and precision-cut liver slices in vitro. Activation of the TLR7-IFN axis strongly correlated with liver fibrosis markers and disease progression. Two weeks of abstinence attenuated the inflammatory response but did not allow recovery of the defective Stat3 pathway or effect on fibrosis-associated factors. Conclusion: In humans, inflammation, activation of the TLR7-IFN axis, and inhibition of Stat3-dependent repair mechanisms in early alcoholic liver disease pave the way for fibrosis development and ultimately disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stärkel
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Mina Komuta
- Department of Pathology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center Pittsburgh PA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center Pittsburgh PA
| | - Elena Palma
- Institute of Hepatology Foundation for Liver Research London United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology Foundation for Liver Research London United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Luca Maccioni
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
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Liu L, Li TM, Liu XR, Bai YP, Li J, Tang N, Wang XB. MicroRNA-140 inhibits skeletal muscle glycolysis and atrophy in endotoxin-induced sepsis in mice via the WNT signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C189-C199. [PMID: 31042421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from infection. This study aimed at exploring the role of microRNA-140 (miR-140) in septic mice. Wnt family member 11 (WNT11) was verified to be a target gene of miR-140 after bioinformatic prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Importantly, miR-140 negatively regulated WNT11. We initially induced the model of sepsis by endotoxin, and then ectopic expression and knockdown experiments were performed to explore the functional role of miR-140 in sepsis. Additionally, cross-sectional areas of muscle fiber, lactic acid production, 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) and tyrosine (Tyr) production in extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscles, and serum levels of inflammatory factors were examined. The effect of miR-140 on the expression of WNT signaling pathway-related and apoptosis-related factors in skeletal muscle tissue was determined. The experimental results indicated that upregulated miR-140 or silenced WNT11 increased cross-sectional areas of muscle fiber while decreasing lactic acid production, skeletal muscle cell apoptosis [corresponding to downregulated B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 and upregulated Bcl-2], and the proteolytic rate of Tyr and 3-MH. Also, overexpressed miR-140 or silenced WNT11 reduced inflammation as reflected by decreased serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-140 was shown to suppress the activation of the WNT signaling pathway, accompanied by decreased expression of WNT11, β-catenin, and GSK-3β. Taken together, upregulation of miR-140 could potentially inhibit skeletal muscle lactate release, an indirect measure of glycolysis, and atrophy in septic mice through suppressing the WNT signaling pathway via inhibiting WNT11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Mei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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63
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Wang H, Wu T, Wang Y, Wan X, Qi J, Li L, Wang X, Luo X, Ning Q. Regulatory T cells suppress excessive lipid accumulation in alcoholic liver disease. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:922-936. [PMID: 30792182 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m083568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of hepatic immune cells from chronic alcohol consumption gives rise to inflammatory accumulation, which is considered a leading cause of liver damage. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive cell subset that plays an important role in a variety of liver diseases; however, data about pathological involvement of Tregs in liver steatosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is insufficient. In mouse models of ALD, we found that increased lipid accumulation by chronic alcohol intake was accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammatory accumulation, and Treg decline in the liver. Adoptive transfer of Tregs relieved lipid metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, inflammation, and, consequently, ameliorated the alcoholic fatty liver. Macrophages are a dominant source of inflammation in ALD. Aberrant macrophage activation and cytokine production were activated during chronic alcohol consumption, but were significantly inhibited after Treg transfer. In vitro, macrophages were co-activated by alcohol and lipopolysaccharide to mimic a condition for alcoholic liver microenvironment. Tregs suppressed monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and TNF-α production from these macrophages. However, such effects of Tregs were remarkably neutralized when interleukin (IL)-10 was blocked. Altogether, our data uncover a novel role of Tregs in restoring liver lipid metabolism in ALD, which partially relies on IL-10-mediated suppression of hepatic pro-inflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wan
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junying Qi
- Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lan Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Pediatrics Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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64
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Wang S, Wang J, Liu Y, Li H, Wang Q, Huang Z, Liu W, Shi P. Trivalent Chromium Supplementation Ameliorates Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:192-201. [PMID: 29797206 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] is recognized as an essential trace element for human health, whereas its effect on hepatic lipid metabolism has not yet been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of Cr(III) on hepatic steatosis in an oleic acid (OA) induced mice model. Mice were fed with high OA for 12 weeks to induce lipid accumulation, and co-administrated with Cr(III) supplementation. Indexes of liver lipid accumulation, associated lipid genes expression, fatty acids (FAs) profile and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. The data showed that Cr(III) supplementation could attenuate disease progress of hepatic steatosis and protect liver from high OA. After Cr(III) supplementation, elevated body weight and liver injury in steatosis mice were reversed, excessive lipid accumulation and FAs were also reduced. The up-regulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) following steatosis induction were inhibited by Cr(III). Cr(III) reduced the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α, IL-12) and restored the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) to the control values. Our results suggest that Cr(III) supplementation is a novel strategy for alleviating OA-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhongshan North No 1 Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhongshan North No 1 Road, Shanghai, 200083, China.
