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Sanlier N, Guney-Coskun M. Vitamin D, the immune system, and its relationship with diseases. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2022; 70:39. [PMCID: PMC9573796 DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is classified as an immunomodulatory hormone that is synthesized because of skin exposure to sunlight. It is known to come into play during the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Its deficiency can cause many diseases and their associated pleiotropic effects. In addition, in relation to its eminent function as regards adaptive immune response and innate immune response, vitamin D level is associated with immune tolerance. Methods Literature search prior to May 2021 was conducted through selected websites, including the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and EFSA. Results Vitamin D is found effective for the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, and cell proliferation along with differentiation. Its role as an immune modulator is based on the presence of receptors on many immune cells and the synthesis of its active metabolite from these cells. Vitamin D, an immune system modulator, inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates cell differentiation. A fair number of immune system diseases, encompassing autoimmune disorders alongside infectious diseases, can occur because of low serum vitamin D levels. Supplementation of vitamin D has positive effects in lessening the severity nature of disease activity; there exists no consensus on the dose to be used. Conclusion It is figured out that a higher number of randomized controlled trials are essential to evaluate efficacy pertaining to clinical cases, treatment duration, type, and dose of supplementation and pathophysiology of diseases, immune system functioning, and the effect of vitamin D to be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, 06050 Turkey
| | - Merve Guney-Coskun
- grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pagnini C, Di Paolo MC, Graziani MG, Delle Fave G. Probiotics and Vitamin D/Vitamin D Receptor Pathway Interaction: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747856. [PMID: 34899302 PMCID: PMC8657408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions of unknown etiology and immunomediated pathogenesis. In the last years, the comprehension of the complex mechanisms involved in the intestinal mucosal homeostasis, and the analysis of the alterations potentially leading to inflammatory pathologic states, has consistently increased. Specifically, the extraordinary impulse in the field of research of the intestinal microbiome has opened the door to the investigation of possible novel approaches to the diagnosis, management and therapeutic applications in IBD. In line with that, administration of probiotic bacteria has been intensely evaluated, leading to much more exciting results in experimental models than in clinical practice. Considering the consistent heterogeneity of the available studies on probiotics, the increased knowledge of the properties of the single bacterial species would ideally lead to unravel potential mechanisms of action that may bring therapeutic applications in specific pathologic condition. Among the relevant molecular pathways for mucosal homeostasis maintenance, the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway has been intensely studied in the very last years. In fact, besides osteometabolic functions, the vitamin D exerts important homeostatic effects in the organism at multiple levels, such as immunomodulation, inflammation control, and microbiota regulation, which are likely to play a relevant role in intestinal mucosa protection. In the present review, recent findings about probiotic applications in IBD and mechanisms of action linking vitamin D/VDR pathway to IBD are reported. Available evidence for probiotic effect on vitamin D/VDR are reviewed and potential future application in IBD patients are discussed. At present, many aspects of IBD pathogenesis are still obscure, and current therapeutic options for IBD treatment are at best suboptimal. The increasing comprehension of the different pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis will lead to novel findings ideally leading to potential clinical applications. Microbiota manipulation and vitamin/VDR pathway appear a promising field for future research and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pagnini
- Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, AO S. Giovanni Addolorata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Di Paolo
- Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, AO S. Giovanni Addolorata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Delle Fave
- Gastroenterologia, Università "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Onlus "S. Andrea", Rome, Italy
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Wu MY, Wang EJ, Feng D, Li M, Ye RD, Lu JH. Pharmacological insights into autophagy modulation in autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3364-3378. [PMID: 34900523 PMCID: PMC8642426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cellular bulk degradation and survival mechanism, autophagy is implicated in diverse biological processes. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating that autophagy dysregulation may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. A series of autophagy modulators have displayed protective effects on autoimmune disease models, highlighting the emerging role of autophagy modulators in treating autoimmune diseases. This review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune diseases, with emphasis on four major autoimmune diseases [SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IBD, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)]. More importantly, the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy modulators (including autophagy inducers and inhibitors) on autoimmune diseases are comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Er-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Richard D. Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
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Yuksel M, Demir B, Mizikoğlu Ö, Akyildiz M, Baygul A, Arikan C. Course of vitamin D levels before and after liver transplantation in pediatric patients. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e14049. [PMID: 34076935 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 25-hydroxy VD insufficiency is known in children undergoing LT but the serial post-transplant VD course and supplementation modalities in the peri-transplant period are lacking. We aimed to determine the pre-VD status and the post-transplant VD status course following VD supplementation and to elucidate its relationship with post-transplant outcome parameters such as infection and survival. METHODS Pre- and post-VD levels were monitored in parallel with interventions to adjust VD levels in LT patients. VD status was categorized as circulating levels <30-21 ng/ml (insufficiency), 20-10 ng/ml (deficiency), and <10 ng/ml (severe deficiency). Patients received stoss (300000IU) VD3 within the pretransplant period if serum levels were <20 ng/ml. RESULTS 135 transplanted children were included. The age at LT was 22 months (IQR: 8-60). The pretransplant median VD level was 14 ng/ml. Despite stoss dose, post-transplant median VD level was 1.8 ng/ml (day one), 4 ng/ml (week one), 19 ng/ml (month one), 33 ng/ml (month three), 38 ng/ml (months 6-12), and 40 ng/ml (month 24). After 6 months, VD status reached >30 ng/ml in 98% of patients. Only at pre-LT, higher infection rate (18.7%) in the severe VD deficiency group was observed compared to the VD deficiency group (2.9%, p = .04). Survival was not affected by serum VD levels. CONCLUSION VD levels fell substantially after LT but are rectifiable by stoss dose, which was well tolerated. Only the infection rate was associated with the VD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yuksel
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Transplantation Center, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Immunology Lab, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bariş Demir
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Transplantation Center, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Mizikoğlu
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Transplantation Center, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Akyildiz
- Liver Transplantation Center, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Baygul
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Arikan
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Transplantation Center, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Immunology Lab, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
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Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113708. [PMID: 34835964 PMCID: PMC8620690 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children.
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Pinnawala NU, Thrastardottir TO, Constantinou C. Keeping a Balance During the Pandemic: a Narrative Review on the Important Role of Micronutrients in Preventing Infection and Reducing Complications of COVID-19. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:200-210. [PMID: 33948913 PMCID: PMC8096627 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak has manifested into a major public health concern across the globe, affecting particularly the most vulnerable population groups. Currently, there are various clinical trials being conducted to develop effective treatments. It is estimated that it could take one or more years before these drugs pass all safety tests and concrete results with regard to their effectiveness become available. In addition, despite the recent development of vaccines (licensed for use under conditional licenses) and the commencement of COVID-19 vaccination programs in several countries, there is still a need for safe and novel strategies that may reduce the symptomatology and/or prevent the severe complications associated with COVID-19. Natural compounds previously shown to have antiviral potential should be thoroughly considered and investigated for use in prophylactic treatment of COVID-19 due to their availability and safety. RECENT FINDINGS The current narrative review investigates whether there is evidence in the literature that supplementation with dietary minerals and vitamins may have a role in preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2 or in reducing COVID-19 symptomatology and disease progression. The current evidence from the literature supports that zinc and vitamin C have a potential in reducing the inflammatory response associated with SARS-CoV-2 while folate and vitamin D may have a role in antagonizing the entry of SARs-CoV-2 virus in host calls. Thus, further research should be conducted that could lead to the development of nutritional supplements involving natural and widely available compounds such as zinc, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin D. The latter could be an effective, safe, and inexpensive way to either prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or lessen the burden of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ushmantha Pinnawala
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tinna Osk Thrastardottir
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantina Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Vassiliou AG, Jahaj E, Orfanos SE, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A. Vitamin D in infectious complications in critically ill patients with or without COVID-19. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100106. [PMID: 34250458 PMCID: PMC8261135 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is an important immunomodulator, whose deficiency may aggravate the incidence and outcome of infectious complications in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The most recognized extra-skeletal action of vitamin D is the regulation of immune function. Host defense against intracellular pathogens depends upon both innate and adaptive immunity. It has been suggested that vitamin D regulates the pro-inflammatory endothelial response to lipopolysaccharide, rendering it a role in the sepsis cascade. Recent studies have indicated that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with worse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as more severe disease and higher mortality rates. To this end, clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation are being carried out in an effort to improve COVID-19 outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the role of vitamin D in the immune response, and more specifically its effect on immune cells. Subsequently, we will provide an overview of the studies that have investigated the predictive value of vitamin D in critical illness outcomes, and its therapeutic value as a supplement in critically ill patients. Finally, the emerging role of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 infection risk, and worse outcomes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Edison Jahaj
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
