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Liu M, Guo W, Cai Y, Yang H, Li W, Yang L, Lai X, Fang Q, Ma L, Zhu R, Zhang X. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter and renal function in children: A panel study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115129. [PMID: 32688076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence regarding the association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with renal function in children and its underlying mechanism. We included 105 children aged 4-13 years from a panel study conducted in Wuhan, China with up to 3 repeated visits across 3 seasons from October 9, 2017 to June 1, 2018. We measured personal real-time PM2.5 exposure concentration continuously for 72 h preceding each round of health examinations that included serum creatinine and cytokines. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over various lag times, and a mediation analysis was applied for the role of cytokines in association between PM2.5 and eGFR. Results showed that personal exposure to PM2.5 was dose-responsive related to decreased eGFR within lag 2 days. The effect was the strongest at lag 0 day with estimation of -1.69% [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.27%, -1.10%] in eGFR by a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, and reached peak at lag 3 h, then declined over time. Such inverse relationships were more evident among children aged 4-6 years, or boys or those who lived proximity to major roadways <300 m. Notably, eGFR still held on to decrease even when PM2.5 was below Class II Chinese ambient air quality standard at lag 0 day. Moreover, the effect of PM2.5 on eGFR was significantly reduced in children with high and medium levels of serum chemokine ligand 27 (CCL27), but not in those with low CCL27. Furthermore, CCL27 was positively relevant to PM2.5, and mediated proportion of CCL27 ranged from 3.75% to 6.61% in relations between PM2.5 and decreased eGFR over various lag times. In summary, short-term PM2.5 exposure might be dose-responsive associated with reduced eGFR whereby a mechanism partly involving CCL27 among healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunyao Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huihua Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenze Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Lin TW, Chen MK, Lin CC, Chen MH, Tsai MS, Chan DC, Hung KY, Chen PC. Association between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic syndrome and related outcomes among older residents living near a Science Park in Taiwan. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113607. [PMID: 32919137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are an emerging class of artificial environmental chemicals that have multiple potentially harmful effects on health. The largest Science Park in Taiwan discharges wastewater containing PFASs into the Keya River, and a high concentration of PFASs has been found in this river and its aquatic creatures. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2017 of 397 subjects aged 55-75 years living near the river and evaluated the association of PFASs with metabolic syndrome and related outcomes. The results indicated that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) levels were positively associated with serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (P for trend = 0.03) and that perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and PFOS levels were positively correlated with uric acid levels (P for trend = 0.03 and 0.03). Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) levels were negatively associated with serum triglyceride levels (P for trend = 0.014 and < 0.01). After excluding lipid-lowering drug users, the association between certain PFAS levels and the LDL level was significantly enhanced, but the downward trends of serum triglyceride levels were weakened. When stratified by sex, PFNA (P for trend <0.01), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) (P for trend <0.01), and PFOS (P for trend <0.01) showed positive associations with the uric acid level only among males. In conclusion, our results showed that associations were consistently null between PFASs and metabolic syndrome. PFAS levels were associated with serum lipids, and lipid-lowering drugs may interfere with this relationship. Certain PFASs were found to be positively associated with uric acid levels, especially in males. Further studies are warranted to clarify the causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Wei Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Kan Chen
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Superintendent Office, National Taiwan University Hospital Chu-Tung Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
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53
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Hu R, McDonough AA, Layton AT. Sex differences in solute transport along the nephrons: effects of Na + transport inhibition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F487-F505. [PMID: 32744084 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00240.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Each day, ~1.7 kg of NaCl and 180 liters of water are reabsorbed by nephron segments in humans, with urinary excretion fine tuned to meet homeostatic requirements. These tasks are coordinated by a spectrum of renal Na+ transporters and channels. The goal of the present study was to investigate the extent to which inhibitors of transepithelial Na+ transport (TNa) along the nephron alter urinary solute excretion and how those effects may vary between male and female subjects. To accomplish that goal, we developed sex-specific multinephron models that represent detailed transcellular and paracellular transport processes along the nephrons of male and female rat kidneys. We simulated inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), bumetanide-sensitive Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2), Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC), and amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). NHE3 inhibition simulations predicted a substantially reduced proximal tubule TNa, and NKCC2 inhibition substantially reduced thick ascending limb TNa. Both gave rise to diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis, with those effects stronger in female rats. While NCC inhibition was predicted to have only minor impact on renal TNa, it nonetheless had a notable effect of enhancing excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl-, particularly in female rats. Inhibition of ENaC was predicted to have opposite effects on the excretion of Na+ (increased) and K+ (decreased) and to have only a minor impact on whole kidney TNa. Unlike inhibition of other transporters, ENaC inhibition induced stronger natriuresis and diuresis in male rats than female rats. Overall, model predictions agreed well with measured changes in Na+ and K+ excretion in response to diuretics and Na+ transporter mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Cheriton School of Computer Science, and School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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54
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Schaum N, Lehallier B, Hahn O, Pálovics R, Hosseinzadeh S, Lee SE, Sit R, Lee DP, Losada PM, Zardeneta ME, Fehlmann T, Webber J, McGeever A, Calcuttawala K, Zhang H, Berdnik D, Mathur V, Tan W, Zee A, Tan M, Pisco A, Karkanias J, Neff NF, Keller A, Darmanis S, Quake SR, Wyss-Coray T. Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures. Nature 2020; 583:596-602. [PMID: 32669715 PMCID: PMC7757734 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the single greatest cause of disease and death worldwide, and understanding the associated processes could vastly improve quality of life. Although major categories of ageing damage have been identified-such as altered intercellular communication, loss of proteostasis and eroded mitochondrial function1-these deleterious processes interact with extraordinary complexity within and between organs, and a comprehensive, whole-organism analysis of ageing dynamics has been lacking. Here we performed bulk RNA sequencing of 17 organs and plasma proteomics at 10 ages across the lifespan of Mus musculus, and integrated these findings with data from the accompanying Tabula Muris Senis2-or 'Mouse Ageing Cell Atlas'-which follows on from the original Tabula Muris3. We reveal linear and nonlinear shifts in gene expression during ageing, with the associated genes clustered in consistent trajectory groups with coherent biological functions-including extracellular matrix regulation, unfolded protein binding, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory and immune response. Notably, these gene sets show similar expression across tissues, differing only in the amplitude and the age of onset of expression. Widespread activation of immune cells is especially pronounced, and is first detectable in white adipose depots during middle age. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms the accumulation of T cells and B cells in adipose tissue-including plasma cells that express immunoglobulin J-which also accrue concurrently across diverse organs. Finally, we show how gene expression shifts in distinct tissues are highly correlated with corresponding protein levels in plasma, thus potentially contributing to the ageing of the systemic circulation. Together, these data demonstrate a similar yet asynchronous inter- and intra-organ progression of ageing, providing a foundation from which to track systemic sources of declining health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Schaum
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Song E. Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rene Sit
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Davis P. Lee
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Patricia Morán Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Macy E. Zardeneta
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - James Webber
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kruti Calcuttawala
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Daniela Berdnik
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Vidhu Mathur
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weilun Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander Zee
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Angela Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jim Karkanias
