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Patel AK, Trivedi P, Balani K. Carbon Nanotube Functionalization Decreases Osteogenic Differentiation in Aluminum Oxide Reinforced Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1242-1256. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Patel
- Biomaterials
Processing and
Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Pramanshu Trivedi
- Biomaterials
Processing and
Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kantesh Balani
- Biomaterials
Processing and
Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Rodrigues BVM, Leite NCS, Cavalcanti BDN, da Silva NS, Marciano FR, Corat EJ, Webster TJ, Lobo AO. Graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2569-85. [PMID: 27358560 PMCID: PMC4912317 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) is an emergent bioceramic that shows similar chemical and crystallographic properties as the mineral phase present in bone. However, nHAp presents low fracture toughness and tensile strength, limiting its application in bone tissue engineering. Conversely, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used for composite applications due to their excellent mechanical and physicochemical properties, although their hydrophobicity usually impairs some applications. To improve MWCNT wettability, oxygen plasma etching has been applied to promote MWCNT exfoliation and oxidation and to produce graphene oxide (GO) at the end of the tips. Here, we prepared a series of nHAp/MWCNT-GO nanocomposites aimed at producing materials that combine similar bone characteristics (nHAp) with high mechanical strength (MWCNT-GO). After MWCNT production and functionalization to produce MWCNT-GO, ultrasonic irradiation was employed to precipitate nHAp onto the MWCNT-GO scaffolds (at 1-3 wt%). We employed various techniques to characterize the nanocomposites, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and gas adsorption (the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method). We used simulated body fluid to evaluate their bioactivity and human osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) to evaluate cytocompatibility. We also investigated their bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. TEM analysis revealed homogeneous distributions of nHAp crystal grains along the MWCNT-GO surfaces. All nanocomposites were proved to be bioactive, since carbonated nHAp was found after 21 days in simulated body fluid. All nanocomposites showed potential for biomedical applications with no cytotoxicity toward osteoblasts and impressively demonstrated a bactericidal effect without the use of antibiotics. All of the aforementioned properties make these materials very attractive for bone tissue engineering applications, either as a matrix or as a reinforcement material for numerous polymeric nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno VM Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Nelly CS Leite
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Bruno das Neves Cavalcanti
- Department of Cardiology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Newton S da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tissue, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), University of Vale Do Paraiba (UNIVAP)
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Evaldo J Corat
- Associated Laboratory of Sensors and Materials, National Institute for Space Research, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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Ajami S, Coathup MJ, Khoury J, Blunn GW. Augmenting the bioactivity of polyetheretherketone using a novel accelerated neutral atom beam technique. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1438-1446. [PMID: 27086858 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an alternative to metallic implants in orthopedic applications; however, PEEK is bioinert and does not osteointegrate. In this study, an accelerated neutral atom beam technique (ANAB) was employed to improve the bioactivity of PEEK. The aim was to investigate the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human osteoblasts (hOB), and skin fibroblasts (BR3G) on PEEK and ANAB PEEK. METHODS The surface roughness and contact angle of PEEK and ANAB PEEK was measured. Cell metabolic activity, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured and cell attachment was determined by quantifying adhesion plaques with cells. RESULTS ANAB treatment increased the surface hydrophilicity [91.74 ± 4.80° (PEEK) vs. 74.82 ± 2.70° (ANAB PEEK), p < 0.001] but did not alter the surface roughness. Metabolic activity and proliferation for all cell types significantly increased on ANAB PEEK compared to PEEK (p < 0.05). Significantly increased cell attachment was measured on ANAB PEEK surfaces. MSCs seeded on ANAB PEEK in the presence of osteogenic media, expressed increased levels of ALP compared to untreated PEEK (p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that ANAB treatment increased the cell attachment, metabolic activity, and proliferation on PEEK. ANAB treatment may improve the osteointegration of PEEK implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1438-1446, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ajami
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics, Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - M J Coathup
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics, Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Khoury
- Exogenesis Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts, 01821
| | - G W Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics, Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
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Gerges I, Tamplenizza M, Lopa S, Recordati C, Martello F, Tocchio A, Ricotti L, Arrigoni C, Milani P, Moretti M, Lenardi C. Creep-resistant dextran-based polyurethane foam as a candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering: Synthesis, chemico-physical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1163565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Gerges
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- Tensive s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tamplenizza
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- Tensive s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - S. Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Recordati
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Martello
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- Tensive s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - A. Tocchio
- SEMM, European School of Molecular Medicine, Campus IFOM-IEO, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - C. Arrigoni
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Milani
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - C. Lenardi
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l’innovazione, Milan, Italy
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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von Wilmowsky C, Schlegel KA, Baran C, Nkenke E, Neukam FW, Moest T. Peri-implant defect regeneration in the diabetic pig: A preclinical study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:827-34. [PMID: 27209350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to establish a peri-implant dehiscence-type bone defect in a diabetic animal model of human bone repair and to quantify the influence of diabetes on peri-implant bone regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental diabetes was induced in three domestic pigs by streptozotocin. Three animals served as healthy controls. After 12 months four standardized peri-implant dehiscence bone defects were surgically created in the ramus mandibulae. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days. Samples were histologically analyzed to quantify new bone height (NBH), bone-to-implant-contact (BIC), area of newly formed bone (NFB), bone-density (BD), and bone mineralization (BM) in the prepared defect (-D) and in a local control region (-L). RESULTS After 90 days, diabetic animals revealed a significantly lower BIC (p = 0.037) and BD (p = 0.041) in the defect area (-D). NBH and BM-D differences within the groups were not significant (p > 0.05). Significant more NFB was measured in the healthy control group (p = 0.046). In the region of local bone BIC-L was significant less in the diabetic group (p = 0.028). In the local control region BD-L and BM-L was lower in the diabetic group compared to the healthy control animals (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Histological evidence indicates impaired peri-implant defect regeneration in a diabetic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Wilmowsky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Baran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emeka Nkenke
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Nakamura M, Hori N, Ando H, Namba S, Toyama T, Nishimiya N, Yamashita K. Surface free energy predominates in cell adhesion to hydroxyapatite through wettability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:283-92. [PMID: 26952425 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial adhesion of cells to biomaterials is critical in the regulation of subsequent cell behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate a mechanism through which the surface wettability of biomaterials can be improved and determine the effects of biomaterial surface characteristics on cellular behaviors. We investigated the surface characteristics of various types of hydroxyapatite after sintering in different atmospheres and examined the effects of various surface characteristics on cell adhesion to study cell-biomaterial interactions. Sintering atmosphere affects the polarization capacity of hydroxyapatite by changing hydroxide ion content and grain size. Compared with hydroxyapatite sintered in air, hydroxyapatite sintered in saturated water vapor had a higher polarization capacity that increased surface free energy and improved wettability, which in turn accelerated cell adhesion. We determined the optimal conditions of hydroxyapatite polarization for the improvement of surface wettability and acceleration of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan.
