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Fee EL, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Carter SWD, Clarke MW, Milad MA, Usuda H, Ikeda H, Kumagai Y, Saito Y, Ireland DJ, Newnham JP, Saito M, Jobe AH, Kemp MW. Respiratory benefit in preterm lambs is progressively lost when the concentration of fetal plasma betamethasone is titrated below two nanograms per milliliter. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L628-L637. [PMID: 37697929 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenatal steroid therapy is the standard of care for women at imminent risk of preterm delivery. Current dosing regimens use suprapharmacological doses to achieve extended fetal steroid exposures. We aimed to determine the lowest fetal plasma betamethasone concentration sufficient to achieve functional preterm lung maturation. Ewes with single fetuses underwent surgery to install a fetal jugular catheter. Adopting a stepwise design, ewes were randomized to either a saline-only group (negative control group; n = 9) or one of four betamethasone treatment groups. Each betamethasone group fetus received a fetal intravenous infusion to target a constant plasma betamethasone level of either 1) 2 ng/mL (2 ng/mL positive control group, n = 9); 2) 1 ng/mL, (1 ng/mL group, n = 10); 3) 0.5 ng/mL (0.5 ng/mL group, n = 10); or 4) 0.25 ng/mL (0.25 ng/mL group, n = 10). Fetuses were infused for 48 h, delivered, and ventilated. The positive control group, negative control group, and mid-point 0.5 ng/mL group animals were tested first. An interim analysis informed the final betamethasone group tested. Positive control group animals had large, statistically significant improvements in respiratory function. Based on an interim analysis, the 1.0 ng/mL group was studied in favor of the 0.25 ng/mL group. Treatment efficacy was progressively lost at plasma betamethasone concentrations lower than 2 ng/mL. We demonstrated that the acute respiratory benefit conveyed by antenatal steroid exposure in the fetal sheep is progressively lost when constant fetal plasma betamethasone concentrations are reduced below a targeted value of 2 ng/mL.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lung maturation benefits in preterm lambs were progressively lost when fetal plasma betamethasone concentrations fell below 2 ng/mL. The effective floor threshold for a robust, lung-maturing exposure likely lies between 1 and 2 ng betamethasone per milliliter of plasma. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis signaling and immunocyte populations remained materially disrupted at subtherapeutic steroid concentrations. These data demonstrate the potential to improve antenatal steroid therapy using reduced dose regimens informed by glucocorticoid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sean W D Carter
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark A Milad
- Milad Pharmaceutical Consulting LLC, Plymouth, Michigan, United States
| | - Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ikeda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusaku Kumagai
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuya Saito
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Demelza J Ireland
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Fee EL, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Carter S, Furfaro L, Clarke MW, Milad MA, Usuda H, Newnham JP, Saito M, Jobe AH, Kemp MW. 1% of the clinical dose used for antenatal steroid therapy is sufficient to induce lung maturation when administered directly to the preterm ovine fetus. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L853-L865. [PMID: 35438005 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal steroids (ANS) are standard of care for women at imminent risk of preterm delivery. ANS accelerate functional maturation of the preterm fetal lung. Current dosing regimens expose the mother and fetus to high steroid levels with increased risk of adverse outcomes. Using a sheep model of pregnancy, we aimed to demonstrate that direct fetal administration would be sufficient to elicit functional maturation of the fetal lung. STUDY DESIGN Ewes and fetuses at 122d gestation underwent recovery surgery to install a fetal jugular catheter. Animals were then immediately randomised to either: i) fetal intravenous betamethasone phosphate infusion of 2ng/ml for 26 hours (fetal low-dose group; n=16); ii) fetal intravenous saline infusion for 26 hours and two maternal intramuscular injections of 0.25mg/kg betamethasone-phosphate + betamethasone-acetate (maternal clinical treatment group; n=12); or iii) fetal intravenous saline infusion for 26 hours (negative control group; n=10). Fetuses were delivered 48 hours after surgery, ventilated for 30 min to allow collection of physiological data, and euthanised. RESULTS The average betamethasone dose for the fetal low-dose group was 1% (0.3mg) of that used in the maternal clinical treatment group (30mg). At 30 minutes of ventilation, arterial paCO2, pH, heart rate and VEI were significantly (p<0.05) and equivalently improved in both the fetal low-dose and maternal clinical treatment group relative to negative control. CONCLUSION Maternal steroid administration was not required to elicit fetal lung maturation. Targeted fetal ANS treatments may allow the use of materially reduced antenatal steroid exposures, significantly reducing the risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sean Carter
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lucy Furfaro
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Center for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark A Milad
- Milad Pharmaceutical Consulting LLC, Plymouth, MI, United States
| | - Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alan Hall Jobe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tiller C, Black LJ, Ponsonby AL, Taylor B, van der Mei I, Clarke MW, Lucas RM. Vitamin D metabolites and risk of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 218:106060. [PMID: 35031430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is a recognised risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Associations with vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding globulin (VDBG) have not been widely studied. We assessed the association between vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, c3-epimer 25(OH)D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3)) measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays, VDBG measured using a polyclonal immunoassay, and calculated free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, free 1,25(OH)2D3, and the 24,25(OH)2D3: total 25(OH)D and total 1,25(OH)2D: total 25(OH)D ratios with risk of a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD) in an Australian case-control study (n = 196 cases, n = 241 controls, matched on age, sex and study region). Higher 25(OH)D (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.94 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.03) per 10 nmol/L increment) and 24,25(OH)2D3 (AOR = 0.81 (95 %CI 0.65-1.00) per 1 nmol/L increment) concentrations were associated with reduced FCD risk. Our results were compatible with no association for the other vitamin D metabolites, ratios, or VDBG with FCD risk. Thus, using standardised assays, and a comprehensive range of vitamin D metabolites, we confirmed the association of higher 25(OH)D and reduced FCD risk, and describe a similar effect for 24,25(OH)2D3; free or bioavailable 25(OH)D were not associated with FCD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Tiller
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Graduate Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Sempos CT, Williams EL, Carter GD, Jones J, Camara JE, Burdette CQ, Hahm G, Nalin F, Duewer DL, Kuszak AJ, Merkel J, Hoofnagle AN, Lukas P, Cavalier É, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Crump PM, Popp C, Beckert C, Schultess J, Van Slooten G, Tourneur C, Pease C, Kaul R, Villarreal A, Ivison F, Fischer R, van den Ouweland JMW, Ho CS, Law EWK, Simard JN, Gonthier R, Holmquist B, Batista MC, Meadows S, Cox L, Jansen E, Khan DA, Robyak K, Creer MH, Kilbane M, Twomey PJ, Freeman J, Parker N, Yuan J, Fitzgerald R, Mushtaq S, Clarke MW, Breen N, Simpson C, Wise SA. Assessment of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays for Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) materials distributed at ambient and frozen conditions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1015-1028. [PMID: 34750644 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) distributes human serum samples four times per year to over 1000 participants worldwide for the determination of total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D)]. These samples are stored at -40 °C prior to distribution and the participants are instructed to store the samples frozen at -20 °C or lower after receipt; however, the samples are shipped to participants at ambient conditions (i.e., no temperature control). To address the question of whether shipment at ambient conditions is sufficient for reliable performance of various 25(OH)D assays, the equivalence of DEQAS human serum samples shipped under frozen and ambient conditions was assessed. As part of a Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) commutability study, two sets of the same nine DEQAS samples were shipped to participants at ambient temperature and frozen on dry ice. Twenty-eight laboratories participated in this study and provided 34 sets of results for the measurement of 25(OH)D using 20 ligand binding assays and 14 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Equivalence of the assay response for the frozen versus ambient DEQAS samples for each assay was evaluated using multi-level modeling, paired t-tests including a false discovery rate (FDR) approach, and ordinary least squares linear regression analysis of frozen versus ambient results. Using the paired t-test and confirmed by FDR testing, differences in the results for the ambient and frozen samples were found to be statistically significant at p < 0.05 for four assays (DiaSorin, DIAsource, Siemens, and SNIBE prototype). For all 14 LC-MS/MS assays, the differences in the results for the ambient- and frozen-shipped samples were not found to be significant at p < 0.05 indicating that these analytes were stable during shipment at ambient conditions. Even though assay results have been shown to vary considerably among different 25(OH)D assays in other studies, the results of this study also indicate that sample handling/transport conditions may influence 25(OH)D assay response for several assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Sempos
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Vitamin D Standardization Program LLC, Havre de Grace, MD, 21078, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Jones
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Johanna E Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Grace Hahm
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Federica Nalin
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - David L Duewer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joyce Merkel
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Pierre Lukas
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Étienne Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ramón A Durazo-Arvizu
- Biostatistics Core, The Sabin Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Peter M Crump
- Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christian Popp
- Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Christian Beckert
- Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jan Schultess
- Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ravi Kaul
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, Clinical Diagnostics, Hercules, CA, 94547, USA
| | | | - Fiona Ivison
- Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ralf Fischer
- Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | | | - Chung S Ho
- Biochemical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077
| | - Emmett W K Law
- Biochemical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077
| | | | | | - Brett Holmquist
- Endocrine Sciences, LabCorp Specialty Testing Group, Agoura Hills, CA, 91301, USA
| | | | - Sarah Meadows
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (Closed Dec. 2018), Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK.,NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Lorna Cox
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (Closed Dec. 2018), Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK.,NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Eugene Jansen
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dilshad Ahmed Khan
- National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kimberly Robyak
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael H Creer
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mark Kilbane
- Clinical Chemistry, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- Clinical Chemistry, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4, Ireland
| | | | - Neil Parker
- Siemens-Healthineers, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- SNIBE, Shenzhen, 518122, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Fitzgerald
- Health Clinical Laboratories, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Norma Breen
- Waters Technologies Ireland Ltd., Wexford, Y35 D431, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen A Wise
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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Wise SA, Camara JE, Burdette CQ, Hahm G, Nalin F, Kuszak AJ, Merkel J, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Williams EL, Hoofnagle AN, Ivison F, Fischer R, van den Ouweland JMW, Ho CS, Law EWK, Simard JN, Gonthier R, Holmquist B, Meadows S, Cox L, Robyak K, Creer MH, Fitzgerald R, Clarke MW, Breen N, Lukas P, Cavalier É, Sempos CT. Interlaboratory comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Intercomparison Study 2 - Part 1 liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays - impact of 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 on assay performance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:333-349. [PMID: 34432104 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An interlaboratory comparison study was conducted by the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) to assess the performance of liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays used for the determination of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is the sum of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). A set of 50 single-donor samples was assigned target values for concentrations of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3), and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) using isotope dilution liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS). VDSP Intercomparison Study 2 Part 1 includes results from 14 laboratories using 14 custom LC-MS/MS assays. Assay performance was evaluated using mean % bias compared to the assigned target values and using linear regression analysis of the test assay mean results and the target values. Only 53% of the LC-MS/MS assays met the VDSP criterion of mean % bias ≤ |±5%|. For the LC-MS/MS assays not meeting the ≤ |±5%| criterion, four assays had mean % bias of between 12 and 21%. Based on multivariable regression analysis using the concentrations of the four individual vitamin D metabolites in the 50 single-donor samples, the performance of several LC-MS/MS assays was found to be influenced by the presence of 3-epi-25(OH)D3. The results of this interlaboratory study represent the most comprehensive comparison of LC-MS/MS assay performance for serum total 25(OH)D and document the significant impact of the lack of separation of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D3 on assay performance, particularly with regard to mean % bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Johanna E Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Grace Hahm
