51
|
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastasis: Focus on Laryngeal Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092148. [PMID: 36140250 PMCID: PMC9496235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial neoplasms, such as laryngeal carcinoma, the survival indexes deteriorate abruptly when the tumor becomes metastatic. A molecular phenomenon that normally appears during embryogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is reactivated at the initial stage of metastasis when tumor cells invade the adjacent stroma. The hallmarks of this phenomenon are the abolishment of the epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal traits by tumor cells which enhance their migratory capacity. EMT signaling is mediated by complex molecular pathways that regulate the expression of crucial molecules contributing to the tumor’s metastatic potential. Effectors of EMT include loss of adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, evasion of apoptosis and immune surveillance, upregulation of metalloproteinases, neovascularization, acquisition of stem-cell properties, and the activation of tumor stroma. However, the current approach to EMT involves a holistic model that incorporates the acquisition of potentials beyond mesenchymal transition. As EMT is inevitably associated with a reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a model of partial EMT is currently accepted, signifying the cell plasticity associated with invasion and metastasis. In this review, we identify the cumulative evidence which suggests that various aspects of EMT theory apply to laryngeal carcinoma, a tumor of significant morbidity and mortality, introducing novel molecular targets with prognostic and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
52
|
Wilms tumor 1 associated protein promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells by accelerating TGF-β and enhances chemoradiotherapy resistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04320-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
53
|
Liu Y, Zhu J, Yang L, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Zeng W. Lysyl Oxidase-Like Protein-2 Silencing Suppresses the Invasion and Proliferation of Esophageal Cancer Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of silencing lysyl oxidase-like protein-2 (LOXL2) gene on TE-1 cells. TE-1 cells were transfected by LOXL2-siRNA. E-cadherin, LOXL2, and Snail were detected using Western blot and Real-time PCR. Transwell invasion and migration assay was performed. Flow
cytometry detected apoptosis. Cell growth was analyzed with CCK-8 and colony formation. After48 h of transfection, compared with control groups, LOXL2 mRNA in the LOXL2-siRNA group (0.40±0.01) lowered significantly (P < 0.05). Consistently, LOXL2 protein in LOXL2-siRNA group
was (0.48± 0.02), significantly lower than that in blank control (1.04± 0.03) and negative control (1.02± 0.02) (P < 0.05). After 72 h of cell culture, the absorbance of LOXL2-siRNA group was (0.43±0.04), which reduced significantly than blank control
(0.81±0.05) and negative control (0.84±0.06) (P < 0.05). Similarly, cell clone number after LOXL2-siRNA transfection (72.3±4.2)increased significantly than the negative control (178.8±4.6) and blank control (167.3±3.5) (P < 0.05). However,
LOXL2 silencing did not significantly affect cell apoptosis. Furthermore, LOXL2 silencing inhibited Snail while increased E-cadherin (P < 0.05). Conclusively, LOXL2 silencing may suppress the invasion and proliferation of esophageal cancer cells via down-regulating Snail, and up-regulating
E-cadherin to inhibit EMT in esophageal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Longhai Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zizi Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Shen D, Peng H, Xia C, Deng Z, Tong X, Wang G, Qian K. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939070. [PMID: 35923466 PMCID: PMC9339612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies with frequent remote invasion and metastasis, leading to high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in embryonic development and plays a key role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could regulate the occurrence and development of EMT through various complex molecular mechanisms involving multiple signaling pathways in PCa. Given the importance of EMT and lncRNAs in the progression of tumor metastasis, we recapitulate the research progress of EMT-related signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in PCa, including AR signaling, STAT3 signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize four modes of how lncRNAs participate in the EMT process of PCa via regulating relevant signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Xia
- President’s Office, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Resveratrol inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in gastric cancer cells through Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2210-2221. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
56
|
Xie C, Huang Z, Huang Z, Zhang X, Lou S. microRNA-206 Suppresses Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth and Invasion by Targeting Jumonji AT-Rich Interactive Domain 2. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2994-3005. [PMID: 34240323 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study set out to elucidate the specific role of microRNA (miR)-206 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell biological activities by negatively modulating jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 2 (JARID2). METHODS Firstly, human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and CCA cell lines were selected via the analysis of miR-206 and JARID2 expression patterns in CCA by qRT-PCR. Next, the target relation between miR-206 and JARID2 was predicted by Targetscan and validated using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Subsequently, CCK-8 method, colony formation assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cancer cell development after the overexpression of miR-206 and/or JARID2, with levels of invasion-related proteins assessed. In addition, xenograft transplantation was also employed to confirm the role of miR-206 in vivo. Lastly, Ki-67 expression pattern was also quantified with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS It was found that miR-206 was poorly expressed and JARID2 was highly expressed in CCA cell lines. Also, miR-206 overexpression brought about a suppressive effect on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, miR-206 was observed to target JARID2. Meanwhile, JARID2 overexpression promoted cell growth, while simultaneous overexpression of miR-206 and JARID2 impeded malignant cancer progression, indicating that miR-206 overexpression inhibited cell progression via targeting JARID2. Finally, in vivo experimentation illustrated that miR-206 overexpression suppressed tumor growth and weight, and inhibited the expressions of JARID2 N-cadherin, vimentin, and Ki-67. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings clarified that miR-206 inhibited CCA malignancy by negatively regulating JARID2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Siyuan Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
He Y, Xu W, Xiao YT, Huang H, Gu D, Ren S. Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:198. [PMID: 35750683 PMCID: PMC9232569 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Nascente EDP, Amorim RL, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Moura VMBD. Comparative Pathobiology of Canine and Human Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2727. [PMID: 35681707 PMCID: PMC9179314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 1817, prostate cancer is considered a complex neoplastic entity, and one of the main causes of death in men in the western world. In dogs, prostatic carcinoma (PC) exhibits undifferentiated morphology with different phenotypes, is hormonally independent of aggressive character, and has high rates of metastasis to different organs. Although in humans, the risk factors for tumor development are known, in dogs, this scenario is still unclear, especially regarding castration. Therefore, with the advent of molecular biology, studies were and are carried out with the aim of identifying the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of canine PC, aiming to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. However, there are extensive gaps to be filled, especially when considering the dog as experimental model for the study of this neoplasm in humans. Thus, due to the complexity of the subject, the objective of this review is to present the main pathobiological aspects of canine PC from a comparative point of view to the same neoplasm in the human species, addressing the historical context and current understanding in the scientific field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Paula Nascente
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil;
| | - Renée Laufer Amorim
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Wang L, Ye G, Wang Y, Wang C. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 regulates malignant progression of cervical cancer cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12941-12954. [PMID: 35609330 PMCID: PMC9275951 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2079253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary regulatory gene for fatty acid synthesis, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), has been linked to the progression of several malignancies. Its role in cervical cancer remains unclear till now. This paper aimed to explore the role and mechanism of SCD1 in cervical cancer. The GEPIA database was used to perform a bioinformatics analysis of the role of SCD1 in cervical cancer staging and prognosis. The influences of SCD1 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress were then investigated. Following transcription factor Kruppel like factor 9 (KLF9) was discovered to be negatively correlated with SCD1, the regulatory role of KLF9 in the effects of SCD1 on cervical cancer cells and the signaling pathway was evaluated. According to the GEPIA database, SCD1 level was associated with the cervical cancer stage, the overall survival level, and the disease-free survival level. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT progress were all hindered when its expression was knocked down. Novelty, KLF9 reversed the effects of SCD1 on cells, as well as the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway. Together, SCD1 was negatively regulated by KLF9 and it activated the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway to promote the malignant progression of cervical cancer cells. Developing SCD1 inhibitors offers novel ideas for the biological treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Guoliu Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Caizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Liang H, Li L, Zhu S, Tan J, Yang B, Wang X, Wu G, Xie C, Li L, Liu Z, Li Y, Song H, Chen G, Lin L. MicroRNA-744-5p suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway by targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12309-12325. [PMID: 35593122 PMCID: PMC9276001 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2072619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the progression of OS. In this study, we found that miR-744-5p was the least expressed miRNA in patients with OS by analyzing GSE65071 from the GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) database. Through real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, colony formation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2-Deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays, we demonstrated its ability to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells in vitro. According to the luciferase reporter assay, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) was negatively regulated by miR-744-5p and reversed the effects of miR-744-5p on OS. Subcutaneous tumor-forming animal models and tail vein injection lung metastatic models were used in animal experiments, and it was found that miR-744-5p negatively regulated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, rescue assays verified that miR-744-5p regulates TGFB1 expression in OS. Further experiments revealed that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the miR-744-5p/TGFB1 axis. Generally, this study suggests that miR-744-5p is a negative regulator of TGFB1 and suppresses OS progression and metastasis via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Liang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of orthopedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianye Tan