| | - Naoko Hori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, Nihon University, 1-5-1 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1018308, Japan
| | - Saki Namba
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan; Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, Nihon University, 1-5-1 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1018308, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyama
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, Nihon University, 1-5-1 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1018308, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishimiya
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, Nihon University, 1-5-1 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1018308, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
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Jang HL, Zheng GB, Park J, Kim HD, Baek HR, Lee HK, Lee K, Han HN, Lee CK, Hwang NS, Lee JH, Nam KT. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Whitlockite Biocompatibility: Comparative Study with Hydroxyapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:128-36. [PMID: 25963732 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomimicking ceramics have been developed to induce efficient recovery of damaged hard tissues. Among them, calcium phosphate-based bioceramics have been the most widely used because of their similar composition with human hard tissue and excellent biocompatibilities. However, the incomplete understanding of entire inorganic phases in natural bone has limited the recreation of complete bone compositions. In this work, broad biomedical evaluation of whitlockite (WH: Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12), which is the secondary inorganic phase in bone, is conducted to better understand human hard tissue and to seek potential application as a biomaterial. Based on the recently developed gram-scale method for synthesizing WH nanoparticles, the properties of WH as a material for cellular scaffolding and bone implants are assessed and compared to those of hydroxyapatite (HAP: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP: β-Ca3(PO4)2). WH-reinforced composite scaffolds facilitate bone-specific differentiation compared to HAP-reinforced composite scaffolds. Additionally, WH implants induce similar or better bone regeneration in calvarial defects in a rat model compared to HAP and β-TCP implants, with intermediate resorbability. New findings of the properties of WH that distinguish it from HAP and β-TCP are significant in understanding human hard tissue, mimicking bone tissue at the nanoscale and designing functional bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Lin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Guang Bin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National; University Boramae Medical Center; Seoul 156-707 South Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji 133000 Jilin Province China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 110-744 South Korea
| | - Jungha Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Hwan D. Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Hae-Ri Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National; University Boramae Medical Center; Seoul 156-707 South Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Keunho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Heung Nam Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Choon-Ki Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 110-744 South Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National; University Boramae Medical Center; Seoul 156-707 South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
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Nakamura M, Hiratai R, Hentunen T, Salonen J, Yamashita K. Hydroxyapatite with High Carbonate Substitutions Promotes Osteoclast Resorption through Osteocyte-like Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:259-267. [PMID: 33418638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of ceramic biomaterials in the repair of bone defects varies from materials that purely fill the physical defects of the injured bone to scaffolds that control cellular behaviors. In this study, we investigated the osteoclast formation related to the osteoconductivity of ceramic biomaterials. We performed in vitro cocultures using osteocyte-like cells and bone marrow cells and in vivo implantations of hydroxyapatite with different amounts of carbonate substitutions into rat femurs. The analyses of the cocultures revealed that bone marrow cells differentiated into osteoclasts and were activated to resorb the substratum when grown on hydroxyapatite with higher numbers of carbonate substitutions. This was indicated by the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand that induce osteoclast differentiation by osteocyte-like cells and characteristic resorption pits. The increased osteoclastogenesis in vivo was observed near the hydroxyapatite with more carbonate substitutions after implantation into the rat femurs. These results suggest that the content of carbonate ions in an apatite crystal lattice has an inductive effect on osteoclastogenesis in the vicinity of the implanted ceramic biomaterial. The results contribute to the design of biomaterials that would be resorbed by osteoclasts after fulfilling their primary function as scaffolds for cell growth and eventually bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Rumi Hiratai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Teuvo Hentunen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Salonen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
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Nonhoff J, Moest T, Schmitt CM, Weisel T, Bauer S, Schlegel KA. Establishment of a new pull-out strength testing method to quantify early osseointegration-An experimental pilot study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1966-73. [PMID: 26616405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The animal study aims to evaluate a new experimental model for measuring sole the influence of the surface characteristics independent from implant macro-design on the level of osseointegration by registering the pull-out strength needed for removal of experimental devices with different surfaces from artificial defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two test bodies (36 with the FRIADENT(®) plus surface, 36 with the P15/HAp biofunctionalized surface) were inserted in six adult domestic pigs with artificial calvarial defects. The experimental devices were designed to fit in the defects leaving a gap between the test body and the local bone. After 21 days of healing, the animals were sacrificed and the test bodies were pulled out with a standardised reproducible pull-out device measuring the pull-out strength. The pull-out strength for both groups was compared. RESULTS Twenty-one days after insertion a mean force of 412 ± 142 N for the P15/HAp group and 183 ± 105 N for the FRIADENT(®) plus group was measured for the removal of the specimens from the calvarial bone. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The experimental set-up seems to be a suitable method when measuring the impact of implant surfaces on the early stage of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nonhoff
- DENTSPLY Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Martin Schmitt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Weisel