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Federica Nalin
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joyce Merkel
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ramón A Durazo-Arvizu
- Biostatistics Core, The Sabin Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | | | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Fiona Ivison
- Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ralf Fischer
- Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | | | - Chung S Ho
- Biochemical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Emmett W K Law
- Biochemical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Brett Holmquist
- Endocrine Sciences, LabCorp Specialty Testing Group, Agoura Hills, CA, 91301, USA
| | - Sarah Meadows
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (closed Dec. 2018), Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Lorna Cox
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (closed Dec. 2018), Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Kimberly Robyak
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael H Creer
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Robert Fitzgerald
- Health Clinical Laboratories, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Norma Breen
- Waters Technologies Ireland Ltd., Wexford, Y35 D431, Ireland
| | - Pierre Lukas
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Étienne Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christopher T Sempos
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Vitamin D Standardization Program LLC, Havre de Grace, MD, 217078, USA
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Camara JE, Wise SA, Hoofnagle AN, Williams EL, Carter GD, Jones J, Burdette CQ, Hahm G, Nalin F, Kuszak AJ, Merkel J, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Lukas P, Cavalier É, Popp C, Beckert C, Schultess J, Van Slooten G, Tourneur C, Pease C, Kaul R, Villarreal A, Ivison F, Fischer R, van den Ouweland JMW, Ho CS, Law EWK, Simard JN, Gonthier R, Holmquist B, Batista MC, Pham H, Bennett A, Meadows S, Cox L, Jansen E, Khan DA, Robyak K, Creer MH, Kilbane M, Twomey PJ, Freeman J, Parker N, Yuan J, Fitzgerald R, Mushtaq S, Clarke MW, Breen N, Simpson C, Sempos CT. Assessment of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay commutability of Standard Reference Materials and College of American Pathologists Accuracy-Based Vitamin D (ABVD) Scheme and Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) materials: Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Commutability Study 2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5067-5084. [PMID: 34184102 PMCID: PMC8431775 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An interlaboratory study was conducted through the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) to assess commutability of Standard Reference Materials® (SRMs) and proficiency testing/external quality assessment (PT/EQA) samples for determination of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using ligand binding assays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A set of 50 single-donor serum samples were assigned target values for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] using reference measurement procedures (RMPs). SRM and PT/EQA samples evaluated included SRM 972a (four levels), SRM 2973, six College of American Pathologists (CAP) Accuracy-Based Vitamin D (ABVD) samples, and nine Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) samples. Results were received from 28 different laboratories using 20 ligand binding assays and 14 LC-MS/MS methods. Using the test assay results for total serum 25(OH)D (i.e., the sum of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3) determined for the single-donor samples and the RMP target values, the linear regression and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated. Using a subset of 42 samples that had concentrations of 25(OH)D2 below 30 nmol/L, one or more of the SRM and PT/EQA samples with high concentrations of 25(OH)D2 were deemed non-commutable using 5 of 11 unique ligand binding assays. SRM 972a (level 4), which has high exogenous concentration of 3-epi-25(OH)D3, was deemed non-commutable for 50% of the LC-MS/MS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen A Wise
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Jones
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Grace Hahm
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Federica Nalin
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joyce Merkel
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ramón A Durazo-Arvizu
- Biostatistics Core, The Sabin Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Pierre Lukas
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Étienne Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Popp
- Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Christian Beckert
- Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jan Schultess
- Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ravi Kaul
- Clinical Diagnostics, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Clinical Diagnostics, Hercules, CA, 94547, USA
| | - Alfredo Villarreal
- Clinical Diagnostics, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Clinical Diagnostics, Hercules, CA, 94547, USA
| | - Fiona Ivison
- Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ralf Fischer
- Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | | | - Chung S Ho
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Emmett W K Law
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Brett Holmquist
- LabCorp Specialty Testing Group, Endocrine Sciences, Agoura Hills, CA, 91301, USA
| | | | - Heather Pham
- Immunodiagnostic Systems (IDS), Boldon, NE35 9PD, UK
| | - Alex Bennett
- Immunodiagnostic Systems (IDS), Boldon, NE35 9PD, UK
| | - Sarah Meadows
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (closed Dec. 2018), Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Lorna Cox
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (closed Dec. 2018), Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Eugene Jansen
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dilshad Ahmed Khan
- National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kimberly Robyak
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael H Creer
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mark Kilbane
- Clinical Chemistry, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- Clinical Chemistry, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4, Ireland
| | | | - Neil Parker
- Siemens-Healthineers, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- SNIBE, Shenzhen, 518122, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Fitzgerald
- University of California at San Diego, Health Clinical Laboratories, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Norma Breen
- Waters Technologies Ireland Ltd., Wexford, Y35 D431, Ireland
| | | | - Christopher T Sempos
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Vitamin D Standardization Program LLC, Havre de Grace, MD, 21078, USA
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Oktaria V, Triasih R, Graham SM, Bines JE, Soenarto Y, Clarke MW, Lauda M, Danchin M. Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254488. [PMID: 34242372 PMCID: PMC8270442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children hospitalized with pneumonia and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and severity of pneumonia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to July 2017 in two district hospitals in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Infants and young children aged 2–59 months hospitalized with pneumonia were recruited. Serum blood samples were collected on admission and analyzed for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 concentrations using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a level of serum vitamin D <50 nmol/L. The association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of hospitalized pneumonia according to WHO criteria, including the presence of danger signs, hypoxemia (SpO2 in air below 90%), duration of hospitalization, and admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), was analyzed using logistic regression. Results 133 children with WHO-defined pneumonia were enrolled in the study and 127 (96%) had their vitamin D status determined. The mean vitamin D concentration was 67 (± 24 SD) nmol/L and 19% of participants were vitamin D deficient. Age younger than 6 months was associated with prolonged hospitalization (> 5 days) and low birth weight and poor nutritional status on admission were risk factors for hypoxemia. However, vitamin D status was not associated with the presence of danger signs, duration of hospitalization, or hypoxemia. Conclusions One in every five children hospitalized with pneumonia was vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D status was not associated with the severity of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicka Oktaria
- Faculty Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Child Health–Pediatric Research Office (CCH_PRO), Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rina Triasih
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Child Health–Pediatric Research Office (CCH_PRO), Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephen M. Graham
- Faculty Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie E. Bines
- Faculty Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Child Health–Pediatric Research Office (CCH_PRO), Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Faculty of Health, and Medical Sciences, Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis, and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mike Lauda
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Margaret Danchin
- Faculty Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Oktaria V, Danchin M, Triasih R, Soenarto Y, Bines JE, Ponsonby AL, Clarke MW, Graham SM. The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and association with vitamin D deficiency. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248722. [PMID: 33755666 PMCID: PMC7987198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life, but this has not been evaluated in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the incidence of ARI in Indonesian infants, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D deficiency. Methods From 23 December 2015 to 31 December 2017, we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study in Yogyakarta province. We enrolled 422 pregnant women and followed their infants from birth until 12 months of age for ARI episodes. Vitamin D status was measured at birth and at age six months. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia incidence. Results At study completion, 95% (400/422) of infants retained with a total of 412 child years of observation (CYO). The incidence of all ARI and of WHO-defined pneumonia was 3.89 (95% CI 3.70–4.08) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.21–0.30) episodes per CYO respectively. Vitamin D deficiency at birth was common (90%, 308/344) and associated with more frequent episodes of ARI non-pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI:1.04–19.34). Vitamin D status at birth or six months was not associated with subsequent pneumonia incidence, but greater maternal sun exposure during pregnancy was associated with a trend to less frequent ARI and pneumonia in infants. Conclusion ARI, pneumonia, and vitamin D deficiency at birth were common in Indonesian infants. Minimising vitamin D deficiency at birth such as by supplementation of mothers or safe sun exposure during pregnancy has the potential to reduce ARI incidence in infants in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicka Oktaria
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Margaret Danchin
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rina Triasih
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie E. Bines
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Graham
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Waterhouse M, Baxter C, Duarte Romero B, McLeod DSA, English DR, Armstrong BK, Clarke MW, Ebeling PR, Hartel G, Kimlin MG, O'Connell RL, Pham H, Rodney Harris RM, van der Pols JC, Venn AJ, Webb PM, Whiteman DC, Neale RE. Predicting deseasonalised serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in the D-Health Trial: An analysis using boosted regression trees. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 104:106347. [PMID: 33684596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The D-Health Trial aims to determine whether monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation can reduce the mortality rate and prevent cancer. We did not have adequate statistical power for subgroup analyses, so could not justify the high cost of collecting blood samples at baseline. To enable future exploratory analyses stratified by baseline vitamin D status, we developed models to predict baseline serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. METHODS We used data and serum 25(OH)D concentrations from participants who gave a blood sample during the trial for compliance monitoring and were randomised to placebo. Data were partitioned into training (80%) and validation (20%) datasets. Deseasonalised serum 25(OH)D concentrations were dichotomised using cut-points of 50, 60 and 75 nmol/L. We fitted boosted regression tree models, based on 13 predictors, and evaluated model performance using the validation data. RESULTS The training and validation datasets had 1788 (10.5% <50 nmol/L, 23.1% <60 nmol, 48.8 <75 nmol/L) and 447 (11.9% <50 nmol/L, 25.7% <60 nmol/L, and 49.2% <75 nmol/L) samples, respectively. Ambient UV radiation and total intake of vitamin D were the strongest predictors of 'low' serum 25(OH)D concentration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.71, 0.70, and 0.66 for cut-points of <50, <60 and <75 nmol/L respectively. CONCLUSIONS We exploited compliance monitoring data to develop models to predict serum 25(OH)D concentration for D-Health participants at baseline. This approach may prove useful in other trial settings where there is an obstacle to exhaustive data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Waterhouse
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Catherine Baxter
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Briony Duarte Romero
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Dallas R English
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Hai Pham
