51
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El-Gamal MI, Al-Ameen SK, Al-Koumi DM, Hamad MG, Jalal NA, Oh CH. Recent Advances of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Kinase and Its Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5450-5466. [PMID: 29293000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Colony stimulation factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), which is also known as FMS kinase, plays an important role in initiating inflammatory, cancer, and bone disorders when it is overstimulated by its ligand, CSF-1. Innate immunity, as well as macrophage differentiation and survival, are regulated by the stimulation of the CSF-1R. Another ligand, interlukin-34 (IL-34), was recently reported to activate the CSF-1R receptor in a different manner. The relationship between CSF-1R and microglia has been reviewed. Both CSF-1 antibodies and small molecule CSF-1R kinase inhibitors have now been tested in animal models and in humans. In this Perspective, we discuss the role of CSF-1 and IL-34 in producing cancer, bone disorders, and inflammation. We also review the newly discovered and improved small molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that have shown potent activity toward CSF-1R, reported from 2012 until 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt
| | - Shahad K Al-Ameen
- College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Dania M Al-Koumi
- College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawadda G Hamad
- College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Nouran A Jalal
- College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang , Seoul 130-650 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science , University of Science and Technology , 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-333 , Republic of Korea
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52
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Teng Y, Mu J, Hu X, Samykutty A, Zhuang X, Deng Z, Zhang L, Cao P, Yan J, Miller D, Zhang HG. Grapefruit-derived nanovectors deliver miR-18a for treatment of liver metastasis of colon cancer by induction of M1 macrophages. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25683-97. [PMID: 27028860 PMCID: PMC5041936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis accounts for many of the cancer deaths in patients. Effective treatment for metastatic liver tumors is not available. Here, we provide evidence for the role of miR-18a in the induction of liver M1 (F4/80+interferon gamma (IFNγ)+IL-12+) macrophages. We found that miR-18a encapsulated in grapefruit-derived nanovector (GNV) mediated inhibition of liver metastasis that is dependent upon the induction of M1 (F4/80+IFNγ+IL-12+) macrophages; depletion of macrophages eliminated its anti-metastasis effect. Furthermore, the miR-18a mediated induction of macrophage IFNγ by targeting IRF2 is required for subsequent induction of IL-12. IL-12 then activates natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells for inhibition of liver metastasis of colon cancer. This conclusion is supported by the fact that knockout of IFNγ eliminates miR-18a mediated induction of IL-12, miR-18a treatment has an anti-metastatic effects in T cell deficient mice but there is no anti-metastatic effect on NK and NKT deficient mice. Co-delivery of miR-18a and siRNA IL-12 to macrophages did not result in activation of co-cultured NK and NKT cells. Taken together our results indicate that miR-18a can act as an inhibitor for liver metastasis through induction of M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Program in Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoying Zhuang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pengxiao Cao
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Donald Miller
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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53
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Rasti A, Madjd Z, Abolhasani M, Mehrazma M, Janani L, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Asgari M. Cytoplasmic expression of Twist1, an EMT-related transcription factor, is associated with higher grades renal cell carcinomas and worse progression-free survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2017; 18:177-190. [PMID: 29204790 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-017-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Twist1 is a key transcription factor, which confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics and enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pathological conditions including tumor malignancy and metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns and clinical significance of Twist1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of Twist1 were examined in 252 well-defined renal tumor tissues, including 173 (68.7%) clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC), 45 (17.9%) papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC) and 34 (13.5%) chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. The association between expression of this marker and clinicopathologic parameters and survival outcomes were then analyzed. Twist1 was mainly localized to the cytoplasm of tumor cells (98.8%). Increased cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 was associated with higher grade tumors (P = 0.045), renal vein invasion (P = 0.031) and microvascular invasion (P = 0.044) in RCC. It was positively correlated with higher grade tumors (P = 0.026), shorter progression-free survival time (P = 0.027) in patients with ccRCC, and also with higher stage in pRCC patients (P = 0.036). Significantly higher cytoplasmic expression levels of Twist1 were found in ccRCC and pRCC subtypes, due to their more aggressive tumor behavior. Increased cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 had a critical role in worse prognosis in ccRCC. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic, rather than nuclear expression of Twist1 can be considered as a prognostic and therapeutic marker for targeted therapy of RCC, especially for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rasti
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next TO Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next TO Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next TO Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran. .,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Mehrazma
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next TO Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next TO Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asgari
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next TO Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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54
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Sossey-Alaoui K, Pluskota E, Bialkowska K, Szpak D, Parker Y, Morrison CD, Lindner DJ, Schiemann WP, Plow EF. Kindlin-2 Regulates the Growth of Breast Cancer Tumors by Activating CSF-1-Mediated Macrophage Infiltration. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5129-5141. [PMID: 28687620 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interplay between tumor cells and host cells in the tumor microenvironment dictates the development of all cancers. In breast cancer, malignant cells educate host macrophages to adopt a protumorigenic phenotype. In this study, we show how the integrin-regulatory protein kindlin-2 (FERMT2) promotes metastatic progression of breast cancer through the recruitment and subversion of host macrophages. Kindlin-2 expression was elevated in breast cancer biopsy tissues where its levels correlated with reduced patient survival. On the basis of these observations, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to ablate Kindlin-2 expression in human MDA-MB-231 and murine 4T1 breast cancer cells. Kindlin-2 deficiency inhibited invasive and migratory properties in vitro without affecting proliferation rates. However, in vivo tumor outgrowth was inhibited by >80% in a manner associated with reduced macrophage infiltration and secretion of the macrophage attractant and growth factor colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). The observed loss of CSF-1 appeared to be caused by a more proximal deficiency in TGFβ-dependent signaling in Kindlin-2-deficient cells. Collectively, our results illuminate a Kindlin-2/TGFβ/CSF-1 signaling axis employed by breast cancer cells to capture host macrophage functions that drive tumor progression. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5129-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Dorota Szpak
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yvonne Parker
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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55
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Singh AK, Winslow TB, Kermany MH, Goritz V, Heit L, Miller A, Hoffend NC, Stein LC, Kumaraswamy LK, Warren GW, Bshara W, Odunsi K, Matsuzaki J, Abrams SI, Schwaab T, Muhitch JB. A Pilot Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Combined with Cytoreductive Nephrectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28630212 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: While stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can reduce tumor volumes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), little is known regarding the immunomodulatory effects of high-dose radiation in the tumor microenvironment. The main objectives of this pilot study were to assess the safety and feasibility of nephrectomy following SBRT treatment of patients with mRCC and analyze the immunological impact of high-dose radiation.Experimental Design: Human RCC cell lines were irradiated and evaluated for immunomodulation. In a single-arm feasibility study, patients with mRCC were treated with 15 Gray SBRT at the primary lesion in a single fraction followed 4 weeks later by cytoreductive nephrectomy. RCC specimens were analyzed for tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expression and T-cell infiltration. The trial has reached accrual (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01892930).Results: RCC cells treated in vitro with radiation had increased TAA expression compared with untreated tumor cells. Fourteen patients received SBRT followed by surgery, and treatment was well-tolerated. SBRT-treated tumors had increased expression of the immunomodulatory molecule calreticulin and TAA (CA9, 5T4, NY-ESO-1, and MUC-1). Ki67+ -proliferating CD8+ T cells and FOXP3+ cells were increased in SBRT-treated patient specimens in tumors and at the tumor-stromal interface compared with archived patient specimens.Conclusions: It is feasible to perform nephrectomy following SBRT with acceptable toxicity. Following SBRT, patient RCC tumors have increased expression of calreticulin, TAA, as well as a higher percentage of proliferating T cells compared with archived RCC tumors. Collectively, these studies provide evidence of immunomodulation following SBRT in mRCC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5055-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag K Singh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Timothy B Winslow
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Vincent Goritz
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lilia Heit
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Leighton C Stein
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lalith K Kumaraswamy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Graham W Warren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Thomas Schwaab
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jason B Muhitch
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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56
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Bianconi M, Faloppi L, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Cimadamore A, Gasparrini S, Massari F, Scarpelli M, Montironi R. Immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers: where are we going? EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1321466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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57