- DENTSPLY Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Bauer
- DENTSPLY Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K A Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Taniguchi Y, Kakura K, Yamamoto K, Kido H, Yamazaki J. Accelerated Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation on Zirconia with Surface Grooves Created with Fiber Laser Irradiation. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:883-894. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Taniguchi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Fukuoka Dental College; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kae Kakura
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Fukuoka Dental College; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Katsuki Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Fukuoka Dental College; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kido
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Fukuoka Dental College; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science & Molecular Biology; Fukuoka Dental College; Fukuoka Japan
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Kaluđerović MR, Schreckenbach JP, Graf HL. Plasma-electrochemical deposition of porous zirconia on titanium-based dental material and in vitro interactions with primary osteoblasts cells. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:711-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215582111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three new porous zirconia-coated titanium materials using anodic plasma-electrochemical oxidation have been fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. These ZrO2/TiO2 surfaces contained up to 43 wt% of ZrO2, 49 wt% TiO2 (M1–M3) and 8 wt% P2O5 (M2, M3). Zirconium titanate was detected as dominant microcrystalline phase. Primary human osteoblast cells were used for in vitro investigations. Cell proliferation and immunohistochemical analyses of morphology and expression of bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin were performed. Novel coatings M2 and M3 were shown to induce proliferation and expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein to the extent comparable to that of Ticer, a material already employed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena R Kaluđerović
- Department of Oral, Maxillary, Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schreckenbach
- ZL Microdent, Breckerfeld, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Hans-Ludwig Graf
- Department of Oral, Maxillary, Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Cellular responses evoked by different surface characteristics of intraosseous titanium implants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:171945. [PMID: 25767803 PMCID: PMC4341860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/171945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The properties of biomaterials, including their surface microstructural topography and their surface chemistry or surface energy/wettability, affect cellular responses such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The nanotopography of moderately rough implant surfaces enhances the production of biological mediators in the peri-implant microenvironment with consequent recruitment of differentiating osteogenic cells to the implant surface and stimulates osteogenic maturation. Implant surfaces with moderately rough topography and with high surface energy promote osteogenesis, increase the ratio of bone-to-implant contact, and increase the bonding strength of the bone to the implant at the interface. Certain features of implant surface chemistry are also important in enhancing peri-implant bone wound healing. It is the purpose of this paper to review some of the more important features of titanium implant surfaces which have an impact on osseointegration.
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Nakamura M, Hori N, Namba S, Toyama T, Nishimiya N, Yamashita K. Wettability and surface free energy of polarised ceramic biomaterials. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:011001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Since Brånemark discovered the favorable effects of titanium in bone healing in 1965, titanium has emerged as the gold standard bulk material for present-time dental implantology. In the course of years researchers aimed for improvement of the implants performance in bone even at compromised implant sites and multiple factors were investigated influencing osseointegration. This review summarizes and clarifies the four factors that are currently recognized being relevant to influence the tissue-implant contact ratio: bulk materials and coatings, topography, surface energy, and biofunctionalization. The macrodesigns of bulk materials (e.g., titanium, zirconium, stainless steel, tantalum, and magnesium) provide the mechanical stability and their influence on bone cells can be additionally improved by surface treatment with various materials (calcium phosphates, strontium, bioglasses, diamond-like carbon, and diamond). Surface topography can be modified via different techniques to increase the bone-implant contact, for example, plasma-spraying, grit-blasting, acid-etching, and microarc oxidation. Surface energy (e.g., wettability and polarity) showed a strong effect on cell behavior and cell adhesion. Functionalization with bioactive molecules (via physisorption, covalent binding, or carrier systems) targets enhanced osseointegration. Despite the satisfying clinical results of presently used dental implant materials, further research on innovative implant surfaces is inevitable to pursuit perfection in soft and hard tissue performance.
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66
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Bellucci D, Sola A, Salvatori R, Anesi A, Chiarini L, Cannillo V. Sol–gel derived bioactive glasses with low tendency to crystallize: Synthesis, post-sintering bioactivity and possible application for the production of porous scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:573-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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67
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Goriainov V, Cook R, M. Latham J, G. Dunlop D, Oreffo RO. Bone and metal: an orthopaedic perspective on osseointegration of metals. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4043-57. [PMID: 24932769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The area of implant osseointegration is of major importance, given the predicted significant rise in the number of orthopaedic procedures and an increasingly ageing population. Osseointegration is a complex process involving a number of distinct mechanisms affected by the implant bulk properties and surface characteristics. Our understanding and ability to modify these mechanisms through alterations in implant design is continuously expanding. The following review considers the main aspects of material and surface alterations in metal implants, and the extent of their subsequent influence on osseointegration. Clinically, osseointegration results in asymptomatic stable durable fixation of orthopaedic implants. The complexity of achieving this outcome through incorporation and balance of contributory factors is highlighted through a clinical case report.