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health & Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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10
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Leow S, Beer NJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B, Alderson JA, Clarke MW, Guelfi KJ. The effect of antecedent exercise on the acute stress response and subsequent food consumption: a preliminary investigation. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113256. [PMID: 33221392 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to be protective against many of the deleterious consequences of stress; however, the effects of exercise on stress-induced food consumption are unclear. This study examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise prior to exposure to an acute stressor on subsequent eating behavior, together with the physiological (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, salivary cortisol) and psychological (e.g., mood, perceived stress) responses to stress. Twenty-three men and women completed four experimental conditions (control, exercise only, stress only, and exercise prior to stress) conducted in a counterbalanced order using a within-subjects repeated measures design. Ad libitum energy intake from a laboratory test meal was assessed at each trial, together with monitoring of physiological and psychological responses. No difference in total energy intake (p = 0.146) or energy intake from 'unhealthy' foods was noted between conditions (p = 0.783), despite lower circulating ghrelin when antecedent exercise was performed compared with stress alone (p < 0.05). Exposure to an acute stressor is not necessarily associated with alterations in subsequent food intake, nor does antecedent exercise prior to stress exposure affect food choices, despite transient alterations in the hunger hormone ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Leow
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Natalya J Beer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline A Alderson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Minderoo Tech & Policy Lab, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; SPRINZ, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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11
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Olivier K, Reinders LA, Clarke MW, Crew RC, Pereira G, Maloney SK, Wyrwoll CS. Maternal, Placental, and Fetal Responses to Intermittent Heat Exposure During Late Gestation in Mice. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:416-425. [PMID: 32804351 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physiological adaptations during heat exposure are critical in pregnancy. Maternal thermoregulation has to accommodate the increased metabolic load of the developing fetus. Here, we assess the consequences of intermittent heat exposure, as occurs in heat waves, for maternal adaptations during pregnancy, and chronic feto-placental outcomes. Following timed mating, C57BL/6J mice were allocated to either standard animal housing temperature conditions (SH) or housing at a temperature within the thermoneutral zone (TNZ). A subset of the TNZ group was exposed to 37 °C for 8 h a day from E15.5 to E17.5 to simulate a heat wave (HW). Maternal weight gain, food intake, rectal temperature, and nesting behaviors were measured across gestation. Fetal and placental tissues were collected at E18.5. With heat exposure, maternal rectal temperature increased while food intake and nest complexity decreased. Maternal daily weight gain initially decreased due to heat exposure, but on the last day of exposure, it was comparable to the other experimental groups. These maternal responses during heat exposure impacted on the fetus, with restrictions in placental and fetal development evident just before birth. Thus, the vascular portion of the placenta, and the relative fetal head size, was smaller. Furthermore, SH and TNZ animals demonstrated distinct differences in food intake and nesting behavior during pregnancy, reinforcing the need for caution in extrapolating from animal models to humans when housing occurs outside of thermoneutral zone conditions. This study highlights the direct effects of temperature conditions on health in pregnancy and provides a foundation for future studies to investigate fetal health consequences that are associated with intermittent heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karike Olivier
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Lauren A Reinders
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Rachael C Crew
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.
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12
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Rakshasbhuvankar AA, Simmer K, Patole SK, Stoecklin B, Nathan EA, Clarke MW, Pillow JJ. Enteral Vitamin A for Reducing Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-009985. [PMID: 33386338 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-009985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that intramuscular vitamin A reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Our objective was to compare enteral water-soluble vitamin A with placebo supplementation to reduce the severity of BPD in extremely preterm infants. METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in infants <28 weeks' gestation who were to receive either enteral water-soluble vitamin A (5000 IU per day) or a placebo. Supplementation was started within 24 hours of introduction of feeds and continued until 34 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The primary outcome was the severity of BPD, assessed by using the right shift of the pulse oximeter saturation versus the inspired oxygen pressure curve. RESULTS A total of 188 infants were randomly assigned. The mean ± SD birth weight (852 ± 201 vs 852 ± 211 g) and gestation (25.8 ± 1.49 vs 26.0 ± 1.39 weeks) were comparable between the vitamin A and placebo groups. There was no difference in the right shift (median [25th-75th percentiles]) of the pulse oximeter saturation versus inspired oxygen pressure curve (in kilopascals) between the vitamin A (11.1 [9.5-13.7]) and placebo groups (10.7 [9.5-13.1]) (P = .73). Enteral vitamin A did not affect diagnosis of BPD or other clinical outcomes. Plasma retinol levels were significantly higher in the vitamin A group versus the placebo group on day 28 and at 34 weeks' PMA. CONCLUSIONS Enteral water-soluble vitamin A supplementation improves plasma retinol levels in extremely preterm infants but does not reduce the severity of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A Rakshasbhuvankar
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit and .,Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Karen Simmer
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit and.,Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjay K Patole
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit and.,Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Stoecklin
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit and.,Centre for Child Health Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and.,Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth A Nathan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Centre for Child Health Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Anatomy and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
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13
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Hillman NH, Abugisisa L, Royse E, Fee E, Kemp MW, Kramer BW, Schmidt AF, Salomone F, Clarke MW, Musk GC, Jobe AH. Dose of budesonide with surfactant affects lung and systemic inflammation after normal and injurious ventilation in preterm lambs. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:726-732. [PMID: 32066138 PMCID: PMC8717708 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of budesonide (Bud) 0.25 mg/kg to surfactant decreased the lung and systemic responses to mechanical ventilation in preterm sheep and the rates and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. We hypothesized that lower budesonide concentrations in surfactant will decrease injury while decreasing systemic corticosteroid exposure. METHODS Preterm lambs received either (1) protective tidal volume (VT) ventilation with surfactant from birth or (2) injurious VT ventilation for 15 min and then surfactant treatment. Lambs were further assigned to surfactant mixed with (i) Saline, (ii) Bud 0.25 mg/kg, (iii) Bud 0.1 mg/kg, or (iv) Bud 0.04 mg/kg. All lambs were then ventilated with protective VT for 6 h. RESULTS Plasma Bud levels were proportional to the dose received and decreased throughout ventilation. In both protective and injurious VT ventilation, <4% of Bud remained in the lung at 6 h. Some of the improvements in physiology and markers of injury with Bud 0.25 mg/kg were also found with 0.1 mg/kg, whereas 0.04 mg/kg had only minimal effects. CONCLUSIONS Lower doses of Bud were less effective at decreasing lung and systemic inflammation from mechanical ventilation. The plasma Bud levels were proportional to dose given and the majority left the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah H Hillman
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Leenah Abugisisa
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104
| | - Emily Royse
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104
| | - Erin Fee
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 6009
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 6009
| | | | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Univ. Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gabrielle C Musk
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 6009,Animal Care Services, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 6009
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229,School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 6009
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14
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Oktaria V, Graham SM, Triasih R, Soenarto Y, Bines JE, Ponsonby AL, Clarke MW, Dinari R, Nirwati H, Danchin M. The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239603. [PMID: 33017838 PMCID: PMC7535980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency in infants has been associated with an increased risk of a number of diseases but there are limited data on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency from tropical settings with high infant morbidity and mortality. Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in infants at birth and at six months of age in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Design Serum vitamin D of eligible infants was measured in cord blood at birth and at six months of age. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) were collected prospectively monthly from birth and concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Independent risk factors were identified by multiple logistic regression. Results Between December 2015 to December 2017, 350 maternal-newborn participants were recruited and followed up. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 90% (308/344) of cord blood samples and 13% (33/255) of venous blood samples at six months. Longer time outdoors (≥2 hours per day) and maternal multivitamin intake containing vitamin D during pregnancy were protective against vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.90 and AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.68, respectively). Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency at six months included lower cumulative skin-sun exposure score (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20), severe vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 7.73, 95% CI: 1.20–49.60) and exclusive breastfeeding (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.07–6.49) until six months. Among exclusively breast fed (EBF) infants, a higher skin-sun exposure score was associated with reduced vitamin D deficiency risk. Conclusion In equatorial regions, the role of ‘safe’ morning sun exposure in infants and mothers in populations with medium to dark brown skin pigmentation and effective interventions to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns and EBF infants, need further consideration and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicka Oktaria
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen M. Graham
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rina Triasih
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie E. Bines
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rizka Dinari
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hera Nirwati
- Paediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Margaret Danchin
- Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Clarke MW, Black LJ, Hart PH, Jones AP, Palmer DJ, Siafarikas A, Lucas RM, Gorman S. Corrigendum to "The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva" [J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 194 (2019) 105437]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105474. [PMID: 31711678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anderson P Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Debra J Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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16
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Rueter K, Black LJ, Jones A, Bulsara M, Clarke MW, Gamez C, Lim EM, Palmer DJ, Prescott SL, Siafarikas A. Analytical Bias in the Measurement of Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Infants. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17020412. [PMID: 31936279 PMCID: PMC7014414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent worldwide; however, analytical bias in the measurement of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations may affect clinical treatment decisions and research. We performed parallel plasma 25(OH)D analyses using the Abbott Architect i2000 chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for paired samples from the same infants at 3 (n = 69), 6 (n = 79) and 12 months (n = 73) of age. To test agreement, we used Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and corresponding 95% confidence interval, Bland–Altman’s limits of agreement, and Bradley–Blackwood (BB) test. Agreement was high at 3 months (coefficient between difference and mean −0.076; BB F = 0.825; p = 0.440), good at 12 months (−0.25; BB F = 2.41; p = 0.097) but missing at 6 months of age (−0.39; BB F = 12.30; p < 0.001). Overall, 18 infants had disparate results based on the cut-off point for vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L), particularly at three months, with seven (10%) infants deficient according to CIA but not LC–MS/MS, and four (6%) deficient by LC–MS/MS but not CIA. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the reported 25(OH)D concentration may be influenced by both age and assay type. Physicians and researchers should be aware of these pitfalls when measuring circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in infants and when developing treatment plans based on measured vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rueter
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (A.J.); (C.G.); (D.J.P.); (S.L.P.); (A.S.)