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingsheng Yang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lutao Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Feng D, Shi X, Zhang F, Xiong Q, Wei Q, Yang L. Energy Metabolism-Related Gene Prognostic Index Predicts Biochemical Recurrence for Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839362. [PMID: 35280985 PMCID: PMC8908254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to construct and validate an energy metabolism-related gene prognostic index (EMRGPI) to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Methods We used Lasso and COX regression analysis to orchestrate the EMRGPI in the TCGA database, and the prognostic value of EMRGPI was further validated externally using the GSE46602. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Results SDC1 and ADH1B were finally used to construct the risk formula. We classified the 430 tumor patients in the TCGA database into two groups, and patients in the high-risk group had a higher risk of BCR than those in the low-risk group (HR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.18-3.32, p=0.01). Moreover, in the GSE46602, we confirmed that the BCR risk in the high-risk group was 3.86 times higher than that in the low-risk group (95%CI: 1.61-9.24, p=0.001). We found that patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher proportions of residual tumor, older age, and T stage. SDC1 and ADH1B were significantly expressed low in the normal tissues when compared to the tumor tissues, which were opposite at the protein level. The spearman analysis showed that EMRGPI was significantly associated with B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score, and estimate score. In addition, the EMRGPI was positively associated with the 54 immune checkpoints, among which CD80, ADORA2A, CD160, and TNFRSF25 were significantly related to the BCR-free survival of PCa patients undergoing RP. Conclusions The EMRGPI established in this study might serve as an independent risk factor for PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Wang Q, Liu Z, Zhai G, Yu X, Ke S, Shao H, Guo J. Overexpression of GATA5 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression by Regulating PLAGL2 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092074. [PMID: 35565203 PMCID: PMC9099954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence of malignant tumors and is the second-ranked tumor-causing death of men. GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) belongs to the GATA gene family and we found that GATA5 was downregulated in PCa tissues, but the function of GATA5 in PCa remains elusive. We found overexpression GATA5 inhibited tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and upregulation of GATA5 promoted PCa cell apoptosis. In addition, we disclosed that GATA5 could interact with pleomorphic adenoma gene-like-2 (PLAGL2) to regulate PCa cell growth via FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Hence, these findings suggested that GATA5 could serve as a new therapeutic target in the future. Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy with high incidence and the principal cause of cancer deaths in men. GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) belongs to the GATA gene family. GATA5 has a close association with carcinogenesis, but the role of GATA5 in PCa remains poorly understood. The aim of our present study was to probe into the effect of GATA5 on PCa progression and to elucidate the involved mechanism. Methods: The expression of GATA5 was detected in both PCa samples and PCa cell lines. GATA5 overexpression, PLAGL2 knockdown, and overexpression cell models were generated, then Western blotting experiments were utilized to validate the efficiency of transfection. The effects of GATA5 on PCa cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and EMT were detected in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the mechanism by which GATA5 inhibits prostate cancer progression through regulating PLAGL2 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway was also explored. Results: GATA5 expression was downregulated in PCa samples and cell lines. GATA5 overexpression inhibited PCa cell proliferation and metastasis but increased the rate of apoptosis. In addition, we confirmed that GATA5 inhibited prostate cancer progression, including EMT, by regulating PLAGL2 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion: We demonstrated that GATA5, as a tumor suppressor in PCa, inhibits PCa progression by regulating PLAGL2. These results showed that the GATA5/PLAGL2/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway may become a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
|
63
|
Giridharan M, Rupani V, Banerjee S. Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:193-206. [PMID: 35434534 PMCID: PMC9003388 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among men, and the current statistics show that it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Over the years, research in PCa treatment and therapies has made many advances. Despite these efforts, the standardized therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery are not considered completely effective in treating advanced and metastatic PCa. In most situations, fast-dividing tumor cells are targeted, leaving behind relatively slowly dividing, chemoresistant cells known as cancer stem cells. Therefore, following the seemingly successful treatments, the lingering quiescent cancer stem cells are able to renew themselves, undergo differentiation into mature tumor cells, and sufficiently reinitiate the disease, leading to cancer relapse. Thus, prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) have been reported to play a vital role in controlling the dynamics of tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapies in PCa. However, the complete knowledge on the mechanisms regulating the stemness of PCSCs is still unclear. Thus, studying the stemness of PCSCs will allow for the development of more effective cancer therapies due to the durable response, resulting in a reduction in recurrences of cancer. In this Review, we will specifically describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the stemness of PCSCs. Furthermore, current developments in stem cell-specific therapeutic approaches along with future prospects will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Giridharan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasu Rupani
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Pascal LE, Igarashi T, Mizoguchi S, Chen W, Rigatti LH, Madigan CG, Dhir R, Bushman W, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Wang Z. E-cadherin deficiency promotes prostate macrophage inflammation and bladder overactivity in aged male mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2945-2965. [PMID: 35361739 PMCID: PMC9037276 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased E-cadherin immunostaining is frequently observed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and was recently correlated with increased inflammation in aging prostate. Homozygous E-cadherin deletion in the murine prostate results in prostate inflammation and bladder overactivity at 6 months of age. However, this model is limited in that while E-cadherin is significantly reduced in BPH, it is not completely lost; BPH is also strongly associated with advanced age and is infrequent in young men. Here, we examined the functional consequences of aging in male mice with prostate luminal epithelial cell-specific E-cadherin heterozygosity. In control mice, aging alone resulted in an increase in prostate inflammation and changes in bladder voiding function indicative of bladder underactivity. At 24 months of age, mice with prostate-specific Cre-mediated heterozygous deletion of E-cadherin induced at 7 weeks of age developed additional prostatic defects, particularly increased macrophage inflammation and stromal proliferation, and bladder overactivity compared to age-matched control mice, which are similar to BPH/LUTS in that the phenotype is slow-progressing and age-dependent. These findings suggest that decreased E-cadherin may promote macrophage inflammation and fibrosis in the prostate and subsequent bladder overactivity in aging men, promoting the development and progression of BPH/LUTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Taro Igarashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Shinsuke Mizoguchi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Lora H. Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Caroline G. Madigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Vimentin Protein In Situ Expression Predicts Less Tumor Metastasis and Overall Better Survival of Endometrial Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5240046. [PMID: 35320951 PMCID: PMC8938074 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5240046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Vimentin, a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein, has been recently identified to be a prognostic biomarker in some cancers. However, the function of vimentin in endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains unclear. Our study aimed at evaluating vimentin expression in EC and preliminarily exploring the role of vimentin in EC progression. Methods In total, 341 EC patients who underwent surgical follow-up were enrolled in the retrospective study. Vimentin expression levels in EC tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the vimentin (VIM) gene expression levels in 547 samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. To examine the prognostic value of vimentin in EC, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, and a Cox model was established. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also conducted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database to explore the role of vimentin in EC progression. Results Negative vimentin expression in EC correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, deep myometrium invasion (MI), lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI), advanced Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics Association (FIGO) stages (III and IV), and high tumor grade. Vimentin negativity was more common in type 2 EC than that in type 1 EC, and vimentin-negative patients had poorer overall survival compared with vimentin-positive patients. The results of GSEA suggested that vimentin may interact with classical pathways in EC. Conclusions Negative vimentin expression correlates with tumor metastasis and worse overall survival in EC, suggesting that it may be an excellent prognostic biomarker for this disease. The mechanism by which vimentin contributes to EC progression needs to be explored in the future.
