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Luo Y, Hou X, Xi A, Luo M, Wang K, Xu Z. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F combination therapy with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis: An updated meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116211. [PMID: 36706936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory arthropathy. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is common herbal medicine for the treatment of RA in China. However, many important issues, such as efficacy, safety and optimal doses of the combination therapy of TwHF and Methotrexate (MTX) for RA remain to be evaluated. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of TwHF and MTX for RA by meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant literature was searched from English (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) and Chinese databases (WanFang, VIP, CNKI) until December 2021. Response rates and rates of adverse events (AEs) were independently extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included with a total of 1446 patients, which included eight new RCTs with a total of 803 new patients when compared with the previous meta-analysis (Wang et al., 2017). Compared to MTX monotherapy, TwHF + MTX was revealed a higher effective rate (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.21), partial remission rate (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.40) and remission rate (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.55). The addition of TwHF benefited the clinical symptoms (such as tender joint count) and most laboratory indexes (such as the tumor necrosis factor-α). According to the subgroup analyses, the efficacy of the TwHF + MTX seems to be positively associated with the dose of TwHF (10 mg/d vs 30-60 mg/d), negatively related to the dose of MTX (∼10 mg/w vs ∼15 mg/w) and methodological risk of bias of included RCTs, and unrelated to the duration of therapy (12-week vs 24-week). For safety, the addition of TwHF did not increase the risk of most AEs and even reduced the risk of infection and liver AEs. CONCLUSION Combining TwHF with MTX may be a superior strategy in the treatment of RA compared with MTX monotherapy. The optimal combination of TwHF + MTX therapy might be TwHF at 30-60 mg/d with MTX (∼10 mg/w). Further high-quality double-blind RCTs may be able to change the conclusions of our study, which are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Luo
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hou
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anran Xi
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengxian Luo
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keer Wang
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Laboratory of Rheumatology & Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Huang Y, Ba X, Wang H, Shen P, Han L, Lin W, Yan J, Chen Z, Tu S. Triptolide alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulating Treg/Th17 imbalance through the JAK/PTEN-STAT3 pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37186366 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of triptolide (TP) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and the related mechanisms. METHODS CIA mice were administered TP for 35 days. Mouse ankle joints and serum antibodies and cytokines were examined to assess the therapeutic effects of TP. The ratios of Treg, Th1, and Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. Reverse docking was used to characterize the binding modes of TP against target proteins. The expression of the STAT3 pathway in CIA mice was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Mouse spleen lymphocytes were extracted and the expression of the STAT3 pathway after IL-6 stimulation was analyzed. RESULTS TP could significantly alleviate joint swelling, reduce bone destruction, and downregulate serum inflammation levels. TP improved the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells in CIA mice. TP could form stable complexes with target proteins. TP significantly inhibited the activation of the JAK/PTEN-STAT3 pathway in mice. Moreover, TP regulated the activation of the JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway in mouse spleen lymphocytes under inflammatory stimulation. CONCLUSION TP can inhibit inflammation and alleviate bone destruction in CIA mice. The underlying mechanism is related to the regulation of the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells through the JAK/PTEN-STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ran L, Xu B, Han HH, Wang JY, A XY, Cao BR, Meng XH, Zhang CB, Xin PF, Qiu GW, Xiang Z, Pei SQ, Gao CX, Shen J, Zhong S, Xu XR, Bian YQ, Xie J, Shi Q, Sun ST, Xiao LB. The effect of JuanBiQiangGu granules in combination with methotrexate on joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1132602. [PMID: 37180723 PMCID: PMC10167420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint inflammation severely affects joint function and quality of life in patients and leads to joint deformities and limb disability. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of RA do not fully control the progression of joint inflammation and bone destruction and have notable adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine formula JuanBiQiangGu Granules (JBQG) are commonly used for the treatment of RA inflammation and delay of bone destruction, but has not been evaluated through high-quality clinical studies. There is a pressing need for well-designed, randomized, parallel, controlled clinical studies to evaluate the exact effect of JBQG on RA joint inflammation and improvement of patient quality of life. Methods: This is a randomized, parallel, controlled clinical study in which 144 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a 1:1 ratio. The JBQG group received methotrexate 7.5 mg qw and JBQG granules 8 mg tid, while the MTX group received methotrexate 7.5 mg qw. The endpoint was 12 weeks after treatment. Relevant indices at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment were observed and recorded, and DAS28-ESR, HAQ-DI, and Sharp scores were recorded for each patient. Blood samples were collected to test for CRP, ESR, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and INF-γ, and adverse reactions and liver and kidney function (AST, ALT, Cr, BUN) were recorded for safety assessment. After 12 weeks of treatment, the effect of JBQG granules on disease activity, improvement in bone damage, and patient quality of life scores and safety in RA patients were evaluated. Results: A total of 144 subjects completed treatment (71 in the JBQG group and 73 in the MTX group) and were included in the analysis. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the observed indicators (p > 0.05). After treatment, 76.06% of patients in the JBQG group had DAS28-ESR levels below or equal to Low, including 45.07% in Remission and 5.63% in High, compared to 53.1% in the MTX group below or equal to Low, 12.33% in Remission, and 17.81% in High. CRP was significantly reduced (8.54 ± 5.87 vs. 11.86 ± 7.92, p < 0.05, p = 0.005), ESR was significantly reduced (15.1 ± 6.11 vs. 21.96 ± 9.19, p < 0.0001), TNF-α was significantly reduced (1.44 ± 0.83 vs. 1.85 ± 1.07, p < 0.05, p = 0.011), IL-17 was significantly reduced (0.53 ± 0.33 vs. 0.71 ± 0.38, p < 0.05, p = 0.004), and INF-γ was significantly reduced (3.2 ± 1.51 vs. 3.89 ± 1.77, p < 0.05, p = 0.014). The median (IQR) OPG in the JBQG group was 2.54 (2.21-3.01), significantly higher than in the MTX group 2.06 (1.81-2.32), p < 0.0001), and the median (IQR) β-CTX in the JBQG group was 0.4 (0.32-0.43), significantly lower than in the MTX group 0.55 (0.47-0.67), p < 0.0001). The median (IQR) VSA scores were 2 (1-3), a decrease from 3 (2-4) in the MTX group (p < 0.0001). The median (IQR) Sharp scores were 1 (1-2), a decrease from 2 (1-2) in the MTX group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05, p = 0.28). The median (IQR) HAQ-DI scores were 11 (8-16), significantly lower than in the MTX group 26 (16-30) (p < 0.0001). The median (IQR) AST in the JBQG group was 16 (12-20), with a significant difference compared to the MTX group 19 (13-25) (p < 0.01, p = 0.004); the median (IQR) ALT in the JBQG group was 14 (10-18), with a significant difference compared to the MTX group 16 (11-22.5) (p < 0.05, p = 0.015). There were no statistically significant differences in Cr or BUN (p > 0.05). Conclusion: JuanBiQiangGu Granules can be used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, alleviate joint inflammation, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to methotrexate, and has good safety. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html; identifier: ChiCTR2100046373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ran
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Hui Han
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ye Wang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu A
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Ran Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Meng
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xin
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Wei Qiu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Pei
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Xin Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Rui Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qin Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Tao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Bo Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Du L, Zhang Y, Yan S, Lin N. Cross-talk between the RAS-ERK and mTOR signalings-associated autophagy contributes to tripterygium glycosides tablet-induced liver injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114325. [PMID: 36738501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a critical issue and a hindrance to clinical application of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablet (TGT) despite its favorable therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying TGT-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Chemical profiling of TGT was identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS and its putative targets were predicted based on chemical structure similarity calculation. Following "DILI-related gene-TGT putative target" interaction network construction, a list of key network targets was screened according to nodes' topological importance and functional relevance. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to determine drug hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. RESULT A total of 49 chemical components and 914 putative targets of TGTs were identified. Network calculation and functional modularization screened RAS-ERK and mTOR signalings-associated autophagy to be one of the candidate targets of TGT-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimentally, TGT significantly activated RAS-ERK axis, elevated the number of autophagosomes and the expression of LC3II protein, but reduced the expression of p62 protein and suppressed mTOR phosphorylation in the liver tissues of TGT-induced acute liver injury mice and chronic liver injury mice in vivo and AML12 cells in vitro. Moreover, TGT and mL-098 (an activator of RAS) co-treatment reduced AML12 cell viability via regulating autophagy and TGT-induced liver injury-related indicators more dramatically than TGT treatment alone, whereas Salirasib (an inhibitor of RAS) had an opposite effect. CONCLUSION RAS-ERK-mTOR cross-talk may play a crucial role in TGT-induced hepatocyte autophagy, offering a promising target for developing novel therapeutics to combat TGT-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zihe Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shikai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Qin Z, Zhang G, Jiang S, Ning F, Zhao Z, Huang M, Jin J. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal ferroptosis is involved in Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet-induced testicular injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116055. [PMID: 36539070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet (TWP), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and anti-proliferative activities. However, the reproductive toxicity of TWP greatly limits its clinical application and the mechanism of TWP-induced reproductive toxicity is not fully understood yet. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to explore the mechanism of TWP-induced testis injury in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mechanism underlying TWP-induced rat testicular injury was firstly investigated by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. Meanwhile, histopathological analysis, Western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to confirm the damaging effects and mechanisms of TWP on rat testis. RESULTS Histopathological analysis revealed that TWP had significant testicular damage, which severely reduced the testis's tubular diameter and epithelium height. Further, TWP caused the protein level of ZO-1, CLDN11, PLZF, and OCT4 significantly downregulate, suggesting the blood-testis barrier function and spermatogenesis were damaged. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4952 upregulated and 2626 downregulated, were found in TWP-exposed testis compared to the normal group. Moreover, 77 changed metabolites were identified from testis samples. With integrated analysis of DEGs and changed metabolites, we found that glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis played an essential role in testicular injury. Additionally, the levels of ferroptosis-related protein GPX4, SLC7A11, and NRF2 were significantly downregulated, and the protein level of 4-HNE, a leading product of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, was upregulated. The changes in ferroptosis-related genes indicated that TWP might promote ferroptosis in rat testis. CONCLUSION These results suggested that ferroptosis was involved in the testicular damage caused by TWP, which might provide a new strategy to alleviate TWP- induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fangqing Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Pharmacological importance of Kunxian Capsule in clinical applications and its adverse effects: A review. