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Voráčová M, Zore M, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Kiuru P. Harvesting phosphorus-containing moieties for their antibacterial effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117512. [PMID: 37939493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinically manifested resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has emerged as a global threat to society and there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antibacterial agents. Recently, the use of phosphorus in antibacterial agents has been explored in quite an unprecedent manner. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the use of phosphorus-containing moieties (phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphonopeptides, phosphates, phosphoramidates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, and phosphoniums) in compounds with antibacterial effect, including their use as β-lactamase inhibitors and antibacterial disinfectants. We show that phosphorus-containing moieties can serve as novel pharmacophores, bioisosteres, and prodrugs to modify pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. We further discuss the mechanisms of action, biological activities, clinical use and highlight possible future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Voráčová
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Zore
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Kiuru
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Worku S, Abebe T, Seyoum B, Alemu A, Shimelash Y, Yimer M, Abdissa A, Beyene GT, Swedberg G, Mihret A. Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients Diagnosed with Surgical Site Infection at Four Hospitals in Ethiopia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1681. [PMID: 38136715 PMCID: PMC10741212 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of severe surgical site infections (SSI). The molecular epidemiology of MRSA is poorly documented in Ethiopia. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of MRSA and associated factors among patients diagnosed with SSI. A multicenter study was conducted at four hospitals in Ethiopia. A wound culture was performed among 752 SSI patients. This study isolated S. aureus and identified MRSA using standard bacteriology, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and cefoxitin disk diffusion test. The genes mecA, femA, vanA, and vanB were detected through PCR tests. S. aureus was identified in 21.6% of participants, with 24.5% of these being methicillin-resistant Staphylococci and 0.6% showing vancomycin resistance. Using MALDI-TOF MS for the 40 methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, we confirmed that 31 (77.5%) were S. aureus, 6 (15%) were Mammaliicoccus sciuri, and the other 3 (2.5%) were Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The gene mecA was detected from 27.5% (11/40) of Staphylococci through PCR. Only 36.4% (4/11) were detected in S. aureus, and no vanA or vanB genes were identified. Out of 11 mecA-gene-positive Staphylococci, 8 (72.7%) were detected in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections were associated with the following risk factors: age ≥ 61 years, prolonged duration of hospital stay, and history of previous antibiotic use, p-values < 0.05. Hospitals should strengthen infection prevention and control strategies and start antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seble Worku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (T.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (T.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Berhanu Seyoum
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Ashenafi Alemu
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Yidenek Shimelash
- Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Debre Tabor P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia;
| | - Marechign Yimer
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Getachew Tesfaye Beyene
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Göte Swedberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 750 08 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (T.A.); (A.M.)
- Bacterial and Viral Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia; (B.S.); (A.A.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (G.T.B.)
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Nicolosi D, Petronio Petronio G, Russo S, Di Naro M, Cutuli MA, Russo C, Di Marco R. Innovative Phospholipid Carriers: A Viable Strategy to Counteract Antimicrobial Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15934. [PMID: 37958915 PMCID: PMC10648799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria strains, usually associated with poorer patient outcomes and higher costs. In order to preserve the usefulness of these life-saving drugs, it is crucial to use them appropriately, as also recommended by the WHO. Moreover, innovative, safe, and more effective approaches are being investigated, aiming to revise drug treatments to improve their pharmacokinetics and distribution and to reduce the onset of drug resistance. Globally, to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), guidelines and indications have been developed over time, aimed at narrowing the use and diminishing the environmental spread of these life-saving molecules by optimizing prescriptions, dosage, and times of use, as well as investing resources into obtaining innovative formulations with better pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic results. This has led to the development of new nano-formulations as drug delivery vehicles, characterized by unique structural properties, biocompatible natures, and targeted activities such as state-of-the-art phospholipid particles generally grouped as liposomes, virosomes, and functionalized exosomes, which represent an attractive and innovative delivery approach. Liposomes and virosomes are chemically synthesized carriers that utilize phospholipids whose nature is predetermined based on their use, with a long track record as drug delivery systems. Exosomes are vesicles naturally released by cells, which utilize the lipids present in their cellular membranes only, and therefore, are highly biocompatible, with investigations as a delivery system having a more recent origin. This review will summarize the state of the art on microvesicle research, liposomes, virosomes, and exosomes, as useful and effective tools to tackle the threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Nicolosi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Stefano Russo
- Division of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University (HBIGS), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Di Naro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Marco Alfio Cutuli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario in Ingegneria e Medicina (COIIM), Azienda Sanitaria Regionale del Molise ASReM, UOC Governance del Farmaco, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
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Makabenta JMV, Nabawy A, Chattopadhyay AN, Park J, Li CH, Goswami R, Luther DC, Huang R, Hassan MA, Rotello VM. Antimicrobial-loaded biodegradable nanoemulsions for efficient clearance of intracellular pathogens in bacterial peritonitis. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122344. [PMID: 37857021 PMCID: PMC10872928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogenic bacteria use immune cells as hosts for bacterial replication and reinfection, leading to challenging systemic infections including peritonitis. The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and the added barrier presented by host cell internalization limit the efficacy of standard antibiotic therapies for treating intracellular infections. We present a non-antibiotic strategy to treat intracellular infections. Antimicrobial phytochemicals were stabilized and delivered by polymer-stabilized biodegradable nanoemulsions (BNEs). BNEs were fabricated using different phytochemicals, with eugenol-loaded BNEs (E-BNEs) affording the best combination of antimicrobial efficacy, macrophage accumulation, and biocompatibility. The positively-charged polymer groups of the E-BNEs bind to the cell surface of macrophages, facilitating the entry of eugenol that then kills the intracellular bacteria without harming the host cells. Confocal imaging and flow cytometry confirmed that this entry occurred mainly via cholesterol-dependent membrane fusion. As eugenol co-localized and interacted with intracellular bacteria, antibacterial efficacy was maintained. E-BNEs reversed the immunosuppressive effects of MRSA on macrophages. Notably, E-BNEs did not elicit resistance selection after multiple exposures of MRSA to sub-therapeutic doses. The E-BNEs were highly effective against a murine model of MRSA-induced peritonitis with better bacterial clearance (99 % bacteria reduction) compared to clinically-employed treatment with vancomycin. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of E-BNEs in treating peritonitis and other refractory intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa Marie V Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - David C Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Muhammad Aamir Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Bettera L, Levante A, Bancalari E, Bottari B, Cirlini M, Neviani E, Gatti M. Lacticaseibacillus Strains Isolated from Raw Milk: Screening Strategy for Their Qualification as Adjunct Culture in Cheesemaking. Foods 2023; 12:3949. [PMID: 37959068 PMCID: PMC10648420 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecology fundamentals of raw milk and long-ripened cheeses consist of a complex interaction between starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) and non-starter LAB (NSLAB). Although NSLAB aromatic properties are paramount, other phenotypic traits need to be considered for their use as adjunct cultures, such as the capability to endure technological parameters encountered during cheesemaking. The present study focused on the isolation and characterization of NSLAB from spontaneously fermented raw cow's milk coming from 20 dairies that produce Grana Padano PDO cheese. From 122 isolates, the screening process selected the 10 most diverse strains belonging to Lacticaseibacillus spp. to be phenotypically characterized. The strains were tested for their growth performance in milk in combination with the application of technological stresses, for their ability to produce volatile compounds after their growth in milk, and for their ability to use different nutrient sources and resist chemicals. The complex characterization qualified the strains 5959_Lbparacasei and 5296_Lbparacasei as the best candidates to be used as adjunct strains in the production of raw milk and long-ripened cheeses, provided that antibiotic resistance is measured before their employment. Other strains with interesting aromatic capabilities but lower heat resistance were 5293_Lbparacasei, 5649_Lbparacasei and 5780_Lbparacasei, which could be candidates as adjunct strains for uncooked cheese production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Levante
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (E.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (E.N.); (M.G.)
