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Matanes F, Twal WO, Hammad SM. Sphingolipids as Biomarkers of Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1159:109-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21162-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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52
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Barreira E, Novo A, Vaz JA, Pereira AMG. Dietary program and physical activity impact on biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Aten Primaria 2018; 50:590-610. [PMID: 29061310 PMCID: PMC6836882 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of independently or combined dietary and physical activity programs on the blood glucose values and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes, including participants aged 60 years and over. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCE PubMed/Medline database, with language restrictions. Papers published between 2010 and 2016 were included. STUDY SELECTION A total of 30 randomised controlled trials were included that focused on physical activity and dietary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and include participants aged 60 years and over. RESULTS The selected articles have shown that the implementation of physical activity programs (aerobic, resistance, flexibility and combined exercises), and programs based on a higher intake of vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as consumption of foods with low glycaemic index, calorie restriction, intake of probiotics, vitamin D supplementation and educational sessions about diabetes improves blood glucose levels, as well as the lipid profile, in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and dietary programs are fundamental in the treatment and metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Barreira
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - André Novo
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal; CINTESIS-Research Center on Health Technologies and Services, Porto, Portugal
| | - Josiana A Vaz
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal; CIMO-Mountain Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana M G Pereira
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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53
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Rico JE, Giesy SL, Haughey NJ, Boisclair YR, McFadden JW. Intravenous Triacylglycerol Infusion Promotes Ceramide Accumulation and Hepatic Steatosis in Dairy Cows. J Nutr 2018; 148:1529-1535. [PMID: 30281114 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) impair insulin sensitivity in dairy cows via unknown mechanisms. In nonruminants, saturated FFAs upregulate the hepatic synthesis and secretion of ceramide, which inhibits insulin action. Objective We aimed to determine whether an increase in plasma FFAs promotes hepatic and plasma ceramide accumulation in dairy cows. Methods Six nonpregnant, nonlactating Holstein cows were used in a study with a crossover design and treatments consisting of intravenous infusion of either saline (control) or triacylglycerol emulsion (TG; 20 g/h) for 16 h. The feeding level was set at 120% of energy requirements. Blood was collected at regular intervals and liver was biopsied at 16 h. Ceramides, monohexosylceramides (Glc/Gal-Cer), lactosylceramides (LacCer), and sphingomyelins (SMs) in plasma and liver were profiled. Hepatic expression of ceramide synthases was determined. Data were analyzed with the use of mixed models, regressions, and Spearman rank correlations. Results After 16 h of infusion, plasma FFA concentrations were >5-fold and liver triacylglycerol concentrations were 4-fold greater in TG cows, relative to control. Plasma total and very long-chain ceramide (e.g., C24:0-ceramide) concentrations increased ∼4-fold in TG over control by hour 16 of infusion, while C16:0-ceramide were not modified by TG. Infusion of TG increased plasma Glc/Gal-Cer (e.g., C16:0-Glc/Gal-Cer, 4-fold by hour 16) relative to control, but did not alter LacCer or SM concentrations. Hepatic ceramide concentrations increased with TG relative to control (e.g., C24:0-ceramide by 1.7-fold). Hepatic expression of ceramide synthase 2 was 60% greater after TG infusion compared with the control. Circulating ceramides were related to circulating FFA and hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations (e.g., C24:0-ceramide, ρ = 0.73 and 0.80, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion Hepatic ceramide synthesis is associated with elevations in circulating FFAs and hepatic triacylglycerol during the induction of hyperlipidemia in dairy cows. This work supports the emerging evidence for the role of ceramide during hepatic steatosis and insulin antagonism in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eduardo Rico
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Sarah L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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54
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Mey JT, Haus JM. Dicarbonyl Stress and Glyoxalase-1 in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:117. [PMID: 30250846 PMCID: PMC6139330 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic protein which plays a role in the natural maintenance of cellular health and is abundantly expressed in human skeletal muscle. A consequence of reduced GLO1 protein expression is cellular dicarbonyl stress, which is elevated in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Both in vitro and pre-clinical models suggest dicarbonyl stress per se induces insulin resistance and is prevented by GLO1 overexpression, implicating a potential role for GLO1 therapy in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recent work has identified the therapeutic potential of novel natural agents as a GLO1 inducer, which resulted in improved whole-body metabolism in obese adults. Given skeletal muscle is a major contributor to whole-body glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, such GLO1 inducers may act, in part, through mechanisms in skeletal muscle. Currently, investigations examining the specificity of dicarbonyl stress and GLO1 biology in human skeletal muscle are lacking. Recent work from our lab indicates that dysregulation of GLO1 in skeletal muscle may underlie human insulin resistance and that exercise training may impart therapeutic benefits. This minireview will summarize the existing human literature examining skeletal muscle GLO1 and highlight the emerging therapeutic concepts for GLO1 gain-of-function in conditions such as insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Mey