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Ma L, Tu L, Hu T, Wu X, Su P, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou J, Yin Y, Tong Y, Zhao H, Lu Y, Wang J, Gao W, Huang L. Tandemly duplicated CYP82Ds catalyze 14-hydroxylation in triptolide biosynthesis and precursor production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Commun 2023; 14:875. [PMID: 36797237 PMCID: PMC9936527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a valuable multipotent antitumor diterpenoid in Tripterygium wilfordii, and its C-14 hydroxyl group is often selected for modification to enhance both the bioavailability and antitumor efficacy. However, the mechanism for 14-hydroxylation formation remains unknown. Here, we discover 133 kb of tandem duplicated CYP82Ds encoding 11 genes on chromosome 12 and characterize CYP82D274 and CYP82D263 as 14-hydroxylases that catalyze the metabolic grid in triptolide biosynthesis. The two CYP82Ds catalyze the aromatization of miltiradiene, which has been repeatedly reported to be a spontaneous process. In vivo assays and evaluations of the kinetic parameters of CYP82Ds indicate the most significant affinity to dehydroabietic acid among multiple intermediates. The precursor 14-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid is successfully produced by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study provides genetic elements for further elucidation of the downstream biosynthetic pathways and heterologous production of triptolide and of the currently intractable biosynthesis of other 14-hydroxyl labdane-type secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Huang Z, Song S, Zhang D, Bian Z, Han J. Protective effects of Tripterygium glycoside on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis of rat chondrocytes via microRNA-216a-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:61-72. [PMID: 36052873 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is designed to fill the research gap concerning the efficacy of Tripterygium glycoside (TG) on Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammation and injury in chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. After the treatment with IL-1β and TG and transfection, the viability and apoptosis of chondrocytes were determined via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Relative expression levels of potential microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) that may target toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as well as apoptosis- and TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway-associated factors were quantified using quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR and western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-216a-5p and TLR4 was predicted by TargetScan and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The viability was reduced yet the apoptosis and inflammation were promoted in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, where upregulation of Bax, Cleaved caspase 3, TLR4, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphorylation of P65 and IκBα yet downregulation of Bcl-2 and IκBα were evidenced. Strikingly, the above changes were reversed by TG. TG also offset the effects of IL-1β on repressing the expression of miR-216a-5p, the miRNA targeting TLR4. Additionally, TLR4 overexpression neutralized the impacts of TG upon viability, apoptosis, and TLR4 expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, while all these effects induced by TLR4 overexpression could be restored by miR-216a-5p. CONCLUSIONS TG protects chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis via miR-216a-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuanglin Song
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- Orthopedics Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Han
- Massage Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Tan G, Qin Z, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhang G, Huang M, Huang Z, Jin J. MitoQ alleviates triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity via activation of p62/Nrf2 axis in H9c2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105487. [PMID: 36272531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is one of the major components of Tripterygium wilfordii, which is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the cardiotoxicity induced by TP greatly limits its widespread clinical application. In view of the role of ROS-mediated oxidative stress in TP-induced cardiotoxicity, mitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger, was used in this study to investigate its protective effect against TP-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity and its possible underlying mechanism. Here we demonstrated that mitoQ could significantly attenuate TP-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells, with a remarkable improvement in cell viability and reduction in ROS levels. P62-Nrf2 signaling pathway has been reported to play a critical role in regulating oxidative stress and protecting cells from harmful stimuli. In this study, we found that mitoQ significantly activated p62-Nrf2 signaling pathway in H9c2 cells with or without TP treatment. Moreover, knockdown of p62 or Nrf2 could block the protective effect of mitoQ against TP in H9c2 cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that mitoQ can alleviate TP-induced cardiotoxicity via the activation of p62-Nrf2 signaling pathway, which provides new potential strategies to combat TP-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyan Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Chen W, Luo H, Zhong Z, Wei J, Wang Y. The safety of Chinese medicine: A systematic review of endogenous substances and exogenous residues. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154534. [PMID: 36371955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety and toxicity have become major challenges in the internationalization of Chinese medicine. Inspite of its wide application, security problems of Chinese medicine still occur from time to time, raising widespread concerns about its safety. Most of the studies either only partially discussed the intrinsic toxicities or extrinsic harmful residues in Chinese medicine, or briefly described detoxification and attenuation methods. It is necessary to systematically discuss Chinese medicine's extrinsic and intrinsic toxic components and corresponding toxicity detoxification or detection methods as a whole. PURPOSE This review comprehensively summarizes various toxic components in Chinese medicine from intrinsic and extrinsic. Then the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity are highlighted. It is expected to provide a reference for safeguards for developing and using Chinese medicine. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,Wan-fang database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were safety, toxicity, intrinsic toxicities, extrinsic harmful residues, alkaloids, terpene and macrolides, saponins, toxic proteins, toxic crystals, minerals, heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, sulfur dioxide, detoxification, detection, processing (Paozhi), compatibility (Peiwu), Chinese medicine, etc., and combinations of these keywords. All selected articles were from 2006 to 2022, and each was assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describe the classification of toxic components of Chinese medicine, the toxic effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine, and the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity. RESULTS The toxic components of Chinese medicines can be classified as intrinsic toxicities and extrinsic harmful residues. Firstly, we summarized the intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine, the adverse effects and toxicity mechanisms caused by these components. Next, we focused on the detoxification or attenuation methods for intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine. The other main part discussed the latest progress in analytical strategies for exogenous hazardous substances, including heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Beyond reviewing mainstream instrumental methods, we also introduced the emerging biochip, biosensor and immuno-based techniques. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overall assessment of the recent progress in endogenous toxins and exogenous hazardous substances concerning Chinese medicine, which is expected to render deeper insights into the safety of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Chen
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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Shen MY, Wang X, Di YX, Zhang MF, Tian FX, Qian FY, Jiang BP, Zhou LL. Triptolide inhibits Th17 differentiation via controlling PKM2-mediated glycolysis in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:838-849. [PMID: 35657277 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2086139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with the aberrant differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme of glycolysis, was associated with Th17 cell differentiation. AIM To investigate the potential therapeutic effects of triptolide (TP) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and Th17 cell differentiation, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS PKM2 expression and IL-17A production in peripheral blood of RA patients were detected by RT-qPCR or ELISA. Flow cytometry and ELISA were employed to assess the effect of Th17 cell differentiation by TP. PKM2 expression and other glycolysis-related factors were detected using RT-qPCR and Western Blot. PKM2 specific inhibitor Compound 3 K was used to verify the mechanisms. Male DBA/1J mice were divided into control, model, and TP (60 μg/kg) groups to assess the anti-arthritis effect, Th17 cell differentiation and PKM2 expression. RESULTS PKM2 expression positively correlated with IL-17A production in RA patients. PKM2 expression was increased upon Th17 cell differentiation. Down-regulating PKM2 expression could strongly reduce Th17 cell differentiation. Molecular docking analysis predicted that TP targeted PKM2. TP treatment significantly reduced Th17 cell differentiation, PKM2 expression, pyruvate, and lactate production. In addition, compared with down-regulating PKM2 alone (Compound 3 K treatment), co-treatment with TP and Compound 3 K further significantly decreased PKM2-mediated glycolysis and Th17 cell differentiation. In CIA mice, TP repressed the PKM2-mediated glycolysis and attenuated joint inflammation. CONCLUSION TP inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through the inhibition of PKM2-mediated glycolysis. We highlight a novel strategy for the use of TP in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Xi Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Fei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei-Ya Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bao-Ping Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li N, Chen Z, Feng W, Gong Z, Lin C, Chen J, Chu C, Xu Q. Triptolide improves chondrocyte proliferation and secretion via down-regulation of miR-221 in synovial cell exosomes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154479. [PMID: 36194972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common type of inflammatory arthritis, can cause bone damage and disability. Triptolide, a prominent treatment for RA, has satisfactory anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism of action of triptolide in RA remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying triptolide-mediated improvements in RA and identify the miRNA pathway responsible for these effects. METHODS We identified various dysregulated miRNAs associated with RA by mining previously described microarray data and verified and screened these candidates using RT-qPCR. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was then applied to identify pathological changes in the affected joints, and cell counting kit-8 analysis and flow cytometry were employed to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Extracted exosomes were verified using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Our results revealed that the legs of rats with collagen-induced arthritis presented with obvious swelling and bone damage, a high degree of inflammatory cell infiltration into the synovium, and structural changes to the cartilage. Data mining identified 39 dysregulated miRNAs in these tissues, and RT-qPCR further refined these observations to highlight miR-221 as a potential RA biomarker. Subsequent evaluations revealed that fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cells secrete Exs carrying dysregulated miR-221 in vitro. These Exs mediate miR-221 levels, inflammation, and TLR4/MyD88 signaling via their fusion with chondrocytes, leading to changes in chondrocyte growth and metabolic factor levels. Additionally, the addition of triptolide impaired miR-221 expression, cell proliferation, inflammatory factors, and the protein levels of TLR4/MyD88 in RA-FLS and promoted the apoptosis of FLS. The therapeutic effect of triptolide on miR-221 Exs was reversed by miR-221 inhibitor in both normal and RA FLS. CONCLUSION Our research shows that effective treatment with triptolide is mediated by its regulation of growth and secretory functions of chondrocytes via the inhibition of miR-221 secretion by FLS, providing a new target and natural medicinal candidate for future RA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Chinese Medicine Department, South China Agricultural University Hospital, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsong Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Congqiu Chu
- Oregon Health & Science University, 97239, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China.