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El-Razik KAA, Ibrahim ES, Arafa AA, Hedia RH, Younes AM, Hasanain MH. Molecular characterization of tetracycline and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from healthy dogs in Egypt: a public health threat. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:610. [PMID: 37828442 PMCID: PMC10568815 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are among the most common causative pathogens for nosocomial infections worldwide. Moreover, strains of VRE have been isolated from several domestic livestock in Egypt. METHODS This study examined if healthy dogs are a potential source of VRE infection by isolating and characterizing Enterococcus faecium strains from stool samples on a morphological basis and biochemical activities. Subsequently, it was confirmed by genotypic characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by the detection of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence determinants, and genes contributing to enterocin production by PCR. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships among vanB and tetL genes were analyzed. RESULTS All ten fecal samples were identified as E. faecium and confirmed by PCR. In addition, 90% of the isolates tested were positive for the virulence genes gelE and esp, and all the isolates tested were positive for the antibiotic resistance genes tetL and vanB. Only three of the five enterocin genes examined were detected. Ent As-48, bacteriocin 31, and Ent L50 were identified in 100%, 80%, and 60% of the samples, respectively. CONCLUSION Dogs should be regarded as a reservoir of E. faecium that carries vancomycin resistance and virulence determinants that may affect public health in Egypt, considering a "One Health" task force approach to restrict their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Amany A Arafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Riham H Hedia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelgayed M Younes
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Hasanain
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Wang J, Song Y, Huang Z, Lin W, Yu G, Xiong Y, Jiang G, Tan Y, Wang J, Liao X. Coupling a Virulence-Targeting Moiety with Ru-Based AMP Mimics Efficiently Improved Its Anti-Infective Potency and Therapeutic Index. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13304-13318. [PMID: 37704628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The surge of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus calls for novel drugs that attack new targets. Developing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or antivirulence agents (AvAs) is a promising strategy to tackle this challenge. However, AMPs, which kill bacteria by disrupting cell membranes, suffer from low stability and high synthesis cost, while AvAs, which inhibit toxin secretion, have relatively poor bactericidal activity. Here, to address their respective shortcomings, we combined these two different antibacterial activities on the same molecular scaffold and developed a Ru-based metalloantibiotic, termed Ru1. Notably, Ru1 exerted remarkable bactericidal activity (MICS = 460 nM) and attenuated bacterial virulence as well. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Ru1 had two independent targets: CcpA and bacterial membrane integrity. Based on its dual mechanism of action, Ru1 effectively overcame S. aureus resistance and showed high efficacy in a mouse infection model against S. aureus. This study provides a promising approach to confronting bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yun Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ziying Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guangying Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yanshi Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guijuan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yanhui Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiangwen Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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Yang D, Yu Z, Zheng M, Yang W, Liu Z, Zhou J, Huang L. Artificial intelligence-accelerated high-throughput screening of antibiotic combinations on a microfluidic combinatorial droplet system. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3961-3977. [PMID: 37605875 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms have been employed as an effective tool for drug screening and exhibit the advantages of lower reagent consumption, higher throughput and a higher degree of automation. Despite the great advancement, it remains challenging to screen complex antibiotic combinations in a simple, high-throughput and systematic manner. Meanwhile, the large amounts of datasets generated during the screening process generally outpace the abilities of the conventional manual or semi-automatic data analysis. To address these issues, we propose an artificial intelligence-accelerated high-throughput combinatorial drug evaluation system (AI-HTCDES), which not only allows high-throughput production of antibiotic combinations with varying concentrations, but can also automatically analyze the dynamic growth of bacteria under the action of different antibiotic combinations. Based on this system, several antibiotic combinations displaying an additive effect are discovered, and the dosage regimens of each component in the combinations are determined. This strategy not only provides useful guidance in the clinical use of antibiotic combination therapy and personalized medicine, but also offers a promising tool for the combinatorial screenings of other medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Ziming Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Mengxin Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhangcai Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Ansari M, Moradi S, Hosseinzadeh S, Shahlaei M. Computational assessment of lipid facilitated membrane permeation of vancomycin using force-probe molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37608542 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2248513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study the efficacy of different edible lipids for drug permeation enhancement of vancomycin through biological membrane was investigated using molecular dynamic simulation. In this regard, at first the ability of the lipids for complex formation with the drug was evaluated for number of most common edible lipids including tripalmitin (TPA), trimyristin (TMY), labrafil (LAB), glycerol monostearate (GMS), glycerol monooleate (GMO), Distearoylphosphorylethanolamine (DSPE), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol (CL), stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA). Then the complexes were pulled thorough a bilayer membrane while the changes in force were probed. The results showed that besides the SA, PA and OA the other examined lipids were able to perform a perfect molecular complex with the drug. Also the results of pulling simulation revealed that the least of force was needed for drug transmittance through the membrane when it was covered by LAB, TMY and DSPE. These results indicated that these lipids can be the excellent materials of choice as permeation enhancer for preparing a proper oral formulation of vancomycin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohabbat Ansari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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60
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Yuan J, Xie G, Li J, Xie Y, Yao Y, Zhang J, Hou Y, Chen H. Fluorimetric monitoring of vancomycin using an allosteric probe-initiated sensing platform. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341431. [PMID: 37290862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin is the first-line drug for infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The effective therapeutic concentration range of vancomycin is narrow, so it's essential to implement vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring. However, conventional detection methods have disadvantages of expensive equipment, complicated operation, or poor reproducibility. Herein, a fluorescent sensing platform initiated by an allosteric probe was constructed for simple and sensitive monitoring of vancomycin at a low cost. The key point of this platform is the well-designed allosteric probe, which comprises an aptamer and a trigger sequence. When vancomycin exists, the combination of vancomycin and the aptamer will lead to a conformational change of the allosteric probe, thus exposing the trigger sequence. The trigger can react with the molecular beacon (MB) to generate fluorescent signals. In addition, the allosteric probe combined with hybridization chain reaction (HCR) was applied to develop an amplified platform, the linear range is from 0.5 μg mL-1 to 50 μg mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.26 μg mL-1. Most importantly, this allosteric probe-initiated sensing platform shows good detection ability in human serum samples, and it also indicates great correlation and accuracy compared with HPLC. The present simple and sensitive allosteric probe-initiated platform has the potential to support the therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin, which is of great significance to promote the rational use of antibiotics in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Yuan
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yaxing Xie
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yuan Yao
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yulei Hou
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Paredes-Amaya CC, Ulloa MT, García-Angulo VA. Fierce poison to others: the phenomenon of bacterial dependence on antibiotics. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:67. [PMID: 37574554 PMCID: PMC10424368 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the development of resistance, the effects of antibiotics on bacteria and microbial communities are complex and far from exhaustively studied. In the context of the current global antimicrobial resistance crisis, understanding the adaptive and physiological responses of bacteria to antimicrobials is of paramount importance along with the development of new therapies. Bacterial dependence on antibiotics is a phenomenon in which antimicrobials instead of eliminating the pathogens actually provide a boost for their growth. This trait comprises an extreme example of the complexities of responses elicited by microorganisms to these drugs. This compelling evolutionary trait was readily described along with the first wave of antibiotics use and dependence to various antimicrobials has been reported. Nevertheless, current molecular characterizations have been focused on dependence on vancomycin, linezolid and colistin, three critically important antibiotics frequently used as last resource therapy for multi resistant pathogens. Outstanding advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis for the dependence to vancomycin, including specific mutations involved. Regarding linezolid and colistin, the general physiological components affected by the dependence, namely ribosomes and membrane function respectively, have been established. Nonetheless the implications of antibiotic dependence in clinically relevant features, such as virulence, epidemics, relationship with development of resistance, diagnostics and therapy effectiveness require clarification. This review presents a brief introduction of the phenomenon of bacterial dependence to antibiotics and a summary on early and current research concerning the basis for this trait. Furthermore, the available information on the effect of dependence in key clinical aspects is discussed. The studies performed so far underline the need to fully disclose the biological and clinical significance of this trait in pathogens to successfully assess its role in resistance and to design adjusted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Paredes-Amaya
- Microbiology Department, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Ulloa
- Microbiology and Micology Program, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Independencia, RM, Santiago, Chile
- Vertebral I+D+i - Corporation for Assistance for Burned Children (Coaniquem), Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Antonio García-Angulo
- Microbiology and Micology Program, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Independencia, RM, Santiago, Chile.
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62
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D'Angelo EM. Diversity of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes expressed in Class A biosolids and biosolids-amended soil as revealed by metatranscriptomic analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad097. [PMID: 37596067 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Class A biosolids is a treated sewage sludge, commonly applied to agricultural fields, home lawns/gardens, golf courses, forests, and remediation sites around the world. This practice is of public and agricultural concern due to the possibility that biosolids contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungal pathogens that could persist for extended periods in soil. This possibility was determined by metatranscriptomic analysis of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and plasmid conjugation genes, a Class A biosolids, organically managed soil, and biosolids-amended soil under realistic conditions. Biosolids harbored numerous transcriptionally active pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and conjugative genes that annotated mostly to Gram-positive pathogens of animal hosts. Biosolids amendment to soil significantly increased the expression of virulence genes by numerous pathogens and antibiotic-resistant genes that were strongly associated with biosolids. Biosolids amendment also significantly increased the expression of virulence genes by native soil fungal pathogens of plant hosts, which suggests higher risks of crop damage by soil fungal pathogens in biosolids-amended soil. Although results are likely to be different in other soils, biosolids, and microbial growth conditions, they provide a more holistic, accurate view of potential health risks associated with biosolids and biosolids-amended soils than has been achievable with more selective cultivation and PCR-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marie D'Angelo
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Kentucky, N-122 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
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63
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Paschoalini BR, Nuñez KVM, Maffei JT, Langoni H, Guimarães FF, Gebara C, Freitas NE, dos Santos MV, Fidelis CE, Kappes R, Gonçalves MC, Silva NCC. The Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Characteristics in Enterococcus Species Isolated from Bovine Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1243. [PMID: 37627663 PMCID: PMC10451337 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp., including E. faecalis and E. faecium, pose risks to dairy farms as opportunistic pathogens. The study evaluates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence characteristics of Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine milk. Bile esculin agar was used to assess 1471 milk samples, followed by colony identification, gram staining, catalase tests, and 45 °C incubation. PCR analysis targeted E. faecalis and E. faecium in characteristic Enterococcus spp. colonies, with MALDI-TOF used for negative samples. Multiple tests, including disk diffusion, chromogenic VRE agar for vancomycin resistance, Vancomycin Etest® for MIC determination, and PCR for virulence factors (cylA, esp, efaA, ace, asa1, gelE, and hyl genes), were performed. Out of 100 identified strains, E. durans (30.66%), E. faecium (26.28%), and E. faecalis (18.25%) were predominant. AMR in Enterococcus spp. varied, with the highest rates against rifampicin (27%), tetracycline (20%), and erythromycin (18%). Linezolid (5%), vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and teicoplanin (3% each) had lower prevalence. E. faecium and E. faecalis showed high AMR to rifampicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Thirty-two strains (18.98%) grew on VRE Chromoselect agar, while 4 (2 E. faecalis and 2 E. faecium) showed vancomycin resistance by MIC values. E. faecalis carried gelE (45.5%) and asa1 (36%), and E. gallinarum had 9.1% with the asa1 gene. Detecting resistant Enterococcus in bovine milk supports control strategies for enterococci on dairy farms, highlighting AMR concerns in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rizzo Paschoalini
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Karen Vanessa Munive Nuñez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Juliana Takahashi Maffei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Hélio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (H.L.); (F.F.G.)