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Immunology, Perth 6009, Australia
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucinda J. Black
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;
| | - Anderson Jones
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (A.J.); (C.G.); (D.J.P.); (S.L.P.); (A.S.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle 6160, Australia;
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Cristina Gamez
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (A.J.); (C.G.); (D.J.P.); (S.L.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ee M. Lim
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Perth 6009, Australia;
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (A.J.); (C.G.); (D.J.P.); (S.L.P.); (A.S.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (A.J.); (C.G.); (D.J.P.); (S.L.P.); (A.S.)
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Immunology, Perth 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (A.J.); (C.G.); (D.J.P.); (S.L.P.); (A.S.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle 6160, Australia;
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth 6009, Australia
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17
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Hillman NH, Kothe TB, Schmidt AF, Kemp MW, Royse E, Fee E, Salomone F, Clarke MW, Musk GC, Jobe AH. Surfactant plus budesonide decreases lung and systemic responses to injurious ventilation in preterm sheep. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L41-L48. [PMID: 31617728 PMCID: PMC6985873 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00203.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation from birth with normal tidal volumes (VT) causes lung injury and systemic responses in preterm sheep. The addition of budesonide to surfactant therapy decreases these injury markers. Budesonide and surfactant will decrease the injury from injurious VT ventilation in preterm sheep. Lambs at 126 ± 1 day gestational age were ventilated from birth with either: 1) Normal VT [surfactant 200 mg/kg before ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cmH2O, VT 8 mL/kg] or 2) Injury VT (high pressure, 100% oxygen, no PEEP) for 15 min, then further randomized to surfactant + saline or surfactant + 0.25 mg/kg budesonide with Normal VT for 6 h. Lung function and lung, liver, and brain tissues were evaluated for indicators of injury. Injury VT + saline caused significant injury and systemic responses, and Injury VT + budesonide improved lung physiology. Budesonide decreased lung inflammation and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in the lung, liver, and brain to levels similar to Normal VT + saline. Budesonide was present in plasma within 15 min of treatment in both ventilation groups, and less than 5% of the budesonide remained in the lung at 6 h. mRNA sequencing of liver and periventricular white matter demonstrated multiple pathways altered by both Injury VT and budesonide and the combination exposure. In lambs receiving Injury VT, the addition of budesonide to surfactant improved lung physiology and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the lung, liver, and brain to levels similar to lambs receiving Normal VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah H Hillman
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - T Brett Kothe
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Royse
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erin Fee
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle C Musk
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Animal Care Services, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Rakshasbhuvankar AA, Clarke MW, Simmer K, Patole SK, Pillow JJ. Saliva for Assessing Vitamin A Status in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Diagnostic Study. Neonatology 2020; 117:365-368. [PMID: 32114572 DOI: 10.1159/000506132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary measurement of hormones and vitamins is gaining prominence as a minimally invasive procedure with the negligible potential for harm. We aimed to assess the utility of saliva for assessing vitamin A status in extremely preterm infants. METHODS Paired saliva and blood samples were collected at 4 weeks of age from infants born <28 weeks of gestation using a proprietary polymer swab. Plasma retinol was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and salivary retinol was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Thirty infants were recruited with a median (IQR) gestation and birth weight of 26.2 weeks (24.8-27.2) and 865 g (718-1,002), respectively. An adequate volume of saliva (>50 µL) was obtained in 68%. There was no significant correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.16, p = 0.3) between individual plasma and salivary retinol levels. Bland-Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement (-113 to +119%) between individual plasma and salivary retinol levels. CONCLUSION Individual vitamin A status cannot be determined reliably from saliva in extremely preterm infants using current collection materials and analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A Rakshasbhuvankar
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Washington, Australia, .,The UWA Centre for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia, .,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia,
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Washington, Australia.,The UWA Centre for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Sanjay K Patole
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Washington, Australia.,The UWA Centre for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- The UWA Centre for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
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19
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Clarke MW, Black LJ, Hart PH, Jones AP, Palmer DJ, Siafarikas A, Lucas RM, Gorman S. The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105437. [PMID: 31352025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurately detecting vitamin D deficiency (defined as concentration in blood of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), <20 ng/mL) is important for both clinicians and researchers. Drawing blood may be difficult in some populations, such as infants and children. We thus explored the development of a method to measure 25(OH)D concentrations in saliva, using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Using 25(OH)D3 standards spiked into synthetic saliva, we generated a standard curve with high correlation (r = 0.999, Pearson's); the intra-assay and inter-assay variation were ≤3.2% and ≤13.2% (CV%), respectively. Passive collection of saliva via drooling into glass or polypropylene tubes yielded higher levels of 25(OH)D3 than chewing on a synthetic swab. Chewing gum for at least 4 min reduced saliva levels of 25(OH)D3. Differences in the levels of 25(OH)D3 in saliva between the passive drooling and stimulated swab-chewing methods were normalised by adjusting for measured levels of vitamin D binding protein in saliva. Freezing samples immediately, or after 24 h of refrigeration did not affect 25(OH)D3 levels. When saliva levels of 25(OH)D3 were averaged from samples collected daily for three consecutive days, for which an additional centrifugation step was performed after samples were defrosted (to remove mucin), there was a positive (but non-significant) correlation between 25(OH)D3 levels in saliva and serum (r = 0.57, p = 0.24, Pearson's) with significant correlations (r ≥ 0.88, p < 0.05) observed after further adjusting for saliva flow rate. The time of day of the collection made little difference to 25(OH)D3 levels measured in saliva. In conclusion, we have developed an LC-MS/MS assay that accurately measures saliva 25(OH)D3 levels, which correlated with serum levels. However, for a measurement that correlates with serum 25(OH)D it may be necessary to average results from saliva collected on three consecutive days, and adjust for differences in saliva flow rate. This would increase costs, and combined with the processing requirements for samples, could limit the applicability of this assay to large cohort and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anderson P Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Debra J Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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20
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Horan MP, Hoffmann P, Briggs MT, Condina M, Herbert S, Ito J, Rodger A, McKay M, Maltby D, Crossett B, Abudulai LN, Clarke MW, Badrick T. An external quality assurance trial to assess mass spectrometry protein testing facilities for identifying multiple human peptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6575-6581. [PMID: 31384985 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of proteomic liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for identifying proteins and peptides associated with human disease is rapidly growing in clinical diagnostics. However, the ability to accurately and consistently detect disease-associated peptides remains clinically uncertain. Variability in diagnostic testing occurs in part due to the absence of appropriate reference testing materials and standardised clinical guidelines for proteomic testing. In addition, multiple proteomic testing pipelines have not been fully assessed through external quality assurance (EQA). This trial was therefore devised to evaluate the performance of a small number of mass spectrometry (MS) testing facilities to (i) evaluate the EQA material for potential usage in a proteomic quality assurance program, and to (ii) identify key problem areas associated with human peptide testing. Five laboratories were sent six peptide reference testing samples formulated to contain a total of 35 peptides in differing ratios of light (natural) to heavy (labelled) peptides. Proficiency assessment of laboratory data used a modified approach to similarity and dissimilarity testing that was based on Bray-Curtis and Sorensen indices. Proficiency EQA concordant consensus values could not be derived from the assessed data since none of the laboratories correctly identified all reference testing peptides in all samples. However, the produced data may be reflective of specific inter-laboratory differences for detecting multiple peptides since no two testing pipelines used were the same for any laboratory. In addition, laboratory feedback indicated that peptide filtering of the reference material was a common key problem area prior to analysis. These data highlight the importance of an EQA programme for identifying underlying testing issues so that improvements can be made and confidence for clinical diagnostic analysis can be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Horan
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs, Molecular Genetics, 8 Herbert Street, St Leonard's, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Matthew T Briggs
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Mark Condina
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Shane Herbert
- Proteomics International Pty Ltd, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Ito
- Proteomics International Pty Ltd, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alison Rodger
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, 4 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew McKay
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, 4 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - David Maltby
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Laila N Abudulai
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,The University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,The University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tony Badrick
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs, Molecular Genetics, 8 Herbert Street, St Leonard's, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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21
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Schmidt AF, Kemp MW, Milad M, Miller LA, Bridges JP, Clarke MW, Kannan PS, Jobe AH. Oral dosing for antenatal corticosteroids in the Rhesus macaque. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222817. [PMID: 31536601 PMCID: PMC6752828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are standard of care for women at risk of preterm delivery, although choice of drug, dose or route have not been systematically evaluated. Further, ACS are infrequently used in low resource environments where most of the mortality from prematurity occurs. We report proof of principle experiments to test betamethasone-phosphate (Beta-P) or dexamethasone-phosphate (Dex-P) given orally in comparison to the clinical treatment with the intramuscular combination drug beta-phosphate plus beta-acetate in a Rhesus Macaque model. First, we performed pharmacokinetic studies in non-pregnant monkeys to compare blood levels of the steroids using oral dosing with Beta-P, Dex-P and an effective maternal intramuscular dose of the beta-acetate component of the clinical treatment. We then evaluated maternal and fetal blood steroid levels with limited fetal sampling under ultrasound guidance in pregnant macaques. We found that oral Beta is more slowly cleared from plasma than oral Dex. The blood levels of both drugs were lower in maternal plasma of pregnant than in non-pregnant macaques. Using the pharmacokinetic data, we treated groups of 6–8 pregnant monkeys with oral Beta-P, oral Dex-P, or the maternal intramuscular clinical treatment and saline controls and measured pressure-volume curves to assess corticosteroid effects on lung maturation at 5d. Oral Beta-P improved the pressure-volume curves similarly to the clinical treatment. Oral Dex-P gave more variable and nonsignificant responses. We then compared gene expression in the fetal lung, liver and hippocampus between oral Beta-P and the clinical treatment by RNA-sequencing. The transcriptomes were largely similar with small gene expression differences in the lung and liver, and no differences in the hippocampus between the groups. As proof of principle, ACS therapy can be effective using inexpensive and widely available oral drugs. Clinical dosing strategies must carefully consider the pharmacokinetics of oral Beta-P or Dex-P to minimize fetal exposure while achieving the desired treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto F. Schmidt