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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65
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Zhang C, Wang P, Li Y, Huang C, Ni W, Chen Y, Shi J, Chen G, Hu X, Ye M, Duan S, Wang K. Role of MicroRNAs in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:193-200. [PMID: 30312023 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent liver malignancy that can be developed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Numerous pathophysiological alterations, including insulin resistance, specific cytokine release, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, are involved in the transition of NAFLD to cirrhosis and HCC. MicroRNAs, as post-transcriptional modulators, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD-related HCC by regulating lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation. This review summarizes the current progress of microRNAs in the risk and prognosis of NAFLD-related HCC. Anat Rec, 302:193-200, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changxin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gongying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangrong Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Ye
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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66
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García MDC, Pazos P, Lima L, Diéguez C. Regulation of Energy Expenditure and Brown/Beige Thermogenic Activity by Interleukins: New Roles for Old Actors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2569. [PMID: 30158466 PMCID: PMC6164446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates and the burden of metabolic associated diseases are escalating worldwide Energy burning brown and inducible beige adipocytes in human adipose tissues (ATs) have attracted considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential to counteract the deleterious metabolic effects of nutritional overload and overweight. Recent research has highlighted the relevance of resident and recruited ATs immune cell populations and their signalling mediators, cytokines, as modulators of the thermogenic activity of brown and beige ATs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the developmental, cellular and functional heterogeneity of the AT organ, as well as reported molecular switches of its heat-producing machinery. We also discuss the key contribution of various interleukins signalling pathways to energy and metabolic homeostasis and their roles in the biogenesis and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Besides local actions, attention is also drawn to their influence in the central nervous system (CNS) networks governing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen García
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Pazos
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Lima
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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67
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Yin Z, Ma T, Lin Y, Lu X, Zhang C, Chen S, Jian Z. IL-6/STAT3 pathway intermediates M1/M2 macrophage polarization during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9419-9432. [PMID: 30015355 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are characterized by a high degree of drug resistance in chemotherapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. To the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the regulation of macrophage polarization, M1-type and M2-type macrophages were separately induced using lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-4 (IL-4), and we found that the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was inhibited in M1-type macrophages but activated in M2-type macrophages. After anti-IL-6-treated macrophages were separately induced by lipopolysaccharide and IL-4, we found that the inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway turned macrophages into M1-type. Co-culture with M1-type macrophages reduced HCC cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, but increased apoptosis. Co-culture with M2-type macrophages yielded reciprocal results. The inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway mediated by anti-IL6 was shown to significantly enhance the effects of M1-type macrophages on HCC cells and rescue HCC cells from co-culture with M2-type macrophages. Tumor xenografts of co-cultured HCC cells were established in nude mice and the results showed that the inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway mediated by anti-IL6 was found to reduce tumor formation of HCC cells co-cultured with M1- or M2-type macrophages and lung metastases. The current study reveals a novel mechanism of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the regulation of macrophage polarization, thus contributing to HCC metastasis and drug resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yin
- General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lin
- General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lu
- General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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68
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Zhao J, Jiao Y, Song Y, Liu J, Li X, Zhang H, Yang J, Lu Y. Stanniocalcin 2 Ameliorates Hepatosteatosis Through Activation of STAT3 Signaling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:873. [PMID: 30038584 PMCID: PMC6046442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a secreted glycoprotein hormone, regulates many biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and atherosclerosis. However, its role in hepatic triglyceride metabolism remains unknown. In the present study, we found that expression levels of STC2 were significantly reduced in the livers of leptin-deficient and high fat diet-induced obese mice. Systemic administration of STC2 recombinant protein or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of STC2 markedly attenuated hepatosteatosis and hypertriglyceridemia in obese mice. At the molecular level, we found that STC2 activated the STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit lipogenic gene expression. Consistently, in vitro studies further showed that inhibition of STAT3 signaling abolished the anti-steatotic effects of STC2. Together, our results revealed an important role of STC2 in the regulation of hepatic triglyceride metabolism, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of fatty liver and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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69
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Jing Y, Sun K, Liu W, Sheng D, Zhao S, Gao L, Wei L. Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis through the activation of hepatic progenitor cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:22-32. [PMID: 29981431 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-related disease. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory factor and it has been confirmed to promote tumor growth and poor prognosis of HCC. Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are thought to play an important role in liver injury and repair, as well as tumorigenesis. Chronic inflammation influences HPCs activation as well as differentiation. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In our study, the rat liver cancer model was constructed by DEN treatment, TNFR2-Fc fusion protein variant (TNFR2-FcV) and TNF-α-/- rats were used to detect the role of TNF-α in liver injury and tumorigenesis. And the effect of TNF-α on HPCs activation and proliferation was investigated, and the specific molecular mechanism was explored. We found that TNF-α inhibition and deletion could reduce tumor incidence but shorten survival time by increasing apoptosis and decreasing proliferation of hepatocytes. Further analysis indicated that TNF-α knochdown cloud inhibit HPCs activation and proliferation through TNFR2/STAT3 signaling pathway. And clinically TNF-α expression was correlated to HPCs activation and HCC recurrences. Our work suggested that TNF-α played a key role in liver injury and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jing
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Sheng