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Singh A, Khurana A, Sardana K, Dixit N, Chitkara A. Correlation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Interleukin-17 Levels with Disease Severity in Acne Vulgaris. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:291-296. [PMID: 34446953 PMCID: PMC8375544 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_551_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association of Vitamin D (vit.D) and Interleukin 17 (IL-17) with acne vulgaris is uncertain in spite of induction of IL-17 by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and the role of vit.D in various inflammatory skin disorders including acne. The objectives of present study were to evaluate the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] and IL-17 in acne patients and age- and sex-matched controls and to compare them with the severity of acne as measured by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Methods: The study included 50 patients of acne and 30 healthy controls. Serum 25(OH) D and IL-17 levels were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 28% of patients with acne but only in 6.7% of the healthy controls (P value 0.022). The levels of 25(OH)D were inversely associated with the severity of acne (P < 0.001). The mean serum IL-17 levels were significantly raised (P < 0.001) in acne patients (8.215 ± 5.33 pg/mL) as compared to controls (2.486 ± 2.12 pg/mL). A significant rise in levels of IL-17 was observed with the severity of acne (P < 0.001). Further, a highly significant negative correlation (Correlation Coefficient: -0.668) was noted between serum IL-17 and 25(OH) D levels along with disease severity in acne patients (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: Raised IL-17 levels in acne correlate negatively with vit.D deficiency and both are significantly more prevalent in patients with acne as compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Niharika Dixit
- Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anubhuti Chitkara
- Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry, PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Pillar S, Amer R. The association between vitamin D and uveitis: A comprehensive review. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:321-330. [PMID: 34343538 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. We review published data on the relationship between uveitis and vitamin D levels or vitamin D-associated gene polymorphisms. A search of the PubMed and Medline databases was conducted to identify relevant articles concerning vitamin D and uveitis. Sixteen studies were included in this review, and the evidence they present, linking low vitamin D levels with uveitis, is compelling. The uveitic entities shown to be modulated by hypovitaminosis D include, but are not limited to, HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, sarcoidosis-associated uveitis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Specific polymorphisms of vitamin D family genes were found to correlate with uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, VKH, and HLA B27-positive patients. Further understanding of the role of vitamin D, a known regulator of inflammatory processes, in noninfectious uveitis may advance capabilities in the fields of disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Pillar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Piloya TW, Bakeera–Kitaka S, Kisitu GP, Idro R, Cusick SE. Vitamin D status and associated factors among HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253689. [PMID: 34166428 PMCID: PMC8224887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high prevalence of suboptimal serum vitamin D has been reported among HIV infected children even in countries with high sunshine abundance throughout the year. Vitamin D is a potent immune modulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D regulates immune responses through the vitamin D receptor on CD4 cells. We aimed to determine the vitamin D status of HIV infected children and factors associated with suboptimal vitamin D. Methods This was a cross sectional study. We enrolled children aged between 6 months and 12 years attending an outpatient paediatric HIV clinic. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using the electrochemoluminisence method. Suboptimal vitamin D was defined as 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 21–29 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml respectively. Anthropometry, physical exam and medical history were documented. Logistic regression was performed. Results We enrolled 376 children with mean age (sd) 8.05 years (3.03), a median (IQR) duration of ART of 5.9 years (3.2–8.4). Majority of the children (64%) had been exposed to non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A third were severely immunosuppressed (CD4% ≤15%) at ART initiation. At the time of the study, the majority (89%) were virologically suppressed (VL <1000 copies/ml). Prevalence of 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 49 (13%) of 375 participants and 11 (3%) had 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. Lopinavir/ritonavir regimen was independently associated with 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml; OR 0.27 CI (0.13–0.57), p value-0.002. Serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml was associated with CD4 count ≤15% at ART initiation OR 6.55(1.30–32.9), p value—0.023 and use of NNRTIs; OR 10.9(1.22–96.2), p value—0.03. Conclusion We found a low prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D compared to earlier reports. Severe immunosuppression at ART initiation and use of NNRTIs increases odds of deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered in severely immunosuppressed children initiating ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Were Piloya
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrina Bakeera–Kitaka
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Paul Kisitu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Paediatric Centre of Excellence, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Idro
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah E. Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Sudjaritruk T, Bunupuradah T, Aurpibul L, Kanjanavanit S, Chotecharoentanan T, Sricharoen N, Ounchanum P, Suntarattiwong P, Pornpaisalsakul K, Puthanakit T. Impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density and bone metabolism among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1555-1564. [PMID: 34125899 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation(VitD/Ca) on lumbar spine bone mineral density(LSBMD) and bone metabolism among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV(PHIVA). METHODS A multicenter, randomized, active-control, open-labeled trial was conducted. PHIVA(aged10-20years) who were on stable cART were enrolled. Baseline LSBMD status was defined as low(z-score≤-2) and normal(z-score>-2). Eligible PHIVA were randomly assigned to receive standard-dose VitD/Ca (400IU/1,200mg daily), or high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation (400IU/1,200mg daily plus ergocalciferol 20,000IU weekly) for 48 weeks (ratio 1:1,stratified by baseline LSBMD). Study outcomes were the changes in LSBMD, LSBMD z-scores, and bone metabolism-related biomarkers (25-hydoxyvitamin D[25OHD], intact parathyroid hormone[iPTH], C-terminal telopeptide[CTX], procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide[PINP]) from baseline to week48. RESULTS Among 200 enrolled PHIVA, a median age was 16 (IQR:14-18)years; 61% were on NNRTI-based cART. The median 25OHD level was 25.5 (IQR:20.8-33.0)ng/ml. After a 48-week VitD/Ca supplementation, LSBMD significantly increased in both treatment groups (high-dose,median:+0.07g/cm 2,IQR:+0.04 to +0.11g/cm 2,P<0.001; standard-dose,median:+0.09g/cm 2, IQR:+0.03 to +0.13g/cm 2,P<0.001). Notably, the change in LSBMD z-scores was significantly greater in high-dose versus standard-dose groups (median:+0.4,IQR:-0.1 to +0.9 versus median:+0.1,IQR:-0.4 to +0.7;P=0.02). The levels of 25OHD increased, whereas iPTH, CTX, and PINP declined significantly in both groups(P<0.05); but no between-group differences were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Over the 48-week VitD/Ca supplementation, significant increase in LSBMD, and significant decreases in bone metabolism-related markers were observed among our Thai PHIVA in both treatment groups. The improvement in LSBMD z-score was more enhanced with high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation compared with standard-dose. High-dose VitD/Ca supplementation might be considered to promote bone health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavitiya Sudjaritruk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Torsak Bunupuradah
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Linda Aurpibul
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Natthanidnan Sricharoen
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Krittaporn Pornpaisalsakul
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Acen EL, Biraro IA, Worodria W, Joloba ML, Nkeeto B, Musaazi J, Kateete DP. Impact of vitamin D status and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide on adults with active pulmonary TB globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252762. [PMID: 34115790 PMCID: PMC8195352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis remains a global threat and a public health problem that has eluded attempts to eradicate it. Low vitamin D levels have been identified as a risk factor for tuberculosis infection and disease. The human cathelicidin LL-37 has both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties and is dependent on vitamin D status. This systematic review attempts to compare vitamin D andLL-37 levels among adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients to non-pulmonary TB individuals between 16-75 years globally and to determine the association between vitamin D and cathelicidin and any contributing factor among the two study groups. METHODS/DESIGN We performed a search, through PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, and databases. A narrative synthesis through evaluation of vitamin D and LL-37 levels, the association of vitamin D and LL-37, and other variables in individual primary studies were performed. A random-effect model was performed and weighted means were pooled at a 95% confidence interval. This protocol is registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42019127232. RESULTS Of the 2507 articles selected12 studies were eligible for the systematic review and of these only nine were included in the meta-analysis for vitamin D levels and six for LL-37 levels. Eight studies were performed in Asia, three in Europe, and only one study in Africa. The mean age of the participants was 37.3±9.9 yrs. We found low vitamin D and high cathelicidin levels among the tuberculosis patients compared to non-tuberculosis individuals to non-tuberculosis. A significant difference was observed in both vitamin D and LL-37 levels among tuberculosis patients and non-tuberculosis individuals (p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that active pulmonary tuberculosis disease is associated with hypovitaminosis D and elevated circulatory cathelicidin levels with low local LL-37 expression. This confirms that vitamin D status has a protective role against tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lilian Acen
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia Biraro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Unit Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - William Worodria
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bill Nkeeto
- Department of Policy and Development Economics, School of Economics, College of Business and Management Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Musaazi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Patrick Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
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Effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood markers in ulcerative colitis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:23-35. [PMID: 34075433 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have shown that vitamin D levels are inversely related to ulcerative colitis activity, yet evidence from population interventions remains inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials to clarify the effect of vitamin D on blood markers in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched for studies published before June 2020. Information was collected regarding serum vitamin D levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and Ca (calcium), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and ulcerative colitis disease activity index (UCDAI) research data. RESULTS Seven studies (n = 539) were included in the meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in significant improvements in the serum vitamin D levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% CI (0.36, 1.03), P < 0.001), ESR (weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 1.10, 95% CI (- 1.97, - 0.24), P = 0.01), CRP (SMD = - 0.43, 95% CI (- 0.67, - 0.20), P = 0.0003), and Ca (SMD = 0.92, 95% CI (0.09, 1.74), P = 0.03) but not in other outcomes. According to subgroup analysis, supplementation with vitamin D at a dose of ≥ 300,000 IU/day can improve serum vitamin D levels. Supplementation with a sufficient dose of vitamin D in a short period of time can also improve serum vitamin D levels. According to GRADE method evaluation, the evidence quality was classified as low for the Serum Vitamin D Level and ESR, and very low for the CRP, PTH, Ca, and UCDAI. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo control interventions, vitamin D supplementation seemed to be an effective intervention for patients with ulcerative colitis. Different doses of vitamin D and durations of intervention produce different effects. However, due to the limitation of the quality of the included studies, the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies and weak clinical recommendations.