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68
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Physicochemical characteristics of bone substitutes used in oral surgery in comparison to autogenous bone. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:320790. [PMID: 25143936 PMCID: PMC4119630 DOI: 10.1155/2014/320790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone substitutes used in oral surgery include allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials that are frequently used to compensate bone loss or to reinforce repaired bone, but little is currently known about their physicochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate a number of physical and chemical properties in a variety of granulated mineral-based biomaterials used in dentistry and to compare them with those of autogenous bone. Autogenous bone and eight commercial biomaterials of human, bovine, and synthetic origins were studied by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and laser diffraction to determine their chemical composition, calcium release concentration, crystallinity, and granulation size. The highest calcium release concentration was 24. 94 mg/g for Puros and the lowest one was 2.83 mg/g for Ingenios β-TCP compared to 20.15 mg/g for natural bone. The range of particles sizes, in terms of median size D50, varied between 1.32 μm for BioOss and 902.41 μm for OsteoSponge, compared to 282.1 μm for natural bone. All samples displayed a similar hexagonal shape as bone, except Ingenios β-TCP, Macrobone, and OsteoSponge, which showed rhomboid and triclinic shapes, respectively. Commercial bone substitutes significantly differ in terms of calcium concentration, particle size, and crystallinity, which may affect their in vivo performance.
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69
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Gittens RA, Scheideler L, Rupp F, Hyzy SL, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: Biological and clinical aspects. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2907-18. [PMID: 24709541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dental and orthopedic implants have been under continuous advancement to improve their interactions with bone and ensure a successful outcome for patients. Surface characteristics such as surface topography and surface chemistry can serve as design tools to enhance the biological response around the implant, with in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies confirming their effects. However, the comprehensive design of implants to promote early and long-term osseointegration requires a better understanding of the role of surface wettability and the mechanisms by which it affects the surrounding biological environment. This review provides a general overview of the available information about the contact angle values of experimental and of marketed implant surfaces, some of the techniques used to modify surface wettability of implants, and results from in vitro and clinical studies. We aim to expand the current understanding on the role of wettability of metallic implants at their interface with blood and the biological milieu, as well as with bacteria, and hard and soft tissues.
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70
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A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces I: theoretical and experimental aspects. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2894-906. [PMID: 24590162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The surface wettability of biomaterials determines the biological cascade of events at the biomaterial/host interface. Wettability is modulated by surface characteristics, such as surface chemistry and surface topography. However, the design of current implant surfaces focuses mainly on specific micro- and nanotopographical features, and is still far from predicting the concomitant wetting behavior. There is an increasing interest in understanding the wetting mechanisms of implant surfaces and the role of wettability in the biological response at the implant/bone or implant/soft tissue interface. Fundamental knowledge related to the influence of surface roughness (i.e. a quantification of surface topography) on titanium and titanium alloy surface wettability, and the different associated wetting regimes, can improve our understanding of the role of wettability of rough implant surfaces on the biological outcome. Such an approach has been applied to biomaterial surfaces only in a limited way. Focusing on titanium dental and orthopaedic implants, the present study reviews the current knowledge on the wettability of biomaterial surfaces, encompassing basic and applied aspects that include measurement techniques, thermodynamic aspects of wetting and models predicting topographical and roughness effects on the wetting behavior.
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71
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Agnihotri R, Gaur S. Implications of tobacco smoking on the oral health of older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14:526-40. [PMID: 24697929 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the foremost health risk issue affecting individuals of all age groups globally. It specifically influences the geriatric population as a result of chronic exposure to toxins. Its role in various systemic and oral diseases including cancer, premalignant lesions, periodontitis, tooth loss, dental caries and implant failures is well established. Smoking causes immuno-inflammatory imbalances resulting in increased oxidative stress in the body. The latter hastens the immunosenescence and inflammaging process, which increases the susceptibility to infections. Thus, implementation of smoking cessation programs among older adults is imperative to prevent the development and progression of oral and systemic diseases. The present review focuses on smoking-associated oral health problems in older adults, and the steps required for cessation of the habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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72
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Maleki-Ghaleh H, Hajizadeh K, Hadjizadeh A, Shakeri MS, Ghobadi Alamdari S, Masoudfar S, Aghaie E, Javidi M, Zdunek J, Kurzydlowski KJ. Electrochemical and cellular behavior of ultrafine-grained titanium in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:299-304. [PMID: 24863228 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical and cellular behavior of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) with both ultrafine-grained (UFG) and coarse-grained (CG) microstructure was evaluated in this study. Equal channel angular pressing was used to produce the UFG structure titanium. Polarization and electrochemical impedance tests were carried out in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C. Cellular behaviors of samples were assessed using fibroblast cells. Results of the investigations illustrate the improvement of both corrosion and biological behavior of UFG CP-Ti in comparison with the CG counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maleki-Ghaleh
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - K Hajizadeh
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Hadjizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Excellence on Biomaterials, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - M S Shakeri
- Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Ghobadi Alamdari
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Masoudfar