- Department of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Mark Milad
- Milad Pharmaceutical consulting LLC, Plymouth, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James P. Bridges
- Department of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paranthaman S. Kannan
- Department of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alan H. Jobe
- Department of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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22
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Haifer C, Lawrance IC, Center JR, Clarke MW, Hart PH, Eisman JA, Lucas R, Ghaly S. Vitamin D metabolites are lower with active Crohn's disease and spontaneously recover with development of remission. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819865144. [PMID: 31384306 PMCID: PMC6661794 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819865144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with active Crohn's disease (CD). However, it remains unclear if lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is the cause, or consequence, of intestinal inflammation. Existing literature has focused on circulating 25(OH)D rather than the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D, or its breakdown product, 24,25(OH)2D. We aimed to characterise vitamin D metabolism in a cohort of patients with active and inactive CD. METHODS Fifty-four patients with CD and not on corticosteroids or vitamin D supplements, were enrolled in a 6-month prospective cohort study. Sera were collected on enrolment and at 6 months and tested for 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy as well as vitamin-D-binding protein. RESULTS There were no differences in 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D levels between participants with active versus inactive disease. Levels of 24,25(OH)2D were significantly lower in those with active compared with inactive disease (mean 3.9 versus 6.0 µmol/l; p = 0.007) and therefore the ratio of 25(OH)D:24,25(OH)2D was higher (mean 17.3 versus 11.1; p = 0.001). In those patients with active disease who achieved remission, there was a mean increase in 25(OH)D of 32.3 nmol/l (i.e. to a level in the sufficient range) and 24,25(OH)2D of 2.1 µmol/l. These increases were not seen in patients with persistently active or inactive disease. CONCLUSION Levels of 24,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, were lower in patients with active CD, and spontaneously increased with resolution of underlying inflammation. The utility of 24,25(OH)2D as a biomarker of disease activity and vitamin D status in CD warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian C. Lawrance
- St John of God Hospital, Centre for Inflammatory
Bowel Disease, Subiaco, Australia,The University of Western Australia, Faculty of
Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R. Center
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent’s Hospital, Department of
Endocrinology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- The University of Western Australia, Centre for
Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, Perth, Australia
| | - Prue H. Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, Inflammation, Subiaco,
Australia
| | - John A. Eisman
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent’s Hospital, Department of
Endocrinology, Sydney, Australia,The University of Notre Dame, School of
Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robyn Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population
Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Simon Ghaly
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Department of
Gastroenterology, Sydney, Australia,The University of Western Australia, Faculty of
Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Australia
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23
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Crew RC, Rakonjac A, Tesic D, Clarke MW, Yates NJ, Wyrwoll CS. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during rat gestation elicits a milder phenotype compared to the mouse model: Implications for the placental glucocorticoid barrier. Placenta 2019; 83:5-7. [PMID: 31477207 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal vitamin D deficiency disturbs fetal development and programmes neurodevelopmental complications in offspring, possibly through increased fetal glucocorticoid exposure. We aimed to determine whether prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoids underlies our rat model of early-life vitamin D deficiency, leading to altered adult behaviours. Vitamin D deficiency reduced the expression of the glucocorticoid-inactivating enzyme Hsd11b2 in the female placenta, but did not alter maternal glucocorticoid levels, feto-placental weights, or placental expression of other glucocorticoid-related genes at mid-gestation. This differs to the phenotype previously observed in vitamin D deficient mice, and highlights important modelling considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C Crew
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ana Rakonjac
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dijana Tesic
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nathanael J Yates
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Asia-Pacific Centre for Neuromodulation, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
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24
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Kothe TB, Kemp MW, Schmidt A, Royse E, Salomone F, Clarke MW, Musk GC, Jobe AH, Hillman NH. Surfactant plus budesonide decreases lung and systemic inflammation in mechanically ventilated preterm sheep. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L888-L893. [PMID: 30838863 PMCID: PMC6589588 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00477.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation with normal tidal volumes (VT) causes lung and systemic inflammation in preterm sheep. Mechanical ventilation is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, and the addition of budesonide to surfactant decreases BPD in clinical trials. Budesonide with surfactant will decrease the lung injury from mechanical ventilation for 24 h in preterm sheep. Lambs at 126 ± 1 day gestational age were delivered and randomized to either: 1) surfactant (200 mg/kg) or 2) surfactant mixed with budesonide (0.25 mg/kg) before mechanical ventilation with VT of 7-8 ml/kg for 2, 6, or 24 h (n = 6 or 7/group). Lung physiology and budesonide levels in the plasma and the lung were measured. Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), liver, and brain tissues were evaluated for indicators of injury. High initial budesonide plasma levels of 170 ng/ml decreased to 3 ng/ml at 24 h. Lung tissue budesonide levels were less than 1% of initial dose by 24 h. Although physiological variables were generally similar, budesonide-exposed lambs required lower mean airway pressures, had higher hyperoxia responses, and had more stable blood pressures. Budesonide decreased proinflammatory mRNA in the lung, liver, and brain. Budesonide also decreased total protein and proinflammatory cytokines in BALF, and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase activation at 24 h. In ventilated preterm lambs, most of the budesonide left the lung within 24 h. The addition of budesonide to surfactant improved physiology, decreased markers of lung injury, and decreased systemic responses in liver and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brett Kothe
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
| | - Augusto Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily Royse
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma , Italy
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
| | - Gabrielle C Musk
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
- Animal Care Services, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
| | - Alan H Jobe
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Noah H Hillman
- Division of Neonatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
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25
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Ghaly S, Bliuc D, Center JR, Clarke MW, Jones AP, Trend S, Kermode AG, Neale RE, Hart PH. Vitamin D C3-epimer levels are proportionally higher with oral vitamin D supplementation compared to ultraviolet irradiation of skin in mice but not humans. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:110-116. [PMID: 30296587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)) undergoes epimerization to form C3-epi 25(OH)D3 and C3-epi 1,25(OH)2D3. These epimers have less calcaemic activity than non-epimerized metabolites and are not differentiated by many immunoassays when reporting total 25(OH)D3 levels. This study aimed to compare the effect of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and oral vitamin D3 supplementation on vitamin D C3-epimer levels. C57Bl/6 female mice were fed either vitamin D-sufficient (vitamin D3 2000 IU/kg) or -deficient diets (no vitamin D3) for 4 weeks. Among the vitamin D-deficient group, the shaved backs of half were irradiated daily for 4 days with 1 kJ/m2 UVR, followed by twice weekly irradiation for 4 weeks. Despite similar 25(OH)D3 levels, the UV-irradiated group had a lower proportion of C3-epi 25(OH)D3 at week 7 (p < 0.05) and week 9 (p < 0.01). C3-epimer concentrations and %C3-epi 25(OH)D3 were also analysed in serum samples from two human clinical trials. These trials investigated the effect of high dose oral vitamin D3 supplementation and narrowband UVB phototherapy, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D3 and the %C3-epi 25(OH)D3 levels measured at 12 months after oral vitamin D3 supplementation were not significantly different to those measured at the time of maximal effect of phototherapy (2 months). Thus, the proportion of 25(OH)D3 that undergoes epimerization is greater with oral vitamin D3 supplementation than exposure to UVR in mice, but not in humans. This important difference between human and murine vitamin D metabolism warrants consideration when interpreting animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ghaly
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Clinical Studies and Epidemiology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Clinical Studies and Epidemiology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anderson P Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Cancer Aetiology and Prevention Group, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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26
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Zhong L, Wu G, Fang Z, Wahlqvist ML, Hodgson JM, Clarke MW, Junaldi E, Johnson SK. Characterization of polyphenols in Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed coat by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2018; 116:1153-1162. [PMID: 30716901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Seeds of the legume lupin (Lupinus spp.) are becoming increasingly important as human food. The seed coat, at ~25% of the whole seed of Lupinus angustifolius (Australian sweet lupin, ASL), is the main by-product of lupin kernel flour production. The primary market for lupin seed coat is low value feed with very limited use in foods. In this study, seed coats of six ASL commercial varieties from two growing sites were sampled for identification and quantification of polyphenols using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) and coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer which equipped with electrospray ionization source (ESI-MS/MS). Three flavones (apigenin-7-O-β-apiofuranosyl-6,8-di-C-β-glucopyranoside, vicenin 2, and apigenin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside), one isoflavone (genistein) and one dihydroflavonol derivative (aromadendrin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), and several hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were identified. Considerable variations in levels of individual polyphenols were found but apigenin-7-O-β-apiofuranosyl-6,8-di-C-β-glucopyranoside was the predominant polyphenol in all samples accounting for 73.08-82.89% of the total free polyphenols. These results suggest that ASL seed coat could be valuable dietary source of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezhou Zhong
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark L Wahlqvist
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia; Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Edwin Junaldi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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27
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Tan DW, Maybery MT, Clarke MW, Di Lorenzo R, Evans MO, Mancinone M, Panos C, Whitehouse AJO. No relationship between autistic traits and salivary testosterone concentrations in men from the general population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198779. [PMID: 29902186 PMCID: PMC6002020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that testosterone may play a part in the higher prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in males compared to females. Previous studies have reported elevated postnatal testosterone levels in children and women with ASD but not in men. We compared levels of salivary testosterone across 67 undergraduate males (Mage 19.5 yrs, SD 1.92) selected for low, mid-range and high levels of autistic traits assessed using the Autism-spectrum Quotient. Analyses revealed no significant differences in testosterone concentrations across the three groups. The current data add to the increasing evidence for the lack of relationship between autistic traits and postnatal levels of testosterone in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Weiting Tan
- Neurocognitive Developmental Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Murray T. Maybery
- Neurocognitive Developmental Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Biological and Molecular Mass Spectrometry Facility, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Renata Di Lorenzo
- Neurocognitive Developmental Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa O. Evans