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Spaw M, Anant S, Thomas SM. Stromal contributions to the carcinogenic process. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1199-1213. [PMID: 27787930 PMCID: PMC5354948 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated stromal cells are dynamic characters that endorse the carcinogenic process in a multitude of ways. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role throughout the tumor progression, which includes initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment consists of cellular and non-cellular components. Tumor-associated stromal cell types include the microbiome, immune cells including macrophages, dendritic and T-cells, cells associated with blood and lymphatic vessels including pericytes and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, and adipocytes. The non-cellular components of the microenvironment include matrix proteins and secreted factors. The development of therapies that target the mechanisms by which stromal cells contribute to successful tumorigenesis is major goal of upcoming cancer research. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive discussion of the role of each of the tumor-associated stromal cell types in the carcinogenic process with a special focus on target development and therapeutic intervention. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Spaw
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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58
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Molecular biological correlation of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 37:1053-61. [PMID: 27218430 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake and molecular biological markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. METHODS Our patient population included 51 patients who underwent F-FDG PET/computed tomography before surgery. Excised tumor tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), GLUT-3, CD34 [microvessel density (MVD) marker], CD68 (macrophage marker), and CD163 (tumor-associated macrophage marker). The relationships among pathological factors [pathological T stage (p-T stage), pathological lymph node status (p-N status), pathological stage (p-stage), and pathological tumor length], the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and these molecular biological markers were evaluated using Spearman's rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS GLUT-1, GLUT-3, CD34, and CD163 significantly correlated with SUVmax (r=0.547, P<0.001 for GLUT-1; r=0.569, P<0.001 for GLUT-3; r=0.463, P=0.001 for CD34, r=0.455, P=0.001 for CD163), whereas SUVmax, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, CD34, and CD163 significantly correlated with p-T stage (r=0.552, P<0.001 for SUVmax, r=0.307, P=0.03 for GLUT-1, r=0.349, P=0.013 for GLUT-3, r=0.313, P=0.027 for CD34, r=0.526 for CD163, P<0.001), but not with p-N status. CD68 levels showed no significant correlation with SUVmax, p-T stage, p-stage, or p-N status. CONCLUSION SUVmax, GLUT-1 expression, GLUT-3 expression, MVD, and TAMs show a relationship with the tumor stage and extent of ESCC. GLUT-1, GLUT-3, MVD, and TAMs are associated with the mechanism of F-FDG uptake in ESCC.
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59
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Wang X, Yang X, Tsai Y, Yang L, Chuang KH, Keng PC, Lee SO, Chen Y. IL-6 Mediates Macrophage Infiltration after Irradiation via Up-regulation of CCL2/CCL5 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Radiat Res 2017; 187:50-59. [PMID: 28054838 DOI: 10.1667/rr14503.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is effective in reducing primary tumors, however, it may enhance macrophage infiltration to tumor sites, accelerating tumor progression in several ways. We investigated whether radiation can increase macrophage infiltration into non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Analysis of in vitro macrophage (differentiated THP-1 cells) migration to either nonirradiated or irradiated tumor cells showed increased migration to the irradiated tumor cells. Because the IL-6 levels in A549 and H157 cells were significantly increased after irradiation, we then investigated whether this increased IL-6 level contributes to radiation-induced macrophage migration. Radiation-induced macrophage infiltration was reduced when IL-6 was knocked down in tumor cells, indicating a positive IL-6 role in this process. To validate this in vitro result, an orthotopic mouse model was developed using a luciferase-tagged H157siIL-6/scramble control (sc) cell set. After tumors developed, the lungs were irradiated, and infiltration of endogenous macrophages and tail-vein injected fluorescent macrophages to tumor sites was investigated. In both groups, increased macrophage infiltration was observed in H157sc cell-derived xenografts compared to H157siIL-6 cell-derived xenografts, confirming the positive IL-6 role in the radiation-induced macrophage infiltration process. In mechanistic dissection studies, radiation-induced up-regulation of CCL2 and CCL5 by IL-6 was detected, and blocking the action of CCL2/CCL5 molecules significantly reduced the number of migrated macrophages to tumor cells after irradiation. These results demonstrate that targeting the IL-6 signaling or CCL2/CCL5 molecules in combination with conventional radiotherapy potentially blocks undesired radiation-induced macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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60
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Nie W, Yu T, Sang Y, Gao X. Tumor-promoting effect of IL-23 in mammary cancer mediated by infiltration of M2 macrophages and neutrophils in tumor microenvironment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1400-1406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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61
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:111-7. [PMID: 26940073 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmentally vital reversible process by which fully differentiated cells lose their epithelial features and acquire a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT contributes to the metastatic potential of tumors. The expression profile and other biological properties of EMT suggest potential targets for cancer therapy, including in renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). The preclinical and clinical results have substantiated the promises that dysregulated elements leading to EMT can be a potential target in RCC patients. In this study, we illustrated the pathogenic and prognostic role of EMT in RCC. In addition, we reconstructed, by literature analysis, the different pathways implicated in the EMT process, thus supporting the rational for future EMT-directed therapeutic approaches for RCC patients.
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62
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Arakaki R, Yamasaki T, Kanno T, Shibasaki N, Sakamoto H, Utsunomiya N, Sumiyoshi T, Shibuya S, Tsuruyama T, Nakamura E, Ogawa O, Kamba T. CCL2 as a potential therapeutic target for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2920-2933. [PMID: 27666332 PMCID: PMC5083746 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the pVHL‐atypical PKC‐JunB pathway contributed to promotion of cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and we detected chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand‐2 (CCL2) as one of downstream effectors of JunB. CCL2 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis in other types of cancer, but its role in ccRCC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles and therapeutic potential of CCL2 in ccRCC. Immunohistochemical analysis of CCL2 expression for ccRCC specimens showed that upregulation of CCL2 expression correlated with clinical stage, overall survival, and macrophage infiltration. For functional analysis of CCL2 in ccRCC cells, we generated subclones of WT8 cells that overexpressed CCL2 and subclones 786‐O cells in which CCL2 expression was knocked down. Although CCL2 expression did not affect cell proliferation in vitro, CCL2 overexpression enhanced and CCL2 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration in vivo. We then depleted macrophages from tumor xenografts by administration of clodronate liposomes to confirm the role of macrophages in ccRCC. Depletion of macrophages suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis. To examine the effect of inhibiting CCL2 activity in ccRCC, we administered CCL2 neutralizing antibody to primary RCC xenografts established from patient surgical specimens. Inhibition of CCL2 activity resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration. These results suggest that CCL2 is involved in angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration in ccRCC, and that CCL2 could be a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Arakaki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kanno
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noboru Shibasaki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Utsunomiya
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibuya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research/Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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63
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Ke X, Zhang S, Wu M, Lou J, Zhang J, Xu T, Huang L, Huang P, Wang F, Pan S. Tumor-associated macrophages promote invasion via Toll-like receptors signaling in patients with ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:184-195. [PMID: 27608303 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) derived from peripheral blood monocytes recruit into tumor microenvironment and display functions associated with tumor progression. The mechanisms by which TAMs display roles that associated with the invasion ability of ovarian cancer have not been well investigated. In our research, we found abundant TAMs infiltrate in ovarian cancer compared with benign ovarian tumor tissues. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MMP-10, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling proteins were evaluated in ovarian cancer. The high level of TAMs was associated with metastasis and advance of patients with ovarian cancer. TAMs and ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 were cocultured in vitro, MMPs level and the invasion ability of SKOV3 cells were significantly up-regulated. The coculture process was correlated with the activation of TLRs signaling and downstream nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) kinases pathway in SKOV3. In addition, pre-incubation with TLRs signaling inhibitors remarkably suppressed invasion ability of SKOV3. Levels of TLRs signaling pathways proteins were also down-regulated in this blocking process. These findings demonstrated that TAMs promoted up-regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-10 expressions and enhanced ovarian cancer cells invasion via TLRs signaling pathway. We conclude that TAMs could enhance ovarian cancer cells invasion and ultimately promote ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianfang Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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64
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Grenon Stoddert T. Optimising Cancer Immunotherapy: Challenges and Opportunities. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10314662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has moved to the forefront in the treatment of patients with cancer, providing a unique opportunity to achieve dramatic and lasting anti-tumour responses in a variety of tumour types. When it comes to patient selection and development of novel immunotherapeutic agents and combinations, so far we have merely scratched the surface of this therapeutic approach. Leading experts in the field of cancer immunotherapy gathered in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on 21st May 2016 for a Scientific Exchange to discuss the current status of immunotherapy within the field of oncology and explore the future of this evolving therapeutic strategy. Current challenges and limitations regarding the use of immunotherapy were addressed for tumour types such as melanoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recent advances and future directions in the areas of immunotherapy biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance were also examined. Current evidence for combination strategies with immunotherapy was highlighted, including combinations with other immunotherapies or with radiotherapy. Below is a summary of the key points discussed during this scientific exchange.