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Roy S, Bagchi B. Fluctuation theory of immune response: A statistical mechanical approach to understand pathogen induced T-cell population dynamics. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:045107. [PMID: 32752668 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this period of intense interest in human immunity, we attempt here to quantify the immune response against pathogen invasion through T-cell population dynamics. Borrowing concepts from equilibrium statistical mechanics, we introduce a new description of the immune response function (IMRF) in terms of fluctuations in the population number of relevant biological cells (effector and regulatory T-cells). We use a coarse-grained chemical reaction network model (CG-CRNM) to calculate the number fluctuations and show that the response function derived as such can, indeed, capture the crossover observed in a T-cell driven immune response. We employ the network model to learn the effect of vitamin-D as an immunomodulator. We solve our CG-CRNM using a stochastic Gillespie algorithm. Depending on the effector T-cell concentration, we can classify immune regulation regimes into three categories: weak, strong, and moderate. The IMRF is found to behave differently in these three regimes. A damped cross-regulatory behavior found in the dynamics of effector and regulatory T-cell concentration in the diseased states correlates well with the same found in a cohort of patients with specific malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Importantly, the crossover from the weakly regulated steady state to the other (the strongly regulated) is accompanied by a divergence-like growth in the fluctuation of both the effector and the regulatory T-cell concentration, characteristic of a dynamic phase transition. We believe such steady-state IMRF analyses could help not only to phase-separate different immune stages but also aid in the valuable connection between autoimmunity, optimal vitamin-D, and consequences of immunosuppressive stress and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Campus Road, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Biman Bagchi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Briceno Noriega D, Savelkoul HFJ. Vitamin D and Allergy Susceptibility during Gestation and Early Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:1015. [PMID: 33801051 PMCID: PMC8003945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of allergies in young children, but also vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborns is rising. Vitamin D modulates the development and activity of the immune system and a low vitamin D status during pregnancy and in early life might be associated with an increased risk to develop an allergy during early childhood. This review studies the effects of vitamin D during gestation and early life, on allergy susceptibility in infants. The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, inhibits maturation and results in immature dendritic cells that cause a decreased differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells. Nevertheless, the development of regulatory T cells and the production of interleukin-10 was increased. Consequently, a more tolerogenic immune response developed against antigens. Secondly, binding of 1,25(OH)2D to epithelial cells induces the expression of tight junction proteins resulting in enhanced epithelial barrier function. Thirdly, 1,25(OH)2D increased the expression of anti-microbial peptides by epithelial cells that also promoted the defense mechanism against pathogens, by preventing an invasive penetration of pathogens. Immune intervention by vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the disease burden from asthma and allergy. In conclusion, our review indicates that a sufficient vitamin D status during gestation and early life can lower the susceptibility to develop an allergy in infants although there remains a need for more causal evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, Bleier B, DeConde A, Luong AU, Poetker DM, Soler Z, Welch KC, Wise SK, Adappa N, Alt JA, Anselmo-Lima WT, Bachert C, Baroody FM, Batra PS, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Beswick D, Bhattacharyya N, Chandra RK, Chang EH, Chiu A, Chowdhury N, Citardi MJ, Cohen NA, Conley DB, DelGaudio J, Desrosiers M, Douglas R, Eloy JA, Fokkens WJ, Gray ST, Gudis DA, Hamilos DL, Han JK, Harvey R, Hellings P, Holbrook EH, Hopkins C, Hwang P, Javer AR, Jiang RS, Kennedy D, Kern R, Laidlaw T, Lal D, Lane A, Lee HM, Lee JT, Levy JM, Lin SY, Lund V, McMains KC, Metson R, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Oakley G, Otori N, Palmer JN, Parikh SR, Passali D, Patel Z, Peters A, Philpott C, Psaltis AJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Ramanathan M, Roh HJ, Rudmik L, Sacks R, Schlosser RJ, Sedaghat AR, Senior BA, Sindwani R, Smith K, Snidvongs K, Stewart M, Suh JD, Tan BK, Turner JH, van Drunen CM, Voegels R, Wang DY, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Wright ED, Yan C, Zhang L, Zhou B. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:213-739. [PMID: 33236525 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence-based findings of the document. METHODS ICAR-RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence-based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence-based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. RESULTS ICAR-RS-2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence-based management algorithm is provided. CONCLUSION This ICAR-RS-2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence-based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amber U Luong
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Zachary Soler
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Claus Bachert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sun Yatsen University, Gangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Gudis
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Richard Harvey
- University of New South Wales and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Amin R Javer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valerie Lund
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | - Kevin C McMains
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- IDIBAPS Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alkis J Psaltis
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Luke Rudmik
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Sacks
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Carol Yan
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Günther F, Fleck M, Straub R. Wechselwirkungen zwischen neuroendokrinem System und Immunsystem bei chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1322-9936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungHormonelle und neuronale Signalwege können die Manifestation einer chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankung entweder begünstigen oder verhindern. Bei bereits manifester Erkrankung modulieren Hormone und Neurotransmitter den Krankheitsverlauf, in dem sie die Krankheitsaktivität erhöhen oder abschwächen. Beispiele hierfür sind der entzündungshemmende Einfluss der körpereigenen und exogenen Glukokortikoide und die entzündungsfördernden Effekte von Stress bei chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen. Bei chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen ringt das aktivierte Immunsystem mit dem Gehirn und anderen Organsystemen um Energie, was zu vielfältigen Erkrankungsfolgen und Folgeerkrankungen führt: „sickness behaviour“ mit Fatigue-Symptomatik und depressiven Symptomen, Schlafstörungen, Anorexie, Fehl- und Mangelernährung, Knochenabbau, Muskelabbau und kachektische Fettsucht, Insulinresistenz mit Hyperinsulinämie (begleitet von einer Resistenz gegenüber dem Insulin-like growth factor 1), Dyslipidämie, Veränderungen der Steroidhormonachsen, Störungen der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Gonaden-Achse, erhöhter Sympathikotonus, herabgesetzte Aktivität des parasympathischen Nervensystems, arterielle Hypertonie und Volumenbelastung, Entzündungsanämie und zirkadiane Rhythmik der Symptomausprägung. Diese für die Patienten gravierenden Folgeerkrankungen, welche den chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen inhärent sind, sollten konsequent therapiert werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Günther
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Martin Fleck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Rainer Straub
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
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Singh A, Dorjay K, Sinha S, Chitkara A. The interplay of vitamin D and body mass index in acne patients vs. controls. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3689-3694. [PMID: 33655695 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous units and manifests with polymorphic lesions. Vitamin D acts at various stages in its pathogenesis. Recently, vitamin D and metabolic syndrome have shown to be associated with acne vulgaris and its severity. AIMS To see the effects of serum 25(OH)D3 levels and body mass index on acne vulgaris and their correlation with the severity of acne. PATIENTS/METHODS Fifty patients of acne vulgaris and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited. Global Acne Grading System was used to grade the acne severity. Body mass index of all patients and control group was calculated, and serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 28% of patients with acne but only in 6.7% of the healthy controls (p value 0.022). However, there was no significant difference in mean serum 25(OH)D levels in acne patients and controls. Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 60% of the very severe and 33% of the severe acne cases. Eighty percent of patients with very severe acne and 73.33% of severe acne patients had high body mass index. The relationship between severity of acne and body mass index was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in acne, and with the increase in severity of acne, an inverse relation between serum levels of vitamin D and body mass index was seen, but statistically significant relation was found only in the very severe cases of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Department of Dermatology, ABVIMS & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Konchok Dorjay
- Department of Dermatology, ABVIMS & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, ABVIMS & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anubhuti Chitkara
- Department of Biochemistry, ABVIMS & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Pagnini C, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Bruzzese V, Lorenzetti R, Luchetti MM, Martin Martin LS, Pica R, Scolieri P, Scribano ML, Zampaletta C, Chimenti MS, Lagana B. Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052456. [PMID: 33671090 PMCID: PMC7957646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the comprehension of the pathophysiology of bone metabolism and its interconnections with multiple homeostatic processes has been consistently expanded. The branch of osteoimmunology specifically investigating the link between bone and immune system has been developed. Among molecular mediators potentially relevant in this field, vitamin D has been recently pointed out, and abnormalities of the vitamin D axis have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and arthritis. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients affected by IBD and chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus suggesting the intriguing possibility of impacting the disease activity by the administration vitamin D supplements. In the present review, the complex interwoven link between vitamin D signaling, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and the immune system was examined. Potential clinical application exploiting vitamin D pathway in the context of IBD and arthritis is presented and critically discussed. A more detailed comprehension of the vitamin D effects and interactions at molecular level would allow one to achieve a novel therapeutic approach in gastro-rheumatologic inflammatory diseases through the design of specific trials and the optimization of treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Bruzzese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Michele Maria Luchetti