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Norma F. Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Stephen R. Quake
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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55
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Hosszu A, Fekete A, Szabo AJ. Sex differences in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F149-F154. [PMID: 32567347 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00099.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney is caused by the sudden and temporary obstruction of blood flow to the organ. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but effective therapies are lacking. Sexual dimorphism in renal injury has been acknowledged since the 1940s, and the possible role of sex hormones has been intensively investigated in the past decades. Clinical and experimental data demonstrate sexual differences in renal anatomy, physiology, and susceptibility to renal diseases including but not limited to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Some data suggest the protective role of female sex hormones, whereas others highlight the detrimental effect of male hormones in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although the important role of sex hormones is evident, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review focuses on collecting the current knowledge about sexual dimorphism of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms and potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hosszu
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabo
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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56
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Ransick A, Lindström NO, Liu J, Zhu Q, Guo JJ, Alvarado GF, Kim AD, Black HG, Kim J, McMahon AP. Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Sex, Lineage, and Regional Diversity in the Mouse Kidney. Dev Cell 2020; 51:399-413.e7. [PMID: 31689386 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the population with notable differences in ethnic and sex-related susceptibility to kidney injury and disease. Kidney dysfunction leads to significant morbidity and mortality and chronic disease in other organ systems. A mouse-organ-centered understanding underlies rapid progress in human disease modeling and cellular approaches to repair damaged systems. To enhance an understanding of the mammalian kidney, we combined anatomy-guided single-cell RNA sequencing of the adult male and female mouse kidney with in situ expression studies and cell lineage tracing. These studies reveal cell diversity and marked sex differences, distinct organization and cell composition of nephrons dependent on the time of nephron specification, and lineage convergence, in which contiguous functionally related cell types are specified from nephron and collecting system progenitor populations. A searchable database, Kidney Cell Explorer (https://cello.shinyapps.io/kidneycellexplorer/), enables gene-cell relationships to be viewed in the anatomical framework of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Graduate Program in Genomics and Computational Biology, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 160 BRB II/III - 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6064, USA
| | - Jin-Jin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gregory F Alvarado
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hannah G Black
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 415 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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57
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Mitchell T, De Miguel C, Gohar EY. Sex differences in redox homeostasis in renal disease. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101489. [PMID: 32197946 PMCID: PMC7212488 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in redox signaling in the kidney present new challenges and opportunities for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney. This review will focus on reactive oxygen species, immune-related signaling pathways and endothelin-1 as potential mediators of sex-differences in redox homeostasis in the kidney. Additionally, this review will highlight male-female differences in redox signaling in several major cardiovascular and renal disorders namely acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, kidney stone disease and salt-sensitive hypertension. Furthermore, we will discuss the contribution of redox signaling in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal hypertension and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanecia Mitchell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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58
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Chang PY, Lyu SY, Lin YF, Huang CC. High Level of Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Renal Progression in Hypertensive Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1669. [PMID: 32143399 PMCID: PMC7084568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has long been associated with chronic diseases. However, the association between physical activity and renal progression in hypertensive patients remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between the level of physical activity and renal function in hypertensive patients. We analyzed 3543 patients with hypertension. Data on patients' demographic characteristics, comorbidities, physical activity, and lifestyle characteristics were collected via questionnaires. An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that was reduced by more than 25% from the baseline eGFR was defined as renal progression. This study divided physical activity into three levels (low, moderate, and high) based on their metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) levels. The mean age was 63.32 ± 12.29 years. After we adjusted for covariates, renal progression was significantly higher among patients with low levels of physical activity (odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.90)) and moderate levels of physical activity (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.86) than among patients with high levels of physical activity. We found a significant association between physical activity and renal progression in hypertensive patients, especially in elderly patients and men. Therefore, to reduce the risk of renal progression, we recommend that clinicians should encourage patients to improve their physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ya Chang
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Shu-Yu Lyu
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan
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59
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Li L, Li L, Shang DW, Wen YG, Ning YP. A systematic review and combined meta-analysis of concentration of oral amisulpride. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:668-678. [PMID: 32090363 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Amisulpride, a first-line schizophrenia treatment, has shown large interindividual variability in plasma/serum levels, often outside the reference range (100-320 ng/mL). This study aims to clarify the impact of dose, sex, age and related factors for the interpatient variability in amisulpride plasma/serum concentration. METHODS Both English and Chinese databases were searched from their inception to May 16, 2019, using the terms: amisulpride and (plasma OR serum OR blood OR "drug monitoring" OR concentration). Studies reporting concentrations and either a dose, associated factor, clinical outcome or side effect were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies with 1628 participants were eventually included. Eligible articles yielded data on drug concentration and dose, averaging 333.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 294.5-373.3) ng/mL and 636.2 (95% CI: 549.7-722.6) mg/d, respectively. The calculated mean concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52-0.67) (ng/mL)/mg. Subgroup analysis suggested that female patients on combined lithium-amisulpride have higher concentration levels and C/D ratios. Age was slight positive associated with C/D ratio while not for plasma level. Smoker patients have high concentration level than nonsmoking patients but not for C/D. Responsive and nonresponsive groups did not differ in concentration and C/D. CONCLUSION Pooled concentration levels of amisulpride were higher than recommended with wide individual variation, especially in older patients, female patients and patients taking amisulpride combined with lithium. The specific therapeutic reference range for amisulpride may require reconstruction, which should consider the influence of age, sex, kidney function, drug-drug interactions, different dose regimens and sampling times in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Wei Shang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guan Wen
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
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60
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Harris AN, Lee HW, Verlander JW, Weiner ID. Testosterone modulates renal ammonia metabolism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F922-F935. [PMID: 32116019 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00560.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are substantial sex differences in renal structure and ammonia metabolism that correlate with differences in expression of proteins involved in ammonia generation and transport. This study determined the role of testis-derived testosterone in these differences. We studied 4-mo-old male C57BL/6 mice 4 and 8 wk after either bilateral orchiectomy (ORCH) or sham-operated control surgery and determined the effect of testosterone replacement to reverse the effects of ORCH. Finally, we determined the cellular expression of androgen receptor (AR), testosterone's canonical target receptor. ORCH decreased kidney and proximal tubule size, and testosterone replacement reversed this effect. ORCH increased ammonia excretion in a testosterone-dependent fashion; this occurred despite similar food intake, which is the primary component of endogenous acid production. ORCH increased expression of both phosphoenolpyruvate, a major ammonia-generating protein, and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, which mediates thick ascending limb ammonia reabsorption; these changes were reversed with testosterone replacement. Orchiectomy also decreased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, which mediates proximal tubule ammonia secretion, in a testosterone-dependent pattern. Finally, ARs are expressed throughout the proximal tubule in both the male and female kidney. Testosterone, possibly acting through ARs, has dramatic effects on kidney and proximal tubule size and decreases ammonia excretion through its effects on several key proteins involved in ammonia metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn N Harris