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanmin Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Li SQ, Wang P, Wang DM, Lu HJ, Li RF, Duan LX, Zhu S, Wang SL, Zhang YY, Wang YL. Molecular mechanism for the influence of gender dimorphism on alcoholic liver injury in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:65-81. [PMID: 29792338 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118777869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is known that women develop alcoholic liver injury more rapidly and have a lower alcohol toxic threshold than men. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The precise mechanism responsible for the sex difference needs to be determined. Female and male mice were given ethanol by intragastric infusion every day for 4 weeks. The pathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin, Sirius red, oil red O, periodic acid-Schiff, and Hochest33258 staining in the liver of female and male mice. The related gene and protein expression of hepatocytes stress, proliferation and apoptosis, glycogen synthesis, lipid metabolism, and hepatic fibrosis were also systematically analyzed in the female and male mice. Livers from ethanol-treated female mice had more serious hepatocyte necrosis, liver fibrosis ( P < 0.01), substantial micro/macrovesicular steatosis ( p < 0.01), glycogen consumption ( p < 0.05), and hepatocytes apoptosis ( p < 0.05) than ethanol-treated male mice. The expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), HSP70, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) was higher in ethanol-treated male mice than ethanol-treated female mice ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). But, the expression of Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein), Caspase 3, CYP2E1 (cytochrome P4502E1), and transforming growth factor βl had the contrary results. Our study suggested that ethanol treatment induced more expression of HSP27 and HSP70, faster hepatocyte proliferation, higher level of glycogen, and interleukin-6 signaling pathway activation, but less hepatocyte apoptosis and CYP2E1 expression in male mice than female mice, which could be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism for the influence of sex difference on alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Q Li
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - P Wang
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - D-M Wang
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - H-J Lu
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - R-F Li
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - L-X Duan
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zhu
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S-L Wang
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Wang
- 1 The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China.,3 Henan Bioengineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Choi E, Kim W, Joo SK, Park S, Park JH, Kang YK, Jin SY, Chang MS. Expression patterns of STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α are associated with development and histologic severity of hepatic steatosis: a retrospective study. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:23. [PMID: 29615085 PMCID: PMC5883355 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis renders hepatocytes vulnerable to injury, resulting in the progression of preexisting liver disease. Previous animal and cell culture studies implicated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and estrogen-receptor α in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and disease progression. However, to date there have been few studies performed using human liver tissue to study hepatic steatosis. We examined the expression patterns of mTOR, STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α in liver tissues from patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and histomorphological features of 29 patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis: 18 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 with alcoholic fatty acid disease (AFLD), and a control group (16 biliary cysts and 22 hepatolithiasis). Immunohistochemistry was performed on liver tissue using an automated immunostainer. The histologic severity of hepatic steatosis was evaluated by assessing four key histomorphologic parameters common to NAFLD and AFLD: steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis. RESULTS mTOR, phosphorylated STAT3, phosphorylated pERK, estrogen-receptor α were found to be more frequently expressed in the hepatic steatosis group than in the control group. Specifically, mTOR was expressed in 78% of hepatocytes, and ERK in 100% of hepatic stellate cells, respectively, in patients with NAFLD. Interestingly, estrogen-receptor α was diffusely expressed in hepatocytes in all NALFD cases. Phosphorylated (active) STAT3 was expressed in 73% of hepatocytes and 45% of hepatic stellate cells in patients with AFLD, and phosphorylated (active) ERK was expressed in hepatic stellate cells in all AFLD cases. Estrogen-receptor α was expressed in all AFLD cases (focally in 64% of AFLD cases, and diffusely in 36%). Phosphorylated STAT3 expression in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells correlated with severe lobular inflammation, severe ballooning degeneration and advanced fibrosis, whereas diffusely expressed estrogen-receptor α correlated with a mild stage of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate ERK activation and estrogen-receptor α may be relevant in the development of hepatic steatosis. However, diffuse expression of estrogen-receptor α would appear to impede disease progression, including hepatic fibrosis. Finally, phosphorylated STAT3 may also contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euno Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Mareunnae-ro 9, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Jin
- Department of Pathology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, 59 daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
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72
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Hu W, Lv J, Han M, Yang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Yang Y. STAT3: The art of multi-tasking of metabolic and immune functions in obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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73
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Hart KM, Fabre T, Sciurba JC, Gieseck RL, Borthwick LA, Vannella KM, Acciani TH, de Queiroz Prado R, Thompson RW, White S, Soucy G, Bilodeau M, Ramalingam TR, Arron JR, Shoukry NH, Wynn TA. Type 2 immunity is protective in metabolic disease but exacerbates NAFLD collaboratively with TGF-β. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/396/eaal3694. [PMID: 28659437 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common progressive liver disease in developed countries and is the second leading indication for liver transplantation due to the extensive fibrosis it causes. NAFLD progression is thought to be tied to chronic low-level type 1 inflammation originating in the adipose tissue during obesity; however, the specific immunological mechanisms regulating the progression of NAFLD-associated fibrosis in the liver are unclear. To investigate the immunopathogenesis of NAFLD more completely, we investigated adipose dysfunction, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis in mice that develop polarized type 1 or type 2 immune responses. Unexpectedly, obese interleukin-10 (IL-10)/IL-4-deficient mice (type 1-polarized) were highly resistant to NASH. This protection was associated with an increased hepatic interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signature. Conversely, IFN-γ-deficient mice progressed rapidly to NASH with evidence of fibrosis dependent on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-13 signaling. Unlike increasing type 1 inflammation and the marked loss of eosinophils seen in expanding adipose tissue, progression of NASH was associated with increasing eosinophilic type 2 liver inflammation in mice and human patient biopsies. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and IL-13 signaling attenuated the fibrotic machinery more completely than TGF-β alone in NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Thus, although type 2 immunity maintains healthy metabolic signaling in adipose tissues, it exacerbates the progression of NAFLD collaboratively with TGF-β in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Hart
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joshua C Sciurba
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas H Acciani
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael de Queiroz Prado
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra White
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Genevieve Soucy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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74
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Han YH, Kim HJ, Na H, Nam MW, Kim JY, Kim JS, Koo SH, Lee MO. RORα Induces KLF4-Mediated M2 Polarization in the Liver Macrophages that Protect against Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:124-135. [PMID: 28683306 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of M1/M2 polarization in liver macrophages is closely associated with the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. Here, we describe the orphan nuclear receptor retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) as a key regulator of M1/M2 polarization in hepatic residential Kupffer cells (KCs) and infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages. RORα enhanced M2 polarization in KCs by inducing the kruppel-like factor 4. M2 polarization was defective in KCs and bone-marrow-derived macrophages of the myeloid-specific RORα null mice, and these mice were susceptible to HFD-induced NASH. We found that IL-10 played an important role in connecting the function of M2 KCs to lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Importantly, M2 polarization was controlled by a RORα activator, JC1-40, which improved symptoms of NASH. Our results suggest that the M2-promoting effects of RORα in liver macrophages may provide better therapeutic strategies against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelin Na
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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75