Collapse
|
66
|
Kaur P, Mohamed NE, Archer M, Figueiro MG, Kyprianou N. Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development and Clinical Management of Genitourinary Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:759153. [PMID: 35356228 PMCID: PMC8959649 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.759153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system is an innate clock mechanism that governs biological processes on a near 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythm disruption (i.e., misalignment of circadian rhythms), which results from the lack of synchrony between the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and the environment (i.e., exposure to day light) or the master clock and the peripheral clocks, has been associated with increased risk of and unfavorable cancer outcomes. Growing evidence supports the link between circadian disruption and increased prevalence and mortality of genitourinary cancers (GU) including prostate, bladder, and renal cancer. The circadian system also plays an essential role on the timely implementation of chronopharmacological treatments, such as melatonin and chronotherapy, to reduce tumor progression, improve therapeutic response and reduce negative therapy side effects. The potential benefits of the manipulating circadian rhythms in the clinical setting of GU cancer detection and treatment remain to be exploited. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the influence of circadian rhythms on (disease) cancer development and hope to elucidate the unmet clinical need of defining the extensive involvement of the circadian system in predicting risk for GU cancer development and alleviating the burden of implementing anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kaur
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nihal E. Mohamed
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maddison Archer
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mariana G. Figueiro
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Natasha Kyprianou, ; Mariana G. Figueiro,
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY, United States,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Natasha Kyprianou, ; Mariana G. Figueiro,
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Feng D, Shi X, Xiong Q, Zhang F, Li D, Wei W, Yang L. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Prognostic Index Associated With Biochemical Recurrence and Radiation Resistance for Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803766. [PMID: 35223835 PMCID: PMC8867172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death which has been reported to be involved in the development of various cancers. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible links between ferroptosis and prostate cancer (PCa), and a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index (FGPI) was constructed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and radiation resistance for PCa patients undergoing radical radiotherapy (RRT). Moreover, the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of PCa was analyzed. Methods: We merged four GEO datasets by removing batch effects. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Cytoscape 3.8.2 was used to establish a network of transcriptional factor and competing endogenous RNA. Results: We established the FGPI based on ACSL3 and EPAS1. We observed that FGPI was an independent risk factor of BCR for PCa patients (HR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.68–5.48), consistent with the result of internal validation (HR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.68–7.05). Furthermore, FGPI showed high ability to identify radiation resistance (AUC: 0.963; 95% CI: 0.882–1.00). LncRNA PART1 was significantly associated with BCR and might modulate the mRNA expression of EPAS1 and ACSL3 through interactions with 60 miRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that FGPI was enriched in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, allograft rejection, TGF beta signaling pathway, and ECM receptor interaction. Immune checkpoint and m6A analyses showed that PD-L2, CD96, and METTL14 were differentially expressed between BCR and no BCR groups, among which CD96 was significantly associated with BCR-free survival (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.06–3.03). We observed that cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, stromal score, immune score, estimate score, and tumor purity were differentially expressed between BCR and no BCR groups and closely related to BCR-free survival (HRs were 2.17, 1.79, 2.20, 1.93, 1.92, and 0.52 for cancer-related fibroblasts, macrophages, stromal score, immune score, estimate score, and tumor purity, respectively). Moreover, cancer-related fibroblasts (coefficient: 0.20), stromal score (coefficient: 0.14), immune score (coefficient: 0.14), estimate score (coefficient: 0.15), and tumor purity (coefficient: −0.15) were significantly related to FGPI, among which higher positive correlation between cancer-related fibroblasts and FGPI was observed. Conclusion: We found that FGPI based on ACSL3 and EPAS1 might be used to predict BCR and radiation resistance for PCa patients. CD96 and PD-L2 might be a possible target for drug action. Besides, we highlighted the importance of immune evasion in the process of BCR.
Collapse
|
68
|
Shao N, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wang S, Bao S. Modified Sijunzi Decoction Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Attenuating AKT/GSK3β Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:821567. [PMID: 35111070 PMCID: PMC8802809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.821567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified Sijunzi Decoction (MSJZD) is an empirical prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and has been corroborated to be effective in multiple human diseases, but its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is enigmatic. Here we mainly analyze the function and mechanism of MSJZD in NSCLC. In this study, we used a method that coupled ultra-performance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to investigate the major constituents in MSJZD with positive and negative ion modes. Additionally, in in vitro experiments, the effects of serum-containing MSJZD on the biological behavior of NSCLC cells induced by TGF-β1 were assessed by cell function experiments. Then, the influences of serum-containing MSJZD on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers were examined by immunofluorescence and western blot assays. Also, the AKT/GSK3β pathway and apoptosis-related markers were estimated by western blotting. Tumor xenografts were generated by subcutaneously injecting A549 cells into BALB/c nude mice to determine the effects of MSJZD in vivo. We first analyzed the composition of MSJZD. In positive ion mode, 47 kinds of components were identified. In negative ion mode, 45 kinds of components were identified. We also found that TGF-β1 contributed to inducing cell morphological changes and EMT progression. In vitro, surprisingly, cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion in NSCLC cells induced by TGF-β1, could be weakened by serum-containing MSJZD, and apoptosis was intensified. Moreover, serum-containing MSJZD weakened EMT passage and AKT/GSK3β pathway activation and induced apoptosis-related markers in NSCLC cells triggered by TGF-β1. In vivo, we discovered that MSJZD attenuated the tumor growth, promoted histopathological damage, and induced apoptosis in A549 tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, MSJZD has also restrained the development of EMT, AKT/GSK3β pathway, and TGF-β1 expression levels in nude mice. These findings demonstrated that MSJZD significantly weakened NSCLC progression by modulating EMT and AKT/GSK3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niu Shao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Bao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Feng D, Shi X, Xiong Q, Zhang F, Li D, Yang L. A Gene Prognostic Index Associated With Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Predicting Biochemical Recurrence and Tumor Chemoresistance for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805571. [PMID: 35096608 PMCID: PMC8790245 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to establish a novel epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene prognostic index (EMTGPI) associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and drug resistance for prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS We used Lasso and Cox regression analysis to establish the EMTGPI. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. RESULTS We established the EMTGPI based on SFRP4 and SPP1. Patients in high-risk group had 2.23 times of BCR risk than those in low-risk group (p = 0.003), as well as 2.36 times of metastasis risk (p = 0.053). In external validation, we detected similar diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value in terms of BCR free survival. For drug resistance, we observe moderately diagnostic accuracy of EMTGPI score (AUC: 0.804). We found that PDCD1LG2 (p = 0.04) and CD96 (p = 0.01) expressed higher in BCR patients compared with their counterpart. For TME analysis, we detected that CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages expressed higher in BCR group. Moreover, stromal score (p = 0.003), immune score (p = 0.01), and estimate score (p = 0.003) were higher in BCR patients. We found that EMTGPI was significantly related to HAVCR2 (r: 0.34), CD96 (r: 0.26), CD47 (r: 0.22), KIR3DL1 (r: -0.21), KLRD1 (r: -0.21), and CD2 (r: 0.21). In addition, we observed that EMTGPI was significantly associated with M1 macrophages (r: 0.6), M2 macrophages (r: -0.33), monocytes (r: -0.18), neutrophils (r: -0.43), CD8+ T cells (r: 0.13), and dendritic cells (r: 0.37). PHA-793887 was the common drug sensitive to SPP1 and SFRP4, and PC3 and DU145 were the common PCa-related cell lines of SPP1, SFRP4, and PHA-793887. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the EMTGPI score based on SFRP4 and SPP1 could be used to predict BCR for PCa patients. We confirmed the impact of immune evasion on the BCR process of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhao WJ, Fan YP, Ou GY, Qiao XY. LASS2 impairs proliferation of glioma stem cells and migration and invasion of glioma cells mainly via inhibition of EMT and apoptosis promotion. J Cancer 2022; 13:2281-2292. [PMID: 35517425 PMCID: PMC9066216 DOI: 10.7150/jca.71256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 2 (LASS2), a highly conserved transmembrane protein, has been reported in several cancer types. However, the roles of LASS2 in glioma biology remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the expression of LAAS2 in human glioma tissues and the effects of LASS2 on glioma stem cell (GSC) proliferation. Roles of LASS2 in glioma cell migration and invasion were also researched both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the level of LASS2 is gradually reduced with the increase of glioma grade. The level of LASS2 is significantly lower in GSCs than in non GSCs, whereas LASS2 overexpression reduced the sphere formation and promoted the differentiation of CD133+ glioblastoma cells, as was indicated by reduced levels of CD133 and Nestin. In addition, LASS2 overexpression significantly reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells by promoting tumor cell apoptosis and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overexpression of LASS2 inhibited U-87 MG cell-derived glioma xenograft growth in nude mice in a manner similar to in vitro. Our findings indicate that LASS2 can function as a suppressor of glioma growth, suggesting that modulation of LASS2 expression may contribute to a novel strategy for the management of glioma via inhibition of GSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Pu Fan
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiao