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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55
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Chen Y, Berejnaia O, Liu J, Wang SP, Daurio NA, Yin W, Mayoral R, Petrov A, Kasumov T, Zhang GF, Previs SF, Kelley DE, McLaren DG. Quantifying ceramide kinetics in vivo using stable isotope tracers and LC-MS/MS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E416-E424. [PMID: 29509438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00457.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated dyslipidemia as a key factor in mediating insulin resistance. Ceramides have received special attention since their levels are inversely associated with normal insulin signaling and positively associated with factors that are involved in cardiometabolic disease. Despite the growing literature surrounding ceramide biology, there are limited data regarding the activity of ceramide synthesis and turnover in vivo. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to measure ceramide kinetics by coupling the administration of [2H]water with LC-MS/MS analyses. As a "proof-of-concept" we determined the effect of a diet-induced alteration on ceramide flux; studies also examined the effect of myriocin (a known inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step in sphingosine biosynthesis). Our data suggest that one can estimate ceramide synthesis and draw conclusions regarding the source of fatty acids; we discuss caveats in regards to method development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - Jinqi Liu
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Wu Yin
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and Department of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT
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57
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Saleem M, Herrmann N, Dinoff A, Mielke MM, Oh PI, Shammi P, Cao X, Venkata SLV, Haughey NJ, Lanctôt KL. A Lipidomics Approach to Assess the Association Between Plasma Sphingolipids and Verbal Memory Performance in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undertaking Cardiac Rehabilitation: A C18:0 Signature for Cognitive Response to Exercise. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:829-841. [PMID: 28598843 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early subtle deficits in verbal memory, which may indicate early neural risk, are common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). While exercise can improve cognition, cognitive response to exercise is heterogeneous. Sphingolipids have been associated with the development and progression of CAD, and impairments in sphingolipid metabolism may play roles in neurodegeneration and in the neural adaptation response to exercise. OBJECTIVE In this study, change in plasma concentrations of sphingolipids was assessed in relation to change in verbal memory performance and in other cognitive domains among CAD subjects undertaking a 6-month cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. METHODS Patients with CAD (n = 120, mean age = 64±6 y, 84% male, years of education = 16±3) underwent CR with neuropsychological assessments and blood collected at baseline, 3-, and 6-months. Z-scores based on age, gender, and education were combined for verbal memory, visuospatial memory, processing speed, executive function, and global cognition tasks to calculate cognitive domain Z-scores. Plasma sphingolipid concentrations were measured from fasting blood samples using high performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Mixed models were used to identify sphingolipids significantly associated with performance in verbal memory and other cognitive domains, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A decrease in ceramide C18:0 concentration was significantly associated with improvement in verbal memory performance (b[SE] = -0.51 [0.25], p = 0.04), visuospatial memory (b[SE] = -0.44 [0.22], p = 0.05), processing speed (b[SE] = -0.89 [0.32], p = 0.007), and global cognition (b[SE] = -1.47 [0.59], p = 0.01) over 6 months of CR. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ceramide C18:0 concentrations may be a sensitive marker of cognitive response to exercise in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwesh Saleem
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Dinoff
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Departments of Neurology and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul I Oh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prathiba Shammi
- Neuropsychology, Sunnybrook HealthSciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xingshan Cao
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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58