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Qi XM, Qiao YB, Zhang YL, Wang AC, Ren JH, Wei HZ, Li QS. PGC-1α/NRF1-dependent cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis: A druggable pathway of calycosin against triptolide cardiotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113513. [PMID: 36436616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion-related cardiotoxicity due to cardiotoxin stimuli is closely linked to abnormal activities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), followed by co-inactivation of nuclear respiratory factor-1(NRF1). Pharmacological interventions targeting mitochondria may be effective for developing agents against cardiotoxicity. Herein, in triptolide-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes, we observed defective mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, characterized by depletion of mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA copy number, downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes subunits, and disorders of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Dysregulation of mitochondria led to cardiac pathological features, such as myocardial fiber fracture, intercellular space enlargement, and elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin I. However, following calycosin treatment, an active compound from Astragali Radix, the mitochondrion-related disorders at both cell and tissue levels were significantly ameliorated, which was facilitated by the activation of PGC-1α via deacetylation, followed by NRF1 co-activation. Calycosin-enhanced PGC-1α deacetylation is impelled by increasing sirtuin-1 expression and NAD+/NADH ratio. PGC-1α/NRF1 signaling in calycosin-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis protection was further confirmed by NRF1 knockdown and PGC-1α inhibition with SR18292. We conclude that calycosin ameliorated triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity by protecting PGC-1α/NRF1-dependent cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, which is the druggable pathway for cardiotoxicity mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Yuan-Biao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Ai-Cheng Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Jin-Hong Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China.
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li M. Application of herbal traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981063. [PMID: 36506523 PMCID: PMC9729561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a secondary renal disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus affecting the kidneys. It is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease and a serious risk factor for early mortality and disability of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Existing LN treatment is mainly based on hormones, cytotoxic drugs, and biological agents. Nevertheless, the prognosis of LN patients remains poor because of frequent recurrence and exacerbation of adverse drug reactions. Hence, LN is still the most important cause of end-stage renal disease. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted increasing attention because of encouraging evidence that it alleviates LN and the well-described mechanisms underlying renal injury. TCM has therapeutic benefits for treating LN patients. This review article elucidates TCM preparations, TCM monomers, and herbal or natural extraction for LN treatment to provide effective supplementary evidence for promoting the development of TCM treatment for LN and reference for future research and clinical practice.
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Ling J, Huang Y, Sun Z, Guo X, Chang A, Pan J, Zhuo X. Exploration of the effect of Celastrol on protein targets in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996728. [PMID: 36506508 PMCID: PMC9726908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Celastrol, an important extract of Tripterygium wilfordii, shows strong antitumor activity in a variety of tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, little is known about its targets in NPC. We aimed to screen the key gene targets of Celastrol in the treatment of NPC by means of in silico analyses (including network pharmacology and molecular docking) and experimental evaluations. Methods: The main target genes of Celastrol and the genes related to NPC were obtained by retrieving the relevant biological databases, and the common targets were screened. Protein-protein interaction analysis was used to screen the hub genes. Then, a "compound-target-disease" network model was created and molecular docking was used to predict the binding of Celastrol to the candidate hub proteins. Afterward, the expression changes of the candidate genes under the administration of Celastrol were verified in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sixty genes common to Celastrol and NPC were screened out, which may be related to numerous biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tube development, and enriched in various pathways such as PI3K- Akt, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and Apoptosis. The tight binding ability of the candidate hub proteins (TNF, VEGFA, and IL6) to Celastrol was predicted by molecular docking [Docking energy: TNF, -6.08; VEGFA,-6.76; IL6,-6.91(kcal/mol)]. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of TNF and VEGFA decreased while the expression of IL6 increased in NPC cells (CNE2 and HONE1) treated with Celastrol. In vivo experiments suggested that Celastrol significantly reduced the weight and volume of the transplanted tumors in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. The expression of TNF, VEGFA, and IL6 in the transplanted tumor cells could be regulated by using Celastrol, and the expression trends were consistent with the in vitro model. Conclusion: Several gene targets have been filtered out as the core targets of Celastrol in the treatment of NPC, which might be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Hence, Celastrol may exert its anti-NPC activity through multiple targets and multiple pathways, which will provide new clues for further research. Future experiments are warranted to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ling
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jigang Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Jigang Pan, ; Xianlu Zhuo,
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Jigang Pan, ; Xianlu Zhuo,
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Peng X, Tang F, Yang Y, Li T, Hu X, Li S, Wu W, He K. Bidirectional effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115578. [PMID: 35917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bidirectional property of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was recorded in the classic work Medicine Origin (Yi Xue Qi Yuan) as early as the Jin and Yuan dynasties of ancient China. Since then, this imperative theory has been applied to guide the clinical application of TCMs. Studies have been performed to investigate this phenomenon only over the last three decades. A limited number of reviews on the bidirectional role of TCMs have been published, and almost all current studies are published in the Chinese language. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide the first comprehensive evidence regarding the bidirectional effects and the underlying mechanisms of TCMs and their active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information relevant to opposing pharmacological activities or opposing properties exerted by TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and their active compound, as well as their mechanisms was summarized by searching Chinese and English databases, including the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Although the bidirectional regulation of TCMs has been applied in the clinic since ancient times in China, only limited reviews have been published in Chinese. The existing data showed that bidirectional effects can be found in TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and pure active compounds. Additionally, the bidirectional role of TCMs was primarily reported in the modulation of immune function, blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility, the central nervous system and blood pressure. This may because the therapeutic outcomes of these disorders are more obvious than those of other complicated diseases. Intriguingly, some herbal medicines have multiple bidirectional activities; for instance, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer showed bidirectional regulation of immune function and the central nervous system; Astragalus membranaceus can bidirectionally regulate blood pressure and immune function; and Rheum officinale Baill exerts bidirectional effects on blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility and immune function. The mechanisms underlying the bidirectional effects of TCMs are largely attributed to the complexity of herbal constituents, dosage differences, the processing of herbal medicine, and compatibility of medicines, the physiological conditions of patients and adaptogenic effects. CONCLUSION Uncovering the bidirectional effects and mechanisms of TCMs is of great importance for both scientific research and clinical applications. This review may help to facilitate the recognition of the bidirectional role of TCMs, to explain some seemingly-opposite phenomena in the pharmacological study of herbal medicines and to provide guidance for TCM practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Fang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Tiandan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaochao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
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Chen K, Guo W, Li R, Han Y, Gao Q, Wang S. Demethylzeylasteral attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by inhibiting AGAP2 mediated signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154349. [PMID: 35905567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common cause of chronic liver disease. If left untreated, it can ultimately develop into liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a direct antifibrotic therapy is currently unavailable. A re-examination of existing chemicals might be a potential strategy for finding more lead compounds against liver fibrosis. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), a naturally occurring bioactive compound found in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHf) possesses multiple pharmacological properties. However, its antifibrotic potential has not yet been fully evaluated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the antifibrotic properties of T-96 and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The antifibrotic properties of T-96 were investigated in three types of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and in a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. The effect of T-96 on the proliferation, migration, and activation of HSCs was detected using CCK-8 and scratch/wound healing assays. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by H&E, Masson's trichrome stain, and Sirius Red staining. The expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms mediating the antifibrotic effect of T-96, which was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS The T-96 treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and activation of HSCs in vitro. The administration of T-96 attenuated hepatic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis progression in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, the RNA-seq of fibrotic liver tissues and subsequent functional verification indicated that the key mechanisms of the antifibrotic effect of T-96 were mediated by suppressing the expression of AGAP2 (Arf GAP with GTPase-like domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2), inhibiting the subsequent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase B (AKT), and finally reducing the expression of fibrosis-related genes. CONCLUSION Our results provide the first insight that T-96 exerts potent antifibrotic effects both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the AGAP2 mediated FAK/AKT signaling axis, and that T-96 may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiran Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rongxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yueqing Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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68