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yuan D, Guo T, Zhu D, Ge H, Zhao Y, Huang A, Wang X, Cao X, He C, Qian H, Yu H. Exosomal lncRNA ATB Derived from Ovarian Cancer Cells Promotes Angiogenesis via Regulating miR-204-3p/TGFβR2 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:327-337. [PMID: 35115831 PMCID: PMC8801365 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate in women. Our previous work presented that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (lncRNA ATB) played a role of oncogene in ovarian cancer. However, whether exosomal lncRNA ATB from ovarian cancer cells could regulate the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Methods RT-qPCR assay was performed to evaluate the level of lncRNA ATB in cancer cells (SKOV3 and A2780). In addition, ovarian cancer cells-secreted exosomes were collected with ultracentrifugation. CCK8 assay was performed to detect the viability of ovarian cells and HUVECs. Meanwhile, Western blot was performed to detect the expression of mechanism related protein and tube formation assay was used to observe the angiogenesis of HUVECs. Finally, xenograft mice model was used to verify the role of ovarian cancer cell-derived exosomes in vivo. Results Ovarian cancer cells-derived exosomes promoted the viability, angiogenesis and migration of HUVECs; however, knockdown of lncRNA ATB in HUVECs reversed these phenomena. In addition, exosomal lncRNA ATB promoted the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer via regulating miR-204-3p/TGFβR2 axis. Furthermore, ovarian cancer cells-secreted exosomal lncRNA ATB increased tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Exosomal lncRNA ATB derived from ovarian cancer cells could improve tumor microenvironment via regulating miR-204-3p/TGFβR2 axis. Thus, this study might provide new knowledge for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donglan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - DanDan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongshan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhong Cao
- Department of Operation, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - CuiQin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hua Qian Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, 399 Hailing Road, Hailing District, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China
- Hong Yu Department of Pathology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to YangZhou University, 399 Hailing Road, Hailing District, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ferritinophagic Flux Was a Driving Force in Determination of Status of EMT, Ferroptosis, and NDRG1 Activation in Action of Mechanism of 2-Pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate S-Acetic Acid. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3015710. [PMID: 34917147 PMCID: PMC8670909 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3015710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferritinophagy is a process of ferritin degradation in lysosomes; however, how its effect on other cellular events, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis remains elusive. In this study, we determined how ferritinophagic flux influence the status of EMT and ferroptosis in HepG2 cell. Our data revealed that 2-pyridylhydrazone dithiocarbamate s-acetic acid (PdtaA) induced EMT inhibition involved ferritinophagy-mediated ROS production, but addition of ferrostatin-1 could attenuate the effect of PdtaA on the regulation of EMT-related proteins, suggesting that ferroptosis might involve in the EMT regulation. Next, downregulation of Gpx4 and xCT as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation further supported that PdtaA was able to induce ferroptosis. Knockdown of NCOA4 significantly attenuated the regulatory effect of PdtaA on related proteins which highlighted that the strength of ferritinophagic flux (NCOA4/ferritin) was a driving force in determination of the status of EMT and ferroptosis. Furthermore, NDRG1 activation was also observed, and knockdown of NDRG1 similarly influenced the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins, suggesting that NDRG1 also involved ferroptosis induction, which was first reported. Taken together, PdtaA-induced EMT inhibition, ferroptosis, and NDRG1 activation all depended on the strength of ferritinophagic flux.
Collapse
|
73
|
Tang X, Sui X, Weng L, Liu Y. SNAIL1: Linking Tumor Metastasis to Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724200. [PMID: 34917071 PMCID: PMC8669501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snail1, a key inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Its stability is strictly controlled by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Increasing evidence indicates that methylation and acetylation of Snail1 also affects tumor metastasis. More importantly, Snail1 is involved in tumor immunosuppression by inducing chemokines and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, some immune checkpoints potentiate Snail1 expression, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoglobulin 3 (TIM-3). This mini review highlights the pathways and molecules involved in maintenance of Snail1 level and the significance of Snail1 in tumor immune evasion. Due to the crucial role of EMT in tumor metastasis and tumor immunosuppression, comprehensive understanding of Snail1 function may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Farrerol suppresses the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174636. [PMID: 34801529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the context of well-known inhibitory effects of Farrerol on the invasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells, the unexplored effect and regulatory mechanism of Farrerol on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) emerged as the target in this study. METHODS After treatment with Farrerol alone, or together with MitoTempo, the viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells were measured using MTT, flow cytometry, wound-healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Meanwhile, the levels of cytochrome C (Cyt C), Cleaved caspase-3/9, Cyclin D1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in LSCC cells were evaluated by Western blot; the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation intensity and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of LSCC cells were assessed using flow cytometry; and the effect of Farrerol on xenograft tumor formation was evaluated in animal experiment. RESULTS Farrerol (10, 20, 50 μM) inhibited the viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, but promoted apoptosis, ROS formation intensity and disruption of MMP of LSCC cells. Moreover, Farrerol up-regulated Cyt C (in the cytoplasm), Cleaved caspase-3/9 and E-cadherin levels, but down-regulated Cyclin D1, N-cadherin and Vimentin levels in LSCC cells. Additionally, we uncovered that MitoTempo reversed the promoting effects of Farrerol on ROS formation intensity, apoptosis, and Cyt C and Cleaved caspase-3/9 levels in LSCC cells, while improving the disruption of MMP in Farrerol-treated LSCC cells. Also, Farrerol lessened the volume and weight of mice tumors. CONCLUSIONS Farrerol suppressed the migration, invasion, and induced the apoptosis of LSCC cells via the mitochondria-mediated pathway.
Collapse
|
75
|
Urbano N, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Schillaci O. Radiopharmaceutical preclinical investigation: an accurate and multidisciplinary approach. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:157-163. [PMID: 34886790 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666211209154317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of less expensive and pivotal methodologies, capable to support the researchers in the radiopharmaceutical pre-clinical investigations could provide a crucial incentive for developing biomedical research involved in the realization of tailored target therapies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the capability of a digital autoradiography system equipped with a laser scanning device to perform [18F]choline biodistribution evaluation in a xenograft mouse model of prostate cancer. METHODS PC3 prostate cancer cells were used to develop xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. The biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical was evaluated at 30,60 and 120 min after injection in excised organs by using a digital autoradiography system equipped with super resolution laser screen. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to correlate the [18F]choline uptake with morphological and molecular tumours characteristics. RESULTS Data here reported clearly indicate the possibility to perform accurate biodistribution studies by using the digital autoradiographic system equipped with a super resolution screen. Specifically, a significant increase in the [18F]choline inhibitor uptake in PC3 tumours as compared to heart, bowel, liver and kidney at both 30 and 60 min was observed. More important, the digital autoradiographic system showed signal uptake almost exclusively in the PC3 tumors at 60 min post-injection. Noteworthy, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a strong overlapping between the [18F]choline uptake and the proliferation index (Ki67 expression). CONCLUSIONS The use of autoradiography system in pre-clinical investigations could shed new light on the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the tissues damage induced by therapeutical radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Policlinico "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome. Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome. Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome. Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome. Italy
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Li X, Buckley B, Stoletov K, Jing Y, Ranson M, Lewis JD, Kelso M, Fliegel L. Roles of the Na +/H + Exchanger Isoform 1 and Urokinase in Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413263. [PMID: 34948058 PMCID: PMC8705693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in men over 60 years of age. Most patients are killed by tumor metastasis. Recent evidence has implicated a role of the tumor microenvironment and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we examine the role of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and uPA in DU 145 prostate cancer cell migration and colony formation. Knockout of NHE1 reduced cell migration. The effects of a series of novel NHE1/uPA hexamethylene-amiloride-based inhibitors with varying efficacy towards NHE1 and uPA were examined on prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of NHE1-alone, or with inhibitors combining NHE1 or uPA inhibition-generally did not prevent prostate cancer cell migration. However, uPA inhibition-but not NHE1 inhibition-prevented anchorage-dependent colony formation. Application of inhibitors at concentrations that only saturate uPA inhibition decreased tumor invasion in vivo. The results suggest that while knockout of NHE1 affects cell migration, these effects are not due to NHE1-dependent proton translocation. Additionally, while neither NHE1 nor uPA activity was critical in cell migration, only uPA activity appeared to be critical in anchorage-dependent colony formation of DU 145 prostate cancer cells and invasion in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Benjamin Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (B.B.); (M.R.); (M.K.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Konstantin Stoletov
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (K.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (B.B.); (M.R.); (M.K.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - John D. Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (K.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Mike Kelso
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (B.B.); (M.R.); (M.K.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-1848
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Sharma N, Raut PW, Baruah MM, Sharma A. Combination of quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PC-3 cell line via Wnt signaling pathway. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO747. [PMID: 34737887 PMCID: PMC8558868 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We have previously reported that quercetin (Qu) regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by modulating Wnt signaling components. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of Qu and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) and the role of Wnt signaling components in regulating EMT in PC-3 cells. Materials & methods: EMT was induced by treating PC-3 cells with TGF-β, followed by evaluation of expression of EMT markers and Wnt signaling proteins in naive, induced and after exposing induced cells to Qu and 2-ME at both gene and protein level by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Results: Qu and 2-ME synergistically downregulated mesenchymal markers with simultaneous upregulation of epithelial markers. Wnt signaling proteins expression was also downregulated by Qu and 2-ME in TGF-β-induced EMT in PC-3 cells. Conclusion: Thus, combination therapy of Qu and 2-ME could be a new promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. The current study describes the synergistic effect of quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol and the role of Wnt signaling components in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PC-3 cells. EMT was induced by treating PC-3 cells with TGF-β, followed by the evaluation of expression of EMT markers and Wnt signaling proteins in naive and induced states. Quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol could synergistically downregulate mesenchymal markers with simultaneous upregulation of epithelial markers along with the downregulation of Wnt signaling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Sharma