| | - Felipe Freitas Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (H.L.); (F.F.G.)
| | - Clarice Gebara
- Food Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Road, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (C.G.); (N.E.F.)
| | - Natylane Eufransino Freitas
- Food Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Road, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (C.G.); (N.E.F.)
| | - Marcos Veiga dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.V.d.S.); (C.E.F.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fidelis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.V.d.S.); (C.E.F.)
| | - Roberto Kappes
- Center for Agroveterinary Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Mônica Correia Gonçalves
- Center for Agro-Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58840-000, PB, Brazil;
| | - Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (B.R.P.); (K.V.M.N.); (J.T.M.)
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Benson S, Kiang A, Lochenie C, Lal N, Mohanan SMPC, Williams GOS, Dhaliwal K, Mills B, Vendrell M. Environmentally sensitive photosensitizers enable targeted photodynamic ablation of Gram-positive antibiotic resistant bacteria. Theranostics 2023; 13:3814-3825. [PMID: 37441588 PMCID: PMC10334829 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain among the biggest challenges to human health, leading to high antibiotic usage, morbidity, hospitalizations, and accounting for approximately 8 million deaths worldwide every year. The overuse of antibiotics and paucity of antimicrobial innovation has led to antimicrobial resistant pathogens that threaten to reverse key advances of modern medicine. Photodynamic therapeutics can kill bacteria but there are few agents that can ablate pathogens with minimal off-target effects. Methods: We describe nitrobenzoselenadiazoles as some of the first environmentally sensitive organic photosensitizers, and their adaptation to produce theranostics with optical detection and light-controlled antimicrobial activity. We combined nitrobenzoselenadiazoles with bacteria-targeting moieties (i.e., glucose-6-phosphate, amoxicillin, vancomycin) producing environmentally sensitive photodynamic agents. Results: The labelled vancomycin conjugate was able to both visualize and eradicate multidrug resistant Gram-positive ESKAPE pathogens at nanomolar concentrations, including clinical isolates and those that form biofilms. Conclusion: Nitrobenzoselenadiazole conjugates are easily synthesized and display strong environment dependent ROS production. Due to their small size and non-invasive character, they unobtrusively label antimicrobial targeting moieties. We envisage that the simplicity and modularity of this chemical strategy will accelerate the rational design of new antimicrobial therapies for refractory bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alex Kiang
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Navita Lal
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Gareth O. S. Williams
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Bethany Mills
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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65
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Raileanu M, Borlan R, Campu A, Janosi L, Turcu I, Focsan M, Bacalum M. No country for old antibiotics! Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as next-generation treatment for skin and soft tissue infection. Int J Pharm 2023:123169. [PMID: 37356506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the unprecedented rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance together with the lack of adequate therapies have made the treatment of skin infections and chronic wounds challenging, urging the scientific community to focus on the development of new and more efficient treatment strategies. In this context, there is a growing interest in the use of natural molecules with antimicrobial features, capable of supporting wound healing i.e., antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. In this review, we give a short overview of the bacterial skin infections as well as some of the classic treatments used for topical application. We then summarize the AMPs classes, stressing the importance of the appropriate selection of the peptides based on their characteristics and physicochemical properties in order to maximize the antibacterial efficacy of the therapeutic systems against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Additionally, the present paper provides a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of the latest clinical trials investigating the efficacy of AMPs in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, highlighting the relevant outcomes. Seeking to obtain novel and improved compounds with synergistic activity, while also decreasing some of the known side effects of AMPs, we present two employed strategies using AMPs: (i) AMPs-conjugated nanosystems for systemic and topical drug delivery systems and (ii) antibiotics-peptide conjugates as a strategy to overcome antibiotics resistance. Finally, an important property of some of the AMPs used in wound treatment is highlighted: their ability to help in wound healing by generally promoting cell proliferation and migration, and in some cases re-epithelialization and angiogenesis among others. Thus, as the pursuit of improvement is an ongoing effort, this work presents the advances made in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections along with their advantages and limitations, while the still remaining challenges are addressed by providing future prospects and strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Raileanu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, Măgurele 077125, Romania
| | - Raluca Borlan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorant Janosi
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
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66
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Soares GG, Campanini EB, Ferreira RL, Damas MSF, Rodrigues SH, Campos LC, Galvão JD, Fuentes ASDC, Freire CCDM, Malavazi I, Pitondo-Silva A, da Cunha AF, Pranchevicius MCDS. Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov.: a New Multidrug-Resistant Species Isolated from a Patient in Brazil. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0441522. [PMID: 37067439 PMCID: PMC10269605 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04415-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase knowledge on Brevundimonas pathogens, we conducted in-depth genomic and phenotypic characterization of a Brevundimonas strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit. The strain was identified as a member of the genus Brevundimonas based on Vitek 2 system results and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and presented a multidrug resistance profile (MDR). Several molecular and biochemical tests were used to characterize and identify the species for in-depth results. The draft genome assembly of the isolate has a total length of 3,261,074 bp and a G+C of 66.86%, similar to other species of the genus. Multilocus sequence analysis, Type (Strain) Genome Server, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average nucleotide identity confirmed that the Brevundimonas sp. studied represents a distinct species, for which we propose the name Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov. In silico analysis detected antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs) mediating resistance to β-lactams (penP, blaTEM-16, and blaBKC-1) and aminoglycosides [strA, strB, aac(6')-Ib, and aac(6')-Il]. We also found AMRGs encoding the AcrAB efflux pump that confers resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Colistin and quinolone resistance can be attributed to mutation in qseC and/or phoP and GyrA/GyrB, respectively. The Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov. genome contained copies of type IV secretion system (T4SS)-type integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs); integrative mobilizable elements (IME); and Tn3-type and IS3, IS6, IS5, and IS1380 families, suggesting an important role in the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The isolate presented a range of virulence-associated genes related to biofilm formation, adhesion, and invasion that can be relevant for its pathogenicity. Our findings provide a wealth of data to hinder the transmission of MDR Brevundimonas and highlight the need for monitoring and identifying new bacterial species in hospital environments. IMPORTANCE Brevundimonas species is considered an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause multiple types of invasive and severe infections in patients with underlying pathologies. Treatment of these pathogens has become a major challenge because many isolates are resistant to most antibiotics used in clinical practice. Furthermore, there are no consistent therapeutic results demonstrating the efficacy of antibacterial agents. Although considered a rare pathogen, recent studies have provided evidence of the emergence of Brevundimonas in clinical settings. Hence, we identified a novel pathogenic bacterium, Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov., that presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) profile and carried diverse genes related to drug resistance, virulence, and mobile genetic elements. Such data can serve as a baseline for understanding the genomic diversity, adaptation, evolution, and pathogenicity of MDR Brevundimonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guerrera Soares
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emeline Boni Campanini
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roumayne Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Henrique Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Caio César de Melo Freire
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Pitondo-Silva
- Programas de Pós-graduação em Odontologia e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria-Cristina da Silva Pranchevicius
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Biodiversidade Tropical - BIOTROP, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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67
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Cheng LW, Byadgi OV, Tsai CE, Wang PC, Chen SC. Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, Bacillus shihchuchen, of the Bacillus cereus Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119636. [PMID: 37298593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese softshell turtle (CST; Pelodiscus sinensis) is a freshwater aquaculture species of substantial economic importance that is commercially farmed across Asia, particularly in Taiwan. Although diseases caused by the Bacillus cereus group (Bcg) pose a major threat to commercial CST farming systems, information regarding its pathogenicity and genome remains limited. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of Bcg strains isolated in a previous study and performed whole-genome sequencing. Pathogenicity analysis indicated that QF108-045 isolated from CSTs caused the highest mortality rate, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that it was an independent group distinct from other known Bcg genospecies. The average nucleotide identity compared to other known Bcg genospecies was below 95%, suggesting that QF108-045 belongs to a new genospecies, which we named Bacillus shihchuchen. Furthermore, genes annotation revealed the presence of anthrax toxins, such as edema factor and protective antigen, in QF108-045. Therefore, the biovar anthracis was assigned, and the full name of QF108-045 was Bacillus shihchuchen biovar anthracis. In addition to possessing multiple drug-resistant genes, QF108-045 demonstrated resistance to various types of antibiotics, including penicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin), cephalosporins (ceftifour, cephalexin, and cephazolin), and polypeptides, such as vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Omkar Vijay Byadgi
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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68
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Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek A, Baran J, Ciach T. Antimicrobial Peptides: Challenging Journey to the Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Cosmeceutical Use. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109031. [PMID: 37240379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defence peptides, are short proteins in various life forms. Here we discuss AMPs, which may become a promising substitute or adjuvant in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmeceutical uses. Their pharmacological potential has been investigated intensively, especially as antibacterial and antifungal drugs and as promising antiviral and anticancer agents. AMPs exhibit many properties, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetic industry. AMPs are being developed as novel antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and as potential treatments for various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and viral infections. In biomedicine, AMPs are being developed as wound-healing agents because they promote cell growth and tissue repair. The immunomodulatory effects of AMPs could be helpful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the cosmeceutical industry, AMPs are being investigated as potential ingredients in skincare products due to their antioxidant properties (anti-ageing effects) and antibacterial activity, which allows the killing of bacteria that contribute to acne and other skin conditions. The promising benefits of AMPs make them a thrilling area of research, and studies are underway to overcome obstacles and fully harness their therapeutic potential. This review presents the structure, mechanisms of action, possible applications, production methods, and market for AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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69
