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Katz R, Ahmed MA, Safadi A, Abu Nasra W, Visoki A, Huckim M, Elias I, Nuriel‐Ohayon M, Neuman H. Characterization of fecal microbiome in biopsy positive prostate cancer patients. BJUI COMPASS 2021; 3:55-61. [PMID: 35475151 PMCID: PMC8988526 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize the fecal microbiome in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Patients and methods Forty‐nine consecutive patients who were referred for trans rectal prostate biopsy were tested. Patients who received antibiotics 3 months prior to the biopsy, patients with history of pelvic irradiation, prostate or colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and urinary tract infection were excluded. A rectal swab was obtained just prior to the biopsy, immediately placed in a sterile tube and kept in −80°C. Sequencing was performed for the 16S rRNA 515F + 806R gene fragment using the QIIME2 software. Analytic tests included Beta diversity (Weighted Unifrac, Unweighted Unifrac, Bray‐Curtis), Alpha diversity (Faith, Evenness), Taxa bar plots and PCoA plots. Results Forty‐five samples were suitable for analysis with at least 8000 readings per sample. All patients were Caucasian. Twenty patients had prostate cancer and 25 had benign prostates (BPH). Among prostate cancer patients, Gleason Score was 3 + 3 in 11 patients, 3 + 4 in 5, 4 + 3 in 3, and 4 + 4 in 2. There was no statistical difference in demographic parameters between the groups. We identified over 1000 bacterial species, typical for the colonic microbiome. No significant differences in bacterial populations were found between prostate cancer versus benign prostate patients nor between age groups or between subgroups of Gleason or International Society of Uro‐pathology (ISUP) scores. Conclusions Although the microbiome has previously been shown to have an impact on the human microenvironment and cancer risk, we could not demonstrate a significant difference between the flora diversity of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients and BPH patients. Further research into distinct bacterial metabolic pathways may reveal unique risk factors for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Katz
- Department of Urology Ziv Medical Center Safed Israel
| | | | - Ali Safadi
- Department of Urology Ziv Medical Center Safed Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Elias
- Department of Urology Ziv Medical Center Safed Israel
| | | | - Hadar Neuman
- Medical Research Center Ziv Medical Center and Zefat Academic College Safed Israel
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García-Perdomo HA, Gómez-Ospina JC, Chaves-Medina MJ, Sierra JM, Gómez AMA, Rivas JG. Impact of lifestyle in prostate cancer patients. What should we do? Int Braz J Urol 2021; 48:244-262. [PMID: 34472770 PMCID: PMC8932020 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review aimed to analyze interventions raised within primary and tertiary prevention concerning the disease's incidence, progression, and recurrence of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Priority was given to the multidisciplinary approach of PCa patients with an emphasis on modifiable risk factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in the following databases: Embase, Central, and Medline. We included the most recent evidence assessing cohort studies, case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in the last five years. We only included studies in adults and in vitro or cell culture studies. The review was limited to English and Spanish articles. Results: Preventive interventions at all levels are the cornerstone of adherence to disease treatment and progression avoidance. The relationship in terms of healthy lifestyles is related to greater survival. The risk of developing cancer is associated to different eating habits, determined by geographic variations, possibly related to different genetic susceptibilities. Discussion: PCa is the second most common cancer in men, representing a leading cause of death among men in Latin America. Prevention strategies and healthy lifestyles are associated with higher survival rates in PCa patients. Also, screening for anxiety and the presence of symptoms related to mood disorders is essential in the patient's follow-up concerning their perception of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- Division of Urology/Uroooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Cho D, Milbury K, Liao Y, Pettaway CA, Gregg JR, Li Y, McNeill LH. Study protocol: One plus one can be greater than two-Ecological momentary assessment for Black prostate cancer survivors and partners. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255614. [PMID: 34370761 PMCID: PMC8351991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that romantic partners play a pivotal role in patients' survivorship period, integrating partners into survivorship care and broadening the focus of behavioral interventions from the individual (survivor) to the survivor-partner dyad may make healthy lifestyle behaviors more easily adopted and potentially maintained. Understanding the role of dyadic processes in Black survivors is particularly important because their lifestyle behaviors are poor and they have higher cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. To develop an effective dyadic lifestyle behavior intervention for Black survivors, micro-level investigations of interactions between Black survivors and their partners are necessary to pinpoint how survivors and partners facilitate or hinder each other's lifestyle behaviors in their natural, everyday lives. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to fill these gaps using ecological momentary assessment to eventually develop more effective lifestyle interventions for Black prostate cancer (PCa) survivors and partners. A total of 120 dyads (i.e., 240 individuals) who are Black adult survivors diagnosed with non-metastatic PCa and their romantic partners will be asked to complete four assessments per day for 14 consecutive days on a smartphone after an initial retrospective survey. Over the 14 days, participants will be asked to complete a brief survey regarding their lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, sedentariness and eating behaviors), contexts of lifestyle behaviors, stress, and coping. Physical activity and sedentary behavior will be assessed via accelerometer; eating behaviors will be assessed with the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool. After completing the 14-day assessment, participants will be asked to complete a final retrospective survey. Results of the proposed study will inform the rigorous development of a theory-based dyadic lifestyle intervention in this vulnerable survivorship population with the ultimate goal to improve overall survival and reduce morbidities (for survivors) and reduce cancer incidence (for partners).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalnim Cho
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathrin Milbury
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Gregg
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lorna H. McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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54
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Ferro M, Lucarelli G, Buonerba C, Terracciano D, Boccia G, Cerullo G, Cosimato V. Narrative review of Mediterranean diet in Cilento: longevity and potential prevention for prostate cancer. Ther Adv Urol 2021; 13:17562872211026404. [PMID: 35173812 PMCID: PMC8842148 DOI: 10.1177/17562872211026404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Regional Reference Center for Rare Tumors, Department of Oncology and Hematology, AOU Federico II of Naples, Naples, Campania, Italy
- National Reference Center for Environmental Health, Zoo-prophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cosimato
- Division of Laboratory Medicine – Civil Hospital “Maria SS. Addolorata”– Eboli, Salerno, Italy
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55
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Mouzannar A, Kuchakulla M, Blachman-Braun R, Nackeeran S, Becerra M, Nahar B, Punnen S, Ritch C, Parekh DJ, Gonzalgo ML. Impact of Plant-Based Diet on PSA Level: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Urology 2021; 156:205-210. [PMID: 34303759 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the potential association between plant-based dietary content and PSA levels among men enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Data on demographics, diet, and PSA levels was acquired from the NHANES database. Plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) were calculated using food frequency questionnaires. A higher score on PDI and hPDI indicates higher consumption of plant foods or healthy plant foods, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between elevated PSA, clinical variables, demographics, and plant-based diet indices. RESULTS A total of 1399 men were included in the final cohort. Median age of participants was 54 [46-63] years. Median PSA level was 0.9 [0.6-1.5] ng/dL, and 69 (4.9%) men had a PSA level ≥4 ng/dL. Although there was no association between elevated PSA and PDI, on multivariable analysis patients with higher consumption of healthy plant-based diet (high hPDI scores) had a decreased probability of having an elevated PSA (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.95; P = .034). CONCLUSION There is a significant association between increased consumption of a healthy plant-based diet and lower PSA levels. This finding may be incorporated into the shared-decision making process with patients to promote healthier lifestyle choices to reduce the likelihood of prostate biopsy and potential treatment-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mouzannar
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
| | - Manish Kuchakulla
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sirpi Nackeeran
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Maria Becerra
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Bruno Nahar
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sanoj Punnen
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Chad Ritch
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Dipen J Parekh