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Rao J, Peng T, Li N, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Qiu F. Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines - a challenge for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:757-778. [PMID: 36815678 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have long been considered safe and effective without serious toxic and side effects. With the continuous use of HMs, more and more attention has been paid to adverse reactions and toxic events, especially the nephrotoxicity caused by natural compounds in HMs. The composition of HMs is complex and various, especially the mechanism of toxic components has been a difficult and hot topic. This review comprehensively summarizes the kidney toxicity characterization and mechanism of nephrotoxic natural compounds (organic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cytotoxic proteins, and minerals) from different sources. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of HMs-induced kidney injury were provided. In vitro and in vivo models for evaluating nephrotoxicity and the latest biomarkers are also included in this investigation. More broadly, this review may provide theoretical basis for safety evaluation and further comprehensive development and utilization of HMs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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69
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Xu H, Pan LB, Yu H, Han P, Fu J, Zhang ZW, Hu JC, Yang XY, Keranmu A, Zhang HJ, Bu MM, Jiang JD, Wang Y. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in inflammatory diseases based on targeted metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919181. [PMID: 36238574 PMCID: PMC9551995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. Metabolites in the three metabolic pathways of tryptophan (Trp), histidine (His), and phenylalanine (Phe) can affect various inflammatory conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, arthritis, colitis, atherosclerosis, and neuroinflammation. We established an LC–MS/MS method to measure 17 metabolites—Trp, 3-indole-acetic acid (Iaa), 3-indole-lactate (Ila), 3-indole-propionic acid (Ipa), 3-indole formaldehyde (Iald), kynurenine (Kn), kynurenic acid (Kyna), 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-Haa), His, 3-methylhistidine (3-Mhis), histamine (Hist), imidazole propionic acid (Imp), 4-imidazoacetic acid (Imaa), urocanic acid (Ua), Phe, phenylethylamine (Pea), and hippuric acid (Ha)—in the three metabolic pathways. The method exhibited high sensitivity and good selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability; and recovery rate; all met the requirements of biological sample analysis. By establishing a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model of Sprague–Dawley rats and performing 16S rRNA sequencing on their feces, it was found that there was dysbiosis, including changes in phylum level, genus level, and α biodiversity of gut bacteria. The contents of the microbiota metabolites Iaa and Ipa in the model group were significantly decreased, and those of Iald, Kn, Kyna, Ha, and Imp were significantly increased. The common therapeutic drugs Tripterygium glycosides, total glucosides of peony, and their main active ingredients were screened by in vitro incubation with gut bacteria: it was found that Tripterygium glycosides and their active ingredients could lead to a variation in metabolites in the Trp and Phe pathways. Total glucosides and active components of peony could lead to a variation in metabolites in the Phe pathway of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Wang
- *Correspondence: Yan Wang, ; Jian-Dong Jiang,
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Jo HG, Seo J, Lee D. Clinical evidence construction of East Asian herbal medicine for inflammatory pain in rheumatoid arthritis based on integrative data mining approach. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106460. [PMID: 36152738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to a significant social burden. East Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) has long been used to treat RA. Therefore, a systematic study of how EAHM treatments can be developed into new drugs using specific materials is needed. METHODS Eleven databases containing literature in English, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing EAHM with conventional medicine (CM). A meta-analysis was performed on the variable data to assess their effects on inflammatory pain. Subsequently, we searched for core materials and combinations of core material-based data mining methods. RESULTS A total of 186 trials involving 19,716 patients with RA met the inclusion criteria. According to the meta-analysis, EAHM had a significantly superior effect on continuous pain intensity, tender joint count, and response rate. Patients treated with EAHM had a significantly reduced incidence of adverse events compared with those treated with CM. Based on additional analysis of the EAHM formula data included in this meta-analysis, 21 core materials and five core herbal combinations were identified. CONCLUSION EAHM remedies for RA have the adequate potential for use as candidate materials for treating inflammatory pain in RA. The candidate core herbs evaluated in this study act on multiple pathways and are expected to provide pain relief, sustained inflammation suppression, immune regulation, and prevention of joint destruction. It seems worthwhile to conduct follow-up research on drug development using the core materials derived from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Geun Jo
- BS Healthcare Co., Ltd., 11 Teheran-ro 33-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06141, Republic of Korea; Allbarun Kyunghee Korean Medicine Clinic, 18, Pungmu-ro 146-gil, Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihye Seo
- BS Healthcare Co., Ltd., 11 Teheran-ro 33-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06141, Republic of Korea; Allbarun Kyunghee Korean Medicine Clinic, 18, Pungmu-ro 146-gil, Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- BS Healthcare Co., Ltd., 11 Teheran-ro 33-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06141, Republic of Korea; Allbarun Kyunghee Korean Medicine Clinic, 18, Pungmu-ro 146-gil, Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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71
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Zhang J, Li SL, Lin W, Pan RH, Dai Y, Xia YF. Tripterygium glycoside tablet attenuates renal function impairment in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating triglyceride metabolism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115028. [PMID: 36108463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tripterygium glycoside tablet (TGT) has been used clinically to alleviate diabetic nephropathy (DN) for decades. However, the mechanism of its anti-DN has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to elucidate molecular mechanism of TGT in repairing renal function injury. The results of biochemical parameters and renal histopathology implied that TGT intervention could attenuate creatinine, albumin excretion rate and histological injury of kidney in DN mouse model. Moreover, UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis indicated that 11 metabolites in kidney of mice with DN were restored after TGT treatment, and the most prominent metabolic alteration was triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Mechanistically, TGT effectively improved the function of impaired kidney by promoting TG catabolism via modulation of adipose triglyceride lipase in DN mice. Our findings identified the link between circulating metabolites and DN, suggesting that it might be a possibility to intervene in DN by targeting metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Si-Lan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wen Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rong-Hua Pan
- The Chinese Traditional Medical Hospital of Liyang City, Liyang 213300, China
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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72
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Wen L, Xie Y. Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata total alkaloids exert anti-RA effects by regulating NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways and promoting apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980229. [PMID: 36120302 PMCID: PMC9478898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (“Fuzi” in Chinese) is one of the traditional herbs widely used to intervene rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while Fuzi total alkaloids (FTAs) are the main bioactive components. However, the treatment targets and specific mechanisms of FTAs against RA have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the anti-rheumatism effects of FTAs and reveal its potential molecular mechanisms. In TNF-α-induced MH7A cells model, we found that FTAs showed inhibitory effects on proliferation. While, FTAs significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-3, PGE2, TGF-β, and VEGF. FTAs also enhanced the progress of apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase to prevent excessive cell proliferation. In addition, FTAs inhibited the hyperactivity of NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, and regulated the cascade reaction of mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. The results suggested that FTAs exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, promoted apoptosis by stimulating mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway, and inhibited cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Wen
- Department of Digestion and Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital Jinniu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfei Xie,
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Wang J, Zeng J, Liu Z, Zhou Q, Wang X, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu M, Du R. Promising Strategies for Transdermal Delivery of Arthritis Drugs: Microneedle Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081736. [PMID: 36015362 PMCID: PMC9416616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a general term for various types of inflammatory joint diseases. The most common clinical conditions are mainly represented by rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, which affect more than 4% of people worldwide and seriously limit their mobility. Arthritis medication generally requires long-term application, while conventional administrations by oral delivery or injections may cause gastrointestinal side effects and are inconvenient for patients during long-term application. Emerging microneedle (MN) technology in recent years has created new avenues of transdermal delivery for arthritis drugs due to its advantages of painless skin perforation and efficient local delivery. This review summarizes various types of arthritis and current therapeutic agents. The current development of MNs in the delivery of arthritis drugs is highlighted, demonstrating their capabilities in achieving different drug release profiles through different self-enhancement methods or the incorporation of nanocarriers. Furthermore, the challenges of translating MNs from laboratory studies to the clinical practice and the marketplace are discussed. This promising technology provides a new approach to the current drug delivery paradigm in treating arthritis in transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiamiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minchen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Ruofei Du
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (R.D.)