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Roberta Pica
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Palma Scolieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | | | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Lagana
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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Acevedo N, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Caraballo L, Ding M, Ferrante A, Garn H, Garssen J, Hii CS, Irvine J, Llinás-Caballero K, López JF, Miethe S, Perveen K, Pogge von Strandmann E, Sokolowska M, Potaczek DP, van Esch BCAM. Perinatal and Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Allergy. Nutrients 2021; 13:724. [PMID: 33668787 PMCID: PMC7996340 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and the prevalence of allergic diseases over the last several decades. Environmental triggers including risk factors (e.g., pollution), the loss of rural living conditions (e.g., farming conditions), and nutritional status (e.g., maternal, breastfeeding) are considered major contributors to this increase. The influences of these environmental factors are thought to be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms which are heritable, reversible, and biologically relevant biochemical modifications of the chromatin carrying the genetic information without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. An important feature characterizing epigenetically-mediated processes is the existence of a time frame where the induced effects are the strongest and therefore most crucial. This period between conception, pregnancy, and the first years of life (e.g., first 1000 days) is considered the optimal time for environmental factors, such as nutrition, to exert their beneficial epigenetic effects. In the current review, we discussed the impact of the exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungal components, microbiome metabolites, and specific nutritional components (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, plant- and animal-derived microRNAs, breast milk) on the epigenetic patterns related to allergic manifestations. We gave insight into the epigenetic signature of bioactive milk components and the effects of specific nutrition on neonatal T cell development. Several lines of evidence suggest that atypical metabolic reprogramming induced by extrinsic factors such as allergens, viruses, pollutants, diet, or microbiome might drive cellular metabolic dysfunctions and defective immune responses in allergic disease. Therefore, we described the current knowledge on the relationship between immunometabolism and allergy mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The knowledge as presented will give insight into epigenetic changes and the potential of maternal and post-natal nutrition on the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Mei Ding
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James Irvine
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin Llinás-Caballero
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Juan Felipe López
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Khalida Perveen
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chowdhury F, Shahid ASMSB, Tabassum M, Parvin I, Ghosh PK, Hossain MI, Alam NH, Faruque ASG, Huq S, Shahrin L, Homaira N, Hassan Z, Akhtar Z, Mah-E-Muneer S, Fuchs GJ, Ahmed T, Chisti MJ. Vitamin D supplementation among Bangladeshi children under-five years of age hospitalised for severe pneumonia: A randomised placebo controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246460. [PMID: 33606713 PMCID: PMC7894897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is important for its immunomodulatory role and there is an independent association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia. We assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the outcome in children hospitalized for severe pneumonia. METHODS This was a randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in children aged >2-59 months with severe pneumonia attending Dhaka Hospital, icddr,b. Children received age-specific megadose of vitamin D3 (20,000IU: <6 months, 50,000 IU: 6-12 months, 100,000 IU:13-59 months) or placebo on first day and 10,000 IU as maintenance dose for next 4 days or until discharge (if discharged earlier) along with standard therapy. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02185196. FINDINGS We enrolled 100 children in placebo group and 97 in vitamin D group. On admission, 50 (52%) and 49 (49%) of children in vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively were vitamin D deficient. Among children with a sufficient serum vitamin D level on admission, a lower trend for duration of resolution of severe pneumonia in hours [72(IQR:44-96)vs. 88(IQR:48-132);p = 0.07] and duration of hospital stay in days [4(IQR:3-5)vs.5(IQR:4-7);P = 0.09] was observed in vitamin D group compared to placebo. No beneficial effect was observed in vitamin D deficient group or irrespective of vitamin D status. CONCLUSION Age-specific mega dose of vitamin D followed by a maintenance dose shown to have no statistical difference between the two intervention groups, however there was a trend of reduction of time to recovery from pneumonia and overall duration of hospital stay in under-five children with a sufficient serum vitamin D level on hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mosharrat Tabassum
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irin Parvin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Probir Kumar Ghosh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Haque Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A. S. G. Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayeeda Huq
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lubaba Shahrin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zakiul Hassan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zubair Akhtar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. Mah-E-Muneer
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - George J. Fuchs
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Departments of Epidemiology and of Preventative Medicine and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dysregulation of the gut-brain-skin axis and key overlapping inflammatory and immune mechanisms of psoriasis and depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111065. [PMID: 33540138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence, progression and recurrence of psoriasis are thought to be related to mood and psychological disorders such as depression. Psoriasis can lead to depression, and depression, in turn, exacerbates psoriasis. No specific mechanism can explain the association between psoriasis and depression. The gut-brain-skin axis has been used to explain correlations among the gut microbiota, emotional states and systemic and skin inflammation, and this axis may be associated with overlapping mechanisms between psoriasis and depression. Therefore, in the context of the gut-brain-skin axis, we systematically summarized and comparatively analysed the inflammatory and immune mechanisms of psoriasis and depression and illustrated the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the gut microbiota. This review provides a theoretical basis and new targets for the treatment of psoriasis and depression.
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73
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Alnori H, Alassaf FA, Alfahad M, Qazzaz ME, Jasim M, Abed MN. Vitamin D and Immunoglobulin E Status in Allergic Rhinitis Patients Compared to Healthy People. J Med Life 2021; 13:463-468. [PMID: 33456593 PMCID: PMC7803312 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type of inflammatory condition that includes a group of symptoms, mainly affecting the nasal mucosa. Nasal obstruction, sneezing, stuffy or runny nose, in addition to swollen, itchy, red and watery eyes are the most common symptoms of the disease. These symptoms are triggered as a result of increased inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes. Studies have recently shown the role of vitamin D (vit.D) in many allergic and immune conditions, where receptors for the active form of vit.D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) have been discovered on the surface of almost all types of inflammatory cells. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the level of vit. D in AR patients and its correlation with the severity of the disease. Two groups participated in the study; the first group included 49 patients who were diagnosed in a private otolaryngology clinic by the first author as having allergic rhinitis (AR group). The second one served as a control group and included 50 apparently healthy volunteers with no history of AR. The mean level of IgE and vit. D was found to be 326.3 and 10.2 ng/ml in the AR group, respectively, and 30.8 and 23.3 ng/ml in the control group, respectively. Ninety-three percent of AR patients have shown a deficiency in vit. D level, where 56% of this group showed severe deficiency. On the other hand, 34% of the control group has shown an insufficient level of vit. D. Additionally, 64% of AR patients have shown serum levels of IgE at values ranging between 100-299 ng/ml. Higher serum levels of IgE at values ranging between 300-599 ng/ml and 600-1000 ng/ml were observed in 25% and 11% of AR patients, respectively. The prevalence of low levels of vit. D in the AR group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Vit. D deficiency is significantly related to severe AR symptoms and measuring serum vit. D level is recommended in the management plan of this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Alnori
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | | | - Mohanad Alfahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohannad Emad Qazzaz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mahmood Jasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Najim Abed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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74
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Boulkrane MS, Ilina V, Melchakov R, Fedotova J, Drago F, Gozzo L, Das UN, Abd El-Aty AM, Baranenko D. COVID-19 Disease and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604579. [PMID: 33390994 PMCID: PMC7773655 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.604579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, for which there is no effective treatment except employing prevention strategies, has already instituted significant number of deaths. In this review, we provide a scientific view on the potential role of vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 virus/COVID-19 disease. Vitamin D is well-known to play a significant role in maintaining the immune health of an individual. Moreover, it induces antimicrobial peptide expression that can decrease viral replication and regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, supplementation of vitamin D has the potential to reduce the incidence, severity and the risk of death from pneumonia resulting from the cytokine storm of many viral infections including COVID-19. We suggest that supplementation of subjects at high risk of COVID-19 with vitamin D (1.000 to 3.000 IU) to maintain its optimum serum concentrations may be of significant benefit for both in the prevention and treatment of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Said Boulkrane
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Ilina
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman Melchakov
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Denis Baranenko