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Palmnäs MSA, Kopciuk KA, Shaykhutdinov RA, Robson PJ, Mignault D, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Vogel HJ, Csizmadi I. Serum Metabolomics of Activity Energy Expenditure and its Relation to Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3308. [PMID: 29459697 PMCID: PMC5818610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifiable lifestyle factors, including exercise and activity energy expenditure (AEE), may attenuate the unfavorable health effects of obesity, such as risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study we sought to investigate whether the metabolite profiles of MetS and adiposity assessed by body mass index (BMI) and central obesity are inversely correlated with AEE and physical activity. We studied 35 men and 47 women, aged 30-60 years, using doubly labeled water to derive AEE and the Sedentary Time and Activity Reporting Questionnaire (STAR-Q) to determine the time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used for serum metabolomics analysis. Serine and glycine were found in lower concentrations in participants with more MetS risk factors and greater adiposity. However, serine and glycine concentrations were higher with increasing activity measures. Metabolic pathway analysis and recent literature suggests that the lower serine and glycine concentrations in the overweight/obese state could be a consequence of serine entering de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Taken together, higher levels of AEE and physical activity may play a crucial part in improving metabolic health in men and women with and without MetS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S A Palmnäs
- University of Calgary, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
- University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- University of Calgary, Department of Oncology, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
- University of Calgary, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Paula J Robson
- C-MORE, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, T5J 3H1, Canada
| | - Diane Mignault
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Département de Nutrition, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Département de Nutrition, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- University of Calgary, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ilona Csizmadi
- University of Calgary, Department of Oncology, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- University of Calgary, Community Health Sciences, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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59
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Takamine Y, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Tsuzuki T, Yoshihara T, Naito H. Effects of voluntary running exercise on bone histology in type 2 diabetic rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193068. [PMID: 29447298 PMCID: PMC5814042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity in children and adolescents, which may lead to type 2 diabetes, is increasing. Exercise is recommended to prevent and improve diabetes. However, little is known about the bone marrow environment at the onset of diabetes in the young, and it is unclear whether exercise training is useful for maintaining bone homeostasis, such as mechanical and histological properties. Thus, this study clarified the histological properties of bone and whether exercise contributes to maintaining bone homeostasis at the onset of type 2 diabetes in rats. Four-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 21) rats as a diabetic model and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 18) rats as a control were assigned randomly to four groups: the OLETF sedentary group (O-Sed; n = 11), OLETF exercise group (O-Ex; n = 10), LETO sedentary group (L-Sed; n = 9), and LETO exercise group (L-Ex; n = 9). All rats in the exercise group were allowed free access to a steel running wheel for 20 weeks (5-25 weeks of age). In the glucose tolerance test, blood glucose level was higher in the O-Sed group than that in the L-Sed and L-Ex groups, and was markedly suppressed by the voluntary running exercise of O-Ex rats. The energy to fracture and the two-dimensional bone volume at 25 weeks of age did not differ significantly among the groups, though the maximum breaking force and stiffness were lower in OLETF rats. However, bone marrow fat volume was greater in O-Sed than that in L-Sed and L-Ex rats, and was markedly suppressed by wheel running in the O-Ex rats. Our results indicate that exercise has beneficial effects not only for preventing diabetes but also on normal bone remodeling at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Takamine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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60
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Lim WK, Davila S, Teo JX, Yang C, Pua CJ, Blöcker C, Lim JQ, Ching J, Yap JJL, Tan SY, Sahlén A, Chin CWL, Teh BT, Rozen SG, Cook SA, Yeo KK, Tan P. Beyond fitness tracking: The use of consumer-grade wearable data from normal volunteers in cardiovascular and lipidomics research. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004285. [PMID: 29485983 PMCID: PMC5828350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of consumer-grade wearables for purposes beyond fitness tracking has not been comprehensively explored. We generated and analyzed multidimensional data from 233 normal volunteers, integrating wearable data, lifestyle questionnaires, cardiac imaging, sphingolipid profiling, and multiple clinical-grade cardiovascular and metabolic disease markers. We show that subjects can be stratified into distinct clusters based on daily activity patterns and that these clusters are marked by distinct demographic and behavioral patterns. While resting heart rates (RHRs) performed better than step counts in being associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease markers, step counts identified relationships between physical activity and cardiac remodeling, suggesting that wearable data may play a role in reducing overdiagnosis of cardiac hypertrophy or dilatation in active individuals. Wearable-derived activity levels can be used to identify known and novel activity-modulated sphingolipids that are in turn associated with insulin sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate the potential for wearables in biomedical research and personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sonia Davila