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65
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Takeya M, Komohara Y. Role of tumor-associated macrophages in human malignancies: friend or foe? Pathol Int 2016; 66:491-505. [PMID: 27444136 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumor growth in human malignancies. Published studies have analyzed the relationship between TAM infiltration and the prognosis of patients for many human tumors. Most studies reported a positive correlation between TAM density and a poor prognosis. Studies focusing on macrophage phenotypes emphasized the protumor role of M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages in many types of human tumors. However, TAMs influence tumor progression in various ways that depend on differences in tumor sites, histology, and microenvironments. In this review, we summarize the function of TAMs in various human malignancies by reviewing the data provided in studies of TAMs in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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66
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Nestin expression on tumour vessels and tumour-infiltrating macrophages define a poor prognosis subgroup of pt1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:331-7. [PMID: 27311769 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is highly unpredictable. Despite adequate initial surgery, 20 to 30 % of patients will develop local recurrence or metastasis during follow-up. Usual clinical and pathology parameters tend to classify most patients in an intermediate prognosis group, and molecular markers to determine prognosis more accurately are needed. A key feature of CCRCC is its abundant vascularization. Factors that upregulate angiogenesis, such as hypoxia and the presence of immune cells including macrophages, also modulate tumour proliferation and metastasis. We studied angiogenesis, as defined by nestin-positive capillaries, and tumour infiltration by macrophages especially in the good prognosis pT1 subgroup of CCRCC. We assessed whether these parameters are associated with metastatic extension and survival in CCRCC. The expression of HIF1α, CAIX, nestin, CD68 and CD163 was assessed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing tissue samples from 257 consecutive patients with sporadic CCRCC. Factors associated with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed. The presence of nestin-positive tumour vessels was independently associated with shorter PFS in the whole cohort and in the pT1 subgroup. The presence of tumour-infiltrating macrophages was independently associated with shorter OS in the whole cohort and in the pT1 subgroup. The presence of nestin-positive endothelial cells is associated with early relapse, especially in the pT1 subgroup and may help to select patients for antiangiogenic treatment. The presence of tumour-infiltrating M2-type macrophages is a strong predictor of short survival and may be used to adapt treatment strategy.
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Marech I, Ammendola M, Sacco R, Sammarco G, Zuccalà V, Zizzo N, Leporini C, Luposella M, Patruno R, Filippelli G, Russo E, Porcelli M, Gadaleta CD, De Sarro G, Ranieri G. Tumour-associated macrophages correlate with microvascular bed extension in colorectal cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1373-80. [PMID: 27105577 PMCID: PMC4929299 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) represent pivotal components of tumour microenvironment promoting angiogenesis, tumour progression and invasion. In colorectal cancer (CRC), there are no conclusive data about the role of TAMs in angiogenesis‐mediated tumour progression. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a correlation between TAMs, TAM immunostained area (TAMIA) microvascular density (MVD), endothelial area (EA) and cancer cells positive to VEGF‐A (CCP‐VEGF‐A) in primary tumour tissue of locally advanced CRC patients undergone to radical surgery. A series of 76 patients with CRC were selected and evaluated by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. An anti‐CD68 antibody was employed to assess TAMs and TAMIA expression, an anti‐CD34 antibody was utilized to detect MVD and EA expression, whereas an anti‐VEGF‐A antibody was used to detect CCP‐VEGF‐A; then, tumour sections were evaluated by image analysis methods. The mean ± S.D. of TAMs, MVD and CCP‐VEGF‐A was 65.58 ± 21.14, 28.53 ± 7.75 and 63% ± 37%, respectively; the mean ± S.D. of TAMIA and EA was 438.37 ± 124.14μ2 and 186.73 ± 67.22μ2, respectively. A significant correlation was found between TAMs, TAMIA, MVD and EA each other (r ranging from 0.69 to 0.84; P ranging from 0.000 to 0.004). The high level of expression of TAMs and TAMIA in tumour tissue and the significant correlation with both MVD and EA illustrate that TAMs could represent a marker that plays an important role in promoting angiogenesis‐mediated CRC. In this context, novel agents killing TAMs might be evaluated in clinical trials as a new anti‐angiogenic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marech
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Chair of Pathology, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Luposella
- Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Chair of Pathology, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Bauer AK, Velmurugan K, Xiong KN, Alexander CM, Xiong J, Brooks R. Epiregulin is required for lung tumor promotion in a murine two-stage carcinogenesis model. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:94-105. [PMID: 26894620 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma accounts for ∼40% of lung cancer, equating to ∼88 500 new patients in 2015, most of who will succumb to this disease, thus, the public health burden is evident. Unfortunately, few early biomarkers as well as effective therapies exist, hence the need for novel targets in lung cancer treatment. We previously identified epiregulin (Ereg), an EGF-like ligand, as a biomarker in several mouse lung cancer models. In the present investigation we used a primary two-stage initiation/promotion model to test our hypothesis that Ereg deficiency would reduce lung tumor promotion in mice. We used 3-methylcholanthrene (initiator) or oil vehicle followed by multiple weekly exposures to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; promoter) in mice lacking Ereg (Ereg-/- ) and wildtype controls (BALB/ByJ; Ereg+/+ ) and examined multiple time points and endpoints (bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, tumor analysis, mRNA expression, ELISA, wound assay) during tumor promotion. At the early time points (4 and 12 wk), we observed significantly reduced amounts of inflammation (macrophages, PMNs) in the Ereg-/- mice compared to controls (Ereg+/+ ). At 20 wk, tumor multiplicity was also significantly decreased in the Ereg-/- mice versus controls (Ereg+/+ ). IL10 expression, an anti-inflammatory mediator, and downstream signaling events (Stat3) were significantly increased in the Ereg-/- mice in response to BHT, supporting both reduced inflammation and tumorigenesis. Lastly, wound healing was significantly increased with recombinant Ereg in both human and mouse lung epithelial cell lines. These results indicate that Ereg has proliferative potential and may be utilized as an early cancer biomarker as well as a novel potential therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Bauer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalpana Velmurugan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ka-Na Xiong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carla-Maria Alexander
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie Xiong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rana Brooks
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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69
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Wang L, Wang YX, Zhang DZ, Fang XJ, Sun PS, Xue HC. Let-7a mimic attenuates CCL18 induced breast cancer cell metastasis through Lin 28 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:301-307. [PMID: 26898455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are believed to influence breast cancer cell tumorgenicity by interacting with the production of tumor associated macrophages. At this stage, this hypothesis lacks sufficient empirical evidence. Our study is an investigation of the effects of let-7a on the function of human breast cancer cell lines that had undergone chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) stimulation. METHODS Two breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were transfected with let-7a mimics with or without CCL18 simulation. The expression level of let-7a was evaluated with qRT-PCR. Our study examined cell proliferation, migration and cell cycles following let-7a treatment. The predicted target of let-7a was identified and confirmed in vitro by a dual luciferase reporter system. The associations between let-7a, CCL18 and target gene expression were evaluated using RT-PCR and the Western blotting method. RESULTS The downregulated expression level of let-7a was observed in both breast cancer cell lines. When compared to the control and CCL18 stimulation groups, cell proliferation and migration in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were significantly inhibited by let-7a. Furthermore, the cell cycle was dramatically blocked at the G2/M phase. The luciferase reporter identified Lin28 as the direct binding target of let-7a in both breast cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION Upregulation of let-7a carries the potential to reverse CCL18 induced cell proliferation and migration alteration in breast cancer cells by regulating Lin28 expression. Our results provided evidence which suggests the use of let-7a as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - De-Zhong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Xiang-Jie Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Pei-Sheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Hui-Chao Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Xinxiang, PR China.