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Cepon-Robins TJ. Measuring attack on self: The need for field-friendly methods development and research on autoimmunity in human biology. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33. [PMID: 33289250 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune and inflammatory disorder (AIID) prevalence appears to be increasing in all but the world's poorest regions and countries. Autoimmune diseases occur when there is a breakdown in processes that regulate inflammation and self-recognition by immune cells. Very few field-based studies have been conducted among Indigenous populations and underserved communities with limited access to medical care. This is due, in part, to the fact that autoimmune diseases are difficult to diagnose, even in clinical settings. In remote field settings these difficulties are compounded by the absence of infrastructure necessary for sample storage and analysis, and the lack of hospital/clinic access for more invasive diagnostic procedures. Because of these limitations, little is known about the prevalence of autoimmunity outside wealthy regions and clinical settings. AIMS The present paper discusses why AIID are of critical importance in human biology research and why more work needs to be devoted to validating, testing, and utilizing methods for detecting autoantibodies and other biomarkers related to autoimmunity in field-friendly, minimally invasively-collected samples. This paper reviews some of the methods used to diagnose AIIDs in clinical settings, and highlights methods that have been used in studies within human biology and related fields, emphasizing the invasiveness of specific methods and their feasibility in remote field settings. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Risk for AIID is affected by several reproductive, dietary, environmental, and genetic factors. Human biologists have unique perspectives that they can bring to autoimmunity research, and more population-based studies on autoimmunity are needed within these and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Kettelhut A, Bowman E, Funderburg NT. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Strategies to Reduce Comorbidity Risk in People with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 17:394-404. [PMID: 32535769 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we will discuss treatment interventions targeting drivers of immune activation and chronic inflammation in PWH. RECENT FINDINGS Potential treatment strategies to prevent the progression of comorbidities in PWH have been identified. These studies include, among others, the use of statins to modulate lipid alterations and subsequent innate immune receptor activation, probiotics to restore healthy gut microbiota and reduce microbial translocation, hydroxychloroquine to reduce immune activation by altering Toll-like receptors function and expression, and canakinumab to block the action of a major pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Although many of the treatment strategies discussed here show promise, due to the complex nature of chronic inflammation and comorbidities in PWH, larger clinical studies are needed to understand and target the prominent drivers and inflammatory cascades underlying these end-organ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaren Kettelhut
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Bowman
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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77
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Mahmoud SB, Anwar MK, Shaker OG, El Sharkawy DA. Possible Relation between Vitamin D and Interleukin-17 in the Pathogenesis of Lichen Planus. Dermatology 2020; 237:896-901. [PMID: 33091918 DOI: 10.1159/000510539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Interleukin (IL)-17 is the signature cytokine of T-helper 17 cells, involved in the aetiology of many autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Vitamin D has an immune-regulatory role and suppresses IL-17 production via direct transcriptional inhibition of IL-17 gene expression. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship of IL-17 and vitamin D levels with LP, and the possible inter-relationship between IL-17 and vitamin D. METHODS The study enrolled 30 patients with LP and 30 healthy controls. Blood samples and skin biopsies were taken from all participants for evaluation of serum vitamin D, and serum and tissue IL-17 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Patients had significantly higher serum and tissue IL-17 (p < 0.001 for both), as well as significantly lower serum vitamin D levels and more deficient patterns of vitamin D status than controls (p < 0.001 for both). In the patient group, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between extent of the disease and serum IL-17. There was no direct statistical correlation between IL-17 levels and serum vitamin D in either patients or controls. CONCLUSION This study confirms a previously suggested role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of LP and suggests its relation to the extent and severity of the disease. We also found an association between vitamin D deficiency and LP. However, a direct relationship between IL-17 and vitamin D deficiency could not be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bahaa Mahmoud
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,
| | | | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Oktaria V, Graham SM, Triasih R, Soenarto Y, Bines JE, Ponsonby AL, Clarke MW, Dinari R, Nirwati H, Danchin M. The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239603. [PMID: 33017838 PMCID: PMC7535980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency in infants has been associated with an increased risk of a number of diseases but there are limited data on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency from tropical settings with high infant morbidity and mortality. Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in infants at birth and at six months of age in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Design Serum vitamin D of eligible infants was measured in cord blood at birth and at six months of age. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) were collected prospectively monthly from birth and concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Independent risk factors were identified by multiple logistic regression. Results Between December 2015 to December 2017, 350 maternal-newborn participants were recruited and followed up. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 90% (308/344) of cord blood samples and 13% (33/255) of venous blood samples at six months. Longer time outdoors (≥2 hours per day) and maternal multivitamin intake containing vitamin D during pregnancy were protective against vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.90 and AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.68, respectively). Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency at six months included lower cumulative skin-sun exposure score (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20), severe vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 7.73, 95% CI: 1.20–49.60) and exclusive breastfeeding (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.07–6.49) until six months. Among exclusively breast fed (EBF) infants, a higher skin-sun exposure score was associated with reduced vitamin D deficiency risk. Conclusion In equatorial regions, the role of ‘safe’ morning sun exposure in infants and mothers in populations with medium to dark brown skin pigmentation and effective interventions to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns and EBF infants, need further consideration and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicka Oktaria
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen M. Graham
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rina Triasih
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie E. Bines
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rizka Dinari
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hera Nirwati
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Margaret Danchin
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D in composite musculoskeletal trauma. Injury 2020; 51:2099-2109. [PMID: 32624209 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Composite tissue injuries are the result of high energy impacts caused by motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds or blasts. These are highly traumatic injuries characterized by wide-spread, penetrating wounds affecting the entire musculoskeletal system, and are generally defined by frank volumetric muscle loss with concomitant segmental bone defects. At the tissue level, the breadth of damage to multiple tissue systems, and potential for infection from penetration, have been shown to lead to an exaggerated, often chronic inflammatory response with subsequent dysregulation of normal musculoskeletal healing mechanisms. Aside from the direct effects of inflammation on myogenesis and osteogenesis, frank muscle loss has been shown to directly impair fracture union and ultimately contribute to failed wound regeneration. Care for these injuries requires extensive surgical intervention and acute care strategies. However, often these interventions do not adequately mitigate inflammation or promote proper musculoskeletal injury repair and force amputation of the limb. Therefore, identification of factors that can promote tissue regeneration and mitigate inflammation could be key to restoring wound healing after composite tissue injury. One such factor that may directly affect both inflammation and tissue regeneration in response to these multi-tissue injuries may be Vitamin D. Beyond traditional roles, the pleiotropic and localized actions of Vitamin D are increasingly being recognized in most aspects of wound healing in complex tissue injuries - e.g., regulation of inflammation, myogenesis, fracture callus mineralization and remodeling. Conversely, pre-existing Vitamin D deficiency leads to musculoskeletal dysfunction, increased fracture risk or fracture non-unions, decreased strength/function and reduced capacity to heal wounds through increased inflammation. This Vitamin D deficient state requires acute supplementation in order to quickly restore circulating levels to an optimal level, thereby facilitating a robust wound healing response. Herein, the purpose of this review is to address the roles and critical functions of Vitamin D throughout the wound healing process. Findings from this review suggest that careful monitoring and/or supplementation of Vitamin D may be critical for wound regeneration in composite tissue injuries.
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Radiation Exposure Predicts Reported Vaccine Adverse Effects in Veterans with Gulf War Illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197136. [PMID: 33003502 PMCID: PMC7579364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most people have no problems when administered vaccines; however, as with all drugs, reported adverse effects (rAEs) do occur. There is a need to better understand the potential predictors of reported vaccine AEs (rVaxAEs), including modifiable (environmental) predictors. Gulf War Veterans (GWV) who have Gulf War illness (GWI) report increased experiences of drug and chemical rAEs, extending to rVaxAEs. GWV provide an opportunity to examine the relationship between their reported exposures and rAEs. Forty one GWV with GWI and 40 healthy controls reported exposure and rAEs to exposure, including for 14 vaccines. Individual and summed vaccine exposures, rVaxAEs, and reported Vaccine AE Propensity (summed rVaxAEs/summed vaccines exposures) were compared in cases vs. controls. Exposure-outcome assessments focused on GWV, using a multivariable regression with robust standard error. More designated vaccines were reported in cases than in controls: 9.0 (2.3) vs. 3.8 (2.3), p < 0.0001. The fraction of vaccines received that led to rAEs was ten-fold higher in cases: 0.24 (0.21), vs. 0.023 (0.081), p < 0.0001. Multivariable assessment confirmed that radiation and pesticides remained significant statistical predictors of reported Vaccine AE Propensity. Exposure tied to excess rVaxAEs in GWV may contribute to, or underlie, the reported link between rVaxAEs in GWV and later ill health.