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University, Charholi Budruk, Pune, 412105, India
| | - Piyush W Raut
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Meghna M Baruah
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Zhao J, Li Q, Feng B, Wei D, Han Y, Li M, Wang Y, Luo Y, Jiang Y. MicroRNA‑149 inhibits cancer cell malignant phenotype by regulating Akt1 in C4‑2 CRPC cell line. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:258. [PMID: 34698359 PMCID: PMC8561672 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen‑dependent disease. Androgen receptor (AR) has a crucial role in the development and progression of PCa. Recently, several microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) involved in AR regulation have been associated with castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the terminal stage of PCa. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to identify a novel miR‑149 regulatory network and potential therapeutic target for CRPC. It was found that ectopic expression of miR‑149 mimic could inhibit AR expression, repress epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CRPC cell line C4‑2, whereas the miR‑149 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, it was also revealed that miR‑149 could reduce the functional activity of the PI3K/Akt1 signaling pathway by targeting Akt1 protein, the key regulatory factor of the PI3K/Akt1 signaling pathway. Knockdown of Akt1 by short hairpin RNA increased apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and restrained migration and invasion in CRPC cells, with the effect of AR inhibition. In conclusion, these results revealed that miR‑149 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRPC cell line C4‑2 and restrains its progression through the AR signaling pathway by targeting Akt1. The miR‑149/Akt1/AR regulatory pathway may represent a novel PCa therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qiankun Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bingfu Feng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dechao Wei
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yili Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Hu W, Xia M, Zhang C, Song B, Xia Z, Guo C, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhang S, Xu D, Fang J. Chronic cadmium exposure induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells through a TGF-β-independent, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:107-117. [PMID: 34687772 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and thus malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145) were exposed to a non-toxic level (0.5 or 2 μM) of Cd for up to 3 months, which resulted in significantly promoted migration and invasion of the cells. These phenotypic changes were considered to be the consequence of enhanced EMT as evidenced by diminished expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Regarding the mechanisms of Cd-induced EMT, we found Smad3 was activated but without upregulation of TGF-β. Alternatively, we found endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of prostate cancer cells was significantly evoked, which was parallel with the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Removal of ROS by N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced ER stress in prostate cancer cells, followed by the decrease of Smad3 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear Snail, resulting in the inhibition of EMT and malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. These findings indicated a new TGF-β independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Accordingly, ROS-induced ERs may become a novel preventive and therapeutic target for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mizhen Xia
- Life Science College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Xiao S, Liu X, Yuan L, Chen X, Wang F. Expression of Ferroptosis-Related Genes Shapes Tumor Microenvironment and Pharmacological Profile in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:694003. [PMID: 34660573 PMCID: PMC8517126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that occurs as a consequence of lethal lipid peroxidation. A wealth of studies has demonstrated that ferroptosis profoundly modulated numerous biological behaviors of tumor. However, its natural functions in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be explored. Methods: Firstly, a total of over 1,000 GC patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were included in our study. Secondly, 32 ferroptosis-related genes were extracted from the ferrDb website. Then, unsupervised clustering was performed to classify patients into three distinct ferroptosis-related clusters. Subsequently, we systematically and comprehensively explored the biological characteristics of each cluster. Finally, we constructed a scoring system, named ferroptosis score, to quantify each cluster and also investigated the predictive therapeutic value of the ferroptosis score for chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Results: Based on the expressions of 32 ferroptosis-related genes, three distinct ferroptosis-related subtypes with various biological characteristics were determined. Integrated analysis showed that cluster 1 is a microsatellite instability (MSI)-like subtype, cluster 2 is an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like subtype, while cluster 3 tends to be a metabolic-like subtype. Prognostic analysis revealed that patients in cluster 2 had a worse overall survival and relapse-free survival. The distribution of the ferroptosis score was significantly different in clusters and gene clusters. The ferroptosis score could predict the biological characteristics of each cluster, the stromal activity, and progression of tumor. The low ferroptosis score group was characterized by the activation of antigen processing and presentation, DNA damage repair pathways, and metabolic pathways, while the high ferroptosis score group was characterized by stromal activation. In response to anticancer drugs, the ferroptosis score was highly negatively associated with drugs targeting MAPK signaling and PI3K/mTOR signaling, while it was positively correlated with drugs targeting the cell cycle, mitosis, and metabolism. Finally, we also proved that the ferroptosis score could serve as a reliable biomarker to predict response to immunotherapy. Conclusion: This work revealed that tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment could be shaped by varying the activation degrees of ferroptosis. Establishing ferroptosis-related subtypes would guide in predicting the biological features of individual tumors and selecting appropriate treatment protocols for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Lingzhi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Cancer Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhao T, Yang Y, Yang J, Cui Y, Cao Z, Zuo D, Zhai X. Harmine-inspired design and synthesis of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety as potential tumor suppressors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116367. [PMID: 34425477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy and personalized target therapies are commonly used in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, multidrug resistance (MDR) and tumor metastasis lead to the decline of therapeutic efficacy, which are closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Twist1, an EMT transcription factor, plays an essential role in promoting EMT, MDR and tumor metastasis. In view of the essential role of Twist1 in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, developing antitumor small molecules that can suppress the expression of Twist1 is of far-reaching significance for the treatment of NSCLC. A series of novel benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives possessing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were designed based on the structure of the first-in-class Twist1 inhibitor harmine. Among the synthetic twenty-two compounds, the compound containing 2-(piperidine-1-yl) ethyl exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative activity with IC50 value of 2.03 μM and 9.80 μM against A549 and H2228 cell lines superior to harmine (IC50 = 17.12 μM against A549, IC50 = 31.06 μM against H2228). Meanwhile, western blot assay showed that the optimal compound significantly down-regulated Twist1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner and reduced Twist1 level better than harmine. Collectively, the promising compound was identified a potential antineoplastic lead with the ability of down-regulating Twist1 level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Youbao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Zou Z, Liu R, Liang Y, Zhou R, Dai Q, Han Z, Jiang M, Zhuo Y, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhu X, Cai S, Lin J, Tang Z, Zhong W, Liang Y. Identification and Validation of a PPP1R12A-Related Five-Gene Signature Associated With Metabolism to Predict the Prognosis of Patients With Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:703210. [PMID: 34484299 PMCID: PMC8414655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant male neoplasm in the American male population. Our prior studies have demonstrated that protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (PPP1R12A) could be an efficient prognostic factor in patients with PCa, promoting further investigation. The present study attempted to construct a gene signature based on PPP1R12A and metabolism-related genes to predict the prognosis of PCa patients. Methods The mRNA expression profiles of 499 tumor and 52 normal tissues were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We selected differentially expressed PPP1R12A-related genes among these mRNAs. Tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteins that directly interact with PPP1R12A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to extract metabolism-related genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis and a random survival forest algorithm were used to confirm optimal genes to build a prognostic risk model. Results We identified a five-gene signature (PPP1R12A, PTGS2, GGCT, AOX1, and NT5E) that was associated with PPP1R12A and metabolism in PCa, which effectively predicted disease-free survival (DFS) and biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS). Moreover, the signature was validated by two internal datasets from TCGA and one external dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Conclusion The five-gene signature is an effective potential factor to predict the prognosis of PCa, classifying PCa patients into high- and low-risk groups, which might provide potential novel treatment strategies for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodong Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejin Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanghua Cai
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jundong Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Tang
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Safarulla S, Khillar PS, Kini S, Jaiswal AK. Tissue engineered scaffolds as 3D models for prostate cancer metastasis to bone. MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 28:102641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
|
84
|