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - E Aghaie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - M Javidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - J Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K J Kurzydlowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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73
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Grossi-Oliveira GA, Antunes AA, Elias CN, Wennerberg A, Sennerby L, Salata LA. Early Osseointegration Events on Neoss® ProActive and Bimodal Implants: A Comparison of Different Surfaces in an Animal Model. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 17:1060-72. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Nelson Elias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science; Military Institute of Engineering; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Lars Sennerby
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Göteborg Sweden
| | - Luiz Antonio Salata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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74
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Kim SE, Yun YP, Park K, Kim HJ, Lee DW, Kim JW, Yang DH, Suh DH. The effects of functionalized titanium with alendronate and bone morphogenic protein-2 for improving osteoblast activity. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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75
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
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76
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Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Rettew R, Butera RJ, Alamgir FM, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Electrical polarization of titanium surfaces for the enhancement of osteoblast differentiation. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:599-612. [PMID: 23996899 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been used clinically to promote bone regeneration in cases of fractures with delayed union or nonunion, with several in vitro and in vivo reports suggesting its beneficial effects on bone formation. However, the use of electrical stimulation of titanium (Ti) implants to enhance osseointegration is less understood, in part because of the few in vitro models that attempt to represent the in vivo environment. In this article, the design of a new in vitro system that allows direct electrical stimulation of osteoblasts through their Ti substrates without the flow of exogenous currents through the media is presented, and the effect of applied electrical polarization on osteoblast differentiation and local factor production was evaluated. A custom-made polycarbonate tissue culture plate was designed to allow electrical connections directly underneath Ti disks placed inside the wells, which were supplied with electrical polarization ranging from 100 to 500 mV to stimulate MG63 osteoblasts. Our results show that electrical polarization applied directly through Ti substrates on which the cells are growing in the absence of applied electrical currents may increase osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in a voltage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A Gittens
- Center for Drug Discovery and Biodiversity, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT), Panama City, Republic of Panama
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77
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Chowdhary R, Halldin A, Jimbo R, Wennerberg A. Influence of Micro Threads Alteration on Osseointegration and Primary Stability of Implants: An FEA and In Vivo Analysis in Rabbits. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17:562-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Anders Halldin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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78
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Wang S, Kowal TJ, Marei MK, Falk MM, Jain H. Nanoporosity significantly enhances the biological performance of engineered glass tissue scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1632-40. [PMID: 23427819 PMCID: PMC3665319 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoporosity is known to impact the performance of implants and scaffolds such as bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds, either by providing a higher concentration of bioactive chemical species from enhanced surface area, or due to inherent nanoscale topology, or both. To delineate the role of these two characteristics, BG scaffolds have been fabricated with nearly identical surface area (81 and 83±2 m(2)/g) but significantly different pore size (av. 3.7 and 17.7 nm) by varying both the sintering temperature and the ammonia concentration during the solvent exchange phase of the sol-gel fabrication process. In vitro tests performed with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells on such scaffolds show that initial cell attachment is increased on samples with the smaller nanopore size, providing the first direct evidence of the influence of nanopore topography on cell response to a bioactive structure. Furthermore, in vivo animal tests in New Zealand rabbits (subcutaneous implantation) indicate that nanopores promote colonization and cell penetration into these scaffolds, further demonstrating the favorable effects of nanopores in tissue-engineering-relevant BG scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Tia J. Kowal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Mona K. Marei
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Matthias M. Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Himanshu Jain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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79
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Oliveira DP, Palmieri A, Carinci F, Bolfarini C. Osteoblasts behavior on chemically treated commercially pure titanium surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1816-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Oliveira
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos Brazil
| | - A. Palmieri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - F. Carinci
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - C. Bolfarini
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos Brazil
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80
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Bellucci D, Sola A, Cannillo V. Bioactive glass-based composites for the production of dense sintered bodies and porous scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2138-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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81
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Sista S, Nouri A, Li Y, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. Cell biological responses of osteoblasts on anodized nanotubular surface of a titanium-zirconium alloy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3416-30. [PMID: 23559548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anodization of titanium and its alloys, under controlled conditions, generates a nanotubular architecture on the material surface. The biological consequences of such changes are poorly understood, and therefore, we have analyzed the cellular and molecular responses of osteoblasts that were plated on nanotubular anodized surface of a titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Upon comparing these results with those obtained on acid etched and polished surfaces of the same alloy, we observed a significant increase in adhesion and proliferation of cells on anodized surfaces as compared to acid etched or polished surface. The expression of genes related to cell adhesion was high only on anodized TiZr, but that of genes related to osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin protein and extracellular matrix secretion were higher on both anodized and acid etched surfaces. Examination of surface morphology, topography, roughness, surface area and wettability using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry, showed that higher surface area, hydrophilicity, and nanoscale roughness of nanotubular TiZr surfaces, which were generated specifically by the anodization process, could strongly enhance the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. We propose that biological properties of known bioactive titanium alloys can be further enhanced by generating nanotubular surfaces using anodization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Sista