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Kuo SC, Li Y, Cheng KC, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Niu HS. Investigation of the pronounced erythropoietin-induced reduction in hyperglycemia in type 1-like diabetic rats. Endocr J 2018; 65:181-191. [PMID: 29109360 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is known to stimulate erythropoiesis after binding with its specific receptor. In clinics, EPO is widely used in hemodialyzed patients with diabetes. However, changes in the expression of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) under diabetic conditions are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated EPOR expression both in vivo and in vitro. Streptozotocin-induced type 1-like diabetic rats (STZ rats) were used to evaluate the blood glucose-lowering effects of EPO. The expression and activity of the transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the potential signaling molecule, was investigated in cultured rat skeletal myoblast (L6) cells incubated in high-glucose (HG) medium to mimic the in vivo changes. The EPO-induced reduction in hyperglycemia was more pronounced in diabetic rats. The increased EPOR expression in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats was reversed by the reduction in hyperglycemia. Glucose uptake was also increased in high-glucose (HG)-treated L6 cells. Western blotting results indicated that the EPO-induced hyperglycemic activity was enhanced mainly through an increase in EPOR expression. Increased EPOR expression was associated with the enhanced nuclear expression of STAT3 in HG-exposed L6 cells. In addition, treatment with siRNA specific to STAT3 reversed the increased expression of EPOR observed in these cells. Treatment with Stattic at a dose sufficient to inhibit STAT3 reduced the expression level of EPOR in STZ rats. In conclusion, the increased expression of EPOR by hyperglycemia is mainly associated with an augmented expression of nuclear STAT3, which was identified both in vivo and in vitro in the present study.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Erythropoiesis/drug effects
- Erythropoietin/therapeutic use
- Hyperglycemia/etiology
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Kuo
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71701, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 97005, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 97005, Taiwan
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76
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Noh JR, Kim YH, Kim DK, Hwang JH, Kim KS, Choi DH, Lee SJ, Lee HG, Lee TG, Weng HL, Dooley S, Choi HS, Lee CH. Small Heterodimer Partner Deficiency Increases Inflammatory Liver Injury Through C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2-Driven Neutrophil Recruitment in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:254-264. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Hong-Lei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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77
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Rajbhandari P, Thomas BJ, Feng AC, Hong C, Wang J, Vergnes L, Sallam T, Wang B, Sandhu J, Seldin MM, Lusis AJ, Fong LG, Katz M, Lee R, Young SG, Reue K, Smale ST, Tontonoz P. IL-10 Signaling Remodels Adipose Chromatin Architecture to Limit Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure. Cell 2018; 172:218-233.e17. [PMID: 29249357 PMCID: PMC5766418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathways that promote adipose tissue thermogenesis are well characterized, but the limiters of energy expenditure are largely unknown. Here, we show that ablation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 improves insulin sensitivity, protects against diet-induced obesity, and elicits the browning of white adipose tissue. Mechanistic studies define bone marrow cells as the source of the IL-10 signal and adipocytes as the target cell type mediating these effects. IL-10 receptor alpha is highly enriched in mature adipocytes and is induced in response to differentiation, obesity, and aging. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq), ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq reveal that IL-10 represses the transcription of thermogenic genes in adipocytes by altering chromatin accessibility and inhibiting ATF and C/EBPβ recruitment to key enhancer regions. These findings expand our understanding of the relationship between inflammatory signaling pathways and adipose tissue function and provide insight into the physiological control of thermogenesis that could inform future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rajbhandari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon J Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiexin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Richard Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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78
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Wijarnpreecha K, Panjawatanan P, Thongprayoon C, Jaruvongvanich V, Ungprasert P. Sarcopenia and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:12-17. [PMID: 29451179 PMCID: PMC5848318 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_237_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim The association between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested by recent epidemiological studies, although the results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all available data and estimate the risk of NAFLD among patients with sarcopenia. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through November 2016 to identify all studies that compared the risk of NAFLD among patients with sarcopenia versus those without sarcopenia. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results Five cross-sectional studies with 27,804 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of NAFLD in patients with sarcopenia was significantly higher than those without sarcopenia with the pooled odds ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26). The statistical heterogeneity was high with an I2of 83%. Conclusions A significantly increased risk of NAFLD among patients with sarcopenia was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | | | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | | | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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79
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Song M, Xia L, Liu Q, Sun M, Wang F, Yang C. Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Issues to Be sResolved. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:413-433. [PMID: 30390263 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common clinical symptom in aging and patients with wasting diseases, characterized by a decreased skeletal muscle mass. As a consequence of lifestyle change, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a rising trend. In the past three decades, increasing evidence has proved that sarcopenia is related to NAFLD. In this chapter, we will summarize the emerging evidence of the predictive role of sarcopenia in NAFLD and review the diagnosis value, feasible mechanism, and therapy strategies of sarcopenia in NAFLD. Sarcopenia is a potential risk factor for NAFLD, and targeting sarcopenia can benefit NAFLD to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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80
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Snail1-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition through miR-33b. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114769-114786. [PMID: 29383119 PMCID: PMC5777731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high propensity for metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main type of stromal cells in cancer tissue, are activated by tumor cells, and play a significant role in tumor development. However, whether CAFs induce lung cancer cell metastasis, as well as pathway involved in CAF-induced lung cancer cell metastasis, is uncertain. Snail1 is a transcriptional factor whose expression in the stroma is associated with lower survival rates in patients with cancer. However, how Snail1 regulates the crosstalk between stromal cells and tumor cells when it is expressed in the stroma has not been determined. Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression is correlated with lung cancer metastasis. Our previous study of microRNAs showed that miR-33b levels were clearly reduced in lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer tissues, and miR-33b suppressed tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) when its expression was elevated. In this study, we found that co-culturing CAFs with lung cancer cells induced miR-33b downregulation and promoted epithelial cells EMT. Moreover, we found that miR-33b overexpression in lung cancer cells counteracted CAF-induced EMT. Interestingly, Snail1 expression in fibroblasts activate the inductive effects of CAFs on lung cancer cell EMT. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the communication between stromal cells and tumor cells mediated by miR-33b may lead to the identification of novel targets for the treatment of lung cancer. Additionally, understanding the role of Snail1 driving CAFs to induce lung cancer cell EMT may provide with a new perspective on the treatment of lung cancer.