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Veriato TS, Fontoura I, Oliveira LD, Raniero LJ, Castilho ML. Nano-antibiotic based on silver nanoparticles functionalized to the vancomycin-cysteamine complex for treating Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00491-3. [PMID: 37171518 PMCID: PMC10176295 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial resistance is defined as a microorganism's capacity to develop mechanisms for resisting a determined antimicrobial. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), are internationally recognized among the isolates with this resistance profile. In this context, the demand for new medicines has risen, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been highlighted, especially for their anti-bacterial effects. To develop a nano-antibiotic for treating these Gram-positive strains, we herein report synthesizing and characterizing a nano-antibiotic based on AgNPs functionalized with the complex vancomycin-cysteamine. METHODS AgNPs were produced using the bottom-up methodology and functionalized with vancomycin modified by the carbodiimide chemistry, forming Ag@vancomycin. Susceptibility tests were performed using S. aureus and E. faecalis strains to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential of the developed nano-antibiotic. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements showed the efficacy of vancomycin chemical modification, and the characteristic bands of AgNPs functionalization with the antibiotic. The increase in the nano-antibiotic average hydrodynamic diameter observed by dynamic light scattering proved the presence of vancomycin at the surface of AgNPs. The data from the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration assays tested on standard and clinical planktonic strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis presented excellent performance. CONCLUSION The results indicate the promising development of a new nano-antibiotic in which the functionalization potentiates the bacteriostatic action of AgNPs and vancomycin with greater efficacy against Gram-positive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís S Veriato
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil
| | - Inglid Fontoura
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil
| | - Luciane D Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro J Raniero
- Nanosensors Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil
| | - Maiara L Castilho
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil.
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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71
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Darby EM, Trampari E, Siasat P, Gaya MS, Alav I, Webber MA, Blair JMA. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:280-295. [PMID: 36411397 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency, with resistance detected to all antibiotics currently in clinical use and only a few novel drugs in the pipeline. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to resist the action of antimicrobials is critical to recognize global patterns of resistance and to improve the use of current drugs, as well as for the design of new drugs less susceptible to resistance development and novel strategies to combat resistance. In this Review, we explore recent advances in understanding how resistance genes contribute to the biology of the host, new structural details of relevant molecular events underpinning resistance, the identification of new resistance gene families and the interactions between different resistance mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how we can use this information to develop the next generation of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Darby
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Pauline Siasat
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Ilyas Alav
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Bertašiūtė M, Kavaliauskas P, Vaickelionienė R, Grybaitė B, Petraitis V, Petraitienė R, Naing E, Garcia A, Šiugždaitė J, Lelešius R, Mickevičius V. Synthesis of 1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)- and (3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Promising Scaffolds for the Development of Novel Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097966. [PMID: 37175673 PMCID: PMC10178429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive pathogens and pathogenic fungi remains one of the major public healthcare threats. Therefore, novel antimicrobial candidates and scaffolds are critically needed to overcome resistance in Gram-positive pathogens and drug-resistant fungal pathogens. In this study, we explored 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid and its 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl analogue for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The compounds showed structure-dependent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogens (S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. difficile). Compounds 14 and 24b showed promising activity against vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains, and favorable cytotoxic profiles in HSAEC-1 cells, making them attractive scaffolds for further development. 5-Fluorobenzimidazole, having a 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl substituent, was found to be four-fold, and hydrazone, with a thien-2-yl fragment, was two-fold stronger than clindamycin against methicillin resistant S. aureus TCH 1516. Moreover, hydrazone, bearing a 5-nitrothien-2-yl moiety, showed promising activity against three tested multidrug-resistant C. auris isolates representing major genetic lineages (MIC 16 µg/mL) and azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains harboring TR34/L98H mutations in the CYP51A gene. The anticancer activity characterization demonstrated that the 5-fluorobenzimidazole derivative with a 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl substituent showed the highest anticancer activity in an A549 human pulmonary cancer cell culture model. Collectively these results demonstrate that 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives could be further explored for the development of novel candidates targeting Gram-positive pathogens and drug-resistant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bertašiūtė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, 59116 Prienai, Lithuania
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita Vaickelionienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, 59116 Prienai, Lithuania
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Petraitienė
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, 59116 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - Ethan Naing
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jūratė Šiugždaitė
- Department of Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raimundas Lelešius
- Department of Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Yao J, Zou P, Cui Y, Quan L, Gao C, Li Z, Gong W, Yang M. Recent Advances in Strategies to Combat Bacterial Drug Resistance: Antimicrobial Materials and Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041188. [PMID: 37111673 PMCID: PMC10141387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a common clinical disease. Antibiotics have saved countless lives since their discovery and are a powerful weapon in the fight against bacteria. However, with the widespread use of antibiotics, the problem of drug resistance now poses a great threat to human health. In recent years, studies have investigated approaches to combat bacterial resistance. Several antimicrobial materials and drug delivery systems have emerged as promising strategies. Nano-drug delivery systems for antibiotics can reduce the resistance to antibiotics and extend the lifespan of novel antibiotics, and they allow targeting drug delivery compared to conventional antibiotics. This review highlights the mechanistic insights of using different strategies to combat drug-resistant bacteria and summarizes the recent advancements in antimicrobial materials and drug delivery systems for different carriers. Furthermore, the fundamental properties of combating antimicrobial resistance are discussed, and the current challenges and future perspectives in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liangzhu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Ali Alghamdi B, Al-Johani I, Al-Shamrani JM, Musamed Alshamrani H, Al-Otaibi BG, Almazmomi K, Yusnoraini Yusof N. Antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103604. [PMID: 36936699 PMCID: PMC10018568 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the medical community, antibiotics are revered as a miracle because they stop diseases brought on by pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics have become the cornerstone of contemporary medical advancements ever since penicillin was discovered. Antibiotic resistance developed among germs quickly, placing a strain in the medical field. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Since 1961, has emerged as the major general antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) worldwide. MRSA can easily transmit across the hospital system and has mostly gained resistance to medications called beta-lactamases. This enzyme destroys the cell wall of beta-lactam antibiotics resulting in resistance against that respective antibiotic. Daptomycin, linezolid and vancomycin were previously used to treat MRSA infections. However, due to mutations and Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Open reading frames (ORFs) and SCCmec machinery of respective antibody, MRSA developed resistance against those antibiotics. The MRSA strains (USA300, CC398, CC130 etc.), when their pan-genomes were analyzed were found the genes involved in invoking resistance against the antibiotics as well as the epidemiology of that respective strain. PENC (penicillin plus potassium clavulanate) is the new antibiotic showing potential in treatment of MRSA though it is itself resistant against penicillin alone. In this review, our main focus is on mechanism of development of AMR in MRSA, how different ORFs are involved in evoking resistance in MRSA and what is the core-genome of different antimicrobial resistant MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intisar Al-Johani
- Department of Biotechnology, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hussein Musamed Alshamrani
- Directorate of Health Affairs in Qunfudah Center (Namerah Primary Health care) Pharmacy Department, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kholod Almazmomi
- Department of Biotechnology, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Corresponding author at.: Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
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75
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GÜMÜŞ H. Vankomisine Dirençli Enterococcus faecium: Kısa Bir Derleme. ARŞIV KAYNAK TARAMA DERGISI 2023. [DOI: 10.17827/aktd.1246260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimikrobiyal direnç (AMD) ile ilişkili morbidite ve mortalite küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Sağlık hizmeti ilişkili enfeksiyonlarda sık olarak görülen vankomisine dirençli Enterococcus faecium (VRE), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün AMD’i olan öncelikli patojenler listesinde yüksek öncelik verdiği bir Gram pozitif koktur. Son zamanlarda Türkiye’de invaziv enfeksiyonlarda VRE izolasyon oranı %15.8 bildirilmiştir. Vankomisine direncin ana mekanizması, hedef bölgedeki D-Alanil-D-Alanin terminal molekülünün değişmesi ve ilacın affinitesinin azalmasıdır. Vankomisin direncinden sorumlu olan van geni kromozomal olarak kodlanmakta veya plazmid, transpozon gibi mobil genetik elemanlar ile kazanılmaktadır. Yayılımındaki ana mekanizma, mobil genetik elemanların Enterokoklar veya Staphylococcus aereus gibi farklı tür bakteriler arasında transfer edilebilmeleridir. Bu derlemede PubMed ve Web of Science veritabanlarında “Vankomisin-dirençli Enterococcus faecium”, “Vankomisin direnç mekanizmaları”, “Gram pozitif koklarda vankomisin direnci” terimleri ile arama yapılarak elde edilen literatür verileri özetlenmiş ve önerilerle birlikte kısaca tartışılmıştır.