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Paul S, Judd SE, Wang HE, Gutiérrez OM. Association of FGF23 with Incident Sepsis in Community-Dwelling Adults: A Cohort Study. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:950-956. [PMID: 35369560 PMCID: PMC8815598 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000942020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone that regulates vitamin D activity. Higher circulating FGF23 concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of infection-related hospitalization, but the association of FGF23 with risk of sepsis remains unclear. METHODS We examined the association of FGF23 with incident sepsis events in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a national longitudinal cohort of black and white adults ≥45 years of age. Using a case-cohort design, we measured baseline FGF23 in 703 sepsis cases and in 991 participants randomly selected from the REGARDS cohort. We defined sepsis as the presence of a serious infection plus two or more Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria. We identified first sepsis hospitalizations during 2003-2012 by adjudicated medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of FGF23 with incident sepsis, adjusting for age, sex, race, income, education, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, chronic pulmonary disease, eGFR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. We also examined whether associations differed by age, race, sex, and CKD by testing interaction terms. RESULTS Higher FG23 concentrations were associated with greater risk of sepsis (hazard ratio [HR] per doubling of FGF23, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.54) in models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables. After further adjusting for eGFR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (HR per doubling, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.21). The results did not statistically differ by strata of age, sex, race, or CKD. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling adults, higher FGF23 concentrations were not independently associated with higher risk of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejuti Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Suzanne E. Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Henry E. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Orlando M. Gutiérrez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Vieira IH, Rodrigues D, Paiva I. Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease-Cause, Consequence, or a Vicious Cycle? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2791. [PMID: 32933065 PMCID: PMC7551884 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone traditionally connected to phosphocalcium metabolism. The discovery of pleiotropic expression of its receptor and of the enzymes involved in its metabolism has led to the exploration of the other roles of this vitamin. The influence of vitamin D on autoimmune disease-namely, on autoimmune thyroid disease-has been widely studied. Most of the existing data support a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and a greater tendency for development and/or higher titers of antibodies linked to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and/or postpartum thyroiditis. However, there have also been some reports contradicting such relationships, thus making it difficult to establish a unanimous conclusion. Even if the existence of an association between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease is assumed, it is still unclear whether it reflects a pathological mechanism, a causal relationship, or a consequence of the autoimmune process. The relationship between vitamin D's polymorphisms and this group of diseases has also been the subject of study, often with divergent results. This text presents a review of the recent literature on the relationship between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease, providing an analysis of the likely involved mechanisms. Our thesis is that, due to its immunoregulatory role, vitamin D plays a minor role in conjunction with myriad other factors. In some cases, a vicious cycle is generated, thus contributing to the deficiency and aggravating the autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Henriques Vieira
- Endocrinology Department of Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Dírcea Rodrigues
- Endocrinology Department of Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.R.); (I.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, R. Larga 2, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Endocrinology Department of Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.R.); (I.P.)
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Kempker JA, Panwar B, Judd SE, Jenny NS, Wang HE, Gutiérrez OM. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and the Longitudinal Risk of Sepsis in the REGARDS Cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1926-1931. [PMID: 30239610 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low baseline plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with increased risk of acute respiratory infections, but its association with long-term risk of sepsis remains unclear. METHODS We performed a case-cohort analysis of participants selected from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a US cohort of 30239 adults aged ≥45 years. We measured baseline plasma 25(OH)D in 711 sepsis cases and in 992 participants randomly selected from the REGARDS cohort. We captured sepsis events by screening records with International Classification of Disease methods and then adjudicating clinical charts for significant, suspected infection and severe inflammatory response syndrome criteria on presentation. RESULTS In the study sample, the median age of participants was 65.0 years, 41% self-identified as black, and 45% were male. Mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration was 25.8 ng/mL; for 31% of participants, it was <20 ng/mL. The adjusted risk of community-acquired sepsis was higher for each lower category of baseline 25(OH)D. Specifically, in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for multiple potential confounders, when compared to a baseline 25(OH)D >33.6 ng/mL, lower 25(OH)D groups were associated with higher hazards of sepsis (16.5-22.4 ng/mL; hazard ratio [HR]; 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98 to 5.21 and <16.5 ng/mL; HR, 6.81, 95% CI, 3.95 to 11.73). Results did not materially differ in analyses stratified by race or age. CONCLUSIONS In the REGARDS cohort of community-dwelling US adults, low plasma 25(OH)D measured at a time of relative health was independently associated with increased risk of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Kempker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bhupesh Panwar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nancy S Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Henry E Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Orlando M Gutiérrez
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Mikuła T, Sapuła M, Suchacz MM, Kozłowska J, Krankowska D, Stańczak W, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Risk Factors of Hypovitaminosis D in HIV-Infected Patients on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:676-680. [PMID: 32408752 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low serum vitamin D levels are very common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. In our cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and serum inflammation markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), D-dimers, platelet count (PLT)] in 148 HIV-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy [28 on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)] and 40 healthy controls. The controls were significantly older (56.6 ± 19.1 years for HIV(-) vs. 45.1 ± 11.8 years for HIV(+); p = .001) and more females were observed in this group (65% for HIV(-) vs. 16.7% for HIV(+); p = .001). The vitamin D serum level was comparable in the two studied groups (74.2 ± 35.9 nmol/L for HIV(+) vs. 78.0 ± 27.6 nnmol/L for HIV(-), p = .545). In HIV-infected group, a significant positive correlation between CD4+ cell percentage and vitamin D level was observed (r = 0.17; p = .036). Furthermore, the significant negative correlation between vitamin D level and CD8+ cell percentage, PLT, CRP, and D-dimers was seen. In univariate analysis, only TAF use and AIDS status was associated with vitamin D level deficiency. No other antiretroviral (ARV) drug nor gender or smoking had influence on vitamin D serum level. In multivariate analysis, only AIDS status and CRP level were correlated with vitamin D level (slope estimate = 11.6 and p = .032 and slope estimate = -0.83 and p = .002; respectively). In summary, we report that low vitamin D level may be associated with high CRP level in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy, especially in AIDS phase. More larger studies are required to assess our observation concerning TAF use and vitamin D level in HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mikuła
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sapuła
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena M. Suchacz
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagny Krankowska
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Stańczak
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lu R, Shang M, Zhang YG, Jiao Y, Xia Y, Garrett S, Bakke D, Bäuerl C, Martinez GP, Kim CH, Kang SM, Sun J. Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Korean Kimchi Activate the Vitamin D Receptor-autophagy Signaling Pathways. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1199-1211. [PMID: 32170938 PMCID: PMC7365811 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used in the anti-inflammation and anti-infection process of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays an essential role in pathogenesis of IBD and infectious diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the human VDR gene is a key host factor to shape gut microbiome. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial VDR conditional knockout (VDRΔIEC) leads to dysbiosis. Low expressions of VDR is associated with impaired autophagy, accompanied by a reduction of ATG16L1 and LC3B. The purpose of this study is to investigate probiotic effects and mechanism in modulating the VDR-autophagy pathways. METHODS Five LAB strains were isolated from Korean kimchi. Conditional medium (CM) from these strains was used to treat a human cell line HCT116 or intestinal organoids to measure the expression of VDR and autophagy. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells with or without VDR were used to investigate the dependence on the VDR signaling. To test the role of LAB in anti-inflammation, VDR+/+ organoids were treated with 121-CM before infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. In vivo, the role of LAB in regulating VDR-autophagy signaling was examined using LAB 121-CM orally administrated to VDRLoxp and VDRΔIEC mice. RESULTS The LAB-CM-treated groups showed higher mRNA expression of VDR and its target genes cathelicidin compared with the control group. LAB treatment also enhanced expressions of Beclin-1 and ATG16L1 and changed the ratio of LC3B I and II, indicating the activation of autophagic responses. Furthermore, 121-CM treatment before Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection dramatically increased VDR and ATG16L1 and inhibited the inflammation. Administration of 121-CM to VDRLoxp and VDRΔIEC mice for 12 and 24 hours resulted in an increase of VDR and LC3B II:I ratio. Furthermore, we identified that probiotic proteins P40 and P75 in the LAB-CM contributed to the anti-inflammatory function by increasing VDR. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic LAB exert anti-inflammation activity and induces autophagy. These effects depend on the VDR expression. Our data highlight the beneficial effects of these 5 LAB strains isolated from food in anti-infection and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shari Garrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Danika Bakke
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Lactic Acid Bacteria Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquimicay Tecnologia de Alimentos, Spanish National Research Council (C.S.I.C.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Perez Martinez
- Lactic Acid Bacteria Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquimicay Tecnologia de Alimentos, Spanish National Research Council (C.S.I.C.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Animal Resource Science, Dankook University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Address correspondence to: Jun Sun, PhD, AGAF, FAPS, Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago 840 S. Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716 Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. E-mail:
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86
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The Role of Vitamins on the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Infection; a Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/modernc.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamins had been reported repeatedly as important micronutrients, on immune system. Objectives: In this study roles of vitamins on immune system were discussed in detail, as well as their probable roles on the prevention/treatment of viral infections including COVID-19 infection. Method: Totally, 57 articles had been extracted from common indexing databases/websites, which were then classified to different main groups and subgroups. The roles of Vitamins on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection had been also reviewed, and finally their contents had been purified and listed into different categorizations. Moreover, differential percentages of each vitamin related studies, differential percentages of studies on the association with COVID-19, and mechanisms of the vitamins effects on immune system had been reviewed for each vitamin. Results: In this study, the reviewed articles had been categorized into 5 main vitamin groups and 7 subgroups for vitamin B family groups. The most studied vitamin group was identified to be the B vitamins group followed by the vitamins A, D, and E groups that were ranked in next steps, respectively. However, in individual comparison of vitamins, vitamin A had been identified as the vitamin with maximum number of studies. Accordingly, more than half of these studies (66.66%) had focused on the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Briefly, this study showed that, among all vitamins, roles of vitamin A, C, D, and E are more defined and maybe more effective on immune system, which emphasizes on the importance of vitamins in prevention of several viral infections like COVID-19. Therefore, sufficient vitamin intake can be recommended to prevent viral infections like COVID-19 infection.