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Ciccarese C, Santoni M, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Conti A, Tortora G, Cascinu S, Montironi R. Present and future of personalized medicine in adult genitourinary tumors. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1381-8. [PMID: 25952784 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted agents has completely revolutionized the therapeutic scenario of genitourinary tumors. However, no biomarkers of tumor response or patient tolerability have been validated so far, and the selection of patients who may benefit from these approaches is still empirical. Significant advances in genomic sequencing and molecular characterization of these tumors have allowed identification of complex genomic abnormalities, thus increasing our knowledge on cancer biological landscapes and paving the way to the development of personalized strategies based on the patient's genomic and cancer's molecular profiles. This review is an overview of recent findings and emerging individualized therapies in patients with prostate, renal and bladder cancer, focusing on the promises and limitations of this approach in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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71
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Massari F, Santoni M, Ciccarese C, Santini D. The immunocheckpoints in modern oncology: the next 15 years. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 15:917-21. [PMID: 26063384 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1035251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The notion that the immune system can act as a key factor in controlling cancer cell proliferation and thus its stimulation may be an important resource for cancer therapy has long been known. Tumors can elude the immune system by deploying proteins that shut down the immune response by binding to specific surface receptors on immune cells. Several promising strategies have been designed to overcome cancer cells' ability to suppress the immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint molecules that block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (ipilimumab) or the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 axis (i.e., nivolumab and pembrolizumab) promote antitumor immunity, reactivating T-cell proliferation and activity. This efficient strategy currently represents one of the major oncological breakthroughs, with impressive clinically durable responses observed in cancer patients, particularly in melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, NSCLC and more recently in bladder cancer patients. Fifteen years ago, we replaced the IL-2 and INF-α for molecular targeted therapies. Today, we believe that immune therapy will represent the future, perhaps as part of a combination of different therapeutic strategies that act synergistically in each tumor and individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Massari
- University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Medical Oncology , Verona , Italy
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72
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Macrophage and Multinucleated Giant Cell Classification. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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73
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Regan D, Dow S. Manipulation of Innate Immunity for Cancer Therapy in Dogs. Vet Sci 2015; 2:423-439. [PMID: 29061951 PMCID: PMC5644648 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last one to two decades, the field of cancer immunotherapy has rapidly progressed from early preclinical studies to a successful clinical reality and fourth major pillar of human cancer therapy. While current excitement in the field of immunotherapy is being driven by several major breakthroughs including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, these advances stem from a foundation of pivotal studies demonstrating the immune systems role in tumor control and eradication. The following will be a succinct review on veterinary cancer immunotherapy as it pertains to manipulation of the innate immune system to control tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, we will provide an update on recent progress in our understanding of the innate immune system in veterinary tumor immunology, and how these gains may lead to novel therapies for the treatment of cancer in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
- The Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
| | - Steven Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
- The Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
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Abstract
The STAT3 is often dysregulated in genitourinary tumors. In prostate cancer, STAT3 activation correlates with Gleason score and pathological stage and modulates cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, STAT3 promotes the progression from carcinoma in situ to invasive bladder cancer and modulates renal cell carcinoma angiogenesis by increasing the expression of HIF1α and VEGF. STAT3 is also involved in the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and axitinib, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and to second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide in patients with advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we describe the role of STAT3 in genitourinary tumors, thus describing its potential for future therapeutic strategies.