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Mark L Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Wu CH, Chen CH, Hsieh PF, Lee YH, Kuo WWT, Wu RCY, Hung CH, Yang YL, Lin VC. Verbascoside inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells through high-mobility group box 1/receptor for advanced glycation end-products/TGF-β pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1080-1089. [PMID: 33522686 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer has significant mortality and metastasis rate in the male. Unfortunately, effective treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer is still lacking. Verbascoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, displays various pharmacological properties, such as the anti-cancer activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of purified verbascoside on human prostate cancer and the associated molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines, Du-145 and PC-3, were treated with various concentrations of verbascoside (0.1, 1, 10 μM) for 24 h followed by the examination of cell viability using MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. Cell migration and invasion capacities were assessed by wound healing assay and transwell system. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated factors, components of transforming growth factor (TGF-β)/Smad signaling, and high-mobility group box (HMGB)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) axis. RESULTS Verbascoside treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of Du-145 and PC-3 cells. We showed that verbascoside decreased the expression of EMT promotors, Snail and Slug, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Moreover, the expression level of alpha-smooth muscle actin was downregulated by verbascoside as well. Besides, we found that the TGF-β pathway was suppressed, which was demonstrated by the diminished expression of type I and II TGF-β receptors and phosphorylated Smad2/3 along with the upregulated Smad7. Our data suggested that this downregulation of TGF-β signaling was mediated by repression of HMGB 1 (HMGB1)/RAGE axis. CONCLUSION Verbascoside mitigated the cell proliferation and aggressiveness of prostate cancer via downregulation of TGF-β-associated EMT progression through HMGB1/RAGE suppression. Collectively, our findings revealed that verbascoside may be a beneficial dietary supplement for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Wu
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wade Wei-Ting Kuo
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Richard Chen-Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Victor C Lin
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Brassetti A, Ferriero M, Napodano G, Sanseverino R, Badenchini F, Tuderti G, Anceschi U, Bove A, Misuraca L, Mastroianni R, Proietti F, Gallucci M, Simone G. Physical activity decreases the risk of cancer reclassification in patients on active surveillance: a multicenter retrospective study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:1151-1157. [PMID: 34007014 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is associated with favorable outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We assessed its effect on the risk of PCa reclassification (PCaR) during active surveillance. METHODS Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical data concerning men diagnosed with a low-risk PCa and initially managed with active surveillance at the two participating institutions were retrospectively collected. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used for patients' self-assessment of their daily exercise and their consequent stratification into three groups: sedentary (PASE ≤ 65), moderately active (65 < PASE < 125), active (PASE ≥ 125). Kaplan-Meier model was used to evaluate the predictive role of PA on PCaR, computed at 2, 5, 10 years after diagnosis; differences between lifestyle groups were assessed using the log-rank and uni-/multivariable Cox analyses applied to identify predictors of reclassification. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included in the analysis, with a median age of 66 years (IQR: 59-70); 16% were active, 45% were former smokers, and 3 presented with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density was 0.12 (IQR: 0.07-0.15); 34 men showed a PSA doubling time <10 years. The Median PASE score was 86 (IQR: 61.5-115.8): 24 patients were sedentary, 46 moderately active, and 15 active. At a median follow-up of 37 months (IQR: 14-53), 25% of patients experienced PCaR. These were less physically active (PASE score 69.3 vs 87.8; p = 0.056) and presented with significantly smaller prostates (46 ml vs 50.7 ml; p = 0.001) and a higher PSAD (0.14 vs 0.10; p = 0.019). At 2 years, the risk of reclassification was 25 ± 5%, while it was 38 ± 7% at both 5 and 10 years. The risk was significantly different in the three PA groups (Log Rank p = 0.033). PASE score was the only independent predictor of PCaR (HR: 0.987; 95%CI: 0.977-0.998; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS PA influences PCa evolution, as increasing levels are associated with a significantly reduced risk of tumor reclassification among patients undergoing active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Brassetti
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giorgio Napodano
- Department of Urology, "Umberto I" Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Badenchini
- Department of Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tuderti
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Anceschi
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Bove
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Misuraca
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Proietti
- Department of Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Immunosurveillance of Cancer and Viral Infections with Regard to Alterations of Human NK Cells Originating from Lifestyle and Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050557. [PMID: 34067700 PMCID: PMC8156987 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic immune cells with an innate capacity for eliminating cancer cells and virus- infected cells. NK cells are critical effector cells in the immunosurveillance of cancer and viral infections. Patients with low NK cell activity or NK cell deficiencies are predisposed to increased risks of cancer and severe viral infections. However, functional alterations of human NK cells are associated with lifestyles and aging. Personal lifestyles, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, obesity, and aging are correlated with NK cell dysfunction, whereas adequate sleep, moderate exercise, forest bathing, and listening to music are associated with functional healthy NK cells. Therefore, adherence to a healthy lifestyle is essential and will be favorable for immunosurveillance of cancer and viral infections with healthy NK cells.
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Atere-Roberts J, Gray SC, Hall IJ, Smith JL. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Status, Chronic Conditions, and Behavioral Risk Factors Among Prostate Cancer Survivors, United States, 2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2021; 18:E39. [PMID: 33890569 PMCID: PMC8091944 DOI: 10.5888/pcd18.200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about perceived health status and behavioral risk factors among prostate cancer survivors. The objective of this study was to describe racial and ethnic differences in self-reported health status, chronic conditions, and selected behavioral risk factors among prostate cancer survivors in the US. METHODS We used data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey to calculate the prevalence of various levels of health status, chronic conditions, behavioral risk factors, and sociodemographic characteristics among prostate cancer survivors aged 50 years or older. We stratified results by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Of the 317 prostate cancer survivors in our sample, 33.1% reported no physical activity, 64.2% reported being current drinkers, 26.1% characterized their drinking as moderate/heavy, 42.3% reported being former smokers, and 8.7% were current smokers. Nearly one-third (29.1%) of survivors were obese (body mass index ≥30), and 15.1% had 3 to 6 chronic conditions. A greater percentage of White (29.7%) than Black (14.2%) or Hispanic (16.3%) survivors were moderate/heavy drinkers. A greater percentage of Black (16.2%) than White (7.5%) or Hispanic (7.3%) survivors were current smokers. A greater percentage of Black (25.1%) or Hispanic (27.7%) than White (11.4%) survivors had 3 to 6 chronic conditions. CONCLUSION As the population of older men increases, prostate cancer diagnoses and those surviving the disease will also increase. Significant racial and ethnic group differences in behavioral risk factors and chronic conditions exist among prostate cancer survivors. Public health could prioritize efforts to improve health behaviors among prostate cancer survivors and use targeted interventions to address disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Atere-Roberts
- Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Simone C Gray
- Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ingrid J Hall
- Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Judith Lee Smith
- Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and aerobic exercise improve functioning, morphology, and redox balance in prostate obese rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6282. [PMID: 33737530 PMCID: PMC7973565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates an increase in lipids and can be prejudicial for harmful to prostatic morphogenesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in some types of cancer. The combination of aerobic physical exercise and PUFA can be more effective and reduce the risk of death. The study evaluates the effects of aerobic physical exercise associated with omega-3 (fish and chia oils), on the ventral prostate of Wistar rats those fed with HFD. Here, we report that HFD modified the final body weight and the weight gain, decreased the expression of the androgen receptor and increased prostatic inflammation via TNF-α produced damage prostatic like intraepithelial neoplasia. The supplementation with fish oil decreases final body weight, reduced BCL-2 and inflammation compared to chia oil; aerobic physical exercise associated with fish oil reduced lipids circulant and prostatic, increased proteins pro-apoptotic expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α potentiating the CAT (p = 0.03) and SOD-1 (p = 0.001) expression. Additionally, the chia oil increased the NRF-2 (p < 0.0001) and GSS (p = 0.4) genes. PUFAs reduced the damage caused by excessive high-fat diet in the prostate so that there is greater effectiveness in omega-3 intake, it is necessary to associate with aerobic physical exercise.