- Deparment of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Bures C, Skachko T, Dobrindt EM, Pratschke J, Uluk D, Mogl MT. Is There a Gender Difference in Clinical Presentation of Renal Hyperparathyroidism and Outcome after Parathyroidectomy? Visc Med 2020; 36:34-40. [PMID: 32110655 DOI: 10.1159/000505501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gender has been proven to influence the pathophysiology and treatment of numerous diseases, including kidney diseases and hormonal dysfunction like hyperparathyroidism. Thus, higher parathormone levels have been demonstrated in women with end-stage kidney disease, when compared to men. Objectives We questioned whether female gender is associated with an increased risk for parathyroid nodular hyperplasia and necessary parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients and assessed demographics as well as outcome data for women and men undergoing parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. Patients and Methods One hundred and thirty patients (men = 75, female = 55) with end-stage renal disease on chronic dialysis and advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy between 2008 and 2014 at our center were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative characteristics and short-term outcome were evaluated with respect to biological gender. Results No differences could be demonstrated for patient demography, comorbidities and the perioperative course between males and females. Only preoperative calcium levels were lower in female than in male patients (2.3 ± 0.19 vs. 2.3 ± 0.26, p = 0.04). There were more women, however, with cerebrovascular complications during follow-up (p = 0.04). There was no postoperative mortality, and all complications and comorbidities with exception of cerebrovascular diseases were equally distributed between female and male patients. Conclusion Overall, we could not demonstrate many significant differences between male and female patients with end-stage renal diseases, chronic dialysis and operated secondary hyperparathyroidism. Only preoperative electrolyte levels were higher in male than in female patients, and cerebrovascular complications developed more often in females than in males during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bures
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Skachko
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva M Dobrindt
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deniz Uluk
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina T Mogl
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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62
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Ahmed S, Layton AT. Sex-specific computational models for blood pressure regulation in the rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F888-F900. [PMID: 32036698 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00376.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of computational models of the cardiovascular system. Some of these models simulate blood pressure regulation in humans and include components of the circulatory, renal, and neurohormonal systems. Although such human models are intended to have clinical value in that they can be used to assess the effects and reveal mechanisms of hypertensive therapeutic treatments, rodent models would be more useful in assisting the interpretation of animal experiments. Also, despite well-known sexual dimorphism in blood pressure regulation, almost all published models are gender neutral. Given these observations, the goal of this project is to develop the first computational models of blood pressure regulation for male and female rats. The resulting sex-specific models represent the interplay among cardiovascular function, renal hemodynamics, and kidney function in the rat; they also include the actions of the renal sympathetic nerve activity and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as physiological sex differences. We explore mechanisms responsible for blood pressure and renal autoregulation and notable sexual dimorphism. Model simulations suggest that fluid and sodium handling in the kidney of female rats, which differs significantly from males, may contribute to their observed lower salt sensitivity as compared with males. Additionally, model simulations highlight sodium handling in the kidney and renal sympathetic nerve activity sensitivity as key players in the increased resistance of females to angiotensin II-induced hypertension as compared with males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Ahmed
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology and Schools of Computer Science and Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Tubular Deficiency of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F Elevates Systolic Blood Pressure and Induces Glycosuria in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15765. [PMID: 31673025 PMCID: PMC6823451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that overexpression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (Hnrnpf) in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) suppresses angiotensinogen (Agt) expression, and attenuates systemic hypertension and renal injury in diabetic Hnrnpf-transgenic (Tg) mice. We thus hypothesized that deletion of Hnrnpf in the renal proximal tubules (RPT) of mice would worsen systemic hypertension and kidney injury, perhaps revealing novel mechanism(s). Tubule-specific Hnrnpf knockout (KO) mice were generated by crossbreeding Pax8-Cre mice with floxed Hnrnpf mice on a C57BL/6 background. Both male and female KO mice exhibited elevated systolic blood pressure, increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and glycosuria without changes in blood glucose or glomerular filtration rate compared with control littermates. However, glycosuria disappeared in male KO mice at the age of 12 weeks, while female KO mice had persistent glycosuria. Agt expression was elevated, whereas sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (Sglt2) expression was down-regulated in RPTs of both male and female KO mice as compared to control littermates. In vitro, KO of HNRNPF in human RPTCs (HK-2) by CRISPR gRNA up-regulated AGT and down-regulated SGLT2 expression. The Sglt2 inhibitor canagliflozin treatment had no effect on Agt and Sglt2 expression in HK-2 and in RPTCs of wild-type mice but induced glycosuria. Our results demonstrate that Hnrnpf plays a role in the development of hypertension and glycosuria through modulation of renal Agt and Sglt2 expression in mice, respectively.
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64
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Protein Abundance of Clinically Relevant Drug Transporters in The Human Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215303. [PMID: 31653114 PMCID: PMC6862022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal drug transporters such as the organic cation transporters (OCTs), organic anion transporters (OATs) and multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) play an important role in the tubular secretion of many drugs influencing their efficacy and safety. However, only little is known about the distinct protein abundance of these transporters in human kidneys, and about the impact of age and gender as potential factors of inter-subject variability in their expression and function. The aim of this study was to determine the protein abundance of MDR1, MRP1-4, BCRP, OAT1-3, OCT2-3, MATE1, PEPT1/2, and ORCTL2 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics in a set of 36 human cortex kidney samples (20 males, 16 females; median age 53 and 55 years, respectively). OAT1 and 3, OCT2 and ORCTL2 were found to be most abundant renal SLC transporters while MDR1, MRP1 and MRP4 were the dominating ABC transporters. Only the expression levels of MDR1 and ORCTL2 were significantly higher abundant in older donors. Moreover, we found several significant correlations between different transporters, which may indicate their functional interplay in renal vectorial transport processes. Our data may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular processes determining renal excretion of drugs.
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65
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Key role of organic cation transporter 2 for the nephrotoxicity effect of triptolide in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105959. [PMID: 31644961 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TwHF), a traditional Chinese Medicine, is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its severe nephrotoxicity limits its extensive application. The nephrotoxic mechanism of Triptolide (TP), the main pharmacological and toxic component of TwHF, has not been fully revealed. This study was designed to explore the nephrotoxicity of TP in the RA state and the potential molecular mechanism. A rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was constructed and administered with TP for 28 days in vivo. Results showed that the kidney injury induced by TP was aggravated in the CIA state, the concentration of TP in the renal cortex was higher than that of the medulla after TP administration in the CIA rats, and the expression of organic cation transporter 2 (Oct2) in kidney was up-regulated under CIA condition. Besides, rat kidney slice study demonstrated that TP was transported by Oct2 and this was confirmed by transient silencing and overexpression of OCT2 in HEK-293T cells. Furthermore, cytoinflammatory models on HK-2 and HEK-293T cell lines were constructed by exposure of TNF-α or IL-1β to further explore the TP's renal toxicity. Results suggested that TNF-α exposure aggravated TP's toxicity and up-regulated the protein expression of OCT2 in both cell lines. TNF-α treatment also increased the function of OCT2 and finally OCT2 silencing confirmed OCT2 mediated nephrotoxicity of TP in HEK-293T cells. In summary, the exposure of TNF-α in RA state induced the expression of OCT2, which transported more TP into kidney cortex, subsequently exacerbated the kidney injury.