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Shi L, Zhao Y, Feng C, Miao F, Dong L, Wang T, Stalin A, Zhang J, Tu J, Liu K, Sun W, Wu J. Therapeutic effects of shaogan fuzi decoction in rheumatoid arthritis: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967164. [PMID: 36059943 PMCID: PMC9428562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaogan Fuzi Decoction (SGFD), one of the classical prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, has a long history in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but definitive studies on its efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. This study aims to elucidate the pharmacodynamic role of SGFD against RA and the potential mechanisms based on a combination of network pharmacology and experimental verification. The RA model in rats was induced by intradermal injection of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant at the tail root. SGFD was administered once a day by oral gavage for 4 weeks. After SGFD administration, rat’s arthritis index (AI) score and paw swelling decreased to some extent, and synovial inflammation, vascular hyperplasia, and cartilage destruction of the ankle joint were improved. Simultaneously, thymus and spleen index and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were lowered. Network pharmacology revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, formononetin isorhamnetin and licochalcone A were the potentialiy active components, and IL6, TP53, TNF, PTGS2, MAPK3 and IL-1β were potential key targets for SGFD in the treatment of RA. Ingredients-targets molecular docking showed that the components had the high binding activity to these target proteins. The mechanism of SGFD for RA involves various biological functions and is closely correlated with TNF signaling pathway, Osteoclast differentiation, T cell receptor signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and so on. Western blot and ELISA showed that the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), p-p38, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (p-ERK) and TNF-α was significantly upregulated in the synovium of RA rats, and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were significantly increased. SGFD inhibits the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and the expression/production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, SGFD could improve the symptoms and inflammatory response in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. The mechanism might be related to the regulation of TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway and the reduction of inflammatory factor release, which partially confirms the results predicted by network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenran Feng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Miao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianquan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Tu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyan Sun, ; Jiarui Wu,
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yao L, Cheng S, Yang J, Xiang F, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Pang Y, Zhou W, Abliz Z. Metabolomics reveals the intervention effect of Zhuang medicine Longzuantongbi granules on a collagen-induced arthritis rat model by using UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115325. [PMID: 35508204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known as "Fawang" in Zhuang medical theory. Longzuantongbi granules (LZTBG) is an in-hospital preparation used at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine. This medicine is based on traditional Zhuang medicine theory for the treatment of "Fawang", and has an effectiveness of over 86.67%. It comprises eight medicinal materials, including the main drug Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. and Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C. Smith, the assisting drugs Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms, Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC., Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd.et Wils., Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth., Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, and Ficus hirta Vahl. All of these herbs are commonly used in Zhuang medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to reveal the effect of LZTBG on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, to discover the potential efficacy-related biomarkers and explore the intervention mechanism of LZTBG from a molecular level, based on metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into a normal group, a CIA model group, a positive control (MTX) group and two different LZTBG treatment groups (5.4 g/kg/d and 2.7 g/kg/d). Body weight, arthritis index (AI), paw swelling, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining experiments were used to evaluate the efficacy of the established model. A metabolomics method based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique was established to analyze plasma taken from the rats, and to explore the interventional mechanism of LZTBG. RESULTS LZTBG showed a positive effect on the CIA model rats. Thirty-one differential metabolites were screened out, and combined with pathway analysis, 11 potential efficacy-related biomarkers were then mapped in the pathway. These included linoleic acid (LA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), arachidonic acid (AA), 12-HETE, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), 13(S)-HOT, 2-oxobutanoate, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, L-Valine, and acetylcholine. Furthermore, it was found that these metabolites may exhibit an intervention effect by means of modulating pathways related to both lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism to associated with inflammation. CONCLUSION LZTBG can effectively alleviate symptoms of RA, an effect that can primarily be attributed to the regulation of multiple pathways and multiple targets These results demonstrate that LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics is an advantageous technique for the investigation of the intervention effect and molecular mechanism of traditional compound medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuohan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangfang Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qinghuai Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Yuzhou Pang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zeper Abliz
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Quality of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets Based on Multi-Component Quantification Combined with an In Vitro Biological Assay. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165102. [PMID: 36014337 PMCID: PMC9416487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGTs) are widely used in clinical practice to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, with significant beneficial effects but also high toxicity, necessitating rigorous quality evaluation and control. In current study, a rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (RRLC–ESI–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of 14 components of ten batches of TGTs produced by different manufacturers, including four diterpenoids, three triterpenoids, and seven sesquiterpene alkaloids. Meanwhile, the NO inhibition effects of these TGTs were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells for their downstream anti-inflammatory activities, as well as their cytotoxicity. The results indicate that the TGTs from different manufacturers showed poor quality consistency, as evidenced by large variations in chemical profiles and biological effects, which may increase the risks associated with clinical use. To improve the quality status of TGTs, it is crucial to identify indicator components whose characterization can accurately reflect the efficacy and toxicity of TGTs from which they were derived. Our study reveals that triptolide, triptoquinone B, celastrol, and demethylzelaysteral considerably contributed to the anti-inflammatory activity and/or cytotoxicity of TGTs, implying that they should be further investigated as candidate indicator components for TGT quality control.
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Yang G, Wang K, Song H, Zhu R, Ding S, Yang H, Sun J, Wen X, Sun L. Celastrol ameliorates osteoarthritis via regulating TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963506. [PMID: 36034791 PMCID: PMC9399520 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by degeneration of joint cartilage and is a significant cause of severe joint pain, physical disability, and impaired quality of life in the aging population. Celastrol, a Chinese herbal medicine, has attracted wide interests because of its anti-inflammatory effects on a variety of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of celastrol on OA as well as the mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods: A rat knee OA model was established using “medial collateral ligament transection (MCLT) + partial meniscectomy (pMMT)”. Eight weeks after surgery, the OA rats started to receive intra-articular injection of celastrol (1 mg/kg) once a week. Safranin O-fast green (S&F) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to estimate histopathological changes. Micro-CT was used to evaluate bone volume of the subchondral bone of the knee joint. Chondrocytes were isolated from the knee cartilage of rats and OA patients. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot (WB), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors and stromal proteins, respectively. Results: We found that celastrol treatment significantly delayed the progression of cartilage damage with a significant reduction in osteophyte formation and bone resorption in OA rat model. In IL-1β-stimulated rat chondrocytes, celastrol significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), and reduced IL-1β-induced matrix degradation by down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). In addition, we found that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was up-regulated in OA patients and rat knee OA models, while celastrol inhibited TLR2 signal and its downstream nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation. Conclusion: In summary, celastrol may improve OA by inhibiting the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway, which provides innovative strategies for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Yang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Huai’an No 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rujie Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Sun, ; Xin Wen, ; Lingyun Sun,
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Sun, ; Xin Wen, ; Lingyun Sun,
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Sun, ; Xin Wen, ; Lingyun Sun,
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Bu Y, Wu H, Deng R, Wang Y. Geniposide restricts angiogenesis in experimentary arthritis via inhibiting Dnmt1-mediated PTEN hypermethylation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109087. [PMID: 35908504 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a key bridge between malignant proliferative synovial tissue and pannus. In view of previous studies on the efficacy of Geniposide (GE) in experimentary arthritis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism of GE inhibiting angiogenesis by regulating the gene of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat models were performed to research in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that GE treatment significantly reduced synovitis and angiogenesis in AA rats, which may be associated with the increased expression of PTEN with GE treatment. Meanwhile, the hypermethylation of PTEN accompanied by the over-expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) was demonstrated in TNF-α-induced HUVEC and AA rats. Knockdown of Dnmt1 by Dnmt1- siRNA significantly inhibited the tube formation of HUVEC in vitro. GE significantly restricted the angiogenesis of HUVEC by inhibiting DNA methylation, which was attributed to the down-regulation of Dnmt1 rather than Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. The anti-angiogenesis effect of GE was further verified in AA model by the inhibition of Dnmt1. These results indicate that GE exhibited anti-angiogenesis effects in experimentary arthritis by inhibiting Dnmt1-mediated PTEN gene hypermethylation, which may brings new insights for the prevention and research of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Liu X, Lin L, Lv T, Lu L, Li X, Han Y, Qiu Z, Li X, Li Y, Song X, Cao W, Li T. Combined multi-omics and network pharmacology approach reveals the role of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in treating HIV immunological non-responders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154103. [PMID: 35468451 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV-1 infected immunological non-responders (INRs) are characterized by poor immune reconstitution after long-term treatment. Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) pill is a traditional Chinese patent drug with extensive immunosuppressive effects and has been clinically proven efficacy in treating INRs. PURPOSE The therapeutic mechanism of TwHF pills in the treatment of INRs was investigated by the combined multi-omics analysis on clinical samples and network pharmacology approach. METHODS Clinically, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples of TwHF-treated INRs from different time points were collected to conduct the transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Key effector pathways of TwHF were enriched and analyzed by the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Computationally, the TwHF-related compounds were obtained from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and literature search and structural prediction were performed to identify TwHF-related targets. Integrated with the INR-related targets, the 'TwHF-compounds-targets-INR' network was constructed to analyze core effector targets by centrality measurement. Experimentally, the effects of TwHF compounds on the T cells activation and expression of identified targets were evaluated with in vitro cell culture. RESULTS 33 INRs were included and treated with TwHF pills for 17 (IQR, 12-24) months. These patients experienced rapid growth in the CD4+ T cell counts and decreased T cell activation. The multi-omics analysis showed that the interferon (IFN)-signaling pathway was significantly inhibited after taking TwHF pills. The network pharmacology predicted the central role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the 'TwHF-compounds-targets-INR' network. Further bioinformatic analysis predicted STAT1 would regulate over 58.8% of identified down-regulated genes. Cell experiments validated that triptolide (TPL) would serve as the major bioactivity compound of TwHF pills to inhibit the immune cell activation, the production of IFN-γ, the expression of downstream IFN-stimulated genes, and the phosphorylation of STAT1. CONCLUSION Our research is the first to systemic verify the mechanisms of TwHF in treating INRs. The IFN signaling pathway and the STAT1 would be the major effector targets of TwHF pills in treating INRs. The TPL would be the major bioactive compound to inhibit the IFN response and the phosphorylation of STAT1. Our observations suggest the basis for further application of TPL analogous in treating INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxia Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Wong YK, Liu D, Gao P, Lin Q, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J. Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals anti-cancer targets of Celastrol in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154096. [PMID: 35452923 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol (Cel) is a naturally-derived compound with anti-cancer properties and exerts beneficial effects against various diseases. Although an extensive body of research already exists for Cel, the vast majority are inductive studies with limited validation of specific pathways and functions. The cellular targets that bind to Cel remain poorly characterized, which limits attempts to uncover its mechanism of action. PURPOSE The present study aims to comprehensively identify the protein targets of Cel in HCT116 cells in an unbiased manner, and elucidate the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of Cel based on target information. METHODS A comprehensive analysis of protein targets that bind to Cel was performed in HCT116 colon cancer cells using a quantitative chemical biology method. A Cel probe (Cel-P) was synthesized to allow in situ monitoring of treatment in living HCT116 cells, and specific targets were identified with a quantitative chemical biology method (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) using mass spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 100 protein targets were identified as specific targets of Cel. Pathways associated with the targets were investigated. Multiple pathways were demonstrated to be potential effectors of Cel. These pathways included the suppression of protein synthesis, deregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species, and suppression of fatty acid metabolism, and they were validated with in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION The extensive information on the protein targets of Cel and their functions uncovered by this study will enhance the current understanding of the mechanism of action of Cel and serve as a valuable knowledge base for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Department of physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China; Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523125, China; Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524037, China; Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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81