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76
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Haas W, Singh N, Lainhart W, Mingle L, Nazarian E, Mitchell K, Nattanmai G, Kohlerschmidt D, Dickinson MC, Kacica M, Dumas N, Musser KA. Genomic Analysis of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the 3rd Case Identified in the United States Reveals Chromosomal Integration of the vanA Locus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0431722. [PMID: 36975781 PMCID: PMC10100801 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04317-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a human pathogen of significant public health concern. Although the genome sequences of individual VRSA isolates have been published over the years, very little is known about the genetic changes of VRSA within a patient over time. A total of 11 VRSA, 3 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and 4 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, collected over a period of 4.5 months in 2004 from a patient in a long-term-care facility in New York State, were sequenced. A combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies was used to obtain closed assemblies for chromosomes and plasmids. Our results indicate that a VRSA isolate emerged as the result of the transfer of a multidrug resistance plasmid from a coinfecting VRE to an MRSA isolate. The plasmid then integrated into the chromosome via homologous recombination mediated between two regions derived from remnants of transposon Tn5405. Once integrated, the plasmid underwent further reorganization in one isolate, while two others lost the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) determinant that confers methicillin-resistance. The results presented here explain how a few recombination events can lead to multiple pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns that could be mistaken for vastly different strains. A vanA gene cluster that is located on a multidrug resistance plasmid that is integrated into the chromosome could result in the continuous propagation of resistance, even in the absence of selective pressure from antibiotics. The genome comparison presented here sheds light on the emergence and evolution of VRSA within a single patient that will enhance our understanding VRSA genetics. IMPORTANCE High-level vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) began to emerge in the United States in 2002 and has since then been reported worldwide. Our study reports the closed genome sequences of multiple VRSA isolates obtained in 2004 from a single patient in New York State. Our results show that the vanA resistance locus is located on a mosaic plasmid that confers resistance to multiple antibiotics. In some isolates, this plasmid integrated into the chromosome via homologous recombination between two ant(6)-sat4-aph(3') antibiotic resistance loci. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a chromosomal vanA locus in VRSA; the effect of this integration event on MIC values and plasmid stability in the absence of antibiotic selection remains poorly understood. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the genetics of the vanA locus and plasmid maintenance in S. aureus to address the increase of vancomycin resistance in the health care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Haas
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Navjot Singh
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - William Lainhart
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Mingle
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nazarian
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kara Mitchell
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Geetha Nattanmai
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Donna Kohlerschmidt
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Kacica
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Nellie Dumas
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kimberlee A. Musser
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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77
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Cho H. Assembly of Bacterial Surface Glycopolymers as an Antibiotic Target. J Microbiol 2023; 61:359-367. [PMID: 36951963 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cells are covered with various glycopolymers such as peptidoglycan (PG), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), teichoic acids, and capsules. Among these glycopolymers, PG assembly is the target of some of our most effective antibiotics, consistent with its essentiality and uniqueness to bacterial cells. Biosynthesis of other surface glycopolymers have also been acknowledged as potential targets for developing therapies to control bacterial infections, because of their importance for bacterial survival in the host environment. Moreover, biosynthesis of most surface glycopolymers are closely related to PG assembly because the same lipid carrier is shared for glycopolymer syntheses. In this review, I provide an overview of PG assembly and antibiotics that target this pathway. Then, I discuss the implications of a common lipid carrier being used for assembly of PG and other surface glycopolymers in antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbaek Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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78
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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and the emergence of new Sequence Types associated with Hospital Infection. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104046. [PMID: 36858192 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a major cause of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) infection. New variants of the pathogen have emerged and become dominant in healthcare settings. Two such examples, vanB ST796 and vanA ST1421 sequence types, originally arose in Australia and proceeded to cause VRE outbreaks in other countries. Of concern is the detection of a vancomycin variable enterococcal (VVE) variant of ST1421 in Europe that exhibits a vancomycin-susceptible phenotype but which can revert to resistant in the presence of vancomycin. The recent application of genome sequencing for increasing our understanding of the evolution and spread of VRE is also explored here.
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Occult Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium ST117 Displaying a Highly Mutated vanB2 Operon. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030476. [PMID: 36978343 PMCID: PMC10044008 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare information is available on clinical Enterococcus faecium encountered in Sardinia, Italy. This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and genotypic characteristics of E. faecium isolated at the University Hospital of Sassari, Italy, using the Vitek2 system and PCR, MLST, or WGS. Vitek2 revealed two VanB-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolates (MICs mg/L = 8 and ≥32) but failed to detect vancomycin resistance in one isolate (MIC mg/L ≤ 1) despite positive genotypic confirmation of vanB gene, which proved to be vancomycin resistant by additional phenotypic methods (MICs mg/L = 8). This vanB isolate was able to increase its vancomycin MIC after exposure to vancomycin, unlike the “classic” occult vanB-carrying E. faecium, becoming detectable by Vitek 2 (MICs mg/L ≥ 32). All three E. faecium had highly mutated vanB2 operons, as part of a chromosomally integrated Tn1549 transposon, with common missense mutations in VanH and VanB2 resistance proteins and specific missense mutations in the VanW accessory protein. There were additional missense mutations in VanS, VanH, and VanB proteins in the vanB2-carrying VREfm isolates compared to Vitek2. The molecular typing revealed a polyclonal hospital-associated E. faecium population from Clade A1, and that vanB2-VREfm, and nearly half of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEfm) analyzed, belonged to ST117. Based on core genome-MLST, ST117 strains had different clonal types (CT), excluding nosocomial transmission of specific CT. Detecting vanB2-carrying VREfm isolates by Vitek2 may be problematic, and alternative methods are needed to prevent therapeutic failure and spread.
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80
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da Silva RA, Wong JJ, Antypas H, Choo PY, Goh K, Jolly S, Liang C, Tay Kwan Sing L, Veleba M, Hu G, Chen J, Kline KA. Mitoxantrone targets both host and bacteria to overcome vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9280. [PMID: 36812322 PMCID: PMC9946351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance critically limits treatment options for infection caused by opportunistic pathogens such as enterococci. Here, we investigate the antibiotic and immunological activity of the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTX) in vitro and in vivo against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). We show that, in vitro, MTX is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria through induction of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. MTX also synergizes with vancomycin against VRE, rendering the resistant strains more permeable to MTX. In a murine wound infection model, single-dose MTX treatment effectively reduces VRE numbers, with further reduction when combined with vancomycin. Multiple MTX treatments accelerate wound closure. MTX also promotes macrophage recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine induction at the wound site and augments intracellular bacterial killing in macrophages by up-regulating the expression of lysosomal enzymes. These results show that MTX represents a promising bacterium- and host-targeted therapeutic for overcoming vancomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni A. G. da Silva
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haris Antypas
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Choo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karlyn Goh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shreya Jolly
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cui Liang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leona Tay Kwan Sing
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Veleba
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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81
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Ye J, Hou F, Chen G, Zhong T, Xue J, Yu F, Lai Y, Yang Y, Liu D, Tian Y, Huang J. Novel copper-containing ferrite nanoparticles exert lethality to MRSA by disrupting MRSA cell membrane permeability, depleting intracellular iron ions, and upregulating ROS levels. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1023036. [PMID: 36846790 PMCID: PMC9947852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1023036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The widespread use of antibiotics has inevitably led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), making treatment of this infection a serious challenge. This study aimed to explore new treatment strategies for MRSA infection. Methods The structure of Fe3O4 NPs with limited antibacterial activity was optimized, and the Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ electronic coupling was eliminated by replacing 1/2 Fe2+ with Cu2+. A new type of copper-containing ferrite nanoparticles (hereinafter referred to as Cu@Fe NPs) that fully retained oxidation-reduction activity was synthesized. First, the ultrastructure of Cu@Fe NPs was examined. Then, antibacterial activity was determined by testing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and safety for use as an antibiotic agent. Next, the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial effects of Cu@Fe NPs were investigated. Finally, mice models of systemic and localized MRSA infections was established for in vivo validation. Results It was found that Cu@Fe NPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC of 1 μg/mL. It effectively inhibited the development of MRSA resistance and disrupted the bacterial biofilms. More importantly, the cell membranes of MRSA exposed to Cu@Fe NPs underwent significant rupture and leakage of the cell contents. Cu@Fe NPs also significantly reduced the iron ions required for bacterial growth and contributed to excessive intracellular accumulation of exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, these findings may important for its antibacterial effect. Furthermore, Cu@Fe NPs treatment led to a significant reduction in colony forming units within intra-abdominal organs, such as the liver, spleen, kidney, and lung, in mice with systemic MRSA infection, but not for damaged skin in those with localized MRSA infection. Conclusion The synthesized nanoparticles has an excellent drug safety profile, confers high resistant to MRSA, and can effectively inhibit the progression of drug resistance. It also has the potential to exert anti-MRSA infection effects systemically in vivo. In addition, our study revealed a unique multifaceted antibacterial mode of Cu@Fe NPs: (1) an increase in cell membrane permeability, (2) depletion of Fe ions in cells, (3) generation of ROS in cells. Overall, Cu@Fe NPs may be potential therapeutic agents for MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ye
- Analytical Laboratory of Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangpeng Hou
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junxia Xue
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lai
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dedong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuantong Tian
- Pharmacology Department, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Yuantong Tian, ✉
| | - Junyun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Junyun Huang, ✉
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82
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Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and In Vitro Effect of Antibiotic Combinations of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus Species Recovered from the Aquatic Environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032993. [PMID: 36769316 PMCID: PMC9917988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are regarded as a better indication of faecal pollution in freshwater and marine waters. Their levels in seawater are positively connected with swimming-related gastrointestinal disorders. This study used an Enterococcus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to characterize the isolates. Classes 1 and 2 integrons were examined for environmental Enterococcus isolates using a standard biological procedure. All strains were assessed against a panel of 12 antibiotics from various classes using disc diffusion methods. The microdilution method was used to work out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the CLSI guiding principles. The combination therapy of the resistant drugs was evaluated using a checkerboard assay and a time-dependent test for assessing their bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. The gene diversity of the tested organisms was analyzed with the aid of Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. In total, 57 Enterococcus spp. environmental samples were recovered, in which Enterococcus faecalis (33.33%) and Enterococcus faecium (59.65%) were the dominant species. Resistance to linezolid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline was prevalent. Fifty (50) strains tested positive for class 1 integron, more frequent in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates, with no gene cassette array discovered. A combination of gentamicin (MIC 4 µg/mL) with vancomycin (MIC 256 µg/mL) antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed antibacterial activity. In contrast, the combination of ciprofloxacin (1 µg/mL) with Ampicillin (16 µg/mL) antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed a bacteriostatic effect. The ERIC-PCR analysis pointed out that most of the assessed isolates have close genetic similarities.