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Stringer EJ, Sidhu S, Austin K, Cosby C. Nutrition Education Seminars for Prostate Cancer-Diet and Prostate Program: Evaluation and Recommendations (DAPPER Study). CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2021; 82:27-31. [PMID: 33320768 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2020-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is important for prostate cancer (PCa) care as it may influence PCa progression and risk of comorbid diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to assess changes in knowledge and satisfaction in men with PCa following attendance at a nutrition education seminar. Fifty-two men with PCa attended nutrition education seminars instructed by a Registered Dietitian. Participants completed the Revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ-R) preseminar and 2 weeks postseminar, along with a satisfaction survey. Increased nutrition knowledge was observed through a significant (P = 0.023) improvement in mean scores of 71.6% (P < 0.005) preseminar compared with 79.3% (P < 0.005) postseminar on the GNKQ-R. Participants reported the seminar as a satisfactory method for meeting their diet information needs. Using thematic analysis 3 themes emerged: importance of diet information, desire for an integrative approach, and the value of group learning. This pilot study found that a group nutrition education seminar may be an effective and satisfactory approach to fulfilling the dietary information needs of this population. Group education may be an economically sustainable approach with potential application in other tumour sites or health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satnam Sidhu
- Oncology Nutrition, BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - Karina Austin
- Oncology Nutrition, BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - Cheri Cosby
- Oncology Nutrition, BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC
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Merriel SWD, Ingle SM, May MT, Martin RM. Retrospective cohort study evaluating clinical, biochemical and pharmacological prognostic factors for prostate cancer progression using primary care data. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044420. [PMID: 33579772 PMCID: PMC7883851 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To confirm the association of previously reported prognostic factors with future progression of localised prostate cancer using primary care data and identify new potential prognostic factors for further assessment in prognostic model development and validation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study, employing Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason score, was stratified by diagnostic stage. SETTING Primary care in England. PARTICIPANTS Males with localised prostate cancer diagnosedbetween 01/01/1987 and 31/12/2016 within the Clinical Practice ResearchDatalink database, with linked data from the National Cancer Registration andAnalysis Service and Office for National Statistics. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Primary outcome measure was prostate cancer mortality. Secondary outcome measures were all-cause mortality and commencing systemic therapy. Up-staging after diagnosis was not used as a secondary outcome owing to significant missing data. RESULTS 10 901 men (mean age 74.38±9.03 years) with localised prostate cancer were followed up for a mean of 14.12 (±6.36) years. 2331 (21.38%) men underwent systemic therapy and 3450 (31.65%) died, including 1250 (11.47%) from prostate cancer. Factors associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer mortality included age; high PSA; current or ex-smoker; ischaemic heart disease; high C reactive protein; high ferritin; low haemoglobin; high blood glucose and low albumin. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several new potential prognostic factors for prostate cancer progression, as well as confirming some known prognostic factors, in an independent primary care data set. Further research is needed to develop and validate a prognostic model for prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne Marie Ingle
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Margaret T May
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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63
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Oczkowski M, Dziendzikowska K, Pasternak-Winiarska A, Włodarek D, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Reduction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020496. [PMID: 33546190 PMCID: PMC7913227 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the constantly increasing number of cases, prostate cancer has become one of the most important health problems of modern societies. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the role of nutrients and foodstuff consumption in the etiology and development of prostate malignancies, including the potential mechanisms of action. The results of several in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments as well as those reported by the clinical and epidemiological research studies carried out around the world were analyzed. The outcomes of these studies clearly show the influence of both nutrients and food products on the etiology and prevention of prostate cancer. Consumption of certain nutrients (saturated and trans fatty acids) and food products (e.g., processed meat products) leads to the disruption of prostate hormonal regulation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and alteration of growth factor signaling and lipid metabolism, which all contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products exerts protective and/or therapeutic effects. Special bioactive functions are assigned to compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lycopene. Since the influence of nutrients and dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor in the development and prevention of prostate cancer, awareness of the beneficial and harmful effects of individual food ingredients is of great importance in the global strategy against prostate cancer.
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Efecto de la densidad muscular en pacientes con cáncer de próstata metastásico tratados con terapia de privación androgénica. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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65
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Kawada T. Diet and lifestyles in patients with prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:143. [PMID: 33397595 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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66
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Chan JM, Van Blarigan EL, Langlais CS, Zhao S, Ramsdill JW, Daniel K, Macaire G, Wang E, Paich K, Kessler ER, Beer TM, Lyons KS, Broering JM, Carroll PR, Kenfield SA, Winters-Stone KM. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Remotely Delivered, Web-Based Behavioral Intervention for Men With Prostate Cancer: Four-Arm Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19238. [PMID: 33382378 PMCID: PMC7808895 DOI: 10.2196/19238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and exercise may be associated with quality of life and survival in men with prostate cancer. Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a remotely delivered web-based behavioral intervention among men with prostate cancer. Methods We conducted a multi-site 4-arm pilot randomized controlled trial of a 3-month intervention (TrueNTH Community of Wellness). Eligibility included self-reported prostate cancer diagnosis, having a personal device that connected to the internet, age ≥18 years, and ability to read English and receive text messages and emails. Men receiving chemotherapy or radiation, or those who reported contraindications to exercise, could participate with physician clearance. Participants were randomized (1:1:1:1) to additive intervention levels: website; website and personalized diet and exercise prescription; website, personalized prescription, Fitbit, and text messages; and website, personalized prescription, Fitbit, text messages, and 2 30-minute phone calls—one with an exercise trainer and one with a registered dietician. Primary outcomes were feasibility (accrual and attrition) and acceptability (survey data and website use). We described self-reported diet and exercise behavior at the time of enrollment, 3 months, and 6 months as secondary outcomes. Results In total, 202 men consented and were randomized between August 2017 and September 2018 (level 1: 49, level 2: 51, level 3: 50, level 4: 52). A total of 160 men completed the onboarding process and were exposed to their randomly assigned intervention (38, 38, 42, and 42 in levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The follow-up rate was 82.7% (167/202) at 3 months and 77.2% (156/202) at 6 months. Participants had a median age of 70 years and were primarily White and college educated. Website visit frequency over the 3-month intervention period increased across levels (median: 2, 9, 11, and 16 visits for levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Most were satisfied or very satisfied with the intervention (20/39, 51%; 27/42, 64%; 23/44, 52%; and 27/42, 64% for levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The percentage of men who reported being very satisfied was highest among level 4 participants (10/42, 24% vs 4/39, 10%; 5/42, 12%; and 5/44, 11% for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Dissatisfaction was highest in level 1 (5/39, 13% vs 1/42, 2%; 3/44, 7%; and 2/42, 5% for levels 2, 3, and 4, respectively). We observed small improvements in diet and physical activity at 3 months among men in level 4 versus those in level 1. Conclusions A web-based, remotely delivered, tailored behavioral intervention for men with prostate cancer is feasible. Future studies are warranted to increase the effect of the intervention on patient behavior while maintaining sustainability and scalability as well as to design and implement interventions for more diverse populations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03406013; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03406013
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Affiliation(s)
- June M Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Crystal S Langlais
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shoujun Zhao
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Kimi Daniel
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Greta Macaire
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Wang
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kellie Paich
- Movember Foundation, Culver City, CA, United States
| | | | - Tomasz M Beer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | | | - Peter R Carroll
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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67
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Chen Z, Qi T, Qin XP, Wang J, Huang ZS, Hu XY, Chen G, Qu LJ, Zhuo YM. Long Noncoding RNA SNHG12 Promotes Prostate Tumor Occurrence and Progression via AKT Regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8812923. [PMID: 33426070 PMCID: PMC7772019 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8812923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) has been reported to play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of PCa, but the functional underlying mechanism has not been studied clearly. We detected the expression level of SNHG12 in PCa tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues that were collected from 85 patients. Then, colony formation assays, MTT experiments, and flow cytometry were used to examine the effect of SNHG12 on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of DU145 cells. Further, Transwell invasion assay was utilized to assess whether SNHG12 participates in PCa cell invasion and affects the secretion of VEGF secretion in DU145 cells. Finally, we investigated the effect of SNHG12 on tumor growth in vivo. We found that SNHG12 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in PCa cells, which suggests that SNHG12 is probably a novel PCa biomarker and therapy target of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhang-Sen Huang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Hu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Jun Qu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhuo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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68