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81
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Kuo SC, Li Y, Cheng KC, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Niu HS. Increase in renal erythropoietin receptors in diabetic rats is mainly mediated by hyperglycemia associated with the STAT3/GATA-1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1094-1102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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82
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Bhanji RA, Narayanan P, Allen AM, Malhi H, Watt KD. Sarcopenia in hiding: The risk and consequence of underestimating muscle dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2017; 66:2055-2065. [PMID: 28777879 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Up to one third of individuals with NAFLD will develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with progression to cirrhosis and is rapidly becoming the leading indication for liver transplantation. Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. It is observed in up to 60% of patients with end-stage liver disease and portends a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that sarcopenia is a novel risk factor for developing NAFLD. Pathophysiological mechanisms relating sarcopenia and NASH may include insulin resistance (IR) and increased inflammation. IR leads to accumulation of triglycerides in both muscle tissue and the liver. It also exacerbates proteolysis and leads to muscle depletion. Chronic inflammation leads to liver injury and progression of fibrosis. The inflammatory milieu also stimulates protein catabolism. Viewing skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ that secretes various salutary myokines may help us understand its role in the development of steatosis. A better understanding of the pathophysiology will aid in developing physical and pharmacological therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will explore the complex inter-relationships between sarcopenia and NASH. We will discuss the impact of sarcopenia in patients with NASH and therapeutic options for the management of sarcopenia. (Hepatology 2017;66:2055-2065).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima A Bhanji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Alina M Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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83
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Chiu YH, Ku PM, Cheng YZ, Li Y, Cheng JT, Niu HS. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 induced by hyperglycemia is different with that induced by lipopolysaccharide or erythropoietin via receptor‑coupled signaling in cardiac cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1311-1320. [PMID: 29115516 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is known to be involved in hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiac dysfunction. The activation of STAT3 via the phosphorylation of STAT3 is required for the production of functional activity. It has been established that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in cardiomyocytes primarily occurs through a direct receptor‑mediated action. This effect is demonstrated to be produced rapidly. STAT3 in cardiac fibrosis of diabetes is induced by high glucose through promotion of the STAT3‑associated signaling pathway. However, the time schedule for STAT3 activation between LPS and high glucose appears to be different. Therefore, the difference in STAT3 activation between LPS and hyperglycemia in cardiomyocytes requires elucidation. The present study investigated the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by LPS and hyperglycemia in the rat cardiac cell line H9c2. Additionally, phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by erythropoietin (EPO) via receptor activation was compared. Then, the downstream signals for fibrosis, including the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9, were determined using western blotting, while the mRNA levels were quantified. LPS induced a rapid elevation of STAT3 phosphorylation in H9c2 cells within 30 min, similar to that produced by EPO. However, LPS or EPO failed to modify the mRNA level of STAT3, and/or the downstream signals for fibrosis. High glucose increased STAT3 phosphorylation to be stable after a long period of incubation. Glucose incubation for 24 h may augment the STAT3 expression in a dose‑dependent manner. Consequently, fibrosis‑associated signals, including CTGF and MMP‑9 protein, were raised in parallel. In the presence of tiron, an antioxidant, these changes by hyperglycemia were markedly reduced, demonstrating the mediation of oxidative stress. Therefore, LPS‑ or EPO‑induced STAT3 phosphorylation is different compared with that caused by high glucose in H9c2 cells. Sustained activation of STAT3 by hyperglycemia may promote the expression of fibrosis‑associated signals, including CTGF and MMP‑9, in H9c2 cells. Therefore, regarding the cardiac dysfunctions associated with diabetes and/or hyperglycemia, the identification of nuclear STAT3 may be more reliable compared with the assay of phosphorylated STAT3 in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chi‑Mei Medical Center‑Liouying, Tainan 73601, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Ming Ku
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi‑Mei Medical Center‑Liouying, Tainan 73601, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Ze Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 97005, Taiwan, R.O.C
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84
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Sellmann C, Baumann A, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Nier A, Bergheim I. Oral Supplementation of Glutamine Attenuates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Nutr 2017; 147:2041-2049. [PMID: 28931589 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.253815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Universally accepted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are still lacking. Studies suggest a preventive effect of oral Gln supplementation on the development of NASH; however, whether Gln also has therapeutic potential for pre-existing NASH has not yet been clarified.Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine whether Gln prevents the progression of diet-induced NASH in mice.Methods: For 8 wk, female C57BL/6J mice (6-8 wk old) were pair-fed a liquid Western-style diet [WSD, 25% of energy from fat, 50% wt:wt fructose, 0.16% wt:wt cholesterol] or control diet (C diet) to induce liver damage. From week 8 to 13, they were pair-fed the C diet or WSD alone or supplemented with l-Gln to provide 2.1 g/kg body weight (C diet + Gln or WSD + Gln). Energy intake was adjusted to the group with the lowest energy intake. Indexes of liver damage and inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling in the liver were determined.Results: The liver histology scores significantly increased from 8 to 13 wk (+31%) in WSD-fed mice and were significantly higher than in controls (P ≤ 0.05 for both time comparisons), whereas scores did not differ between C diet-fed and WSD + Gln-fed mice after 13 wk of feeding. The occludin protein concentrations in the small intestinal tissue were similarly reduced in both WSD-fed groups when compared with controls [WSD compared with C diet (-53%) and C diet + Gln (-42%), P ≤ 0.05; WSD + Gln compared with C diet + Gln (-34%), P ≤ 0.05] after 13 wk, whereas the expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 mRNA and concentration of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts were significantly higher only in livers of WSD-fed mice (P ≤ 0.05 for the WSD group compared with all other groups; WSD + Gln group compared with the C diet groups: NS).Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that oral Gln supplementation protects mice from the progression of pre-existing, WSD-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Anja Baumann