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66
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Tingskov SJ, Mutsaers HAM, Nørregaard R. Estrogen regulates aquaporin-2 expression in the kidney. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 112:243-264. [PMID: 32061343 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are primarily identified as sex hormones that, for a long time, have been known as important regulators of female reproductive physiology. However, our understanding of the role of estrogens has changed over the past years. It is now well accepted that estrogens are also involved in other physiological and pathological processes in both genders. This is due to the fact that estrogen can act both local as well as on a systemic level. Next to its role in reproductive physiology, there is accumulating evidence that estrogen influences multiple systems involved in water homeostasis. This chapter will delineate the regulatory effects of estrogen on the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) found in the renal collecting duct. We will first provide an introduction to estrogen, the estrogen receptors and their role in renal physiology as well as describe the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the kidney. Subsequently, we will focus on how estrogen and SERMs influence water balance and regulate AQP2 expression in principal cells of the collecting duct. Finally, we will describe how estrogen regulates AQP2 functionality in other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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67
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Hu R, McDonough AA, Layton AT. Functional implications of the sex differences in transporter abundance along the rat nephron: modeling and analysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1462-F1474. [PMID: 31566436 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00352.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate the functional implications of sexual dimorphism in the pattern of transporters along the rodent nephron as reported by Veiras et al. (J Am Soc Nephrol 28: 3504-3517, 2017). To do so, we developed sex-specific computational models of water and solute transport along the superficial nephrons from male and female rat kidneys. The models account for the sex differences in the abundance of apical and basolateral transporters, single nephron glomerular filtration rate, and tubular dimensions. Model simulations predict that ~70% and 60% of filtered Na+ is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule of male and female rat kidneys, respectively. The lower fractional Na+ reabsorption in female kidneys is due primarily to their smaller transport area, lower Na+/H+ exchanger activity, and lower claudin-2 abundance, culminating in significantly larger fractional delivery of water and Na+ to the downstream nephron segments in female kidneys. Conversely, the female distal nephron exhibits a higher abundance of key Na+ transporters, including Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporters, Na+-Cl- cotransporters, and epithelial Na+ channels. The higher abundance of transporters accounts for the enhanced water and Na+ transport along the female, relative to male, distal nephron, resulting in similar urine excretion between the sexes. Consequently, in response to a saline load, the Na+ load delivered distally is greater in female rats than male rats, overwhelming transport capacity and resulting in higher natriuresis in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Biology and Schools of Computer Science and Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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68
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Harris AN, Lee HW, Fang L, Verlander JW, Weiner ID. Differences in acidosis-stimulated renal ammonia metabolism in the male and female kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F890-F905. [PMID: 31390234 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00244.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ammonia excretion is a critical component of acid-base homeostasis, and changes in ammonia excretion are the predominant component of increased net acid excretion in response to metabolic acidosis. We recently reported substantial sex-dependent differences in basal ammonia metabolism that correlate with sex-dependent differences in renal structure and expression of key proteins involved in ammonia metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sex on the renal ammonia response to an exogenous acid load. We studied 4-mo-old C57BL/6 mice. Ammonia excretion, which was less in male mice under basal conditions, increased in response to acid loading to a greater extent in male mice, such that maximal ammonia excretion did not differ between the sexes. Fundamental structural sex differences in the nonacid-loaded kidney persisted after acid loading, with less cortical proximal tubule volume density in the female kidney than in the male kidney, whereas collecting duct volume density was greater in the female kidney. To further investigate sex-dependent differences in the response to acid loading, we examined the expression of proteins involved in ammonia metabolism. The change in expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and Rh family B glycoprotein with acid loading was greater in male mice than in female mice, whereas Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and inner stripe of the outer medulla intercalated cell Rh family C glycoprotein expression were significantly greater in female mice than in male mice. There was no significant sex difference in glutamine synthetase, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, or electrogenic Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter 1 variant A protein expression in response to acid loading. We conclude that substantial sex-dependent differences in the renal ammonia response to acid loading enable a similar maximum ammonia excretion response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn N Harris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lijuan Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Jaćević V, Nepovimova E, Kuča K. Interspecies and intergender differences in acute toxicity of K-oximes drug candidates. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:312-316. [PMID: 31153983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
K-oximes were developed as modern drug candidates acting as AChE reactivators. In this study, it has been investigated which interspecies and intergender differences changes could be observed in Wistar rats and Swiss mice, both genders, after the treatment with increasing doses of selected acetylcholinesterase reactivators - asoxime, obidoxime, K027, K048, and K075. After the 24 h, a number of died animals was counted and the median lethal dose (LD50) for each oxime was calculated. By using the intramuscular route of administration, asoxime and K027 had the least toxicity in female rats (640.21 mg/kg and 686.08 mg/kg), and in female mice (565.75 mg/kg and 565.74 mg/kg), respectively. Moreover, asoxime and K027 showed 3, 4 or 8 times less acute toxicity in comparison to K048, obidoxime and K075, respectively. Beyond, K075 had the greatest toxicity in male rats (81.53 mg/kg), and in male mice (57.34 mg/kg), respectively. Our results can help to predict likely adverse toxic effects, target organ systems and possible outcome in the event of massive human overexposure, and in establishing risk categories or in dose selection for the initial repeated dose toxicity tests to be conducted for each oxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jaćević
- National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 17 Crnotravska St, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia; Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 1 Pavla Jurišića-Šturma St, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), University Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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70
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Shepard BD. Sex differences in diabetes and kidney disease: mechanisms and consequences. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F456-F462. [PMID: 31241989 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00249.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, along with their accompanying hyperglycemia, are associated with a multitude of comorbidities including the development of diabetic kidney disease. Although the hallmarks of these metabolic disorders have been well characterized in population and animal studies, it is becoming increasingly apparent that diabetes manifests itself differently in men and women. This review summarizes the recent diabetic literature with a focus on known sex differences in clinical and preclinical studies. It explores the physiological differences of glucose handling and the development of diabetes between men and women. This review also uncovers potential mechanisms for these differences, honing in on the vital role that sex hormone signaling plays in the progression of diabetes and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe D Shepard
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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71
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Mataranyika P, Kibuule D, Kalemeera F, Kaura H, Godman B, Rennie T. Liver enzyme elevations in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Namibia: Findings and implications. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P.A. Mataranyika
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Box 13301 , 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - D. Kibuule
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Box 13301 , 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - F. Kalemeera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Box 13301 , 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - H. Kaura
- Institute of Pathology, Katutura Hospital Complex, Box 277, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B. Godman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Liverpool Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool L69 7ZH, United Kingdom
| | - T.W. Rennie
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Box 13301 , 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia
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72
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Oloyo AK, Imaga NO, Fatope Y, Sofola OA. Sex differences in cardiac and renal responses to a high salt diet in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01665. [PMID: 31193051 PMCID: PMC6514751 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High dietary salt intake is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. However, sexual disparity exists in the response of target organs to high salt diet (HSD). To determine how sex affects cardiac and renal functions' response to HSD, 20 weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (10 males and 10 females) were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The rats were fed a normal diet (0.3% NaCl) or HSD (8% NaCl) for 12 weeks. Fluid balance (FB) was determined from 24 hrs water intake and voided urine. Blood pressure (BP) was measured via arterial cannulation under anesthesia (25% w/v urethane and 1% w/v α-chloralose; 5 ml/kg, i.p). Serum levels of troponin I, aminotransaminases, creatinine, urea, uric acid and electrolytes as well as urinary concentration of albumin, creatinine, and electrolytes were measured using appropriate assay kits. Values are presented as mean ± S.E.M, compared by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post Hoc test. In the male rat, HSD significantly increased BP, serum: Troponin I, LDH and sodium (p < 0.05), urinary: albumin, sodium, potassium and FB (p < 0.05). In the female rat, HSD increased BP, serum: troponin I, LDH, sodium and creatinine clearance (p < 0.05), urinary: albumin, sodium and potassium (p < 0.01). However, HSD increased more, the BP, serum: Troponin I, LDH, urinary albumin and FB in male rats, while HSD increased urinary sodium more in female rats. Basal values in male vs. female of serum LDH and urinary albumin were significantly different. Thus, sex plays an important role in the response of the heart and kidney to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kolade Oloyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi O.A. Imaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Nigeria
| | - Yemisi Fatope
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Nigeria
| | - Olusoga A. Sofola
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Nigeria