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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82
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Nakamura M, Hentunen T, Salonen J, Nagai A, Yamashita K. Characterization of bone mineral-resembling biomaterials for optimizing human osteoclast differentiation and resorption. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3141-51. [PMID: 23554241 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioresorption is a biological mechanism by which biomaterials are resorbed and thereby disappear from implantation sites partially or completely over a period of time. Osteoclast-medicated bioresorption is a possible new advantage to incorporate material degradation into remodeling in bone metabolism process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteoclastogenesis and bioresorption of synthesized calcium phosphate materials. Differentiation into mature human osteoclasts on carbonated hydroxyapatite (CA) was significantly enhanced compared to hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate, based on the quantitative gene expressions of molecular markers for osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts adhered and differentiated into giant multinuclear TRAP-positive cells on every type of synthesized sample based on the histological analysis. Morphological observations using fluorescence and quantitative analysis revealed that the actin rings of osteoclasts on CA were thick, small in diameter and co-localized with vinculin, similar to the rings found on bone slices. In contrast, the actin rings of osteoclasts on HA and culture dishes were thin and large in diameter. Scanning electron microscopic images and quantitative analysis indicated that the resorption pits on CA were significantly deeper than those on HA due to the enhanced tight sealing ability between osteoclasts and their substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 1010062, Japan
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83
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The effect of crystallographic orientation of titanium substrate on the structure and bioperformance of hydroxyapatite coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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84
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Kummer KM, Taylor EN, Durmas NG, Tarquinio KM, Ercan B, Webster TJ. Effects of different sterilization techniques and varying anodized TiO₂ nanotube dimensions on bacteria growth. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:677-88. [PMID: 23359494 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection of titanium (Ti)-based orthopedic implants is a growing problem due to the ability of bacteria to develop a resistance to today's antibiotics. As an attempt to develop a new strategy to combat bacteria functions, Ti was anodized in the present study to possess different diameters of nanotubes. It is reported here for the first time that Ti anodized to possess 20 nm tubes then followed by heat treatment to remove fluorine deposited from the HF anodization electrolyte solution significantly reduced both S. aureus and S. epidermidis growth compared to unanodized Ti controls. It was further found that the sterilization method used for both anodized nanotubular Ti and conventional Ti played an important role in the degree of bacteria growth on these substrates. Overall, UV light and ethanol sterilized samples decreased bacteria growth, while autoclaving resulted in the highest amount of bacteria growth. In summary, this study indicated that through a simple and inexpensive process, Ti can be anodized to possess 20 nm tubes that no matter how sterilized (UV light, ethanol soaking, or autoclaving) reduces bacteria growth and, thus, shows great promise as an antibacterial implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Kummer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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85
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Surface Characteristics of Nanostructure Formed on Sand Blasted with Large Grit and Acid Etched Dental Implant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to apply nanotechnology to dental implant for improved osseointegration. Titania nanostructures were fabricated on the sand blasted with large grit and acid etched (SA) titanium (ASTM grade 4) implants (TSIII SA®, Osstem, 3.5 x 5 mm) using potentiostatic anodic oxidation in HF. The nanostructures were uniformly formed on the SA surface. The mean pore size of nanostructure was about 30 nm. In the result of torque test, the nanostructure formed on SA surface was preserved from the torque, even after the loading of 40Ncm. An amorphous titania nanostructure was annealed at 400 °C. Through heat treatment, the amorphous titania nanostructure was turned into anatase phase. Hydrofluoric acid was used as the electrolyte to form nanostructure. In the result of ion release test, however, fluoride ions were not detected at the heat treated group. Therefore, such nanostructured SA implant (Nano-SA) will be suitable for dental implant.
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86
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87
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Singh A, Gupta A, Yadav A, Chaturvedi TP, Bhatnagar A, Singh BP. Immediate placement of implant in fresh extraction socket with early loading. Contemp Clin Dent 2012; 3:S219-22. [PMID: 23230368 PMCID: PMC3514938 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant placement in maxillary anterior region has most aesthetic challenges in implant dentistry because tooth loss lead to bone resorption and collapse of gingival architecture, which lead to aesthetic compromise and inadequate bone for implant placement. Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction socket reduces the treatment time, cost, preserved the gingival aesthetic and increases the comfort of the patient. This article describes the procedure for immediate implant placement in fresh extraction socket and early loading of implant with zirconia crown. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed width and length of the tooth for selecting implant size and design. Cement retained zirconia crown was used for early loading. Implant was successfully loaded and was functional during 36 months follow up period. Immediate placement and early loading of dental implant provides advantages like fewer surgical procedures, shorter treatment time, and improved aesthetic and psychological confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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88