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75
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Zhao P, Gao D, Wang Q, Song B, Shao Q, Sun J, Ji C, Li X, Li P, Qu X. Response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) expression on M2-polarized and tumor-associated macrophages is M-CSF-dependent and enhanced by tumor-derived IL-4. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 12:692-9. [PMID: 25418473 PMCID: PMC4716617 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) is a cell cycle regulator involved in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells and has also been implicated in angiogenesis. Here we show that RGC-32 expression in macrophages is induced by IL-4 and reduced by LPS, indicating a link between RGC-32 expression and M2 polarization. We demonstrated that the increased expression of RGC-32 is characteristic of alternatively activated macrophages, in which this protein suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory mediator TGF-β. Consistent with in vitro data, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express high levels of RGC-32, and this expression is induced by tumor-derived ascitic fluid in an M-CSF- and/or IL-4-dependent manner. Collectively, these results establish RGC-32 as a marker for M2 macrophage polarization and indicate that this protein is a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, targeting tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingfeng Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jintang Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Santoni M, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Montironi R, Santini D. Re: Idir Ouzaid and Karim Bensalah. Results of the First Trial Assessing Adjuvant Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma Do Not reASSURE. Eur Urol 2015;68:542-3. Eur Urol 2015; 70:e69-70. [PMID: 26431914 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Pathological Anatomy Section, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Pathological Anatomy Section, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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77
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Lin L, Lin H, Wang L, Wang B, Hao X, Shi Y. miR-130a regulates macrophage polarization and is associated with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3088-96. [PMID: 26398698 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in primary and metastatic tumors, and contribute to tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Macrophages have been shown to demonstrate a high level of plasticity, with the ability to undergo dynamic transition between M1 and M2 polarized phenotypes. In the present study, we investigated a pivotal role of miR-130a in macrophage polarization and whether it was associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. The in vitro experiments showed that miRNA-130a was expressed at a higher level in M1 compared to M2 macrophages. The enforced expression of miR-130a in macrophages resulted in a significantly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas deletion of miR-130a impaired the M2‑associated gene expression and led to an M1-biased response. Mechanistically, the bioinformatics analysis revealed that proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a potential target of miR-130a. Additionally, the luciferase assay confirmed that PPARγ translation was suppressed by miR-130a through the interaction with the 3'UTR of PPARγ mRNA. A subsequent analysis revaled that the induction of miR-130a suppressed PPARγ protein expression. In NSCLC patients, the results showed that miR-130a downregulation exhibited clinical relevance as it was correlated with poor prognosis and increased tumor stage and metastasis. In addition, miR‑130a was inversely correlated with the macrophage marker, CD163, and target gene, PPARγ. Taken together, the results established miR-130a as a molecular switch during macrophage development and as a potential target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University, First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Kamińska K, Czarnecka AM, Escudier B, Lian F, Szczylik C. Interleukin-6 as an emerging regulator of renal cell cancer. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:476-85. [PMID: 26296264 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our knowledge on the molecular basis of kidney cancer metastasisis still relatively low. About 25-30% of patients suffering from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)present metastatic disease at the time of primary diagnosis. Only 10% of patients diagnosed with stage IV disease survive 5 years and 20-50% of patients diagnosed with localized tumor develop metastases within 3 years. High mortality of patients with this cancer is associated with a large potential for metastasis and resistance to oncologic treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy. Literature data based on studies conducted on other types of cancers suggest that in metastatic ccRCC, the complex of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R; complex IL-6/sIL-6R) and the signal transduction pathway (gp130/STAT3) might play a key role in this process. PURPOSE Therefore, in this review we focus on the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathways as a factor for development and spread of RCC. Analyzing the molecular basis of cancer spreading will enable the development of prognostic tests, evaluate individual predisposition for metastasis, and produce drugs that target metastases. As the development of effective systemic treatments evolve from advancements in molecular biology, continued studies directed at understanding the genetic and molecular complexities of this disease are critical to improve RCC treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fei Lian
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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80
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Wang F, Yang L, Gao Q, Huang L, Wang L, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhang Y. CD163+CD14+ macrophages, a potential immune biomarker for malignant pleural effusion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:965-76. [PMID: 25944005 PMCID: PMC11028729 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication caused by malignant diseases. However, subjectivity, poor sensitivity, and substantial false-negative rates of cytology assay hamper accurate MPE diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether CD163+CD14+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could be used as a biomarker for enabling sensitive and specific MPE diagnosis. METHODS Pleural effusion samples and peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 MPE patients and 50 non-malignant pleural effusion (NMPE) patients, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell phenotypes, and RT-qPCR was used to detect cytokine expression in these monocytes and macrophages. A blinded validation study (n = 40) was subsequently performed to confirm the significance of CD163+CD14+ TAMs in MPE diagnosis. Student's t test, rank sum test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Notably, CD163+CD14+ cell frequency in MPE was remarkably higher than that in NMPE (P < 0.001). In a blinded validation study, a sensitivity of 78.9 % and a specificity of 100 % were obtained with CD163+CD14+ TAMs as a MPE biomarker. In total (n = 140), by using a cutoff level of 3.65 %, CD163+CD14+ cells had a sensitivity of 81.2 % and a specificity of 100 % for MPE diagnosis. Notably, MPE diagnosis by estimating CD163+CD14+ cells in pleural effusion could be obtained one week earlier than that obtained by cytological examination. CONCLUSIONS CD163+CD14+ macrophages could be potentially used as an immune diagnostic marker for MPE and has better assay sensitivity than that of cytological analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diagnosis, Differential
- False Positive Reactions
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/analysis
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/immunology
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/diagnosis
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan Province China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan Province China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan Province China
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Expression of Th17 cell population regulatory cytokines in laryngeal carcinoma - Preliminary study. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:195-200. [PMID: 26557759 PMCID: PMC4631281 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.51612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 as Th17 lymphocyte activity markers in relation to invasiveness in laryngeal cancer. Material and methods The immunological analysis was conducted in 50 patients treated for squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and 30 healthy volunteers as controls. The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in supernatants of purified peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures were determined by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The clinicomorphological criteria included pTNM, stage, G, and the total tumour front grading (TFG) score. Results Our data demonstrated higher concentrations of IL-23 in patients as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). No statistical difference for IL-17 in these groups was observed. Our study revealed significant dependences in IL-23 expression on pT (p = 0.04), histological differentiation (p = 0.04), and TFG total score (p = 0.02). Advanced tumours (pT3–pT4) with higher grade (G2–G3) and higher invasiveness (> 14 TFG points) were characterised by elevated IL-23 levels in PBMC supernatants. Our data did not indicate a relationship between cytokine levels and three- and five-year survival. However, a tendency towards lower content of IL-23 in PBMC cultures in patients who lived longer than five years after treatment was noted. The relationships between IL-17 level in PBMC cultures and clinicomorphological and prognostic parameters have not been disclosed. Conclusions The results of this study suggest the importance of regulatory cytokine IL-23 in determining the aggressive potential of laryngeal carcinomas.
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Devaud C, John LB, Westwood JA, Yong CS, Beavis PA, Schwendener RA, Darcy PK, Kershaw MH. Cross-talk between tumors can affect responses to therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e975572. [PMID: 26140251 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.975572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced stages of cancer often involve multiple tumors in different locations in the body. These tumors are associated with a microenvironment that can influence tumor responses to immunotherapy. Whether tumors and their disparate microenvironment can interact together at distance in a multiple tumor setting, through a form of cross-talk, and affect their responses to immunotherapy has never been described. Our study investigated the cross-talk between two tumors with disparate microenvironments in a mouse model. We demonstrated that immunosuppressive visceral tumors could influence distant subcutaneous (SC) tumors to render them resistant to immunotherapy. We observed distinct modifications in the SC tumor microenvironment following cross-talk with kidney tumors that exhibit a type-2 macrophage-related immunosuppressive microenvironment. Indeed, when a concomitant kidney tumor was present in the mouse, the SC tumors were highly infiltrated with M2 macrophages and had a reduced T cell and NK cell effector immune profile. Finally, blocking the M2-associated chemokine CCL2 or depleting macrophages, significantly improved the effect of immunotherapy on growth of SC tumors in the presence of concomitant kidney tumors. This work emphasizes the potential negative influence that a tumor, with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment, can exert on distant tumors that would normally be treatment-responsive. This report may lead to a new vision of the prioritization in the treatment of advanced metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Devaud
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia
| | - Liza B John
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Westwood
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia
| | - Carmen Sm Yong
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia
| | - Reto A Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research; University of Zurich ; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia ; ; Department of Immunology; Monash University ; Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Australia ; ; Department of Immunology; Monash University ; Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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83
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De Wolf K, Vermaelen K, De Meerleer G, Lambrecht BN, Ost P. The potential of radiotherapy to enhance the efficacy of renal cell carcinoma therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1042198. [PMID: 26464810 PMCID: PMC4590014 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1042198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor, but uses several immune-suppressive mechanisms to shift the balance from tumor immune response toward tumor growth. Although RCC has traditionally been considered to be radiation resistant, recent evidence suggests that hypofractionated radiotherapy contributes to systemic antitumor immunity. Because the efficacy of antitumor immune responses depends on the complex balance between diverse immune cells and progressing tumor cells, radiotherapy alone is unlikely to induce persistent antitumor immunity. Therefore, the combination of radiotherapy with drugs having synergistic immunomodulatory properties holds great promise with the optimal timing and sequence of modalities depending on the agent used. We highlight the immunomodulatory properties of targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) neutralizing antibodies, and will suggest a combination schedule with radiotherapy based on the available literature. We also address the combination of radiotherapy with innovative treatments in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Wolf