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73
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Crajoinas RO, Polidoro JZ, Girardi ACC. The potential role of myosin motor proteins in mediating the subcellular distribution of NHE3 in the renal proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F986-F992. [PMID: 30864843 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00577.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoform 3 of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of NaCl, NaHCO3, and, consequently, water in the renal proximal tubule. As such, this transporter plays an essential role in acid-base balance and extracellular fluid volume homeostasis and determining systemic arterial blood pressure levels. NHE3 activity is modulated by a number of mechanisms, including the redistribution of the transporter between the body of the microvilli (where NHE3 is active) and the base of the microvilli (where NHE3 is less active). Although the physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological importance of the subcellular distribution of NHE3 has been well established, the exact mechanism whereby NHE3 is translocated along microvilli microdomains of the proximal tubule apical membrane is unknown. Nonmuscle myosin IIA and unconventional myosin VI move cargoes in anterograde and retrograde directions, respectively, and are known to redistribute along with NHE3 in the proximal tubule in response to a variety of natriuretic and antinatriuretic stimuli, including stimulation or inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, high dietary Na+ intake, and high blood pressure. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the current evidence that suggests a potential role of myosin IIA and myosin VI in mediating the subcellular distribution of NHE3 along the kidney proximal tubule microvilli and their possible contribution in modifying NHE3-mediated Na+ reabsorption under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato O Crajoinas
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Juliano Z Polidoro
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Adriana C C Girardi
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil
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74
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Ahmed S, Hu R, Leete J, Layton AT. Understanding sex differences in long-term blood pressure regulation: insights from experimental studies and computational modeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1113-H1123. [PMID: 30875261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension are found in humans and animal models. Moreover, there has been a recent explosion of data concerning sex differences in nitric oxide, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, and kidney function. These data have the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying male-female differences in blood pressure control. To elucidate the interactions among the multitude of physiological processes involved, one may apply computational models. In this review, we describe published computational models that represent key players in blood pressure regulation, and highlight sex-specific models and their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Ahmed
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jessica Leete
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada.,School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada.,Departments of Mathematics, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
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75
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Koch J, Idzerda NMA, Dam W, Assa S, Franssen CFM, van den Born J. Plasma syndecan-1 in hemodialysis patients associates with survival and lower markers of volume status. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F121-F127. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, associates with renal and cardiovascular functioning. We earlier reported syndecan-1 to be involved in renal tubular regeneration. We now examined plasma values of syndecan-1 in a hemodialysis cohort and its association with volume and inflammatory and endothelial markers in addition to outcome. Eighty-four prevalent hemodialysis patients were evaluated for their plasma syndecan-1 levels by ELISA before the start of hemodialysis, as well as 60, 180, and 240 min after start of dialysis. Patients were divided into sex-stratified tertiles based on predialysis plasma syndecan-1 levels. We studied the association between plasma levels of syndecan-1 and volume, inflammation, and endothelial markers and its association with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses with adjustments for gender, age, diabetes, and dialysis vintage. Predialysis syndecan-1 levels were twofold higher in men compared with women ( P = 0.0003). Patients in the highest predialysis plasma syndecan-1 tertile had a significantly higher ultrafiltration rate ( P = 0.034) and lower plasma values of BNP ( P = 0.019), pro-ANP ( P = 0.024), and endothelin ( P < 0.0001) compared with the two lower predialysis syndecan-1 tertiles. No significant associations with inflammatory markers were found. Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the highest syndecan-1 tertile had significantly less cardiovascular events and better survival compared with the lowest syndecan-1 tertile ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.005, respectively). In hemodialysis patients, higher plasma syndecan-1 levels were associated with lower concentrations of BNP, pro-ANP, and endothelin and with better patient survival. This may suggest that control of volume status in hemodialysis patients allows an adaptive tissue regenerative response as reflected by higher plasma syndecan-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Koch
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M. A. Idzerda
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Solmaz Assa
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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76
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Tsao YC, Chen JY, Yeh WC, Li WC. Gender- and Age-Specific Associations between Visceral Obesity and Renal Function Impairment. Obes Facts 2019; 12:67-77. [PMID: 30726849 PMCID: PMC6465737 DOI: 10.1159/000496626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, this trend becomes nonsignificant following adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. The present study aims to investigate whether visceral obesity is independently associated with renal function impairment. METHOD The medical records of 14,529 male and 10,561 female Chinese adults undergoing health check-ups during 2013-2015 were retrospectively collected. The baseline characteristics, including the degree of visceral fat and the percentage of body fat, were compared. The association between study groups and renal function impairment was investigated using regression models adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS All variables differed significantly among non-obese, peripheral, and central type obese subjects, both younger and older, and of both genders, except for hsCRP in older male subjects (p = 0.053) and eGFR in older female subjects (p = 0.098). Unadjusted univariate analysis showed that central obesity contributed significantly to renal function impairment in all age groups and in both genders. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, only central obesity was found to be an independent factor of renal function impairment in all groups, except for men under 45 years of age. CONCLUSION Visceral obesity is independently associated with renal function impairment in all ages and both genders, except for males younger than 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Tsao
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Management, Xiamen Chang-Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- *Wen-Cheng Li, MD, and Jau-Yuan Chen, MD, Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Guei-Shan District, Taoyuan 333 (Taiwan), E-Mail
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77
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Layton AT, Sullivan JC. Recent advances in sex differences in kidney function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F328-F331. [PMID: 30565997 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00584.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics and School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada.,Departments of Mathematics, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
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78
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Das SK, McIntyre HD, Alati R, Al Mamun A. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its association with offspring renal function at 30 years: Observation from a birth cohort study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 24:21-27. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumon K Das
- Institute for Social Science Research, School of Social ScienceThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Devision, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Harold D McIntyre
- Mater Clinical School, School of MedicineUniversity of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Mater Medical Research Institute South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, School of Social ScienceThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, School of Social ScienceThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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79
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Deming Y, Dumitrescu L, Barnes LL, Thambisetty M, Kunkle B, Gifford KA, Bush WS, Chibnik LB, Mukherjee S, De Jager PL, Kukull W, Huentelman M, Crane PK, Resnick SM, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Larson EB, Johnson SC, Albert M, Moghekar A, Del Aguila JL, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Hassenstab J, Fagan AM, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Minthon L, Chao MJ, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Peskind ER, Li G, Davis LK, Sealock JM, Cox NJ, Goate AM, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Jefferson AL, Cruchaga C, Hohman TJ. Sex-specific genetic predictors of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:857-872. [PMID: 29967939 PMCID: PMC6280657 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and tau have been evaluated as endophenotypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic studies. Although there are sex differences in AD risk, sex differences have not been evaluated in genetic studies of AD endophenotypes. We performed sex-stratified and sex interaction genetic analyses of CSF biomarkers to identify sex-specific associations. Data came from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CSF Aβ42 and tau (1527 males, 1509 females). We evaluated sex interactions at previous loci, performed sex-stratified GWAS to identify sex-specific associations, and evaluated sex interactions at sex-specific GWAS loci. We then evaluated sex-specific associations between prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression at relevant loci and autopsy measures of plaques and tangles using data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. In Aβ42, we observed sex interactions at one previous and one novel locus: rs316341 within SERPINB1 (p = 0.04) and rs13115400 near LINC00290 (p = 0.002). These loci showed stronger associations among females (β = - 0.03, p = 4.25 × 10-8; β = 0.03, p = 3.97 × 10-8) than males (β = - 0.02, p = 0.009; β = 0.01, p = 0.20). Higher levels of expression of SERPINB1, SERPINB6, and SERPINB9 in PFC was associated with higher levels of amyloidosis among females (corrected p values < 0.02) but not males (p > 0.38). In total tau, we observed a sex interaction at a previous locus, rs1393060 proximal to GMNC (p = 0.004), driven by a stronger association among females (β = 0.05, p = 4.57 × 10-10) compared to males (β = 0.02, p = 0.03). There was also a sex-specific association between rs1393060 and tangle density at autopsy (pfemale = 0.047; pmale = 0.96), and higher levels of expression of two genes within this locus were associated with lower tangle density among females (OSTN p = 0.006; CLDN16 p = 0.002) but not males (p ≥ 0.32). Results suggest a female-specific role for SERPINB1 in amyloidosis and for OSTN and CLDN16 in tau pathology. Sex-specific genetic analyses may improve understanding of AD's genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Kunkle
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walter Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge L Del Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J Chao
- Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia M Sealock
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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80
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Shepard BD, Koepsell H, Pluznick JL. Renal olfactory receptor 1393 contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes in a diet-induced obesity model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F372-F381. [PMID: 30484350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that serve to detect odorants in the nose. Additionally, these receptors are expressed in other tissues, where they have functions outside the canonical smell response. Olfactory receptor 1393 (Olfr1393) was recently identified as a novel regulator of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (Sglt1) localization in the renal proximal tubule. Glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule (via Sglt1 and Sglt2) has emerged as an important contributor to the development of diabetes. Inhibition of Sglt2 is accepted as a viable therapeutic treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes and has been shown to delay development of diabetic kidney disease. We hypothesized that Olfr1393 may contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes, particularly the development of hyperfiltration, which has been linked to increased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule via the Sglts. To test this hypothesis, Olfr1393 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were challenged with a high-fat diet to induce early-stage type 2 diabetes. After 16 wk on the high-fat diet, fasting blood glucose values were increased and glucose tolerance was impaired in the male WT mice. Both of these effects were significantly blunted in the male KO mice. In addition, male and female WT mice developed diabetes-induced hyperfiltration, which was attenuated in the Olfr1393 KO mice and corresponded with a reduction in luminal expression of Sglt2. Collectively, these data indicate that renal Olfr1393 can contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes, likely as a regulator of Na+-glucose cotransport in the proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe D Shepard
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Human Science, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von Sachs-Institute, University Wurzburg , Wurzburg , Germany
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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81
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Li Q, McDonough AA, Layton HE, Layton AT. Functional implications of sexual dimorphism of transporter patterns along the rat proximal tubule: modeling and analysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F692-F700. [PMID: 29846110 PMCID: PMC6172582 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00171.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the functional implications of the sexual dimorphism in transporter patterns along the proximal tubule. To do so, we have developed sex-specific computational models of solute and water transport in the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney. The models account for the sex differences in expression levels of the apical and basolateral transporters, in single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, and in tubular dimensions. Model simulations predict that 70.6 and 38.7% of the filtered volume is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule of the male and female rat kidneys, respectively. The lower fractional volume reabsorption in females can be attributed to their smaller transport area and lower aquaporin-1 expression level. The latter also results in a larger contribution of the paracellular pathway to water transport. Correspondingly similar fractions (70.9 and 39.2%) of the filtered Na+ are reabsorbed by the male and female proximal tubule models, respectively. The lower fractional Na+ reabsorption in females is due primarily to their smaller transport area and lower Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 and claudin-2 expression levels. Notably, unlike most Na+ transporters, whose expression levels are lower in females, Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) expression levels are 2.5-fold higher in females. Model simulations suggest that the higher SGLT2 expression in females may compensate for their lower tubular transport area to achieve a hyperglycemic tolerance similar to that of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Li
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Kerck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Harold E Layton
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
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82
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Kim SK, Choe JY. Gender Is a Risk Factor for Annual Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients Treated with Biological DMARDs in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis: a Retrospective Observational Study. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e188. [PMID: 30034303 PMCID: PMC6052330 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified the risk factors of changes in renal function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled patients with RA (n = 293) and AS (n = 125) treated with bDMARDs. The estimated glomerular filter rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was applied for assessment of annual changes in renal function between initiation and last visit after bDMARD therapy. The annual change in eGFR was used as an indicator for change in renal function. Statistical significance was assessed by Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS The positive annual change in eGFR in women was significantly noted, compared to that in men (P = 0.004). The annual change in eGFR was different between men and women (P = 0.038) in RA, but not in AS patients (P = 0.126). In multivariate linear regression analysis, women patients and increased serum creatinine at baseline were closely associated with positive annual change in eGFR in both RA and AS patients. In RA patients, younger age and lower ESR level were considered risk factors of positive annual change in eGFR (P = 0.013 and P = 0.022, respectively). However, disease duration and duration of bDMARD use were not associated with annual change in eGFR. CONCLUSION This study found that gender, especially men, might be responsible for annual decline in eGFR in RA and AS patients treated with bDMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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83
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Abstract
The kidneys regulate many vital functions that require precise control throughout the day. These functions, such as maintaining sodium balance or regulating arterial pressure, rely on an intrinsic clock mechanism that was commonly believed to be controlled by the central nervous system. Mounting evidence in recent years has unveiled previously underappreciated depth of influence by circadian rhythms and clock genes on renal function, at the molecular and physiological level, independent of other external factors. The impact of circadian rhythms in the kidney also affects individuals from a clinical standpoint, as the loss of rhythmic activity or clock gene expression have been documented in various cardiovascular diseases. Fortunately, the prognostic value of examining circadian rhythms may prove useful in determining the progression of a kidney-related disease, and chronotherapy is a clinical intervention that requires consideration of circadian and diurnal rhythms in the kidney. In this review, we discuss evidence of circadian regulation in the kidney from basic and clinical research in order to provide a foundation on which a great deal of future research is needed to expand our understanding of circadian relevant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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84
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Khalil R, Kim NR, Jardi F, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F, Decallonne B. Sex steroids and the kidney: role in renal calcium and phosphate handling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 465:61-72. [PMID: 29155307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and phosphate are vital for the organism and constitute essential components of the skeleton. Serum levels are tightly hormonally regulated and maintained by exchange with three major sources: the intestines, the kidney and the bone. The effects of sex steroids on the bone have been extensively studied and it is well known that sex steroid deficiency induces bone loss, indirectly influencing renal calcium and phosphate homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether sex steroids also directly regulate renal calcium and phosphate handling, hereby potentially indirectly impacting on bone. The presence of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER) in both human and rodent kidney, although their exact localization within the kidney remains debated, supports direct effects. Estrogens stimulate renal calcium reabsorption as well as phosphate excretion, while the effects of androgens are less clear. Many of the studies performed with regard to renal calcium and/or phosphate homeostasis do not correct for the calcium and phosphate fluxes from the bone and intestines, which complicates the differentiation between the direct effects of sex steroids on renal calcium and phosphate handling and the indirect effects via the bone and intestines. The objective of this study is to review the literature and current insight of the role of sex steroids in calcium and phosphate handling in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rougin Khalil
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium.
| | - Na Ri Kim
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 901, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium
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85
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Harris AN, Lee HW, Osis G, Fang L, Webster KL, Verlander JW, Weiner ID. Differences in renal ammonia metabolism in male and female kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F211-F222. [PMID: 29561185 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00084.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ammonia metabolism has a major role in the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis. Sex differences are well recognized as an important biological variable in many aspects of renal function, including fluid and electrolyte metabolism. However, sex differences in renal ammonia metabolism have not been previously reported. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate sex differences in renal ammonia metabolism. We studied 4-mo-old wild-type C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet. Despite similar levels of food intake, and, thus, protein intake, which is the primary determinant of endogenous acid production, female mice excreted greater amounts of ammonia, but not titratable acids, than did male mice. This difference in ammonia metabolism was associated with fundamental structural differences between the female and male kidney. In the female mouse kidney, proximal tubules account for a lower percentage of the renal cortical parenchyma compared with the male kidney, whereas collecting ducts account for a greater percentage of the renal parenchyma than in male kidneys. To further investigate the mechanism(s) behind the greater ammonia excretion in female mice, we examined differences in the expression of proteins involved in renal ammonia metabolism and transport. Greater basal ammonia excretion in females was associated with greater expression of PEPCK, glutamine synthetase, NKCC2, Rhbg, and Rhcg than was observed in male mice. We conclude that there are sex differences in basal ammonia metabolism that involve both renal structural differences and differences in expression of proteins involved in ammonia metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn N Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gunars Osis
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lijuan Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kierstin L Webster
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida.,Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Administration Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
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86