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jing Xian Teo
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
| | - Chengxi Yang
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Jian Pua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Swee Yaw Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anders Sahlén
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bin Tean Teh
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven G. Rozen
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Stuart Alexander Cook
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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61
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Rico J, Zang Y, Haughey N, Rius A, McFadden J. Short communication: Circulating fatty acylcarnitines are elevated in overweight periparturient dairy cows in association with sphingolipid biomarkers of insulin resistance. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:812-819. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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62
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Stöckli J, Fisher-Wellman KH, Chaudhuri R, Zeng XY, Fazakerley DJ, Meoli CC, Thomas KC, Hoffman NJ, Mangiafico SP, Xirouchaki CE, Yang CH, Ilkayeva O, Wong K, Cooney GJ, Andrikopoulos S, Muoio DM, James DE. Metabolomic analysis of insulin resistance across different mouse strains and diets. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19135-19145. [PMID: 28982973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for many diseases. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear in part because it is triggered by a complex relationship between multiple factors, including genes and the environment. Here, we used metabolomics combined with computational methods to identify factors that classified insulin resistance across individual mice derived from three different mouse strains fed two different diets. Three inbred ILSXISS strains were fed high-fat or chow diets and subjected to metabolic phenotyping and metabolomics analysis of skeletal muscle. There was significant metabolic heterogeneity between strains, diets, and individual animals. Distinct metabolites were changed with insulin resistance, diet, and between strains. Computational analysis revealed 113 metabolites that were correlated with metabolic phenotypes. Using these 113 metabolites, combined with machine learning to segregate mice based on insulin sensitivity, we identified C22:1-CoA, C2-carnitine, and C16-ceramide as the best classifiers. Strikingly, when these three metabolites were combined into one signature, they classified mice based on insulin sensitivity more accurately than each metabolite on its own or other published metabolic signatures. Furthermore, C22:1-CoA was 2.3-fold higher in insulin-resistant mice and correlated significantly with insulin resistance. We have identified a metabolomic signature composed of three functionally unrelated metabolites that accurately predicts whole-body insulin sensitivity across three mouse strains. These data indicate the power of simultaneous analysis of individual, genetic, and environmental variance in mice for identifying novel factors that accurately predict metabolic phenotypes like whole-body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Stöckli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia.,the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Rima Chaudhuri
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yi Zeng
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Kristen C Thomas
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Chieh-Hsin Yang
- the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia, and
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Kari Wong
- the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- the Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Deborah M Muoio
- the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - David E James
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia, .,the Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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63
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Miele EM, Headley SAE. The Effects of Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:97. [PMID: 28900818 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aerobic exercise training is a component of diabetes mellitus (DM) care guidelines due to its favorable effects on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The purpose of this review is to outline the recent evidence regarding the clinical effects of chronic aerobic exercise on CVD risk factors in persons with DM and to compare the effects of varying intensities and types of exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Among individuals with DM, all types of aerobic exercise training can impact positively on some traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD. Training programs with a higher volume or intensity induce greater improvements in vascular function, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and lipid profiles. The beneficial outcomes of aerobic training include improvements in glycemic control, endothelial function, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, myocardial function, adiposity, and CRF. Findings regarding markers of inflammation are discrepant and further research should focus on the role of exercise to impact upon the chronic inflammation associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Miele
- Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, 263 Alden St, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA
| | - Samuel A E Headley
- Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, 263 Alden St, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA.