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Gao X, Xu Z, Li S, Cheng L, Xu D, Li L, Chen L, Xu Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Sun J. Chitosan-vancomycin hydrogel incorporated bone repair scaffold based on staggered orthogonal structure: a viable dually controlled drug delivery system. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3759-3765. [PMID: 36756570 PMCID: PMC9890554 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, challenges remain in the treatment of large infected bone defects. Bone tissue engineering scaffolds with good mechanical properties and antibiotic-controlled release are powerful strategies for infection treatment. In this study, we prepared polylactic acid (PLA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds with vertical orthogonal and staggered orthogonal structures by applying 3D printing technology. In addition, vancomycin (Van)-based chitosan (CS) hydrogel (Gel@Van) was loaded on the scaffold (PLA/nHA/CS-Van) to form a local antibiotic release system. The microstructure of the composite scaffold had high porosity with interconnected three-dimensional networks. The mechanical properties of the PLA/nHA/CS-Van composite scaffold were enhanced by the addition of CS-Van. The results of the water contact angle analysis showed that the hydrophilicity of the drug-loaded scaffold improved. In addition, the composite scaffold could produce sustained release in vitro for more than 8 weeks without adverse effects on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), which confirmed its good biocompatibility. During the in vitro antimicrobial study, the composite scaffold effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Therefore, our results suggest that the PLA/nHA/CS-Van composite scaffold is a promising strategy for treating infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Zexian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Shangbo Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Lidi Cheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Dian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Yaoxiang Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Zijian Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao Qingdao 266000 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China .,Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao Qingdao 266000 China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery Qingdao 266000 China
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84
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Das K, Muthukumar A, Almuqbil M, Imran M, Rabaan AA, Halwani MA, Garout M, Alsaleh AA, Alissa M, Alwashmi ASS, Alshehri AA, Alsayyah A, Bhavani K, Mittal S, Gayathri R, Alomar NF, Rabbani SI, Basheeruddin Asdaq SM. Nephroprotective potential of Polyalthia longifolia roots against vancomycin-induced renal toxicity in experimental animals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1107435. [PMID: 36755952 PMCID: PMC9900101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was done to investigate the possible nephroprotective effect of an ethanolic root extract of Polyalthia Longifolia (PL) on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity using curative and protective models. Vancomycin (150 mg/kg, intravenous) was given to healthy Wistar albino rats in the curative model before the start of treatment, whereas the protective group received vancomycin at the conclusion of the 10-day treatment procedure. Animals were divided into six groups for both models; group I served as the normal control, while groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were kept as toxic control, standard (selenium, 6 mg/kg), LDPL (low dose of PL 200 mg/kg), HDPL (high dose of PL 400 mg/kg), and HDPL + selenium (interactive) groups, respectively. Renal biomarkers [(uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum proteins], and blood electrolyte levels were measured for all tested groups. When compared to the vancomycin group, the HDPL significantly (p < 0.01) showed greater effectiveness in lowering the BUN, potassium, and calcium levels. Additionally, in the curative model, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the blood levels of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, potassium, and calcium in the animals who received the combination of selenium and HDPL. Both LDPL and HDPL did not provide any distinguishable effect in the protective model, but groups that received HDPL with selenium did provide detectable protection by significantly lowering their levels of uric acid, BUN, serum potassium, and total serum protein in comparison to the vancomycin control group. These findings indicate that, whether administered before or after renal damage is induced, the Polyalthia longifolia root extract provided only modest protection to nephrons, which require selenium support to prevent vancomycin-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Das
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India
| | - A. Muthukumar
- Central Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India,*Correspondence: Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, /; A. Muthukumar,
| | - Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Healthcare for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A. Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Swati Mittal
- Central Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, /; A. Muthukumar,
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85
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Ong'era E, Kagira J, Maina N, Kiboi D, Waititu K, Michira L, Ngotho M. Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for the Acquisition of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. Bacteria Among Pastoralist Farmers in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3573056. [PMID: 37082192 PMCID: PMC10113052 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3573056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health problem globally. To address this challenge, there is a need to generate baseline data on the prevalence and AMR profile of the main disease-causing bacteria. Here, we interrogated the prevalence of bacteria in the nasal cavity of healthy pastoralists in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya, and the occurrence of AMR in Staphylococcus isolates among the study subjects. Nasal swabs from 176 pastoralists were cultured, and the bacteria isolates identified using standard phenotypic and biochemical bacteriological methods. Among the obtained 195 isolates, the most prevalent isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (44.9%), followed by Enterococci spp. (43.2%) while Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 8%. Antimicrobial sensitivity of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates to 14 antibiotics representing six antibiotic groups was undertaken using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Among the CoNS, the highest resistance was reported in amoxicillin (78.7%) and ceftazidime (76%), while the most resistance for S. aureus was reported in ceftazidime (100%), amoxicillin (71.4%), and streptomycin (71.4%). From an administered questionnaire looking at gender, animal contact frequency, history of hospital visitation and antibiotic usage, and habitual intake of raw milk, the study showed that male participants had a higher risk of carrying multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria than females (p = 0.02, OR = 1.3). Likewise, habitual intake of raw milk was significantly associated MDR acquisition (p = 0.02, OR = 1.82). This study reveals a high prevalence of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in the study area laying a foundation for further analysis of molecular characterization of the observed resistance as well as the development of interventions that can reduce the occurrence of AMR in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidah Ong'era
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - John Kagira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Naomi Maina
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Daniel Kiboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Kenneth Waititu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481 Karen 00502 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lynda Michira
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Maina Ngotho
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 30197-GPO
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86
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Lee D, Lee Y, Hye Shin S, Min Choi S, Hyeon Lee S, Jeong S, Jang S, Kee JM. A simple protein histidine kinase activity assay for high-throughput inhibitor screening. Bioorg Chem 2023; 130:106232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Description of a moderately acidotolerant and aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium Acidilutibacter cellobiosedens gen. nov., sp. nov. within the family Acidilutibacteraceae fam. nov., and proposal of Sporanaerobacteraceae fam. nov. and Tepidimicrobiaceae fam. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126376. [PMID: 36375421 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-stain positive, moderately thermophilic, acidotolerant and aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium, designated JN-28 T, was isolated from the pit mud of Chinese strong-flavor liquor. Growth was observed at 25-50 °C and pH 5.5-8.0 in the presence of 0-25 g l-1 NaCl (optimally at 45 °C, pH 6.0, without NaCl). Strain JN-28 T was heterotrophic, requiring yeast extract for growth. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and C14:0. The DNA G + C content of genomic DNA was 33.54 mol%. The strain was resistant to vancomycin (10 mg l-1). Genome analysis revealed the presence of genes involved in the response to mild acid stress and oxidative stress, and resistance to vancomycin. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain JN-28 T shares ≤ 89.3 % sequence similarity with its closest relatives Sporanaerobacter acetigenes DSM 13106 T and other members in the order Tissierellales. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, Acidilutibacter cellobiosedens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for the new genus and novel species with the type strain JN-28 T (=CCAM 418 T = JCM 39087 T). Further phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses suggested strain JN-28 T represents a novel family within the order Tissierellales, for which Acidilutibacteraceae fam. nov. is proposed. In addition, the family Tissierellaceae was reclassified, Sporanaerobacteraceae fam. nov. and Tepidimicrobiaceae fam. nov. were formally proposed. Emended description of the family Tissierellaceae is also provided.