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Geng Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu F, Yuan C. Physical activity in the context of advanced breast cancer: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:2119-2143. [PMID: 33314310 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe and synthesize diverse empirical evidence regarding physical activity (PA) in the context of advanced breast cancer (ABC). DESIGN Integrative review guided by the work of Whittemore and Knafl (2005). DATA SOURCES Six electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant literature published between January 2007-June 2019. REVIEW METHODS Abstracts of papers that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed by two researchers and full texts of eligible papers were assessed. Data were extracted by two independent researchers and inter-rater reliability of data extraction established. Quality of papers was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were organized according to comprehensive thematic analysis and the biobehavioural model for the study of exercise interventions. RESULTS Of the 532 abstracts, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria which included six randomized controlled trials, one quantitative non-randomized study, seven quantitative descriptive studies, three mixed method studies and one qualitative study. Results from studies enrolled fell into four domains: PA performance and its influence on survival; barriers and preferences for PA; interventions to enhance PA; perceived benefits of PA from qualitative feedback. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests that ABC patients are physically inactive. Main barriers of PA are less aerobic fitness and heavy symptom burden. Simple, tailored and specialist-supervised PA is preferred by ABC patients. Form of joint self-instructed and group accompanying is advocated as well. PA intervention programmes identified in this review vary on type, intensity, duration and frequency, while generally, are found to be feasible, safe and beneficial to patients' physical and psychosocial well-being. IMPACT The results propose tailored, supervised, group-based PA programmes are in urgent need for ABC patients. Clinical professionals should manage more feasible and safer PA interventions to help improve patients' overall health. More research with rigorous methodology design is warranted to explore PA's effect on long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Geng
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fulei Wu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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69
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Wilson RL, Shannon T, Calton E, Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Hart NH, Lyons-Wall P, Newton RU. Efficacy of a weight loss program prior to robot assisted radical prostatectomy in overweight and obese men with prostate cancer. Surg Oncol 2020; 35:182-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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70
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Bryant J, Turon H, Mansfield E, Cameron E, Dodd N. Discussions About Lifestyle Risk Factors Following a Cancer Diagnosis: Findings from a Sample of Australian Cancer Outpatients. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:1170-1176. [PMID: 31317514 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis are at risk of cancer recurrence. However, many cancer survivors do not adhere to lifestyle recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Little is known about the extent to which cancer patients are asked about lifestyle risk factors by healthcare providers following diagnosis. The aim of this study is to determine among Australian cancer survivors the (1) proportion asked about smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition and physical activity; (2) total number of lifestyle risk factors asked about; and (3) factors associated with being asked about fewer risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with cancer patients attending outpatient clinics. Eligible patients completed a baseline survey and a second survey 4 weeks later. Data about demographic and disease characteristics, and whether participants had been asked about smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet since being diagnosed with cancer, was collected. A total of 144 patients were included in the analyses. Following diagnosis, most had been asked about smoking (86%), alcohol consumption (85%), physical activity (80%) and diet (69%) by a healthcare provider. Sixty-one percent of participants reported being asked about all four risk factors; only 6% recalled being asked about none. After controlling for age, participants with a high school or lower education were more likely to be asked about fewer risk factors (OR 2.16; 95%CI 1.0 to 4.6; p = 0.04) compared with those with a trade, vocational or university-level education. Just over one-third of a sample of Australian cancer patients were not asked about all assessed lifestyle risk factors following their diagnosis of cancer. These findings suggest there is scope to improve identification of lifestyle risk factors among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bryant
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Heidi Turon
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Elise Mansfield
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Emilie Cameron
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Natalie Dodd
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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71
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Wang SC, Chan L, Hsieh TY, Wang CH, Chen SL, Sung WW. Limited improvement in prostate cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high health care expenditures. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21308-21315. [PMID: 33216731 PMCID: PMC7695365 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with the level of available healthcare. However, no data are currently available to show an association between differences in the prostate cancer MIRs and healthcare disparity. In the present study, changes in MIR over time (δMIR) were calculated as the difference between MIRs in 2018 and 2012. The significance between expenditures on healthcare and the human development index (HDI) were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A total of 47 countries were studied. Countries were excluded based on inadequate data quality and missing data. The crude prostate cancer incidence rates, but not mortality rates, correlated with the HDI score and healthcare expenditure. A high HDI score and high healthcare expenditure were also significantly associated with a favorable MIR (ρ = -0.704, p < 0.001; ρ = -0.741, p < 0.001, respectively). Importantly, healthcare disparities were negatively associated with the improvement in δMIR (ρ = -0.556, p < 0.001; ρ = -0.506, p < 0.001, respectively). These findings indicate that favorable prostate cancer MIRs are associated with higher healthcare expenditures, but the trends in MIR between 2012 and 2018 correlate negatively with HDI and healthcare expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tzuo-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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72
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Wang EY, Graff RE, Chan JM, Langlais CS, Broering JM, Ramsdill JW, Kessler ER, Winters-Stone KM, Van Blarigan EL, Kenfield SA. Web-Based Lifestyle Interventions for Prostate Cancer Survivors: Qualitative Study. JMIR Cancer 2020; 6:e19362. [PMID: 33170126 PMCID: PMC7685923 DOI: 10.2196/19362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise and a healthy diet can improve the quality of life and prognosis of prostate cancer survivors, but there have been limited studies on the feasibility of web-based lifestyle interventions in this population. Objective This study aims to develop a data-driven grounded theory of web-based engagement by prostate cancer survivors based on their experience in the Community of Wellness, a 12-week randomized clinical trial designed to support healthy diet and exercise habits. Methods TrueNTH’s Community of Wellness was a four-arm pilot study of men with prostate cancer (N=202) who received progressive levels of behavioral support (level 1: website; level 2: website with individualized diet and exercise recommendations; level 3: website with individualized diet and exercise recommendations, Fitbit, and text messages; and level 4: website with individualized diet and exercise recommendations, Fitbit and text messages, and separate phone calls with an exercise trainer and a registered dietitian). The primary aim of the study is to determine the feasibility and estimate the effects on behaviors (results reported in a separate paper). Following the 12-week intervention, we invited participants to participate in 4 focus groups, one for each intervention level. In this report, we used grounded theory analyses including open, axial, and selective coding to generate codes and themes from the focus group transcripts. Categories were refined across levels using embodied categorization and constant comparative methods. Results In total, 20 men with prostate cancer participated in the focus groups: 5, 4, 5, and 6 men in levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Participants converged on 5 common factors influencing engagement with the intervention: environment (home environment, competing priorities, and other lifestyle programs), motivation (accountability and discordance experienced within the health care system), preparedness (technology literacy, health literacy, trust, and readiness to change), program design (communication, materials, and customization), and program support (education, ally, and community). Each of these factors influenced the survivors’ long-term impressions and habits. We proposed a grounded theory associating these constructs to describe the components contributing to the intuitiveness of a web-based lifestyle intervention. Conclusions These analyses suggest that web-based lifestyle interventions are more intuitive when we optimize participants’ technology and health literacy; tailor interface design, content, and feedback; and leverage key motivators (ie, health care providers, family members, web-based coach) and environmental factors (ie, familiarity with other lifestyle programs). Together, these grounded theory–based efforts may improve engagement with web-based interventions designed to support prostate cancer survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Y Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - June M Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Crystal S Langlais
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stacey A Kenfield
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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73
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PCLiON: An Ontology for Data Standardization and Sharing of Prostate Cancer Associated Lifestyles. Int J Med Inform 2020; 145:104332. [PMID: 33186790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researches on Lifestyle medicine (LM) have emerged in recent years to garner wide attention. Prostate cancer (PCa) could be prevented and treated by positive lifestyles, but the association between lifestyles and PCa is always personalized. OBJECTIVES In order to solve the heterogeneity and diversity of different data types related to PCa, establish a standardized lifestyle ontology, promote the exchange and sharing of disease lifestyle knowledge, and support text mining and knowledge discovery. METHODS The overall construction of PCLiON was created in accordance with the principles and methodology of ontology construction. Following the principles of evidence-based medicine, we screened and integrated the lifestyles and their related attributes. Protégé was used to construct and validate the semantic framework. All annotations in PCLiON were based on SNOMED CT, NCI Thesaurus, the Cochrane Library and FooDB, etc. HTML5 and ASP.NET was used to develop the independent Web page platform and corresponding intelligent terminal application. The PCLiON also uploaded to the National Center for Biomedical Ontology BioPortal. RESULTS PCLiON integrates 397 lifestyles and lifestyle-related factors associated with PCa, and is the first of its kind for a specific disease. It contains 320 attribute annotations and 11 object attributes. The logical relationship and completeness meet the ontology requirements. Qualitative analysis was carried out for 329 terms in PCLiON, including factors which are protective, risk or associated but functional unclear, etc. PCLiON is publicly available both at http://pcaontology.net/PCaLifeStyleDefault.aspx and https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/PCALION. CONCLUSIONS Through the bilingual online platforms, complex lifestyle research data can be transformed into standardized, reliable and responsive knowledge, which can promote the shared-decision making (SDM) on lifestyle intervention and assist patients in lifestyle self-management toward the goal of PCa targeted prevention.