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The Role of Vitamin D in Respiratory Allergies Prevention. Why the Effect Is so Difficult to Disentangle? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061801. [PMID: 32560403 PMCID: PMC7353247 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and allergic rhinitis are the most common chronic childhood diseases with an increasing prevalence worldwide. There is an urgent need to look for methods of preventing allergic diseases from an early age. The relationship between vitamin D status and allergic diseases has been discussed in several studies recently. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is suggested to affect the development and/or severity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Observational studies have seemed to confirm that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to an increase in allergy and asthma. Following interventional studies, however, have yielded ambiguous results. In this review, we describe recent findings regarding 25(OH)D impact on allergic diseases and provide a systematic analysis of the causes of great variability of the achieved results in different studies.
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88
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De Martinis M, Sirufo MM, Nocelli C, Fontanella L, Ginaldi L. Hyperhomocysteinemia is Associated with Inflammation, Bone Resorption, Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency and MTHFR C677T Polymorphism in Postmenopausal Women with Decreased Bone Mineral Density. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4260. [PMID: 32549258 PMCID: PMC7345373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related bone disease, affecting mainly postmenopausal women, characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and consequent risk of fractures. Homocysteine (Hcy), a sulfur-aminoacid whose serum level is regulated by methylenetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activity and vitamin B12 and folate as cofactors, is a risk factor for inflammatory diseases. Literature data concerning the link between Hcy and osteoporosis are still debated. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship among Hcy and BMD, inflammation, vitamin status and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In 252 postmenopausal women, BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition to serum Hcy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and bone turnover markers (bone alkaline phosphatase-BAP, osteocalcin-OC, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), vitamin deficiencies and MTHFR-C677T polymorphism were evaluated. Hcy, inflammation, bone resorption markers and prevalence of C677T polymorphism were higher, whereas vitamin D, B12, folate, and bone formation markers were lower in women with decreased BMD compared to those with normal BMD. Our results suggest a significant association between Hcy, BMD and inflammation in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The regulation of Hcy overproduction and the modulation of the inflammatory substrate could represent additional therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Lara Fontanella
- Department of Legal and Social Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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89
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Cheng K, Ma C, Guo X, Huang Y, Tang R, Karrow NA, Wang C. Vitamin D 3 modulates yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) immune function in vivo and in vitro and this involves the vitamin D 3/VDR-type I interferon axis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:103644. [PMID: 32061641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) has been shown to regulate immune function in mammals. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)2D3) is the active form of vitamin D3, which is also known as calcitriol. The current study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the innate immune response of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) after in vivo and in vitro immune challenge. The in vivo results showed that increasing dietary vitamin D3 decreased mortality, enhanced the immune protective rate, and increased serum lysozyme, catalase and SOD activities in yellow catfish infected with Edwardsiella Ictaluri (p < 0.05). The in vitro results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 (0, 1, 10, 100, 200 pM) dose-dependently attenuated the rate of apoptosis and production or reactive oxygen species and increased the phagocytic activity of head kidney macrophages stimulated with 10 mg/L lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 100 mg/L of Poly(I:C) (p < 0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that increasing dietary vitamin D3 content in vivo and increasing the level of 1,25(OH)2D3in vitro partially regulated the expression of VD3/VDR-type I interferon axis genes (vdr, irf-3, ifn-a, jak1, stat1, ifi56 and ifp35) after immune challenge. These results indicated that vitamin D3 content helped yellow catfish to resist oxidative stress and inflammation caused by immune challenge, and immunomodulation involved the VD3/VDR-type I interferon action axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsong Ma
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xun Guo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Rong Tang
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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90
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Vitamin D Effects on the Immune System from Periconception through Pregnancy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051432. [PMID: 32429162 PMCID: PMC7284509 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a well-known secosteroid and guardian of bone health and calcium homeostasis. Studies on its role in immunomodulatory functions have expanded its field in recent years. In addition to its impact on human physiology, vitamin D influences the differentiation and proliferation of immune system modulators, interleukin expression and antimicrobial responses. Furthermore, it has been shown that vitamin D is synthesized in female reproductive tissues and, by modulating the immune system, affects the periconception period and reproductive outcomes. B cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells can all synthesize active vitamin D and are involved in processes which occur from fertilization, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Components of vitamin D synthesis are expressed in the ovary, decidua, endometrium and placenta. An inadequate vitamin D level has been associated with recurrent implantation failure and pregnancy loss and is associated with pregnancy-related disorders like preeclampsia. This paper reviews the most important data on immunomodulatory vitamin D effects in relation to the immune system from periconception to pregnancy and provides an insight into the possible consequences of vitamin D deficiency before and during pregnancy.
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91
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Vitamin D status influences transcriptional levels of RANKL and inflammatory biomarkers which are associated with activation of PBMC. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:219-223. [PMID: 32371216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status is involved in the risk of many chronic diseases including cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune disease. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system is also implicated in the orchestration of immune functions. We aimed to investigate the expression of RANKL, OPG and markers of inflammation and immune activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects with different 25(OH)D3 plasma levels. The 25(OH)D3 plasma concentrations were assessed by HPLC. The gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The expression of CYP27B1 was lower in subjects with 25(OH)D3 levels below 50 nmol/L (deficiency) than subjects with both insufficient and sufficient levels of 25(OH)D3. In subjects with deficiency, we observed the up-regulation of RANKL, TNF-α, IFN-γ, ICAM and LFA-1, and a reduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and IL-4 in comparison to other subjects. Finally, we found a negative correlation between RANKL mRNA levels and 25(OH)D3 and between 25(OH)D3 and ICAM mRNA levels. A positive correlation between ICAM and RANKL was observed. Our results give evidence of the modulatory effects of circulating 25(OH)D3 levels on gene expression of biomarkers of immune activation in PBMC, suggesting the possible use of PBMC as ex-vivo model to characterize molecular mechanisms of immune/inflammatory response in hypovitaminosis conditions.