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88
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MacNair CR, Tan MW. The role of bacterial membrane vesicles in antibiotic resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:63-73. [PMID: 36415037 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. On top of antibiotic resistance genes, biofilm formation, and persister tolerance, bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) provide a layer of protection that has been largely overlooked. MVs are spherical nanoparticles composed of lipid membranes and are common to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Although the importance of MVs in bacterial pathogenesis and virulence factor transport has been firmly established, a growing body of work now identifies MVs as key contributors to bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure. Herein, we highlight the ability of MVs to reduce antibiotic efficacy and transmit resistance elements. We also discuss the potential of targeting MV production as an unconventional therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Merenstein D, Pot B, Leyer G, Ouwehand AC, Preidis GA, Elkins CA, Hill C, Lewis ZT, Shane AL, Zmora N, Petrova MI, Collado MC, Morelli L, Montoya GA, Szajewska H, Tancredi DJ, Sanders ME. Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2185034. [PMID: 36919522 PMCID: PMC10026873 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2185034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic strains and products, as well as expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, and actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe and effective use. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics convened a meeting to discuss and produce evidence-based recommendations on potential acute and long-term risks, risks to vulnerable populations, the importance for probiotic product quality to match the needs of vulnerable populations, and the need for adverse event reporting related to probiotic use. The importance of whole genome sequencing, which enables determination of virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as clear assignment of species and strain identity, is emphasized. We present recommendations to guide the scientific and medical community on judging probiotic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult Europe BV, Almere, Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Geoffrey A Preidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A Elkins
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrea L Shane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Niv Zmora
- Scientific consultant, Elinav Lab, Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gina A Montoya
- Department of Chemical Risk Assessment, Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA
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90
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Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DMP. Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010024. [PMID: 36677316 PMCID: PMC9866002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.
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91
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BELITSKY BORISR. VanG- and D-Ala-D-Ser-dependent peptidoglycan synthesis and vancomycin resistance in Clostridioides difficile. Mol Microbiol 2022; 118:526-540. [PMID: 36065735 PMCID: PMC9671823 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Clostridioides difficile strain deficient in the ddl gene is unable to synthesize the dipeptide D-Ala-D-Ala, an essential component of peptidoglycan and the target of vancomycin. We isolated spontaneous suppressors of a ∆ddl mutation that allowed cell growth in the absence of D-Ala-D-Ala. The mutations caused constitutive or partly constitutive expression of the vancomycin-inducible vanG operon responsible for the synthesis of D-Ala-D-Ser, which can replace D-Ala-D-Ala in peptidoglycan. The mutations mapped to the vanS or vanR genes, which regulate expression of the vanG operon. The constitutive level of vanG expression was about 10-fold above that obtained by vancomycin induction. The incorporation of D-Ala-D-Ser into peptidoglycan due to high expression of the vanG operon conferred only low-level resistance to vancomycin, but VanG was found to synthesize D-Ala-D-Ala in addition to D-Ala-D-Ser. However, the same, low resistance to vancomycin was also observed in cells completely unable to synthesize D-Ala-D-Ala and grown in the presence of D-Ala-D-Ser. D-Ala-D-Ala presence was required for efficient vancomycin induction of the vanG operon showing that vancomycin is not by itself able to activate VanS. D-Ala-D-Ser, similar to D-Ala-D-Ala, served as an anti-activator of DdlR, the positive regulator of the ddl gene, thereby coupling vanG and ddl expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- BORIS R. BELITSKY
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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92
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Britton S, Lee K, Azizova L, Shaw G, Ayre WN, Mansell JP. Immobilised teicoplanin does not demonstrate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16661. [PMID: 36198734 PMCID: PMC9534865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial bone biomaterial coatings appeal to orthopaedics, dentistry and veterinary medicine. Achieving the successful, stable conjugation of suitable compounds to biomaterial surfaces is a major challenge. A pragmatic starting point is to make use of existing, approved antibiotics which are known to remain functional in a stationary, immobilised state. This includes the macrocyclic glycopeptide, teicoplanin, following the discovery, in the 1990's, that it could be used as a chiral selector in chromatographic enantiomeric separations. Importantly teicoplanin works at the level of the bacterial cell wall making it a potential candidate for biomaterial functionalisations. We initially sought to functionalise titanium (Ti) with polydopamine and use this platform to capture teicoplanin, however we were unable to avoid the natural affinity of the antibiotic to the oxide surface of the metal. Whilst the interaction between teicoplanin and Ti was robust, we found that phosphate resulted in antibiotic loss. Before contemplating the covalent attachment of teicoplanin to Ti we examined whether a commercial teicoplanin stationary phase could kill staphylococci. Whilst this commercially available material could bind N-Acetyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala it was unable to kill bacteria. We therefore strongly discourage attempts at covalently immobilising teicoplanin and/or other glycopeptide antibiotics in the pursuit of novel antibacterial bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Britton
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - K Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - L Azizova
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - G Shaw
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - W Nishio Ayre
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - J P Mansell
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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93
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Flint AJ, Davis AP. Vancomycin mimicry: towards new supramolecular antibiotics. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7694-7712. [PMID: 36165239 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin is the best-known of the glycopeptide group antibiotics (GPAs), a family of agents which operate by binding the C-terminal deptide D-Ala-D-Ala. This anionic epitope is an interesting target because it plays a central role in bacterial cell wall synthesis, and is not readily modified by evolution. Accordingly, vancomycin has been in use for >60 years but has only provoked limited resistance. Agents which mimic vancomycin but are easier to synthesise and modify could serve as valuable weapons against pathogenic bacteria, broadening the scope of the GPAs and addressing the resistance that does exist. This article gives an overview of vancomycin's structure and action, surveys past work on vancomycin mimicry, and makes the case for renewed effort in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister J Flint
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Anthony P Davis
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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94
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Clinical validation of the two-point method for predicting vancomycin AUC based on peak and trough plasma concentrations. Int J Clin Pharm 2022; 44:1325-1331. [PMID: 36136207 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) has been proposed as a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) target to dose vancomycin. It is time-consuming to estimate AUCs using traditional methods. A two-point trough-peak method is more straightforward for calculating the vancomycin AUC. However, the technique and the AUC/MIC target have not been validated in Chinese patients. AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of vancomycin therapy in Chinese older adults (aged > 60 years) between the trough-only and the two-point peak-trough AUC TDM approaches. METHOD The patients were divided into study and control groups according to TDM approaches. A trough-based TDM was used in the control group (target trough level 15-20 mg/L). Stanford University has provided a method to predict vancomycin AUC using peak-valley concentration alone (two-point method). A two-point trough-peak TDM approach was employed in the study group (target AUC/MIC ≥ 400). The effect of vancomycin was evaluated in terms of clinical findings, laboratory values, and bacteriologic responses. The effects of treatment and kidney functions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 389 patients met the study inclusion criteria, and 189 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Of the 200 patients, 80 received the two-point TDM approach (the study group), and 120 were monitored using the trough-based approach (the control group). The average age was 69.8 ± 7.1 years. Staphylococcus aureus (34%) was the most common Gram-positive bacteria. No vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity was observed in either group. The percentages of patients with an excellent response to vancomycin therapy were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group, 90% (72/80) versus 73.3% (88/120), P = 0.0039. CONCLUSION The two-point peak-trough method is practical for obtaining vancomycin AUC. The AUC/MIC ≥ 400 target demonstrates treatment effectiveness and safety in older Chinese patients.