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74
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Klassen O, König A, von Haehling S, Braulke F. [Cardiovascular fitness in oncology : Exercise and sport]. Internist (Berl) 2020; 61:1140-1150. [PMID: 33025125 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant diseases lead to a decline in physical performance in a large number of patients. This includes a reduction of the musculoskeletal system, restrictions in cardiovascular fitness and psychogenically influenced syndromes such as fatigue and asthenia. It is not yet clear to what extent physical training can counteract these limitations or undesirable side effects and how this training needs to be designed in the individual situation. AIM OF THIS ARTICLE The aim of this article is to find out whether physical training can be performed in cancer patients, how this training should be designed and which physical disorders can be influenced favorably. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, the currently available work on this topic was evaluated and classified with regard to its feasibility and effects in cancer patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physical training can be performed without complications in most patients even under treatment for the underlying malignant disease. It has a positive effect on physical performance, cardiovascular function, the perception of one's own cancer and overall well-being. Ideally, physical training for cancer patients should include a mixture of strength and endurance training. It should be carried out regularly and its intensity should be slowly increased. The type of physical activity should be adapted to the individual needs of the patient, take into account the particularities of the malignant disease and exclude any risk to the patient. CONCLUSION In summary, a physical training program to accompany cancer therapy should be offered to virtually all patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Klassen
- Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Arbeitsbereich Trainings- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Sprangerweg 2, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | - A König
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - S von Haehling
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Standort Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - F Braulke
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
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75
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Bergengren O, Enblad AP, Garmo H, Bratt O, Holmberg L, Johansson E, Bill-Axelson A. Changes in lifestyle among prostate cancer survivors: A nationwide population-based study. Psychooncology 2020; 29:1713-1719. [PMID: 32779258 PMCID: PMC7589218 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Long‐term information on lifestyle changes among prostate survivors is lacking. In this nationwide, population‐based study we investigated the prevalence of lifestyle changes, factors associated with lifestyle changes and associations between lifestyle changes and general quality of life. Methods All men registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden diagnosed in 2008 with low‐risk prostate cancer at age 70 years or younger were sent a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for factors potentially associated with lifestyle change. Results Out of 1288, 1720 men (75%) were responded. A total of 279 (22%) reported a positive lifestyle change regarding diet or exercise. Poor functional outcomes after treatment was associated with exercising less (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2‐2.1) and less interest in social activities and relationships (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5‐2.1). Men who exercised more (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.4‐14) and men who had an increased interest in relationships and social activities (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.1‐13) reported higher general quality of life. Conclusions A considerable proportion of men reported making positive lifestyle changes after the prostate cancer diagnosis. The time after diagnosis may be a teachable moment that facilitates lifestyle interventions. Poor functional outcomes after treatment may reduce the willingness to engage in positive lifestyle change, which need be considered when supporting men after treatment. Men who made a positive lifestyle change, regardless of whether it was exercise or regarding relationships and social activities more often reported a high level of general quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Pia Enblad
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Garmo
- Regional Cancer Center Uppsala Örebro, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Bill-Axelson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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76
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Patel KR, Patel HD. p53: An Attractive Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3706-3734. [PMID: 31223076 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190621094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It initiates when cell cycle regulatory genes lose their function either by environmental and/or by internal factors. Tumor suppressor protein p53, known as "Guardian of genome", plays a central role in maintaining genomic stability of the cell. Mutation of TP53 is documented in more than 50% of human cancers, usually by overexpression of negative regulator protein MDM2. Hence, reactivation of p53 by blocking the protein-protein interaction between the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and the tumor suppressor protein p53 has become the most promising therapeutic strategy in oncology. Several classes of small molecules have been identified as potent, selective and efficient p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Herein, we review the druggability of p53-MDM2 inhibitors and their optimization approaches as well as clinical candidates categorized by scaffold type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa R Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh D Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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77
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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78
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Low JY, Brennen WN, Meeker AK, Ikonen E, Simons BW, Laiho M. Stromal CAVIN1 Controls Prostate Cancer Microenvironment and Metastasis by Modulating Lipid Distribution and Inflammatory Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1414-1426. [PMID: 32493699 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid uptake occurs through caveolae, plasma membrane invaginations formed by caveolins (CAV) and caveolae-associated protein 1 (CAVIN1). Genetic alterations of CAV1N1 and CAV1 modify lipid metabolism and underpin lipodystrophy syndromes. Lipids contribute to tumorigenesis by providing fuel to cancer metabolism and supporting growth and signaling. Tumor stroma promotes tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, but how stromal lipids influence these processes remain to be defined. Here, we show that stromal CAVIN1 regulates lipid abundance in the prostate cancer microenvironment and suppresses metastasis. We show that depletion of CAVIN1 in prostate stromal cells markedly reduces their lipid droplet accumulation and increases inflammation. Stromal cells lacking CAVIN1 enhance prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Remarkably, they increase lipid uptake and M2 inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the primary tumors and metastasis to distant sites. Our data support the concept that stromal cells contribute to prostate cancer aggressiveness by modulating lipid content and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. IMPLICATIONS: This study showed that stromal CAVIN1 suppresses prostate cancer metastasis by modulating tumor microenvironment, lipid content, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yih Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brian W Simons
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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79
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Leong JY, Chandrasekar T, Berlin A, Klaassen Z, Wallis CJ, Ahmad AE, Herrera-Caceres JO, Perlis N, Fleshner NE, Goldberg H. Predictors of prostate-specific antigen testing in men aged ≥55 years: A cross-sectional study based on patient-reported outcomes. Int J Urol 2020; 27:711-718. [PMID: 32476206 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the predictors of prostate-specific antigen discussion with a physician and prostate-specific antigen testing in men aged ≥55 years. METHODS Utilizing the USA Health Information National Trends Survey, 4th Ed., a cross-sectional study from 2011 to 2014 was carried out to analyze the factors predicting prostate-specific antigen testing and discussion in men ≥55 years. Associations between each covariate and prostate-specific antigen discussion/testing were determined. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine clinically relevant predictors of prostate-specific antigen discussion/testing. Due to multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was used. RESULTS A total of 2731 men included in the Health Information National Trends Survey were analyzed. Several socioeconomic parameters were found to increase the likelihood of men aged ≥55 years to undergo prostate-specific antigen testing: living with a spouse, a higher level of education (college graduate or above), a higher income (>$50 000 annually) and previous history of any cancer. In contrast, current smokers were less likely to undergo prostate-specific antigen testing. Having a prostate-specific antigen discussion with a physician was more likely for men surveyed in 2014, for men who were living with a spouse, who had a higher annual income (>$50 000 annually) and those with a history of any cancer. CONCLUSIONS Significant inequalities in prostate-specific antigen testing and discussion exist among men in the USA, mainly driven by socioeconomic factors. Ideally, prostate-specific antigen testing and discussion should be based on relevant clinical factors with a shared decision-making approach for every man. Therefore, a better understanding of the socioeconomic factors influencing prostate-specific antigen testing/discussions can inform strategies to reduce existing gaps in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yau Leong
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Jd Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ardalan E Ahmad
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaime O Herrera-Caceres
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Perlis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanan Goldberg
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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80
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Gray A, Dang BN, Moore TB, Clemens R, Pressman P. A review of nutrition and dietary interventions in oncology. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120926877. [PMID: 32537159 PMCID: PMC7268120 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120926877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex cellular mechanisms and inter-related pathways of cancer proliferation, evasion, and metastasis remain an emerging field of research. Over the last several decades, nutritional research has prominent role in identifying emerging adjuvant therapies in our fight against cancer. Nutritional and dietary interventions are being explored to improve the morbidity and mortality for cancer patients worldwide. In this review, we examine several dietary interventions and their proposed mechanisms against cancer as well as identifying limitations in the currently available literature. This review provides a comprehensive review of the cancer metabolism, dietary interventions used during cancer treatment, anti metabolic drugs, and their impact on nutritional deficiencies along with a critical review of the following diets: caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, Mediterranean diet, Japanese diet, and vegan diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gray
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian N Dang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger Clemens
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, International Center for Regulatory Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Pressman
- Polyscience Consulting & Director of Nutrition and Public Health, The Daedalus Foundation, San Clemente, CA, USA
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81