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Qian Q, Gao Y, Xun G, Wang X, Ge J, Zhang H, Mou F, Su S, Wang Q. Synchronous Investigation of the Mechanism and Substance Basis of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets on Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis and Hepatotoxicity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5333-5352. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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82
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Wu W, Cheng R, Boucetta H, Xu L, Pan JR, Song M, Lu YT, Hang TJ. Differences in Multicomponent Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets in Normal and Adriamycin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Models and Correlations With Efficacy and Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910923. [PMID: 35754482 PMCID: PMC9221999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGT) are widely used for treating nephrotic syndrome (NS), but hepatotoxicity is frequently reported. The presence of underlying disease(s) can alter the disposition of drugs and affect their efficacy and toxicity. However, no studies have reported the impact of NS on the ADME profiles of TGT or its subsequent impact on the efficacy and toxicity. Thus, the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of TGT were evaluated in normal and NS rats after oral administration of TGT (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The corresponding ADME profiles of the six key TGT components (triptolide (TPL), wilforlide A (WA), wilforgine (WFG), wilfortrine (WFT), wilfordine (WFD), and wilforine (WFR)) were also measured and compared in normal and NS rats after a single oral gavage of 10 mg/kg TGT. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) of the severity of NS and the in vivo exposure of the six key TGT components was performed to screen the anti–NS and hepatotoxic material bases of TGT. Finally, the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of the target compounds were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that TGT decreased the NS symptoms in rats, but caused worse hepatotoxicity under the NS state. Significant differences in the ADME profiles of the six key TGT components between the normal and NS rats were as follows: higher plasma and tissue exposure, lower urinary and biliary excretion, and higher fecal excretion for NS rats. Based on CCA and in vitro verification, TPL, WA, WFG, WFT, WFD, and WFR were identified as the anti–NS material bases of TGT, whereas TPL, WFG, WFT, and WFD were recognized as the hepatotoxic material bases. In conclusion, NS significantly altered the ADME profiles of the six key TGT components detected in rats, which were related to the anti–NS and hepatotoxic effects of TGT. These results are useful for the rational clinical applications of TGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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83
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Yan M, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Wang G, Shi W, Jiang M, Zhao J, Wu X, Zeng H. The Effect of Triptolide Combined With Crocin on Arthritis in Mice: From Side Effect Attenuation to Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908227. [PMID: 35814255 PMCID: PMC9260116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of triptolide (TP) is restricted due to severe toxicity. This study assessed the protective effect of crocin (CR) as a natural antioxidant against TP-induced toxicity in bovine collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. The mice in the CIA model group showed macroscopic signs of severe arthritis. The anti-arthritis effects in the control, TP + CR, and TP groups were evaluated through assessment of foot volume, arthritis score, and proinflammatory cytokines, and collagen antibody assay. Crocin reduced TP-induced toxicity, as evidenced by evaluation of survival rate, body weight, visceral index, hepatic and renal functions, histopathologic analyses, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in identification of 76 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with hepatotoxicity between the TP and TP + CR groups. Of these, Three DEGs (Cyp1a2,Gsta4, and Gstp1) were validated using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. In conclusion, CR protected CIA mice from TP-induced toxicity through modulation of the cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Zhao, ; Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng,
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Zhao, ; Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng,
| | - Huahui Zeng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Zhao, ; Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng,
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Zhao L, Lan Z, Peng L, Wan L, Liu D, Tan X, Tang C, Chen G, Liu H. Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13278. [PMID: 35733381 PMCID: PMC9436901 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial cell proliferation is the most basic pathological feature of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN); however, the specific underlying mechanism and an appropriate therapeutic strategy are yet to be unearthed. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide (TP) on IgAN and the mechanism by which TP regulates autophagy and proliferation of mesangial cells through the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. Methods We established a TP‐treated IgAN mouse model and produced IgA1‐induced human mesangial cells (HMC) and divided them into control, TP, IgAN, and IgAN+TP groups. The levels of mesangial cell proliferation (PCNA, cyclin D1, cell viability, and cell cycle) and autophagy (P62, LC3 II, and autophagy flux rate) were measured, with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐Methyladenine used to explore the relationship between autophagy and proliferation. We observed CARD9 expression in renal biopsies from patients and analyzed its clinical significance. CARD9 siRNA and overexpression plasmids were constructed to investigate the changes in mesangial cell proliferation and autophagy as well as the expression of CARD9 and p‐p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK following TP treatment. Results Administering TP was safe and effectively alleviated mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN mice. Moreover, TP inhibited IgA1‐induced HMC proliferation by promoting autophagy. The high expression of CARD9 in IgAN patients was positively correlated with the severity of HMC proliferation. CARD9/p38 MAPK was involved in the regulation of HMC autophagy and proliferation, and TP promoted autophagy to inhibit HMC proliferation by downregulating the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway in IgAN. Conclusion TP promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixin Lan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Triptolide Induces Liver Injury by Regulating Macrophage Recruitment and Polarization via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1492239. [PMID: 35770044 PMCID: PMC9236772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1492239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) has limited usage in clinical practice due to its side effects and toxicity, especially liver injury. Hepatic macrophages, key player of liver innate immunity, were found to be recruited and activated by TP in our previous study. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway exerts a protective role in TP-induced liver damage, but its effect on the functions of hepatic macrophage has not been elucidated. Here, we determined whether TP can regulate the recruitment and polarization of hepatic macrophages by inhibiting Nrf2 signaling cascade. Our results demonstrated that TP inhibited the Nrf2 signaling pathway in hepatic macrophages. The changes in hepatic macrophages were responsible for the increased susceptibility toward inflammatory stimuli, and hence, TP pretreatment could induce severe liver damage upon the stimulation of a nontoxic dose of lipopolysaccharides. In addition, the Nrf2 agonist protected macrophages from TP-induced toxicity and Nrf2 deficiency significantly aggravated liver injury by enhancing the recruitment and M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages. This study suggests that Nrf2 pathway-mediated hepatic macrophage polarization plays an essential role in TP-induced liver damage, which can serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing hepatotoxicity induced by TP.
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Network pharmacology approach and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Chubi capsules in rheumatoid arthritis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1061-1073. [PMID: 35670824 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Network pharmacology, a holistic approach based on the theory of biological network technology, integrates information from biological systems, drugs, and diseases. Here, this theory was used to predict the targets of Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Chubi capsule (WWWT) to explore the mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The ingredients of each herbal medicine in WWWT were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the active ingredients were screened through bioavailability (OB) ≥30% and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18. SwissTargetPrection and TCMSP were utilized to calculate and predict the targets of active ingredients. RA-related targets were obtained by searching the Genecards and OMIM databases. The common targets of RA and WWWT were used for gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and molecular docking. And then, four key genes were screened for subsequent verification experiments. In total, 90 active compounds and 330 potential targets of WWWT, 1310 targets of RA, and 135 intersection targets were found. Additionally, GO and pathway analysis identified 4610 significant GO terms and 147 significant KEGG pathways. Based on the PPI network, 11 key genes including IL-6, MMP-9, and TNF-α were screened out for molecular docking. Molecular docking showed that these key genes have good binding activities to active compounds of WWWT such as oroxylin a, kaempferol, and luteolin. Simultaneously, Western blot experimental validation demonstrated that the protein expressions of IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α, and VEGFA significantly decreased after WWWT treatment. The mechanism of WWWT in treating RA involves multiple active compounds acting on multiple targets, and multiple pathways, which provides an important reference for further elucidation the mechanism and clinical applications of WWWT in the treatment of RA.
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Dai Y, Sun L, Han S, Xu S, Wang L, Ding Y. Proteomic Study on the Reproductive Toxicity of Tripterygium Glycosides in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888968. [PMID: 35668950 PMCID: PMC9163711 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycoside tablet (TGT) is a common clinically used and effective non-steroidal immunosuppressant. However, its reproductive toxicity limits its application in pediatric immune diseases, warranting the study of the molecular mechanism behind its reproductive toxicity. In the present study, 4-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were provided TGT through continuous gavage with a clinically equivalent dose of 12 mg/kg for 12 weeks. The reproductive toxicity of TGT was recorded, and its toxicity mechanism was verified through experimental validation and proteomics analyses. Our results demonstrated that TGT could significantly reduce the testosterone level in the serum as well as the concentration and survival rate of sperms. Pathological sections of the testis revealed that TGT could reduce spermatocytes at different levels and make the convoluted meridians vacuolated. Based on tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative rats testicular tissue proteomics, 34 differential proteins were screened, involving protein digestion and absorption, PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt, and other pathways, among which PI3K-Akt plays an important role in the study of reproductive injury. Western blotting results revealed that TGT could significantly downregulate the Col1A1, Col1A2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt expressions and inhibit the expression of proteins related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In summary, the clinically equivalent dose of TGT induced reproductive toxicity of 4-week-old male SD rats, possibly in relation to the inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Dai
- Pediatric Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Pediatric Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Pediatric Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shanshan Han, ; Ying Ding,
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Pediatric Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Pediatric Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Pediatric Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shanshan Han, ; Ying Ding,
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88
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Le WB, Shi JS, Gong SW, Yang F. Effectiveness and safety of KunXian capsule for the treatment of IgA nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:179. [PMID: 35538439 PMCID: PMC9088128 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) preparation has been widely used in the treatments of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in China. However, the effectiveness and safety of the new generation of TwHF preparation, KuxXian capsule, on the treatment of IgAN remains unknown. METHODS Here, we retrospectively describe our experience treating 55 consecutive IgAN patients with KunXian. We defined complete remission as proteinuria < 0.5 g/24 h and partial remission as proteinuria < 1 g/24 h, each also having > 50% reduction in proteinuria from baseline. RESULTS At first follow-up after KunXian treatment (5.7 weeks, IQR 4.7-7.9), all but two patients (96%) showed a reduction in proteinuria. The overall median proteinuria decreased from 2.23 g/day at baseline to 0.94 g/day (P < 0.001) at the first follow-up. During a median follow-up of 28 weeks after KunXian administration, 25(45.5%) patients achieved complete remission, 34 (61.8%) patients achieved complete/partial remission. Of the 12 patients discontinued KunXian treatment during the follow-up, the median proteinuria was increased from 0.97 g/24 h to 2.74 g/24 h after a median of 10.9 weeks (P = 0.004). Multivariable Cox models showed that female, treatment switching from previous generation of TwHF preparation, lower initial KunXian dosage, and higher proteinuria at baseline were independently associated proteinuria remission. Of the 20 pre-menopausal females, 12 of them developed oligomenorrhea or menstrual irregularity and ten of them developed amenorrhea. CONCLUSION KunXian is effectiveness and safety for the treatment of IgA nephropathy. Woman of childbearing age to be informed of the risk of ovarian failure after being treated with TwHF preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Le
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210018, China.