Zhao Y, Bilal M, Qindeel M, Khan MI, Dhama K, Iqbal HMN. Nanotechnology-based immunotherapies to combat cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6563-6580. [PMID: 34424444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging concepts in nanotechnology have gained particular attention for their clinical translation of immunotherapies of cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. Several nanoconstructs have been engineered with unique structural, physicochemical, and functional features as robust alternatives for conventional chemotherapies. Traditional cancer therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ultimately surgery are the most widely practiced in biomedical settings. Biomaterials and nanotechnology have introduced vehicles for drug delivery and have revolutionized the concept of the modern immunotherapeutic paradigm. Various types of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and, more specifically, drug-loaded nanoparticles are becoming famous for drug delivery applications because of safety, patient compliance, and smart action. Such therapeutic modalities have acknowledged regulatory endorsement and are being used in twenty-first-century clinical settings. Considering the emerging concepts and landscaping potentialities, herein, we spotlight and discuss nanoparticle-based immunotherapies as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach to combat cancer metastasis. The introductory part of this manuscript discusses a broad overview of cancer immunotherapy to understand better the tumor microenvironment and nanotechnology-oriented immunomodulatory strategies to cope with advanced-stage cancers. Following that, most addressable problems allied with conventional immunotherapies are given in comparison to nanoparticle-based immunotherapies. The later half of this work comprehensively highlights the requisite delivery of various bioactive entities with particular cases and examples. Finally, this review also encompasses a comprehensive concluding overview and future standpoints to strengthen a successful clinical translation of nanoparticle-based immunotherapies as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Xie A, Xu X, Kuang P, Zhang L, Yu F. TMED3 promotes the progression and development of lung squamous cell carcinoma by regulating EZR. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:804. [PMID: 34429402 PMCID: PMC8385054 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has a poor clinical prognosis and lacks effective targeted therapy. The transmembrane emp24 trafficking protein 3 (TMED3) belongs to the TMED family, which is responsible for the transport of intracellular proteins. This study was to explore the clinicopathological significance and biological effects of TMED3 in LUSC. Expression of TMED3 in LUSC was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC). The loss-of-function assays were used to investigate the effects of TMED3 on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and migration of LUSC cells. The influence of TMED3 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by mice xenograft models. In addition, the downstream target of TMED3 was recognized by RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Moreover, TMED3 was upregulated in LUSC tissue, which was positively correlated with pathological grade. TMED3 knockdown was involved in the regulation of LUSC cell function, such as inhibition of proliferation, reduction of colony formation, induction of apoptosis, and reduction of migration. TMED3 knockdown induced abnormalities in apoptosis-related proteins in LUSC cells. In addition, the inhibition of cell migration by TMED3 knockdown was achieved by regulating EMT. Mechanically, EZR was considered as a potential target for TMED3 to regulate the progress of LUSC. Inhibition of EZR can inhibit the progression of LUSC, and even reduce the promoting effects of TMED3 overexpression on LUSC. In conclusion, TMED3 promoted the progression and development of LUSC by EZR, which may be a novel therapeutic target for LUSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Xie
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Peng Kuang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Zhang L, Lu SY, Guo R, Ma JX, Tang LY, Wang JJ, Shen CL, Lu LM, Liu J, Wang ZG, Zhang HX. STK10 knockout inhibits cell migration and promotes cell proliferation via modulating the activity of ERM and p38 MAPK in prostate cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:851. [PMID: 34149897 PMCID: PMC8210223 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer and is a serious threat to men's health due to the high rate of incidence and metastasis. However, the exact underlying pathology of this malignant disease has yet to be fully elucidated. The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins are associated with the development and metastasis of various types of cancer. Serine threonine kinase 10 (STK10) is an ERM kinase that is involved in the activation of ERM proteins and serves essential roles in the aggregation and adhesion of lymphocytes. To evaluate the functional roles of STK10 in the pathogenesis of PCa, a STK10-knockout (KO) DU145 PCa cell line was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, and the effects of STK10 deletion on tumor biological behaviors were further analyzed. The present data suggested that STK10 KO promoted PCa cell proliferation by inhibiting p38 MAPK activation and suppressed migration primarily via the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling and ERM protein activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that STK10 plays important roles in the proliferation and migration of PCa cells, which will be useful for further investigation into the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Yuan Lu
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xia Ma
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Tang
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Wang
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Shanghai 201321, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ling Shen
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Gang Wang
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Enwald M, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Murtola TJ, Raitoharju E. Human Prostate Tissue MicroRNAs and Their Predicted Target Pathways Linked to Prostate Cancer Risk Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143537. [PMID: 34298752 PMCID: PMC8307951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important in prostate cancer development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to test microRNA expression profile in prostate tissue obtained from prostate cancer patients for associations with various prostate cancer related factors and to pinpoint the predicted target pathways for these microRNAs. Prostate tissue samples were obtained at prostatectomy from patients participating in a trial evaluating impact of pre-operative atorvastatin on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Ki-67 expression in prostate tissue. Prostate tissue microRNA expression profiles were analyzed using OpenArray® MicroRNA Panel. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for predicted target genes of microRNAs that correlated significantly with studied factors. Eight microRNAs correlated significantly with studied factors of patients after Bonferroni multiple testing correction. MiR-485-3p correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol levels. In atorvastatin-treated subjects, miR-34c-5p correlated with a change in serum PSA and miR-138-3p with a change in total cholesterol. In the placebo arm, both miR-576-3p and miR-550-3p correlated with HDL-cholesterol and miR-627 with PSA. In pathway analysis, these eight microRNAs related significantly to several pathways relevant to prostate cancer. This study brings new evidence from the expression of prostate tissue microRNAs and related pathways that may link risk factors to prostate cancer and pinpoint new therapeutic possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Enwald
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Subhawa S, Naiki-Ito A, Kato H, Naiki T, Komura M, Nagano-Matsuo A, Yeewa R, Inaguma S, Chewonarin T, Banjerdpongchai R, Takahashi S. Suppressive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Extract against Prostate Carcinogenesis and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143403. [PMID: 34298624 PMCID: PMC8306559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study explored the chemopreventive effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) extracts against prostate carcinogenesis in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using the Transgenic Rat for Adenocarcinoma of Prostate (TRAP) model, CRPC xenograft mice, and prostate cancer cell lines. HCT suppressed cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis via inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC cell lines. HCT also inhibited cell migration and EMT phenotypes through the STAT3/Snail/Twist pathway. One of the active compounds of HCT was identified as rutin. Consistent with in vitro study, the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the TRAP model and CRPC tumor growth in the xenograft model were suppressed by induction of apoptosis and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK by HCT intake. Our data demonstrated that HCT attenuated androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC by mechanisms that may involve inhibition of cell growth and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways. Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with biological activities used in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. This study investigated the effects of HCT extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EA) on prostate carcinogenesis and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). HCT and EA induced apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and CRPC cells (PCai1) through activation of caspases, down-regulation of androgen receptor, and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK signaling. Rutin was found to be a major component in HCT (44.00 ± 5.61 mg/g) and EA (81.34 ± 5.21 mg/g) in a previous study. Rutin had similar effects to HCT/EA on LNCaP cells and was considered to be one of the active compounds. Moreover, HCT/EA inhibited cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes via STAT3/Snail/Twist pathways in LNCaP cells. The consumption of 1% HCT-mixed diet significantly decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate lobe of the Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate model. Similarly, tumor growth of PCai1 xenografts was significantly suppressed by 1% HCT treatment. HCT also induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via AKT inactivation in both in vivo models. Together, the results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HCT has inhibitory effects against prostate carcinogenesis and CRPC. This plant therefore should receive more attention as a source for the future development of non-toxic chemopreventive agents against various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhawat Subhawa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Papanikolaou S, Vourda A, Syggelos S, Gyftopoulos K. Cell Plasticity and Prostate Cancer: The Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Progression, Invasion, Metastasis and Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112795. [PMID: 34199763 PMCID: PMC8199975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-known cellular process involved during normal embryogenesis and wound healing, it also has a dark side; it is a complex process that provides tumor cells with a more aggressive phenotype, facilitating tumor metastasis and even resistance to therapy. This review focuses on the key pathways of EMT in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and the development of metastases and evasion of currently available treatments. Abstract Prostate cancer, the second most common malignancy in men, is characterized by high heterogeneity that poses several therapeutic challenges. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic, reversible cellular process which is essential in normal embryonic morphogenesis and wound healing. However, the cellular changes that are induced by EMT suggest that it may also play a central role in tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to current therapeutic options. These changes include enhanced motility and loss of cell–cell adhesion that form a more aggressive cellular phenotype. Moreover, the reverse process (MET) is a necessary element of the metastatic tumor process. It is highly probable that this cell plasticity reflects a hybrid state between epithelial and mesenchymal status. In this review, we describe the underlying key mechanisms of the EMT-induced phenotype modulation that contribute to prostate tumor aggressiveness and cancer therapy resistance, in an effort to provide a framework of this complex cellular process.