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Baguley BJ, Skinner TL, Jenkins DG, Wright ORL. Mediterranean-style dietary pattern improves cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy: A pilot randomised control trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:245-254. [PMID: 32534948 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and persistent symptom from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer. The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MED-diet) offers a plausible mechanism to mitigate CRF through reducing inflammation and improving body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week MED-diet, compared to usual care, on CRF and quality of life in men with prostate cancer treated with ADT. METHODS Twenty-three men (65.9 ± 7.8 years; body mass index: 29.6 ± 2.7 kg/m2; ADT duration: 33.8 ± 35.6 months) receiving ADT for ≥3 months were randomly assigned (1:1) to 12-weeks of usual care or the MED-diet involving six individualised nutrition consults. Primary outcomes included CRF [Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue scale (FACIT-F) and quality of life [FACIT-General (FACIT-G)], secondary outcomes included body mass/composition and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations measured at baseline, 8-weeks and 12 weeks. Intervention feasibility was measured by intervention safety, study completion rate, consult attendance, and adherence to the MED-diet through the Mediterranean-diet adherence screener (MEDAS). Intention to treat linear mixed models were used to determine changes in outcomes between the MED-diet and usual care at baseline, 8-weeks and 12-weeks. RESULTS The MED-diet improved CRF (FACIT-F) at 8-weeks [+4.8 (0.0, 9.8); P = 0.05] and 12-weeks [+7.2 (2.2, 12.0); P = 0.005], quality of life (FACIT-G) at 12-weeks [+9.2 (2.7, 15.8); P = 0.006], reduced total body mass at 8-weeks [-2.51 kg (-4.25, -0.78); P = 0.005] and 12-weeks [-2.97 kg (-4.71, -1.25); P = 0.001], lean mass at 8-weeks [-1.50 kg (-2.91, -0.10); P = 0.036], and IL-8 at 8-weeks [-0.18 ng/ml (-0.34, -0.02); P = 0.029] compared to usual care. The MED-diet demonstrated zero adverse events, 91% study completion, 100% attendance, and 81% adherence to the MEDAS. CONCLUSION The MED-diet is safe and feasible, and has the potential to improve CRF and quality of life in overweight men treated with ADT compared to usual care. Further exploration of the MED-diet is warranted in a larger powered sample size to consolidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton J Baguley
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia R L Wright
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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82
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Jin W, Fei X, Wang X, Song Y, Chen F. Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8730608. [PMID: 32454797 PMCID: PMC7218965 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8730608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death. Clinical assessment of patients and treatment efficiency therefore depend on the disease being diagnosed as early as possible. However, due to issues regarding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening purposes, PCa management is among the most contentious of healthcare matters. PSA screening is problematic primarily because of diagnosis difficulties and the high rate of false-positive biopsies. Novel PCa biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and the 4Kscore, have been proposed in recent times to improve PSA prediction accuracy and have shown higher performance by preventing redundant biopsies. The 4Kscore also shows high precision in determining the risk of developing high-grade PCa, whereas elevated PHI levels suggest that the tumor is aggressive. Some evidence also supports the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and for assessing the aggressiveness of the disease. A number of miRNAs that possibly act as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes are impaired in PCa. These new biomarkers are comprehensively reviewed in the present study in terms of their potential use in diagnosing and treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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83
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Tharakan T, Jayasena C, Minhas S. Men's health clinics: a real need or a marketing strategy. Int J Impot Res 2020; 32:565-568. [PMID: 32205874 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the life expectancy for men is 5.1 years less than for women. This gender gap in mortality is intrinsically linked to a higher proportion of premature male mortality and is a significant economic, social and healthcare issue. We explore the main causes for premature male death and also discuss the need for a dedicated men's health clinic, especially in the context of potential commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK. .,Section of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Channa Jayasena
- Section of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK
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84
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Cao H, Gao R, Chen L, Feng Y. TRIM66 promotes malignant progression of prostate carcinoma through the JAK/STAT pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:515-524. [PMID: 31981447 PMCID: PMC7137797 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in males globally. Tripartite Motif Containing 66 (TRIM66) functions as transcriptional repressor and exerts its effect at least partially through promotion of deacetylase. TRIM66 has been previously reported to play an oncogenic role in a number of human cancers. Here, we investigated the potential oncogenic properties of TRIM66 in prostate cancer. We report that shRNA‐mediated knockdown of TRIM66 significantly suppressed viability and proliferation of both PC‐3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, TRIM66 deficiency inhibited migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, TRIM66 positively regulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) expression. The predominance of STAT2–IL‐2 in mediating the oncogenic properties of TRIM66 was determined using a rescue assay, wherein overexpression of either STAT2 or IL‐2 almost completely abolished the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion elicited by TRIM66 deficiency in prostate cancer cells. Our study highlights the importance of the TRIM66–STAT2–IL‐2 signaling axis in the tumor biology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Cao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Renjie Gao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yigeng Feng
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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85
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Abd. Wahab NA, H. Lajis N, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin on Androgen-Dependent and Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E679. [PMID: 32131560 PMCID: PMC7146610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease and ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. The global burden of PCa keeps rising regardless of the emerging cutting-edge technologies for treatment and drug designation. There are a number of treatment options which are effectively treating localised and androgen-dependent PCa (ADPC) through hormonal and surgery treatments. However, over time, these cancerous cells progress to androgen-independent PCa (AIPC) which continuously grow despite hormone depletion. At this particular stage, androgen depletion therapy (ADT) is no longer effective as these cancerous cells are rendered hormone-insensitive and capable of growing in the absence of androgen. AIPC is a lethal type of disease which leads to poor prognosis and is a major contributor to PCa death rates. A natural product-derived compound, curcumin has been identified as a pleiotropic compound which capable of influencing and modulating a diverse range of molecular targets and signalling pathways in order to exhibit its medicinal properties. Due to such multi-targeted behaviour, its benefits are paramount in combating a wide range of diseases including inflammation and cancer disease. Curcumin exhibits anti-cancer properties by suppressing cancer cells growth and survival, inflammation, invasion, cell proliferation as well as possesses the ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells. In this review, we investigate the mechanism of curcumin by modulating multiple signalling pathways such as androgen receptor (AR) signalling, activating protein-1 (AP-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/the serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless (Wnt)/ß-catenin signalling, and molecular targets including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cyclin D1 which are implicated in the development and progression of both types of PCa, ADPC and AIPC. In addition, the role of microRNAs and clinical trials on the anti-cancer effects of curcumin in PCa patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azwa Abd. Wahab
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
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86
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Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Kanwal R, Nawab A, Sharma H, Bhaskaran N, Ponsky LE, Fu P, MacLennan GT, Gupta S. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Subjects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E126. [PMID: 32120827 PMCID: PMC7151307 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidant/antioxidant balance has been implicated in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. We investigated oxidative damage and antioxidant status in high-risk prostate cancer subjects. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in erythrocytes, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in leukocytes and plasma levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxide products were measured in high-risk and age-matched healthy subjects. Serum PSA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in high-risk subjects, whereas GST (p < 0.0001) and GSH (p < 0.002) were higher in healthy controls. Levels of 8-OHdG, an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in high-risk subjects. No marked difference in the levels of CAT (p = 0.237), GSH-Px (p = 0.74), GSH-R (p = 0.344), SOD (p = 0.109), and lipid peroxide products (p = 0129) were observed between two groups. Pearson's correlation between GST and PSA (r = -0.69 (p < 0.0001)), GST and 8-OHdG (r = -0.62 (p < 0.0004)), GSH and 8-OHdG (r= -0.39 (p = 0.038)), and CAT and GSH-Px (r= -0.33 (p = 0.04)) were found to be negatively correlated, whereas 8-OHdG and PSA were positively associated (r= 0.57 (p < 0.002). These results indicate a significant role of oxidative damage in prostate carcinogenesis, particularly during the early stages of development. In conclusion, our data support the importance of antioxidant defense as a valuable diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Janmejai K. Srivastava
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Rajnee Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Akbar Nawab
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Present Address: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Haripaul Sharma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Lee E. Ponsky
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Gregory T. MacLennan
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (J.K.S.); (E.S.); (R.K.); (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.B.); (L.E.P.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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87
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The Problem of Underrepresentation: Black Participants in Lifestyle Trials Among Patients with Prostate Cancer. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:996-1002. [PMID: 32078741 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy lifestyle behaviors are an essential component of prostate cancer survivorship; however, it is unknown whether Black participants are adequately represented in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on lifestyle interventions. The goal of this study was to identify types of lifestyle RCTs that may require improved recruitment resources to enhance generalizability of lifestyle recommendations to Black patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS ClinicalTrials.gov was used to identify lifestyle RCTs among patients with prostate cancer. Using racial distribution data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program as a reference, one-sample proportion tests were performed to assess adequate recruitment of Black participants. RESULTS Of 31 lifestyle trials, one trial reported race-specific results. Proportion of Black participants was acquired from 26 trials. Compared to the US population, Black participants were overrepresented in the overall study population (17% versus 15%, p = 0.019). Black participants were underrepresented in trials exploring exercise interventions (9% versus 15%, p = 0.041), trials among patients with advanced disease (9% versus 16%, p < 0.001), and in university-funded trials (12% versus 15%, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The reporting of race data, and race-specific results when feasible, is essential for clinicians to accurately generalize findings from lifestyle trials. Additional resources may be necessary to aid in strategic recruitment of Black participants for trials on exercise interventions, trials among patients with advanced disease, and in university-funded trials.