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92
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Mailhot G, White JH. Vitamin D and Immunity in Infants and Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1233. [PMID: 32349265 PMCID: PMC7282029 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last couple of decades have seen an explosion in our interest and understanding of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of immunity. At the molecular level, the hormonal form of vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor. The VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are expressed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The advent of genome-wide approaches to gene expression profiling have led to the identification of numerous VDR-regulated genes implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The molecular data infer that vitamin D signaling should boost innate immunity against pathogens of bacterial or viral origin. Vitamin D signaling also suppresses inflammatory immune responses that underlie autoimmunity and regulate allergic responses. These findings have been bolstered by clinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmunity, and allergies. Our goals here are to provide an overview of the molecular basis for immune system regulation and to survey the clinical data from pediatric populations, using randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses where possible, linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmune conditions, and allergies, and addressing the impact of supplementation on these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Mailhot
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - John H. White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Aktürk T, Turan Y, Tanik N, Karadağ ME, Sacmaci H, Inan LE. Vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor levels and cardiac dysautonomia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 77:848-854. [PMID: 31939581 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D is a pleiotropic steroid hormone that modulates the autonomic balance. Its deficiency has been described as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) and to evaluate cardiac dysautonomia in MS patients due to bidirectional interaction between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and on 24 healthy controls. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability (BPV) was calculated and the participants were evaluated for orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. Serum levels of vitamin D, VDBP and VDR were measured. RESULTS The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in MS patients than in controls (p = 0.044); however there was no significant difference in terms of VDR and VDBP levels between the groups. Supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension were significant and the 24-hour systolic BPV was significantly decreased in patients with MS (p < 0.05) compared to controls. No correlation was found between vitamin D, VDBP and VDR with supine hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and systolic BPV values (p > 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between VDBP and the EDSS (p = 0.039, r = -0.406). CONCLUSION There was no correlation between orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension and systolic BPV values and serum vitamin D, VDBP and VDR in MS patients. Future prospective studies with large number of patients may help us to better understand the relationship between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülin Aktürk
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Turan
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nermin Tanik
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Hikmet Sacmaci
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
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94
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Chen X, Diao L, Lian R, Qi L, Yu S, Liu S, Lin S, Xue Z, Zeng Y. Potential impact of maternal vitamin D status on peripheral blood and endometrium cellular immunity in women with recurrent implantation failure. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13243. [PMID: 32277536 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM This study aims to evaluate the modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral blood and endometrial cellular immunity in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). METHOD OF STUDY One hundred and fifty-four women with RIF were identified at a fertility center from January 2018 and March 2019. Blood and endometrium samples were collected during the mid-luteal phase before IVF treatment or pregnancy. The serum vitamin D status, NK cell cytotoxicity, Th1 cytokine production, and endometrial immune cells were detected before and after vitamin D supplementation. RESULTS The NK cell cytotoxicity at an effector:target (E:T) ratio of 50:1 or 25:1 was significantly higher in vitamin D insufficiency group (VDI) than those in vitamin D normal group (VDN) (P < .05 each). The percentage of IFN-γ- or TNF-α-producing Th cells was significantly increased in VDI or vitamin D deficiency group (VDD) when compared with VDN (P < .05 each). The percentage of CD68+ macrophages on all endometrial cells in VDI and VDD was significantly higher than in VDN (P < .05 each), while no significant differences in the percentage of other endometrial immune cells among the three groups were observed. This dysregulation was significantly reduced with vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted that vitamin D may have an important role in the regulation of not only systemic but also local immune response for optimization of maternal tolerance for implantation in women with RIF. Pre-conception optimization of vitamin D status should be considered in women with RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruochun Lian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingbin Qi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenglai Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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95
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Vici G, Camilletti D, Polzonetti V. Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1051. [PMID: 32290294 PMCID: PMC7231074 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beside skeletal system maintenance and protection, possible extra-calcium roles of vitamin D have been recently described. In particular, studies have investigated possible roles of vitamin D as a key modulator of inflammation and immune mechanisms and of the intestinal mucosa barrier. In this regard, vitamin D has been considered as a factor that affects different conditions such as immune-mediated diseases. The new emerging role of vitamin D and its involvement in immune modulation has led it to be considered as a possible key factor involved in celiac disease (CD) onset. CD is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine that is triggered by dietary gluten protein exposure in individuals who are genetically predisposed. However, along with gluten, other environmental factors are also involved in CD onset. The renewed interest in a molecule that offers great possibilities for new roles has led to an increase in studies, although there remains a lack of studies aimed at contextualizing the role of vitamin D on CD. This review aims to define the possible role of vitamin D in CD onset as it is presently understood, taking into account potential links among vitamin D, the immune system and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Dalia Camilletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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96
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Santos LO, Laranjeira R, Borborema MEBDA, Sotero-Caio CG, Duarte ADR, Araújo J, de Azevedo Silva J, Santos N. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and expression profile influence upon the immunological imbalance in Turner syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:505-513. [PMID: 31686401 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Turner syndrome (TS) patients display considerable immune misregulation, and it is hypothesized that Vitamin D (VTD) activity may fluctuate according to Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and/or expression profile. To uncover a possible relationship between VDR genotype and clinical conditions in TS patients, we investigated two functional VDR variants (Cdx-2 and FokI) for allele and genotype frequencies, as well as expression profile in TS individuals versus healthy controls (HC). METHODS We performed a genetic association study including 100 TS patients and 116 HC. Genotyping for VDR Cdx-2 G > A (rs11568820) and FokI C > T (rs2228570) was performed using Taqman Genotyping Assays. VDR gene expression was also evaluated in 15 TS and 15 HC, using fluorogenic probes by qPCR. Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05) to uncover differences between groups. In addition, we investigated whether shifted VDR mRNA levels were associated with Cdx-2 and FokI variants in TS patients. RESULTS We detected a significantly higher frequency of T allele (p = 0.006) as well as T/T genotype (p = 0.01) for FokI in TS patients when compared to HC. When assessing VDR expression, we identified a downregulation in TS woman (- 2.84 FC) versus HC (p < 0.001). Furthermore, C/T (11.24 FC; p = 0.01) and T/T (9.20 FC; p = 0.01) FokI genotypes were upregulated when compared to C/C reference genotype. CONCLUSION TS patients show different distribution of FokI polymorphism. Downregulation of VDR gene expression may contribute to immunological imbalance in TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - R Laranjeira
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - M E B de A Borborema
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - C G Sotero-Caio
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Praha 2, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A de R Duarte
- Medical Genetic Service, Institute of Integral Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira, Rua dos Coelhos, 300, Boa Vista, Recife, Pernambuco, 50070-050, Brazil
| | - J Araújo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service at Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - J de Azevedo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, LIKA, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-011, Brazil
| | - N Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil.
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97
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Sharifi A, Vahedi H, Honarvar MR, Amiriani T, Nikniaz Z, Rad EY, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. Vitamin D decreases CD40L gene expression in ulcerative colitis patients: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:99-104. [PMID: 32141817 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.181028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The interaction of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and CD40 triggers the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has been proposed that vitamin D deficiency might be an important factor, which causes or aggregates the autoimmune situations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of vitamin D on CD40L gene expression in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety mild-to-moderate UC patients were randomized to receive a single injection of 7.5 mg cholecalciferol or 1 mL normal saline. At baseline and 90 days following the intervention, RNA samples from whole blood were obtained. Fold changes in CD40L mRNA expression were determined for each patient using the 2-ΔΔCq method. The data were analyzed. RESULTS The serum levels of vitamin D and calcium increased only in the vitamin D group (p<0.05). Relative to baseline values, the CD40L gene expression fold change was significantly lower in the vitamin D group compared with the placebo group (median±interquartile range: 0.34±0.30 vs 0.43±1.20, respectively, p=0.016). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that vitamin D administration in mild-to-moderate UC patients led to the downregulation of the CD40L gene, which is an essential part of inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrollah Sharifi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (GRCGH), School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Homayoon Vahedi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Honarvar
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (GRCGH), School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yousefi Rad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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98
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Young C, Walzl G, Du Plessis N. Therapeutic host-directed strategies to improve outcome in tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:190-204. [PMID: 31772320 PMCID: PMC7039813 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licenced tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, but has limited efficacy against pulmonary TB disease development and modest protection against extrapulmonary TB. Preventative antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections in high-prevalence settings is unfeasible due to unclear treatment durability, drug toxicity, logistical constraints related to directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) and the lengthy treatment protocols. Together, these factors promote non-adherence, contributing to relapse and establishment of drug-resistant Mtb strains. Although antibiotic treatment of drug-susceptible Mtb is generally effective, drug-resistant TB has a treatment efficacy below 50% and can, in a proportion, develop into progressive, untreatable disease. Other immune compromising co-infections and/or co-morbidities require more complex prevention/treatment approaches, posing huge financial burdens to national health services. Novel TB treatment strategies, such as host-directed therapeutics, are required to complement pathogen-targeted approaches. Pre-clinical studies have highlighted promising candidates that enhance endogenous pathways and/or limit destructive host responses. This review discusses promising pre-clinical candidates and forerunning compounds at advanced stages of clinical investigation in TB host-directed therapeutic (HDT) efficacy trials. Such approaches are rationalized to improve outcome in TB and shorten treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Young
- South African Medical Research Council, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Science and Technology/DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Walzl
- South African Medical Research Council, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Science and Technology/DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Du Plessis
- South African Medical Research Council, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Science and Technology/DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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99
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Peroni DG, Trambusti I, Di Cicco ME, Nuzzi G. Vitamin D in pediatric health and disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31 Suppl 24:54-57. [PMID: 32017212 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several scientific societies established that vitamin D (VD), in its metabolized form 25(OH)D, levels higher than 20 ng/mL are sufficient to ensure optimal bone health, while 25(OH)D levels higher than 30 ng/mL are needed to favor VD extraskeletal actions. However, it has been estimated that approximately 30% of children and 60% of adults worldwide are VD deficient and insufficient, respectively. This is the reason why it is important to provide a practical approach to VD supplementation for infants, children, and adolescents. It is the pediatrician's role to evaluate the modifiable lifestyle risk factors for deficiency, particularly a reduced sun exposure, following an evidence-based approach, and to suggest VD supplementation only when there is a rational reason to support its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Trambusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nuzzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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100
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Gao W, Tang H, Wang D, Zhou X, Song Y, Wang Z. Effect of short‐term vitamin D supplementation after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:354-362. [PMID: 31960448 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Gao
- Department of Stomatology Beijing Chao‐yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Huilin Tang
- Department of Epidemiology Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology Beijing Chao‐yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology Beijing Chao‐yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Stomatology Beijing Chao‐yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
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