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research; Ghent University Hospital ; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karim Vermaelen
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Ghent University Hospital ; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research; Ghent University Hospital ; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Unit Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology; VIB Inflammation Research Center ; Ghent, Belgium ; GROUP-ID Consortium; Ghent University and University Hospital ; Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ghent University ; Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Erasmus MC ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research; Ghent University Hospital ; Ghent, Belgium
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Shi H, Qi X, Ma B, Cao Y, Wang L, Sun L, Niu H. The status, limitation and improvement of adoptive cellular immunotherapy in advanced urologic malignancies. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:128-37. [PMID: 25937774 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has been gradually established as the fourth frequently adopted antitumor therapy, following surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, for advanced urologic malignancies with an improved understanding of theoretical basis, such as molecular biology and immunology. Thereinto, adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) has become one of the hotspots, which comprises a variety of treatment approaches, such as TIL, CIK cell, γδ T cell, CAR-engineered T cell and Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Although preclinical efficacy has been demonstrated remarkably, clinical trials could not consistently show the benefit due to multi-factors in complex immunosuppressive microenvironment in vivo compared to that of in vitro. Here we review some timely aspects of ACI for advanced urologic malignancies, and describe the current status and limitation of immunotherapy from the cellular level. It's our expectation to provide prompting consideration of novel combinatorial ACI strategies and a resurgence of interest in ACI for advanced urologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Shi
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiangjie Qi
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bin Ma
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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85
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Ke X, Wu M, Lou J, Zhang S, Huang P, Sun R, Huang L, Xie E, Wang F, Gu B. Activation of Toll-like receptors signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cell line induced by tumor-associated macrophages. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:181-9. [PMID: 25937780 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is often linked with the progress and poor outcome of lung cancer. The understanding of the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and lung cancer cells involves in the underlying mechanism of inflammatory cytokine production. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are engaged in promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and play an important role in tumor immunology. METHODS To investigate the mechanisms by which TAMs influence the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung cancer cells, we established an in vitro coculture system using TAMs and human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line SPC-A1. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in SPC-A1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and cytometric bead array assay after being cocultured with TAMs. Expression changes of TLRs and TLRs signaling pathway proteins in SPC-A1 were further confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot. The level changes of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in SPC-A1 were also detected after the stimulation of TLRs agonists. RESULTS We found that the phenotype markers of TAMs were highly expressed after stimulating human monocyte cell line THP-1 by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Higher mRNA and supernate secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in SPC-A1 after being cocultured with TAMs. We also found that TLR1, TLR6 and TLR7 were up-regulated in SPC-A1 in the coculture system with TAMs. Meanwhile, TLRs signaling pathway proteins were also significantly activated. Moreover, pre-treatment with agonist ligands for TLR1, TLR6 and TLR7 could dramatically promote inductions of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that TAMs may enhance IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expressions via TLRs signaling pathway. We conclude that TAMs contribute to maintain the inflammation microenvironment and ultimately promote the development and progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ke
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meng Wu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianfang Lou
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ruihong Sun
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Huang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Erfu Xie
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bing Gu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that cancer-associated inflammation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. The role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. We conducted the meta-analysis to determine the association between NLR and clinical outcome of patients with RCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE databases in March 2014. Meta-analysis was performed to generate combined HRs with 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free/progress-free survival (RFS/PFS). RESULTS 15 cohorts containing 3357 patients were included. Our analysis results indicated that elevated NLR predicted poorer OS (HR=1.82, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.19) and RFS/PFS (HR=2.18, 95% CI 1.75 to 2.71) in patients with RCC. These findings were robust when stratified by study region, sample size, therapeutic intervention, types of RCC and study quality. However, it differed significantly by assessment of the cut-off value defining 'elevated NLR' in RFS/PFS (p=0.004). The heterogeneity in our meta-analysis was mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS Elevated NLR indicates a poorer prognosis for patients with RCC. NLR should be monitored in patients with RCC for rational risk stratification and treatment individualisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Hu
- Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Santoni M, Massari F, Del Re M, Ciccarese C, Piva F, Principato G, Montironi R, Santini D, Danesi R, Tortora G, Cascinu S. Investigational therapies targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:809-24. [PMID: 25746129 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli and thus plays a key role in several cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. Deregulation of the STAT3 activity has been shown in many malignancies, including breast, head and neck, prostate, pancreas, ovarian and brain cancers and melanoma. Thus, STAT3 may represent an ideal target for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED The authors review recent data on the role of STAT3 in tumor initiation and progression, as well as the ongoing clinical trials in cancer patients. The content includes information derived from trial databases, regulatory authorities and scientific literature. EXPERT OPINION Targeting STAT3 activation leads to the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo without affecting normal cells; this suggests that STAT3 could be a valid molecular target for cancer therapy. Extensive clinical research is trying to find anti-STAT3 agents with high single-agent activity. The identification and development of novel drugs that can target deregulated STAT3 activation effectively is both a scientific and clinical challenge that needs to be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti , via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona , Italy +39 0715964263 ; +39 0715964269 ;
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88
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Hoffmann OI, Ilmberger C, Magosch S, Joka M, Jauch KW, Mayer B. Impact of the spheroid model complexity on drug response. J Biotechnol 2015; 205:14-23. [PMID: 25746901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical investigators are searching for preclinical models closely resembling the original cancer and predicting clinical outcome. This study compares drug response of three in vitro 3D-drug screening models with different complexity. Tumor cell line spheroids were generated from the cell lines Caco-2, DLD-1, COLO 205, HT-29 and HCT-116, and treated with clinically relevant combination therapies, namely 5-FU/oxaliplatin (FO), 5-FU/irinotecan (FI) and the molecular drugs Cetuximab, Trastuzumab, Vorinostat and Everolimus. Treatment results were compared with spheroids originated from tumor cell lines (Caco-2, DLD-1) co-cultured with stromal cells (PBMCs, cancer-associated fibroblasts of colorectal origin) and spheroids directly prepared from colon cancer tissues. Different microenvironment compositions altered the tumor cell line spheroid response patterns. Adding PBMCs increased resistance to FO treatment by 10-15% in Caco-2 and DLD-1 spheroids but decreased resistance to FI by 16% in DLD-1 spheroids. Fibroblast co-cultures decreased resistance to FI in Caco-2 spheroids by 38% but had no impact on FO. Treatment of colon cancer tissue spheroids revealed three distinct response pattern subgroups not detectable in 3D cell lines models. The cancer tissue spheroid model mimics both tumor characteristics and the stromal microenvironment and therefore is an invaluable screening model for pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mareile Joka
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Barbara Mayer
- SpheroTec GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Elavazhagan S, Fatehchand K, Santhanam V, Fang H, Ren L, Gautam S, Reader B, Mo X, Cheney C, Briercheck E, Vasilakos JP, Dietsch GN, Hershberg RM, Caligiuri M, Byrd JC, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S. Granzyme B expression is enhanced in human monocytes by TLR8 agonists and contributes to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2786-95. [PMID: 25667415 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
FcγRs are critical mediators of mAb cancer therapies, because they drive cytotoxic processes upon binding of effector cells to opsonized targets. Along with NK cells, monocytes are also known to destroy Ab-coated targets via Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, the precise mechanisms by which monocytes carry out this function have remained elusive. In this article, we show that human monocytes produce the protease granzyme B upon both FcγR and TLR8 activation. Treatment with TLR8 agonists elicited granzyme B and also enhanced FcγR-mediated granzyme B production in an additive fashion. Furthermore, monocyte-mediated ADCC against cetuximab-coated tumor targets was enhanced by TLR8 agonist treatment, and this enhancement of ADCC required granzyme B. Hence we have identified granzyme B as an important mediator of FcγR function in human monocytes and have uncovered another mechanism by which TLR8 agonists may enhance FcγR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Elavazhagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kavin Fatehchand
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Vikram Santhanam
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Huiqing Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Brenda Reader
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Carolyn Cheney
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Edward Briercheck
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | | | | | - Michael Caligiuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jonathan P Butchar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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Devaud C, Westwood JA, Teng MW, John LB, Yong CS, Duong CP, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK, Kershaw MH. Differential potency of regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression in kidney tumors compared to subcutaneous tumors. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e963395. [PMID: 25941590 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.963395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in suppressing the effector immune response thereby permitting tumor development. Indeed, in mouse models, their depletion can promote the regression of tumors of various origins, including renal cell carcinoma when located subcutaneous (SC). In the present study, we aimed to assess the importance of Treg immunosuppression in the physiologic context of metastatic renal carcinoma (Renca) disease. To that purpose we inoculated renal tumors orthotopically, intra-kidney (IK), in mice. Treg depletions were performed using anti-CD4 antibody in wild type mice or diphtheria toxin (DT) in Foxp3DTR transgenic mice. Our main observation was that Treg were not the key immunosuppressive component of the IK tumoral microenvironment, compared to the same tumors located SC. We demonstrated that the CD8+ effector immune response was still suppressed in IK tumors when compared to SC tumors, following Treg depletion. Furthermore, the level of program cell death protein (PD)-1 was increased on the surface of CD4+ T cells infiltrating IK tumors compared to SC tumors. Finally, the Treg-independent immunosuppression, occurring in IK tumors, was potent enough to inhibit regression of concomitant SC tumors, normally responsive to Treg depletion. Our findings provide further insight into the immunosuppressive nature of the immune response generated in the kidney microenvironment, suggesting that it can have additional mechanisms in addition to Treg. These observations might help to identify better targets from the kidney tumor microenvironment for future cancer therapies.