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88
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Dambal S, Alfaqih M, Sanders S, Maravilla E, Ramirez-Torres A, Galvan GC, Reis-Sobreiro M, Rotinen M, Driver LM, Behrove MS, Talisman TJ, Yoon J, You S, Turkson J, Chi JT, Freeman MR, Macias E, Freedland SJ. 27-Hydroxycholesterol Impairs Plasma Membrane Lipid Raft Signaling as Evidenced by Inhibition of IL6-JAK-STAT3 Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:671-684. [PMID: 32019810 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that restoring the CYP27A1-27hydroxycholesterol axis had antitumor properties. Thus, we sought to determine the mechanism by which 27HC exerts its anti-prostate cancer effects. As cholesterol is a major component of membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts, which localize receptors and facilitate cellular signaling, we hypothesized 27HC would impair lipid rafts, using the IL6-JAK-STAT3 axis as a model given its prominent role in prostate cancer. As revealed by single molecule imaging of DU145 prostate cancer cells, 27HC treatment significantly reduced detected cholesterol density on the plasma membranes. Further, 27HC treatment of constitutively active STAT3 DU145 prostate cancer cells reduced STAT3 activation and slowed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. 27HC also blocked IL6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation in nonconstitutively active STAT3 cells. Mechanistically, 27HC reduced STAT3 homodimerization, nuclear translocation, and decreased STAT3 DNA occupancy at target gene promoters. Combined treatment with 27HC and STAT3 targeting molecules had additive and synergistic effects on proliferation and migration, respectively. Hallmark IL6-JAK-STAT gene signatures positively correlated with CYP27A1 gene expression in a large set of human metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancers and in an aggressive prostate cancer subtype. This suggests STAT3 activation may be a resistance mechanism for aggressive prostate cancers that retain CYP27A1 expression. In summary, our study establishes a key mechanism by which 27HC inhibits prostate cancer by disrupting lipid rafts and blocking STAT3 activation. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, these data show that modulation of intracellular cholesterol by 27HC can inhibit IL6-JAK-STAT signaling and may synergize with STAT3-targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dambal
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Sergio Sanders
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erick Maravilla
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adela Ramirez-Torres
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gloria C Galvan
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mariana Reis-Sobreiro
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mirja Rotinen
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lucy M Driver
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Behrove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Tijana Jovanovic Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Junhee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Turkson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. .,Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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89
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Flavone-based arylamides as potential anticancers: Design, synthesis and in vitro cell-based/cell-free evaluations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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90
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Sha ST, Perni S, Muralidhar V, Mahal BA, Sanford NN, Nguyen PL, Dee EC. Trends, Quality, and Readability of Online Health Resources on Proton Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:33-38. [PMID: 31987973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many patients weighing cancer treatment options may consider relatively novel options including proton radiation therapy (PRT) and turn to the Internet for online health resources (OHR). However, quality and readability of OHR for radiation oncology therapies has been shown to need improvement. Because the OHR that patients access can influence their treatment decisions, our study sought to understand the patterns of use, quality, and readability of OHR on PRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS To validate the need to assess OHR on PRT, we assessed search patterns in the United States for the search phrase "proton therapy" using Google Trends. The Google search engine was then queried for websites with PRT information using 10 search phrases. The subsequent websites were analyzed for readability by the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and a Composite Grade Level (CGL) metric comprised of 5 readability metrics. Quality was analyzed using the DISCERN instrument. RESULTS Search volume index for "proton therapy" increased by an average of 2.0% each year for the last 15 years (January 1, 2005 to June 1, 2019, P < .001). States that had a greater number of proton centers tended to have a greater relative search volume in Google (P < .001). Of the 45 unique websites identified, the mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 12.0 (range, 7.3-18.6) and the mean CGL was 12.4 (range, 7-18). In addition, 80% of PRT pages required greater than 11th grade CGL. The mean DISCERN score of all websites was 39.8 out of 75, which corresponds to "fair" quality OHR. CONCLUSIONS Despite increasing interest in PRT OHR, in general, PRT websites require reading levels much higher than currently recommended, making PRT OHR less accessible to the average patient. Provision of high-quality PRT OHR at the appropriate reading level may increase comprehension of PRT, improve patient autonomy, and facilitate informed decision-making among radiation oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybil T Sha
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subha Perni
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Nina N Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Edward Christopher Dee
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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91
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Yannitsos D, Murphy RA, Pollock P, Di Sebastiano KM. Facilitators and barriers to participation in lifestyle modification for men with prostate cancer: A scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 29:e13193. [PMID: 31797478 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet and physical activity changes have been shown to improve quality of life and health outcomes for prostate cancer (PC) survivors; however, few survivors make lifestyle changes. We aimed to identify PC-specific facilitators and barriers to dietary and physical activity changes and participation in survivorship-based lifestyle management programmes. METHODS A scoping review investigating facilitators and barriers of PC survivor's participation in lifestyle management programmes was conducted in June 2018. A total of 454 studies were identified, 45 studies were assessed in full, and 16 were included in the scoping review. RESULTS Barriers to lifestyle change included perceived lack of evidence for lifestyle guidelines, treatment side effects, perception of change as unnecessary, time pressure and age. Facilitators for lifestyle change included advice from health professionals, support systems (family and peer), diagnosis as a time for change, lifestyle as a coping strategy to manage side effects and improve well-being. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals, peers and family have a significant role in lifestyle management for PC survivors to facilitate engagement. Specific and clear messaging of the benefits of lifestyle management is warranted. Treatment-related side effects, time pressure, current health perception and age should be considered when developing lifestyle management programmes for PC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Yannitsos
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Phil Pollock
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Clinic, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Diamond Healthcare Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Cancer - Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Katie M Di Sebastiano
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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92
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Lang J, Zhao X, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Han X, Ding Y, Guan J, Ji T, Zhao Y, Nie G. Reshaping Prostate Tumor Microenvironment To Suppress Metastasis via Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Inactivation with Peptide-Assembly-Based Nanosystem. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12357-12371. [PMID: 31545587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, and inhibiting metastasis is a key event but still a major challenge in prostate cancer treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in prostate tumor metastasis by shaping the malignant tumor microenvironment. Herein, we constructed a CAF-targeting siRNA delivery system by loading the fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) antibody onto the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based nanoparticles, which specifically downregulated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression in CAFs. This regulation generated a series of changes through inactivating CAFs so that the malignant prostate tumor microenvironment was reshaped. The tumor cell invasion, migration, and tumor angiogenesis were significantly inhibited, which all contributed to the suppression of the metastasis of an orthotopic prostate tumor. This tumor microenvironment reshaping strategy via CAF targeting and inactivation provides an alternative approach for malignant prostate tumor metastasis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Lang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Sino-Danish College of UCAS , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yingqiu Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xuexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanping Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiajing Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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93
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Male Sexual and Reproductive Health-Does the Urologist Have a Role in Addressing Gender Inequality in Life Expectancy? Eur Urol Focus 2019; 6:791-800. [PMID: 31711931 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable public health initiatives in the past century, there remains a significant gender inequality in life expectancy. The Global Burden of Diseases study has highlighted that the life expectancy for men is 70.5years, compared with 75.6years for women. This discrepancy in mortality appears to be related to a disproportionately higher number of preventable and premature male deaths. Whilst there has been an increased focus on men's health, as evidenced by the establishment of men's health charities and governmental legislation promoting equality, a recent World Health Organization report has highlighted that there is still a prevailing misconception that the higher rate of premature mortality amongst men is a natural phenomenon. We explore the association of male sexual and reproductive health-related diseases and the potential role of a urologist in addressing gender inequality in life expectancy. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this report, we discuss the causes for the gender gap in life expectancy and highlight that men continue to have a higher rate of premature death than women, which is associated with diseases of the male reproductive system. Furthermore, this not only appears to be related to a number of metabolic and lifestyle factors, but may also be the result of the increased risk of cancer in men with sexual and reproductive health-related diseases.