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95
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Kuzma J, Palcová L, Timko J, Bastová V, Janošcová V, Chmelař D. Detection and molecular characterization of VRE isolates in Slovakia from stool samples positive for Clostridioides difficile toxins. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:975-984. [PMID: 35997873 PMCID: PMC9395909 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify colonized patients as a possible source of eventual VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) infection from stool samples positive for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen, as well as for Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B. The study was carried out from 7/2020 to 9/2021. Stool samples were grown in a brain heart infusion medium with a gram-positive non-spore-forming bacteria supplement under aerobic conditions. The samples for VRE identification were grown on CHROMID® VRE agar, and the MICs for vancomycin and teicoplanin were also estimated. The presence of the vanA/vanB genes was tested using the PCR method. The total number of 113 stool samples positive for Clostridioides difficile toxins was analyzed. Of these samples, 44 isolates with VRE characters were identified. The most prevalent isolates in our set of isolates were Enterococcus faecium (27 isolates, 62%), Enterococcus faecalis (9 isolates, 21%), Enterococcus solitarius (4 isolates, 9%), Enterococcus durans (2 isolates, 4%), 1 isolate Enterococcus sulfurous (2%), and Enterococcus raffinosus (2%). In total, 26 isolates were detected in the study in the presence of vanA genes (24 isolates E. faecium, 2 isolates E. faecalis) and 18 isolates detected in the presence of vanB genes (7 isolates E. faecalis, 4 isolates E. solitarius, 3 isolates E. faecium, 2 isolates E. durans, 1 isolate E. sulfurous, and E. raffinosus). The results of this study showed the local dominance character of the vanA gene of hospital VRE isolates that were carriers of genes associated with high resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and occasionally linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kuzma
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Palcová
- Science and Research Department, Faculty Hospital, Central Military Hospital, Ružomberok, Slovakia.,St. Elizabeth University in Bratislava, Catholic University, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Timko
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty Hospital, Central Military Hospital, Ružomberok, Slovakia.,Catholic University, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Bastová
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dittmar Chmelař
- Czech Anaerobic Bacteria Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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96
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Influence of Binary Toxin Gene Detection and Decreased Susceptibility to Antibiotics among Clostridioides difficile Strains on Disease Severity: a Single-Center Study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0048922. [PMID: 35861541 PMCID: PMC9380565 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00489-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the fifth leading cause of death from nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease in the United States. The contribution of resistance to C. difficile-active antibiotics to the outcomes of CDI is unclear. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. difficile isolates in a U.S. hospital and determined associations of clinical variables and binary toxin positivity with antibiotic resistance. C. difficile spores were cultured from fecal specimens of adult patients with CDI for genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility assay (for clindamycin [CLI], fidaxomicin [FDX], metronidazole [MTZ], moxifloxacin [MXF], tigecycline [TGC], and vancomycin [VAN]). Electronic medical records were reviewed for clinical data extraction. Ninety-seven of 130 (75%) fecal samples grew toxigenic C. difficile in culture. Most of the isolates were tcdA+ tcdB+ cdtB- (80.4%), and 18.6% and 1% were tcdA+ tcdB+ cdtB+ and tcdA-tcdB+ cdtB+, respectively. Susceptibility to VAN, MTZ, FDX, TGC, MXF, and CLI was 96%, 94%, 100%, 100%, 8%, and 79%, respectively. Six isolates, all cdtB positive and belonging to the 027 ribotype, were resistant to VAN and/or MTZ. Higher MICs were found in isolates with a mutation in the VAN-related resistance gene vanR, but not vanS. In addition, cdtB+ isolates exhibited higher MICs of VAN, MTZ, TGC, CLI, and MXF compared to cdtB- strains. Patients with greater intestinal inflammation or severe disease were more likely to be infected with cdtB+ strains. Decreased susceptibility to antibiotics is not directly associated with either severe or recurrent CDI. However, antimicrobial susceptibility of C. difficile is decreased in strains positive for the binary toxin gene.
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97
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Zelmer AR, Nelson R, Richter K, Atkins GJ. Can intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in osteomyelitis be treated using current antibiotics? A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Bone Res 2022; 10:53. [PMID: 35961964 PMCID: PMC9374758 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of treatments of chronic and recurrent osteomyelitis fail in part due to bacterial persistence. Staphylococcus aureus, the predominant pathogen in human osteomyelitis, is known to persist by phenotypic adaptation as small-colony variants (SCVs) and by formation of intracellular reservoirs, including those in major bone cell types, reducing susceptibility to antibiotics. Intracellular infections with S. aureus are difficult to treat; however, there are no evidence-based clinical guidelines addressing these infections in osteomyelitis. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the demonstrated efficacy of all antibiotics against intracellular S. aureus relevant to osteomyelitis, including protein biosynthesis inhibitors (lincosamides, streptogramins, macrolides, oxazolidines, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and aminoglycosides), enzyme inhibitors (fluoroquinolones and ansamycines), and cell wall inhibitors (beta-lactam inhibitors, glycopeptides, fosfomycin, and lipopeptides). The PubMed and Embase databases were screened for articles related to intracellular S. aureus infections that compared the effectiveness of multiple antibiotics or a single antibiotic together with another treatment, which resulted in 34 full-text articles fitting the inclusion criteria. The combined findings of these studies were largely inconclusive, most likely due to the plethora of methodologies utilized. Therefore, the reported findings in the context of the models employed and possible solutions for improved understanding are explored here. While rifampicin, oritavancin, linezolid, moxifloxacin and oxacillin were identified as the most effective potential intracellular treatments, the scientific evidence for these is still relatively weak. We advocate for more standardized research on determining the intracellular effectiveness of antibiotics in S. aureus osteomyelitis to improve treatments and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja R Zelmer
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renjy Nelson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Katharina Richter
- Richter Lab, Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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98
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Gamelas SRD, Vieira C, Bartolomeu M, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Almeida A, Lourenço LMO. Photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria mediated by Si(IV) phthalocyanines bearing axial ammonium units. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112502. [PMID: 35759946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms has gained interest as an efficient option for conventional antibiotic treatments. Recently, Si(IV) phthalocyanines (SiPcs) have been highlighted as promising photosensitizers (PSs) to the PDI of microorganisms due to their remarkable absorption and emission features. To increase the potential of cationic SiPcs as PS drugs, one novel (1a) and two previously described (2a and 3a) axially substituted PSs with di-, tetra-, and hexa-ammonium units, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. Their PDI effect was evaluated for the first time against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-negative and a Gram-positive bacterium, respectively. The photodynamic treatments were conducted with PS concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 μM under 60 min of white light irradiation (150 mW.cm-2). The biological results show high photodynamic efficiency for di- and tetra-cationic PSs 1a and 2a (6.0 μM), reducing the E. coli viability in 5.2 and 3.9 log, respectively (after 15 min of dark incubation before irradiation). For PS 3a, a similar bacterial reduction (3.6 log) was achieved but only with an extended dark incubation period (30 min). Under the same experimental conditions, the photodynamic effect of cationic PSs 1a-3a on S. aureus was even more promising, with abundance reductions of ca. 8.0 log after 45-60 min of PDI treatment. These results reveal the high PDI efficiency of PSs bearing ammonium groups and suggest their promising application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial to control infections caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vieira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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99
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Rezvani M, Kharazmkia A, Amiri A, Sherkatolabbasieh HR, Birjandi M. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) of vancomycin: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:104169. [PMID: 36045798 PMCID: PMC9422183 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evaluating the use of antibiotics leads to identifying drug problems, preventing antibiotic resistance, and controlling the cost of medication. The aim of this study was to Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) of vancomycin. Methods This study was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. Sampling method was the census. The information was collected through a checklist and referring to patients' files. Results 170 children and 120 adults who received vancomycin were studied. The dose of vancomycin in the studied adults was 40.6% and 61% was in accordance with the Uptodate guideline. Also, the duration of treatment in the studied children was 10.6% and 15.3% according to the Uptodate guideline and in adults 30%, 39.2% was in accordance with the Uptodate guideline. Also, the indication for vancomycin in children was 14.1% and 18.8% in accordance with the Uptodate guideline, and in adults 40% and 52.5% was in accordance with the Uptodate guideline. The highest initial diagnosis in children was RDS 54.1%, seizure 9.4%, jaundice 9.4% and pneumonia 8.2%, and in adults 30% CRF and 11.7% catheter. In children, the most common complications were related to shortness of breath 41.2%, fever 18.8% and jaundice 11.8%, and in adults were related to fever 32.5%, lethargy 26.7% and shortness of breath 20%, respectively. Conclusion It is recommended to improve the administration and rational use of antibiotics and prevent the occurrence of microbial resistance, to follow the treatment patterns based on international standards in hospitals. Evaluating the use of antibiotics leads to identifying drug problems. Preventing antibiotic resistance, and controlling the cost of medication. It is recommended to improve the administration and rational use of antibiotics and prevent. DUE is a practical and continuous method, which evaluates the quality and economics of drug use. This type of study be carried out with a larger sample size and in different populations.
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100
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van Groesen E, Innocenti P, Martin NI. Recent Advances in the Development of Semisynthetic Glycopeptide Antibiotics: 2014-2022. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1381-1407. [PMID: 35895325 PMCID: PMC9379927 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The accelerated appearance of drug-resistant bacteria poses an ever-growing threat to modern medicine's capacity to fight infectious diseases. Gram-positive species such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae continue to contribute significantly to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. For decades, the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections relied upon the glycopeptide family of antibiotics, typified by vancomycin, as a last line of defense. With the emergence of vancomycin resistance, the semisynthetic glycopeptides telavancin, dalbavancin, and oritavancin were developed. The clinical use of these compounds is somewhat limited due to toxicity concerns and their unusual pharmacokinetics, highlighting the importance of developing next-generation semisynthetic glycopeptides with enhanced antibacterial activities and improved safety profiles. This Review provides an updated overview of recent advancements made in the development of novel semisynthetic glycopeptides, spanning the period from 2014 to today. A wide range of approaches are covered, encompassing innovative strategies that have delivered semisynthetic glycopeptides with potent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. We also address recent efforts aimed at developing targeted therapies and advances made in extending the activity of the glycopeptides toward Gram-negative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Groesen
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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