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Si-Wen Gong
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
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Hu B, Li D, Zeng Z, Zhang Z, Cao R, Dong X, Yun C, Li L, Krämer B, Morgera S, Hocher B, Tang D, Yin L, Dai Y. Integrated proteome and malonylome analyses reveal the neutrophil extracellular trap formation pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. J Proteomics 2022; 262:104597. [PMID: 35489682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiology in which the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play an important role. PTMs, such as those involved in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), have been well studied. The excessive formation and release of NETs can mediate inflammation and joint destruction in RA. It has been gradually recognized that lysine malonylation (Kmal) can regulate some biological processes in some prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, less is known about the role of Kmal in RA. We therefore performed proteome and malonylome analyses to explore the proteomic characteristics of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 36 RA patients and 82 healthy subjects. In total, 938 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 42 differentially malonylated proteins (DMPs) with 55 Kmal sites were detected through a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based analysis. Functional analysis showed that two DEPs with four malonylated sites and one DMP with a malonylated site were identified in the neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) pathway. Altogether, this study not only describes the characteristics of the malonylome in RA for the first time, but it also reveals that malonylation may be involved in the NETosis pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report that reveals the proteomic features of Kmal in RA through a LC-MS/MS-based method. In this study, we found that several key DMPs were associated with the NETosis pathway, which contributes to the development of RA. The present results provide an informative dataset for the future exploration of Kmal in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Dandan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Rui Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - XiangNan Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chen Yun
- Guangzhou Enttxs Medical Products Co., Ltd. P.R. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Hospital of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bernhard Krämer
- Department of Medicine Nephrologh, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heideiberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Berthold Hocher
- Department of Medicine Nephrologh, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heideiberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.
| | - Lianghong Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Huangpu Institute of Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.
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Zou XJ, Qiao L, Li F, Chen H, Yang YJ, Xu D, Zheng WJ, Jiang ZY, Wang L, Wu QJ, Zhang FC. Clinical characteristics of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis and distinguished features from rheumatoid arthritis: a single-center experience in China. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:164. [PMID: 35413870 PMCID: PMC9004099 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH). METHODS The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results and histologic characteristics of eleven patients with MRH were collected and compared with those of 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS In total, 72.7% of the MRH patients were women. The median age was 46 years (range 33-84 years). Diagnosed by specific pathologic features, all MRH patients exhibited cutaneous involvement. The dorsa of the hands, arms, face and auricle were the most commonly affected areas. Nodules were also located on the legs, scalp, trunk, neck, and even the hypoglossis and buccal mucosa. Ten MRH patients (90.9%) had symmetric polyarthritis. Compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, MRH patients were more likely to have distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) involvement (63.6% vs 24.2%, P = 0.017) and less likely to have elbow (36.4% vs 72.7%, P = 0.003), ankle (45.5% vs 93.9%, P < 0.001) and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) (36.4% vs 78.8%, P = 0.009) involvement. Positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF) (36.4% vs 84.6%, P = 0.001) and anti-CCP antibody (9.1% vs 81.8%, P = 0.000), as well as the median RF titer [43.8 (31.7-61.0) vs 175.4 (21.3-940.3), P = 0.021], in MRH patients was lower than in RA patients. Elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also less common in MRH patients than in RA patients (36.4% vs 72.7%, P = 0.030). After treatment with median- to large-dose corticosteroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, 8 patients achieved complete remission and 2 patients partial remission (skin lesions ameliorated, joint lesions not ameliorated). CONCLUSION Always pathologically diagnosed, MRH is a systemic disease involving RA-like erosive polyarthritis and a specific distribution of skin nodules characterized by "coral beads". More DIP involvement and less elbow, ankle and MCP involvement are seen in MRH than in RA. In addition, less positivity and lower-titer RF, uncommon presence of anti-CCP antibodies and ESR elevation may be helpful to distinguish MRH from RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qing-Jun Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Feng-Chun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science& Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
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Qi W, Chen R, Chen M, Zhao M, Wang M. Evaluation Analysis of the Nephrotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii Preparations with CONSORT Harms Statement Based on Deep Learning. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5054932. [PMID: 35432821 PMCID: PMC9010145 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the safety of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TW) preparation was evaluated by combining literature research and evidence-based evaluation research, so as to provide evidence-based safety information of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside preparation (nephroptosis) for government decision making and clinical application. In this paper, we propose a network structure inspired by the LSTM gate mechanism. All the research methods of the included references are evaluated by internationally recognized evaluation tools or standards. Prevalence was analyzed according to the type of intervention (e.g., time of administration) and route of administration. The results of this experiment provide methods and suggestions for the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine nephroptosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Qi
- Pharmacy Department of Baojl, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, Shaanxi 721001, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Pharmacy Department of Baojl, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, Shaanxi 721001, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Pharmacy Department of Hanzhong, People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Pharmacy Department of Xi'an, Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Mingzhao Wang
- Pharmacy Department of Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
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92
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Cheng W, Li F, Tian J, Xie X, Chen JW, Peng XF, Tang Q, Ge Y. New Insights in the Treatment of SAPHO Syndrome and Medication Recommendations. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2365-2380. [PMID: 35444448 PMCID: PMC9013916 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s353539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by dermatological disorders and osteoarticular inflammatory lesions. This article reviews the application of biologics and other treatments based on the therapeutic target and the size of molecules in SAPHO syndrome. We found that drugs, especially biologics, have different effects on bone, joint, and skin damage. This may relate to the different inflammatory pathways involved in the osteoarticular and cutaneous symptoms in SAPHO patients. In this study, we provide stratified medication recommendations for SAPHO syndrome. Patients with osteoarticular symptoms can consider tumor necrosis factor blockers, JAK inhibitor, interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitor, and IL-17 inhibitor. Patients with cutaneous symptoms should consider IL-17 and JAK inhibitors. Apremilast, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and bisphosphonates are other effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ge
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Ge, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Paul AK, Jahan R, Paul A, Mahboob T, Bondhon TA, Jannat K, Hasan A, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M. The Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Obesity and Arthritis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050985. [PMID: 35267958 PMCID: PMC8912584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern, as it causes a massive cascade of chronic inflammations and multiple morbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory conditions and often manifest as comorbidities of obesity. Adipose tissues serve as a reservoir of energy as well as releasing several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that stimulate low-grade chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. Dietary intake, low physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors can influence obesity and arthritis. Current arthritis management using modern medicines produces various adverse reactions. Medicinal plants have been a significant part of traditional medicine, and various plants and phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against arthritis and obesity; however, scientifically, this traditional plant-based treatment option needs validation through proper clinical trials and toxicity tests. In addition, essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are being widely used as for complementary therapy (e.g., aromatherapy, smelling, spicing, and consumption with food) against arthritis and obesity; scientific evidence is necessary to support their effectiveness. This review is an attempt to understand the pathophysiological connections between obesity and arthritis, and describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice, and aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anita Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Tohmina A. Bondhon
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anamul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
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Xia M, Liu D, Liu H, Zhao J, Tang C, Chen G, Liu Y, Liu H. Based on Network Pharmacology Tools to Investigate the Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii Against IgA Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:794962. [PMID: 34977095 PMCID: PMC8715946 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.794962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease and poses a global major public health burden. The preparation of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is widely applied for treating patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy in China, while the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic mechanism of TwHF on IgAN by undertaking a holistic network pharmacology strategy in combination with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: TwHF active ingredients and their targets were obtained via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. The collection of IgAN-related target genes was collected from GeneCards and OMIM. TwHF-IgAN common targets were integrated and visualized by Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine the predominant molecular mechanisms and pathways of TwHF on the treatment of IgAN. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by the STRING online search tool, and hub genes were identified using R software. The expression of hub gene and related signaling were evaluated in TwHF-treated mice through immunohistochemistry and western blot and further validated in human mesangial cells (HMCs). In addition, Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of TwHF on cell proliferation and cell cycle of mesangial cells. Results: A total of 51 active ingredients were screened from TwHF and 61 overlapping targets related to IgAN were considered potential therapeutic targets, GO functions and KEGG analyses demonstrated that these genes were primarily associated with DNA-binding transcription factor binding, lipid and atherosclerosis pathway. Genes with higher degrees including AKT1, CXCL8, MMP9, PTGS2, CASP3, JUN are hub genes of TwHF against IgAN. Verification of hub gene JUN both in vitro and in vivo showed that TwHF significantly attenuated JUN phosphorylation in the kidneys of IgAN mice and aIgA1-activated HMCs, meanwhile suppressing HMCs proliferation and arresting G1-S cell cycle progression. Conclusion: Our research strengthened the mechanisms of TwHF in treating IgAN, inhibition of JUN activation may play a pivotal role in TwHF in alleviating IgAN renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juanyong Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ma Z, Liu Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Lin N. Repurposing a clinically approved prescription Colquhounia root tablet to treat diabetic kidney disease via suppressing PI3K/AKT/NF-kB activation. Chin Med 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 34980163 PMCID: PMC8725443 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing clinical evidences show the potentials of Colquhounia root tablet (CRT) in alleviating diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, its pharmacological properties and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods ‘Drug target-Disease gene’ interaction network was constructed and the candidate network targets were screened through evaluating node genes' topological importance. Then, a DKD rat model induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin was established and used to determine pharmacological effects and network regulatory mechanisms of CRT against DKD, which were also verified using HK2 cell model induced by high glucose. Results The candidate network targets of CRT against DKD were involved into various type II diabetes-related and nephropathy-related pathways. Due to the topological importance of the candidate network targets and the important role of the imbalance between immunity and inflammation in the pathogenesis of DKD, PI3K/AKT/NF-кB signaling-mediated immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of CRT were selected to be experimentally verified. On the basis of high-fat diet (HFD) / streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DKD rat model, CRT effectively reduced the elevated level of blood glucose, decreased the accumulation of renal lipid, suppressed inflammation and the generation of ECM proteins, and ameliorated kidney function and the renal histopathology through inhibiting the activation of PI3K, AKT and NF-кB proteins, reducing the nuclear accumulation of NF-кB protein and the serum levels of downstream cytokines, which were in line with the in vitro findings. Conclusions Our data suggest that CRT may be the promising candidate drug for treating DKD via reversing the imbalance of immune-inflammation system mediated by the PI3K/AKT/NF-кB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00563-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Congchong Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Na Lin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
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96
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Zhao X, Huang C, Su M, Ran Y, Wang Y, Yin Z. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Celastrol-Loaded : Bilirubin Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. AAPS J 2021; 24:14. [PMID: 34907482 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol (CLT) has shown anti-rheumatic activity against rheumatoid arthritis, while its poor water solubility and high organ toxicity restrict its further therapeutic applications. To mitigate these challenges, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticle was developed for celastrol delivery based on the excessive ROS at the pathologic sites, which was synthesized by conjugating bilirubin to a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain. The PEGylated bilirubin self-assembled into nanoparticle (BRNP) in aqueous solution had a hydrodynamic diameter of around 68.6 nm, and celastrol was loaded into BRNP (CLT/BRNP) with a drug encapsulation efficiency of 72.6% and a loading capacity of 6.6%. In vitro study revealed that CLT/BRNP exhibited the capacity of scavenging intracellular ROS and down-regulating the level of nitric oxide after it was effectively internalized by activated macrophages. Furthermore, in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats, BRNP was accumulated preferentially at inflamed joints, alleviating the joint swelling and bone erosion, which significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to suppress the RA progression. Importantly, CLT/BRNP markedly enhanced its anti-arthritic effect and attenuated the toxic effect compared with free celastrol. Taken together, our results suggested that CLT/BRNP could be used for targeted drug delivery in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meiling Su
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zongning Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhao J, Zhang F, Xiao X, Wu Z, Hu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wei S, Ma X, Zhang X. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch and Its Main Bioactive Components: Recent Advances in Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715359. [PMID: 34887747 PMCID: PMC8650721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch (THH) is believed to play an important role in health care and disease treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, it is also the representative of medicine with both significant efficacy and potential toxicity. This characteristic causes THH hard for embracing and fearing. In order to verify its prospect for clinic, a wide variety of studies were carried out in the most recent years. However, there has not been any review about THH yet. Therefore, this review summarized its characteristic of components, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics and toxicity to comprehensively shed light on the potential clinical application. More than 120 secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, organic acids, oleanolic acid, polysaccharides and other components were found in THH based on phytochemical research. All these components might be the pharmacological bases for immunosuppression, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effect. In addition, recent studies found that THH and its bioactive compounds also demonstrated remarkable effect on obesity, insulin resistance, fertility and infection of virus. The main mechanism seemed to be closely related to regulation the balance of immune, inflammation, apoptosis and so on in various disease. Furthermore, the study of pharmacokinetics revealed quick elimination of the main component triptolide. The feature of celastrol was also investigated by several models. Finally, the side effect of THH was thought to be the key for its limitation in clinical application. A series of reports indicated that multiple organs or systems including liver, kidney and genital system were involved in the toxicity. Its potential serious problem in liver was paid specific attention in recent years. In summary, considering the significant effect and potential toxicity of THH as well as its components, the combined medication to inhibit the toxicity, maintain effect might be a promising method for clinical conversion. Modern advanced technology such as structure optimization might be another way to reach the efficacy and safety. Thus, THH is still a crucial plant which remains for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
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98
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Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Curative Effect of Kunxian Capsules against Rheumatoid Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6812374. [PMID: 34630616 PMCID: PMC8497097 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6812374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Kunxian capsules (KCs), a Chinese patent medicine, have been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the chemical profile of KC remains to be characterized, and the mechanism underlying the protective effect against RA is yet to be elucidated. Here, a network pharmacology-based approach was adopted, integrated with the chemical profiling of KC by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. As a result, a total of 67 compounds have been identified from KC extract, among which 43 were authenticated by comparison to the mass spectrum of standard chemicals. ADME behaviors of the chemical constituents of KC were predicted, resulting in 35 putative active ingredients. Through target prediction of both active ingredients of KC and RA and PPI analysis, core targets were screened out, followed by biological process and related pathway enrichment. Then, a TCM-herb-ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed and a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway synergistic mechanism was proposed, providing an information basis for further investigation. The active pharmaceutical ingredients included mainly terpenoids (such as triptolide and celastrol), sesquiterpene pyridines (such as wilforgine and wilforine), and flavonoids (such as icariin, epimedin A, B, and C, and 2″-O-rhamnosylicariside II).
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99
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He H, Takahashi A, Mukai T, Hori A, Narita M, Tojo A, Yang T, Nagamura-Inoue T. The Immunomodulatory Effect of Triptolide on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686356. [PMID: 34484183 PMCID: PMC8415460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have immunosuppressive ability and have been used in clinical treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease, one of severe complications of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, MSCs are activated to suppress the immune system only after encountering an inflammatory stimulation. Thus, it will be ideal if MSCs are primed to be activated and ready to suppress the immune reaction before being administered. Triptolide (TPL) is a diterpene triepoxide purified from a Chinese herb-Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in vitro. In this study, we aimed to use TPL to prime umbilical cord-derived MSCs (TPL-primed UC-MSCs) to enter a stronger immunosuppressive status. UC-MSCs were primed with TPL, which was washed out thoroughly, and the TPL-primed UC-MSCs were resuspended in fresh medium. Although TPL inhibited the proliferation of UC-MSCs, 0.01 μM TPL for 24 h was tolerable. The surface markers of TPL-primed UC-MSCs were identical to those of non-primed UC-MSCs. TPL-primed UC-MSCs exhibited stronger anti-proliferative effect for activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay than the non-primed UC-MSCs. TPL-primed UC-MSCs promoted the expression of IDO-1 in the presence of IFN-γ, but TPL alone was not sufficient. Furthermore, TPL-primed UC-MSCs showed increased expression of PD-L1. Conclusively, upregulation of IDO-1 in the presence of IFN-γ and induction of PD-L1 enhances the immunosuppressive potency of TPL-primed UC-MSCs on the proliferation of activated T cells. Thus, TPL- primed MSCs may provide a novel immunosuppressive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping He
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Atsuko Takahashi
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Akiko Hori
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, School of Health Science, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
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100
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Liu DD, Luo P, Gu L, Zhang Q, Gao P, Zhu Y, Chen X, Guo Q, Zhang J, Ma N, Wang J. Celastrol exerts a neuroprotective effect by directly binding to HMGB1 protein in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:174. [PMID: 34372857 PMCID: PMC8353826 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol (cel) was one of the earliest isolated and identified chemical constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Based on a cel probe (cel-p) that maintained the bioactivity of the parent compound, the targets of cel in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury were comprehensively analyzed by a quantitative chemical proteomics method. METHODS We constructed an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in primary rat cortical neurons and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in adult rats to detect the direct binding targets of cel in cerebral I/R. By combining various experimental methods, including tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, mass spectrometry, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we revealed the targets to which cel directly bound to exert neuroprotective effects. RESULTS We found that cel inhibited the proinflammatory activity of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) by directly binding to it and then blocking the binding of HMGB1 to its inflammatory receptors in the microenvironment of ischemia and hypoxia. In addition, cel rescued neurons from OGD injury in vitro and decreased cerebral infarction in vivo by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION Cel exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65 and directly binding to HMGB1 in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liwei Gu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou , 510632, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China. .,Department of Urology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 518020, Shenzhen, China.
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