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Ichii O, Nakamura T, Irie T, Kouguchi H, Sotozaki K, Horino T, Sunden Y, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Close pathological correlations between chronic kidney disease and reproductive organ-associated abnormalities in female cotton rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:418-427. [PMID: 29412002 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218758250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton rat ( Sigmodon hispidus) is a useful experimental rodent for the study of human infectious diseases. We previously clarified that cotton rats, particularly females, developed chronic kidney disease characterized by cystic lesions, inflammation, and fibrosis. The present study investigated female-associated factors for chronic kidney disease development in cotton rats. Notably, female cotton rats developed separation of the pelvic symphysis and hypertrophy in the vaginal parts of the cervix with age, which strongly associated with pyometra. The development of pyometra closely associated with the deterioration of renal dysfunction or immunological abnormalities was indicated by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine or spleen weight and serum albumin/globulin ratio, respectively. These parameters for renal dysfunction and immunological abnormalities were statistically correlated. These phenotypes found in the female reproductive organs were completely inhibited by ovariectomy. Further, the female cotton rats with pyometra tended to show more severe chronic kidney disease phenotypes and immunological abnormalities than those without pyometra; these changes were inhibited in ovariectomized cotton rats. With regard to renal histopathology, cystic lesions, inflammation, and fibrosis were ameliorated by ovariectomy. Notably, the immunostaining intensity of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β were weak in the healthy kidneys, but both estrogen receptors were strongly induced in the renal tubules showing cystic changes. In conclusion, the close correlations among female reproductive organ-associated abnormalities, immunological abnormalities, and renal dysfunction characterize the chronic kidney disease features of female cotton rats. Thus, the cotton rat is a unique rodent model to elucidate the pathological crosstalk between chronic kidney disease and sex-related factors. Impact statement The increasing number of elderly individuals in the overall population has led to a concomitant age-related increase in chronic kidney disease. Moreover, the global prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease is gradually increasing, which poses a serious public health problem. The limited number of spontaneous chronic kidney disease animal models, which resemble chronic kidney disease pathogenesis in elderly individuals, is a major limitation in the development of experimental and curative medicines for chronic kidney disease. This pathological study clarified that sex-related factors, including hormones, and abnormalities of the female reproductive system, such as pyometra, are closely associated with chronic kidney disease development by using cotton rats ( Sigmodon hispidus). Further, ovariectomy inhibited the phenotypes of the female reproductive system, immunological abnormalities, and chronic kidney disease. Thus, this laboratory rodent serves as a novel and useful spontaneous chronic kidney disease model to elucidate the candidate disease factors and the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease both in human and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,2 Section of Biological Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Takao Irie
- 3 Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kouguchi
- 3 Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kozue Sotozaki
- 4 Sankyo Labo Service Corporation, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0802, Japan
| | - Taro Horino
- 5 Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunden
- 6 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0945, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,7 Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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87
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Lazarus M, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Reljić S, Jurasović J, Huber Đ. Sexual Maturity and Life Stage Influences Toxic Metal Accumulation in Croatian Brown Bears. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:339-348. [PMID: 29230529 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of reproductive and (early) life stages on toxic metal levels was investigated in the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the largest mammalian predator species in Croatia. The purpose was to examine critical clusters in a population that might be at a higher risk of adverse health effects caused by metals as environmental contaminants. Levels of cadmium, mercury and lead in muscle, liver and kidney cortex of 325 male and 139 female bears, quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, were analysed according to distinct bear life stages (young: cub, yearling, subadult; mature: adult). Metal levels did not differ among sexes in young animals (< 4 years), except for mercury in muscles (higher in females), and adult females had higher cadmium and mercury. A trend of renal cadmium accumulation with age in immature male animals disappeared once they reached maturity, whereas for females this trend has only slowly declined in mature compared to immature bears. In early life stage (< 1 year), bear cubs had lower cadmium, comparable mercury, and higher lead in the kidneys than the bears of the following age category (yearlings). Due to a higher proportion of renal lead transfer from the mother to the cub compared with cadmium, it may be that the high burden of cadmium found in kidneys of older females has lower toxicological concern for their cubs than the lead content. Sex, reproductive, and life stages of bears were confirmed as important in assessing toxic metal burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Reljić
- Department of Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Đuro Huber
- Department of Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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88
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Qian Z, Bultman J, Papineni S, He N, Lanigan L, Herman RA, Hard GC. Safety evaluation of DAS-44406-6 soybeans in Wistar rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:152-164. [PMID: 29199065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 90-day in-country feeding trial in Wistar rats was conducted at Tianjin Laboratory in China to assess toxicity of diets containing DAS-44406-6 soybean meal. There were no treatment-related changes observed when compared with the non-GM isoline control groups but histopathologically, 2 of 10 high-dose females were reported to show kidney lesions. However, these findings contrasted with the absence of any treatment-related kidney lesions in 3 separate 90-day toxicity studies previously conducted in Sprague Dawley rats. Strain difference is not expected in the kidney response, and based on the low incidence and contrary evidence from previous studies, it is likely that these lesions were of spontaneous origin, or artefactual. To determine that the lesions observed were not treatment-related in Wistar rats, a specific follow-up confirmatory study was conducted under Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) in the Wistar strain of rats following an identical study design to the Tianjin study. To increase the power of detecting effects, twice the number of animals per group (20/sex/group) were used, and no treatment-related kidney histopathological changes were observed. Based on these results and entire weight of evidence evaluation, it is concluded that the histopathological changes previously noted in the 2 female Wistar rats of Tianjin study were not treatment-related and that DAS-44406-6 soybeans are as safe as conventional non-GM soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Qian
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - JoAnna Bultman
- Charles River Laboratories International, Inc, United States
| | | | - Ning He
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisa Lanigan
- Charles River Laboratories International, Inc, United States
| | - Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States
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89
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Calvo JA, Allocca M, Fake KR, Muthupalani S, Corrigan JJ, Bronson RT, Samson LD. Parp1 protects against Aag-dependent alkylation-induced nephrotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44950-44965. [PMID: 27391435 PMCID: PMC5216697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a common toxic side-effect of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. Although the base excision repair (BER) pathway is essential in repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions the initiation of BER produces toxic repair intermediates that damage healthy tissues. We have shown that the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase, Aag (a.k.a. Mpg), an enzyme that initiates BER, mediates alkylation-induced whole-animal lethality and cytotoxicity in the pancreas, spleen, retina, and cerebellum, but not in the kidney. Cytotoxicity in both wild-type and Aag-transgenic mice (AagTg) was abrogated in the absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp1). Here we report that Parp1-deficient mice expressing increased Aag (AagTg/Parp1−/−) develop sex-dependent kidney failure upon exposure to the alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and suffer increased whole-animal lethality compared to AagTg and wild-type mice. Macroscopic, histological, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed morphological kidney damage including dilated tubules, proteinaceous casts, vacuolation, collapse of the glomerular tuft, and deterioration of podocyte structure. Moreover, mice exhibited clinical signs of kidney disease indicating functional damage, including elevated blood nitrogen urea and creatinine, hypoproteinemia and proteinuria. Pharmacological Parp inhibition in AagTg mice also resulted in sensitivity to MMS-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings provide in vivo evidence that Parp1 modulates Aag-dependent MMS-induced nephrotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner and highlight the critical roles that Aag-initiated BER and Parp1 may play in determining the side-effects of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Calvo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Fake
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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90
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Sex differences in ochratoxin a toxicity in F344 rats after 7 and 21 days of daily oral administration. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:363-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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91
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Meyfour A, Pooyan P, Pahlavan S, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Gourabi H, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project Allies with Developmental Biology: A Case Study of the Role of Y Chromosome Genes in Organ Development. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4259-4272. [PMID: 28914051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals of Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project is to identify protein evidence for missing proteins (MPs). Here, we present a case study of the role of Y chromosome genes in organ development and how to overcome the challenges facing MPs identification by employing human pluripotent stem cell differentiation into cells of different organs yielding unprecedented biological insight into adult silenced proteins. Y chromosome is a male-specific sex chromosome which escapes meiotic recombination. From an evolutionary perspective, Y chromosome has preserved 3% of ancestral genes compared to 98% preservation of the X chromosome based on Ohno's law. Male specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) contains genes that contribute to central dogma and govern the expression of various targets throughout the genome. One of the most well-known functions of MSY genes is to decide the male-specific characteristics including sex, testis formation, and spermatogenesis, which are majorly formed by ampliconic gene families. Beyond its role in sex-specific gonad development, MSY genes in coexpression with their X counterparts, as single copy and broadly expressed genes, inhibit haplolethality and play a key role in embryogenesis. The role of X-Y related gene mutations in the development of hereditary syndromes suggests an essential contribution of sex chromosome genes to development. MSY genes, solely and independent of their X counterparts and/or in association with sex hormones, have a considerable impact on organ development. In this Review, we present major recent findings on the contribution of MSY genes to gonad formation, spermatogenesis, and the brain, heart, and kidney development and discuss how Y chromosome proteome project may exploit developmental biology to find missing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meyfour