Collapse
|
90
|
Abbas M, Moradi F, Hu W, Regudo KL, Osborne M, Pettipas J, Atallah DS, Hachem R, Ott-Peron N, Stuart JA. Vertebrate cell culture as an experimental approach – limitations and solutions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 254:110570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
91
|
Hassan S, Blick T, Thompson EW, Williams ED. Diversity of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Phenotypes in Circulating Tumour Cells from Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112750. [PMID: 34206049 PMCID: PMC8198708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spread of prostate cancer to other parts of the body is responsible for the majority of deaths. Tumour cell epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) increases their metastatic potential and facilitates their survival in the blood as circulating tumour cells (CTCs). The aim of this study was to molecularly characterise CTCs in a panel of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts using genes associated with epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, and to compare the EMP status of CTCs with their matched primary tumours. The study highlights high heterogeneity in CTC enumeration and EMP gene expression between tumour-bearing mice and within individual blood samples, and therefore caution should be taken when interpreting pooled CTC analyses. Critically, tumour cells were present in the epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid state in the circulation. The study also demonstrates that there is high variation in CTC size, which would introduce sample bias to size-based CTC isolation techniques. Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) status of primary tumours has relevance to metastatic potential and therapy resistance. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) provide a window into the metastatic process, and molecular characterisation of CTCs in comparison to their primary tumours could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the metastatic cascade. In this study, paired blood and tumour samples were collected from four prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (BM18, LuCaP70, LuCaP96, LuCaP105) and assessed using an EMP-focused, 42 gene human-specific, nested quantitative RT-PCR assay. CTC burden varied amongst the various xenograft models with LuCaP96 having the highest number of CTCs per mouse (mean: 704; median: 31) followed by BM18 (mean: 101; median: 21), LuCaP70 (mean: 73; median: 16) and LuCaP105 (mean: 57; median: 6). A significant relationship was observed between tumour size and CTC number (p = 0.0058). Decreased levels of kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) mRNA (which encodes prostate-specific antigen; PSA) were observed in CTC samples from all four models compared to their primary tumours. Both epithelial- and mesenchymal-associated genes were commonly expressed at higher levels in CTCs compared to the bulk primary tumour, although some common EMT-associated genes (CDH1, VIM, EGFR, EPCAM) remained unchanged. Immunofluorescence co-staining for pan-cytokeratin (KRT) and vimentin (VIM) indicated variable proportions of CTCs across the full EMP axis, even in the same model. EMP hybrids predominated in the BM18 and LuCaP96 models, but were not detected in the LuCaP105 model, and variable numbers of KRT+ and human VIM+ cells were observed in each model. SERPINE1, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), was enriched at the RNA level in CTCs compared to primary tumours and was the most commonly expressed mesenchymal gene in the CTCs. Co-staining for SERPINE1 and KRT revealed SERPINE1+ cells in 7/11 samples, six of which had SERPINE+KRT+ CTCs. Cell size variation was observed in CTCs. The majority of samples (8/11) contained larger CTCs ranging from 15.3 to 37.8 µm, whilst smaller cells (10.7 ± 4.1 µm, similar in size to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) were identified in 6 of 11 samples. CTC clusters were also identified in 9/11 samples, containing 2–100 CTCs per cluster. Where CTC heterogeneity was observed in the clusters, epithelial-like cells (KRT+VIM−) were located on the periphery of the cluster, forming a layer around hybrid (KRT+VIM+) or mesenchymal-like (KRT−VIM+) cells. The CTC heterogeneity observed in these models emphasises the complexity in CTC isolation and classification and supports the increasingly recognised importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid state in cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassan
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.W.T.); (E.D.W.)
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.W.T.); (E.D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Górecki I, Rak B. The role of microRNAs in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancers; focusing on mir-200 family. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100385. [PMID: 34023767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with cancer malignancy and metastases. Cells undergoing EMT lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire mesenchymal phenotype. This process is accompanied by several molecular changes such as decrease of E-cadherin and increase of N-cadherin which is called the "cadherin swich". MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs having ability to regulate genes post-transcriptionally. Nowadays they are believed to take part in multiple physiological and pathological processes including cancer development. Comparison between TargetScan7 (www.targetscan.org) results for miR-200b and metanalysis of genes involved in EMT showed that miR-200b has a potential binding site in 60 genes that are involved in EMT (the majority of them were associated with mesenchymal phenotype). Our review summarizes literature findings contributing to experimentally proven interactions between miR-200b and genes involved in EMT process including cell receptors, signaling pathways, cell cycle or cell adhesion. The results of those interactions indicate that miR-200b may have an inhibitory impact on EMT or even in selected cases is able to restore epithelial phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Górecki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Nielubowicza 5, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Li CY, Chen CY, An JH, Wu JB, Shen H. Normal Basal Epithelial Cells Stimulate the Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cell RM-1 by TGF-β1/STAT3 Axis in vitro. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3685-3697. [PMID: 33994809 PMCID: PMC8114913 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s303122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Basal epithelial cells are absent in distant prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether basal epithelial cells could suppress migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells to become a new treatment strategy for prostate cancer. Main Methods Basal epithelial cells were identified by immunofluorescence with anti-p63. Wound healing assays or transwell assays were used to explore the effects of basal epithelial cells, TGF-β1, SB431542 (inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor) or stattic (inhibitor of phosphorylated STAT3) on migration or invasion of mouse prostate cancer cell (RM-1). Concentration of TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA assay. HE staining was used to investigate cell morphology. Immunocytochemistry with anti-p63 was used to identify basal epithelial cells. Levels of STAT3, p-STAT3 (Ser727) and proteins associated with EMT were measured with Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was measured with MTT or CCK8 assay. Results Normal basal epithelial cells acquired from mouse prostate were specific to anti-p63 and more than 90%. Basal epithelial cells and RM-1 could both secrete TGF-β1. Basal epithelial cells and TGF-β1 promoted the migration and invasion of RM-1 through changing the cell morphology and up-regulating expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin, vimentin, snail and p-STAT3 (Ser727), at the same time down-regulating E-cadherin of RM-1. SB431542 strongly suppressed migration, invasion as well as the expressions of EMT relevant proteins and p-STAT3 (Ser727) of co-cultured RM-1. In addition, stattic suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of non-treated RM-1 and co-cultured RM-1. Conclusion Our study suggests that normal basal epithelial cells might stimulate the migration and invasion of RM-1 by TGF-β1/STAT3 axis which could be suppressed by inhibitor of TGF-β receptor and inhibitor of p-STAT3. So, basal epithelial cells might not become a treatment strategy for prostate cancer, but our results could provide some researching references for other diseases which include basal epithelial cells such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostatic hyperplasia, cervical cancer, or urinary bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Li
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ya Chen
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong An
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bin Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Zhang Y, Wu W, Sun Q, Ye L, Zhou D, Wang W. linc‑ROR facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to doxorubicin by regulating TWIST1‑mediated epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:340. [PMID: 33760121 PMCID: PMC7974311 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non‑coding RNAs are associated with cancer progression. Long intergenic non‑protein coding RNA (linc)‑regulator of reprogramming (ROR) enhances tumor development in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of chemoresistance and its underlying mechanisms in HCC are not completely understood. The present study aimed to identify the effect of ROR on sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) in HCC cells. In the present study, Cell Counting Kit‑8 and EdU assays were performed to assess cell viability and proliferation, respectively. In addition, E‑cadherin and vimentin protein expression levels were assessed via western blotting and immunofluorescence.The results of the present study demonstrated that HCC cells with high linc‑ROR expression levels were more resistant to DOX, and linc‑ROR knockdown increased HCC cell DOX sensitivity compared with the control group. The results indicated that compared with the NC siRNA group, linc‑ROR knockdown notably suppressed epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by downregulating twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1) expression. TWIST1 knockdown displayed a similar effect on HCC cell DOX sensitivity to linc‑ROR knockdown. Moreover, linc‑ROR knockdown‑induced HCC cell DOX sensitivity was inhibited by TWIST1 overexpression. The present study provided evidence that linc‑ROR promoted HCC resistance to DOX by inducing EMT via interacting with TWIST1. Therefore, linc‑ROR might serve as a therapeutic target for reducing DOX resistance in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dongkai Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Han L, Luo H, Huang W, Zhang J, Wu D, Wang J, Pi J, Liu C, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Xiang Y. Modulation of the EMT/MET Process by E-Cadherin in Airway Epithelia Stress Injury. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050669. [PMID: 33946207 PMCID: PMC8144967 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent injury and the following improper repair in bronchial epithelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and airway remodeling of asthma. E-cadherin (ECAD) has been shown to be involved in airway epithelium injury repair, but its underlying mechanisms to this process is poorly understood. Here, we describe a previously undetected function of ECAD in regulating the balance of EMT and MET during injury repair. Injury in mice and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) was induced by successive ozone stress for 4 days at 30 min per day. ECAD overexpression in HBECs was induced by stable transfection. EMT features, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) secretion, transcriptional repressor Snail expression, and β-catenin expression were assayed. Ozone exposure and then removal successfully induced airway epithelium injury repair during which EMT and MET occurred. The levels of TGF-β1 secretion and Snail expression increased in EMT process and decreased in MET process. While ECAD overexpression repressed EMT features; enhanced MET features; and decreased TGF-β1 secretion, Snail mRNA level, and β-catenin protein expression. Moreover, activating β-catenin blocked the effects of ECAD on EMT, MET and TGF-β1 signaling. Our results demonstrate that ECAD regulates the balance between EMT and MET, by preventing β-catenin to inhibit TGFβ1 and its target genes, and finally facilitates airway epithelia repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China;
| | - Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China;
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiao Pi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410007, China; (L.H.); (W.H.); (J.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Zhang Z. MiR-124-3p Suppresses Prostatic Carcinoma by Targeting PTGS2 Through the AKT/NF-κB Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:621-630. [PMID: 33893997 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MiR-124-3p had shown its tumor-regulatory properties in different cancers, but its potential roles in prostatic carcinoma had not been clearly understood. This study aimed to explore the roles of miR-124-3p in the regulation of prostatic carcinoma. The expression levels of PTGS2 and miR-124-3p were detected in prostatic carcinoma tissues and cultivated cell lines with qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot, respectively. The interaction between miR-124-3p and PTGS2 was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot, MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the mediatory roles of miR-124-3p in prostatic carcinoma cells and the involvement of molecular pathways. Both prostatic carcinoma tissues and cells expressed a lower level of miR-124-3p and a higher level of PTGS2. PTGS2 was confirmed to be a target of miR-124-3p. MiR-124-3p suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and enhanced apoptosis of prostatic carcinoma cells by directly sponging PTGS2 to inhibit the AKT/NF-κB pathway. These findings provided information that miR-124-3p exerted anti-tumor effects in prostatic carcinoma by targeting PTGS2 to inactivate the AKT/NF-κB pathway. MiR-124-3p might have the potential to become an emerging therapeutic target for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Shengli Hospital of Dongying, No.107 Beier Road, Dongying District, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Wang X, Xue B, Zhang Y, Guo G, Duan X, Dou D. Up-regulated circBACH2 contributes to cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:412. [PMID: 33875646 PMCID: PMC8055688 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has proven the vital role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer progression. However, there remains a dearth of knowledge on the function of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Utilizing a circRNA microarray dataset, four circRNAs were identified to be abnormally expressed in TNBC. Among them, circBACH2 was most significantly elevated in TNBC cancerous tissues and its high expression was positively correlated to the malignant progression of TNBC patients. In normal human mammary gland cell line, the overexpression of circBACH2 facilitated epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. In TNBC cell lines, circBACH2 knockdown suppressed the malignant progression of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, circBACH2 sponged miR-186-5p and miR-548c-3p, thus releasing the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression. The interference of miR-186-5p/miR-548c-3p efficiently promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion suppressed by circBACH2 knockdown in the TNBC cell lines. Finally, circBACH2 knockdown repressed the growth and lung metastasis of TNBC xenografts in nude mice. In summary, circBACH2 functions as an oncogenic circRNA in TNBC through a novel miR-186-5p/miR-548c-3p/CXCR4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjian Xue
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Dou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Qin F, Fan Q, Yu PKN, Almahi WA, Kong P, Yang M, Cao W, Nie L, Chen G, Han W. Properties and gene expression profiling of acquired radioresistance in mouse breast cancer cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 33987326 PMCID: PMC8106033 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Acquired radioresistant cells exhibit many characteristic changes which may influence cancer progression and further treatment options. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of radioresistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells on both phenotypic and molecular levels. Methods We established an acquired radioresistant cell line from its parental NF639 cell line (HER2-positive) by fractionated radiation and assessed changes in cellular morphology, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis activity, basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and energy metabolism. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was also used to reveal the potential regulating genes and molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired changed phenotypes. Real-time PCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq. Results The NF639R cells exhibited increased radioresistance and enhanced activity of proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis, but decreased basal ROS. Two main energy metabolism pathways, mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic, were also upregulated. Furthermore, 490 differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq. Enrichment analysis based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed many differently expressed genes were significantly enriched in cell morphology, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, antioxidation, tumor stem cells and energy metabolism and the signaling cascades such as the transforming growth factor-β, Wnt, Hedgehog, vascular endothelial growth factor, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor, Toll-like receptor and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor were significantly altered in NF639R cells. Conclusions In clinical radiotherapy, repeat radiotherapy for short-term recurrence of breast cancer may result in enhanced radioresistance and promote malignant progression. Our research provided hints to understand the tumor resistance to radiotherapy de novo and recurrence with a worse prognosis following radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institute of Sericultural, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Peter K N Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waleed Abdelbagi Almahi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Peizhong Kong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China.,Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Liu Y, Wang G, Li Y, Zhao Q, Fan L, Tan B, Li B, Yu B, Xi J. miR-424-5p reduces 5-fluorouracil resistance possibly by inhibiting Src/focal adhesion kinase signalling-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1062-1070. [PMID: 33793771 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES miR-424-5p negatively regulates various malignant biological behaviours in tumour cells. We explored the relationship between miR-424-5p and 5-fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells. METHODS We developed 5-fluorouracil-resistant HT-29 cells and detected miR-424-5p expression using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to determine protein levels. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. KEY FINDINGS miR-424-5p was downregulated in 5-fluorouracil-resistant HT-29 cells. A miR-424-5p mimic enhanced the sensitivity of the resistant cells to 5-fluorouracil, whereas a miR-424-5p inhibitor promoted 5-fluorouracil resistance in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, the miR-424-5p mimic downregulated vimentin and upregulated E-cadherin in 5-fluorouracil-resistant HT-29 cells, whereas the miR-424-5p inhibitor exhibited opposite effects. The miR-424-5p inhibitor significantly inhibited 5-fluorouracil-induced HT-29 cell apoptosis and Src and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, whereas the miR-424-5p mimic showed opposite effects. Pretreatment with Src inhibitor 1 or focal adhesion kinase inhibitor 2 blocked the increase in Src and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and vimentin expression level and the decrease in E-cadherin expression level in miR-424-5p inhibitor-exposed HT-29 cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-424-5p suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting the Src/focal adhesion kinase signalling pathway to reduce 5-fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youqiang Liu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liqiao Fan
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baokun Li
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Yu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinchuan Xi
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Downregulation of Snail by DUSP1 Impairs Cell Migration and Invasion through the Inactivation of JNK and ERK and Is Useful as a Predictive Factor in the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051158. [PMID: 33800291 PMCID: PMC7962644 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) is crucial in prostate cancer (PC), since its expression is downregulated in advanced carcinomas. Here, we investigated DUSP1 effects on the expression of mesenchymal marker Snail, cell migration and invasion, analyzing the underlying mechanisms mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibition. To this purpose, we used different PC cells overexpressing or lacking DUSP1 or incubated with MAPKs inhibitors. Moreover, we addressed the correlation of DUSP1 expression with Snail and activated MAPKs levels in samples from patients diagnosed with benign hyperplasia or prostate carcinoma, studying its implication in tumor prognosis and survival. We found that DUSP1 downregulates Snail expression and impairs migration and invasion in PC cells. Similar results were obtained following the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In clinical samples, we evidenced an inverse correlation between DUSP1 expression and Snail levels, which are further associated with JNK and ERK activation. Consequently, the pattern DUSP1high/activated JNKlow/activated ERKlow/Snaillow is associated with an overall extended survival of PC patients. In summary, the ratio between DUSP1 and Snail expression, with additional JNK and ERK activity measurement, may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the clinical outcome of PC patients. Furthermore, DUSP1 induction or inhibition of JNK and ERK pathways could be useful to treat PC.
Collapse
|