- Neurocognitive Developmental Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Mancinone
- Neurocognitive Developmental Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina Panos
- Neurocognitive Developmental Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J. O. Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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28
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Khan SR, Whiteman DC, Kimlin MG, Janda M, Clarke MW, Lucas RM, Neale RE. Effect of solar ultraviolet radiation exposure on serum 25(OH)D concentration: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:570-577. [PMID: 29619453 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight generates vitamin D, but there are scant human data from randomised trials on which to base health policy advice about how much sun exposure is necessary to change 25(OH)D concentrations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure to generate a change in 25(OH)D concentration in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). The intervention tested in this RCT was supervised exposure to one standard erythemal dose (SED; 100 J m-2) of solar UV radiation three days per week for three weeks with approximately 35% of the body surface area not covered by clothing. Thirty-six fair-skinned (skin type II and III) indoor workers from Brisbane, Australia were randomised into either the intervention group (n = 16) or the control group (n = 20); the latter did not receive any supervised sun exposure. We asked both groups to use sunscreen and to minimise time outdoors during the study period. We collected blood samples at baseline, once per week during the three week intervention period, and four weeks after the intervention finished. The cumulative UV radiation exposure over the intervention period measured using polysulphone badges was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (median 8 vs. 4 SEDs, p = 0.14). After three weeks, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration increased from 60 to 65 nmol l-1 in the intervention group and from 55 to 57 nmol l-1 in the control group. After adjustment for baseline 25(OH)D, the mean change per week during the intervention phase was non-significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group (0.7 vs. 0.3; p = 0.35). This difference was not sustained during the follow-up period. Large field trials are needed to inform policy about how much natural sun exposure is required to raise 25(OH)D concentrations. This pilot identified key issues that need to be considered in the design of such a trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchita R Khan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia and Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- Health Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia and Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, ACT, Australia and Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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29
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Yates NJ, Tesic D, Feindel KW, Smith JT, Clarke MW, Wale C, Crew RC, Wharfe MD, Whitehouse AJO, Wyrwoll CS. Vitamin D is crucial for maternal care and offspring social behaviour in rats. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:73-85. [PMID: 29559544 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early life vitamin D plays a prominent role in neurodevelopment and subsequent brain function, including schizophrenic-like outcomes and increasing evidence for an association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we investigate how early life vitamin D deficiency during rat pregnancy and lactation alters maternal care and influences neurodevelopment and affective, cognitive and social behaviours in male adult offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either a vitamin D control (2195 IU/kg) or deficient diet (0 IU/kg) for five weeks before timed mating, and diet exposure was maintained until weaning of offspring on postnatal day (PND) 23. MRI scans were conducted to assess brain morphology, and plasma corticosterone levels and neural expression of genes associated with language, dopamine and glucocorticoid exposure were characterised at PND1, PND12 and 4 months of age. Compared to controls, vitamin D-deficient dams exhibited decreased licking and grooming of their pups but no differences in pup retrieval. Offspring neurodevelopmental markers were unaltered, but vitamin D-deficient pup ultrasonic vocalisations were atypical. As adults, males that had been exposed to vitamin D deficiency in early life exhibited decreased social behaviour, impaired learning and memory outcomes and increased grooming behaviour, but unaltered affective behaviours. Accompanying these behavioural changes was an increase in lateral ventricle volume, decreased cortical FOXP2 (a protein implicated in language and communication) and altered neural expression of genes involved in dopamine and glucocorticoid-related pathways. These data highlight that early life levels of vitamin D are an important consideration for maternal behavioural adaptations as well as offspring neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael J Yates
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dijana Tesic
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kirk W Feindel
- Centre for MicroscopyCharacterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jeremy T Smith
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Metabolomics AustraliaCentre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Celeste Wale
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachael C Crew
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michaela D Wharfe
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Dunican IC, Higgins CC, Jones MJ, Clarke MW, Murray K, Dawson B, Caldwell JA, Halson SL, Eastwood PR. Caffeine use in a Super Rugby game and its relationship to post-game sleep. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:513-523. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1433238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Dunican
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Maddison J. Jones
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Shona L. Halson
- Department of Physiology, The Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter R. Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Wu G, Bornman JF, Bennett SJ, Clarke MW, Fang Z, Johnson SK. Individual polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in sorghum grains are influenced by very low and high solar UV radiation and genotype. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sempos CT, Betz JM, Camara JE, Carter GD, Cavalier E, Clarke MW, Dowling KG, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Hoofnagle AN, Liu A, Phinney KW, Sarafin K, Wise SA, Coates PM. General Steps to Standardize the Laboratory Measurement of Serum Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1230-1233. [PMID: 28766476 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.17-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has collaborated with numerous groups and agencies to assemble a set of tools, i.e., a reference measurement system, that can be used to establish the traceability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] assays to relevant reference measurement procedures and reference materials. This is done with the goal of verifying end-user laboratory performance using precise statistical criteria to determine whether a specific assay is standardized. The purpose of this paper was to outline a set of steps that routine clinical and research laboratories can use to standardize their 25(OH)D assays using these tools. These steps apply to laboratories using commercially developed immunoassay measurement systems as well as in-house assays, usually based on high HPLC or LC tandem MS measurement systems. The steps are (1) initial calibration, (2) initial assessment of accuracy and bias, (3) assessment of total percent CV and mean bias, (4) use of trueness controls, and (5) participation in accuracy-based performance testing and/or external quality assessment schemes. The goal of each laboratory assay is to have a total CV of ≤10% and mean bias of ≤5%. Rigorous and less rigorous but low-cost options for meeting these statistical criteria are provided. Research laboratories who infrequently measure 25(OH)D are advised to repeat steps 1-4 for every measurement cycle. For users of commercial immunoassays who have relatively little control over standardization, we present an option for using trueness controls to develop a master equation that can be used to standardize results to the reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Betz
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
| | - Johanna E Camara
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Graham D Carter
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- University of Liège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael W Clarke
- The University of Western Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, Perth, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - Kirsten G Dowling
- University College Cork, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Andy Liu
- Sonic Healthcare, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen W Phinney
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biomolecular Measurement Division, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Kurtis Sarafin
- Health Canada, Nutrition Research Division, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Wise
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul M Coates
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
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Wu G, Bennett SJ, Bornman JF, Clarke MW, Fang Z, Johnson SK. Phenolic profile and content of sorghum grains under different irrigation managements. Food Res Int 2017; 97:347-355. [PMID: 28578059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum grain is widely consumed in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, as a staple food due to its adaptation to harsh environments. The impact of irrigation regime: full irrigation (100%); deficit irrigation (50%); and severe deficit irrigation (25%) on phenolic profile and content of six sorghum grain genotypes was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). A total of 25 individual polyphenols were unequivocally or tentatively identified. Compared to the colored-grain genotypes, the white grained sorghum var. Liberty had a simpler polyphenol profile. The concentrations of the sorghum-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidins luteolinidin and apigeninidin, were higher under deficit irrigation compared to the other two regimes in all genotypes. These findings will be valuable for the selection of sorghum genotypes for grain production as human food under water deficit conditions, since polyphenol levels can affect the grain's nutritional value and health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcheng Wu
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Sarita J Bennett
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Janet F Bornman
- International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS), Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis - M310, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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Wharfe MD, Mark PJ, Wyrwoll CS, Smith JT, Yap C, Clarke MW, Waddell BJ. Pregnancy-induced adaptations of the central circadian clock and maternal glucocorticoids. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:135-47. [PMID: 26883207 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal physiological adaptations, such as changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are central to pregnancy success. Circadian variation of the HPA axis is dependent on clock gene rhythms in the hypothalamus, but it is not known whether pregnancy-induced changes in maternal glucocorticoid levels are mediated via this central clock. We hypothesized that hypothalamic expression of clock genes changes across mouse pregnancy and this is linked to altered HPA activity. The anterior hypothalamus and maternal plasma were collected from C57Bl/6J mice prior to pregnancy and on days 6, 10, 14 and 18 of gestation (term=d19), across a 24-h period (0800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 0000, 0400 h). Hypothalamic expression of clock genes and Crh was determined by qPCR, plasma ACTH concentration measured by Milliplex assay and plasma corticosterone concentration by LC-MS/MS. Expression of all clock genes varied markedly across gestation, most notably at mid-gestation when levels of each gene were elevated. The pregnancy-induced increase in maternal corticosterone levels (by up to 14-fold on day 14) was not accompanied by a parallel shift in plasma ACTH (28% lower on day 14 compared with non-pregnant levels). Moreover, while circadian rhythmicity in corticosterone was maintained up to day 14 of gestation, this was effectively lost by day 18. Overall, our data show that the central circadian clock undergoes marked adaptations throughout mouse pregnancy, changes that are likely to contribute to maternal physiological adaptations. Importantly, however, neither hypothalamic clock genes nor plasma ACTH levels appear to drive the marked increase in maternal corticosterone after mid-gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela D Wharfe
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jeremy T Smith
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Cassandra Yap
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan J Waddell