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Key Words
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
- DEREG, Depletion of Regulatory T cells
- DT, diphtheria toxin
- DTR, diphtheria toxin receptor
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- FR, folate receptor
- Foxp3, Forkhead box protein P3
- IFN, interferon
- IK, intra-kidney
- IL, interleukin
- IP, intra-peritoneal
- IV, intravenously
- M2, type-2 immunosuppressive macrophages
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PD-1, program cell death protein 1
- PD-L1, PD ligand 1
- Renca Ch+ L+, Renca Cherry Luciferase
- SC, subcutaneous
- T regulatory cells
- TCR, T cell receptor
- Th, T helper cells
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- depletion
- immunosuppression
- kidney tumors
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Devaud
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Westwood
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Wl Teng
- Cancer Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liza B John
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmen Sm Yong
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Connie Pm Duong
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Immunology; Monash University ; Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Research Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne ; Parkville, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Immunology; Monash University ; Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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91
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Spary LK, Salimu J, Webber JP, Clayton A, Mason MD, Tabi Z. Tumor stroma-derived factors skew monocyte to dendritic cell differentiation toward a suppressive CD14 + PD-L1 + phenotype in prostate cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e955331. [PMID: 25941611 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated stromal myofibroblasts are essential for the progression and metastatic spread of solid tumors. Corresponding myeloid cell infiltration into primary tumors is a negative prognostic factor in some malignancies. The aim of this study was to define the exact role of stromal myofibroblasts and stromal factors in early prostate carcinoma (PCa) regulating monocyte infiltration and differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs). Epithelial and stromal primary cultures were generated from PCa biopsies and their purity confirmed. Stromal cells produced significantly more of the (C-C) motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) than epithelial cells. Monocyte chemoattraction was predominantly due to stromal-derived factors, mainly CCL2. DCs generated in the presence of stromal (but not epithelial) factors upregulated CD209, but failed to downregulate the monocyte marker CD14 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent manner. Monocytes exposed to stromal factors did not produce detectable amounts of IL-10, however, upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, stromal factor generated dendritic cells (sDC) produced significantly more IL-10 and less IL-12 than their conventional DC counterparts. sDC failed to cross-present tumor-antigen to CD8+ T cells and suppressed T-cell proliferation. Most importantly, sDC expressed significantly elevated levels of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in a primarily STAT3 and IL-6-dependent manner. In parallel with our findings in vitro, tumor-infiltrating CD14+ cells in situ were found to express both PD-L1 and CD209, and a higher percentage of tumor-associated CD3+ T cells expressed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) molecules compared to T cells in blood. These results demonstrate a hitherto undescribed, fundamental contribution of tumor-associated stromal myofibroblasts to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in early PCa.
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Key Words
- CCL2
- CCL2, (C–C) motif chemokine ligand-2
- CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- CK, cytokeratin
- CM, conditioned media
- CXCL, chemokine (C–X–C) motif
- DC, dendritic cell
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HFF, human foreskin fibroblast
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- I-TAC, interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IL-6
- IP-10, interferon-γ induced protein 10
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MIF, macrophage inhibitory factor
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCaEp, prostate cancer epithelia
- PCaSt, prostate cancer stroma
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- RANTES/CCL5, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted
- SCBM, stromal cell basal media
- SDF-1, stromal-derived factor-1
- STAT3
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TIL, tumor infiltrating leukocytes
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- antigen cross-presentation
- dendritic cells
- immunosuppression
- prostate cancer
- sDC, DC generated in the presence of 50% PCaSt-CM
- tumor microenvironment
- tumor stroma
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Spary
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Salimu
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jason P Webber
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malcolm D Mason
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
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92
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Santoni M, Cascinu S, Mills CD. Altering macrophage polarization in the tumor environment: the role of response gene to complement 32. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:783-4. [PMID: 25418471 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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KANG FUBIAO, WANG LING, LI DONG, ZHANG YINGE, SUN DIANXING. Hepatocellular carcinomas promote tumor-associated macrophage M2-polarization via increased B7-H3 expression. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:274-82. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ren F, Fan M, Mei J, Wu Y, Liu C, Pu Q, You Z, Liu L. Interferon-γ and celecoxib inhibit lung-tumor growth through modulating M2/M1 macrophage ratio in the tumor microenvironment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:1527-38. [PMID: 25284985 PMCID: PMC4181549 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages play an important role in tumor growth and progression. These macrophages are heterogeneous with diverse functions, eg, M1 macrophages inhibit tumor growth, whereas M2 macrophages promote tumor growth. In this study, we found that IFNγ and/or celecoxib (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) treatment consistently inhibited tumor growth in a mouse lung cancer model. IFNγ alone and celecoxib alone increased the percentage of M1 macrophages but decreased the percentage of M2 macrophages in the tumors, and thus the M2/M1 macrophage ratio was reduced to 1.1 and 1.7 by IFNγ alone and celecoxib alone, respectively, compared to the M2/M1 macrophage ratio of 4.4 in the control group. A combination of IFNγ and celecoxib treatment reduced the M2/M1 macrophage ratio to 0.8. Furthermore, IFNγ and/or celecoxib treatment decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and VEGF, as well as the density of microvessels in the tumors, compared to the control group. This study provides the proof of principle that IFNγ and/or celecoxib treatment may inhibit lung-tumor growth through modulating the M2/M1 macrophage ratio in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that IFNγ and celecoxib have potential to be further optimized into a new anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, People's Republic of China ; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, People's Republic of China ; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, People's Republic of China ; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, People's Republic of China ; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, People's Republic of China ; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Orleans, LA, USA ; Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA ; Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA ; Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA ; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, People's Republic of China ; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, People's Republic of China
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Chockalingam S, Ghosh SS. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cancer: a review. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10635-44. [PMID: 25238879 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth is influenced by a wide variety of external and internal factors. One of the most important mediators of tumor development is our immune system. The nonstop surveillance of the immune system was originally expected to clear the transformed cells from the body and guard against the development of tumor. But contradictory evidences are reported to show the involvement of immune system in supporting the growth and spread of tumor. Tumor infiltrating immune cells, in addition to harboring immunosuppressive activities, also promote angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor. Many growth factors and cytokines are involved in shaping this complex immune microenvironment of the tumor. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) is one such growth factor which is overexpressed in many tumors. In this review, we summarize the basic biology of MCSF, its role in cancer and discuss the involvement of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chockalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,