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Williams B, Correnti J, Oranu A, Lin A, Scott V, Annoh M, Beck J, Furth E, Mitchell V, Senkal CE, Obeid L, Carr RM. A novel role for ceramide synthase 6 in mouse and human alcoholic steatosis. FASEB J 2017; 32:130-142. [PMID: 28864659 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601142r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a lipid-droplet protein that is up-regulated in alcoholic steatosis and associated with hepatic accumulation of ceramides, bioactive lipids implicated in alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis. The specific role of ceramide synthetic enzymes in the regulation of PLIN2 and promotion of hepatocellular lipid accumulation is not well understood. We examined the effects of pharmacologic ceramide synthesis inhibition on hepatic PLIN2 expression, steatosis, and glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice with alcoholic steatosis and in ethanol-incubated human hepatoma VL17A cells. In cells, pharmacologic inhibition of ceramide synthase reduced lipid accumulation by reducing PLIN2 RNA stability. The subtype ceramide synthase (CerS)6 was specifically up-regulated in experimental alcoholic steatosis in vivo and in vitro and was up-regulated in zone 3 hepatocytes in human alcoholic steatosis. In vivo ceramide reduction by inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis reduced PLIN2 and hepatic steatosis in alcohol-fed mice, but only de novo synthesis inhibition, not sphingomyelin hydrolysis, improved glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. These findings implicate CerS6 as a novel regulator of PLIN2 and suggest that ceramide synthetic enzymes may promote the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic steatosis.-Williams, B., Correnti, J., Oranu, A., Lin, A., Scott, V., Annoh, M., Beck, J., Furth, E., Mitchell, V., Senkal, C. E., Obeid, L., Carr, R. M. A novel role for ceramide synthase 6 in mouse and human alcoholic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Correnti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanke Oranu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annie Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria Scott
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maxine Annoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Beck
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma Furth
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Can E Senkal
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and
| | - Lina Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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Mice endometrium receptivity in early pregnancy is impaired by maternal hyperinsulinemia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2503-2510. [PMID: 28447735 PMCID: PMC5428841 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the lower embryo implantation rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes, and specifically the association between the abnormal oocyte and embryo and hyperinsulinemia. The importance of hyperinsulinemia on maternal endometrium receptivity remains to be elucidated. The present study used a hyperinsulinemic mouse model to determine whether hyperinsulinemia may affect endometrial receptivity. An insulin intervention mouse model was first established. The serum levels of insulin, progesterone and estradiol were subsequently detected by ELISA assay analysis. The number of implantation sites was recorded using Trypan blue dye and the morphology of mice uteri was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of molecular markers associated with endometrial receptivity were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses. Finally, the importance of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression following insulin treatment was determined. Mice treated with insulin developed insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The number of implantation sites following insulin treatment did not differ between the control and insulin‑treated groups. Additionally, no significant morphological alterations in mice uteri between control and insulin‑treated groups were observed. However, the expression levels of estrogen receptor (Esr) 1, Esr2, progesterone receptor and homeobox A10 associated with endometrial receptivity, were imbalanced during endometrium receptivity when maternal hyperinsulinemia was induced. Western blot analysis revealed that expression levels of endometrial phosphorylated (p)‑mTOR and p‑ribosomal protein S6 kinase β‑1 were significantly greater in the insulin‑treated group. These results demonstrated that although an embryo may implant into endometrium, mice endometrium receptivity in early pregnancy may be impaired by maternal hyperinsulinemia. In addition, mTOR signaling may be involved in this process. The present study provides preliminary results demonstrating that female reproduction may be compromised during hyperinsulinemia, which requires further investigation in future studies.