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Amini AR, Wallace JS, Nukavarapu SP. Short-term and long-term effects of orthopedic biodegradable implants. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2012; 21:93-122. [PMID: 22043969 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v21.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Presently, orthopedic and oral/maxillofacial implants represent a combined $2.8 billion market, a figure expected to experience significant and continued growth. Although traditional permanent implants have been proved clinically efficacious, they are also associated with several drawbacks, including secondary revision and removal surgeries. Non-permanent, biodegradable implants offer a promising alternative for patients, as they provide temporary support and degrade at a rate matching tissue formation, and thus, eliminate the need for secondary surgeries. These implants have been in clinical use for nearly 25 years, competing directly with, or maybe even exceeding, the performance of permanent implants. The initial implantation of biodegradable materials, as with permanent materials, mounts an acute host inflammatory response. Over time, the implant degradation profile and possible degradation product toxicity mediate long-term biodegradable implant-induced inflammation. However, unlike permanent implants, this inflammation is likely to cease once the material disappears. Implant-mediated inflammation is a critical determinant for implant success. Thus, for the development of a proactive biodegradable implant that has the ability to promote optimal bone regeneration and minimal detrimental inflammation, a thorough understanding of short- and long-term inflammatory events is required. Here, we discuss an array of biodegradable orthopedic implants, their associated short- and long- term inflammatory effects, and methods to mediate these inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami R Amini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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89
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Early Bone Healing Around 2 Different Experimental, HA Grit-Blasted, and Dual Acid-Etched Titanium Implant Surfaces. A Pilot Study in Rabbits. IMPLANT DENT 2012; 21:454-60. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e3182611cd7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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90
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Adipose tissue-derived stem cell response to the differently processed 316L stainless steel substrates. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:365-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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91
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Park JH, Wasilewski CE, Almodovar N, Olivares-Navarrete R, Boyan BD, Tannenbaum R, Schwartz Z. The responses to surface wettability gradients induced by chitosan nanofilms on microtextured titanium mediated by specific integrin receptors. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7386-93. [PMID: 22835642 PMCID: PMC3781581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microtexture and chemistry of implant surfaces are important variables for modulating cellular responses. Surface chemistry and wettability are connected directly. While each of these surface properties can influence cell response, it is difficult to decouple their specific contributions. To address this problem, the aims of this study were to develop a surface wettability gradient with a specific chemistry without altering micron scale roughness and to investigate the role of surface wettability on osteoblast response. Microtextured sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA, Sa = 3.1 μm) titanium disks were treated with oxygen plasma to increase reactive oxygen density on the surface. At 0, 2, 6, 10, and 24 h after removing them from the plasma, the surfaces were coated with chitosan for 30 min, rinsed and dried. Modified SLA surfaces are denoted as SLA/h in air prior to coating. Surface characterization demonstrated that this process yielded differing wettability (SLA0 < SLA2 < SLA10 < SLA24) without modifying the micron scale features of the surface. Cell number was reduced in a wettability-dependent manner, except for the most water-wettable surface, SLA24. There was no difference in alkaline phosphatase activity with differing wettability. Increased wettability yielded increased osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin production, except on the SLA24 surfaces. mRNA for integrins α1, α2, α5, β1, and β3 was sensitive to surface wettability. However, surface wettability did not affect mRNA levels for integrin α3. Silencing β1 increased cell number with reduced osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin in a wettability-dependent manner. Surface wettability as a primary regulator enhanced osteoblast differentiation, but integrin expression and silencing β1 results indicate that surface wettability regulates osteoblast through differential integrin expression profiles than microtexture does. The results may indicate that both microtexture and wettability with a specific chemistry have important regulatory effects on osseointegration. Each property had different effects, which were mediated by different integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Christine E. Wasilewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Noelia Almodovar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rina Tannenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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92
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Significance of nano- and microtopography for cell-surface interactions in orthopaedic implants. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2007:69036. [PMID: 18274618 PMCID: PMC2233875 DOI: 10.1155/2007/69036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface interactions play a crucial role for biomaterial application in orthopaedics. It is evident that not only the chemical composition of solid substances influence cellular adherence, migration, proliferation and differentiation but also the surface topography of a biomaterial. The progressive application of nanostructured surfaces in medicine has gained increasing interest to improve the cytocompatibility and osteointegration of orthopaedic implants. Therefore, the understanding of cell-surface interactions is of major interest for these substances. In this review, we elucidate the principle mechanisms of nano- and microscale cell-surface interactions in vitro for different cell types onto typical orthopaedic biomaterials such as titanium (Ti), cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys, stainless steel (SS), as well as synthetic polymers (UHMWPE, XLPE, PEEK, PLLA). In addition, effects of nano- and microscaled particles and their significance in orthopaedics were reviewed. The significance for the cytocompatibility of nanobiomaterials is discussed critically.
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93
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Titanium as a Reconstruction and Implant Material in Dentistry: Advantages and Pitfalls. MATERIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC5449026 DOI: 10.3390/ma5091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercial pure titanium (cpTi) has been the material of choice in several disciplines of dentistry due to its biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion and mechanical properties. Despite a number of favorable characteristics, cpTi as a reconstruction and oral implant material has several shortcomings. This paper highlights current knowledge on material properties, passive oxidation film formation, corrosion, surface activation, cell interactions, biofilm development, allergy, casting and machining properties of cpTi for better understanding and potential improvement of this material for its clinical applications.