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Su B, Zhao W, Shi B, Zhang Z, Yu X, Xie F, Guo Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Shen Q, Wang J, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhou L. Let-7d suppresses growth, metastasis, and tumor macrophage infiltration in renal cell carcinoma by targeting COL3A1 and CCL7. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:206. [PMID: 25193015 PMCID: PMC4168121 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that are functionally involved in numerous critical cellular processes including tumorigenesis. Data mining using a microRNA array database suggested that let-7d microRNA may be associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) malignant progression. Here, we performed further analyses to determine whether let-7d is functionally linked to RCC malignancy. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the level of mature let-7d in RCC clinical specimens and its correlation with clinicopathological data. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to characterize the stroma of RCC. Let-7d overexpressing RCC cell lines combined with mouse models bearing cell-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts were used to assess the functional role of let-7d in vitro and in vivo. Results Downregulation of let-7d in clinical RCC samples was associated with advanced tumor grade and T stage and increased vascular invasion. An inverse relationship between let-7d expression and macrophage infiltration was found in clinical RCC samples. Functional studies indicated that ectopic expression of let-7d significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration, and peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) recruitment in vitro, as well as tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor macrophage infiltration in vivo. In silico analysis and subsequent experimental validation confirmed collagen, type III, alpha 1 (COL3A1) and C-C subfamily chemokine member CCL7 as direct let-7d target genes. The addition of COL3A1 and CCL7 counteracted the inhibitory effects of let-7d on RCC cell proliferation, migration, and PBMC recruitment. The inhibition of let-7d increased cell proliferation, migration, and PBMC recruitment by the enhanced expression of COL3A1 and CCL7 genes in vitro. The mRNA levels of COL3A1 and CCL7 were inversely correlated with let-7d level in RCC clinical specimens. Conclusions These results suggest that let-7d may suppress RCC growth, metastasis, and tumor macrophage infiltration at least partially through targeting COL3A1 and CCL7. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-206) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital & the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
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Quandt D, Jasinski-Bergner S, Müller U, Schulze B, Seliger B. Synergistic effects of IL-4 and TNFα on the induction of B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma cells inhibiting allogeneic T cell proliferation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:151. [PMID: 24885059 PMCID: PMC4079621 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of B7-H molecules for the T cell/tumor communication and its impact on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression and prognosis has been recently described. Cytokine treatment of RCC has earlier been shown to be beneficial in preclinical settings, but its clinical implementation has not proven to be as effective. This might be partially explained by the yet incomplete picture of cellular alterations in tumor cells upon cytokine treatment investigated in detail in this study. Methods RCC tumor cell lines were treated with different cytokines alone or in combination. The constitutive and/or cytokine-induced expression of cytokine receptors signaling components and B7-H molecules in RCC cells were analysed by qPCR and flow cytometry. A mcherry reporter gene construct containing B7-H1 promoter was cloned and its activity was determined upon transfection in cytokine-stimulated cells. Cytokine pretreated tumor cells were co-cultured with allogeneic CD8+ T cells from healthy donors and T cell proliferation as well as cytokine secretion was determined. Results A heterogeneous, but constitutive B7-H1,-H2,-H3 and H4 expression was found on human RCC cell lines. IL-4 and TNFα treatment led to strong synergistic induction of B7-H1 in RCC cells, whereas B7-H2 was only increased by TNFα. In contrast, B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression were not altered by these cytokines. Treatment of RCC cells with TNFα and IL-4 was accompanied by an activation of signaling molecules like NF-κB, IκB and STAT6. The cytokine-mediated up-regulation of B7-H1 was due to transcriptional control as determined by an increased B7-H1 promoter activity in the presence of IL-4 and TNFα. Despite HLA class I and LFA-1 were also increased, the cytokine-mediated up-regulation of B7-H1 was more pronounced and caused an inhibition of allospecifc CD8+ T cell proliferation. Conclusion Thus, IL-4 and TNFα, which could be released by immune cells of the tumor microenvironment, are able to control the B7-H1 expression in RCC thereby altering T cell responses. These data are of importance for understanding the complex interplay of tumor cells with immune cells orchestrated by a number of different soluble and membrane bound mediators and for the implementation of check point antibodies directed against B7-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str, 2, Halle 06112, Germany.
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98
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Sainio A, Järveläinen H. Extracellular matrix macromolecules: potential tools and targets in cancer gene therapy. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:14. [PMID: 26056582 PMCID: PMC4452050 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells create their own microenvironment where they closely interact with a variety of soluble and non-soluble molecules, different cells and numerous other components within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interaction between tumour cells and the ECM is bidirectional leading to either progression or inhibition of tumourigenesis. Therefore, development of novel therapies targeted primarily to tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly rational. Here, we give a short overview of different macromolecules of the ECM and introduce mechanisms whereby they contribute to tumourigenesis within the TME. Furthermore, we present examples of individual ECM macromolecules as regulators of cell behaviour during tumourigenesis. Finally, we focus on novel strategies of using ECM macromolecules as tools or targets in cancer gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annele Sainio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Fl-20520 Turku, Finland
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99
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Kiyota T, Takahashi Y, Watcharanurak K, Nishikawa M, Ohara S, Ando M, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Enhancement of Anticancer Effect of Interferon-γ Gene Transfer against Interferon-γ-Resistant Tumor by Depletion of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1542-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4007216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kiyota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kanitta Watcharanurak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saori Ohara
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ando
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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100
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Bielecka ZF, Czarnecka AM, Solarek W, Kornakiewicz A, Szczylik C. Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Clear - Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:218-228. [PMID: 25152704 PMCID: PMC4141325 DOI: 10.2174/1574362409666140206223014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clear - cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma - the most prevalent adult kidney cancer. Causes of ccRCC are not completely understood and therefore number of available therapies is limited. As a consequence of tumor chemo- and radioresistance as well as restrictions in offered targeted therapies, overall response rate is still unsatisfactory. Moreover, a significant group of patients (circa 1/4) does not respond to the targeted first-line treatment, while in other cases, after an initial period of stable improvement, disease progression occurs. Owing to this, more data on resistance mechanisms are needed, especially those concerning widely used, relatively lately approved and more successful than previous therapies - tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Up to date, five TKIs have been licensed for ccRCC treatment: sunitinib (SUTENT®, Pfizer Inc.), sorafenib (Nexavar®, Bayer HealthCare/Onyx Pharmaceuticals), pazopanib (Votrient®, GlaxoSmithKline), axitinib (Inlyta®, Pfitzer Inc.) and tivozanib (AV-951®, AVEO Pharmaceuticals). Researchers have specified different subsets of tyrosine kinase inhibitors potential resistance mechanisms in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. In most papers published until now, drug resistance is divided into intrinsic and acquired, and typically multi-drug resistance (MDR) protein is described. Herein, the authors focus on molecular analysis concerning acquired, non-genetic resistance to TKIs, with insight into specific biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia F Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland ; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solarek
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland ; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kornakiewicz
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland ; I Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland
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