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66
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Bird SR, Hawley JA. Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 2:e000143. [PMID: 28879026 PMCID: PMC5569266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS This review presents established knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on whole-body insulin sensitivity (SI) and summarises the findings of recent (2013-2016) studies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Recent studies provide further evidence to support the notion that regular PA reduces the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and SI improves when individuals comply with exercise and/or PA guidelines. Many studies indicate a dose response, with higher energy expenditures and higher exercise intensities, including high intensity interval training (HIIT), producing greater benefits on whole-body SI, although these findings are not unanimous. Aerobic exercise interventions can improve SI without an associated increase in cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by maximal or peak oxygen consumption. Both aerobic and resistance exercise can induce improvements in glycaemic regulation, with some suggestions that exercise regimens including both may be more efficacious than either exercise mode alone. Some studies report exercise-induced benefits to SI that are independent of habitual diet and weight loss, while others indicate an association with fat reduction, hence the debate over the relative importance of PA and weight loss continues. During exercise, muscle contraction stimulated improvements in SI are associated with increases in AMPK activity, which deactivates TCB1D1, promoting GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane and thereby increasing glucose uptake. Postexercise, increases in Akt deactivate TCB1D4 and thereby increase GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. The reduction in intramuscular saturated fatty acids and concomitant reductions in ceramides, but not diacylglycerols, provide a potential link between intramuscular lipid content and SI. Increased skeletal muscle capillarisation provides another independent adaptation through which SI is improved, as does enhanced β cell activity. Recent studies are combining exercise interventions with dietary and feeding manipulations to investigate the potential for augmenting the exercise-induced improvements in SI and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Bird
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MaKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Mika A, Sledzinski T. Alterations of specific lipid groups in serum of obese humans: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:247-272. [PMID: 27899022 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributor to the dysfunction of liver, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine and reproductive system, as well as a component of metabolic syndrome. Although development of obesity-related disorders is associated with lipid abnormalities, most previous studies dealing with the problem in question were limited to routinely determined parameters, such as serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many authors postulated to extend the scope of analysed lipid compounds and to study obesity-related alterations in other, previously non-examined groups of lipids. Comprehensive quantitative, structural and functional analysis of specific lipid groups may result in identification of new obesity-related alterations. The review summarizes available evidence of obesity-related alterations in various groups of lipids and their impact on health status of obese subjects. Further, the role of diet and endogenous lipid synthesis in the development of serum lipid alterations is discussed, along with potential application of various lipid compounds as risk markers for obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Bertram S, Brixius K, Brinkmann C. Exercise for the diabetic brain: how physical training may help prevent dementia and Alzheimer's disease in T2DM patients. Endocrine 2016; 53:350-63. [PMID: 27160819 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing dementia/Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review, which is based on recent studies, presents a molecular framework that links the two diseases and explains how physical training could help counteract neurodegeneration in T2DM patients. Inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic changes in T2DM patients cause cerebrovascular complications and can lead to blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown. Peripherally increased pro-inflammatory molecules can then pass the BBB more easily and activate stress-activated pathways, thereby promoting key pathological features of dementia/AD such as brain insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of neurotoxic beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, leading to synaptic loss, neuronal dysfunction, and cell death. Ceramides can also pass the BBB, induce pro-inflammatory reactions, and disturb brain insulin signaling. In a vicious circle, oxidative stress and the pro-inflammatory environment intensify, leading to further cognitive decline. Low testosterone levels might be a common risk factor in T2DM and AD. Regular physical exercise reinforces antioxidative capacity, reduces oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory effects. It improves endothelial function and might increase brain capillarization. Physical training can further counteract dyslipidemia and reduce increased ceramide levels. It might also improve Aβ clearance by up-regulating Aβ transporters and, in some cases, increase basal testosterone levels. In addition, regular physical activity can induce neurogenesis. Physical training should therefore be emphasized as a part of prevention programs developed for diabetic patients to minimize the risk of the onset of neurodegenerative diseases among this specific patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bertram
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klara Brixius
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
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Kitessa SM, Abeywardena MY. Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle: The Chase for the Culprit Goes from Total Intramuscular Fat to Lipid Intermediates, and Finally to Species of Lipid Intermediates. Nutrients 2016; 8:E466. [PMID: 27483311 PMCID: PMC4997379 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body. It plays a particularly pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, as it can account for up to 40% of the body and for up to 80%-90% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Hence, insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle has been a focus of much research and review. The fact that skeletal muscle IR precedes β-cell dysfunction makes it an ideal target for countering the diabetes epidemic. It is generally accepted that the accumulation of lipids in the skeletal muscle, due to dietary lipid oversupply, is closely linked with IR. Our understanding of this link between intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and glycemic control has changed over the years. Initially, skeletal muscle IR was related to total IMCL. The inconsistencies in this explanation led to the discovery that particular lipid intermediates are more important than total IMCL. The two most commonly cited lipid intermediates for causing skeletal muscle IR are ceramides and diacylglycerol (DAG) in IMCL. Still, not all cases of IR and dysfunction in glycemic control have shown an increase in either or both of these lipids. In this review, we will summarise the latest research results that, using the lipidomics approach, have elucidated DAG and ceramide species that are involved in skeletal muscle IR in animal models and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soressa M Kitessa
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia.