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94
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Bellucci D, Chiellini F, Ciardelli G, Gazzarri M, Gentile P, Sola A, Cannillo V. Processing and characterization of innovative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1397-1409. [PMID: 22441671 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new protocol, based on a modified replication method, is proposed to obtain bioactive glass scaffolds. The main feature of these samples, named "shell scaffolds", is their external surface that, like a compact and porous shell, provides both high permeability to fluids and mechanical support. In this work, two different scaffolds were prepared using the following slurry components: 59 % water, 29 % 45S5 Bioglass(®) and 12 % polyvinylic binder and 51 % water, 34 % 45S5 Bioglass(®), 10 % polyvinylic binder and 5 % polyethylene. All the proposed samples were characterized by a widespread microporosity and an interconnected macroporosity, with a total porosity of 80 % vol. After immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF), the scaffolds showed strong ability to develop hydroxyapatite, enhanced by the high specific surface of the porous systems. Moreover preliminary biological evaluations suggested a promising role of the shell scaffolds for applications in bone tissue regeneration. As regards the mechanical behaviour, the shell scaffolds could be easily handled without damages, due to their resistant external surface. More specifically, they possessed suitable mechanical properties for bone regeneration, as proved by compression tests performed before and after immersion in SBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellucci
- Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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95
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Tsou HK, Hsieh PY, Chi MH, Chung CJ, He JL. Improved osteoblast compatibility of medical-grade polyetheretherketone using arc ionplated rutile/anatase titanium dioxide films for spinal implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2787-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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96
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Park JH, Olivares-Navarrete R, Baier RE, Meyer AE, Tannenbaum R, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Effect of cleaning and sterilization on titanium implant surface properties and cellular response. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1966-75. [PMID: 22154860 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has been widely used as an implant material due to the excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of its oxide surface. Biomaterials must be sterile before implantation, but the effects of sterilization on their surface properties have been less well studied. The effects of cleaning and sterilization on surface characteristics were bio-determined using contaminated and pure Ti substrata first manufactured to present two different surface structures: pretreated titanium (PT, Ra=0.4 μm) (i.e. surfaces that were not modified by sandblasting and/or acid etching); (SLA, Ra=3.4 μm). Previously cultured cells and associated extracellular matrix were removed from all bio-contaminated specimens by cleaning in a sonicator bath with a sequential acetone-isopropanol-ethanol-distilled water protocol. Cleaned specimens were sterilized with autoclave, gamma irradiation, oxygen plasma, or ultraviolet light. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine surface chemical components, hydrophilicity, roughness, and morphology, respectively. Small organic molecules present on contaminated Ti surfaces were removed with cleaning. XPS analysis confirmed that surface chemistry was altered by both cleaning and sterilization. Cleaning and sterilization affected hydrophobicity and roughness. These modified surface properties affected osteogenic differentiation of human MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Specifically, autoclaved SLA surfaces lost the characteristic increase in osteoblast differentiation seen on starting SLA surfaces, which was correlated with altered surface wettability and roughness. These data indicated that recleaned and resterilized Ti implant surfaces cannot be considered the same as the first surfaces in terms of surface properties and cell responses. Therefore, the reuse of Ti implants after resterilization may not result in the same tissue responses as found with never-before-implanted specimens.
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97
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Jeon H, Jin G, Kim G. The effect of microsized roughness in nano/microsized hierarchical surfaces replicated from a lotus leaf on the activities of osteoblast-like cells (MG63). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Gittens R, Olivares-Navarrete R, Tannenbaum R, Boyan B, Schwartz Z. Electrical implications of corrosion for osseointegration of titanium implants. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1389-97. [PMID: 21555775 PMCID: PMC3215755 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511408428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The success rate of titanium implants for dental and orthopedic applications depends on the ability of surrounding bone tissue to integrate with the surface of the device, and it remains far from ideal in patients with bone compromised by physiological factors. The electrical properties and electrical stimulation of bone have been shown to control its growth and healing and can enhance osseointegration. Bone cells are also sensitive to the chemical products generated during corrosion events, but less is known about how the electrical signals associated with corrosion might affect osseointegration. The metallic nature of the materials used for implant applications and the corrosive environments found in the human body, in combination with the continuous and cyclic loads to which these implants are exposed, may lead to corrosion and its corresponding electrochemical products. The abnormal electrical currents produced during corrosion can convert any metallic implant into an electrode, and the negative impact on the surrounding tissue due to these extreme signals could be an additional cause of poor performance and rejection of implants. Here, we review basic aspects of the electrical properties and electrical stimulation of bone, as well as fundamental concepts of aqueous corrosion and its electrical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Gittens
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 711 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R. Olivares-Navarrete
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R. Tannenbaum
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 711 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B.D. Boyan
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 711 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Z. Schwartz
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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99
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Moon HJ, Yun YP, Han CW, Kim MS, Kim SE, Bae MS, Kim GT, Choi YS, Hwang EH, Lee JW, Lee JM, Lee CH, Kim DS, Kwon IK. Effect of heparin and alendronate coating on titanium surfaces on inhibition of osteoclast and enhancement of osteoblast function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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100
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Evaluation of the in vitro cell-material interactions and in vivo osteo-integration of a spinal acrylic bone cement. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011; 21 Suppl 6:S800-9. [PMID: 21811821 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymethylmethacrylate bone cements have proven performance in arthroplasty and represent a common bone filler, e.g. in vertebroplasty. However, acrylic cements are still subject to controversy concerning their exothermic reaction and osteo-integration potential. Therefore, we submitted a highly filled acrylic cement to a systematic investigation on the cell-material and tissue-implant response in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cured Vertecem V+ Cements were characterized by electron microscopy. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell morphology, growth and differentiation on the cured cement were followed for 28 days in vitro. The uncured cement was injected in an ovine cancellous bone defect and analysed 4 and 26 weeks post-implantation. RESULTS The rough surface of the cement allowed for good stem cells adhesion in vitro. Up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase was detected after 8 days of incubation. No adverse local effects were observed macroscopically and microscopically following 4 and 26 weeks of implantation of the cement into drill-hole defects in ovine distal femoral epiphysis. Direct bone apposition onto the implant surface was observed resulting in extended signs of osteo-integration over time (35.2 ± 24.2% and 88.8 ± 8.8% at week 4 and 26, respectively). CONCLUSION Contrary to the established opinion concerning bony tissue response to implanted acrylic bone cements, we observed an early cell-implant in vitro interaction leading to cell growth and differentiation and significant signs of osteo-integration for this acrylic cement using standardized methods. Few outlined limitations, such as the use of low cement volumes, have to be considered in the interpretation of the study results.
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