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94
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Bleyer A, Spreafico F, Barr R. Prostate cancer in young men: An emerging young adult and older adolescent challenge. Cancer 2019; 126:46-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archie Bleyer
- Oregon Health and Science Center Portland Oregon
- McGovern Medical School University of Texas Houston Texas
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Pediatric Oncology Unit Foundation IRCCS National Cancer Institute Milan Italy
| | - Ronald Barr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology McMaster University and McMaster Children's Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada
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95
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Brown M, Murphy M, McDermott L, McAneney H, O’Sullivan JM, Jain S, Prue G. Exercise for advanced prostate cancer: a multicomponent, feasibility, trial protocol for men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (EXACT). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:102. [PMID: 31428443 PMCID: PMC6696674 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer can experience an array of treatment-related side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests exercise may alleviate some of these adversities and assist in disease management. However, empirical evidence in advanced prostate cancer patients remains limited. The purpose of this study is to determine whether men with metastatic prostate cancer, who are ineligible for high-intensity exercise, can partake in a home-based, moderate-intensity exercise program and the impact of doing so on quality of life and physical fitness parameters. METHODS Thirty men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and progressive systemic, metastatic disease will be recruited. Clinicians will screen patients against inclusion criteria to determine eligibility. All men enrolled will be prescribed a tailored, home-based, moderate-intensity exercise intervention consisting of aerobic and strengthening components for 12 weeks. Patients will receive supplementary education materials and weekly behavioural change consultations throughout the intervention. The primary outcome will be the feasibility of delivering such an intervention in men with metastatic disease. Secondary endpoints including skeletal events will be monitored for safety, as will the feasibility of patient-reported outcome measures and the sampling time points, generating data pertaining to completion rates and potential effect in future trials. General physical fitness will be assessed during these visits, using timed sit-to-stand testing and a 6-min walking test. Prior to each visit, objective physical activity levels will be captured for 7 days using an accelerometer, to determine the feasibility of this technology and the quality of data obtained. In parallel with the feasibility aspects of the trial, changes compared to baseline will be reported. Direct regular contact will also serve as a feedback loop, should any issues arise. This study has received ethical approval from the Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland. CONCLUSIONS This study aims to determine the potential utility of a home-based exercise intervention in managing side effects associated with advanced prostate cancer and its treatment. This feasibility trial will inform the design and implementation of a larger randomised control trial to determine the efficacy of moderate aerobic and strengthening exercise as an adjuvant therapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer. Collecting such evidence provides further support for exercise in this paradigm and potential for its inclusion as a low-toxicity therapy in standard cancer care, in the longer term. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03658486Trial sponsor: Queen's University Belfast (Reference: B18/15). Contact: Dr. Paula Tighe, Research and Enterprise, Queen's University Belfast. Telephone: 02890 973,296. Email: p.tighe@qub.ac.uk. The sponsor reviewed the protocol and ethical application prior to submission.Protocol issue: Version 1 (18th May 2018). Authors: MB, MM, SJ and GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Brown
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL
| | - Marie Murphy
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB
| | - Lauri McDermott
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Helen McAneney
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT12 6BA
| | - Joe M. O’Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AE
| | - Suneil Jain
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AE
| | - Gillian Prue
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL
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Rosas S, Hughes RT, Farris M, Lee H, McTyre ER, Plate JF, Shi L, Emory CL, Blackstock AW, Kerr BA, Willey JS. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in patients with osteoarthritis is independently associated with metastatic disease in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4776-4785. [PMID: 31413818 PMCID: PMC6677668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 30%. Identifying predictors of metastasis outcome could potentially reduce patient mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether osteoarthritis had an impact on outcomes of prostate cancer including death, local recurrence and/or metastasis and to determine whether cartilage oligomeric matrix protein was involved. We performed a retrospective case-control study of patients with prostate cancer with and without the diagnosis of osteoarthritis and completed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of prostate (n=20) and lymph node (n=7) surgical specimens. We evaluated death, local recurrence and metastatic disease by various IHC biomarkers including prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), CD31, and Ki-67. Our model identified osteoarthritis as an independent risk factor for metastatic disease (OR 5.24, 95% CI 1.49 - 18.41). Most notably, when joint arthroplasty was included in the model, osteoarthritis was no longer an independent risk factor for this outcome (p=0.071). IHC demonstrated that those with osteoarthritis, had greater expression of COMP in the prostate samples (mean 23.9% vs 5.84%, p<0.05) but not of Ki-67, CD31, or PSMA. This study identified and quantified increased metastatic disease in patients with osteoarthritis. Also, patients with osteoarthritis expressed increased COMP levels in the prostate and most likely in distant lymphatic nodes. Moreover, our findings suggest that joint arthroplasty may affect the ability of osteoarthritis to promote metastasis, which could impact treatment protocols and survival outcomes of the most common cause of cancer-related death (metastasis) in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rosas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan T. Hughes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Farris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hwajin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emory R. McTyre
- Radiation Oncology, Greenville Health System Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Johannes F. Plate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Emory
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - A. William Blackstock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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97
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Wei GJ, Chao YH, Tung YC, Wu TY, Su ZY. A Tangeretin Derivative Inhibits the Growth of Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells by Epigenetically Restoring p21 Gene Expression and Inhibiting Cancer Stem-like Cell Proliferation. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:86. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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98
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Jayasekera J, Onukwugha E, Cadham C, Tom S, Harrington D, Naslund M. Epidemiological Determinants of Advanced Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men in the United States. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2019; 13:1179554919855116. [PMID: 31263375 PMCID: PMC6595651 DOI: 10.1177/1179554919855116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of individual-level and area-level
characteristics on advanced prostate cancer diagnosis among Medicare eligible
older men (ages 70+ years). We analyzed patients from the linked Surveillance,
Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (2000-2007) linked to US
Census and County Business Patterns data. Cluster-adjusted logistic regression
models were used to quantify the effects of individual preventive health
behavior, clinical and demographic characteristics, area-level health services
supply, and socioeconomic characteristics on stage at diagnosis. The fully
adjusted model was used to estimate county-specific effects and predicted
probabilities of advanced prostate cancer. In the adjusted analyses, low
intensity of annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and other preventive
health behavior, high comorbidity, African American race, and lower county
socioeconomic and health services supply characteristics were statistically
significantly associated with a higher likelihood of distant prostate cancer
diagnosis. The fully adjusted predicted proportions of advanced prostate cancer
diagnosis across 158 counties ranged from 3% to 15% (mean: 6%, SD: 7%).
County-level socioeconomic and health services supply characteristics,
individual-level preventive health behavior, demographic and clinical
characteristics are determinants of advanced stage prostate cancer diagnosis
among older Medicare beneficiaries; other health care-related factors such as
family history, lifestyle choices, and health-seeking behavior should also be
considered as explanatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinani Jayasekera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Christopher Cadham
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Tom
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna Harrington
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Naslund
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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99
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Lu C, Zeng H, Schumann M, Cheng S. Supervised Physical Training Enhances Muscle Strength but Not Muscle Mass in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:843. [PMID: 31333495 PMCID: PMC6618665 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the basic treatment for advanced prostate cancer, but it is highly associated with detrimental changes in muscle mass and muscle strength. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of supervised physical training on lean mass and muscle strength in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and ScienceDirect until October 2018. Only studies that examined both muscle mass and strength in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT were included. Outcomes of interest were changes in lean body mass (surrogate for muscle mass) as well as upper and lower body muscle strength. The meta-analysis was performed with fixed-effects models to calculate mean differences between intervention and no-training control groups. Results: We identified 8,521 publications through the search of the following key words: prostate cancer, prostate tumor, prostate carcinoma, prostate neoplasm, exercise, and training. Out of these studies, seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and where included in the analysis. No significant mean differences for changes in lean mass were observed between the intervention and control groups (0.49 kg, 95% CI: −0.76, 1.74; P = 0.44). In contrast, the mean difference for muscle strength was significant both in chest (3.15 kg, 95% CI: 2.46, 3.83; P < 0.001) and in leg press (27.46 kg, 95% CI: 15.05, 39.87; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence that low- to moderate-intensity resistance and aerobic training is effective for increasing muscle strength but may not be sufficient to affect muscle mass in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT. The underlying mechanisms for this maladaptation may in part be explained by an insufficient stimulus induced by the training regimens as well as a delayed initiation of training in relation to the start of ADT. When interpreting the present findings, one should bear in mind that the overall number of studies included in this review was rather low, emphasizing the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and The Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and The Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and The Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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100
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Karavasiloglou N, Pestoni G, Wanner M, Faeh D, Rohrmann S. Healthy lifestyle is inversely associated with mortality in cancer survivors: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218048. [PMID: 31242220 PMCID: PMC6594599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual lifestyle behaviors have been associated with prolonged survival in cancer survivors, but little information is available on the association between combined lifestyle behaviors and mortality in this population. Data from 522 cancer survivors participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were analyzed. Behaviors pertaining to lifetime healthy body weight maintenance, physical activity, smoking, diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Eating Index) and moderate alcohol consumption were combined in a lifestyle score (range 0-5). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Both in continuous and categorical models, the lifestyle score was statistically significantly associated with lower mortality in the total study population (HRcontinuous = 0.81, 95% CI: 072, 0.90, per 1 unit increase; HR1-2 vs. 0 total = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.92; HR3-5 vs. 0 total = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.85, in the fully adjusted model) and in sex-specific analyses. Cancer survivors with high or moderate lifestyle score had lower risk of premature death compared to survivors with zero lifestyle score. Future studies are required in order to verify our findings and to investigate underlying mechanisms of the mortality-adherence association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nena Karavasiloglou
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Wanner
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Faeh
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Health Department–Nutrition and Dietetics, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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