- Division of Livestock and Farming Systems, South Australian Research and Development Institute, J S Davies Bldg, Roseworthy Campus, GPO Box 397, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia.
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Böhm A, Weigert C, Staiger H, Häring HU. Exercise and diabetes: relevance and causes for response variability. Endocrine 2016; 51:390-401. [PMID: 26643313 PMCID: PMC4762932 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exercise as a key prevention strategy for diabetes and obesity is commonly accepted and recommended throughout the world. Unfortunately, not all individuals profit to the same extent, some exhibit exercise resistance. This phenomenon of non-response to exercise is found for several endpoints, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Since these non-responders are of notable quantity, there is the need to understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify predictors of response. This displays the basis to develop personalized training intervention regimes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on response variability, with focus on human studies and improvement of glucose homeostasis as outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Song Y, Wan X, Gao L, Pan Y, Xie W, Wang H, Guo J. Activated PKR inhibits pancreatic β-cell proliferation through sumoylation-dependent stabilization of P53. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:341-9. [PMID: 26446704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is intimately involved in type 2 diabetes due to its role in insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and anti-proliferative effect on pancreatic β-cells. Activated PKR was found to inhibit β-cell proliferation, partially through accumulation of P53. However the molecular mechanisms underlying PKR-dependent upregulation of P53 remain unknown. The results of the present study showed that PKR can be specifically activated in PKR overexpressing β-cells by a low dosage of the previously synthesized compound 1H-benzimidazole1-ethanol,2,3-dihydro-2-imino-a-(phenoxymethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-,monohydrochloride (BEPP), and this led to upregulation of P53 through sumoylation-dependent stability. Activated PKR was found to interact with sumo-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, and P53 sumoylation relies on a PKR-Ubc9 protein-protein interaction. Additionally, a ceramide signal was needed for PKR activation to be triggered by glucolipotoxicity and TNFα stimulation, and stabilization of P53 required endogenous ceramide accumulation. Glucolipotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokines therefore promote the sumoylation-dependent stability of P53 via the ceramide/PKR/Ubc9 signalling pathway that is involved in pancreatic β-cell proliferation inhibition in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - XiaoMeng Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - LiLi Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - WeiPing Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
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Bergman BC, Brozinick JT, Strauss A, Bacon S, Kerege A, Bui HH, Sanders P, Siddall P, Kuo MS, Perreault L. Serum sphingolipids: relationships to insulin sensitivity and changes with exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E398-408. [PMID: 26126684 PMCID: PMC4537923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00134.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides and sphingolipids are a family of lipid molecules that circulate in serum and accumulate in skeletal muscle, promoting insulin resistance. Plasma ceramide and dihydroceramide are related to insulin resistance, yet less is known regarding other ceramide and sphingolipid species. Despite its association with insulin sensitivity, chronic endurance exercise training does not change plasma ceramide and sphingolipid content, with little known regarding a single bout of exercise. We measured basal relationships and the effect of acute exercise (1.5 h at 50% V̇o2 max) and recovery on serum ceramide and sphingolipid content in sedentary obese individuals, endurance-trained athletes, and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Basal serum C18:0, C20:0, and C24:1 ceramide and C18:0 and total dihydroceramide were significantly higher in T2D and, along with C16:0 ceramide and C18:0 sphingomyelin, correlated positively with insulin resistance. Acute exercise significantly increased serum ceramide, glucosylceramide, and GM3 gangliosides, which largely decreased to basal values in recovery. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingomyelin did not change during exercise but decreased below basal values in recovery. Serum C16:0 and C18:0 ceramide and C18:0 sphingomyelin, but not the total concentrations of either of them, were positively correlated with markers of muscle NF-κB activation, suggesting that specific species activate intracellular inflammation. Interestingly, a subset of sphingomyelin species, notably C14:0, C22:3, and C24:4 species, was positively associated with insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Together, these data show that unique ceramide and sphingolipid species associate with either protective or deleterious features for diabetes and could provide novel therapeutic targets for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Bergman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | - Allison Strauss
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Samantha Bacon
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Anna Kerege
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Leigh Perreault
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
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