- School of AnatomyPhysiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics AustraliaThe University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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Wu G, Johnson SK, Bornman JF, Bennett SJ, Clarke MW, Singh V, Fang Z. Growth temperature and genotype both play important roles in sorghum grain phenolic composition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21835. [PMID: 26907726 PMCID: PMC4764825 DOI: 10.1038/srep21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols in sorghum grains are a source of dietary antioxidants. Polyphenols in six diverse sorghum genotypes grown under two day/night temperature regimes of optimal temperature (OT, 32/21 °C and high temperature (HT, 38/21 °C) were investigated. A total of 23 phenolic compounds were positively or tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESIMS. Compared with other pigmented types, the phenolic profile of white sorghum PI563516 was simpler, since fewer polyphenols were detected. Brown sorghum IS 8525 had the highest levels of caffeic and ferulic acid, but apigenin and luteolin were not detected. Free luteolinidin and apigeninidin levels were lower under HT than OT across all genotypes (p ≤ 0.05), suggesting HT could have inhibited 3-deoxyanthocyanidins formation. These results provide new information on the effects of HT on specific polyphenols in various Australian sorghum genotypes, which might be used as a guide to grow high antioxidant sorghum grains under projected high temperature in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcheng Wu
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Johnson
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Janet F. Bornman
- International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS), Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Sarita J. Bennett
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Vijaya Singh
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Black LJ, Anderson D, Clarke MW, Ponsonby AL, Lucas RM. Analytical Bias in the Measurement of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Impairs Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Clinical and Research Settings. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135478. [PMID: 26266807 PMCID: PMC4534132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations vary depending on the type of assay used and the specific laboratory undertaking the analysis, impairing the accurate assessment of vitamin D status. We investigated differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations measured at three laboratories (laboratories A and B using an assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and laboratory C using a DiaSorin Liaison assay), against a laboratory using an assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry that is certified to the standard reference method developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Ghent University (referred to as the 'certified laboratory'). Separate aliquots from the same original serum sample for a subset of 50 participants from the Ausimmune Study were analysed at the four laboratories. Bland-Altman plots were used to visually check agreement between each laboratory against the certified laboratory. Compared with the certified laboratory, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were on average 12.4 nmol/L higher at laboratory A (95% limits of agreement: -17.8,42.6); 12.8 nmol/L higher at laboratory B (95% limits of agreement: 0.8,24.8); and 10.6 nmol/L lower at laboratory C (95% limits of agreement: -48.4,27.1). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (defined here as 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) was 24%, 16%, 12% and 41% at the certified laboratory, and laboratories A, B, and C, respectively. Our results demonstrate considerable differences in the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared with a certified laboratory, even between laboratories using assays based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which is often considered the gold-standard assay. To ensure accurate and reliable measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, all laboratories should use an accuracy-based quality assurance system and, ideally, comply with international standardisation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J. Black
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Centre for Metabolomics, Metabolomics Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Lucas
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Albarhani AA, Collier F, Greaves RF, Ponsonby AL, Allen KJ, Vuillermin PJ, Roche P, Clarke MW. Vitamins D and A can be successfully measured by LC-MS/MS in cord blood diluted plasma. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1105-12. [PMID: 25920890 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In widely used protocols for the collection and isolation of cord blood mononuclear cells, investigators are left with substantial volumes of diluted plasma which could be used for other measurements. The aim of this study was to ascertain the validity of umbilical cord blood (UCB) diluted plasma samples for vitamin D, A and E analysis compared to UCB serum samples. DESIGN & METHODS Twenty UCB matched samples of diluted plasma and serum were collected. The samples were analysed by two liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods on two separate occasions. RESULTS The results of 25(OH)D3 obtained by the two laboratories demonstrated close agreement with a mean difference of 0.14nmol/L [95% confidence interval (95% CI), -6.8 to 7.1]. Both methods demonstrate close agreement for 25(OH)D3 in UCB serum versus diluted UCB plasma; mean difference 2.2nmol/L [95% CI, -9.5 to 13.9] and 4.1nmol/L [95% CI, -14.5 to 6.1] for the results from Lab A and Lab B, respectively. Vitamin A was quantified by Lab A in UCB serum and diluted UCB plasma; mean difference 0.07μmol/L [95% CI, -0.41 to 0.28]. Results of 25(OH)D3 epimer and vitamin E in the diluted UCB plasma were below the limit of quantification, and could not be compared with UCB serum. CONCLUSIONS Diluted UCB plasma can be used for the quantification of retinol and 25(OH)D3 by LC-MS/MS. By contrast, quantification of 25(OH)D3 epimer and vitamin E in diluted UCB plasma is not supported by this study due to limitations in analytical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Albarhani
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Security Forces Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ronda F Greaves
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Deakin University, Victoria, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Roche
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
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de Busserolles F, Hart NS, Hunt DM, Davies WI, Marshall NJ, Clarke MW, Hahne D, Collin SP. Spectral Tuning in the Eyes of Deep-Sea Lanternfishes (Myctophidae): A Novel Sexually Dimorphic Intra-Ocular Filter. Brain Behav Evol 2015; 85:77-93. [DOI: 10.1159/000371652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep-sea fishes possess several adaptations to facilitate vision where light detection is pushed to its limit. Lanternfishes (Myctophidae), one of the world's most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes, possess a novel and unique visual specialisation, a sexually dimorphic photostable yellow pigmentation, constituting the first record of a visual sexual dimorphism in any non-primate vertebrate. The topographic distribution of the yellow pigmentation across the retina is species specific, varying in location, shape and size. Spectrophotometric analyses reveal that this new retinal specialisation differs between species in terms of composition and acts as a filter, absorbing maximally between 356 and 443 nm. Microspectrophotometry and molecular analyses indicate that the species containing this pigmentation also possess at least 2 spectrally distinct rod visual pigments as a result of a duplication of the Rh1 opsin gene. After modelling the effect of the yellow pigmentation on photoreceptor spectral sensitivity, we suggest that this unique specialisation acts as a filter to enhance contrast, thereby improving the detection of bioluminescent emissions and possibly fluorescence in the extreme environment of the deep sea. The fact that this yellow pigmentation is species specific, sexually dimorphic and isolated within specific parts of the retina indicates an evolutionary pressure to visualise prey/predators/mates in a particular part of each species' visual field.
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Clarke MW, Cooke B, Hoad K, Glendenning P. Improved plasma free metadrenaline analysis requires mixed mode cation exchange solid-phase extraction prior to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:352-7. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The investigation and effective management of phaeochromocytoma involves biochemical measurement of either conjugated total urine or plasma free metadrenalines. Current analytical methods include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). Since the first two methods are either extremely laborious, necessitate low sample run numbers, result in slow turnaround times or are subject to analytical interference, a robust, routine clinical method is not achievable. We established a novel sample preparation method to measure plasma free metadrenalines using LCMS/MS. Methods Three different solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods were compared: hydrophilic–lipophilic balance sorbent (HLB), weak cation exchange (WCX) and mixed mode cation exchange (MCX) and their ability to remove interfering compounds prior to LCMS/MS analysis. Maximum recovery of plasma free metadrenaline and plasma free normetadrenaline were achieved by positively charging compounds prior to SPE application. Results Compared with HLB and WCX cartridges, MCX extraction resulted in chromatography without co-eluting interference with superior assay precision and accuracy. Additionally, samples that could not be quantified because of interference using HPLC/ECD could be readily assayed using this new method. Conclusions The use of the MCX SPE method with LCMS/MS detection provides an improved assay to measure plasma free metadrenalines in comparison to many available alternative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Brian Cooke
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000
| | - Kirsten Hoad
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000
| | - Paul Glendenning
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Farrell ED, Mariani S, Clarke MW. Reproductive biology of the starry smooth-hound shark Mustelus asterias: geographic variation and implications for sustainable exploitation. J Fish Biol 2010; 77:1505-1525. [PMID: 21078015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Examination of the reproductive biology of Mustelus asterias in the north-east Atlantic Ocean highlighted apparent geographical variation in maturity, fecundity and ovarian cycle between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations. The stretch total length (L(ST) ) and age at 50% maturity for Atlantic males and females were estimated at 78 cm L(ST) and 4-5 years and 87 cm L(ST) and 6 years, respectively. Size at maturity of females was considerably smaller than in Mediterranean specimens (96 cm L(ST) ). Ovarian fecundity ranged from eight to 27 oocytes and uterine fecundity from six to 18 embryos. The gestation period was c. 12 months, followed by a resting period of c. 12 months, resulting in a biennial cycle. Females stored sperm in the oviducal gland and, unlike Mediterranean specimens, no uterine compartments were observed in Atlantic specimens. This study reveals the existence of strong, possibly adaptive, divergence in life-history traits in an elasmobranch, whose northern populations may be more susceptible to overexploitation than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Farrell
- Marine Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
Meta-analyses studies suggest that high-dose vitamin E may be associated with increased mortality in some populations. Vitamin E may increase the production of CYP3A4 in the liver, and this could lead to an increase in drug metabolism, potentially lowering the efficacy of therapeutic drugs. We hypothesized that upregulation of CYP3A4 by alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) would decrease the plasma concentration of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam. Baseline metabolism of midazolam (1 mg intravenously) was determined in 12 healthy subjects before randomization into 2 groups of 6 to receive either RRR-alpha-TOH (750 IU/d) or placebo for 3 weeks. At completion, subjects were given an additional 1 mg intravenous bolus of midazolam. Plasma midazolam, 1-hydroxy-midazolam, and urinary alpha-TOH metabolite excretion were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Serum alpha-TOH was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Serum alpha-TOH increased by 100% (P = 0.002) and urinary alpha-TOH metabolite excretion increased 20-fold in the treatment group versus placebo (P = 0.001). There was no effect on the area under time curve of midazolam in subjects taking alpha-TOH compared with placebo. These findings do not support the hypothesis that alpha-TOH supplementation interferes with hepatic CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Musaad S, Robertson K, Clarke MW, Hooper AJ, French G, Chiu W, Burnett JR. Extreme hyperalphalipoproteinaemia in a patient with a solitary paraspinal lipoma. Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 47:90-3. [PMID: 19940205 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2009.009168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (hyperalphalipoproteinaemia; HALP) is commonly genetic, but may have secondary causes. An association between multiple lipomatosis and HALP has been reported; however, the mechanism for this is unclear. We report the case of a 69-year-old Cook Island woman with extreme HALP who presented with a large paraspinal lipoma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no other lipomas. She had the metabolic syndrome, a family history suggestive of lipomas and was on lipid-lowering and antihypertensive therapy. Her plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration was 4.9 mmol/L (>95th percentile for age and sex) and was not explained by typical secondary causes. HDL(2) and HDL(3) subfractions were increased, with HDL(2) predominance. The excised lipoma histology demonstrated benign tissue and normal karyotype. Postoperative lipid profiles showed no change in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. In summary, we report a case of extreme HALP that persisted after excision of a solitary paraspinal lipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarina Musaad