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research , 81589-68433 Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , 19839-63113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Pooyan
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research , 81589-68433 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research , 81589-68433 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , 19839-63113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute , 19395-4644 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research , 81589-68433 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , 19395-4644 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research , 81589-68433 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran , 31535-1897 Karaj, Iran
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92
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Cheng W, Ng CA. A Permeability-Limited Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Male Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9930-9939. [PMID: 28759222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a powerful in silico tool that can be used to simulate the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of xenobiotic substances, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in organisms. However, most existing PBPK models have been based on the flow-limited assumption and largely rely on in vivo data for parametrization. In this study, we propose a permeability-limited PBPK model to estimate the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of PFOA in male rats. Our model considers the cellular uptake and efflux of PFOA via both passive diffusion and transport facilitated by various membrane transporters, association with serum albumin in circulatory and extracellular spaces, and association with intracellular proteins in liver and kidney. Model performance is assessed using seven experimental data sets extracted from three different studies. Comparing model predictions with these experimental data, our model successfully predicts the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of PFOA in rats following exposure via both IV and oral routes. More importantly, rather than requiring in vivo data fitting, all PFOA-related parameters were obtained from in vitro assays. Our model thus provides an effective framework to test in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and holds great promise for predicting toxicokinetics of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Carla A Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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93
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Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease: progression to end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1147-63. [PMID: 27252402 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender differences are of fundamental importance in most diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Men and women with CKD differ with regard to the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and its complications, present different symptoms and signs, respond differently to therapy and tolerate/cope with the disease differently. Yet an approach using gender in the prevention and treatment of CKD, implementation of clinical practice guidelines and in research has been largely neglected. The present review highlights some sex- and gender-specific evidence in the field of CKD, starting with a critical appraisal of the lack of inclusion of women in randomized clinical trials in nephrology, and thereafter revisits sex/gender differences in kidney pathophysiology, kidney disease progression, outcomes and management of haemodialysis care. In each case we critically consider whether apparent discrepancies are likely to be explained by biological or psycho-socioeconomic factors. In some cases (a few), these findings have resulted in the discovery of disease pathways and/or therapeutic opportunities for improvement. In most cases, they have been reported as merely anecdotal findings. The aim of the present review is to expose some of the stimulating hypotheses arising from these observations as a preamble for stricter approaches using gender for the prevention and treatment of CKD and its complications.
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94
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Kunschmann R, Busse S, Frodl T, Busse M. Psychotic Symptoms Associated with Poor Renal Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementias. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:243-252. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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95
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Chen Y, Sullivan JC, Edwards A, Layton AT. Sex-specific computational models of the spontaneously hypertensive rat kidneys: factors affecting nitric oxide bioavailability. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F174-F183. [PMID: 28356289 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00482.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of this study were to 1) develop a computational model of solute transport and oxygenation in the kidney of the female spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and 2) apply that model to investigate sex differences in nitric oxide (NO) levels in SHR and their effects on medullary oxygenation and oxidative stress. To accomplish these goals, we first measured NO synthase (NOS) 1 and NOS3 protein expression levels in total renal microvessels of male and female SHR. We found that the expression of both NOS1 and NOS3 is higher in the renal vasculature of females compared with males. To predict the implications of that finding on medullary oxygenation and oxidative stress levels, we developed a detailed computational model of the female SHR kidney. The model was based on a published male kidney model and represents solute transport and the biochemical reactions among O2, NO, and superoxide ([Formula: see text]) in the renal medulla. Model simulations conducted using both male and female SHR kidney models predicted significant radial gradients in interstitial fluid oxygen tension (Po2) and NO and [Formula: see text] concentration in the outer medulla and upper inner medulla. The models also predicted that increases in endothelial NO-generating capacity, even when limited to specific vascular segments, may substantially raise medullary NO and Po2 levels. Other potential sex differences in SHR, including [Formula: see text] production rate, are predicted to significantly impact oxidative stress levels, but effects on NO concentration and Po2 are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Aurélie Edwards
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, CNRS ERL 8228, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;
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Orct T, Jurasović J, Micek V, Karaica D, Sabolić I. Macro- and microelements in the rat liver, kidneys, and brain tissues; sex differences and effect of blood removal by perfusion in vivo. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 40:104-111. [PMID: 28159217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of macro- and microelements in animal organs indicate the animal health status and represent reference data for animal experiments. Their levels in blood and tissues could be different between sexes, and could be different with and without blood in tissues. To test these hypotheses, in adult female and male rats the concentrations of various elements were measured in whole blood, blood plasma, and tissues from blood-containing (nonperfused) and blood-free liver, kidneys, and brain (perfused in vivo with an elements-free buffer). In these samples, 6 macroelements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca) and 14 microelements (Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, I, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Li, B, Sr) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following nitric acid digestion. In blood and plasma, female- or male-dominant sex differences were observed for 6 and 5 elements, respectively. In nonperfused organs, sex differences were observed for 3 (liver, brain) or 9 (kidneys) elements, whereas in perfused organs, similar differences were detected for 9 elements in the liver, 5 in the kidneys, and none in the brain. In females, perfused organs had significantly lower concentrations of 4, 5, and 2, and higher concentrations of 10, 4, and 7 elements, respectively, in the liver, kidneys, and brain. In males, perfusion caused lower concentrations of 4, 7, and 2, and higher concentrations of 1, 1, and 7 elements, respectively, in the liver, kidneys, and brain. Therefore, the residual blood in organs can significantly influence tissue concentrations of various elements and their sex-dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
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97
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Kwon T, Lim B, You D, Hong B, Hong JH, Kim CS, Jeong IG. Simple renal cyst and renal dysfunction: A pilot study using dimercaptosuccinic acid renal Scan. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:687-92. [PMID: 26481869 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about the association between renal cyst and renal dysfunction. We evaluated the deterioration of renal function in patients with unilateral, large, simple renal cysts. METHODS Fifty patients with unilateral, simple renal cysts measuring ≥ 4 cm (cyst group) and 50 kidney donors (control group) were enrolled. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans were performed to calculate split renal function. The differences between split renal function were calculated and compared. Clinical factors affecting decreased renal function in the cyst group were assessed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients in the cyst group was higher than the control group (59.1 vs 39.2 years; P = 0.001). Patients with renal cysts tended to be diagnosed with hypertension (P = 0.001), However, the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of the other characteristics. The median cyst size was 7.2 cm (range, 4.5-14.2), and 31 of the 50 patients (60.2%) in the cyst group demonstrated decreased renal function in the cystic kidney units (median: 5.8%; range, 0.2-33). Although there were no differences in split renal function (50.1% vs 49.9%; P = 0.629) in the control group, the relative renal function of the cystic kidney units were significantly lower than the contralateral kidney units in the cyst group (48.3% vs 51.7%; P = 0.001). The decrease in relative renal function (>8%) in the cystic kidney units was associated with a higher serum uric acid levels and higher RENAL complexity (P = 0.035 and P = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of unilateral, large, simple renal cysts are associated with decreased relative renal function on DMSA renal scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekmin Kwon
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumjin Lim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dalsan You
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumsik Hong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Hong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Gab Jeong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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98
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An early life course association of pulse pressure with adulthood estimated glomerular filtration rate. J Hypertens 2017; 35:392-400. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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99
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Caetano-Pinto P, Jansen J, Assaraf YG, Masereeuw R. The importance of breast cancer resistance protein to the kidneys excretory function and chemotherapeutic resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 30:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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100
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