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Anika Nier
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; and .,Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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85
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Preventive effects of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide/ d -galactosamine induced acute liver injury via regulating inflammatory response in hepatic macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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86
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Lepreux S, Villeneuve J, Dewitte A, Bérard AM, Desmoulière A, Ripoche J. CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis: Unanticipated links. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:357-369. [PMID: 27989689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity predisposes to an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis is the key pathological feature of NAFLD and has emerged as a metabolic disorder in which innate and adaptive arms of the immune response play a central role in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed unexpected relationships between CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet rodent models. CD154, the ligand of CD40, is a mediator of inflammation and controls several critical events of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the light of these reports, we discuss potential links between CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoine Dewitte
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Annie M Bérard
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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87
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Relationship between immune parameters and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:825-829. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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88
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Hardesty JE, Wahlang B, Falkner KC, Clair HB, Clark BJ, Ceresa BP, Prough RA, Cave MC. Polychlorinated biphenyls disrupt hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Xenobiotica 2017; 47:807-820. [PMID: 27458090 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1217572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that disrupt hepatic xenobiotic and intermediary metabolism, leading to metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 2. Since phenobarbital indirectly activates Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) by antagonizing growth factor binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we hypothesized that PCBs may also diminish EGFR signaling. 3. The effects of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1260 on the protein phosphorylation cascade triggered by EGFR activation were determined in murine (in vitro and in vivo) and human models (in vitro). EGFR tyrosine residue phosphorylation was decreased by PCBs in all models tested. 4. The IC50 values for Aroclor 1260 concentrations that decreased Y1173 phosphorylation of EGFR were similar in murine AML-12 and human HepG2 cells (∼2-4 μg/mL). Both dioxin and non-dioxin-like PCB congeners decreased EGFR phosphorylation in cell culture. 5. PCB treatment reduced phosphorylation of downstream EGFR effectors including Akt and mTOR, as well as other phosphoprotein targets including STAT3 and c-RAF in vivo. 6. PCBs diminish EGFR signaling in human and murine hepatocyte models and may dysregulate critical phosphoprotein regulators of energy metabolism and nutrition, providing a new mechanism of action in environmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah E Hardesty
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- b University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- c Department of Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , and
| | - Heather B Clair
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Brian P Ceresa
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA.,c Department of Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , and.,d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA.,e The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Louisville , KY , USA , and.,f The Kentucky One Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program , Louisville , KY , USA
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89
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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease with a wide spectrum of manifestations including simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver injury in ALD is caused by chronic inflammation, which has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALD for over the last four decades. In this review, we summarize a wide variety of inflammatory mediators that have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ALD, and discuss the therapeutic potential of these mediators for the treatment of ALD.
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90
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Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Uejima M, Kitade M, Takeda K, Okura Y, Kaji K, Takaya H, Nishimura N, Sato S, Sawada Y, Seki K, Kubo T, Mitoro A, Yamao J, Yoshiji H. Therapeutic strategies for alcoholic liver disease: Focusing on inflammation and fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28627645 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is the most common cause of liver disease in the world. Chronic alcohol abuse leads to liver damage, liver inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, induce liver injury, which leads to the develo-pment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hepatoprotective cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, are also associated with ALD. IL-6 improves ALD via the activation of STAT3 and the subsequent induction of a variety of hepatoprotective genes in hepatocytes. Alcohol consumption promotes liver inflammation by incre-asing the translocation of gut-derived endotoxins to the portal circulation and by activating Kupffer cells through the lipopolysaccharide/Toll-like receptor 4 pathways. Oxidative stress and microflora products are also associated with ALD. Hepatic stellate cells play an important role in angiogenesis and liver fibrosis. Anti-angiogenic therapy has been found to be effective in the prevention of fibrosis. This suggests that blocking angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic option for patients with advanced fibrosis. This review discusses the main pathways associated with liver inflammation and liver fibrosis as well as new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Kawaratani
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masakazu Uejima
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kousuke Takeda
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okura
- Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kaji
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Seki
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamao
- Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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91