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Wu JHY, Hodgson JM, Clarke MW, Indrawan AP, Barden AE, Puddey IB, Croft KD. Inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis using specific plant lignans: in vitro and human studies. Hypertension 2009; 54:1151-8. [PMID: 19786646 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.139352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesamin, the major lignan found in sesame, has been shown to increase vitamin E levels by inhibiting its metabolism via the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP4F2. CYP4F2 and CYP4A11 are the predominant human isoforms that synthesize 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid. Considerable evidence suggests that 20-HETE may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We hypothesized that sesamin could be an inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis. This study investigated the effects of sesamin on 20-HETE synthesis in vitro and the effect of sesame supplementation on plasma and urinary 20-HETE concentrations in humans. Human microsomes were used to investigate the potency and selectivity of sesamin inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis. Sesamin inhibited human renal and liver microsome 20-HETE synthesis with IC50 <20 micromol/L. It was selective toward CYP4F2 (IC50: 1.9 micromol/L) and had reduced activity toward CYP4A11 (IC50: >150 micromol/L), as well as cytochrome P epoxygenation of arachidonic acid (IC50: >50 micromol/L). In a randomized, controlled crossover trial, overweight men and women (n=33) consumed 25 g/d of sesame (approximately 50 mg/d of sesame lignan) or an isocaloric matched control for 5 weeks each. Relative to control, sesame supplementation resulted in a 28% decrease in plasma and a 32% decrease in urinary 20-HETE (P<0.001). Urinary sodium, potassium, and blood pressure were not affected. This study demonstrates for the first time that sesame supplementation in humans reduces the plasma and urinary levels of 20-HETE, likely via inhibition of CYP4F2 by sesame lignans. These results suggest that sesame lignans could be used for the investigation of potential roles of 20-HETE in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Y Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
Vitamin E in nature is comprised of a family of tocopherols and tocotrienols. The most studied of these is alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH), because this form is retained within the body, and vitamin E deficiency is corrected with this supplement. alpha-TOH is a lipid-soluble antioxidant required for the preservation of cell membranes, and it potentially acts as a defense against oxidative stress. Many studies have investigated the metabolism, transport, and efficacy alpha-TOH in the prevention of sequelae associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Supplementation with vitamin E is considered to provide health benefits against CVD through its antioxidant activity, the prevention of lipoprotein oxidation, and the inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, the results from large prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with alpha-TOH have been largely negative. A recent meta-analysis suggests that alpha-TOH supplements may actually increase all-cause mortality; however, the mechanism for this increased risk is unknown. In vitro studies performed in human cell cultures and animal models suggest that vitamin E might increase the hepatic production of cytochrome P450s and MDR1. Induction of CYP3A4 or MDR1 by vitamin E could potentially lower the efficacy of any drug metabolized by CYP3A4 or MDR1. Other possibilities include an adverse effect of alpha-TOH on blood pressure in high-risk populations. Because of the wide popularity and use of vitamin E supplements, further research into potential adverse effects is clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Ward NC, Wu JHY, Clarke MW, Puddey IB, Burke V, Croft KD, Hodgson JM. The effect of vitamin E on blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 2007; 25:227-34. [PMID: 17143195 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000254373.96111.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the development of diabetes, hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Vitamin E, a major lipid-soluble dietary antioxidant, has two major dietary forms, alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol. The potential importance of gamma-tocopherol has largely been overlooked. Our aim was to investigate the effect of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol supplementation on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, vascular function and oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHOD Fifty-eight individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized to a daily dose of 500 mg/day RRR-alpha-tocopherol, 500 mg/day mixed tocopherols (60% gamma-tocopherol) or placebo for 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were 24-h ambulatory BP and heart rate, endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation and plasma and urinary F2-isoprostanes. RESULTS Treatment with alpha-tocopherol significantly increased systolic BP [7.0 (5.2, 8.8) mmHg, P < 0.0001], diastolic BP [5.3 (4.0, 6.5) mmHg, P < 0.0001], pulse pressure [1.8 (0.6, 3.0) mmHg, P < 0.005] and heart rate [2.0 (0.6, 3.3) bpm, P < 0.005] versus placebo. Treatment with mixed tocopherols significantly increased systolic BP [6.8 (4.9, 8.6) mmHg, P < 0.0001], diastolic BP [3.6 (2.3, 4.9) mmHg, P < 0.0001], pulse pressure [3.2 (2.0, 4.4) mmHg, P < 0.0001] and heart rate [1.8 (0.5, 3.2) bpm, P < 0.01] versus placebo. Treatment with alpha-tocopherol or mixed tocopherols significantly reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes versus placebo, but had no effect on urinary F2-isoprostanes. Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation was not affected by either treatment. CONCLUSION In contrast to our initial hypothesis, treatment with either alpha- or mixed tocopherols significantly increased BP, pulse pressure and heart rate in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Ward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Cadieux PA, Mikolajczak SA, Reeves J, Strathdee C, Reid G, Panchal CJ, Clarke MW. Rat PSP94 inhibits the growth and viability of the rat adenocarcinoma cell line PAIII in vitro. Cancer Invest 2006; 24:246-55. [PMID: 16809150 DOI: 10.1080/07357900600629575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that human PSP94 can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. To further validate this potential and investigate the protein within a homologous setting, we examined the effects of rat PSP94 on the growth of the rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PAIII in vitro. To generate rat PSP94, we used both a plasmid-based expression system and a recombinant rat PSP molecule. Rat PSP was shown to inhibit the growth and survival of PAIII cells in a dose-dependent manner with > 90 percent reductions in both observed. TUNEL and Annexin-V assays confirmed PAIII cell death to be via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Cadieux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Clarke MW, Hooper AJ, Headlam HA, Wu JHY, Croft KD, Burnett JR. Assessment of Tocopherol Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1339-45. [PMID: 16728468 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.068692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Vitamin E supplementation has been recommended for persons with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), a rare disorder of lipoprotein metabolism that leads to low serum α-tocopherol and decreased LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B. We examined the effect of truncated apoB variants on vitamin E metabolism and oxidative stress in persons with FHBL.Methods: We studied 9 individuals with heterozygous FHBL [mean (SE) age, 40 (5) years; body mass index (BMI), 27 (10) kg/m2] and 7 normolipidemic controls [age, 41 (5) years; BMI, 25 (2) kg/m2]. We also studied 3 children—2 with homozygous FHBL (apoB-30.9) and 1 with abetalipoproteinemia—who were receiving α-tocopherol supplementation. We used HPLC with electrochemical detection to measure α- and γ-tocopherol in serum, erythrocytes, and platelets, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to measure F2-isoprostanes and tocopherol metabolites in urine as markers of oxidative stress and tocopherol intake, respectively.Results: Compared with controls, persons with FHBL had significantly lower fasting plasma concentrations of total cholesterol [2.4 (0.2) vs 4.7 (0.2) mmol/L], triglycerides [0.5 (0.1) vs 0.9 (0.1) mmol/L], LDL-cholesterol [0.7 (0.1) vs 2.8 (0.3) mmol/L], apoB [0.23 (0.02) vs 0.84 (0.08) g/L], α-tocopherol [13.6 (1.0) vs 28.7 (1.4) μmol/L], and γ-tocopherol [1.0 (0.1) vs 1.8 (0.3) μmol/L] (all P <0.03). Erythrocyte α-tocopherol was decreased [5.0 (0.2) vs 6.0 (0.3) μmol/L; P <0.005], but we observed no differences in lipid-adjusted serum tocopherols, erythrocyte γ-tocopherol, platelet α- or γ-tocopherol, urinary F2-isoprostanes, or tocopherol metabolites.Conclusion: Taken together, our findings do not support the recommendation that persons with heterozygous FHBL receive vitamin E supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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Clarke MW, Ward NC, Wu JHY, Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Croft KD. Supplementation with mixed tocopherols increases serum and blood cell gamma-tocopherol but does not alter biomarkers of platelet activation in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:95-102. [PMID: 16400056 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown potential benefit of vitamin E on platelet function, but several clinical trials failed to show improved cardiovascular outcome with alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Gamma-tocopherol, a major dietary form of vitamin E, may have protective properties different from those of alpha-tocopherol. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (500 mg) and a gamma-tocopherol-rich compound (500 mg, containing 60% gamma-tocopherol) on serum and cellular tocopherol concentrations, urinary tocopherol metabolite excretion, and in vivo platelet activation in subjects with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Fifty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg alpha-tocopherol/d, 500 mg mixed tocopherols/d, or matching placebo. Serum, erythrocyte, and platelet tocopherol and urinary metabolite concentrations were measured at baseline and after the 6-wk intervention. Soluble CD40 ligand, urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, serum thromboxane B2, soluble P-selectin, and von Willebrand factor were measured as biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation. RESULTS Serum alpha-tocopherol increased with both tocopherol treatments. Serum and cellular gamma-tocopherol increased 4-fold (P < 0.001) in the mixed tocopherol group, whereas red blood cell gamma-tocopherol decreased significantly after alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Excretion of alpha-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman increased significantly after supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and mixed tocopherols. Excretion of gamma-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman increased significantly after supplementation with mixed tocopherols and after that with alpha-tocopherol, which may reflect the displacement of gamma-tocopherol by alpha-tocopherol due to incorporation of the latter into lipoproteins in the liver. Neither treatment had any significant effect on markers of platelet activation. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol decreased red blood cell gamma-tocopherol, whereas mixed tocopherols increased both serum alpha-tocopherol and serum and cellular gamma-tocopherol. Changes in serum tocopherol closely reflect changes in cellular concentrations of tocopherols after supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Clarke
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Wu JHY, Hodgson JM, Ward NC, Clarke MW, Puddey IB, Croft KD. Nitration of gamma-tocopherol prevents its oxidative metabolism by HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:483-94. [PMID: 16043020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-tocopherol (gammaT) is one of the major forms of vitamin E consumed in the diet. Previous reports have suggested increased levels of nitrated gamma-tocopherol (5-NO2-gammaT) in smokers and individuals with conditions associated with elevated nitrative stress. The monitoring of 5-NO2-gammaT and its possible metabolite(s) may be a useful marker of reactive nitrogen species generation in vivo. The major pathway for the metabolism of gammaT is the cytochrome P450 dependent oxidation to its water-soluble metabolite gamma-CEHC, which is excreted in urine. In order to determine if 5-NO2-gammaT could be metabolised via the same route and detected in urine we developed a sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for 5-NO2-gamma-CEHC. 5-NO2-gamma-CEHC was synthesised and its structure confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. While gamma-CEHC was abundant in urine from healthy volunteers, as well as patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, 5-NO2-gamma-CEHC was undetectable (limit of detection of 5 nM). To understand this observation we examined the uptake and metabolism of gammaT and 5-NO2-gammaT by HepG2 cells. gammaT was readily incorporated into cells and metabolised to gamma-CEHC over a period of 48 hours. In contrast, 5-NO2-gammaT was poorly incorporated into HepG2 cells and not metabolised to 5-NO2-gamma-CEHC over the same time period. We conclude that nitration of gammaT prevents its incorporation into liver cells and therefore its metabolism to the water-soluble metabolite. Whether 5-NO2-gammaT could be metabolised via other pathways in vivo requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Y Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, PO Box X2213, GPO Perth 6847, West Australia
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Clarke MW, Borges L, Officer RA. Comparisons of Trawl and Longline Catches of Deepwater Elasmobranchs West and North of Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2960/j.v35.m516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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