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Petta S, Ciminnisi S, Di Marco V, Cabibi D, Cammà C, Licata A, Marchesini G, Craxì A. Sarcopenia is associated with severe liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:510-518. [PMID: 28028821 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia recognises insulin resistance and obesity as risk factors, and is frequently associated with cardiometabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM To test the prevalence of sarcopenia and its relation with the severity of fibrosis (main outcome) and the entire spectrum of liver histology in patients with NAFLD. METHODS We considered 225 consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of NAFLD (Kleiner score). The skeletal muscle index (%) (total appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/weight (kg) × 100), a validated measure of sarcopenia, was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle mass index ≤37 in males and ≤28 in females. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia showed a linear increase with the severity of fibrosis, and severe fibrosis (F3-F4) was more than doubled in sarcopenia (48.3% vs. 20.4% in fibrosis ≤F2, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the association of sarcopenia with severe fibrosis was maintained (OR 2.36, CI 1.16-4.77, P = 0.01), together with age > 50 (OR 6.53, CI 2.95-14.4, P < 0.001), IFG/Diabetes (OR 2.14, CI 1.05-4.35, P = 0.03) and NASH (OR 13.3, CI 1.64-108.1, P = 0.01). Similarly, a significant association was found between sarcopenia and NASH (P = 0.01), steatosis severity (P = 0.006), and ballooning (P = 0.01), but only the association with severe steatosis was maintained (OR 2.02, CI 1.06-3.83, P = 0.03) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS In Western patients with NAFLD, with high prevalence of metabolic disorders and advanced liver disease, sarcopenia was associated with the severity of fibrosis and steatosis, independently of hepatic and metabolic risk factors. Studies are needed to assess the impact of interventions to reduce sarcopenia on NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Ciminnisi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Di Marco
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Cabibi
- Cattedra di Anatomia Patologica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Cammà
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Licata
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Marchesini
- Clinical Dietetics, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Craxì
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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92
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Yang L, Miura K, Zhang B, Matsushita H, Yang YM, Liang S, Song J, Roh YS, Seki E. TRIF Differentially Regulates Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation/Fibrosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:469-483. [PMID: 28462384 PMCID: PMC5403956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is activated through 2 adaptor proteins: MyD88 and TIR-domain containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). TLR4 and MyD88 are crucial in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. However, the role of TRIF in TLR4-mediated NASH and fibrosis has been elusive. This study investigated the differential roles of TRIF in hepatic steatosis and inflammation/fibrosis. METHODS A choline-deficient amino acid defined (CDAA) diet was used for the mouse NASH model. On this diet, the mice develop hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. TLR4 wild-type and TLR4-/- bone marrow chimeric mice and TRIF-/- mice were fed CDAA or a control diet for 22 weeks. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were examined. RESULTS In the CDAA diet-induced NASH, the mice with wild-type bone marrow had higher alanine aminotransferase and hepatic tumor necrosis factor levels than the mice with TLR4-/- bone marrow. The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score showed that both wild-type and TLR4-/- bone marrow chimeras had reduced hepatic steatosis, and that both types of chimeras had similar levels of inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning to whole-body wild-type mice. Notably, wild-type recipients showed more liver fibrosis than TLR4-/- recipients. Although TRIF-/- mice showed reduced hepatic steatosis, these mice showed more liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis than wild-type mice. TRIF-/- stellate cells and hepatocytes produced more C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-C motif chemokine ligand than wild-type cells in response to lipopolysaccharide. Consistently, TRIF-/- mice showed increased CXCL1 and CCL3 expression along with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, which promotes liver inflammation and injury. CONCLUSIONS In TLR4-mediated NASH, different liver cells have distinct roles in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. TRIF promotes hepatic steatosis but it inhibits injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- BM, bone marrow
- BMT, bone marrow transplantation
- CDAA, choline-deficient amino acid defined
- DGAT2, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte Apoptosis
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LPS
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Neutrophils
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- TLR4
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Bi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shuang Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Jingyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Ekihiro Seki, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Research Building, Suite 2099, Los Angeles, California 90048. fax: (310) 423-0157.Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical Center8700 Beverly BoulevardDavis Research BuildingSuite 2099Los AngelesCalifornia 90048
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93
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Hafez MM, Hamed SS, El-Khadragy MF, Hassan ZK, Al Rejaie SS, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Hosaini KA, Al-Harbi MM, Alhoshani AR, Al-Shabanah OA, Alsharari SD. Effect of ginseng extract on the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:45. [PMID: 28086769 PMCID: PMC5237131 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver diseases are major global health problems. Ginseng extract has antioxidant, immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, ginseng group, CCl4 group and CCl4 + ginseng group. Liver injury was induced by the intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of 3 ml/kg CCl4 (30% in olive oil) weekly for 8 weeks. The control group was I.P injected with olive oil. The expression of genes encoding transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-1), type II TGF-β receptor (TβR-II), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2), Smad3, Smad4, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Collagen 1a2 (Col1a2), Collagen 3a1 (Col3a1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin -10 (IL-10) were measured by real-time PCR. Results Treatment with ginseng extract decreased hepatic fat deposition and lowered hepatic reticular fiber accumulation compared with the CCl4 group. The CCl4 group showed a significant increase in hepatotoxicity biomarkers and up-regulation of the expression of genes encoding TGF-β, TβR-I, TβR-II, MMP2, MMP9, Smad-2,-3, -4, and IL-8 compared with the control group. However, CCl4 administration resulted in the significant down-regulation of IL-10 mRNA expression compared with the control group. Interestingly, ginseng extract supplementation completely reversed the biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity and the gene expression alterations induced by CCl4. Conclusion ginseng extract had an anti‐fibrosis effect via the regulation of the TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway in the CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis model. The major target was the inhibition of the expression of TGF‐β1, Smad2, and Smad3.
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94
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Masri S, Papagiannakopoulos T, Kinouchi K, Liu Y, Cervantes M, Baldi P, Jacks T, Sassone-Corsi P. Lung Adenocarcinoma Distally Rewires Hepatic Circadian Homeostasis. Cell 2017; 165:896-909. [PMID: 27153497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls metabolic and physiological processes through finely tuned molecular mechanisms. The clock is remarkably plastic and adapts to exogenous "zeitgebers," such as light and nutrition. How a pathological condition in a given tissue influences systemic circadian homeostasis in other tissues remains an unanswered question of conceptual and biomedical importance. Here, we show that lung adenocarcinoma operates as an endogenous reorganizer of circadian metabolism. High-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed unique signatures of transcripts and metabolites cycling exclusively in livers of tumor-bearing mice. Remarkably, lung cancer has no effect on the core clock but rather reprograms hepatic metabolism through altered pro-inflammatory response via the STAT3-Socs3 pathway. This results in disruption of AKT, AMPK, and SREBP signaling, leading to altered insulin, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Thus, lung adenocarcinoma functions as a potent endogenous circadian organizer (ECO), which rewires the pathophysiological dimension of a distal tissue such as the liver. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Masri
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marlene Cervantes
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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95
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Loperamide-induced Cardiac Depression Is Enhanced by Hyperglycemia: Evidence Relevant to Loperamide Abuse. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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96
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Wang CM, Hsu CT, Niu HS, Chang CH, Cheng JT, Shieh JM. Lung damage induced by hyperglycemia in diabetic rats: The role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1426-1433. [PMID: 27481368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased evidence has shown that diabetes can be a risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis. The objective of this study was to use streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats) to assess the possible signals associated with lung damage in diabetic disorders. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in lung tissues were measured through Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Additionally, the potential mechanisms were confirmed in cultured rat lung cell line (L2) incubated in high-glucose (HG) medium to mimic the in vivo changes. The pathological changes in the lung tissues of STZ rats were characterized using the bleomycin-treated tissues as reference. Moreover, the higher expression levels of STAT3 and CTGF in the lung tissues of STZ rats were reversed by treating the hyperglycemia. CTGF expression increased following the higher expression of STAT3 in the cultured L2 cells exposed to HG, and this change was reversed by siRNA treatment specific for STAT3. Stattic, at a dose sufficient to inhibit STAT3, reduced the CTGF levels in the lungs of STZ rats. In conclusion, STAT3 enhanced CTGF expression in a type-1 diabetes model associated with lung damage. Thus, STAT3 inhibitors may be developed to improve diabetes-induced lung damage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Min Wang
- Chest Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center- Liouying, Liouying, Tainan City, Taiwan 73601
| | - Chao-Tien Hsu
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan 82401
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan 97005
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan 71003; Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan 71003
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan 71003; Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Gueiren, Tainan City, Taiwan 71101.
| | - Jiunn-Min Shieh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan 71003.
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97
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Yeluru A, Cuthbert JA, Casey L, Mitchell MC. Alcoholic Hepatitis: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Approach to Treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:246-55. [PMID: 26842243 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is an inflammatory disorder of the liver characterized clinically by jaundice, hepatomegaly, and abdominal pain, and histologically by macrovesicular steatosis and necroinflammation. METHODS This clinical review will cover what is known about the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, current treatments, and novel therapies for AH. RESULTS The pathogenesis and treatment of AH remain areas of active research. Although abstinence is the cornerstone of therapy for all stages of alcoholic liver disease, corticosteroids have shown modest short-term benefits in treatment of severe AH. CONCLUSIONS Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of AH has expanded the range of potential treatments for this devastating disease. Several novel therapies are also currently in various stages of testing through clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A Cuthbert
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lisa Casey
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mack C Mitchell
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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98
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Sesamin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in rats on a high-fat diet via LXRα and PPARα. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1022-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Bavia L, Cogliati B, Dettoni JB, Ferreira Alves VA, Isaac L. The complement component C5 promotes liver steatosis and inflammation in murine non-alcoholic liver disease model. Immunol Lett 2016; 177:53-61. [PMID: 27477770 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NALD) is considering a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Although the pathogenesis of NALD is not completely understood, insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines are implicated. Considering that component C5 is a central mediator of inflammation, we investigated the role of C5 in the establishment of NALD. Eight to ten-week old B6 C5(+) and A/J C5(-) male mice were fed a high fat diet containing glucose (HFDG) for 6 and 10 weeks. We observed that B6 C5(+) mice HFDG-fed for 10 weeks developed hepatomegaly, triglycerides (TG) accumulation, steatosis and enhanced liver TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IL-17 levels when compared to A/J C5(-) mice. Next, B6 C5(+) mice were compared with congenic B6 C5(-) mice. Again, B6 C5(+) HFDG-fed mice developed more steatosis, liver centro-lobular inflammation and presented higher levels of liver IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-17 and TFG-β than B6 C5(-) mice under the same conditions. B6 C5(+) mice HFDG-fed also presented lower concentrations of serum albumin, serum cholesterol, blood leukocytes and liver NO production when compared with B6 C5(-) mice. We concluded that murine C5 contributes effectively to liver steatosis and inflammation in NALD pathogenesis. In addition, C5 is also important to control serum cholesterol and albumin levels in the C57BL/6 genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Bavia
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lourdes Isaac
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lee BR, Kwon BE, Hong EH, Shim A, Song JH, Kim HM, Chang SY, Kim YJ, Kweon MN, Youn JI, Ko HJ. Interleukin-10 attenuates tumour growth by inhibiting interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signalling in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:156-64. [PMID: 27431309 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a well-characterized anti-inflammatory cytokine, but its role in anti-cancer immunity is controversial. After injection with TC-1 cancer cells, we observed more rapid tumour growth and significantly higher interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in IL-10 knockout (IL-10(-/-)) mice than wild-type (WT) mice. Blocking IL-6 with an anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited tumour growth and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) generation, which were significantly increased in IL-10-deficient mice. MDSCs and tumour cells from IL-10(-/-) mice had increased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) levels. Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor, S3I, reduced tumour growth, inhibited MDSC expansion, reduced IL-6 in tumours, and relieved T cell suppression. The combination of anti-IL-6R mAb and S3I further inhibited tumour growth compared to S3I treatment alone. These results suggested that the inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3 signalling axis is a candidate anti-cancer strategy, especially under systemic inflammatory conditions with high IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ra Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Hong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Aeri Shim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Hong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Lab., Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Je-In Youn
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon 25159, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080 South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
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